UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

FACULTY: SCIENCE AND SPORT

SCHOOL: NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Final Examination, Semester I

__________________________________________________________________
Module Name: General Chemistry I

Module Code: CHY2021

Date: December 2013

Theory/Practical: Theory

Groups: DN/ EH/ MT/ AS/ SE/OHS/ B.ENG (Constr.)/ B.ENG (Civil)/

B.ENG (Ind.)/ B.ENG (Elec.)/ B.ENG (Mech.)

Duration: 2 hours
______________________________________________________________________________
INSTRUCTIONS:
This paper consists of xx printed pages with two sections.

Answer all questions in Section I (on Scantron sheet) and any two (2) questions from Section II.

Note: Periodic Table of Elements attached.

______________________________________________________________________________
Constants: 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 1.013 x 105 Pa
Avogadros number = 6.022 x 1023
Universal Gas constant, R = 8.314 J mol-1 K-1 = 0.08206 L atm K-1 mol-1
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Plancks constant (h) = 6.623 x 10-34 J s
Speed of Light (c) = 3.00 x 108 m s-1
Rydbergs constant (R) = 1.0974 x 10-2 nm-1 = 2.18 x 1018J
Faradays constant, 1 F = 96500 C mol-1

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 DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SOSECTION I (40

MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all questions in this section on the Scantron sheet

provided.

1. Which of the following are chemical processes?

I. rusting of a nail
II. freezing of water
III. decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases
IV. compression of oxygen gas

a) I, II, IV
b) I, III
c) I, IV
d) I, II

2. All of the following are properties of zinc. Which one is a physical property?

a) It has a density of 7.14 g/cm3.

b) It produces hydrogen gas when added to dilute sulfuric acid.
c) It burns in air at red heat to a give a white gas.
d) It gives off heat when reacted with iodine.

3. Convert 0.941 g/cm2 to kg/m2

a) 9.41 kg/m2
b) 941 kg/m2
c) 9410 kg/m2
d) 0.00941 kg/m2

4. Accuracy refers to __________.

a) how close a measured number is to zero

b) how close a measured number is to the true value

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 c) how close a measured number is to the calculated value
d) how close a measured number is to other measured numbers

5. The number 1.00430 has ______ significant figures.

a) 2
b) 3
c) 5
d) 6

4
6. The correct result (indicating the proper number of significant figures) of the following
calculation is ______.
12.3 0.316
72

a) 0.175222
b) 0.1752
c) 0.18
d) 0.2

7. What is the order of increasing energy of the orbitals within a single energy level?
a) d < s < f < p
b) s < p < d < f
c) p < s < f < d
d) f < d < p < s

8. What is the electron configuration of the Cr2+ ion?

a) [Ar] 3d5 4s1

b) [Ar] 3d3 4s1

c) [Ar] 3d6 4s1

d) [Ar] 3d4 4s0

9. The statement that the ground state configuration of an atom is generated by filling in
levels from the lowest (energy-wise) to the highest with electrons observing the
maximum for each of these levels is:
a) The Aufbau principle
b) The Pauli-exclusion priciple
c) Bohrs atomic model
d) Hunds Rule

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10. Which of the following most accurately describes the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) in
atoms?
a) The screening effect on an outer electrons caused by inner electron clouds.
b) The pulling effect on valence electrons caused by the total nuclear charge.
c) The net attractive force coming from the nucleus that is felt by an electron.
d) The total charge exhibited by all the protons in an atomic nucleus.

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11. In the emission spectrum of hydrogen, which electronic transition would produce a line in
the visible region (Balmer series) of the electromagnetic spectrum?
a) n = 2 n = 1
b) n = 3 n = 2
c) n = 2 n = 3
d) n = n = 1

12. 300 cm3 of water is added to a solution of 200 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm3 sodium chloride.
What is the concentration of sodium chloride in the new solution?

a) 0.05 mol dm3

b) 0.1 mol dm3

c) 0.2 mol dm3

d) 0.3 mol dm3

13. What is the number of oxygen atoms in one mole of CuSO45H2O?

a) 5
b) 9

c) 6.0 1023

d) 5.4 1024

14. Air bags in cars inflate when sodium azide decomposes to form sodium and nitrogen:
2NaN3(s) 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

Calculate the amount, in moles, of nitrogen gas produced by the decomposition of

2.52 moles of NaN3(s).

a) 1.68
b) 2.52
c) 3.78
d) 7.56

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15. Which compound has the empirical formula with the largest mass?
a) C2H6

b) C2H4

c) C2H2

d) C3H6

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16. The Lewis structure of SO2 is given below.

What is the shape of the SO2 molecule?

a) Bent (V-shaped)
b) Linear
c) T-shaped
d) Triangular planar

17. Which intermolecular forces exist between molecules of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH?
a) Hydrogen bonds and London Dispersion forces
b) Dipole-dipole attractions and London Dispersion forces
c) London Dispersion forces only
d) Dipole-dipole attractions only

18. Which substance is made up of a lattice of positive ions and free moving electrons?
a) Graphite
b) Sodium chloride
c) Sulfur
d) Sodium

19. What happens when magnesium metal reacts with chlorine gas?
a) Each magnesium atom loses two electrons and each chlorine atom gains two
electrons.
b) Each magnesium atom gains one electron and each chlorine atom loses one
electron.
c) Each magnesium atom loses two electrons and each chlorine atom gains one
electron.
d) Each magnesium atom gains one electron and each chlorine atom loses two
electrons.

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20. _________ is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount
of area.
a) Viscosity
b) Surface tension
c) Volatility
d) Meniscus

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21. The property that measures or describes the magnitude of resistance to flow in a liquid is
called:
a) malleability
b) surface tension
c) vapour pressure
d) viscosity

22. The shape of a liquid's meniscus is determined by __________.

a) the viscosity of the liquid
b) the type of material the container is made of
c) the relative magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and
adhesive forces between the liquid and its container
d) the volume of the liquid

23. What is the molecular weight of a gas that has a density of 7.10 g/L at 25.0 C and 1.00
atm?
a) 174
b) 14.6
c) 28.0
d) 5.75 10-3

24. Which statement about bonding is correct?

a) Bond breaking is endothermic and requires energy.
b) Bond breaking is endothermic and releases energy.
c) Bond making is exothermic and requires energy.
d) Bond making is endothermic and releases energy.

25. Consider the following reactions.

1
Cu2O(s) + 2 O2(g) 2CuO(s) HO = 144 kJ

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 Cu2O(s) Cu(s) + CuO(s) HO = +11 kJ

What is the value of HO, in kJ, for this reaction?

1
Cu (s) + 2 O2 (g) CuO(s)

a) 144 + 11
b) +144 11
c) 144 11
d) +144 + 11

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26. Which is correct about energy changes during bond breaking and bond formation?

Bond breaking Bond formation

a) exothermic and H positive endothermic and H negative
a

b) exothermic and H negative endothermic and H positive

b

c) endothermic and H exothermic and H negative

c positive

d) endothermic and H exothermic and H positive

d negative

27. Which statement is correct given the enthalpy level diagram below?

a) The reaction is endothermic and the products are more thermodynamically

stable than the reactants.
b) The reaction is exothermic and the products are more thermodynamically stable
than the reactants.
c) The reaction is endothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically
stable than the products.
d) The reaction is exothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically stable
than the products.

28. Which statements describe the action of a catalyst?

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 I. It does not alter the H for a reaction.
II. It increases the Ea for the reaction.

III. It alters the mechanism (pathway) of a reaction.

a) I and II only
b) I and III only
c) II and III only
d) I, II and III

29. Which unit could be used for the rate of a chemical reaction?
a) mol
b) mol dm-3
c) mol dm-3 s-1

d) dm3
30. Bromine and nitrogen(II) oxide react according to the following equation.
Br2(g) + 2NO(g) 2NOBr(g)

Which rate equation is consistent with the experimental data?

[Br2] / mol dm-3 [NO] / mol dm-3 Rate / mol dm-3 s-1
0.10 0.10 1.0 106
0.20 0.10 4.0 106
0.20 0.40 4.0 106

a) rate = k[Br2] 2 [NO]

b) rate = k[Br2] [NO] 2

c) rate = k[Br2] 2

d) rate = k[NO] 2

31. The rate constant was found to be 0.583 dm3 mol-1 s-1, for a first order reaction,
involving a single reactant. What is the half life for this reaction?
a) 114.4 s

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 b) 1.19 s
c) 38.87 s
d) 83.33 s

32. 0.50 mol of I2 (g) and 0.50 mol of Br2 (g) are placed in a closed flask. The following
equilibrium is established.
I2(g) + Br2(g) IBr(g)

The equilibrium mixture contains 0.80 mol of IBr(g). What is the value of Kc?

a) 0.64
b) 1.3
c) 2.6
d) 64

33. Which statement is always correct for a chemical reaction at equilibrium?

a) The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
b) The amounts of reactants and products are equal.
c) The concentration of the reactants and products are constantly changing.
d) The forward reaction occurs to a greater extent than the reverse reaction.

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34. The value of Kc for the reaction below is 1.10 at 25.0 C. What is the value of Kp for this
reaction?
4CuO (s) + CH4 (g) CO2 (g) + 4Cu (s) + 2H2O (g)
a) 658
b) 37.2
c) 26.9
d) 4.63

35. An increase in temperature increases the amount of chlorine present in the following
equilibrium.
PCl5 (s) PCl3 (l) + Cl2 (g)

What is the best explanation for this?

a) The higher temperature increases the rate of the forward reaction only.
b) The higher temperature increases the rate of the reverse reaction only.
c) The higher temperature increases the rate of both reactions but the forward
reaction is affected more than the reverse.
d) The higher temperature increases the rate of both reactions but the reverse
reaction is affected more than the forward.

36. Which equation represents the reduction process occurring in the standard hydrogen
electrode?

a) H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l)

b) 2H+(aq) + 2e H2(g)

c) O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e 2H2O(l)

d) H2(g) 2H+(aq) + 2e

37. What is the cell potential, in V, for the reaction that occurs when the following two half-
cells are connected?

Fe2+ (aq) + 2e Fe(s) EO = 0.44 V

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 Cr2O72 (aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e 2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O (l) EO = +1.33 V

a) + 0.01
b) + 0.89
c) + 1.77
d) + 2.65

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38. The electrode at which the oxidation occurs is called the _______.
a) Oxidizing agent
b) Cathode
c) Reducing agent
d) Anode

39. The respective standard reduction potentials in volts (V) for Ni2+ and Ag+ are -0.28 and
+0.80. The oxidizing agent in this cell is ______.
a) Ni
b) Ni2+
c) Ag+
d) Ag

40. Which conditions are usually stated for a standard hydrogen electrode?

I. Hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1.01 105 Pa (1 atm)

II. 1.0 mol dm3 solution of any acid

III. Temperature of 25 C (298 K)
a) I and II only

b) I and III only

c) II and III only

d) I, II and III

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 SECTION II (40 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ANY two (2) questions in the answer booklet.

QUESTION 1
a) Adipic acid, H2C6H8O4, is used to produce nylon. The acid is made
commercially by a controlled reaction between cyclohexane
(C6Hl2 and O2).
2C6H12 (l) + 5O2 (g) 2H2C6H8O4 (l) + 2H2O (g)

Assume that you carry out this reaction starting with 25.0 g of
cyclohexane and that cyclohexane is the limiting reactant.
i. What is the theoretical yield of adipic acid?
ii. If you obtain 33.5 g of adipic acid from your reaction, what is the
percentage yield of,adipic acid? (3 + 1 marks)

b) Nicotine, a component of tobacco, is composed of C, H, and N. A

5.250 g sample of nicotine was combusted, producing 14.242 g
of CO2 and 4.083 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula for
nicotine? If nicotine has a molar mass of 160 g/ mol, what is its
molecular formula? (6 marks)

c)
i. Why are monatomic cations smaller than their corresponding
neutral atoms. (2 marks)

ii. What is the general trend in first ionization energies as one

proceeds down the group 7? Explain how this trend relates to the
variation in atomic radii. (3 marks)

d)
i. Calculate the velocity of a neutron, whose de Broglie wavelength is
500 nm. Mass of neutron = 1.6749 x 10-27 kg. (2 marks)
ii. Calculate the wavelength of the radiation emitted when an electron
in the hydrogen atom falls from the 6th to the 2nd energy level. (3 marks)

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20
QUESTION 2

a) With the aid of suitable examples and clearly labelled diagrams, explain
the occurrence of the following intermolecular forces:
i. Dipole-dipole forces
ii. Metallic bonding (3 +3 marks)

b) Deduce and name the VSEPR predicted shape and actual molecular
geometry for:
i. ClF5
ii. PCl4- (4 marks)

c)
i. What two properties or characteristics of real gas molecules
Causes them to behave non-ideally?
ii. Under what experimental conditions of temperature and pressure
do gases usually behave non-ideally?

iii. A deep-sea diver uses a gas cylinder with a volume of 10.0 L and
a content of 51.2 g of O2 and 32.6 g of He. Calculate the partial
pressure of each gas and the total pressure if the temperature of
the gas mixture is 19 C. (2+2+6 marks)

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QUESTION 3

a) The energy level diagram (Born-Haber cycle) for caesium chloride is shown
below.

C s+ ( g ) + C l ( g ) + e

1
H 4 = +121 kJ m ol
1
H 5 = 364 kJ m ol

C s + ( g ) + 12 C l 2 ( g ) + e

+
H 3 = +376 kJ m ol
1
C s (g ) + C l (g )

C s ( g ) + 12 C l 2 ( g )

H 2 = +79 kJ m ol 1

H 6
1
C s(s) + C l 2(g )2

1
H 1 = 433 kJ m ol

C s C l(s )

i. Give the names for the enthalpy changes labelled H1, H2 and H3.
ii. Calculate the lattice energy H6. (3+2 marks)

b) From the following enthalpies of reaction:

H2 (g) + F2 (g) 2 HF (g) H = 537 kJ
C (s) + 2 F2 (g) CF4 (g) H = 680 kJ
2 C (s) + 2 H2 (g) C2H4 (g) H = +52.3 kJ

Calculate H for the reaction of ethylene (C2H4) with F2:

C2H4 (g) + 6 F2 (g) 2 CF4 (g) + 4 HF (g) (5 marks)

c) Initial rate data at 25 oC are listed in the table below for the reaction:

NH4+ (aq) + NO2 (aq) N2 (g) + 2H2O (l)

Exp. Initial Initial [NO2-] Initial Rate of

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 [NH4+] (M) consumption
(M) of NH4+ (M/s)
1 0.24 0.10 7.2 10-6
2 0.12 0.10 3.6 10-6
3 0.12 0.15 5.4 10-6

i. From the table, calculate the order with respect to each reactant, the
overall order of reaction and hence determine the rate law.
ii. What is the value and units of the rate constant? (4+2 marks)
iii. Given the relevant data of time and concentration for a given
reaction, briefly describe two ways in which you would distinguish
if the reaction is first or second order. (4 marks)
QUESTION 4

a)
i. Define the term dynamic equilibrium. (1 mark)

ii. A closed system initially containing 1.000 10-3 M H2 and

2.0 10-3 M 12 at 448 oC is allowed to reach equilibrium.
Analysis of the equilibrium mixture shows that the
concentration of HI is 1.87 10-3 M. Calculate Kc, at 448 oC
for the reaction taking place, which is:
H (g) + I (g) 2 HI (g)
2 (5

marks)

iii. For the Haber process:

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3 (g), Kp = 1.45 10- 5 at 500 oC
In an equilibrium mixture of the three gases at 500 oC, the partial
pressure of H2 is 0.928 atm and that of N2 is 0.432 atm. What is the
partial pressure of NH3 in this equilibrium mixture? (4 marks)

b) A voltaic cell is constructed by combining two half cells. One cell is made
from placing a strip of a silver in a solution of 1M AgNO3, and the other
has an iron strip placed in a solution of 1M FeCl2,. The overall
cell reaction is:

Fe (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) Fe2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s)

i. What is being oxidized, and what is being reduced?

ii. Write balanced half cell-reactions that occur at the two electrode

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 compartments.
iii. State which electrode is acting as the anode and which is the
cathode.
iv. Write the short hand notation for this cell.
v. What is the function of a salt bridge in this cell? Name a suitable
chemical that could be used to make a salt bridge. (25 marks)

****END OF PAPER****

24
 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1 2
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1.0079 4.003

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Litium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.941 9.012 10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
22.990 24.305 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.066 35.453 39.948

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.098 40.08 44.956 47.88 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.847 58.933 58.69 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.47 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.95 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.17 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.29

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platium Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.90 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.2 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)

87 88 89
Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
(223) (226) (227)

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