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STATICS LABORATORY
COP
ULASAN DITERIMA/APPROVED
PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS STAMP
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
COURSE INFORMATION
COURSE TITLE: ENGINEERING LABORATORY I (BDA17001)
TOPIC 4: PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
The principle of moments is frequently used in engineering and building work
where forces have to be balanced to prevent any turning movement. It can
be applied both to parallel forces and to oblique forces. If a body has several
forces applied to it which have turning effects in opposite directions, the body
will not turn if the total turning moment in each direction are equal. This is
called Principle of moments.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objective of this experiment is to verify the principle of moments for
parallel and non-parallel forces.
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, the students will be able to display basic skills and
knowledge of principle of moments using laboratory equipments, analyze
observable data obtained from principle of moments experiment properly,
work effectively in a group through laboratory experiment and presentation
and demonstrate comprehension of the general ideas of the topic through
written report that comply with specified standards.
4. THEORY
A concept often used in mechanics is the principle of moments, which is
sometimes referred to as a Varignons theorem since it was originally
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
The principle of moments states that the moment of a force about a point is
equal to the sum of the moments of the forces components about the point.
For a body in equilibrium or not rotate:
So,
F1d1 - F2d2 = 0
F1 d 2
F2 d1
.. (2)
F d1 d2
F
d
d
F1 F2
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
BDA17001-2012 6
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
5. EQUIPMENTS
6. PROCEDURES
1. Set up the panel board as shown in Figure 2. Ensure pivot bar is in
balance and attached pulley using bolt and nut.
2.
Pivot bar
Figure 2
Weight Hook
Pulley
d1 d2
2N 2N
d1 d2
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2N F2
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
d1
2N
d2
F2
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d1
d2
2N
F2
7. RESULT
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Table 2: Results
F1 d1 M1 F2 d2 M2 M1 - M 2 F1 d2
(N) (m) (Nm) (N) (m) (Nm) (Nm) F2 d1
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 2.00 0.16 0.32 0.00 1.00 1.00
4.3a
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 3.20 0.10 0.32 0.00 0.62 0.62
4.3b
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 3.50 0.09 0.32 0.00 0.57 0.56
4.3c
Figure
2.00 0.16 0.32 4.00 0.08 0.32 0.00 0.50 0.50
4.3d
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
8. CALCULATON
1. Calculate the Moment for Left Pivot Bar and Right Pivot Bar.
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Ratio of distance
Figure 4.3 (a)
2 N 2 N = 1.00
Ratio of distance
Figure 4.3 (a)
0.16m 0.16m = 1
9. OBSERVATIONS
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
For the test1, the distance of force for left pivot bar was equal to the
distance for left pivot bar from the centre pivot bar. The force of F1 and F2
are equal, sop the total value of moment is equal to zero. Thus, it is in
equilibrium.
For test2, the F1 is maintain and small than F2 because the load require
for right pivot is more than left pivot to balance the pivot bar. Thus, the
ratios of force and distance small. The distance of right pivot was shorter
than then distance of left pivot.
All the experiment was success because the total moment equal to zero
according to the theory. From my observation, the ratio of force equal to
the ratio of distance. This experiment obey the principle of moment state
that the moment of clockwise equal to the moment of anticlockwise.
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
10. DISCUSSIONS
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
3. If the moment is nonzero, what are the factors may influence the
experiment.
10.1 QUESTIONS
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
2. What does the principles of Moment state about the turning moments
of forces acting on a body?
It will produce a tendency for the body to rotate about a point that is
not on the line of action of the force. It is called simply the moment.
The larger the force or the longer the moment arm, the greater the
moment or turning effect. If the force applied at an angle, 90, then
it will be more difficult for turning occur. It moment arm will be zero
since the line of action of force will intersects to the z-axis. As the
result, the moment of force about z-axis is also zero and the turning
moment of forces cannot occur.
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
11. CONCLUSION
12. REFERENCES
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
-Http://En.Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Moment_(Physics)
-Http://Www.S-Cool.Co.Uk/A-Level/Physics/Moments-Couples-And-
Equilibrium/Revise-It/The-Principle-Of-Moments
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