Performance Chemicals

Alcoflood 955 & 254S

with inorganic and organic crosslinkers

Conformance control and Water shut off polymers

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Performance Chemicals
Water control definitions
conformance control polymer
The application of processes to
reservoirs (via injection wells) to correct
or improve fluid flow patterns - sweep
efficiency- , which have been caused by
viscous fingering, reservoir heterogenity
or long term water flooding.
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water shut off polymer
The application of processes to
decrease water influx into production
wells.
Can cause scale formation, high water
saturation and low oil mobility, inhibiting
oil production.
INTERNAL 2
Performance Chemicals
Water control polymers
Alcoflood 955
conformance control polymer
high molecular weight polyacrylamide
copolymer.
has good solubility characteristics over
a wide range of salinities.
It can be cross-linked with metal and
organic cross-linking agents to form
gels.
It is designed for formulation of flowing
gels in fracture reservoirs or to modify
reservoir permeability characteristics
and improve injection and production
profiles
Appearance: white granular powder
Bulk density: approx. 0.8 g/cm
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Alcoflood 254S
water shut off polymer
low molecular weight polyacrylamide.
polymerIt dissolves readily in fresh
water and brines.
forms strong, temperature tolerant
gels when cross-linked.
It can be used with Chromium Acetate
cross-linking agent or with organic
cross-linking agents.
Its principal use is formulation of rigid
gels to control water production in
sealing fractures or water coning
Appearance: white microbead
Bulk density: approx. 0.75g/cm
3
Performance Chemicals

Water control polymers

Alcoflood 955
conformance control polymer
1% Alcoflood 955 solution with 0.1%
Chromium acetate as 50% aqueous
solution
T=80C, pH~6.5, visual gel evaluation
Alcoflood 254S
water shut off polymer
5% Alcoflood 254 S solution with 0.1%
Chromium acetate as 50% aqueous
solution
T=80C, pH~6.5, visual gel evaluation

Gel build up time: Gel build up time:

fresh water: 60 min fresh water: 40 min
field brine: 65 min field brine: 45 min

Tounging gel ringing gel

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Performance Chemicals

Alcoflood 955
Rheological properties

Dosage dependent viscosity at Low shear rate viscosity:1%

room temperature in fresh water polymer in fresh water

Low Shear Brookfied Viscosity [cP]

6000 0,2
fresh water
5000 23C
Brookfield viscosity [cP]

0,15 40C
NDIIa
4000 60C

3000 0,1

2000
0,05
1000

0
0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
polymer dosage [weight%]
Shear rate [1/s]

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Performance Chemicals

Water control
Gel shear strength parameters
Formation type and Environment Polymer System
Temperature & pressure Polymer dose
Salinity of the formation water Crosslinker dose
Formation composition => pH Retarder/accelerator dose

Conditions: fresh water, 80C, final strength after 8h

4000 4000

shear strength [lbs/100fts]

Shear strength [lbs/100fts]

1.0% Alcoflood 955

3000 3000
5.0% Alcoflood 254S
2000 2000

1000 1000

0 0
0.025 0.050 0.025 0.050 0.025 0.050 0.100 0.025
Chromium Acetate dosage [weight%] Chromium Acetate dosage [weight%]

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Performance Chemicals

Alcoflood 254S
Temperature & crosslinker effects
Gel strength development depends on temperature and crosslinker
dosage

Conditions: 5% Alcoflood 254S in Conditions: 5% Alcoflood 254S in

fresh water, 0.5 weight % Cr acetate fresh water, 80C

600
time to gel code B [min]

500

400 > 10 h
300

200

100 80 min
40 min
0
23 60 80
Temperature [C]

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Performance Chemicals

Alcoflood 254S
Retarder & accelerator effect
Gel time with Cr3+ acetate as crosslinker can be controlled with sodium lactate as
retarder for high temperatures and with sodium thiosulfate as accelerator for low
temperatures

Example: 5% Alcoflood 254S with 0.25% Cr acetate as crosslinker

100
T = 80C T = 20C
80 40
0.5% 0.5%
gel time [min]

gel time [h]

60 NaC3H5O3 Na2S2O5
30

40 20

20 10

0 0
without retarder with retarder without accelerator with accelerator

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Performance Chemicals

Polyethylen imine (PEI)

Organic crosslinker
Polyethylenimine polymer act as organic G100 PS

crosslinker for Alcoflood 254S and Average molar mass

[g/mol] 5000 750000
(GPC, BASF method)
Alcoflood 955 Viscosity

Alcoflood polymers contain acrylamide

[cPs] 1100 1700
(ISO 2555, Brookfield)
Concentration
[%] 50 33
pendant groups which react with PEI (ISO 3251)

nitogens trough a transamidation reaction Water content

(DIN 53715, K. Fischer)
[%] 50 67

Lupasol PS is a high molecular weight PEI Refarctive index

(DIN 51423, 20C)
1450 1409
which provides a low dense polymer pH (15 dry substance in
11 11
network dist. H2O)

Lupasol G 100 is a low molecular weight pH (as supplied) 13 13

PEI which provides a high dense polymer Density

(DIN 5157, 20C)
[g/cm] 1.08 1.08

network Charge density

[meq/g TS] 16 20
The Alcoflood / Lupasol gel system gels
(cationic)
Pour point
[C] -18 -5
which can penetrate up to 2 feet into the (ISO 3016)
Ratio of prim./sec./tert.
formation to shut off water influx (13C NMR)
1/1/0.7 1/1/0.7

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Performance Chemicals

Alcoflood 254S
PEI vs Cr-Acetate first comparision
5% Alcoflood 254S
with 2% Lupasol PS
5000 4587
T = 80C
fresh water

shear strength [lbs/100fts]

4000

3056,7
3000

2000

1000

0
Alcoflood 254S 5% + Alcoflood 254S 5% +
500 ppm Cr-Acetat 2% Lupasol PS

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Performance Chemicals

Alcoflood 254S and PEI as crosslinker

Concentration and temperature effects

Gel build up time depends on Lupasol crosslinker dosage and on

temperature
Conditions: 5% Alcoflood 254S, Conditions: 5% Alcoflood 254S,
fresh water at 80C fresh water, 2%Lupasol PS
8 3

Time to gel code B [h]

2,5
Time to gel code B [h]

6
2
4 1,5
1
2
0,5
0 0
0 1 2 3 40 50 60 70 80 90
dosage PEI PS [vol%] temperature [C]

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Performance Chemicals

Alcoflood 254S
effect of the PEI type
Gel strength development measured with HTHP consistometer
Conditions: 5% Alcoflood fresh water, 80C, 5200 psi
PEI G100 with 5% Alcoflood 254S PEI PS with 5% Alcoflood 254S

Mw, charge density and PEI architecture have an influence in the gel time

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Performance Chemicals

INTERNAL
Performance Chemicals

BASF
North Sea synthetic NDIIA
internal
brine field brine
brine
Salt Amount (g/L) (g/L) (g/L) (g/L)
NaCl 26,29 23,49 196,12 132,0
Na2SO4-10 H2O 8,89 0,09 0,27
KCl 0,72 1,49
Na2B4O7 4,69
MgCl2-6H2O 10,64 20,36 22,42
CaCl2-2H2O 2,25 2,19 81,01 56,43
NaHCO3 0,19 0,2 0,2
MgSO4-7 H2O 6,57
211,12
sum 39,99 g/L 46,13 g/L 299,27 g/L
g/L

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Performance Chemicals

A no visible gel was formed. The gel appears to have the same viscosity as the original
polymer solution
B - highly fluent gel. The gel appears to be only a little more sticky than the original polymer
solution
C - fluent gel. Most of the gel flows into the bottle neck and back
D moderately fluent gel. A small ration ( approx. 5 15 %) of the gel flues into the bottleneck
and back. Usually this is characterized as a tounging gel.
E hardly fluent gel. The gel does not fluw into the bottle neck
G moderately deformable but not fluent gel.
H little deformable but not fluent gel. The surface is bending when the jar is turned upside
down.
I rigid gel. No surface bending is visible
J ringing gel. The ringing can be felt after knocking on the jar

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Performance Chemicals

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