SKMM2323 Fluid Mechanics 2 Sem2/20152016

Assignment #2 Ideal Flow Theory

(Submission date: 4th May 2017)

1. By referring to the given figure, derive the two-dimensional continuity equation in Cartesian
coordinate

2. By referring to the given figure, show that the vorticity also can be defined as the circulation
per unit of enclosed area as follow
v u

A x y

Circulation around a rectangular fluid element

3. The stream function for an incompressible, two-dimensional flow field is

(a) 3x 2 y y 3

(b) x 2x 2 2 y 2

(c) 9 6 x 4 y 7 xy

Prove that the flow field is irrotational. Then, determine the velocity potential of the flow
field.

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4. Determine the stream function for the following velocity potential

(a) y x2 y2

(b) x2 y 1

5. Velocity components of a fluid flow are given by

a a
u 1 2 sin , u r 1 2 cos
r r

Examine whether these velocity components represent a physically possible two-dimensional

flow. Determine whether the flow is rotational or irrotational.

6. The velocity potential function for an incompressible, two dimensional flow is expressed as

x2 y2

(a) Determine the velocity components

(b) Show that the velocity components satisfy the continuity equation and irrotational
(c) Determine the stream function and the flowrate between the streamlines (2,0) and (2,2)
(d) Show that the streamlines and potential lines intersect orthogonally at the point (2,2)

7. (a) A Rankine-body is formed from the combination of uniform flow in positive x-direction U
m/s with source at the origin. Show that the velocity of the flow at any point is given by

2
2 = 2 (1 + 2 + 2 )

where

U is the uniform flow velocity

rs is the distance of stagnation point from the origin

(b) The shape of a hill arising from a plain can be approximated with the top section of a half-
body as shown in Fig. Q7. The height of the hill approaches 60 m.
(i) When a 50 km/hr wind blows toward the hill, what is the magnitude of the air velocity at a
point on the hill directly above the origin [point(2)]?
(ii) What is the elevation point (2) above the plain.
(iii) What is the different in pressure between point (1) on the plain far from the hill and point
(2)?
Assume air density of 1.23 kg/m3

2
 rs

Fig. Q7

8. One end of a pond has a shoreline that resembles a half-body as shown in Fig. Q8. A
vertical porous pipe is located near the end of the pond so that water can be pumped out.
When water is pumped at the rate of 0.08 m3/s through a 3-m-long pipe,what will be the
velocity at point A? Hint: Consider the flow inside a half-body.

Fig. Q8

9. (a) What is vorticity? If a radial velocity component, ur and tangential velocity component, u
at any points can be expressed as
1
= and =

show that the vorticity equation, is

2 1 1 2
= [ 2 + + 2 2 ] = 2

(b) If a radial velocity component, ur and tangential velocity component, u at any points of a
streamline, of a free stream velocity, U over a rotating cylinder of radius, r and circulation,
are given as
2
= (1 2 ) sin

2
= (1 + 2 ) cos + 2

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 (i) determine the streamline function,
(ii) show that the flow is irrotational
(iii) determine the stagnation points coordinate if, = 2
(iv) sketch the flow field streamlines and indicate its direction and stagnation points
location

10. Consider water at 20o C flowing past a 1 m in diameter cylinder. If circulation is added to the
cylinder flow sufficient to place the stagnation points at = 35o and 145o.
(a) What is the required vortex strength, K in m2/s?
(b) If the stream pressure is 200 kPa, compute the resulting pressure and surface velocity at
(i) the stagnation points
(ii) point on the surface where = 90o and = 270o
Given that water@20oC = 998 kg/m3