1.

Water flows around the vertical two-dimensional

bend with circular streamlines and constant velocity as
shown. If the pressure is 40 kPa at point (1), determine
the pressures at points (2) and (3). Assume that the
velocity profile is uniform as indicated.

Sol)

Step 1. Consider the Bernoullis equation across the streamline

Step 2. Choose two points (1) and (2)

a) Pressure at point (2)

2 2
r1 v r2 v
Then, p1 + r dn + z1 [at point (1)] = p2 + r dn + z 2 [at point (2)]
1 r 1 r

p2 = p1 + ( z1 z 2 ) v 2 (ln 6 ln 5) [since dn = dr , r1 = 6 m, and r2 = 5 m]

By inserting the values p1 = 40 kPa, m, v = 10 m/s, and z1 z 2 = 1 m (since z1 < z 2 )

p2 = 40,000 Pa + (9800 N/m3)( 1 m) (999 kg/m3)(10 m/s)2(ln6/5)

= 11986 Pa = 12.0 kPa (Answer)

b) Pressure at point (3)

2 2
r v r v
Then, p1 + r 1 dn + z1 [at point (1)] = p3 + r 3 dn + z3 [at point (3)]
1 r 1 r

p3 = p1 + ( z1 z3 ) v 2 (ln 6 ln 4) [since dn = dr , r1 = 6 m, and r3 = 4 m]

By inserting the values p1 = 40 kPa, m, v = 10 m/s, and z1 z3 = 3 m (since z1 < z3 )

p2 = 40,000 Pa + (9800 N/m3)( 2 m) (999 kg/m3)(10 m/s)2(ln6/4)

= 20106 Pa = 20.1 kPa (Answer)

2. Water flows through the pipe contraction
shown. For the given 0.2-m difference in
H
manometer level, determine the flowrate as a
h
function of the diameter of the small pipe, D.
(1) (2)

Sol)

Bernoullis equation between (1) and (2)

1 1
p1 + V12 + z1 = p2 + V2 2 + z2 (No elevation change)
2 2
where V1 = 0 (Stagnation point)
Then,
1 1
p1 = p2 + V2 2 H = h + V2 2 (H and h: Two heights of water column)
2 2

2
V2 = ( H h) = 2 g ( H h) = 2(9.81)(0.2) = 1.981 m/s

From the continuity equation,

Q = A2V2 = D 2 (1.98) = 1.555D 2 (Answer)
4
3. Water flows steadily from a large open tank and discharges into the atmosphere through a 3-
in.-diameter pipe as shown. Determine the diameter, d, in the narrowed section of the pipe at A if
the pressure gages at A and B indicate the same pressure.

Sol) From the continuity equation,

(1)
Q = AAVA = ABVB = d 2VA = (3 in) 2VB
4 4
VB VB
d = (3 in) ( : To be determined)
VA VA (2)

y Bernoullis equation between (1) and A

1 1
p1 + V12 + z1 = p A + VA 2 + z A
2 2
where p1 = 0 (The atmosphere) & V1 = 0 (Large tank)
Then,
1
p A + VA 2 = ( z1 z A ) = (8 ft) (a)
2

y Bernoullis equation between A and B

1 1
pB + VB + z B = p A + VA + z A ( p A = pB )
2 2
2 2
1 1 V 2
(VA VB ) = VA 1 B = ( z B z A ) = (17 ft)
2 2 2
(b)
2 2 VA

y Bernoullis equation between (2) and B

1 1
pB + VB 2 + z B = p2 + V2 2 + z2
2 2
Where p2 = 0 (The atmosphere) & VB = V2 (The continuity eq. for AB = A2 )
Then,
pB = ( z2 z B ) = (25 ft) = p A ( z2 < z B )

By inserting this into eq. (a),

1
(25 ft) + VA 2 = (8 ft) VA = 2 (25 + 8 ft) = 2 g (25 + 8 ft) = 46.1 ft/s
2
By inserting this into eq. (b),
1 V 2 VB 2(32.2)(17 ft)
(46.1 ft/s) 1 B = (17 ft)
2
= 1 = 0.696
2 V A VA (46.1 ft/s) 2

VB
Finally, d = (3 in) = (3 in) 0.696 = 2.50 in. (Answer)
VA
4. An inviscid, incompressible liquid flows steadily from the large
(1)
pressurized tank shown. The velocity at the exit is 40 ft/s.

Determine the specific gravity of the liquid in the tank.

(2)
Sol)

Bernoullis equation between (1) and (2)

1 1
p1 + LV12 + L z1 = p2 + LV2 2 + L z2
2 2
where p2 = 0 (The atmosphere) & V1 = 0 (Large tank)
p1 = 10 psi & V2 = 40 ft/s
Then,
1
p1 + L ( z1 z2 ) = p1 + L g ( z1 z2 ) = LV2 2
2

Rearranging the equation,

p1 (10 psi)(144 in 2 / ft 2 )
L = = =4.54
V2 2 (40) 2
g ( z1 z2 ) (32.2)(15)
2 2

From the definition of Specific Gravity, SG,

L 4.54
SG = = = 2.34 (Answer)
H O @4 o C 1.94
2
5. Water flows from the large open tank shown. (1)
(3)
If viscous effects are neglected, determine the (2)
(4)
heights, h1 and h2, and h3, to which the three
streams rise.

(5)
Sol)

Bernoullis equation between (1) and (2)

1 1
p1 + V12 + z1 = p2 + V2 2 + z2 where p1 = p2 = 0 (Atmosphere), z1 = h ,
2 2
z2 = h1 , V1 = 0 ft/s (Large tank), V2 = 0 ft/s

Thus, h1 = h (Answer)

Similarly, between (1) and (3)

1 1
p1 + V12 + z1 = p3 + V32 + z3 where p3 = 0 , z3 = h2 , V3 = 0 ft/s
2 2

Thus, h2 = h (Answer)

Also, between (4) and (5)

1 1
p4 + V4 2 + z4 = p5 + V5 2 + z5 where p4 = p5 = 0 , z4 = h3 , z5 = 0
2 2
1 2 1
& h3 = (V5 V4 2 ) = (V5 2 V4 2 )
2 2g

From Bernoullis equation between (1) and (5), V5 = 2 gh ft/s

and, at point (4),

V4 2 = V4 x 2 + V4 y 2 = ( 2 gh cos ) 2 + (0) 2 since V4 x = V5 x and V4 y = 0

1
Then, h3 = (2 gh 2 gh cos 2 ) = h sin 2 = h sin 2 45o = 0.5h (Answer)
2g
6. Water flows from the pipe shown as a free jet and strikes a
circular flat plate. The flow geometry shown is axi-
symmetrical. Determine the flowrate and the manometer
(2)
reading, H. (0)

Sol) (1)

Bernoullis equation between (1) and (2)

1 1
p1 + V12 + z1 = p2 + V2 2 + z2
2 2
where p1 = p2 = 0 , z1 = 0 , z2 = 0.2 m
1 1
& V12 = V2 2 + z2
2 2

On the other hand, A1V1 = A2V2 = Q (Continuity equation)

A2 (rdisk ) 2 (0.4 mm) 4(0.1) 2 (0.0004)

& V1 = V2 = V2 = Q V2 = (1.6)V2
A1 (0.01) 2
D1
4
Inserting this into Bernoullis equation,

(1.6V2 ) 2 = V2 + 2 gz2 = V2 + 2(9.81)(0.2) V2 = 1.59 m/s

2 2
&

Then, Q = A2V2 = (0.1) 2 (0.0004)(1.59) = 2 104 m/s (Answer)

Also, Bernoullis equation between (1) and (0)

1 1
p1 + V12 + z1 = p0 + V0 2 + z0
2 2
where V1 = (1.6)(1.59) = 2.54 m/s, V0 = 0 , z0 = 0.2 m

1
Finally, p0 = H = V12 z0
2
1
& H= (2.54) 2 (0.2) = 0.129 m (Answer)
2g