Expenditure on education as % of GDP or public expenditure [educ_figdp]

Last update 09.02.17

Extracted on 08.03.17
Source of data Eurostat

INDIC_ED Total public expenditure on education as % of

UNIT Percentage

GEO/TIME 2002 2003

European Union (28 countries) 5.00 5.03
European Union (27 countries) 5.00 5.04
European Union (25 countries) 5.03 5.06
Euro area (18 countries) 4.87 4.89
Euro area (17 countries) 4.86 4.89
Euro area (15 countries) 5.01 5.04
Euro area (13 countries) 5.00 5.04
Belgium 6.09 6.02
Bulgaria 3.94 4.09
Czech Republic 4.15 4.32
Denmark 8.44 8.33
Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG) 4.72 4.74
Estonia 5.47 5.29
Ireland 4.27 4.35
Greece 3.57 3.56
Spain 4.25 4.28
France 5.90 5.92
Croatia 3.71 3.93
Italy 4.60 4.72
Cyprus 6.60 7.37
Latvia 6.60 5.58
Lithuania 5.81 5.14
Luxembourg 3.79 3.77
Hungary 5.39 5.91
Malta 4.22 4.48
Netherlands 5.22 5.47
Austria 5.68 5.53
Poland 5.41 5.35
Portugal 5.33 5.38
Romania 3.51 3.45
Slovenia 5.76 5.80
Slovakia 4.31 4.30
Finland 6.22 6.43
Sweden 7.36 7.21
United Kingdom 5.06 5.21
Iceland 6.79 7.70
Liechtenstein 2.96 2.46
Norway 7.58 7.55
expenditure on education as % of GDP, for all levels of education combined

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

4.95 4.92 4.91 4.92 5.04 5.38 5.41 5.25
4.95 4.92 4.91 4.93 5.04 5.38 5.41 5.25
4.98 4.95 4.93 4.95 5.06 5.41 5.46 5.31
4.80 4.72 4.69 4.79 4.94 5.31 5.28 5.15
4.80 4.72 4.69 4.79 4.94 5.31 5.28 5.15
4.96 4.89 4.87 4.81 4.95 5.32 5.29 5.16
4.95 4.89 4.87 4.80 4.94 5.32 5.28 5.15
5.95 5.92 5.98 6.00 6.43 6.57 6.58 6.55
4.40 4.25 4.04 3.88 4.44 4.58 4.10 3.82
4.20 4.08 4.42 4.05 3.92 4.36 4.25 4.51
8.43 8.30 7.97 7.81 7.68 8.74 8.81 8.75
4.62 4.57 4.43 4.49 4.57 5.06 5.08 4.98
4.92 4.88 4.70 4.72 5.61 6.03 5.66 5.16
4.66 4.72 4.73 4.92 5.67 6.43 6.41 6.15
3.83 4.09 : : : : : :
4.25 4.23 4.26 4.34 4.62 5.02 4.98 4.82
5.80 5.67 5.61 5.62 5.62 5.90 5.86 5.68
3.87 3.98 4.04 4.02 4.32 4.42 4.31 4.21
4.56 4.41 4.67 4.27 4.56 4.70 4.50 4.29
6.77 6.95 7.02 6.95 7.45 7.98 7.92 7.87
5.12 5.14 5.13 5.07 5.71 5.59 4.96 4.96
5.17 4.88 4.82 4.64 4.88 5.64 5.36 5.17
3.87 3.78 3.41 3.15 : : : :
5.44 5.46 5.44 5.29 5.10 5.12 4.90 4.71
4.66 6.58 6.45 6.18 5.72 5.32 6.74 7.96
5.50 5.53 5.50 5.32 5.50 5.95 5.98 5.93
5.48 5.44 5.40 5.33 5.47 5.98 5.91 5.80
5.41 5.47 5.25 4.91 5.08 5.09 5.17 4.94
5.10 5.21 5.07 5.10 4.89 5.79 5.62 5.27
3.28 3.48 : 4.25 : 4.24 3.53 3.07
5.74 5.73 5.72 5.15 5.20 5.69 5.68 5.68
4.19 3.85 3.80 3.62 3.61 4.09 4.22 4.06
6.42 6.30 6.18 5.90 6.10 6.81 6.85 6.76
7.09 6.89 6.75 6.61 6.76 7.26 6.98 6.82
5.12 5.31 5.38 5.29 5.28 5.56 6.15 5.98
7.47 7.59 7.55 7.36 7.56 7.81 7.60 7.36
2.43 2.29 2.05 1.92 2.05 2.90 2.68 2.53
7.42 6.97 6.49 6.66 6.40 7.24 6.87 6.66
Switzerland 5.57 5.72
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the 3.35 3.30
Turkey 2.82 2.96
Albania : :
United States 5.32 5.43
Japan 3.60 3.64

Special value:
: not available

INDIC_ED Total public expenditure on education as % of

UNIT Percentage

GEO/TIME 2002 2003

European Union (28 countries) 1.13 1.15
European Union (27 countries) 1.12 1.15
European Union (25 countries) : :
Euro area (18 countries) 1.04 1.05
Euro area (17 countries) 1.04 1.05
Euro area (15 countries) 1.07 1.09
Euro area (13 countries) 1.07 1.09
Belgium 1.36 1.45
Bulgaria 0.73 0.78
Czech Republic 0.67 0.68
Denmark 1.90 1.96
Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG) 0.67 0.67
Estonia 1.53 1.39
Ireland 1.39 1.49
Greece 0.98 1.01
Spain 1.10 1.10
France 1.16 1.19
Croatia 1.81 1.80
Italy 1.19 1.21
Cyprus 1.81 2.06
Latvia 1.24 0.96
Lithuania 1.00 0.76
Luxembourg 2.01 1.94
Hungary 0.96 1.00
Malta 1.06 0.72
Netherlands 1.40 1.48
Austria 1.12 1.09
Poland 1.82 1.79
Portugal 1.65 1.63
Romania 1.26 1.22
Slovenia 2.50 2.56
Slovakia 0.59 0.64
Finland 1.34 1.39
Sweden 2.06 1.99
 5.55 5.52 5.28 4.88 4.95 5.36 5.22 5.28
: : : : : : : :
3.12 : 2.86 : : : : 4.07
: : : : : : : :
5.14 4.91 5.24 5.13 5.26 5.30 5.32 5.13
3.59 3.48 3.46 3.45 3.46 3.61 3.85 3.78

expenditure on education as % of GDP, at primary level of education (ISCED 1)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.14 1.13 1.15 1.15 1.17 1.24 1.23 1.19
1.13 1.12 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.23 1.23 1.19
: : 1.15 1.15 1.18 1.25 1.25 1.21
1.04 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.12 1.10 1.07
1.04 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.12 1.10 1.07
1.07 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.06 1.12 1.11 1.07
1.07 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.06 1.12 1.10 1.07
1.41 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.53 1.50 1.55 1.53
0.84 0.86 0.80 0.77 0.84 0.85 0.80 0.71
0.64 0.59 0.60 0.56 0.58 0.69 0.69 0.73
1.93 1.93 1.89 1.86 1.85 2.13 2.09 1.89
0.66 0.66 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.69 0.69 0.66
1.27 1.23 1.17 1.10 1.43 1.51 1.39 1.26
1.56 1.59 1.60 1.73 2.04 2.30 2.26 2.20
1.06 1.16 : : : : : :
1.10 1.09 1.10 1.10 1.17 1.27 1.27 1.23
1.17 1.15 1.13 1.18 1.16 1.19 1.20 1.18
1.79 1.84 1.71 1.81 1.85 1.86 1.88 1.75
1.18 1.08 1.18 1.07 1.15 1.18 1.12 1.06
1.86 1.90 1.95 1.96 2.07 2.21 2.26 2.27
0.83 0.80 1.30 1.26 1.52 1.58 1.41 1.37
0.74 0.73 0.72 0.67 0.73 0.73 0.90 0.79
2.12 2.05 1.83 1.68 1.21 1.43 1.72 1.72
1.03 1.10 1.06 1.01 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.76
0.98 1.35 1.51 1.35 1.32 1.17 1.46 1.18
1.44 1.42 1.37 1.31 1.34 1.47 1.45 1.41
1.04 1.03 1.00 0.96 0.98 1.04 1.01 0.99
1.70 1.69 1.71 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.60 1.52
1.61 1.60 1.53 1.42 1.41 1.56 1.52 1.46
1.20 1.25 : 0.84 : 0.78 0.58 0.49
2.63 2.62 2.55 2.33 2.35 2.49 1.62 1.60
0.56 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.65 0.75 0.87 0.77
1.37 1.31 1.28 1.20 1.24 1.35 1.36 1.35
1.91 1.81 1.68 1.64 1.66 1.75 1.70 1.65
United Kingdom 1.20 1.33
Iceland 2.65 2.69
Liechtenstein 0.69 0.72
Norway 1.93 2.01
Switzerland 1.55 1.58
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the 2.00 2.02
Turkey 1.29 1.37
Albania : :
United States 1.74 1.72
Japan 1.28 1.29

Special value:
: not available

INDIC_ED Total public expenditure on education as % of

UNIT Percentage

GEO/TIME 2002 2003

European Union (28 countries) 2.27 2.29
European Union (27 countries) 2.27 2.30
European Union (25 countries) : :
Euro area (18 countries) 2.26 2.27
Euro area (17 countries) 2.26 2.27
Euro area (15 countries) 2.32 2.34
Euro area (13 countries) 2.32 2.34
Belgium 2.71 2.56
Bulgaria 1.72 1.83
Czech Republic 2.14 2.23
Denmark 2.89 2.88
Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG) 2.40 2.41
Estonia 2.44 2.55
Ireland 1.63 1.71
Greece 1.26 1.33
Spain 1.76 1.72
France 2.87 2.84
Croatia 0.88 0.91
Italy 2.17 2.29
Cyprus 3.05 3.38
Latvia 3.62 3.13
Lithuania 2.63 2.66
Luxembourg 1.78 1.82
Hungary 2.29 2.71
Malta 2.01 1.51
Netherlands 2.06 2.11
Austria 2.64 2.72
Poland 2.10 2.06
Portugal 2.25 2.20
Romania 0.76 0.71
 1.34 1.40 1.58 1.62 1.67 1.73 1.85 1.84
2.60 2.66 2.61 2.52 2.52 2.55 2.46 2.48
0.71 0.70 0.64 0.59 0.64 1.23 1.19 0.98
1.87 1.75 1.66 1.66 1.61 1.89 1.83 1.70
1.57 1.50 1.41 1.34 1.38 1.50 1.46 1.53
: : : : : : : :
1.55 : 1.33 : : : 1.71 0.95
: : : : : : : :
1.70 1.59 1.67 1.70 1.77 1.78 1.73 1.62
1.27 1.24 1.23 1.22 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.27

expenditure on education as % of GDP, at secondary level of education (ISCED 2-4)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2.23 2.20 2.17 2.17 2.22 2.39 2.37 2.23
2.24 2.20 2.18 2.18 2.23 2.39 2.38 2.24
: : 2.19 2.19 2.24 2.41 2.41 2.27
2.20 2.16 2.13 2.15 2.20 2.37 2.34 2.26
2.20 2.16 2.13 2.15 2.20 2.37 2.34 2.26
2.27 2.24 2.21 2.16 2.21 2.38 2.35 2.27
2.27 2.24 2.21 2.15 2.20 2.37 2.35 2.26
2.56 2.55 2.55 2.58 2.78 2.85 2.80 2.80
2.02 1.95 1.81 1.73 1.89 1.87 1.76 1.59
2.17 2.14 2.13 1.96 1.92 2.06 1.98 1.96
2.94 3.02 2.95 2.80 2.76 2.94 3.04 2.81
2.33 2.29 2.19 2.25 2.23 2.48 2.46 2.37
2.45 2.33 2.28 2.19 2.51 2.68 2.57 2.17
2.00 2.03 1.99 2.04 2.31 2.55 2.62 2.52
1.34 1.45 : : : : : :
1.69 1.67 1.67 1.66 1.74 1.88 1.84 1.79
2.76 2.68 2.64 2.56 2.58 2.69 2.66 2.54
0.89 0.91 0.90 0.86 0.92 1.06 0.98 0.86
2.16 2.11 2.23 1.97 2.08 2.18 2.08 1.96
3.08 3.12 3.08 3.04 3.16 3.30 3.14 3.09
2.93 2.80 2.24 2.14 2.35 2.27 1.93 1.75
2.71 2.54 2.51 2.40 2.59 3.03 2.51 2.21
1.75 1.73 1.58 1.46 1.83 1.94 1.71 1.53
2.46 2.36 2.34 2.33 2.25 2.22 2.07 1.96
1.86 2.84 2.95 2.75 3.02 2.61 3.25 5.25
2.17 2.19 2.20 2.16 2.24 2.43 2.44 2.39
2.61 2.52 2.54 2.49 2.55 2.82 2.65 2.66
2.01 2.04 2.05 1.89 1.89 1.92 1.87 1.76
2.12 2.13 2.05 2.02 2.06 2.60 2.48 2.30
0.73 0.77 : 1.52 : 1.53 1.28 1.07
Slovenia 1.41 1.41
Slovakia 2.29 2.17
Finland 2.52 2.64
Sweden 2.71 2.66
United Kingdom 2.39 2.51
Iceland 2.60 2.52
Liechtenstein 0.80 1.06
Norway 2.51 2.72
Switzerland 2.34 2.34
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the 0.80 0.79
Turkey 0.58 0.63
Albania : :
United States 1.88 1.98
Japan 1.43 1.42

Special value:
: not available

INDIC_ED Total public expenditure on education as % of

UNIT Percentage

GEO/TIME 2002 2003

European Union (28 countries) 1.12 1.11
European Union (27 countries) 1.12 1.12
European Union (25 countries) : :
Euro area (18 countries) 1.09 1.09
Euro area (17 countries) 1.09 1.09
Euro area (15 countries) 1.13 1.13
Euro area (13 countries) 1.13 1.13
Belgium 1.32 1.31
Bulgaria 0.81 0.81
Czech Republic 0.83 0.90
Denmark 2.70 2.50
Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG) 1.16 1.20
Estonia 1.08 1.02
Ireland 1.18 1.08
Greece 1.16 1.10
Spain 0.97 0.99
France 1.22 1.23
Croatia 0.59 0.73
Italy 0.85 0.78
Cyprus 1.39 1.57
Latvia 0.98 0.77
Lithuania 1.39 0.99
Luxembourg : :
Hungary 1.23 1.22
Malta 0.87 0.78
Netherlands 1.36 1.45
 1.34 1.38 1.42 1.16 1.15 1.25 2.11 2.07
2.11 1.88 1.76 1.69 1.65 1.93 1.98 1.81
2.63 2.64 2.61 2.51 2.61 2.90 2.91 2.84
2.66 2.65 2.64 2.58 2.60 2.75 2.55 2.47
2.45 2.41 2.33 2.40 2.49 2.73 2.97 2.49
2.60 2.56 2.54 2.40 2.41 2.50 2.37 2.34
1.05 1.09 0.98 0.92 1.10 1.30 1.15 1.24
2.61 2.33 2.28 2.33 2.23 2.54 2.43 2.28
2.25 2.28 2.17 2.06 2.06 2.22 2.16 2.10
: : : : : : : :
0.68 : 0.62 : : : 0.82 1.41
: : : : : : : :
1.88 1.77 1.87 1.89 1.95 1.99 1.88 1.84
1.37 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.30 1.33 1.47 1.44

expenditure on education as % of GDP, at tertiary level of education (ISCED 5-6)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.10 1.12 1.10 1.11 1.14 1.21 1.25 1.27
1.10 1.13 1.10 1.11 1.14 1.21 1.25 1.27
: : 1.10 1.11 1.14 1.21 1.26 1.28
1.09 1.08 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.26 1.28 1.27
1.09 1.08 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.26 1.28 1.27
1.12 1.12 1.11 1.12 1.18 1.27 1.28 1.28
1.12 1.12 1.11 1.12 1.18 1.27 1.28 1.27
1.29 1.28 1.32 1.30 1.37 1.47 1.46 1.44
0.78 0.72 0.70 0.64 0.86 0.95 0.61 0.65
0.90 0.86 1.18 1.03 0.93 1.01 0.96 1.16
2.51 2.38 2.26 2.28 2.17 2.42 2.41 2.44
1.17 1.15 1.11 1.14 1.22 1.34 1.38 1.40
0.86 0.92 0.90 1.04 1.12 1.33 1.23 1.29
1.09 1.10 1.13 1.15 1.32 1.53 1.42 1.34
1.33 1.48 : : : : : :
0.97 0.95 0.95 0.99 1.07 1.15 1.17 1.13
1.21 1.20 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.34 1.33 1.29
0.70 0.75 0.86 0.80 0.95 0.83 0.79 0.93
0.77 0.76 0.77 0.75 0.84 0.86 0.84 0.83
1.49 1.59 1.65 1.62 1.86 2.06 2.12 2.11
0.69 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.99 0.78 0.79 1.01
1.06 1.02 0.99 1.01 1.03 1.14 1.26 1.47
: : : : : : : :
1.02 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.13 0.98 1.10
0.51 1.03 0.97 0.93 1.01 1.16 1.54 1.11
1.47 1.49 1.52 1.46 1.53 1.63 1.68 1.72
Austria 1.28 1.30
Poland 1.05 1.02
Portugal 0.92 0.97
Romania 0.70 0.68
Slovenia 1.27 1.29
Slovakia 0.87 0.85
Finland 2.02 2.06
Sweden 2.09 2.08
United Kingdom 1.04 1.03
Iceland 1.25 1.33
Liechtenstein 0.35 0.32
Norway 2.08 2.29
Switzerland 1.37 1.47
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the 0.55 0.50
Turkey 0.95 0.96
Albania : :
United States 1.34 1.43
Japan 0.54 0.61

Special value:
: not available

INDIC_ED Total public expenditure on education as % of

UNIT Percentage

GEO/TIME 2002 2003

European Union (28 countries) 0.49 0.48
European Union (27 countries) 0.49 0.48
European Union (25 countries) : :
Euro area (18 countries) 0.47 0.48
Euro area (17 countries) 0.47 0.48
Euro area (15 countries) 0.49 0.49
Euro area (13 countries) 0.49 0.49
Belgium 0.70 0.71
Bulgaria 0.67 0.67
Czech Republic 0.51 0.52
Denmark 0.94 0.99
Germany (until 1990 former territory of the FRG) 0.49 0.46
Estonia 0.42 0.33
Ireland 0.07 0.07
Greece 0.17 0.11
Spain 0.42 0.46
France 0.65 0.67
Croatia 0.44 0.49
Italy 0.39 0.44
Cyprus 0.35 0.36
Latvia 0.77 0.72
Lithuania 0.78 0.73
 1.43 1.48 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.57 1.64 1.56
1.15 1.19 0.96 0.93 1.04 1.07 1.18 1.13
0.80 0.95 0.97 1.16 0.95 1.07 1.13 1.04
0.70 0.81 : 1.12 : 1.20 1.00 0.85
1.30 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.21 1.38 1.37 1.37
0.98 0.81 0.90 0.79 0.78 0.81 0.83 0.95
2.07 2.00 1.96 1.85 1.89 2.16 2.18 2.17
2.02 1.89 1.81 1.79 1.82 2.04 2.03 1.98
0.99 1.18 1.08 0.92 0.83 0.80 1.01 1.32
1.39 1.45 1.36 1.39 1.49 1.59 1.63 1.43
0.34 0.20 0.19 0.17 : : : :
2.38 2.26 2.05 2.13 2.05 2.20 2.04 2.12
1.42 1.41 1.39 1.14 1.22 1.35 1.32 1.37
: : : : : : : :
0.87 : 0.91 : : : : 1.54
: : : : : : : :
1.25 1.27 1.38 1.22 1.23 1.20 1.36 1.34
0.64 0.60 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.72 0.75 0.76

expenditure on education as % of GDP, at pre-primary level of education (ISCED 0) and not allocated by level

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0.48 0.47 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.56 0.56 0.57
0.48 0.47 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.56 0.56 0.57
: : 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.55 0.55 0.56
0.48 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.58 0.57 0.56
0.48 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.58 0.57 0.56
0.49 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.57 0.57 0.56
0.49 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.58 0.57 0.56
0.69 0.69 0.71 0.71 0.75 0.75 0.78 0.78
0.76 0.72 0.74 0.74 0.85 0.91 0.92 0.88
0.48 0.49 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.60 0.63 0.66
1.04 0.97 0.87 0.87 0.90 1.25 1.27 1.61
0.47 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.56
0.35 0.39 0.35 0.39 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.44
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.10
0.11 : : : : : : :
0.48 0.52 0.55 0.59 0.64 0.72 0.70 0.68
0.67 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.68 0.68 0.66
0.49 0.49 0.57 0.55 0.60 0.67 0.66 0.66
0.45 0.46 0.50 0.47 0.49 0.48 0.45 0.44
0.34 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.35 0.41 0.40 0.41
0.66 0.64 0.67 0.73 0.85 0.97 0.84 0.82
0.66 0.59 0.59 0.56 0.52 0.74 0.69 0.71
Luxembourg : :
Hungary 0.91 0.98
Malta 0.28 1.47
Netherlands 0.40 0.43
Austria 0.63 0.42
Poland 0.43 0.48
Portugal 0.51 0.57
Romania 0.79 0.83
Slovenia 0.57 0.54
Slovakia 0.55 0.64
Finland 0.33 0.34
Sweden 0.50 0.49
United Kingdom 0.43 0.34
Iceland 0.29 1.16
Liechtenstein 1.12 0.36
Norway 1.05 0.52
Switzerland 0.31 0.33
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the : :
Turkey : :
Albania : :
United States 0.36 0.30
Japan 0.35 0.32

Special value:
: not available
: : : : 0.51 0.62 0.76 0.75
0.93 0.97 1.00 0.91 0.96 0.91 0.97 0.89
1.31 1.35 1.02 1.15 0.37 0.37 0.50 0.42
0.42 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.41
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.46 0.55 0.61 0.59
0.55 0.54 0.53 0.50 0.57 0.52 0.52 0.54
0.57 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.55 0.50 0.47
0.66 0.65 : 0.77 : 0.73 0.66 0.67
0.48 0.48 0.51 0.46 0.49 0.57 0.59 0.65
0.54 0.50 0.47 0.47 0.53 0.60 0.54 0.53
0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.40 0.40 0.40
0.50 0.54 0.59 0.60 0.67 0.73 0.71 0.72
0.34 0.31 0.38 0.35 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.33
0.89 0.93 1.04 1.05 1.13 1.17 1.14 1.12
0.34 0.30 0.25 0.24 0.31 0.37 0.33 0.32
0.56 0.65 0.50 0.54 0.51 0.61 0.58 0.55
0.32 0.32 0.31 0.34 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.28
: : : : : : : :
0.02 : : : : : 0.04 0.17
: : : : : : : :
0.30 0.29 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.33
0.31 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31