SMK DATO HAJI KAMARUDDIN

JALAN RASATHURAI ,44000 KUALA KUBU BHARU ,SELANGOR

The Latest Development in Networks and Communications

NAME : JOWETT TAI WEI

NO, KP: 001104-14-0054

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1.0 Introduction
A computer network or data network is a telecommunication network that allows
computer to exchange data . In computer networks , networked computing devices
(network nodes) pass data to each other along data connections. The connections
(network links ) between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless
media . The best-know computer network is the Internet .
Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are
called network nodes. Nodes can include hosts such as personal computers,
phones, servers as well as networking hardware. Two such devices can be said to be
networked together when one device is able to exchange information with the other
device, whether or not they have a direct connection to each other.
Computer networks differ in the transmission medium used to carry their signals,
the communications protocols to organize network traffic, the network's
size, topology and organizational intent.
Computer networks support an enormous number of applications and servicessuch as
access to the World Wide Web, digital video, digital audio, shared use of application and
storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use ofemail and instant
messaging applications as well as many others. In most cases, application-specific
communications protocols are layered (i.e. carried as payload) over other more general
communications protocols.

2.0 Mobile Computing

2.1 Definition
Moblie Computer is humancomputer interaction by which a computer is
expected to be transported during normal usage, which allows for transmission of
data, voice and video. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile
hardware, and mobile software. Communication issues include ad hoc
networks and infrastructure networks as well as communication
properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies. Hardware
includes mobile devices or device components. Mobile software deals with the
characteristics and requirements of mobile applications.
2.2 Specification , services and frequencies of Mobile Computing
Apple iPhone 6S

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 SPECFICATION
GSM/CDMA/HSPA/EVDO/LTE Bluetooth v4.2,A2DP,LE

Wi-Fi802.11a/b/g/n/ac,dual-band, hotspot
FREQUENCIES
GSM 850/900/1800/1900

CDMA 800/1700 1900/2100

HSDPA 850/900/1700/1900/2100
SERVICES
HTML5 (Safari),-iCloud cloud service iMessage, SMS (threaded
view),MMS,Email,PushEmail,

Fingerprint, accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass, barometer

3.0 Internet Technology and Services

3.1 VoIP

Voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) is a methodology and group technologies for
the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Protocol (IP)
network such as internet .Other terms commonly associated with VoIP are IP
telephony Internet telephony ,voice over broadband( VoBB ) ,broadband
telephony ,IP communications ,and broadband phone service.

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 3.2 BLOG

A blog (a truncation of the expression weblog) is a discussion or informational

site published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete entries ("posts")
typically displayed in reverse chronological order (the most recent post appears
first). Until 2009, blogs were usually the work of a single individual [citation needed],
occasionally of a small group, and often covered a single subject. More recently,
"multi-author blogs" (MABs) have developed, with posts written by large
numbers of authors and professionally edited. MABs from newspapers, other
media outlets, universities, think tanks,advocacy groups, and similar institutions
account for an increasing quantity of blog traffic. The rise of Twitter and other
"microblogging" systems helps integrate MABs and single-author blogs into
societal newstreams. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add
content to a blog.

4.0 Types of network

4.1 PAN

A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network organized around an

individual person within a single building. This could be inside a small office or
residence. A typical PAN would include one or more computers, telephones,
peripheral devices, video game consoles and other personal entertainment
devices.
If multiple individuals use the same network within a residence, the network is
sometimes referred to as a home area network, or HAN. In a very typical setup, a
residence will have a single wired Internet connection connected to a modem.
This modem then provides both wired and wireless connections for multiple

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 devices. The network is typically managed from a single computer but can be
accessed from any device.

4.2 VPN

A virtual private network also known as a VPN is a private network that extends across a
public network or internet. It enables users to send and receive data across shared or public
networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. VPNs
can provide functionality, security and/or network management benefits to the user. But they
can also lead to new issues, and some VPN services, especially "free" ones, can actually
violate their users' privacy by logging their usage and making it available without their
consent, or make money by selling the user's bandwidth to other users.

4.3 WLAN

A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more
devices using a wireless distribution method (often spread-spectrum orOFDM radio) within
a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building. This gives
users the ability to move around within a local coverage area and yet still be connected to the
network. A WLAN can also provide a connection to the wider Internet.

Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards and are marketed under the Wi-
Fi brand name.

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Wireless LANs have become popular for use in the home, due to their ease of installation and
use. They are also popular in commercial complexes that offer wireless access to their
customers (often without charge). New York City, for instance, has begun a pilot program to
provide city workers in all five boroughs of the city with wireless Internet access.

4.4 WIMAX

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a family

ofwireless communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards, which
provide multiple physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) options.

The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to
promote conformity and interoperability of the standard, including the definition of
predefined system profiles for commercial vendors. The forum describes WiMAX as "a
standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an
alternative to cable andDSL". IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced is a candidate for
the 4G, in competition with the LTE Advanced standard.

5.0 Conclusion
Computer network communications system is a model technology is an important part.
Communications technologies are moving in the digital, broadband .high speed and
intelligent, integrated, rapid development in the direction of the network . It will give
people quality of life, provides people with satisfaction and control needs.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
http://cdn.grid.fotosearch.com/CSP/CSP763/k7636420.jpg
http://www.apple.com/iphone/compare/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP

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