ABSTRACT

Long Term Evolution is the next step forward in cellular 3G services. Expected in the 2008 time frame, LTE is
a 3GPP standard that provides for an uplink speed of up to 50 megabits per second and a downlink speed of up
to 100 Mbps. LTE will bring many technical benefits to cellular networks. This technology will suit the needs
of different network operators that have different bandwidth allocations, and also allow operators to provide
different services based on spectrum. LTE is also expected to improve spectral efficiency in 3G networks,
allowing carriers to provide more data and voice services over a given bandwidth. The need to run more
application on Wireless Network is the demand of the hour. Companies are building more and more
applications that can run effectively on wireless technology. LTE technology is the upward compatible
technology to High Speed Packet Access and support higher rate of data transfer. LTE wireless network that
support global roaming across multiple wireless and mobile network users will have access to different
services, increased coverage, the convenience of single device and more reliable wireless access.

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 DECLARATION

I, Punith Kumar H P bearing the USN:1BH13EC019, studying in the final semester of

Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering at Bangalore Technological
Institute, Bangalore, hereby declare that this seminar work entitled Long Term Evolution which is
being submitted by me in the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, from Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi is an authentic
record of me carried out during academic year 2016-2017, under the guidance of Prof. Darshitha K S,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Bangalore Technological Institute,
Bangalore,

I further undertake that the matter embodied in the dissertation has not been submitted
previously for the award of any degree or diploma by me to any other university or institution.

Place: Bangalore Punith Kumar H P

Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of this seminar report would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, without whose constant guidance
and encouragement would have made efforts go in vain.

I am proud to be part of Bangalore Technological Institute for providing such healthy

environment for successful completion of seminar work.

I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. H. S. Nanda, Principal, Bangalore Technological Institute,

Bangalore, for providing a congenial working environment.

I also oblige and thank Prof. Deepa T., Head of the Department, Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Bangalore Technological Institute, Bangalore, for giving me the support and
encouragement that was necessary throughout my studies.

I convey thanks to my seminar guide Prof. Darshitha K S, Assistant Professor, Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Bangalore Technological Institute, Bangalore, for her encouragement and
support constant support and guidance which was of a great help to complete this work successfully.

I would like to thank the teaching and non-teaching staff members of Electronics and
Communication Department who have helped me directly or indirectly for the successful completion of
the seminar work.

Finally, I would like to thank our parents, friends and for all who supported a lot in the successful
completion of the work.

Punith Kumar H P
(1BH13EC019)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract i
Declaration ii
Acknowledgements iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
List of Acronym vii

Chapter Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. HISTORY OF LTE 3

3. LONG TERM EVOLUTION 8

4. APPLICATIONS 19

5. LTE ADVANCED 22

CONCLUSION 24

REFERENCES 25

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 List of Figures

Fig 2.1: HSDPA Architecture 4

Fig 2.2: HSUPA Architecture 5
Fig 2.3: Working of WiMAX 6
Fig 3.1: OFDM scheme 11
Fig 3.2: MIMO Smart Antenna Technology 12

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 List of Tables

Table 3.4.1: Comparison between UMTS and LTE 15

Table 3.4.2: Differences in service 16

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 List of Acronym

LTE Long Term Evolution

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
RAN Radio Access Network
RNC Radio Network Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
UE User Equipment
HSUPA High Speed Uplink Data Access
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
4G Fourth Generation
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access.
WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
MIMO Multiple-input multiple-output
OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
OFDMA Orthogonal frequency division multiple access

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EPC Evolved Packet Core
SC-FDMA Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
PAR Peak To Average
MISO Multiple Input, Single Output
SIMO Single Input, Multiple Output
SAE System Architecture Evolution
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
AVL Automatic Vehicle Location
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
TDD Time Division Duplex
IMT International Mobiles Telecommunication
PCC Personal Computing And Communication