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2011, Vol. 13, No. 2, 50-55 The Euroregional Center for Applied Psychology
The curent study sought to identify the role that personality factors, life satisfaction and spirituality
have in explaining the psychological well-being. The non-experimental research was performed on a
sample of 88 participants, aged between 19 and 55 years, using The D.E.C.A.S. Personality Inventory
(Sava, 2008), The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, 1985), The Psychological Well-Being Scale
(Ryff, 1989) and The Spiritual Assessment Inventory (Hall & Edwards, 2002). The results indicate
that personality, life satisfaction and spirituality explain an important variance of individuals
psychological well-being.
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prezint matricea de corelaii dintre variabilele acestui distribuie asimetric pozitiv, va fi exclus din toate
studiu. Analiza prealabil a indicatorilor de oblicitate analizele realizate.n continuare, tabelul 2 prezint
(skewness) i de boltire (kurtosis) arat faptul c rezultatele regresiei multiliniare de tip ierarhic, avnd ca
distribuiile variabilelor incluse n analiz nu deviaz variabil dependent starea psihologic de bine.
substanial de la normalitate, cu excepia variabilei
instabilitate. Astfel, deoarece aceast variabil are o
n tabelul 2 sunt prezentate rezultatele regresiei n cel de-al treilea pas se adaug ca i predictori
multiliniare de tip ierarhic, avnd ca variabil dependent satisfacia fa de via i dezamgirea pe plan spiritual.
starea psihologic de bine. n primul pas, predictorii au fost Dintre acetia, doar satisfacia fa de via are un potenial
genul i vrsta participanilor. Dintre acetia, doar vrsta explicativ semnificativ ( = .32, p < .01). Dintre predictorii
are un potenial explicativ semnificativ ( = -.27, p < .05). anteriori, att stabilitatea emoional ( = .38, p < .01) ct
Puterea explicativ a modelului este de 9,1% (R = .091). i vrsta ( = -.30, p < .01) i menin potenialul explicativ
semnificativ. Noii predictori aduc un plus explicativ
Tabelul 2: Rezultatele analizei de regresie pentru starea semnificativ de 8,6% (R = .086, p < .01), mai ales prin
psihologic de bine intermediul relaiei pozitive dintre satisfacia n via i
Variabile R R starea de bine psihologic. Puterea explicativ a noului
Pasul 1 .091 .091* model ajunge astfel la 53,2% (R = .532), susinnd
Gen -.19 importana satisfaciei n via pentru starea psihologic de
Vrsta -.27* bine.
Pasul 2 .445 .355** Astfel, 53,2% din variaia strii de bine se datoreaz
Gen .07 variabilei demografice vrst, a factorilor de personalitate,
Vrsta -.28** a satisfaciei fa de via i a dezamgirii din punct de
Deschidere .14
vedere spiritual.
Extraversiune .16
Contiinciozitate -.02
Agreabilitate .14 Discuii
Stabilitate emoional .51**
Pasul 3 .532 .086** Cercetarea prezent a avut ca obiectiv analizarea
Gen .13 utilitii combinrii modelului Big Five de personalitate, a
Vrsta -.30** satisfaciei fa de via i a particularitilor maturitii
Deschidere .17 spirituale n explicarea strii psihologice de bine.
Extraversiune .05 Rezultatele obinute arat c vrsta reprezint un factor
Contiinciozitate -.09 explicativ semnificativ pentru starea psihologic de bine,
Agreabilitate .09 participanii mai tineri experimentnd o stare psihologic
Stabilitate emoional .38** de bine mai ridicat. n condiiile n care persoanele au
Satisfacia fa de via .32** aceeai vrst i acelai sex ca n eantionul ales,
Dezamgire dpdv spiritual -.11 stabilitatea emoional contribuie semnificativ statistic la
Not: * p < .05, ** p < .01 starea psihologic de bine. Altfel spus, la subiecii care
experimenteaz mai multe afecte pozitive, o stabilitate
n cel de-al doilea pas se adaug ca i predicatori emoional ridicat contribuie semnificativ la evaluarea
factorii de personalitate ai modelului Big Five. Dintre pozitiv a strii psihologice de bine. n consecin,
acetia, singurul predictor semnificativ este stabilitatea rezultatele obinute arat c dintre factorii de personalitate,
emoional ( = .51, p < .01). Dintre predictorii anteriori, stabilitatea emoional are un rol explicativ important n
vrsta i menine potenialul explicativ semnificativ ( = - experimentarea unei stri psihologice de bine crescute.
.28, p < .01). Factorii de personalitate aduc un plus Datele obinute n studiul de fa sunt concordante cu cele
explicativ semnificativ de 35,5% (R = .355, p < .01). din studiile anterioare (Harkner & Keltner, 2001),
Puterea explicativ a noului model ajunge astfel la 44,5% susinnd potenialul explicativ al stabilitii emoionale
(R = .445), susinnd potenialul explicativ al factorilor de pentru starea psihologic de bine.
personalitate, n special prin intermediul legturii pozitive De asemenea, conform rezultatelor studiului de fa,
a stabilitii emoionale cu starea psihologic de bine. satisfacia fa de via este un factor explicativ puternic
semnificativ pentru starea psihologic de bine. Acest lucru
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Satisfacia fa de via i spiritualitatea
nseamn c participanii care nregistreaz mai multe prezice att nivelul crescut al satisfaciei fa de via
afecte pozitive i mai puine afecte negative i i evalueaz (starea subiectiv de bine), ct i starea psihologic de
pozitiv satisfacia lor fa de via, tind s nregistreze bine, constituindu-se ntr-un factor explicativ important al
niveluri mai ridicate ale strii psihologice de bine. Aceste strii psihologice de bine. n conformitate cu studiul
rezultate sunt n concordan cu cele ale altor studii nostru, spiritualitatea reprezint un aspect important ce
(Keyes et al., 2002), evideniind potenialul explicativ al trebuie considerat n contextul evalurii strii psihologice
satisfaciei fa de via n obinerea unei stri psihologice de bine i a strii subiective de bine. Starea psihologic de
de bine ridicate. bine i satisfacia fa de via sunt reduse de existena
Rezultatele cercetrii noastre evideniaz c unei spiritualiti imature, de calitate redus, obiectivat n
dezamgirea, ca dimensiune a spiritualitii coreleaz studiul de fa prin dimensiunea dezamgire a
negativ puternic semnificativ cu stabilitatea emoional i spiritualitii. n consecin, dezamgirea, ca dimensiune a
negativ moderat semnificativ cu satisfacia fa de via i spiritualitii, are un potenial explicativ n experimentarea
starea psihologic de bine. Se poate afirma pe baza acestor unei stri psihologice de bine reduse. n plus, starea
rezultate c valorile sczute ale dezamgirii, ca dimensiune psihologic de bine i satisfacia fa de via sunt aspecte
a spiritualitii, pot fi considerate ca factor explicativ ale strii de bine, aflate n corelaie semnificativ pozitiv,
pentru valori crescute ale satisfaciei fa de via i ale fapt ce susine abordarea integratoare a celor dou
strii psihologice de bine. Aceste rezultate sunt n mare concepte.
msur n conformitate cu cele ale lui Hall i Edwards n concluzie, conform rezultatelor studiului de fa,
(2002) care au considerat scala dezamgirii, ca indicator al persoanele mai tinere, cu stabilitate emoional ridicat,
calitii relaiei cu Dumnezeu. Cercetarea lor a artat mulumite de propria via i care au dezvoltat
corelaii negative moderate ntre subscalele dezamgire i dimensiunea spiritualitii, au stare psihologic de bine
instabilitate ale SAI cu subscalele existeniale ale SWBS. crescut.
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