APRENDE CON LOS PROFESIONALES DEL INGLS Febrero 2012 - Issue 91 - 4.

20
Shelley Boles: Coordinadora del Master en Ingls Profesional

Pollyanna
had it right
Editorial

To put off
Phrasal Verbs

DESCARGA
TU AUDIO EN:
www.vaughanreview.com

www . gr upovaughan . com

index
THE VAUGHAN REVIEW

is published monthly and is a Vaughan Systems

Febrero 2012
publication. All rights reserved.

Publisher:
Richard Vaughan
03 Editorial Pollyanna had it right
Editor in chief:
Richard Brown

Co-Editors in chief:
05 Easy Read Dinner in a Diner
Elena Arajo
Luca Fraile
David Waddell 06 Grammar Matters Verbs + gerundio: To mind // Verbs + gerundio: To finish
Carmen Vallejo Verbs + gerundio: To miss // Verbs + gerundio: To deny
Art Editor: Verbs + infinitivo: To refuse // Verbs + infinitivo: To manage
Annie Casass Olea Verbs + infinitivo: To mean // Verbs + infinitivo: To plan
Design Team
Annie Casass Olea
Ivan Morgan 11 Cloverdales Characters Ins Garca
Illustrator
Pablo Gonzalo 12 People & Places Shelley Boles
Contributing Editors:
Anna Katarina Victria
Annie Casass Olea 14 Business Letter
Conor McAlinden

Audio Editors: 16 Back office List 7

Alberto Alonso
Ignacio Carvajal

Distribution Manager: 17 Pence & R Seccin Infantil

Rubn Palomero

Subscriptions team: 21 Expressions with Skin

Enebral Luengo
Irene Alonso
Jose Carlos Morales
suscripciones@vausys.com
22 Humanities Information Theory IV Entropy

Cover Photograph:
Jaime Villanueva 24 Phrasal Verbs To put off
Newsroom:
Edificio Eurobuilding II 26 Something to Chew Over
C/ Orense, 69 - 1 Planta en Madrid.

Telephone:
91 444 58 44 30 Mastering the Interrogative 80
E-mail:
rbrown@vausys.com 31 Elision Fields Asnas
Printed by:
Exce Consulting Group
32 Sudoku Trees
Depsito legal:
M-46.801-2002

ISSN:
34 Translation List Nivel principiante y nivel avanzado
1887-6137

Lugar y fecha de impresin: 35 Creepy Corner I run a familiar business

Madrid, el 1 de Febrero de 2012

Edita

Vaughan S Y S T E M S
CLAVE DE ACCESO AUDIO:
8664vaughan8664
Copyright de la Edicin: Vaughan Systems, S.L.,
Madrid 2007. Todos los derechos
DESCARGA
reservados. All rights reserved.
www.vaughanreview.com
TU AUDIO EN:
www.vaughanreview.com

2
 editorial
Pollyanna had it right
There are
countless The other day I found out that there are people that
learn Japanese because they are obsessed with Manga
positive things comics. I was astounded. I have friends that, because of
their love of opera, learn Italian so that they can follow
that you could the action of their favourite arias without having to read
subtitles. Then I remembered my friend David whom
be thinking at out of devotion to his wife, Kerttu, has become quite
comfortable speaking Finnish.
any given
Have you ever thought about why youre putting
moment to yourself through this grueling (agotador) process of
learning such tough (difcil) language? Every Spaniard I
make yourself know has at some point or another been learning (and
wrestling with!) English and yet, when you ask any
feel better person on the street why theyre doing it, they just say
about doing Pues, porque hace falta!
Claro que hace falta! I think to myself. But it would be
anything at made so much easier if you could find another way to
motivate yourself, wouldnt it?
any time.
Necessity, desire to keep my livelihood and self-
protection are all great motivators, for sure. Theyre
what make me get out of bed groggily (atontadamente)
each morning, look both ways before I cross a street
and say no to certain reality TV shows that I might
rather be watching than getting to work on time.
Because of the threat of penalties and possible jail time,
I file my tax return every year even though I hate doing
so and I take the foul-tasting (asqueroso) medicine my
doctor prescribes because I want to live long enough to
complain about the taste to my friends.
But doing things because we have to gets old (se hace
aburrido) awfully fast. For some of us (myself included) the
words have to make our skin crawl. Doing things for my
own good becomes a dreaded litany (temida cantinela)
and I begin to be rebellious to the point of being self-
destructive. Not everyone is as contrary as I am but you
may understand what I mean: just because its good for us
doesnt mean were going to do it, whatever it is.
So when the time comes to do it, we think we have to grit
our teeth and simply grin and bear it (aguantarlo). What
do we tell ourselves that makes it, well, bearable? We tell
ourselves all kinds of things: that it will be over quickly, that
itll do us good, that its not as much work as we think it is
or that well do something fun afterwards as soon as we
finish it. We bribe ourselves into doing the gritty work.
Amazing though it may seem, there is an easier way to
slug through (aguantar el tirn) all that drabness. All you
have to do is find something positive about it and focus
on it while you do it. Try it out. Its simple, really. Go do
the dishes right now Go on! Get moving! and as you
do, think carefully about how great it will be when theyre
all clean, about how pleasant it is for your hands to be
wet and sudsy (enjabonadas) and about how youll know
that the forks are really clean because you cleaned them
yourself. Think about ten more positive things right now.
There are countless positive things that you could be
thinking at any given moment to make yourself feel better
about doing anything at any time. This makes me think of
one of my childhood heroes (a heroine, actually):
Pollyanna, from Eleanor H. Porters novels and the movie
that Hayley Mills starred in based on the books.
Pollyanna could find something to be glad about in
everything that came her way. In the story, she changes the
way a whole town behaves and feels by telling them all the
positive things that she sees around her. She was positive to
the core, long before positive thinking was a trendy concept.
Pollyanna was a rather sappy (oa) character and today
is considered a joke. Nowadays skeptics will refer to an
overly optimistic person as a Pollyanna, make fun of them
and let them know how uncool they are.
Because its better to be happy than cool, why dont you
try this method of thinking when youre studying English?
If you cant remember all the vocabulary you studied
yesterday, be glad (contenta) that you remembered
some of it. If you arent advancing as quickly in English as
youd like to, think about how fortunate you are that you
are learning little by little or simply at all. The point is to
make sure that you think the right thoughts, and that
these thoughts will make you happy and make things
easier to do.
And now, as the bell rings (metaphorically), let me leave
you with one final thought: The best thing about thinking
positively about everything we do the good, the bad
and the ugly is that it makes us want to do it. It makes
us bound out of bed in the morning with energy and
enthusiasm and it lets us stay up late at night without
feeling put upon (que se aprovechan de nosotros). And
if what you have to do becomes what you want to do,
my friend, youll be a very lucky person indeed.
Luca Fraile McCord
3
 Si
difc
t e result
il el
princ
e d i
ipal..
t
t

culo
a
orial
.
es
easy read
a r
este ti!
para

Dinner in a Diner
Its a weekday evening and Im walking around town thinking about
this Easy Read. Thinking makes me hungry so, after a few blocks, Im
not thinking about this Easy Read anymore, Im thinking about
finding a place to have something to eat.
My stomach is rumbling (hacienda ruido) and my head is starting to
feel light. Do I feel like Chinese food or do I feel like Greek food?
Do I feel like pizza or do I feel like a burger? Do I feel like having a
curry or do I feel like having a salad? There are too many choices in
this big city!
Another problem for me is that I always feel out of place when I sit
alone in a restaurant. So I need to find a place where I can be alright
on my own. Where can I go?
Im starting to feel faint (a punto de desvanecerme) when I
remember I love to eat at diners! I should go to a diner! Theyre
great places to eat alone because they all have a counter (barra)
with stools (taburetes) or swivel chairs (sillas giratorias) where you
can sit alone and dont have to talk to the person next to you. Or
points at the coffee machine and then at the soda fountain
you can sit in a booth (mesa pegada a la pared con bancos a cada
(dispensador de refrescos). I tell her I want some coffee, please. She
lado) and not be visible to hardly anyone.
comes back with a cup and saucer in one hand and a pot of coffee
So, as Im walking down the street, I keep my eyes open (mantengo in the other. She puts the cup and saucer down on the counter in
los ojos abiertos) for a diner. Finally, down the street I see one on front of me, pours the coffee and smiles at me. I smile back.
the corner! I walk up to the window and look in to make sure its
The waitress asks me what I feel like eating. I dont know yet! I tell
open. I cant see anything because of the glare (el reflejo del sol). I
her how hungry I am and she tells me that they have daily specials
walk around the corner and up to the entrance. I look through the
(platos especiales del da). I ask her what the specials are and she
glass doors and I look around to see if its open. It is! I can see lots
tells me, but she tells me so fast that I cant hear her. She points to
of people inside!
the board behind her on the wall and tells me to think about what
I pull open one of the glass doors and walk in. I have to wait a I want to eat. I tell her Ill think about it and she walks away.
minute for my eyes to adjust. I love it in here! Its so busy and at the
Ok, I have a lot of options! I look down at my menu and open it. Its full
same time cozy (acogedor)! As I take off my coat, I look at the
of things! Theres soup and sandwiches, salads and entres (platos
booths and I look at the counter. The booths look very inviting and
principales), desserts and even side orders (platos de acompaamiento)
intimate. But I want to sit at the counter. The head waiter (we dont
like french fries and onion rings! Yum!
call him a Maitre d at a dinner, thats too fancy!) comes to ask me if
Im alone and where I feel like sitting. I tell him Im alone and that I I cant make up my mind! I keep looking down at my menu and up
feel like sitting at the counter and he shows me an empty swivel at the specials on the wall! I look down at the soups and I look up
stool and gives me a menu. at the specials; and then I look down at the salads and I look up at
the specials; and then I look down at the sandwiches and I look up
I sit on the stool and he tells me to take the menu from him. Before
at the specials again. There are just too many options!
I have time to open the menu, the waitress comes up to me. Shes
bottle-blond (rubia de bote), has bright red lipstick, is wearing Im starting to feel faint again from looking up and down so much;
rhinestone horn-rimmed (decorado con brillantes) glasses and is so much so (tanto) that when the waitress comes back, all I can do
chewing gum with her mouth open. How iconic! She asks me what is look up at her, point to a random item on the menu and tell her
I want to drink. I tell her I dont know what I feel like drinking so she I feel like having that! Its not easy reading when youve feeling faint!

Luca Fraile McCord

5
 CURSO DE INGLS DEFINITVO
El curso ms completo y exitoso de Vaughan.
Consguelo en vaughantienda.com

Verbs + gerundio: To mind

To mind es uno de los cuatro verbos que veremos este mes que van seguidos de gerundio (terminacin ing).
Como no hay reglas que determinen cules van seguidos de gerundio y cules de infinitivo, toca aprendrselos de
memoria y practicar con miles de ejemplos.

No me importara ganar ms dinero. I wouldnt mind earning more money.

Te importara pasar la salsa, por favor? Would you mind passing the gravy, please?

No le importa a tu jefa que llegues tarde? Doesnt your boss mind you being late?

Si a ella no le importa que saltemos en el sof... If she doesnt mind us jumping on the couch...

A nadie le import que el gobierno se encargara de l. No one minded the government taking charge of him.

Mira en los tres ltimos casos cmo colocamos un pronombre o similar entre mind y el verbo.

Verbs + gerundio: To finish

Siempre que le siga otro verbo, ste tiene que ir en gerundio. No es como to stop, que segn el sentido de la frase, a
veces puede ir seguido de infinitivo. Por alguna razn, con finish es con el verbo que ms se falla, as que practica!

No puedes retirarte hasta que acabes de comer. Youre not dismissed until you finish eating.

Que empiece (l) a hacer eso cuando acabe de hacer esto. Let him start doing that when he finishes doing this.

Seguro que tendr hambre para cuando acabes de pelar las Im sure Ill be hungry by the time you finish peeling the
patatas. potatoes.

Si no acabas de hacer la cama pronto, me quedo en el sof. If you dont finish making the bed soon, Ill stay on the couch.

A qu hora terminaron de entrenarse? What time did they finish training?

Hay verbos, como to start y to try, que pueden ir seguidos tanto de gerundio como de infinitivo sin variar
su significado.

6
 grammar matters
Verbs + gerundio: To miss
Pasemos al verbo to miss. No olvides que, igual que le pasa al verbo to finish, y a los dems verbos cuyo ltimo
sonido es: s, sh o ch, aadimos la slaba es en la tercera persona (he, she, it misses).

Echo de menos tener tiempo para aburrirme como sola. I miss having time to get bored like I used to.

No echas de menos prepararte para salir un viernes? Dont you miss getting ready to go out on a Friday?

Ella se mud al sur porque echa de menos tomar el sol. She moved to the south because she misses sunbathing.

Echamos de menos conducir cuando estbamos viviendo

We missed driving when we were living in NY city.
en la ciudad de NY.

Desde luego que no echo de menos despertarme al I certainly dont miss waking up at the crack of dawn to
amanecer para ordear las vacas! milk the cows!

Cuando to miss significa perderse hacer algo, tambin va seguido de gerundio. Lo que pasa es que se
suele omitir el verbo. Por ejemplo en: You missed breakfast se entiende que te perdiste tomar el
desayuno, y no hace falta decir You missed having breakfast.

Verbs + gerundio: To deny

No confundas to deny, que significa negar y va seguido de gerundio, y to refuse, que significa negarse y va
seguido de infinitivo.

Cmo puedes negar haber dicho lo que dijiste delante de

How can you deny saying what you said in front of everyone?
todo el mundo?

l neg haberse dejado la puerta abierta al salir. He denied having left the door open on his way out.

Neg (l) haberle prendido fuego al edificio? Did he deny setting the building on fire?

Negarn haberlo robado, incluso si fue por una buena causa. Theyll deny stealing it, even if it was for a good cause.

Afortunadamente el testigo neg haber odo mi voz. Fortunately the witness denied hearing my voice.

Hay verbos como to regret, to forget y to remember, cuyo significado vara segn vayan seguidos de
infinitivo o de gerundio.

7
Verbs + infinitivo: To refuse
Como decamos antes, este verbo va seguido de infinitivo, significa negarse, y no hay que confundirlo con to deny.
Fjate que ste es uno de los verbos que acaban en sonido s, por lo que al hablar en 3 persona aadimos es.

No s a quin acudir si la Reina se niega a verme. I dont know who to turn to if the Queen refuses to see me.

No deberamos negarnos a contratarle a causa de su pelo. We shouldnt refuse to hire him on account of his hair.

Me niego a ser visto con el traje de bao de tu abuelo. I refuse to be seen in your grandpas bathing suit.

Cmo es que se niegan a probar mi sopa azul? How come they refuse to try my blue soup?

Como (ella) se neg a participar, la obligaron a hacerlo. As she refused to take part, they made her do it.

Fjate que al verbo to make le sigue el infinitivo sin to. Tambin es el caso de: to let, to see, to hear y to feel.

Verbs + infinitivo: To manage

Cuando to manage significa conseguir hacer algo, el verbo que sigue ir en infinitivo. Recuerda que para dominar
esto del gerundio y el infinitivo lo que te ayudar es repetir en voz alta ejemplos y ms ejemplos.

Cmo te las apaaste para cambiar la rueda sin un gato? How did you manage to change the tire without a jack?

Si consigues ahorrar un poco, podrs llegar a fin de mes. If you manage to save a little, youll be able to make ends meet.

El equipo no logr marcar ms goles. The team didnt manage to score any more goals.

Hemos conseguido aumentar las ventas en un 16%. Weve managed to increase sales by 16%.

Conseguiste convencerme. You managed to convince me.

En ingls decimos cambiar un neumtico, que se puede escribir tire o tyre, y en castellano cambiar una rueda.

8
 grammar matters
Verbs + infinitivo: To mean
Te presentamos a continuacin otro verbo que tiene que ir seguido de infinitivo. Aparte de querer decir o
significar, el verbo to mean a veces se traduce por: tener la intencin de.

Lo siento! No pretenda hacer llorar al beb. Sorry! I didnt mean to make the baby cry.

Probablemente no tenas intencin de empezar una guerra, no? You probably didnt mean to start a war, did you?

Nunca tuvieron intencin de secuestrar a toda la familia. They never meant to kidnap the whole family.

De verdad tenas intencin de teirte el pelo de este color? Did you really mean to dye your hair this colour?

Crame oficial, no pretenda saltarme ese semforo en rojo. Believe me officer, I didnt mean to run that red light.

Muchas veces decimos cosas como: It wasnt meant to be, que en castellano sera algo como: no estaba escrito.

Verbs + infinitivo: To plan

Este verbo es mucho ms comn de lo que parece, aunque en castellano sea ms natural traducirlo por pensar que por
planear. Recuerda no confundir to plan, que va seguido de infinitivo, con to think about, que va seguido por gerundio.

A quin piensas invitar a cenar a tu casa? Who are you planning to have over for dinner?

La verdad es que no tena pensado dimitir. Actually, I wasnt planning to resign.

Qu piensas decir si te cogen? What are you planning to say if you get caught?

(l) piensa presentarse a presidente despus de este mandato. Hes planning to run for president after this term of office.

No me digas donde piensas llevarnos. Dont tell me where youre planning to take us.

Si digo que Im planning to do something, seguramente la decisin est ya tomada. Mientras que si digo que
Im thinking about doing something, todava lo estoy considerando.

9
 CLOVERDALES CHARACTERS
Consguelo en
vaughantienda.com cloverdales
CHARACTERS
Ins Garca www.vaughantienda.com

Ins Garca had never been so excited in her life. Ever since she had got
back to Seville from Paris two months ago, she had talked to Franois
Monet on the telephone almost every day. Its a good thing he usually
called her, because otherwise her father might have said something to
her about the phone bill. Two weeks ago, Franois surprised her with
some unbelievable news. A week earlier, he had mentioned to his uncle
Pierre Monet that he was looking for a way of bringing Ins to live in
Paris. The next day, Pierre called him to say that he had asked the
Chairman of Peugeot if they might need a lawyer expert in Spanish labor
law. At first, the man had said no, but when Pierre explained the
circumstances and told him that his nephew was love-sick, the
benevolent side of the Chairman came out and he assured Pierre that
Ins could come to work for Peugeot in the legal department. When
Franois conveyed the message to Ins, she jumped for joy. She was tired
of defending boring labor cases in Seville and was dying to be with
Franois. He told her to prepare her C.V. and send it with a letter to the
Chairman of Peugeot, thanking him for his fine gesture and saying
something about herself. He gave her the address.The next morning, Ins her that she should be settled in Paris and ready to work within 30 days.
called a friend of hers who had grown up in France and asked if she For Ins, it was a dream come true. Her father thought it was wonderful.
could help her write a letter and a C.V. in French. Two days later she sent Her mother insisted that she wanted to meet this Franois Monet fellow
them to Peugeot. Exactly seven days later, she received a nice letter from before letting her daughter go off to Paris. When Ins told him this,
the head of Human Resources offering her an initial one-year contract Franois immediately reserved a ticket on Iberia to fly Paris-Madrid-
to work as an assistant to the Chief Legal Counsel at Peugeot. He told Seville for the following weekend.

1. How would you describe Ins psychological state?
2. How long ago did she return from Paris?
3. How often had she spoken to Franois since
she got back?
4. Who usually called whom?
5. Why did Ins think it was a good thing he
called her most of the time?
6. What did Franois surprise her with two weeks
ago?
7. Who had Franois spoken to about Ins?
8. When had he spoken to him about her?
9. What is Pierres relationship to Franois?
10. What did Franois tell Pierre he was looking for?
11. Who did Pierre call the next day?
12. What did he ask the Chairman?
13. What was the Chairmans first response?
14. What did Pierre go on to explain to him?
15. What kind of illness did he say his nephew had?
16. What side of the Chairmans character came out
when Pierre told him his nephew was lovesick?
17. What did he assure Pierre?
18. What was Ins reaction when Pierre conveyed
this message to her?
19. What was she tired of doing in Seville?
20. Who was she dying to see?
21. What did Franois tell her to prepare?
22. Did he tell her to send the CV directly to him?
23. Who did he tell her to send the CV to?
24. What else did he tell her to write?
25. What did he tell her to say in the letter?
26. Who did Ins call the next morning?
27. What did Ins ask her?
28. How many days later did she send the letter
and CV?
29. How soon did she get a reply?
30. Who was the reply from?
31. What kind of contract did he offer her?
32. What would her job be in Peugeot?
33. When did he tell her she should be ready to
work?
34. What did all this represent for Ins?
35. What did her father think about it?
36. What did her mother insist on?
37. What did Franois do when Ins told him
about her mothers wish?
38. What airline did he reserve a ticket with?
39. What route would he fly?
40. When would he be in Seville?

11
 This month we have the pleasure of talking to
Shelley Boles, the coordinator of all three
Master Programs here at Vaughan. During her
time with us, she has won the love and respect
of all the students and teachers on the
program, and all her colleagues in the office.

Can you please tell us a bit about your career in Vaughan Systems?
I began teaching in-company classes for Vaughan in 2006. Then I
worked as a teacher on the Executive Master, the full-time Master and
in our particulares department. For the last year Ive been working as
the Masters Programme Coordinator, revamping the EMIP and
managing the operational side of the Masters Department. My career
here at Vaughan has been varied, challenging and rewarding!

Had you done anything similar before?

Not exactly... my teaching experience before Vaughan had been
solely with children as I worked as an elementary school teacher
for 3 years when I first came to Spain. Prior to that I worked as a
flight attendant for Northwest Airlines, where the focus was
passenger safety and inflight management.

What brought you to Spain?

I hosted an exchange student when I was 16 and she and her family
opened their home to me the summer after.Thats when I fell in love
with Spain (the language, the food, the culture, the people, etc...). In
the following years I took advantage of my free time and free flights
with the airline to come back to visit. At one point during my career

FACT FILE I took a 6-month leave to study Spanish in Madrid, which is when I
fell in love again. This time with my husband! Ive been married and
living here for almost 9 years now.
Name Shelley Boles
Can you name any disadvantages of living in Spain?
Like any country it has its flaws, but the biggest and most obvious
Age 32 disadvantage of living in Spain for me would be the distance
between me and my family and friends. Its especially difficult now
Nationality American that I have a child and the visits home are so limited. They see my
daughter reach milestones like walking and talking via the internet,
Position Masters Coordinator which can be very impersonal. I feel constantly homesick.
Fortunately, Ive been blessed with incredible in-laws who have
made Spain feel like my home away from home.
Fact When asked her age Shelley had
to call her husband to confirm. What do you like to do in the States that you cant do here in Spain?
One of my favorite things to do while Im home is to go to garage
sales, also known as yard sales. We wake up early on Saturday
mornings, print out the directions to the closest garage sales, take

12
 people & places
our coffee to-go, and spend the morning searching for bargains. Its
thrilling to find bestsellers sold for a quarter or antique handbags for
a few bucks. As the saying goes, one mans trash, is another mans
treasure. Another outing I really enjoy is going to drive-in movies. In Express Questionnaire
the summer we take the truck, bring folding chairs, sleeping bags and
our favorite goodies and camp out watching movies in the outdoors. Favorite drink?
Berry Spritzer

Are there any American traditions that youve tried to start here Favorite section in a magazine?
in Spain? Advice Column
Ive thrown a few baby showers for close friends. Its a party Favorite magazine?
organized for first-time mothers, where their closest family and Readers Digest. Though Im genuinely going to miss the
friends shower them with gifts and advice. Silly games related to Vaughan Review!!
babies are played, prizes are won, food is eaten, and talk of the Window or aisle?
babys arrival is exchanged. Its a lot of fun! Travelling with or without a child?

Where do you like to relax and pamper yourself a little (or a

How would you define a good student? lot)? (spa, home, stadium...)
Good students go above and beyond what is expected of them, Spa Jacuzzi, sauna, massage, facial, etc...
willing to work to improve. They participate in class even if their
Whats the latest word youve learned in Spanish?
attempts are clumsy or difficult. They retain their teachers Chiribitas
corrections and learn from their classmates mistakes. Their
assignments are done thoroughly, their attitude is positive and If you had your way, what color would the sky be, apart from blue?
Shades of purple
their focus is on the task at hand.
Favorite board games?
What would you recommend someone, if they wanted to become Rummikub & Blokus
a Vaughan teacher?
What hobby would you like to have if you had the time?
As the leading language training provider in Spain, Vaughan must Kite Surfing
demand the most driven, dedicated and talented teachers. As
What was your favorite album growing up?
Vaughan teachers, we all follow the same method. However, we
Amy Grants Christmas Album
each bring a unique teaching style that is different from the next.
I recommend you find your students weaknesses and interests What do you keep on your bedside table?
and combine the two to make the learning process both A lamp, a phone and a book (currently Parenting Isnt for
Cowards).
productive and enjoyable.
Have you got a middle name? If not, what would you like it to be?
Do you believe that if you treat people kindly, theyll treat you back Dora (named after my great-grandmothers)
the same way? Is it worth trying? Whats the latest celebration youve been to?
Well, if negativity feeds negativity Id like to believe that sincere A babyshower.
words or acts of kindness will be reciprocated. Its definitely worth
Next holiday destination?
trying. Especially with our loved ones, since we are all guilty of New York
taking their kindness for granted and at times treating them worse
than we would a stranger. If you worked in a circus, Who would you be?
A mime.

You seem to feel comfortable as a leader or organizing things both Your friends would say you are...?
at work and away from it. Why do you think that is or isnt true? Busy and maybe a tad bossy.
Its true. I do enjoy organizing and planning! Whether its an event, How do you like your eggs?
a party, a home or office project, a closet or even a drawer, the final 3-minute egg with toast strips for dipping
outcome leaves me with a sense of order and accomplishment. I
Something that makes you smile?
have a lot of ideas and Im usually not satisfied until seeing them Each time my daughter says a new word in English.
through. Am I a leader? No. A control freak? Maybe!

13
 BUSINESS LETTER
Consguelo en
vaughantienda.com business letter
A quin concierna,
Mi nombre es Victoria Snchez y les escribo para hacerles saber
algunos problemas con los que me encontr durante el tiempo
en el que mi familia y yo nos estuvimos quedando en su hotel de
lujo, Paraso del Valle, en Mirabel de las Dunas, Alicante.
El primer asunto del que quisiera hablarles es la ausencia de
botones que haba en su hotel el da de nuestra llegada. Mi
Inte
familia y yo llevbamos mucho equipaje, pero por la falta n family and I had a lot of luggage, but as there was
la ca ta trad
de botones, no hubo ofrecimiento de parte de sus rta
empleados para ayudarnos. lueg
o co
con
El otro, y quizs el ms alarmante tema que quisiera
la n
mencionarles, fue la falta de seguridad en su complejo
hotelero que, por cier to, alardeaba de lujo y
exclusividad en su folleto. Personas que claramente no
eran huspedes del hotel se quedaban en habitaciones de
amigos haciendo mucho ruido y saltando a la piscina de noche.
Tengo una hija de tres aos que no poda dormir debido al ruido.
Confo en que Uds. puedan encontra una solucin a este problema,
porque de lo contrario, puede que tengamos que mirar la posibilidad
de alojarnos en otro destino turstico en el futuro.
Atentamente suya,
To whom it may concern
My name is Victoria Snchez and I am writing to bring to your
attention to some problems that I encountered when my family
and I were staying at your luxury hotel, Paraso del Valle, in Mirabel
de las Dunas, Alicante.
The first issue that I would like to address is the lack of
a porter in your hotel on the day of our arrival. My
u no porter, there was no offer on the part of your
al in cir staff to help us with it.
gls
mp y
rala The other, and perhaps most alarming issue that I
ues would like to tell you about, was the lack of
tra
security in your resort which, incidentally, boasted
luxury and exclusivity in your brochure. People who
were clearly not guests of the resort were staying in friends
rooms making a lot of noise and jumping into the pool at night. I
have a 3-year-old daughter that could not sleep for the noise.
I trust you can rectify this problem, because if not, we may have
to look into staying in different holiday resorts in future.
Yours sincerely,

Usamos esta expresin en vez del verbo to tell a secas, en comunicaciones formales de este tipo. Tambin
Bring to your attention
podramos haber dicho to make you aware.

Si le quieres decir a alguien dnde te quedas, recuerda alternar las preposiciones: Im staying in Madrid, at the Plaza
Stay at a hotel
Hotel, in room 312.

Lack of Traducimos lack por falta o ausencia. Lack of se pronuncia seguido, como una sola palabra /lkaf/.

Normalmente diremos There wasnt any o There werent any pero para ser mas enfticos podemos decir There
There was no
was no o There were no.

Recuerda que nunca diremos a daughter of 3 years o a 3-years-old daughter. 3-year-old se convierte en el
3-year-old daughter
adjetivo, por lo tanto no se pluraliza.

For (Because) For como sinnimo de because es poco comn pero algunas veces se ve en cartas formales como esta.

Mientras que en castellano se usa rectificar para dar marcha atrs sobre lo dicho, en ingls solemos utilizar to
Rectify
rectify para expresar la idea de ponerle solucin a algo.

Look into To look into en este contexto no significa mirar dentro sino investigar, hacer indagaciones.

14
 BUSINESS BOOKS
Consguelos en
vaughantienda.com back office
List 7 Vaug
Cons
han
igue
en
mate Tiend
rial e a
Ponte a prueba.Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y traduce al ingls las frases en castellano. para spec
prof fico
esion
Irs ganando en vocabulario y fluidez a medida que aumentes el nmero de repeticiones. vaug
h
ales.
antie
nda.
com

Diles que suban. Tell them to come up.

Que suban por favor. Have them come up please.

Que bajen por favor. Have them come down please.

No le puedo localizar en ningn nmero. I cant reach him at any number.

Cmo se le puede localizar? How can he be reached?

Pase por mi mesa antes de ir a la reunin. Stop by my desk before going to the meeting.

Te pondr al da acerca de todo. Ill bring you up to date on everything.

Hay una seora que no deja de llamar preguntando por usted. Theres a lady who keeps calling asking for you.

El Sr. Prez no se puede poner en estos momentos. Mr. Perez cant take your call right now.

Le importara volver a llamar en 10 minutos? Would you mind calling back in 10 minutes?

El Sr. Prez agradece su gesto. Mr. Perez appreciates your gesture.

Cul es el motivo de su visita? Whats the purpose of your visit?

Tengo suficiente papelera de oficina para un ao. I have enough stationery to last a year.

El jefe est de mal humor hoy. The boss is in a bad mood today.

Me dijo que nadie le molestara. He told me not to let anyone disturb him.

Mi jefa todava es de aquellas que dictan cartas. My boss is still one of those who dictates letters.

Menos mal que s taquigrafa. Its a good thing I know shorthand.

Mi mesa es un revoltijo de cosas. My desk is a complete mess.

Suelo manejar las tareas rutinarias con eficiencia. I usually handle routine tasks efficiently.

Estoy en el proceso de cambiar el sistema de archivo. Im in the process of changing the filing system.

16
Art Editor: Annie Casass Illustrator: Pablo Gonzalo
it s carnival time!
Pence y R buscan los mejores disfraces para lucirse en el Carnaval.
Yip sir, its that time of year again when Pence and R put on
a fancy dress or costume and go partying. Its carnival! Hurray!
Theres also a parade and a contest this year, so they have to
choose the best costumes if they want to be kings.
They usually go for a walk to get inspiration for a new costume.
Last year they went for a walk on the beach and dressed up
as shells. The year before that they went for a walk in the
forest, and dressed up as trees. This time theyre going for a
walk in the shopping center.
So there they are now, looking everywhere and going into
every shop. At this moment, R is trying on a pirate costume.
Hes trying on a hat, hes trying on a patch and hes trying on
a wooden leg.Pence is trying on a parrot costume. Hes trying
on a pair of wings, hes trying on a lot of color feathers and
hes trying on a beak.
The next thing theyre going to do is go into another shop
and try on other costumes. Pence is going to try a dentist
costume on, so hes going to try on a white coat. After that
hes going to try on a chef costume, so hes going to try on
a white hat.
The last thing theyre going to do is try on the costumes that
theyre going to wear for carnival. R is going to dress up as an
Indian and Pence is going to dress up as a cowboy. They have
to put on a lot things!
R is going to put on a lot of feathers on his head and hes
going to put on a pair of trousers. Pence is going to put on
a cowboy hat, hes going to put on a pair of jeans and hes
going to put on a pair of cowboy boots too.
Then theyll be ready for carnival. Hurray!
S seor, es esa poca del ao otra vez en la que Pence y R
se ponen un disfraz y van de fiesta. Es carnaval! Hurra! Tambin
hay un desfile y un concurso este ao, as que tienen que
elegir los mejores disfraces si quieren ser los reyes.
Normalmente se van de paseo para inspirarse para un disfraz
nuevo. El ao pasado fueron de paseo por la playa y se
disfrazaron de conchas. El ao anterior fueron de paseo por
el bosque, y se disfrazaron de rboles. Esta vez van a dar un
paseo en el centro comercial.
As que ah estn ahora, mirando por todos lados y entrando en
cada tienda. En este momento, R se est probando un disfraz de
pirata. Se est probando un sombrero, se est probando un parche
y se est probando una pata de palo. Pence se est probando un
disfraz de loro. Se est probando un par de alas, se est probando
muchas plumas de colores y se est probando un pico.
Lo siguiente que van a hacer es entrar en otra tienda y
probarse otros disfraces. Pence se a probar un disfraz de
dentista, as que se va a probar una bata blanca. Despus de
eso se va a probar un disfraz de chef, as que se va a probar
un gorro blanco.
Lo ltimo que van a hacer es probarse los disfraces que se
van a llevar puestos para carnaval. R se va a disfrazar de indio
y Pence se va a disfrazar de vaquero. Se tienen que poner
muchas cosas!
R se va a poner un montn de plumas en la cabeza y se va
poner un par de pantalones. Pence se va a poner un sombrero
de vaquero, se va a poner unos pantalones vaqueros y se va
poner unas botas de vaquero tambin.
Entonces estarn listos para carnaval. Hurra!
 Mix and will

match you

Una de las formas de hacer preguntas sobre el futuro es usando el auxiliar will. Ponemos will, luego
el sujeto y luego el verbo. Si haces 100 de estas preguntas, te acabarn saliendo como a un nativo, sin pensar!
Ejemplo:
?
Veras a hannah la semana que viene?
will you see Hannah next week?

CMO JUGAR: Recorta los cuadrados con la ayuda de un adulto e intenta formar 6 frases siguiendo la
estructura gramatical que te indicamos en el ejemplo (si quieres, puedes hacer una fotocopia en color de la
pgina). Algo que te puede ayudar a hacerlo correctamente es ir uniendo las fichas por sus colores. Es decir,
el rojo al final de una palabra siempre tiene que coincidir con el rojo al principio de otra.

Montars tu bici el prximo fin de semana? Te lavars las manos el ao que viene?
Jugars al escondite luego? Responders a mi pregunta la semana que viene?
Tocars el violn el martes? Te duchars maana por la maana?

play next weekend? you my question will

will your hands ride later? you
you on tuesday? take will hide and seek
the violin wash next year? you will
you your bike will play next week?
tomorrow morning? answer will a shower you

LO QUE NECESITAS:
Cuanto antes empiece
a conocer el ingls mejor!
Consigue material didctico
para tus hijos en
Vaughantienda.com
ask mummy
Scissors and daddy
for help!!!
Word search (trees)
Encuentra las palabras que te indicamos a continuacin en la siguiente sopa de letras:

1. Pine tree (Pino) 11. Apple tree (Manzano)

w i l l o w t r e e c h a l z
a k a o m l
2. Fir (Abeto) 12. Pear tree (Peral)
q y u o h v p i c
3. Palm tree (Palmera) 13. Orange tree (Naranjo)
4. Black Poplar (Chopo) 14. Olive tree (Olivo) e e r t r a l p o p e d p u n
5. Poplar tree (lamo) 15. Willow tree (Sauce) e e r t e v i l o w s a l s k
6. Maple tree (Arce) 16. Cypress (Ciprs) m p j f o g v o a k t r e e r
7. Sequoia (Secuoya) 17. Fig tree (Higuera)
a a s c w y b m s i n j t h a
8. Chestnut tree (Castao) 18. Plum tree (Ciruelo)
p l u m t r e e d p u t r s l
9. Oak tree (Roble) 19. Cedar (Cedro)
10. Holm oak (Encina) 20. Yew (Tejo) l m x b y a p i n e t r e e p
e t y e w i s k d a t u e e o
t r v q r o d p i r r n g r p
r e k w m u l q s t e f y t k
e e f i x q c y p r e s s g c
e i v h j e u r m e c j o i a
r a d e c s b s x e f p x f l
o b g w e e r t e g n a r o b
pence

Anagrams
Unscramble the five words below:

1. VIOLE SETRE bear olives.

2. LUMP ETERS bear plums.

3. We always put up a RIF at Christmas.

4. You can find YEPESSRCS in most cemeteries.

5. Not all PLAM TEESR bear coconuts.

5. Palm trees (Palmera). 4. Cypresses (Cipreses).

3. Fir (Abeto). 2. Plum trees (Ciruelo). 1. Olive trees (Olivo).
RESPUESTAS:
 expressions with
Youre all skin and bones!

Ests hecho-a un palillo!

Im skint.

Estoy sin un duro.

I got out of it by the skin of my teeth.

SKIN
Me libr por los pelos.

You need a thick skin to be a politician.

Necesitas ser insensible a las crticas para ser poltico-a.

She has a very thin skin and takes things to heart.

(Ella) es muy sensible a las crticas y se toma las cosas a pecho.

That kid got under my skin in two minutes.

Ese-a nio-a me puso de los nervios en dos minutos.

Ive got you under my skin.

Estoy loco-a por ti.

They went skinny-dipping in the lake.

Se baaron desnudos-as en el lago.

Its no skin off my nose.

A m ni me va ni me viene.

He ran off to save his own skin.

(l) sali corriendo para salvar el pellejo.

21
 Information Theory IV
Entropy
In November's article we saw how
mathematicians are able to quantify the concept
of information: the information content of a
message is related to the surprise you would get
on receiving it. In mid-July in Spain a weather
forecast predicting clear blue skies and 35C is
not really big news, so its information content is
small. Conversely, a forecast for snow in mid-July
would be extremely surprising, and therefore
would carry a lot of information.
The quantity we call 'information content'
actually has a proper name in the scientific
jargon (jerga): entropy or more specifically,
information entropy. While this quantity is the
central character of the theory of information
developed by Claude Shannon in the middle of
the last century, he was not the first to discover
it. Entropy had already been an important part
of physics since the 19th century, going by the
name of thermodynamic entropy.
Thermodynamic entropy is a measure of the
level of disorder in a physical system. Take, for
example, a sandcastle (castillo de arena) that has
been recently laid. The grains of sand making up
(formando) the castle are arranged in a very
careful and precise way, such that by interfering
with them the castle would begin to lose its
shape and identifiable features. The grains are
therefore organised in a highly ordered manner,
and we say that the entropy is low.
On the other hand, if we trample on the castle,
kicking the grains of sand all over the place until
By Ewan Munro they lie evenly spread out on the beach, we
22
have created a highly disordered situation; the
shape and all of the characteristics of the castle
have been lost, and we now just have a mess.
In this case, we say that the entropy is high.
The equation that we use to quantify this kind
of entropy is called the Boltzmann entropy
equation, named after the great Austrian
physicist Ludwig Boltzmann who first stated it
(la estableci). It reads: S = k log W. The two
important quantities appearing here are the
entropy (S) and the number of ways (W). (The
k is just a constant number, and 'log' stands for
(representa) logarithm). What is meant by the
number of ways? Let us return to the
sandcastle for a moment.
To build a sandcastle, you require millions of
individual grains of sand in a small volume of
space. The number of ways this can be achieved
is limited, because all of the grains are confined
to lie physically within the volume of the castle.
On the other hand, there are infinitely many
more ways that the sand grains could be
arranged if we simply allowed them to scatter
across the beach. Some of them could blow off
to the right, others to the left, and some will
blow towards the sea. Others may even be
picked up by the wind and carried for many
miles. This is clearly a much more disordered
state of affairs than our perfect sandcastle.
Boltzmann's entropy equation one of the
classic equations in physics - perfectly
encapsulates (condensa) these intuitive ideas.
As the quantity W increases i.e. the number

of ways that the grains (or, more commonly in
physics, the atoms) can be configured increases
the entropy increases, and vice-versa.
So much for thermodynamic entropy. What
about information entropy? How do sandcastles
contain information? And how does this relate
to the idea of order and disorder?
To begin to understand this, we must first
realise one crucial detail: an individual grain of
sand really does contain information. It may not
be information that is useful or important to
us, but it is nonetheless there. It is hidden in the
speeds and positions of all of the atoms and
molecules inside the grain, which we do not
know. If we did know them, then clearly we'd
have more information about the grain. If we
had suitable (adecuado) measuring apparatus
we could obtain all of this data, and use it to
predict where all of these particles will be in a
second's time. This 'hidden' information is
precisely the information entropy of the grain.
humanities
A PASSION FOR LEARNING
Perhaps a better example is a bathtub of hot
water. You probably know the volume and
temperature of the water it contains, but when
you step inside do you know what each
individual molecule is doing? There's a lot of
entropy in there! If physics doesn't appeal
much to you, try economics. What we call
economic growth is just an average measure,
taken across the whole country's economy. But
growth might vary from one sector to another,
and even within a sector individual companies
might be growing more or less than others. By
focusing only on national growth rates, a lot of
entropy or hidden information is created.
You can begin to see how thermodynamic
entropy order or disorder is linked to
information entropy missing information; the
key is the number of ways. Take our perfect
sandcastle again. This is a very precise and
ordered arrangement of the grains, so as we have
seen the thermodynamic entropy is low. There
are very few ways of achieving this arrangement.
Now recall how we defined information
entropy - we defined it in terms of probability,
which is intrinsically linked to the number of
ways. An arrangement that can be achieved in
many ways such as the sand being spread
out (esparcido) across the beach is much
more probable than an arrangement that can
be achieved in only few ways. It's much more
likely that, if left alone, your bedroom will
become a mess which can occur in many
different ways than remain perfectly tidy, with
everything where it should be, which can be
achieved in only one way.
The key link, therefore, is that you should not
be surprised to discover that something is in a
disordered state. That is the natural tendency,
because it can happen in so many different
configurations. The information content of
disorder is therefore much less than of order.
You'd be pretty surprised if the grains of sand
suddenly came together to form a sandcastle,
rather than remaining scattered on the beach.
But wait a minute! Thermodynamically the
disordered state has maximum entropy, but
informationally it has minimum entropy. How can
that be? This is nothing more than a consequence
of the way we define entropy in the two contexts.
In thermodynamics, the highest probability state
(the disordered one) has the highest entropy; in
information theory, the highest probability state is
the one you assume the system is in, so it carries
the least information.
The fact that information and energy seem to
be somehow related via the concept of
entropy is very interesting. It establishes a link
between two of the great revolutions in
modern history the industrial revolution,
which was all about energy and the
information revolution we are currently
witnessing (presenciando). In next month's
article we'll take a closer look at information as
a fundamental player in the laws of physics.
23
 PHRASAL VERBS
Consguelo en
vaughantienda.com

f
e s p u tting of Dont p
H ,
g h e r about it to the d
ut off g
oing
tell in it
h a ve to do might lo e n t is t , o
but h e l l
o r later. se anot r you
so o n e r her too
th.
ndo No posp
l) e s t posponie tendr on
dentista gas el ir al
( ), pero , o pued
s e lo (a ella temprano. pierdas e qu
el c o n t r
eo otro dien e
erlo tard te.
que hac

Sorr y, b
p u t o f f
ut I can
being sic
t
k. To put off Putting
o
decision ff your
will c
o, pero n
o Posponer more m ost us
Lo sient er el estar oney.
ospon
puedo p rmo/a. Pospone
enfe r
nos cost tu decisin
ar ms
dinero.

as
m a n y times h Im afra
id we
How ur
about o cant pu
the m e e t in g homew t off our
b e e n put off? or k any
e longer.
salar y ris
Me tem
sido oq
u n t a s veces ha obre pospone ue no podemo
C s r nuestro s
a la reunin s debere
posp u e s t eldo? por ms s
a u m e n to de su tiempo.
nuestro

24
 phrasal verbs
All the
question
uldnt he was s
You sho nt of suppose
mou answer d
put him o
t
let the a t you off. off.
tes pu
candida Todas la
s preg
e el tena qu untas que (l)
b e r a s dejar qu e e re
No de atos t echaron sponder le
m e r o d e candid . para atr
n ra atrs s.
eche pa

eader s
Some r f by
of
are put ks.
thick bo
o
To put off I was pu
t
by the h off
o
lectores
se Echar para atrs smell it rrible
Algunos atrs con gave off
ara Desanimar .
echan p gordos. Me ech
los libros pa
el horrib ra atrs
le olor q
despeda ue
.

Don
criticism t let
r s
ld wate Its a ve put you off.
Does co r do you r y good
off, o movie.
put you g anyway? Que no
m in
go swim
te e
las crtic chen para atr
as. Es u s
s el na
muy bue pelcula
e c h a p ara atr e
Te as d na.
, o te ba
agua fra formas?
todas

25
something TEST YOUR ENGLISH
Consguelo en
vaughantienda.com

TO CHEW OVER

Algo para pensar!

Abajo encontrars una serie de frases. Slo una es correcta en cada caso, bien sea por razones gramaticales o por el contexto.
Piensa la respuesta muy bien antes de contestar y piensa el porqu de la respuesta correcta y de las incorrectas. Como
siempre, las respuestas vienen en la pgina 28 con sus correspondientes explicaciones.

1
1.a. You neednt smoke in the restaurant.

1.b. You mustnt smoke in the restaurant.

1.c. You dont have to smoke in the restaurant.

1
2.a. I wont go unless you not go.

2.b. I wont go unless you will go.

2.c. I wont go unless you wont go.

1.d. You dont have to smoke in the restaurant. 2.d. I wont go unless you go.

1
3.a. Shes more big that me.

3.b. Shes bigger as me.

3.c. Shes bigger than me.

4.a. I said I go.

4.b. I said that I go.

4.c. I said I had go.

1
3.d. Shes bigger than me. 4.d. I said Id go.

1
5.a. Can you to help me?

5.b. Can you be able to help me?

5.c. Are you able to help me?

1
6.a. I dont know who did do it.

6.b. I dont know who did it.

6.c. I dont know who did it do it.

5.d. Can you help me? 6.d. I dont know who it was that did do it.

1
7.a. Do you know your route to her house?

7.b. Do you know your pathe to her house?

7.c. Do you know the path to her house?

1
8.a. Are you married or solitary?

8.b. Are you married or single?

8.c. Are you married or alone?

7.d. Do you know your way to her house? 8.d. Are married or lonely?

26
answers
SOMETHING TO CHEW OVER
Aqu tienes las respuestas al reto que te propusimos en la pgina 26. La idea no es slo acertar, sino tambin sacar
provecho de las respuestas errneas que, en muchos casos, son errores tpicos.

Aqu estamos ante uno de los errores ms comunes que cometen Aqu estamos ante uno de los errores ms comunes que cometen
los espaoles
Todas soncuando
validas quieren
desde el integrarse en gramatical,
punto de vista la cocina pero
con los espaoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina con
angloparlantes.
aaloparlantes. Esta oracin significanoYo
se no ir a menos que t En
vayas. de
B es la nica que tiene sentido por el contexto. Mira de
Remover
B ni laremove
1.sitio)
Remover nono se
se traduce
traduce ni
ni move
move (cambiar las angloparlantes.
2.sitio)
D ni un
Remover traduce ni move (cambiar
contexto futuro empleamos el presente simple despus
dems con(quitar).
detalle aAver
veces se dice un
si necesitas en repaso
las recetas
de lasremove
dems remove (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas remove
the sauce pero casi siempre se aade from the heat. En cuanto de unless.
the sauce pero casi siempre se aade from the heat. En cuanto
estructuras.
a moven me lo invent para la ocasin. a moven me lo invent para la ocasin.

Dije que ira. Lo que realmente dije fue I will go, pero si
Aqu estamos ante uno de los errores ms comunes que cometen Aqu estamos
quiero ante uno delalos
comentar erroresdicha
oracin ms comunes
en el pasadoque cometen
hay que
Comparativos:
los espaoles cuandopara adjetivos
quieren de unaen slaba
integrarse se forma
la cocina con los espaoles
modificarcuando quieren
will dando integrarse
un paso en en
hacia atrs la elcocina
tiempo.con
El
cologando er al final. En nuestro ejemplo
angloparlantes. Remover no se traduce ni move (cambiar hay que aadir
de angloparlantes.
pasado Remover
de will es no se traduce
would, ni move es
cuya contraccin (cambiar de
apstrofe
3.sitio)
C ni una segunda
remove g al adjetivo.
(quitar). A veces La se siguiente palabra
dice en las es remove
recetas siempre 4.sitio)
D ni +remove
d. Por (quitar).
ejemplo,AIll
veces se dice
play sera en
I las
saidrecetas remove
Id play. Los
the sauce peroPor
than. casiejemplo,
siempre Im taller from
se aade than the
him;heat.
Theyre faster
En cuanto the sauce pero casi
primeros tressiempre
ejemplosse aade from the heat.
son incorrectos. Aunque En cuanto
puede
than me; Hes shorter than
a moven me lo invent para la ocasin. him. a moven
quemeloslodos
invent para parezcan
primeros la ocasin.correctos, no lo son. Dije
voy (entre comillas) sera I said Im going.

Aqu estamos ante uno de los errores ms comunes que cometen Aqu estamos ante uno de los errores ms comunes que cometen
los espaoles No olvides que quieren
la segunda parte de en lala frase es con
una
El verbo cuando
can es quieren integrarse
un auxiliary en siempre
con lo cual la cocina
exigecon
un los espaoles cuando integrarse cocina
angloparlantes. Remover no se traduce ni move (cambiar de pregunta indirecta. La confusin puede surgir debido
angloparlantes. Remover no se traduce ni move (cambiar de a que
5.sitio) infinitive SIN to. Por otro lado, la expresin sinnima
D ni remove (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas remove be 6.sitio)
B ni elremove
verbo en este A
(quitar). caso es se
veces do,dice
el mismo que utiliszamos
en las recetas remove
able s requiere to. La respuesta 5.b. es absurda ya que
the sauce peroPuedes
casi siempre como auxiliar para hacer preguntas directas. El orden ha de
significa poderseayudarme?
aade from (una heat. En cuanto
theredundancia total). the sauce pero casi siempre se aade from the heat. En cuanto
a moven me lo invent para la ocasin. ser who + verbo en el pasado.
a moven me lo invent para la ocasin.

Aqu estamos ante uno de los errores ms comunes que cometen Aqu estamos ante uno de los errores ms comunes que cometen
los espaoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina con los espaoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina con
angloparlantes. es un sendero
A pathRemover o un camino.
no se traduce ni moveSin (cambiar
embargo,deel Si no Remover
angloparlantes. ests casado,no seeres single.
traduce Solitary
ni move significa
(cambiar de
7.sitio)
D ni camino a algn sitio es the way. Route se utiliza
remove (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas remove ms 8.sitio)
B ni solitario mientras que alone es para cuando estamos
remove (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas remove
parapero
the sauce un camino o recorrido
casi siempre se aadehabitual y noheat.
from the puntual.
En cuanto solos
the sauce y lonely
pero para cuando
casi siempre se aadenosfrom
sentimos solos.En cuanto
the heat.
a moven me lo invent para la ocasin. a moven me lo invent para la ocasin.

28
mastering
THE INTERROGATIVE 80
This month were going to look at the verb to be able. At the
end of the month youll be able to do this list in your sleep!

Yes, I was able to say my good-byes. ? Were you able to say your good-byes?

No, I wasnt able to meet the deadline. ? Were you able to meet the deadline?

Yes, I was able to jump over the fence. ? Were you able to jump over the fence?

No, I wasnt able to put off the appointment any longer. ? Were you able to put off the appointment (any longer)?

Yes, I was able to learn the speech by heart. ? Were you able to learn the speech by heart?

No, I wasnt able to skin the rabbit. ? Were you able to skin the rabbit?

Yes, I was able to make my point. ? Were you able to make your point?

No, I wasnt able to rinse my hair. ? Were you able to rinse your hair?

Yes, I was able to boil the eggs. ? Were you able to boil the eggs?

No, I wasnt able to shake hands with them. ? Were you able to shake hands with them?

Yes, I was able to attend the ceremony. ? Were you able to attend the ceremony?

No, I wasnt able to make out what he was saying. ? Were you able to make out what he was saying?

Yes, I was able to get in through the back door. ? Were you able to get in (through the back door)?

No, I wasnt able to put those jeans back on. ? Were you able to put those jeans back on?

Yes, I was able to lift the bed without any help. ? Were you able to lift the bed without any help?

No, I wasnt able to think of anything on the spot. ? Were you able to think of anything on the spot?

30
 elision fields
ASNAS
La p
gina
te ay que
Yet another look at the way we slide one word into another creating new words which sound uda
com con
unintelligible to a Spaniard. For example, when we say itsa we are actually using three words you know
pren la
perfectly well: it + is + a. It is essential to learn these new words as it will help your understanding of the sin
audi
spoken language enormously. Recognizing these contractions or, in some cases, elisions, represents the key to tiva
reaching a better understanding of English as spoken by native speakers. It is the key to English Paradise.
Dont forget that the Elision Fields are right before the Elysian Fields.
Have you ever been asked to do something ASAP? Then youll probably know what it stands for: as soon
as possible. And if you pronounce it correctly, it comes out as two words, not four: ASNAS psibol.
Lets practise!

Please send it to me ASNAS possible.

Por favor envamelo cuanto antes.
Please send it to me as soon as possible.

Well do it ASNAS he gets here.

Lo haremos tan pronto como l llegue aqu.
Well do it as soon as he gets here.

Ill call you ASNAS I find out.

Te llamar en cuanto me entere.
Ill call you as soon as I find out.

He cried ASNAS it broke down.

l llor en cuanto se estrope.
He cried as soon as it broke down.

Come in ASNAS we leave.

Entrad en cuanto nos vayamos.
Come in as soon as we leave.

Tie them up ASNAS they fall asleep.

talos tan pronto como se duerman.
Tie them up as soon as they fall asleep.

Those come out ASNAS it gets dark.

Esos salen en cuanto oscurece.
Those come out as soon as it gets dark.

She wakes up ASNAS the sun rises.

Ella se despierta tan pronto como sale el sol.
She wakes up as soon as the sun rises.

31
translation list
Ponte a prueba.Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y traduce al ingls
las frases en castellano. Comprobars que tu nivel mejora a medida que
ue tu
Consig avanzas en la lista. Incluimos dos listas para diferentes niveles.
tion
Transla
t
Bookle

Nivel Principiante

1. Qu libro ms interesante! 1. What an interesting book!

2. Qu manzanas ms buenas! 2. What good apples!

3. Qu es? 3. What is it?

4. La respuesta del director es la siguiente: 4. The directors answer is the following:

5. El dinero de la gente es el dinero del pas. 5. The peoples money is the countrys money.

6. No est esto contra las reglas? 6. Isnt this against the rules?

7. Dnde est la ropa de tus padres? 7. Where are your parents clothes?

8. Aquellos son mos, no? 8. Those are mine, arent they?

9. Es hora ya? 9. Is it time now?

10. Por qu son de ella? 10. Why are they hers?

Nivel Avanzado

1. Mi to se parece a m. 1. My uncle looks like me.

2. Debe de ser muy feo tu to. 2. Youre uncle must be very ugly.

3. Qu quieres decir? 3. What do you mean?

4. Te he ofendido? 4. Have I offended you?

5. Es un hombre guapo. 5. Hes a handsome man.

6. Pars es una ciudad hermosa. 6. Paris is a beautiful city.

7. Es una chica guapa. 7. Shes a pretty girl.

8. Ya se ha mandado. 8. Its already been sent.

9. Ya se ha decidido. 9. Its already been decided.

10. No se ha hecho an. 10. It hasnt been done yet.

34
 creepy corner
EL TERRIBLE... I run a familiar business
g i n a d e los
La p El adjetivo familiar se traduce por familiar en castellano, pero no tiene que ver
ms
errores s con ninguna familia, sino con que algo nos resulte familiar, que nos suene. El
m u n e s y m adjetivo de familia, por as decirlo, es igual que el sustantivo: family. As que
co
es
horribl evitemos decir cosas raras como: I run a familiar business cuando queremos
decir: I run a family business.

Se han comprado un coche familiar Theyve bought a familiar family

porque ella est embarazada. car because shes pregnant.

Los lazos familiares pueden ser ms Familiar Family ties can be stronger
fuertes de lo que te puedas imaginar. than you can imagine.

Es un asunto familiar; deberamos mantenernos al margen. Its a familiar family affair; we should stay out of it.

La reunin familiar tuvo lugar en The familiar family reunion took

casa de sus (de ellos) padres. place in their parents house.

Dirigir un negocio familiar no es tarea fcil. Running a familiar family business is no easy task.

La planificacin familiar es una prctica bastante nueva. Familiar Family planning is a fairly new practice.

Ms vale que compres un pack familiar;

Youd better buy a familiar family pack; its a lot cheaper.
es mucho ms barato.

Las botellas tamao familiar estn en ese estante. Familiar-sized Family-sized bottles are on that shelf.

Puedes llevar a tus hijos; es un espectculo para familias. You can take your children; its a familiar family show.

Cenar juntos es una tradicin familiar. Having dinner together is a familiar family tradition.

35