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Overview Principles
Working Principles Frame Structure Acronyms
C
The GPON technology uses the P2MP architecture of a standard PON network. A GPON network consists The GPON technology uses different upstream and downstream wavelengths to transmit data bidirectionally over a single optical fiber. A GEM frame is a GPON service transmission unit with a length of 125 s. All data is encapsulated into
GEM frames for transmission. CPE customer premises equipment
of an OLT, ONUs, and optical splitters. The following figure shows the GPON network architecture.
SNI S/R R/S UNI DS center wavelength: 1490 nm DS Frame D
ODN
125 s DBA dynamic bandwidth allocation
A GEM port is the minimize unit for
ONU ONU 1 carrying data. Physical Control Block Downstream (PCBd)
Optical splitter E
Optical splitter T-CONT A T-CONT is an upstream service flow Payload
Upstream EPON Ethernet passive optical network
IFgpon control unit.
IFgpon OLT GEM port Bandwidth Map
Service node OLT CPE A GPON port on an ONU contains ONU 1 F
T-CONT multiple T-CONTs.
FTTB fiber to the building
A T-CONT contains multiple GEM AllocID Start End AllocID Start End
ONU ONU N ports. FTTC fiber to the curb
US center wavelength: 1310 nm
FTTD fiber to the door
1 100 200 2 300 500
FTTH fiber to the home
GPON Standards and Protocols FTTO fiber to the office
Service Transmission Principles OLT
ITU-T G.984.2 FTTW fiber to the Wi-Fi
ITU-T G.984.1 T-CONT 1 T-CONT 2
ODN parameter specifications 1 1 G
GPON network parameters ONU 1 ONU 1 (ONU 1) (ONU 2)
2.488 Gbit/s downlink optical port parameter specifications
Networking requirements for a protection Slot Slot Slot Slot GEM GPON encapsulation mode
1.244 Gbit/s uplink optical port parameter specifications 1
switchover
Physical layer overhead allocation 100 200 300 500
GPON gigabit-capable passive optical
2 1 2 3 2 ONU N network
OLT ONU 2 OLT 2 ONU 2 PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
I
5 bytes
ONU registration and activation flows multiple timeslots are allocated to an uplink. ONUs transmit data based Inter-packet gap Port ID ODN optical distribution network
OMCI device management architecture desired data according to GEM port IDs. Port ID
DBA specifications on allocated timeslots. This prevents data conflict. PTI ONU optical network unit
OMCI principles Preamble PTI
Alarms and performance Ingress buffer HEC
SFD CRC OLT optical line terminal
Service Multiplexing Principles
DA P
GPON Parameters OLT
SA
OLT Payload PON passive optical network
Data GFP GEM payload TDM data
Filter
Wavelength/Center US 12901360/1310 ONU 1 Length/Type TDM fragment P2P Point-to-point
GEM port IFgpon GEM port T-CONT IFgpon ONU 1
Wavelength (nm) DS 14801500/1490 Voice TDM/VoIP MAC client data P2MP Point-to-multipoint
Service Supporting
Video GEM-IPTV IFgpon GEM port GEM port filter
FEC S
US 1.244 IFgpon
Bandwidth (Gbit/s) EOF
GEM port SNI service node interface
DS 2.488 TDM GEM T-CONT IFgpon
GEM port ONU N
Filter
IFgpon GEM port T
Line NRZ/FSS Format of DBA packets Standard ONU N Mapping Ethernet frames to GEM frames Mapping TDM data to GEM frames
Protocol T-CONT transmission container
Link ATM/GEM Ranging Equidistant EqD mode
DS US TDMA time division multiple access
Ethernet frames are mapped to GEM frame payloads. TDM packets enter a buffer queue and are encapsulated
Maximum Logical Reach (km) 60 Bandwidth Efficiency 92%
Each Ethernet frame is mapped to one or multiple GEM to GEM frames in a fixed number of bytes for transmission. U
1. OLT data is mapped to GEM ports. 1. ONU data is mapped to GEM ports.
Maximum Physical Reach (km) 20 ONT Management-compliant Protocol OMCI frames. The GPON system transparently transmits the TDM UNI user network interface
2. The OLT broadcasts GEM port data to all ONUs. 2. ONUs transmit data to the OLT based on T-CONT requirements. packets.
Nominal Reach (km) 20 Data Encapsulation Protocol GEM
A GEM frame supports only an Ethernet frame. W
3. ONUs receive the desired data according to GEM port IDs. 3. The OLT restores GEM port data and transmits the data to its service
Split Ratio 1:641:128 Optical Power Budget Class A/B/C processing units. WDM wavelength division multiplexing
Signal recovery Burst receive module ONU 3 Multi-Scenario Multi-Mode Multi-Medium Maximum fiber distance (km) 60
Burst Reception
The OLT optical receive module dynamically and @Home FTTH, FTTC, FTTB, and Copper, optical fiber, coaxial Maximum differential fiber distance(km) 40
ODN reuse
promptly adjusts power threshold based on received @Move FTTDp cable, and electric power cable Split ratio 1:64
Continuous receive module Threshold signals. This prevents signal discarding or signal GPON
recovery faults caused by large attenuation. @Work FTTW and FTTO Wi-Fi and small cell Frame structure XGEM
2010 2011