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Trini Nguyen

Dr. Bruce

ENGL 363

15 March 2017

A Review of Optical Tear Film Measuring Techniques: Annotated Bibliography (APA Format)

Purpose

This review will encompass theanalyze various techniques used to diagnose dry-eye

diseases and the mathematical approaches to correlate light andused to measure tear film

thicknesses.

Introduction

Dry-eye diseases affects approximately 12 million people in the U.S. alone. If left

untreated, these diseases can lead to serious eye damage, such as scarring on the cornea and loss

of vision. Due to these risks, it is important for those with dry-eye diseases to be treated properly.

However, optometrists are often unable to prescribe correct treatments to patients because there

currently does not exist an accurate method to diagnose dry-eye diseases. Researchers and

engineers are still at working trying to fashion the perfect method that will be able to can

accurately measure the amount of tears on ones eyes while providing the patient with no

discomforteliminating patient discomfort., Currently, optometrists are advised to use an array of

and various methods and technological resourcesy. are suggested for optometrists to use in their

offices. These various techniques differ in their mathematical approach of describing the

behavior of tears over time. This review article will compare these techniques, highlight tears

properties that should be considered in the properties of tears that these techniques consider, and
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point out what still needs to be considered whensuggest improvements for diagnosing dry-eye

diseases.

McCulley, J.P., & Shine, W. (1997). A cCompositional bBased mModel for the tTear fFilm

lLipid lLayer. Transactions of the American Ophthalmology Society, 95, 79-93.

Purpose: Physics techniques were used to contradict past conclusions of the tear film

lipid layer and to determine that nonpolar lipids are dependent on polar lipids.
This source can be used to describe tearsthe complex properties of tears and how these

characteristicsy contribute to the difficulty of establishing an accurate method to diagnose

dry-eye diseases.

Yokoi, N., Yamada, H., Mizukusa, Y., Bron, A.J., Tiffany, J.M., Kato, T., & Kinoshita, S. (2008).

Rheology of tTear fFilm lLipid lLayer sSpread in nNormal and aAqueous tTear-dDeficient dDry

eEyes. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 49, 5319-5324.

Purpose: Mathematics is used to describe the viscoelasticity of tear film lipids, which is

seen to spread slower in aqueous-deficient eyes.

This source can be used to discuss methods to diagnose aqueous-deficient dry-eye

disease.

Prydal, J.I. & Campbell, F. W. (1992). Study ofp Precorneal tTear fFilm tThickness and

sStructure by iInterferometry and coConfocal mMicroscopy. Investigative Ophthalmology &

Visual Science, 33, 1996-2005.

Purpose: Past estimates of tear thickness is contradicted as it is foundin this work as

Prydal and Campbell conclude that tears are composed more of mucus than aqueous

solution.
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This source can be used to discuss the makeup of tears and emphasize how there is still

much debate in the tears itself. This disagreement of tear makeup and properties are one

of the reasons why an accurate diagnostic method to detect dry-eye diseases is still not

available.

Remeseiro, B., Penas, M., Mosquera, A., Novo, J., Penedo, M.G., & Yebra-Pimentel, E. (2012).

Statistical cComparison of cClassifiers aApplied to the iInterferential tTear fFilm lLipid

lLayer aAutomatic cClassification. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine,

2012, 1-10.

Purpose: Different algorithms were tested to identify the best one to categorize the

several types of tear film lipids according to color texture.

This source can be used to explain how tear film lipid layers can differ in humans, which

adds to the difficulty of developing a method to diagnose dry-eye diseases.