e throttle lever must be advanced, manually, in order to maintain a desired pres

sure.
Sometimes an engine device can add more fuel/ air mixture automatically, without
the pilot
moving the throttle lever. Eventually, in the climb, an altitude will be reached
where manifold
pressure can no longer be maintained. In this case, the throttle lever will rema
in at maximum
forward and manifold pressure will start to reduce. This altitude is called full t
hrottle height
and the power is said to be at full throttle .
The SEP has a retractable undercarriage. The tables assume that the undercarriag
e is at the
appropriate position for the stage of flight i.e. down or extended for landing and
take-off,
up or retracted for climb, cruise and descent. There is no requirement to consider
abnormal
cases.
Details:
Maximum Take-off Mass (MTOM) 3650 lb
Maximum Landing Mass (MLM) 3650 lb
Maximum fuel load 74 US.gal
Fuel density 6 lb/US.gal (unless advised otherwise)
Single-engine Piston Aeroplane
(SEP) GRAPHS & TABLES
Please refer to CAP 697 where all the graphs and tables for SEP will be found.
NB. In the EASA Flight Planning exam you will be issued with a workbook instead
of the CAP 697
in which will be the necessary pages for that particular paper.
Each graph and table type within CAP 697 has an example to explain how the parti
cular graph
or table is used. Therefore, the method is not repeated in these notes.
SEP - Time, Fuel and Distance to Climb Data
(Ref. CAP 697 Fig. 2.1.)
The graph gives time, fuel and distance (NAM) to climb to any height (as pressur
e altitude and
OAT) from MSL. If the airport is at MSL, the climb data can be read from the gra
ph in one pass.
If the airport is not at sea level then you have to extract the data for the top
of climb (TOC) or
initial cruising level, then extract data for the airport and take the airport d
ata away from your
cruising level to get the correct figures.
4 Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP)
52
4 Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP)
Climb Examples
1. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 2.1
Given:
Airfield at MSL
OAT +20C
Mass 3650 lb
Climb to FL100 OAT -10C
What is the time, fuel and distance covered in the climb?
Time Fuel Distance
With a 30 kt tailwind; what is the ground distance covered in the climb?
2. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 2.1
Given:
Airfield at 3000 ft
OAT +15C
Mass 3200 lb
Climb to FL120 ISA
What are the time, fuel and distance covered in the climb?
Time Fuel Distance
FL120
3000 ft
Difference
With a 40 kt headwind; what is the ground distance covered in the climb?
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53
Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP) 4
Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP)
Answers to Climb Examples
1.
Time Fuel Distance
13 4.8 27
33 NGM
2.
Time Fuel Distance
FL120 14 5 29
3000 ft 3 1 5
Difference 11 4 24
17 NGM
Cruise Power Settings Tables
Each table in the Figure 2.2 series shows the performance data for a given power
setting. For
example, table 2.2.1 is for:
Manifold pressure of 25.0 inHg (mercury) @ 2500 rpm.
The data is given for three different ISA temperature deviations: STANDARD DAY,
ISA +20C
and ISA -20C. Note that above a certain altitude (full throttle height ), the sta
ted manifold
pressure cannot be produced by the engine and the tabulated values of manifold p
ressures
(shaded areas) are approximately the maximum that can be expected.
The tables are used by turning to the page for the selected power setting and th
en selecting
the appropriate Pressure Altitude and interpolating for each single degree of IS
A Deviation to
extract the necessary information.
Interpolation between pressure altitudes is required.
Cruise Example
3. Refer to CAP 697 Figure 2.2 & 2.3 and extract the following data
TAS IAS PPH USG
Given: 25 @ 2500 rpm FL90 ISA +5C
Given: 21 @ 2100 rpm FL90 ISA -15C
Given: 23 @ 2300 rpm FL100 ISA +10C
4 Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP)
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4 Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP)