hw8 PDF

11/10/2014 HW week8
HWweek8
Due:11:59pmonWednesday,October22,2014
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy
Exercise8.12
Abatstrikesa0.145kgbaseball.Justbeforeimpact,theballistravelinghorizontallytotherightat45.0m/s,anditleavesthebattravelingtotheleftatan
angleof35 abovehorizontalwithaspeedof65.0m/s.Theballandbatareincontactfor1.75ms.
PartA
Findthehorizontalcomponentoftheaverageforceontheball.Takethexdirectiontobepositivetotheright
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
Fx = 8100 N
Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed
PartB
Findtheverticalcomponentoftheaverageforceontheball.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
Fy = 3100 N
Correct
ABallHitsaWallElastically
Aballofmassmmovingwithvelocityv i strikesaverticalwall.Theanglebetweentheball'sinitial
velocityvectorandthewallisi asshownonthediagram,whichdepictsthesituationasseen
fromabove.Thedurationofthecollisionbetweentheballandthewallist,andthiscollisionis
completelyelastic.Frictionisnegligible,sotheballdoesnotstartspinning.Inthisidealized
collision,theforceexertedontheballbythewallisparalleltothexaxis.
Typesettingmath:55%
PartA
Whatisthefinalanglef thattheball'svelocityvectormakeswiththenegativeyaxis?
Expressyouranswerintermsofquantitiesgivenintheproblemintroduction.
Youdidnotopenhintsforthispart.
ANSWER:
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=3229422 1/44
11/10/2014 HW week8
f =
PartB
Thisquestionwillbeshownafteryoucompletepreviousquestion(s).
ARelationBetweenMomentumandKineticEnergy
PartA
Acardinal(Richmondenacardinalis)ofmass3.80102kgandabaseballofmass0.146kghavethesamekineticenergy.Whatistheratioofthe
cardinal'smagnitudepc ofmomentumtothemagnitudepb ofthebaseball'smomentum?
ANSWER:
pc
pb
=
PartB
Amanweighing670Nandawomanweighing490Nhavethesamemomentum.Whatistheratiooftheman'skineticenergyKm tothatofthewoman
Kw ?
ANSWER:
Km
=
Kw
Exercise8.16
Startingatt=0s,ahorizontalnetforceF = ( 0.265N/s)t ^
i + (0.445N/s2 )t2 ^
j isappliedtoaboxthathasaninitialmomentum
2.85kg m/s)
p = (
^
i +( 3.85kg m/s)^
j .
PartA
Whatisthemomentumoftheboxatt=2.10s?
Enterthexandy componentsofthemomentumseparatedbyacomma.
ANSWER:
p , p
x y
= 2.27,2.48 kg m/s
Correct
TheImpulseMomentumTheorem
11/10/2014 HW week8
LearningGoal:
Tolearnabouttheimpulsemomentumtheoremanditsapplicationsinsomecommoncases.
Usingtheconceptofmomentum,Newton'ssecondlawcanberewrittenas
dp

F = ,(1)
dt
dp
whereF isthenetforceF net

actingontheobject,and istherateatwhichtheobject'smomentumischanging.
dt
Iftheobjectisobservedduringanintervaloftimebetweentimest1 andt2 ,thenintegrationofbothsidesofequation(1)gives
t2 t2 dp

F dt = dt .(2)
t1 t1 dt

Therightsideofequation(2)issimplythechangeintheobject'smomentump2 p1 .Theleftsideiscalledtheimpulseofthenetforceandisdenotedby

J .Thenequation(2)canberewrittenas

J = p2 p1 .
Thisequationisknownastheimpulsemomentumtheorem.Itstatesthatthechangeinanobject'smomentumisequaltotheimpulseofthenetforceacting

ontheobject.InthecaseofaconstantnetforceF net actingalongthedirectionofmotion,theimpulsemomentumtheoremcanbewrittenas
F (t 2 t 1 ) = m v 2 m v 1 .(3)
HereF ,v 1 ,andv 2 arethecomponentsofthecorrespondingvectorquantitiesalongthechosencoordinateaxis.Ifthemotioninquestionistwo

dimensional,itisoftenusefultoapplyequation(3)tothexandycomponentsofmotionseparately.
Thefollowingquestionswillhelpyoulearntoapplytheimpulsemomentumtheoremtothecasesofconstantandvaryingforceactingalongthedirectionof
motion.First,letusconsideraparticleofmassmmovingalongthexaxis.ThenetforceF isactingontheparticlealongthexaxis.F isaconstantforce.
PartA
Theparticlestartsfromrestatt = 0 .Whatisthemagnitudepofthemomentumoftheparticleattimet?Assumethatt > 0 .
Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofm,F ,andt.
ANSWER:
p =
PartB
Theparticlestartsfromrestatt = 0 .Whatisthemagnitudev ofthevelocityoftheparticleattimet?Assumethatt > 0 .
Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofm,F ,andt.
ANSWER:
v =
PartC
Theparticlehasmomentumofmagnitudep1 atacertaininstant.Whatisp2 ,themagnitudeofitsmomentumtsecondslater?
Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofp1 ,m,F ,andt.
ANSWER:
p2 =
PartD
Theparticlehasmomentumofmagnitudep1 atacertaininstant.Whatisv 2 ,themagnitudeofitsvelocitytsecondslater?
Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofp1 ,m,F ,andt.
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
v2 =
Letusnowconsiderseveraltwodimensionalsituations.
Aparticleofmassmismovinginthepositivexdirectionatspeedv .Afteracertainconstantforceisappliedtotheparticle,itmovesinthepositivey
directionatspeed2v .
PartE
FindthemagnitudeoftheimpulseJ deliveredtotheparticle.
Expressyouranswerintermsofmandv .Usethreesignificantfiguresinthenumericalcoefficient.
ANSWER:
J =
PartF

WhichofthevectorsbelowbestrepresentsthedirectionoftheimpulsevectorJ ?
ANSWER:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PartG
PartH
IfthemagnitudeofthenetforceactingontheparticleisF ,howlongdoesittaketheparticletoacquireitsfinalvelocity,2v inthepositiveydirection?
Expressyouranswerintermsofm,F ,andv .Ifyouuseanumericalcoefficient,usethreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
t =
Sofar,wehaveconsideredonlythesituationinwhichthemagnitudeofthenetforceactingontheparticlewaseitherirrelevanttothesolutionorwas
consideredconstant.Letusnowconsideranexampleofavaryingforceactingonaparticle.
PartI
Aparticleofmassm = 5.00 kilogramsisatrestatt = 0.00 seconds.AvaryingforceF (t) = 6.00t
2
4.00t + 3.00 isactingontheparticle
betweent = 0.00 secondsandt = 5.00 seconds.Findthespeedv oftheparticleatt = 5.00 seconds.
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v = m/s
ASuperballCollidesInelasticallywithaTable
Asshowninthefigure,asuperballwithmassmequalto50gramsisdroppedfromaheightof
hi = 1.5 m .Itcollideswithatable,thenbouncesuptoaheightofhf = 1.0 m .Thedurationof
thecollision(thetimeduringwhichthesuperballisincontactwiththetable)istc = 15 ms.In
thisproblem,takethepositiveydirectiontobeupward,anduseg = 9.8 m/s2 forthemagnitude
oftheaccelerationduetogravity.Neglectairresistance.
PartA
Findtheycomponentofthemomentum,pbefore,y ,oftheballimmediatelybeforethecollision.
Expressyouranswernumerically,totwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
p
before,y
= kg m/s
PartB
Findtheycomponentofthemomentumoftheballimmediatelyafterthecollision,thatis,justasitisleavingthetable.
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
p
after,y
= kg m/s
PartC
FindJ y ,theycomponentoftheimpulseimpartedtotheballduringthecollision.
ANSWER:
Jy = kg m/s
PartD
FindtheycomponentofthetimeaveragedforceFavg,y ,innewtons,thatthetableexertsontheball.
ANSWER:
F avg
y
= N
PartE
FindKafter Kbefore ,thechangeinthekineticenergyoftheballduringthecollision,injoules.
ANSWER:
Kafter Kbefore = J
ImpulseonaBaseball
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandtherelationshipbetweenforce,impulse,andmomentum.
TheeffectofanetforceF actingonanobjectisrelatedbothtotheforceandtothetotaltimetheforceactsontheobject.Thephysicalquantityimpulse

J isameasureofboththeseeffects.Foraconstantnetforce,theimpulseisgivenby

J = F t .

Theimpulseisavectorpointinginthesamedirectionastheforcevector.TheunitsofJ areN sorkg m/s.
Recallthatwhenanetforceactsonanobject,theobjectwillaccelerate,causingachangeinitsvelocity.Hencetheobject'smomentum(p = mv )willalso
change.Theimpulsemomentumtheoremdescribestheeffectthatanimpulsehasonanobject'smotion:

p = J = F t .
11/10/2014 HW week8
Sothechangeinmomentumofanobjectequalsthenetimpulse,thatis,thenetforcemultipliedbythetimeoverwhichtheforceacts.Agivenchangein
momentumcanresultfromalargeforceoverashorttimeorasmallerforceoveralongertime.
InPartsA,B,Cconsiderthefollowingsituation.Inabaseballgamethebatterswingsandgetsagoodsolidhit.Hisswingappliesaforceof12,000Ntothe
ballforatimeof0.70 103 s.
PartA
Assumingthatthisforceisconstant,whatisthemagnitudeJ oftheimpulseontheball?
Enteryouranswernumericallyinnewtonsecondsusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
J = N s
PartB
PartC
PartD
PartE
CollidingBalls
BallsAandBrollacrossatable,thencollideandbounceoffeachother.Thepathsofthetwoballsarepictured(viewedfromabove)inthediagram.
PartA
WhichsetofarrowsbestrepresentsthechangeinmomentumforballsAandB?
11/10/2014 HW week8
Hint1.Considerthecomponentsofthemomentumvector
Recallthatmomentumisavectorquantity.Itishelpfultoconsiderthehorizontalandverticalcomponentsofthemomentaseparately.Howdo
theverticalcomponentsofthemomentachangeduringthecollision?Howdothehorizontalcomponentschange?(Dothehorizontal
componentsofthemomentachange?)
ANSWER:
A
B
C
D
E
Correct
PartB
WhichofthefollowingarrowsindicatesthedirectionoftheimpulseappliedtoballAbyballB?
Hint1.Definitionofimpulse
Impulseisdefinedasthechangeinmomentum.HowdoesthemomentumofballAchangeduringthecollision?(Ifyougetstuck,trylooking
backatpartA.There,youfoundthechangeinmomentaforeachoftheballs.)
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
A
B
C
D
E
Correct
MomentumandKineticEnergy
Considertwoobjects(Object1andObject2)movinginthesamedirectiononafrictionlesssurface.Object1moveswithspeedv 1 = v andhasmass
m 1 = 2m .Object2moveswithspeedv 2 = 2v andhasmassm 2 = m .
PartA
Whichobjecthasthelargermagnitudeofitsmomentum?
Hint1.Momentum
Recallthatanobject'smomentumisgivenby
p = mv .
Hint2.Comparethemomenta
PerhapsthesimplestwaytocomparethemomentaofObject1andObject2istocarryoutthestepsthatfollow:
1. WritedownthemomentumequationforObject1:p1 = .
2. Foreachknownvariableintheequation,substitutethevalueprovidedintheproblemintroduction.
3. Simplifytheequation.
4. RepeatthesestepsforObject2.
5. Compareyourequationforp1 tothatforp2 .
Completethefirstthreestepstofindanexpressionforp1 .
Writep1 intermsofmandv .
ANSWER:
p
1
= 2mv
ANSWER:
Object1hasthegreatermagnitudeofitsmomentum.
Object2hasthegreatermagnitudeofitsmomentum.
Bothobjectshavethesamemagnitudeoftheirmomenta.
Correct
PartB
Whichobjecthasthelargerkineticenergy?
Hint1.Kineticenergyandmomentum
Kineticenergyisgivenby
2
1 2 p
K = mv = .
2 2m
11/10/2014 HW week8
Hint2.Comparethekineticenergies
PerhapsthesimplestwaytocomparethekineticenergiesofObject1andObject2istocarryoutthestepsthatfollow:
1. WritedownthekineticenergyequationforObject1:K1 = .
2. Foreachknownvariableintheequation,substitutethevalueprovidedintheproblemintroduction.
3. Simplifytheequation.
4. RepeatthesestepsforObject2.
5. CompareyourequationforK1 tothatforK2 .
CompletethefirstthreestepstofindanexpressionforK1 .
WriteK1 intermsofmandv .
ANSWER:
K1 = mv
2
ANSWER:
Object1hasthegreaterkineticenergy.
Object2hasthegreaterkineticenergy.
Theobjectshavethesamekineticenergy.
Correct
Manystudentsconfusethequantitiesmomentumandkineticenergyandthinkthattheyarethesamething.However,asthisproblemhas
demonstrated,theyaretwoverydifferentphysicalquantitiesandeveniftwoobjectshavedifferentmomenta,theycanstillhavethesameamount
ofkineticenergy.
PucksonIce
Twohockeyplayers,AaronandBrunnhilde,arepushingtwopucksonafrictionlessicerink.Thepucksareinitiallyatrestonthestartingline.Brunnhildeis
pushingpuckB,whichhasamassthreetimesasgreatasthatofpuckA,whichAaronispushing.
TheplayersexertequalconstantforcesofmagnitudeF ontheirpucks,directedhorizontally,
towardsthefinishline.Theystartpushingatthesametime,andeachplayerpusheshisorher
puckuntilitcrossesthefinishline,adistancedaway.
PartA
Whichpuckreachesthefinishlinefirst?
Hint1.Computetherelativeaccelerationofthepucks
IfaA andaB arethemagnitudesoftheaccelerationsofpucksAandB,respectively,whatisthevalueoftheratioaA /aB ?
ANSWER:
aA /aB = 3
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
Bothpucksreachthefinishlineatthesametime.
PuckAreachesthefinishlinefirst.
PuckBreachesthefinishlinefirst.
Moreinformationisneededtoanswerthisquestion.
Correct
PartB
LetKA bethemagnitudeofthekineticenergyofpuckAattheinstantitreachesthefinishline.Similarly,KB isthemagnitudeofthekineticenergyof
puckBatthe(possiblydifferent)instantitreachesthefinishline.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
Hint1.Determinethesimplestwaytoanswerthisquestion
Thereareseveralpossibleapproachestothisproblem.Whichisthesimplest?
Choosethebestoption.
ANSWER:
UseF = ma (forceequalsmasstimesacceleration)tofindtheaccelerationofeachpuck.
1 2
Used = at (relatingdistancetraveledtoaccelerationandtime)tofindthetimetothefinishline.
2
Usetheworkenergytheorem.
Applyconservationofmomentumandenergy.
Hint2.WorkdoneonpuckA
FindW A ,theworkdoneonpuckAoverthedistanced.
ANSWER:
WA = Fd
Hint3.WorkdoneonpuckB
FindW B ,theworkdoneonpuckBoverthedistanced.
ANSWER:
WB = Fd
ANSWER:
KA = KB
KA < KB
KA > KB
Youneedmoreinformationtodecide.
Correct
PartC
LetpA bethemagnitudeofthemomentumofpuckAattheinstantitreachesthefinishline.Similarly,pB isthemagnitudeofthemomentumofpuckB
atthe(possiblydifferent)instantitreachesthefinishline.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
11/10/2014 HW week8
Choosethebestoption.
Hint1.Method1:Computetheratioofthepucks'velocities
mA 1
Themomentumofanobjectistheproductofitsmassandvelocity.Fromtheproblemintroduction,youknowthat m = .Findv A /v B ,the
B 3
ratioofthevelocityofpuckAattheinstantitreachesthefinishlinetothevelocityofpuckBatthe(possiblydifferent)instantitreachesthefinish
line.
Hint1.Howtofindthefinalvelocities
Youcaneasilycomputetheratiousingthe(alreadydetermined)factthatthefinalkineticenergyofbothpucksisthesame.Writethe
1 2
kineticenergyofeachpuckintermsofitsvelocity(forexample,K A = mA vA ).Settheseexpressionsequal,andusetheknown
2
ratioofthemasses.
ANSWER:
v A /v B = 1.73
Hint2.Method2:Usetheimpulsemomentumtheorem
Theimpulsemomentumtheoremstatesthat
p = F t .
Youaregiventhatbothforcesarethesame,andyouhavecomparedthetimesinanearlierpart.
ANSWER:
p
A
= p
B

p
A
< p
B

p
A
> p
B

Youneedmoreinformationtodecide.
Correct
ImpulseandMomentumRankingTask
Sixautomobilesareinitiallytravelingattheindicatedvelocities.Theautomobileshavedifferentmassesandvelocities.Thedriverssteponthebrakesandall
automobilesarebroughttorest.
PartA
Ranktheseautomobilesbasedonthemagnitudeoftheirmomentumbeforethebrakesareapplied,fromlargesttosmallest.
Rankfromlargesttosmallest.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.Iftherankingcannotbedetermined,checktheboxbelow.
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
Correct
PartB
Ranktheseautomobilesbasedonthemagnitudeoftheimpulseneededtostopthem,fromlargesttosmallest.
Hint1.Relatingimpulsetomomentum
Theimpulseappliedtoanobjectisequaltotheobjectschangeinmomentum.Therefore,theimpulseneededtostopthemshouldbeequalto
thedifferencebetweentheinitialmomentumandthefinalmomentum.(Thefinalmomentumiszerosincethecarisbroughttoastop.)
Hint2.Applytheimpulsemomentumtheorem
Allofthecarsarebroughttorest.Whatisthefinalmomentumpfinal ofeachautomobile?
Enteryouranswerinkilogrammeterspersecondtothreesignificantfigures.
Hint1.Howtofindmomentum
Recallthatanobject'smomentumisequaltotheproductofitsmassandvelocity.
ANSWER:
p
final
= 0 kg m/s
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
Correct
PartC
Ranktheautomobilesbasedonthemagnitudeoftheforceneededtostopthem,fromlargesttosmallest.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Youknowtheimpulseneededtostopthecars.However,thisimpulsecouldbeaverylargeforceexertedoverafractionofasecond,avery
smallforceexertedoverseveralminutes,oranysituationinbetween,solongastheforcemultipliedbythetimegivestheproperimpulse.You
mustknowthetimeintervalsoverwhichthestoppingforcesareexertedtodeterminethemagnitudesofthestoppingforcesfromtheimpulses.
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
Correct
Themoremomentumanobjecthas,themoreimpulseisneededtostopit.However,thisimpulsecanbeprovidedviaalargeforceactingovera
shorttimeintervalorarelativelysmallforceactingoverarelativelylongtimeinterval.Ifyouaredrivingdownthehighwayat55mph,youcanstop
yourcarbyeitherlightlypressingonthebrakesandtravelingalongtimebeforestopping,orpressingmorefirmlyonthebrakesandstoppingmore
quickly.Inbothcases,yourbrakingsystemhasappliedthesameamountofimpulsetoyourcar.
KineticEnergyandMomentumConceptualQuestion
Thetwotoycarsshowninthefigure,withmassesasgiveninthefigure,arereadytorace.Both
carsbeginfromrest.Foreachquestion,statewhetherthecorrectansweriscarA,carB,or
whetherthetwocarshaveequalvaluesfortheparameterinquestion.
Forthenextthreepartsassumethatthecars'motorssupplythesameforcetoeachcaroverthecourseofa1.0meterrace.
PartA
Whichcarcrossesthefinishline1.0mawayfirst?
Hint1.Threewaystoanalyzemotion
Newton'ssecondlaw,theworkenergyrelation,andtheimpulsemomentumrelationcanallbeusedtodrawconclusionsabouttheforcesthat
actonanobjectandtheobject'smotion.Whichapproachtousedependsontheinformationgivenintheproblemstatementandtheinformation
youaretryingtodetermine.Inthiscase,youareaskedakinematicquestion,soyoushouldusethetechniquethatwillgiveyouauseful
kinematicquantitysuchasaccelerationorinitialvelocity.
ANSWER:
CarAwins
CarBwins
Bothcarscrossthefinishlineatthesametime.
Correct
PartB
Whichcarhasthelargerkineticenergywhenitcrossesthefinishline1.0maway?
Hint1.Theworkenergyrelation
Sincebothcarsstartfromrestandmoveinthesamedirection,theworkdoneoneachcarisequaltoitsfinalkineticenergy.Recallthatworkis
givenastheproductofappliedforce(paralleltothedirectionofmotion)andthedistanceoverwhichtheforceisapplied.Noticeyouaretold
aboutbothforceanddistanceinthedescriptionoftherace.
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
CarA
CarB
Bothcarshavethesamekineticenergy.
Correct
PartC
Whichcarhasalargermomentumwhenitcrossesthefinishline1.0maway?
Hint1.Theimpulsemomentumrelation
Sincebothcarsstartfromrest,theimpulseappliedtoeachcarisequaltoitsfinalmomentum.Recallthatimpulseisgivenastheproductof
appliedforceandthetimeintervaloverwhichtheforceisapplied.Youaregiventheequalityoftheforcesinthedescriptionoftherace.Thetime
isthesubjectofPartA.
ANSWER:
CarA
CarB
Bothcarshavethesamemomentum.
Correct
Inthethenextthreepartsweanalyzeadifferenttypeofrace,inwhichthecars'motorssupplythesameforcetoeachcaroverthecourseofa10second
race.
PartD
Whichcarhastraveledfartherafter10s?
ANSWER:
CarA
CarB
Bothcarstravelthesamedistance.
Correct
PartE
After10swhichcarhasalargerkineticenergy?
Hint1.Theworkenergyrelation
Sincebothcarsstartfromrestandmoveinthesamedirection,theworkdoneoneachcarisequaltoitsfinalkineticenergy.Recallthatworkis
givenastheproductofappliedforce(paralleltothedirectionofmotion)andthedistanceoverwhichtheforceisapplied.Youaregiventhe
equalityoftheforcesinthedescriptionofthesecondrace.ThedistanceisthesubjectofPartD.
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
CarA
CarB
Bothcarshavethesamekineticenergy.
Correct
PartF
After10swhichcarhasalargermomentum?
Hint1.Theimpulsemomentumrelation
Sincebothcarsstartfromrest,theimpulseappliedtoeachcarisequaltoitsfinalmomentum.Recallthatimpulseisgivenastheproductof
appliedforceandthetimeintervaloverwhichtheforceisapplied.Noticeyouaretoldaboutbothforceandtimeinthedescriptionofthesecond
race.
ANSWER:
CarA
CarB
Bothcarshavethesamemomentum.
Correct
ImpulseandChangeinVelocity
Aglobofverysoftclayisdroppedfromaboveontoadigitalscale.Theclaystickstothescaleonimpact.Agraphoftheclay'svelocityvs.time,v clay (t) ,is

given,withtheupwarddirectiondefinedaspositive.
Theexperimentisthenrepeated,butinsteadofusingtheclayglob,asuperballwithidenticalmassisdroppedfromthesameheightontothescale.
Boththeclayandthesuperballhitthescale2.9saftertheyaredropped.Assumethatthedurationofthecollisionisthesameinbothcasesandtheforce
exertedbythescaleontheclayandtheforceexertedbythescaleonthesuperballareconstant.
PartA
Sketchthegraphofthesuperball'svelocityvs.time,v ball (t) ,fromtheinstantitisdropped(t = 0 s )untilitbouncestoitsmaximumheight(t = 6 s ).
Assumethatthesuperballundergoesanelasticcollisionwiththescale,andthatthescale'srecoilvelocityisnegligible.Thelightcoloredgraphalready
presentintheanswerwindowisv clay (t) .
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
PartB
Basedonyourgraph,isthechangeinmomentumofthesuperballduringitscollisionwiththescalegreaterthan,lessthan,orequaltothechangein
momentumoftheclayduringitscollisionwiththescale?
ANSWER:
Thechangeinmomentumofthesuperballisgreaterthanthechangeinmomentumoftheclay.
Thechangeinmomentumofthesuperballislessthanthechangeinmomentumoftheclay.
Thechangeinmomentumofthesuperballisequaltothechangeinmomentumoftheclay.
PartC
Istheimpulsedeliveredtothesuperballduringitscollisionwiththescalegreaterthan,lessthan,orequaltotheimpulsedeliveredtotheclayduringits
collisionwiththescale?
ANSWER:
Theimpulsedeliveredtosuperballisgreaterthantheimpulsedeliveredtotheclay.
Theimpulsedeliveredtosuperballisequaltotheimpulsedeliveredtotheclay.
Theimpulsedeliveredtosuperballislessthantheimpulsedeliveredtotheclay.
PartD
Istheforceexertedbythescaleonthesuperballgreaterthan,lessthan,orequaltotheforceexertedbythescaleontheclay?
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
Theforceexertedbythescaleonthesuperballisgreaterthantheforceexertedbythescaleontheclay.
Theforceexertedbythescaleonthesuperballislessthantheforceexertedbythescaleontheclay.
Theforceexertedbythescaleonthesuperballisequaltotheforceexertedbythescaleontheclay.
PSS8.1ConservationofMomentum
LearningGoal:
TopracticeProblemSolvingStrategy8.1ConservationofMomentum.
Protectinghisnest,a600gperegrinefalconramsamarauding1.5kgraveninmidair.Thefalconismovingat20.0m/s,andtheravenat9.00m/satthe
momentofimpact.Thefalconstrikestheravenatrightanglestotheraven'sdirectionofflightandreboundsstraightbackwithaspeedof5.00m/s.By
whatangledoestheimpactchangetheraven'sdirectionofmotion?
ProblemSolvingStrategy:Conservationofmomentum
IDENTIFYtherelevantconcepts:
First,decidewhethermomentumisconservedthatis,whetherthevectorsumoftheexternalforcesactingonthesystemiszero.Ifitisn't,youcan'tuse
conservationofmomentum.
SETUPtheproblemusingthefollowingsteps:
1. Defineacoordinatesystem.Oftenit'seasiesttopointthexaxisinthedirectionofoneoftheinitialvelocities.Makesureyouareusingan
inertialframeofreference.
2. Draw"before"and"after"sketches,treatingeachbodyasaparticle.Drawvectorsforknownvelocities,andindicateallothergiveninformation.
Weusuallyusecapitalletterstolabeleachparticleandsubscripts1and2forinitialandfinalvelocities,respectively.
3. Identifyyourtargetvariable(s).
EXECUTEthesolutionasfollows:
1. Writeanequationinsymbolsequatingthetotalinitialxcomponentofmomentum(i.e.,beforetheinteraction)tothetotalfinalxcomponentof
momentum(i.e.,aftertheinteraction),usingpx = mv x foreachparticle.Dothesamefortheinitialandfinalycomponents,ifneeded.Be
carefulwithsigns!
2. Solveyourequation(s)forthedesiredunknownvariables.Youmayneedtoconvertfromvelocitycomponentstomagnitudesanddirections,or
viceversa.
3. Insomeproblems,energyconsiderationsgiveadditionalrelationshipsamongthevariousvelocities.
EVALUATEyouranswer:
Doesyouranswermakephysicalsense?
IDENTIFYtherelevantconcepts
Eachbirdisactedonbyfourexternalforces:Theairexertslift,thrust,anddragforcesonthewingsandbody,andtheearthexertsweight.Theforcesthat
thebirdsexertoneachotherareinternaltothesystem.Duringthecollision,theforcesthatthebirdsexertoneachotheraremuchlargerthananynet
externalforceoneitherbird.Sinceexternalforcesactingonthebirdsarenegligiblysmallcomparedtotheinternalforcesofthecollision,youcantreatthe
birds'momentumasconservedduringthecollision.
SETUPtheproblemusingthefollowingsteps
PartA
Youmustdefineyourcoordinateaxes.Whichofthechoicesshowninthefigureisthemostconvenientsetofaxesforthisproblem?
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
SetA
SetB
SetC
SetD
PartB
EXECUTEthesolutionasfollows
PartC
EVALUATEyouranswer
PartD
CollisionsinOneDimension
Onafrictionlesshorizontalairtable,puckA(withmass0.252kg)ismovingtowardpuckB(withmass0.372kg),whichisinitiallyatrest.Afterthecollision,
puckAhasvelocity0.116m/stotheleft,andpuckBhasvelocity0.645m/stotheright.
PartA
Whatwasthespeedv Ai ofpuckAbeforethecollision?
ANSWER:
v Ai = m/s
11/10/2014 HW week8
PartB
CalculateK ,thechangeinthetotalkineticenergyofthesystemthatoccursduringthecollision.
ANSWER:
K = J
ConservationofMomentuminTwoDimensionsRankingTask
PartA
Thefiguresbelowshowbird'seyeviewsofsixautomobilecrashesaninstantbeforetheyoccur.Theautomobileshavedifferentmassesandincoming
velocitiesasshown.Afterimpact,theautomobilesremainjoinedtogetherandskidtorestinthedirectionshownbyv final .Rankthesecrashes
accordingtotheangle\texttip{\theta}{theta},measuredcounterclockwiseasshown,atwhichthewreckageinitiallyskids.
Rankfromlargesttosmallest.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.
Hint1.Conservationofmomentumintwodimensions
Sincemomentumisavectorquantity,thexcomponentofmomentumandtheycomponentofmomentummustbeindividuallyconservedinany
collision.Thus,thetotalxmomentumbeforethecollisionmustbeequaltothetotalxmomentumoftheslidingwreckageafterthecollision.The
sameistrueforthetotalymomentum.
Hint2.Determiningtheangle
Oncethexandymomentaofthewreckagearedetermined,theexactanglethroughwhichthewreckageskidscanbedeterminedby
trigonometry.Determiningtheexactangleofthisfinalmomentumvectorisaccomplishedthesamewayyouwouldfindtheangleofanyvector,
typicallybyfindingtheinversetangentoftheycomponentoverthexcomponent.(Youcanalsodeterminetherankingwithoutcalculatingthe
exactangleatwhichthewreckageskids.)
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
Correct
Exercise8.17
Theexpandinggasesthatleavethemuzzleofariflealsocontributetotherecoil.A.30caliberbullethasmass7.20103{\rmkg}andaspeedof601{\rm
m/s}relativetothemuzzlewhenfiredfromariflethathasmass2.90{\rmkg}.Thelooselyheldriflerecoilsataspeedof2.15{\rmm/s}relativetotheearth.
PartA
Findthemomentumofthepropellantgasesinacoordinatesystemattachedtotheearthastheyleavethemuzzleoftherifle.
ANSWER:
p= 1.92 {\rmkg\cdotm/s}
Correct
FillingtheBoat
Aboatofmass250{\rmkg}iscoasting,withitsengineinneutral,throughthewateratspeed1.00{\rmm/s}whenitstartstorainwithincredibleintensity.The
rainisfallingvertically,anditaccumulatesintheboatattherateof100{\rmkg/hr}.
PartA
Whatisthespeedoftheboataftertime0.500{\rmhr}haspassed?Assumethatthewaterresistanceisnegligible.
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecond.
ANSWER:
\rmm/s
PartB
PartC
AGameofFrictionlessCatch
ChuckandJackiestandonseparatecarts,bothofwhichcanslidewithoutfriction.ThecombinedmassofChuckandhiscart,\texttip{m_{\rmcart}}{m_cart},
isidenticaltothecombinedmassofJackieandhercart.Initially,ChuckandJackieandtheircartsareatrest.
Chuckthenpicksupaballofmass\texttip{m_{\rmball}}{m_ball}andthrowsittoJackie,whocatchesit.Assumethattheballtravelsinastraightlineparallel
totheground(ignoretheeffectofgravity).AfterChuckthrowstheball,hisspeedrelativetothegroundis\texttip{v_{\rmc}}{v_c}.Thespeedofthethrown
ballrelativetothegroundis\texttip{v_{\rmb}}{v_b}.
Jackiecatchestheballwhenitreachesher,andsheandhercartbegintomove.Jackie'sspeedrelativetothegroundaftershecatchestheballis
\texttip{v_{\rmj}}{v_j}.
11/10/2014 HW week8
Whenansweringthequestionsinthisproblem,keepthefollowinginmind:
1. Theoriginalmass\texttip{m_{\rmcart}}{m_cart}ofChuckandhiscartdoesnotincludethemassoftheball.
2. Thespeedofanobjectisthemagnitudeofitsvelocity.Anobject'sspeedwillalwaysbeanonnegativequantity.
PartA
Findtherelativespeed\texttip{u}{u}betweenChuckandtheballafterChuckhasthrowntheball.
Expressthespeedintermsof\texttip{v_{\rmc}}{v_c}and\texttip{v_{\rmb}}{v_b}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{u}{u}=
PartB
Whatisthespeed\texttip{v_{\rmb}}{v_b}oftheball(relativetotheground)whileitisintheair?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{m_{\rmball}}{m_ball},\texttip{m_{\rmcart}}{m_cart},and\texttip{u}{u}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmb}}{v_b}=
PartC
WhatisChuck'sspeed\texttip{v_{\rmc}}{v_c}(relativetotheground)afterhethrowstheball?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{m_{\rmball}}{m_ball},\texttip{m_{\rmcart}}{m_cart},and\texttip{u}{u}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmc}}{v_c}=
PartD
FindJackie'sspeed\texttip{v_{\rmj}}{v_j}(relativetotheground)aftershecatchestheball,intermsof\texttip{v_{\rmb}}{v_b}.
Express\texttip{v_{\rmj}}{v_j}intermsof\texttip{m_{\rmball}}{m_ball},\texttip{m_{\rmcart}}{m_cart},and\texttip{v_{\rmb}}{v_b}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmj}}{v_j}=
11/10/2014 HW week8
PartE
FindJackie'sspeed\texttip{v_{\rmj}}{v_j}(relativetotheground)aftershecatchestheball,intermsof\texttip{u}{u}.
Express\texttip{v_{\rmj}}{v_j}intermsof\texttip{m_{\rmball}}{m_ball},\texttip{m_{\rmcart}}{m_cart},and\texttip{u}{u}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmj}}{v_j}=
MomentuminanExplosion
Agiant"egg"explodesaspartofafireworksdisplay.Theeggisatrestbeforetheexplosion,andaftertheexplosion,itbreaksintotwopieces,withthe
massesindicatedinthediagram,travelinginoppositedirections.
PartA
Whatisthemomentum\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rmA,i}}{p_vec_A,i}ofpieceAbeforetheexplosion?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinkilogrammeterspersecond.
Hint1.Initialmomentum
Themomentumofanyobjectisdeterminedbytheproductoftheobject'smassandvelocity.Theeggisinitiallyatrest.Usethistofindtheinitial
velocity.
ANSWER:
\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rmA,i}}{p_vec_A,i}= 0 {\rmkg\cdotm/s}
Correct
Similarly,pieceBhaszeromomentumbeforethecollision.Thetotalmomentumofthe"egg,"thesumofthetwoindividualmomenta,isalsozero.
PartB
Duringtheexplosion,isthemagnitudeoftheforceofpieceAonpieceBgreaterthan,lessthan,orequaltothemagnitudeoftheforceofpieceBon
pieceA?
Hint1.Forcesinanexplosion
TheforcesspecifiedinthisproblemmustobeyNewton'sthirdlaw,whichstatesthateveryactionhasanequalmagnitudeandoppositely
directedreaction.
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
greaterthan
lessthan
equalto
cannotbedetermined
Correct
PartC
ThemomentumofpieceB,\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rmB,f}}{p_vec_B,f},ismeasuredtobe500\rmkg\cdotm/saftertheexplosion.Findthemomentum
\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rmA,f}}{p_vec_A,f}ofpieceAaftertheexplosion.
Enteryouranswernumericallyinkilogrammeterspersecond.
Hint1.Conservationofmomentum
Thelawofconservationofmomentumstatesthatthetotalmomentuminanisolatedsystemofobjectsmustremainconstant,regardlessofthe
interactions(orcollisions)betweentheobjects.Thus,thetotalmomentumofthetwopiecesoftheeggaftertheexplosionmustbeequaltothe
totalmomentumofthetwopiecesoftheeggbeforetheexplosion.
ANSWER:
\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rmA,f}}{p_vec_A,f}= 500 {\rmkg\cdotm/s}
Correct
MomentumandInternalForces
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandtheconceptoftotalmomentumforasystemofobjectsandtheeffectoftheinternalforcesonthetotalmomentum.
Webeginbyintroducingthefollowingterms:
System:Anycollectionofobjects,eitherpointlikeorextended.Inmanymomentumrelatedproblems,youhaveacertainfreedominchoosingtheobjectsto
beconsideredasyoursystem.Makingawisechoiceisoftenacrucialstepinsolvingtheproblem.
Internalforce:Anyforceinteractionbetweentwoobjectsbelongingtothechosensystem.Letusstressthatbothinteractingobjectsmustbelongtothe
system.
Externalforce:Anyforceinteractionbetweenobjectsatleastoneofwhichdoesnotbelongtothechosensysteminotherwords,atleastoneoftheobjects
isexternaltothesystem.
Closedsystem:asystemthatisnotsubjecttoanyexternalforces.
Totalmomentum:Thevectorsumoftheindividualmomentaofallobjectsconstitutingthesystem.
Inthisproblem,youwillanalyzeasystemcomposedoftwoblocks,1and2,ofrespectivemasses\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}and\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2}.To
simplifytheanalysis,wewillmakeseveralassumptions:
1. Theblockscanmoveinonlyonedimension,namely,alongthexaxis.
2. Themassesoftheblocksremainconstant.
3. Thesystemisclosed.
Attime\texttip{t}{t},thexcomponentsofthevelocityandtheaccelerationofblock1aredenotedby\texttip{v_{\rm1}\left(t\right)}{v_1(t)}and\texttip{a_{\rm
1}\left(t\right)}{a_1(t)}.Similarly,thexcomponentsofthevelocityandaccelerationofblock2aredenotedby\texttip{v_{\rm2}\left(t\right)}{v_2(t)}and
\texttip{a_{\rm2}\left(t\right)}{a_2(t)}.Inthisproblem,youwillshowthatthetotalmomentumofthesystemisnotchangedbythepresenceofinternalforces.
PartA
Find\texttip{p\left(t\right)}{p(t)},thexcomponentofthetotalmomentumofthesystemattime\texttip{t}{t}.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1},\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2},\texttip{v_{\rm1}\left(t\right)}{v_1(t)},and
11/10/2014 HW week8
\texttip{v_{\rm2}\left(t\right)}{v_2(t)}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{p\left(t\right)}{p(t)}= \left(m_{1}v_{1}\left(t\right)\right)+\left(m_{2}v_{2}\left(t\right)\right)
Correct
PartB
Findthetimederivative\texttip{dp(t)/dt}{dp(t)/dt}ofthexcomponentofthesystem'stotalmomentum.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{a_{\rm1}\left(t\right)}{a_1(t)},\texttip{a_{\rm2}\left(t\right)}{a_2(t)},\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1},and
\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2}.
Hint1.Findingthederivativeofmomentumforoneblock
Considerthemomentumofblock1:p_1(t)=m_1v_1(t).Takethederivativeofthisexpressionwithrespecttotime,notingthatvelocityisa
functionoftime,andmassisaconstant:
\large{\frac{dp_1(t)}{dt}=\frac{d\left(m_1v_1(t)\right)}{dt}=m_1\frac{dv_1(t)}{dt}}.
Hint2.Therelationshipbetweenvelocityandacceleration
Recallthedefinitionofaccelerationas\large{a(t)=\frac{dv(t)}{dt}}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{dp(t)/dt}{dp(t)/dt}= \left(m_{1}a_{1}\left(t\right)\right)+\left(m_{2}a_{2}\left(t\right)\right)
Correct
Whydidwebotherwithallthismath?Theexpressionforthederivativeofmomentumthatwejustobtainedwillbeusefulinreachingourdesiredconclusion,
ifonlyforthisveryspecialcase.
PartC
Thequantityma(masstimesacceleration)isdimensionallyequivalenttowhichofthefollowing?
ANSWER:
momentum
energy
force
acceleration
inertia
Correct
PartD
Accelerationisduetowhichofthefollowingphysicalquantities?
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
velocity
speed
energy
momentum
force
Correct
PartE
Sincewehaveassumedthatthesystemcomposedofblocks1and2isclosed,whatcouldbethereasonfortheaccelerationofblock1?
Hint1.Forceandacceleration
Sincethesystemisclosed,theonlyobjectthatcanaffectblock1istheotherblockinthesystem,block2.
ANSWER:
thelargemassofblock1
airresistance
Earth'sgravitationalattraction
aforceexertedbyblock2onblock1
Correct
PartF
Whatcouldbethereasonfortheaccelerationofblock2?
ANSWER:
Correct
PartG
Letusdenotethexcomponentoftheforceexertedbyblock1onblock2by\texttip{F_{\rm12}}{F_12},andthexcomponentoftheforceexertedby
block2onblock1by\texttip{F_{\rm21}}{F_21}.WhichofthefollowingpairsequalitiesisadirectconsequenceofNewton'ssecondlaw?
ANSWER:
F_{12}=m_2a_2andF_{21}=m_1a_1
F_{12}=m_1a_1andF_{21}=m_2a_2
F_{12}=m_1a_2andF_{21}=m_2a_1
F_{12}=m_2a_1andF_{21}=m_1a_2
Correct
Notethatboth\texttip{F_{\rm12}}{F_12}and\texttip{F_{\rm21}}{F_21}areinternalforces.
11/10/2014 HW week8
PartH
Letusrecallthatwehavedenotedtheforceexertedbyblock1onblock2by\texttip{F_{\rm12}}{F_12},andtheforceexertedbyblock2onblock1by
\texttip{F_{\rm21}}{F_21}.Ifwesupposethat\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}isgreaterthan\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2},whichofthefollowingstatementsabout
forcesistrue?
Hint1.WhichofNewton'slawsisusefulhere?
Newton'sthirdlaw!
ANSWER:
|F_{12}|>|F_{21}|
|F_{21}|>|F_{12}|
Bothforceshaveequalmagnitudes.
Correct
Newton'sthirdlawstatesthatforces\texttip{\vec{F}_{\rm12}}{F_12_vec}and\texttip{\vec{F}_{\rm21}}{F_21_vec}areequalinmagnitudeand
oppositeindirection.Therefore,theirxcomponentsarerelatedbyF_{12}=F_{21}
PartI
Nowrecalltheexpressionforthetimederivativeofthexcomponentofthesystem'stotalmomentum:dp_x(t)/dt=F_x.Consideringtheinformationthat
younowhave,choosethebestalternativeforanequivalentexpressiontodp_x(t)/dt.
Hint1.Whatis\texttip{F_{\mitx}}{F_x}?
F_x=F_{12}+F_{21},
thetotal(internal)forceonthesystem(asawhole).Usetheinformationfromthelastparttosimplifytherighthandsideoftheaboveequation.
ANSWER:
0
nonzeroconstant
kt
kt^2
Correct
Thederivativeofthetotalmomentumiszerohencethetotalmomentumisaconstantfunctionoftime.Wehavejustshownthatforthespecial
caseofaclosedtwoblocksystem,theinternalforcesdonotchangethetotalmomentumofthesystem.Itcanbeshownthatinanysystem,the
internalforcesdonotchangethetotalmomentum:Itisconserved.Inotherwords,totalmomentumisalwaysconservedinaclosedsystemof
objects.
ConservationofMomentuminInelasticCollisions
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandthevectornatureofmomentuminthecaseinwhichtwoobjectscollideandsticktogether.
Inthisproblemwewillconsideracollisionoftwomovingobjectssuchthatafterthecollision,theobjectssticktogetherandtraveloffasasingleunit.The
collisionisthereforecompletelyinelastic.
Youhaveprobablylearnedthat"momentumisconserved"inaninelasticcollision.Buthowdoesthisfacthelpyoutosolvecollisionproblems?Thefollowing
questionsshouldhelpyoutoclarifythemeaningandimplicationsofthestatement"momentumisconserved."
PartA
11/10/2014 HW week8
Whatphysicalquantitiesareconservedinthiscollision?
ANSWER:
themagnitudeofthemomentumonly
thenetmomentum(consideredasavector)only
themomentumofeachobjectconsideredindividually
Correct
PartB
Twocarsofequalmasscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,theirspeedsare\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1}and
\texttip{v_{\rm2}}{v_2}.Whatisthespeedofthetwocarsystemafterthecollision?
Thinkabouthowyouwouldcalculatethefinalspeedofthetwocarswiththeinformationprovidedandusingtheideaofconservationof
momentum.Betteryet,trythecalculationout.Whatdoyouget?
ANSWER:
v_1+v_2
v_1v_2
v_2v_1
\sqrt{v_1v_2}
\large{\frac{v_1+v_2}{2}}
\sqrt{{v_1}^2+{v_2}^2}
Theanswerdependsonthedirectionsinwhichthecarsweremovingbeforethecollision.
Correct
PartC
Twocarscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,themagnitudesoftheirmomentaare\texttip{p_{\rm1}}{p_1}and
\texttip{p_{\rm2}}{p_2}.Afterthecollision,whatisthemagnitudeoftheircombinedmomentum?
Thinkabouthowyouwouldcalculatethefinalmomentumofthetwocarsusingtheinformationprovidedandtheideaofconservationof
momentum.Betteryet,trythecalculationout.Whatdoyouget?Keepinmindthatmomentumisavector,butyouareaskedaboutthe
magnitudeofthemomentum,whichisascalar.
ANSWER:
p_1+p_2
p_1p_2
p_2p_1
\sqrt{p_1p_2}
\large{\frac{p_1+p_2}{2}}
\sqrt{{p_1}^2+{p_2}^2}
Theanswerdependsonthedirectionsinwhichthecarsweremovingbeforethecollision.
Correct
11/10/2014 HW week8
PartD
Twocarscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,theirmomentaare\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rm1}}{p_1_vec}and
\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rm2}}{p_2_vec}.Afterthecollision,theircombinedmomentumis\texttip{\vec{p}}{p_vec}.Ofwhatcanonebecertain?
Hint1.Momentumisavector
Momentumisavectorquantity,andconservationofmomentumholdsfortwodimensionalandthreedimensionalcollisionsaswellasforone
dimensionalcollisions.
ANSWER:
\vec{p}=\vec{p_1}+\vec{p_2}
\vec{p}=\vec{p_1}\vec{p_2}
\vec{p}=\vec{p_2}\vec{p_1}
Correct
Youcandecomposethevectorequationthatstatestheconservationofmomentumintoindividualequationsforeachoftheorthogonal
componentsofthevectors.
PartE
Twocarscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,themagnitudesoftheirmomentaare\texttip{p_{\rm1}}{p_1}and
\texttip{p_{\rm2}}{p_2}.Afterthecollision,themagnitudeoftheircombinedmomentumis\texttip{p}{p}.Ofwhatcanonebecertain?
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblemmathematically
Momentumisavectorquantity.Itisimpossibletomakeexactpredictionsaboutthedirectionofmotionafteracollisionifnothingisknownabout
thedirectionofmotionbeforethecollision.However,onecanputsomeboundsonthevaluesofthefinalmomentum.Startwiththeexpression
for\texttip{\vec{p}}{p_vec}fromPartD:
\vec{p}=\vec{p_1}+\vec{p_2}.
Therefore,
|p|=\left|\vec{p_1}+\vec{p_2}\right|=\sqrt{|p_1|^2+|p_2|^2+2\vec{p_1}\cdot\vec{p_2}}=\sqrt{|p_1|^2+|p_2|^2+2|p_1||p_2|\cos{\theta}},
where\texttip{\theta}{theta}istheanglebetween\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rm1}}{p_1_vec}and\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rm2}}{p_2_vec}.(Toderivetheabove,
youwouldhavetobreakeachvectorintocomponents.)Sothevalueof|p|iscontrolledby\texttip{\theta}{theta}.
Hint2.Howtoapproachtheproblemempirically
Considerthedirectionsfortheinitialmomentathatwillgivethelargestandsmallestfinalmomentum.
ANSWER:
p_1+p_2\gep\ge\sqrt{p_1p_2}
\large{p_1+p_2\gep\ge\frac{p_1+p_2}{2}}
p_1+p_2\gep\ge|p_1p_2|
p_1+p_2\gep\ge\sqrt{{p_1}^2+{p_2}^2}
Correct
Whenthetwocarscollide,themagnitudeofthefinalmomentumwillalwaysbeatmostp_1+p_2(avalueattainedifthecarsweremovinginthe
samedirectionbeforethecollision)andatleast|p_1p_2|(avalueattainedifthecarsweremovinginoppositedirectionsbeforethecollision).
CollisionatanAngle
11/10/2014 HW week8
Twocars,bothofmass\texttip{m}{m},collideandsticktogether.Priortothecollision,onecarhadbeentravelingnorthatspeed2v,whilethesecondwas
travelingatspeed\texttip{v}{v}atanangle\texttip{\phi}{phi}southofeast(asindicatedinthefigure).Afterthecollision,thetwocarsystemtravelsatspeed
\texttip{v_{\rmfinal}}{v_final}atanangle\texttip{\theta}{theta}eastofnorth.
PartA
Findthespeed\texttip{v_{\rmfinal}}{v_final}ofthejoinedcarsafterthecollision.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{v}{v}and\texttip{\phi}{phi}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmfinal}}{v_final}=
PartB
AnExcitingEncounter
Anatomofmass\texttip{M}{M}isinitiallyatrest,initsgroundstate.Amoving(nonrelativistic)electronofmass\texttip{m_{\rme}}{m_e}collideswiththe
atom.Theatom+electronsystemcanexistinanexcitedstateinwhichtheelectronisabsorbedintotheatom.Theexcitedstatehasanextra,"internal,"
energy\texttip{E}{E}relativetotheatom'sgroundstate.
PartA
Findthekineticenergy\texttip{K_{\rme}}{K_e}thattheelectronmusthaveinordertoexcitetheatom.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{E}{E},\texttip{m_{\rme}}{m_e},and\texttip{M}{M}.
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
\texttip{K_{\rme}}{K_e}=
PartB
WecanusetheresultfromPartAtostudyaprocessofinterestinatomicphysics:acollisionoftwoatomsthatcausesoneoftheatomstoionize(lose
anelectron).Inthiscase,\texttip{E}{E}istheenergyneededtoionizeoneoftheatoms,calledtheionizationenergy.Themostefficientwaytoionizean
atominacollisionwithanotheratomisforthecollisiontobecompletelyinelastic(atomssticktogetherafterthecollision).Ifthecollisionwereperfectly
elastic,thentranslationalkineticenergywouldbeconserved,andtherewouldbenoenergyleftoverforexcitingtheatom.Ifthecollisionwerepartially
elastic,thensomeoftheinitialkineticenergywouldbeconvertedintointernalenergy,butnotasmuchasinaperfectlyinelasticcollision.Inpractice,
interatomiccollisionsareneverperfectlyinelastic,butanalyzingthiscasecangivealowerboundontheamountofkineticenergyneededforionization.
Isitpossibletoionizeanatomof{}^{133}\rmCs,initiallyatrest,byacollisionwithanatomof{}^{16}\rmOthathaskineticenergy
\texttip{K_{\rminitial}}{K_initial}of4.0electronvolts?Theionizationenergyofthecesiumatomis3.9electronvolts.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatenergyunits
youchoose,aslongasyouareconsistent.Forthisquestion,itismostconvenienttouseelectronvolts(\rm{eV})throughout.Notethat
1\\rm{eV}=1.60\times10^{19}\rm{J},whichyoumaybemorefamiliarwith.
Youcantakethemassoftheoxygenatomtobe16atomicmassunitsandthatofthecesiumatomtobe133atomicmassunits.Itdoesn'tmatterwhat
massunitsyouchoose,aslongasyouareconsistent.Forthisquestion,itismostconvenienttouseatomicmassunits,sincethesearethenumbers
youareprovidedwith.
ANSWER:
yes
no
PartC
EnergyinanInelasticCollision
Anironblockwithmass\texttip{m_{\rmB}}{m_B}slidesdownafrictionlesshillofheight\texttip{H}{H}.Atthebaseofthehill,itcollideswithandstickstoa
magnetwithmass\texttip{m_{\rmM}}{m_M}.
PartA
Whatisthespeed\texttip{v}{v}oftheblockandmagnetimmediatelyafterthecollision?
Becausethehillisfrictionless,youcanapplyconservationofenergytotheironblocktofinditsvelocity\texttip{v_{\rmB}}{v_B}atthebaseofthe
hill(beforeitcollideswiththemagnet).Onceyouknowtheironblock'sspeed,youcanapplyconservationofmomentumtoitscollisionwiththe
magnettofindthespeed\texttip{v}{v}ofthetwoobjectsimmediatelyafterthecollision.
Hint2.Findthespeedoftheblockatthebottomofthehill
Useconservationofenergytofindthespeed\texttip{v_{\rmB}}{v_B}oftheblockatthebaseofthehill.
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
v_{\rmB}=\sqrt{2m_{\rmB}gH}
v_{\rmB}=2gH
v_{\rmB}=\sqrt{2gH}
ANSWER:
\large{v=\left(\frac{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}{m_{\rmB}}\right)\sqrt{2gH}}
\large{v=\left(\frac{m_{\rmB}}{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}\right)\sqrt{2gH}}
\large{v=\left(\frac{m_{\rmB}}{m_{\rmM}}\right)\sqrt{2gH}}
\large{v=\left(\frac{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}{m_{\rmB}}\right)2gH}
\large{v=\left(\frac{m_{\rmB}}{m_{\rmM}}\right)2gH}
Correct
PartB
Nowassumethatthetwomassescontinuetomoveatthespeed\texttip{v}{v}fromPartAuntiltheyencounteraroughsurface.Thecoefficientoffriction
betweenthemassesandthesurfaceis\texttip{\mu}{mu}.Iftheblockscometorestafteradistance\texttip{s}{s},whichofthefollowingequationswould
youusetofind\texttip{s}{s}?
Theworkenergytheoremstatesthatthenetworkdoneonanobjectisequaltotheobject'schangeinkineticenergy.Inotherwords,allthe
energythatthemasseshaveafterthecollisionwillbedissipatedbytheworkdonebyfrictionastheytravelovertheroughsurface.
Hint2.Workdonebyfriction
Thework\texttip{W_{\rmfr}}{W_fr}doneonanobjectbytheforce\texttip{F_{\rmfr}}{F_fr}offrictionis
W_{\rmfr}=F_{\rmfr}s,
where\texttip{s}{s}isthedistancetraveled.Recallthat
F_{\rmfr}=\mun,
where\texttip{n}{n}isthenormalforceactingontheobject.
ANSWER:
\large{\left(\frac{(m_{\rmB})^2}{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}\right)gH=\mum_{\rmB}gs}
\large{\left(\frac{(m_{\rmB})^2}{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}\right)gH=\mum_{\rmM}gs}
\large{\left(\frac{(m_{\rmB})^2}{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}\right)gH=\mu(m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM})gs}
\large{\left(\frac{(m_{\rmB})^2}{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}\right)gH=\mu(m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM})gs}
\large{\left(\frac{(m_{\rmB})^2}{m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM}}\right)gH=\mu(m_{\rmB}+m_{\rmM})g}
Correct
AGirlonaTrampoline
Agirlofmassm_1=60kilogramsspringsfromatrampolinewithaninitialupwardvelocityofv_i=8.0meterspersecond.Atheighth=2.0metersabove
thetrampoline,thegirlgrabsaboxofmassm_2=15kilograms.
Forthisproblem,useg=9.8meterspersecondpersecondforthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationduetogravity.
11/10/2014 HW week8
PartA
Whatisthespeed\texttip{v_{\rmbefore}}{v_before}ofthegirlimmediatelybeforeshegrabsthebox?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinmeterspersecond.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmbefore}}{v_before}= \rm{m/s}
PartB
Whatisthespeed\texttip{v_{\rmafter}}{v_after}ofthegirlimmediatelyaftershegrabsthebox?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinmeterspersecond.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmafter}}{v_after}= \rmm/s
PartC
PartD
Whatisthemaximumheight\texttip{h_{\rmmax}}{h_max}thatthegirl(withbox)reaches?Measure\texttip{h_{\rmmax}}{h_max}withrespecttothetop
ofthetrampoline.
Expressyouranswernumericallyinmeters.
ANSWER:
\texttip{h_{\rmmax}}{h_max}= \rmm
11/10/2014 HW week8
ABulletIsFiredintoaWoodenBlock
Abulletofmass\texttip{m_{\rmb}}{m_b}isfiredhorizontallywithspeed\texttip{v_{\rmi}}{v_i}atawoodenblockofmass\texttip{m_{\rmw}}{m_w}restingon
africtionlesstable.Thebullethitstheblockandbecomescompletelyembeddedwithinit.Afterthebullethascometorestwithintheblock,theblock,with
thebulletinit,istravelingatspeed\texttip{v_{\rmf\hspace{1pt}}}{v_f}.
PartA
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthiscollision?
Hint1.Typesofcollisions
Aninelasticcollisionisacollisioninwhichkineticenergyisnotconserved.Inapartiallyinelasticcollision,kineticenergyislost,buttheobjects
collidingdonotsticktogether.Fromthisinformation,youcaninferwhatcompletelyinelasticandelasticcollisionsare.
ANSWER:
perfectlyelastic
partiallyinelastic
perfectlyinelastic
Correct
PartB
Whichofthefollowingquantities,ifany,areconservedduringthiscollision?
Hint1.Wheniskineticenergyconserved?
Kineticenergyisconservedonlyinperfectlyelasticcollisions.
ANSWER:
kineticenergyonly
momentumonly
kineticenergyandmomentum
neithermomentumnorkineticenergy
Correct
PartC
Whatisthespeedoftheblock/bulletsystemafterthecollision?
11/10/2014 HW week8
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{v_{\rmi}}{v_i},\texttip{m_{\rmw}}{m_w},and\texttip{m_{\rmb}}{m_b}.
Hint1.Findthemomentumafterthecollision
Whatisthetotalmomentum\texttip{p_{\rmtotal}}{p_total}oftheblock/bulletsystemafterthecollision?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{v_{\rmf\hspace{1pt}}}{v_f}andothergivenquantities.
ANSWER:
\texttip{p_{\rmtotal}}{p_total}= \left(m_{w}+m_{b}\right)v_{f}
Hint2.Useconservationofmomentum
Themomentumoftheblock/bulletsystemisconserved.Therefore,themomentumbeforethecollisionisthesameasthemomentumafterthe
collision.Findasecondexpressionfor\texttip{p_{\rmtotal}}{p_total},thistimeexpressedasthetotalmomentumofthesystembeforethe
collision.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{v_{\rmi}}{v_i}andothergivenquantities.
ANSWER:
\texttip{p_{\rmtotal}}{p_total}= m_{b}v_{i}
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmf\hspace{1pt}}}{v_f}= \large{\frac{m_{b}v_{i}}{m_{b}+m_{w}}}
Correct
AOneDimensionalInelasticCollision
Block1,ofmass\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}=3.90{\rmkg},movesalongafrictionlessairtrackwithspeed\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1}=31.0{\rmm/s}.Itcollides
withblock2,ofmass\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2}=55.0{\rmkg},whichwasinitiallyatrest.Theblockssticktogetherafterthecollision.
PartA
Findthemagnitude\texttip{p_{\rmi}}{p_i}ofthetotalinitialmomentumofthetwoblocksystem.
Expressyouranswernumerically.
Findtheinitialmomentumofeachblockseparatelythenaddthetwomomentatogether.Recallthatmomentumisequaltomasstimesvelocity:
\vec{p}=m\vec{v}.
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
\texttip{p_{\rmi}}{p_i}= 121 \rmkg\cdotm/s
Correct
PartB
Find\texttip{v_{\rmf\hspace{1pt}}}{v_f},themagnitudeofthefinalvelocityofthetwoblocksystem.
Expressyouranswernumerically.
Applyconservationofmomentum,keepinginmindthatthemassafterthecollisionisthesumoftheindividualblocks'masses.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmf\hspace{1pt}}}{v_f}= 2.05 \rmm/s
Correct
PartC
Whatisthechange\DeltaK=K_{\rmfinal}K_{\rminitial}inthetwoblocksystem'skineticenergyduetothecollision?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinjoules.
Hint1.Findtheinitialkineticenergy
Find\texttip{K_{\rminitial}}{K_initial},theinitialkineticenergyofthetwoblocksystem.
Expressyouranswernumericallyinjoules.
ANSWER:
\texttip{K_{\rminitial}}{K_initial}= 1870 \rmJ
ANSWER:
\texttip{\DeltaK}{DeltaK}= 1750 J
Correct
MomentuminaCollisionGraphingQuestion
Twoasteroids,driftingatconstantvelocity,collide.Themassesandvelocitiesoftheasteroidsbeforethecollisionareindicatedinthefigure.
11/10/2014 HW week8
PartA
SketchgraphsofthemomentaofasteroidsAandBbeforethecollision.
Hint1.Initialmomentum
Themomentumofanyobjectisdeterminedbytheproductoftheobject'smassandvelocity.
Hint2.Shapeofthemomentumvs.timegraph
Theasteroidsaredriftingatconstantvelocitybeforethecollision,andhaveconstantmass.
ANSWER:
Correct
Thetotalmomentumofthesystemoftwoasteroidsbeforethecollisionisequaltothesumoftheindividualmomenta.Afterthecollision,thetwo
asteroidsjointogethertoformasinglemegaasteroid.Whentwoobjectssticktogetherafteracollision,thecollisioniscalledperfectlyinelastic.
PartB
Duringthecollision,isthemagnitudeoftheforceofasteroidAonasteroidBgreaterthan,lessthan,orequaltothemagnitudeoftheforceofasteroidB
onasteroidA?
Hint1.Collisionforces
11/10/2014 HW week8
TheforcesspecifiedinthisquestionmustobeyNewton'sthirdlaw.
ANSWER:
greater
less
equal
cannotbedetermined
Correct
PartC
Sketchagraphofthetotalmomentuminthesystemofthetwoasteroidsafterthecollision.
Thelawofconservationofmomentumstatesthatthetotalmomentuminanisolatedsystemofobjectsmustremainconstant,regardlessofthe
interactions(orcollisions)betweentheobjects.Thus,thetotalmomentumofthetwoasteroidsafterthecollisionmustbeequaltothetotal
momentumofthetwoasteroidsbeforethecollision.
ANSWER:
Correct
PartD
Whenthetwoasteroidscollide,theysticktogether.BasedonyourgraphinPartC,determinethevelocityofthenewmegaasteroid.
Hint1.Definitionofmomentum
Momentumisequalto(total)masstimesvelocity.
ANSWER:
16.7 \rmm/s
11/10/2014 HW week8
Correct
ThreeBlockInelasticCollision
Ablockofmass\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}movingwithspeed\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1}undergoesacompletelyinelasticcollisionwithastationaryblockofmass
\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2}.Theblocksthenmove,stucktogether,atspeed\texttip{v_{\rm2}}{v_2}.Afterashorttime,thetwoblocksystemcollides
inelasticallywithathirdblock,ofmass\texttip{m_{\rm3}}{m_3},whichisinitiallystationary.Thethreeblocksthenmove,stucktogether,withspeed
\texttip{v_{\rm3}}{v_3}.Allthreeblockshavenonzeromass.Assumethattheblocksslidewithout
friction.
PartA
Find\large{\frac{v_2}{v_1}},theratioofthespeed\texttip{v_{\rm2}}{v_2}ofthetwoblocksystemafterthefirstcollisiontothespeed
\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1}oftheblockofmass\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}beforethecollision.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1},\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2},and/or\texttip{m_{\rm3}}{m_3}.
ANSWER:
\large{\frac{v_2}{v_1}}=
PartB
Find\large{\frac{K_2}{K_1}},theratioofthekineticenergy\texttip{K_{\rm2}}{K_2}ofthetwoblocksystemafterthefirstcollisiontothekineticenergy
\texttip{K_{\rm1}}{K_1}oftheblockofmass\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}beforethecollision.
ANSWER:
\large{\frac{K_2}{K_1}}=
PartC
Find\large{\frac{v_3}{v_1}},theratioofthespeed\texttip{v_{\rm3}}{v_3}ofthethreeblocksystemafterthesecondcollisiontothespeed
\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1}oftheblockofmass\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}beforethecollisions.
11/10/2014 HW week8
ANSWER:
\large{\frac{v_3}{v_1}}=
PartD
Find\large{\frac{K_3}{K_1}},theratioofthekineticenergy\texttip{K_{\rm3}}{K_3}ofthethreeblocksystemafterthesecondcollisiontotheinitial
kineticenergy\texttip{K_{\rm1}}{K_1}oftheblockofmass\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}beforethecollisions.
ANSWER:
PartE
Supposeafourthblock,ofmass\texttip{m_{\rm4}}{m_4},isincludedintheseries,sothatthethreeblocksystemwithspeed\texttip{v_{\rm3}}{v_3}
collideswiththefourth,stationary,block.Find\large{\frac{K_4}{K_1}},theratioofthekineticenergy\texttip{K_{\rm4}}{K_4}ofalltheblocksafterthe
finalcollisiontotheinitialkineticenergy\texttip{K_{\rm1}}{K_1}oftheblockofmass\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}beforeanyofthecollisions.
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1},\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2},\texttip{m_{\rm3}}{m_3},and/or\texttip{m_{\rm4}}{m_4}.
ANSWER:
TrafficAccidentAnalysis
Considerthefollowingtwocaraccident:Twocarsofequalmass\texttip{m}{m}collideatanintersection.DriverEwastravelingeastward,anddriverN,
northward.Afterthecollision,thetwocarsremainjoinedtogetherandslide,withlockedwheels,beforecomingtorest.Policeonthescenemeasurethe
length\texttip{d}{d}oftheskidmarkstobe9meters.Thecoefficientoffriction\texttip{\mu}{mu}betweenthelockedwheelsandtheroadisequalto0.9.
Eachdriverclaimsthathisspeedwaslessthan14meterspersecond(about31mph).Athird
driver,whowastravelingcloselybehinddriverEpriortothecollision,supportsdriverE'sclaimby
assertingthatdriverE'sspeedcouldnothavebeengreaterthan12meterspersecond.Takethe
followingstepstodecidewhetherdriverN'sstatementisconsistentwiththethirddriver's
contention.
PartA
LetthespeedsofdriversEandNpriortothecollisionbedenotedby\texttip{v_{\rme}}{v_e}and\texttip{v_{\rmn}}{v_n},respectively.Findv^2,the
squareofthespeedofthetwocarsystemtheinstantafterthecollision.
11/10/2014 HW week8
Expressyouranswertermsof\texttip{v_{\rme}}{v_e}and\texttip{v_{\rmn}}{v_n}.
ANSWER:
v^2=
PartB
Whatisthekineticenergy\texttip{K}{K}ofthetwocarsystemimmediatelyafterthecollision?
Expressyouranswerintermsof\texttip{v_{\rme}}{v_e},\texttip{v_{\rmn}}{v_n},and\texttip{m}{m}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{K}{K}=
PartC
Writeanexpressionforthework\texttip{W_{\rmfric}}{W_fric}doneonthecarsbyfriction.
Expressyouranswersymbolicallyintermsofthemass\texttip{m}{m}ofasinglecar,themagnitudeoftheaccelerationduetogravity
\texttip{g}{g},thecoefficientofslidingfriction\texttip{\mu}{mu},andthedistance\texttip{d}{d}throughwhichthetwocarsystemslides
beforecomingtorest.
ANSWER:
\texttip{W_{\rmfric}}{W_fric}=
PartD
Usingtheinformationgivenintheproblemintroductionandassumingthatthethirddriveristellingthetruth,determinewhetherdriverNhasreportedhis
speedcorrectly.Specifically,ifdriverEhadbeentravelingwithaspeedofexactly12meterspersecondbeforethecollision,whatmustdriverN'sspeed
havebeenbeforethecollision?
Expressyouranswernumerically,inmeterspersecond,tothenearestinteger.Take\texttip{g}{g},themagnitudeoftheaccelerationdueto
gravity,tobe9.81meterspersecondpersecond.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v_{\rmn}}{v_n}= m/s
CollidingCars
Inthisproblemwewillconsiderthecollisionoftwocarsinitiallymovingatrightangles.Weassumethatafterthecollisionthecarssticktogetherandtravel
offasasingleunit.Thecollisionisthereforecompletelyinelastic.
Twocarsofmasses\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}and\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2}collideatanintersection.Beforethecollision,car1wastravelingeastwardata
11/10/2014 HW week8
speedof\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1},andcar2wastravelingnorthwardataspeedof\texttip{v_{\rm2}}{v_2}.Afterthecollision,thetwocarssticktogetherand
traveloffinthedirectionshown.
PartA
First,findthemagnitudeof\texttip{\vec{v}}{v_vec},thatis,thespeed\texttip{v}{v}ofthetwocarunitafterthecollision.
Express\texttip{v}{v}intermsof\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1},\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2},andthecars'initialspeeds\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1}and
\texttip{v_{\rm2}}{v_2}.
Hint1.Conservationofmomentum
Recallthatconservationoflinearmomentummaybeexpressedasavectorequation,
\vec{p}_{\rminitial}=\vec{p}_{\rmfinal}.
Eachvectorcomponentoflinearmomentumisconservedseparately.
Hint2.xandycomponentsofmomentum
Themomentumofthetwocarsystemimmediatelyafterthecollisionmaybewrittenas\vec{p}=p_x\hat{i}+p_y\hat{j},wherethexandy
directionsaretheeastwardandnorthwarddirections,respectively.
Find\texttip{p_{\mitx}}{p_x}and\texttip{p_{\mity}}{p_y}
Expressthetwocomponents,separatedbyacomma,intermsof\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1},\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2},
\texttip{v_{\rm1}}{v_1}and\texttip{v_{\rm2}}{v_2}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{p_{\mitx}}{p_x},\texttip{p_{\mity}}{p_y}= m_{1}v_{1},m_{2}v_{2}
Hint3.Avectoranditscomponents
RecallthatthesquareofthemagnitudeofavectorisgivenbythePythagoreanformula:
p^2=p_x^2+p_y^2.
Hint4.Velocityandmomentum
Find\texttip{v}{v},themagnitudeofthefinalvelocity.
Express\texttip{v}{v}intermsofthemagnitudeofthefinalmomentum\texttip{p}{p}andthemasses\texttip{m_{\rm1}}{m_1}and
\texttip{m_{\rm2}}{m_2}.
ANSWER:
\texttip{v}{v}= \large{\frac{p}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}
ANSWER:
11/10/2014 HW week8
\texttip{v}{v}= \large{\sqrt{\left({\frac{m_{1}v_{1}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}\right)^{2}+\left(\frac{m_{2}v_{2}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}\right)^{2}}}
Correct
PartB
Findthetangentoftheangle\texttip{\theta}{theta}.
Expressyouranswerintermsofthemomentaofthetwocars,\texttip{p_{\rm1}}{p_1}and\texttip{p_{\rm2}}{p_2}.
ANSWER:
\tan(\theta)= \large{\frac{p_{2}}{p_{1}}}
Correct
PartC
Supposethatafterthecollision,\tan\theta=1inotherwords,\texttip{\theta}{theta}is45^\circ.Thismeansthatbeforethecollision:
ANSWER:
Themagnitudesofthemomentaofthecarswereequal.
Themassesofthecarswereequal.
Thevelocitiesofthecarswereequal.
Correct
PrelectureConceptQuestion8.05
PartA
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?Selectallcorrectresponses.
Chooseallthatapply.
ANSWER:
Thetotalmomentumofanynumberofparticlesisequaltothevectorsumofthemomentaoftheindividualparticles.
Thevectorsumofforcesactingonaparticleequalstherateofchangeofmomentumoftheparticlewithrespecttotime.
Thetotalmomentumofanisolatedsystemisconstant.
Thevectorsumofforcesactingonaparticleequalstherateofchangeofvelocityoftheparticlewithrespecttotime.
Thetotalmomentumofanysystemisconstant.
Thetotalmomentumofanynumberofparticlesisequaltothealgebraicsumofthemomentaoftheindividualparticles.
Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis93.5%.
Youreceived16.82outofapossibletotalof18points.

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11/10/2014 HW week8

Iftheobjectisobservedduringanintervaloftimebetweentimest1 andt2 ,thenintegrationofbothsidesofequation(1)gives

HereF ,v 1 ,andv 2 arethecomponentsofthecorrespondingvectorquantitiesalongthechosencoordinateaxis.Ifthemotioninquestionistwo

Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofp1 ,m,F ,andt.

Expressyouranswerintermsofanyorallofp1 ,m,F ,andt.

Expressyouranswerintermsofm,F ,andv .Ifyouuseanumericalcoefficient,usethreesignificantfigures.

Aglobofverysoftclayisdroppedfromaboveontoadigitalscale.Theclaystickstothescaleonimpact.Agraphoftheclay'svelocityvs.time,v clay (t) ,is

\texttip{\vec{p}_{\rmA,f}}{p_vec_A,f}= 500 {\rmkg\cdotm/s}

\texttip{p_{\rmi}}{p_i}= 121 \rmkg\cdotm/s

\texttip{v_{\rmf\hspace{1pt}}}{v_f}= 2.05 \rmm/s

\texttip{K_{\rminitial}}{K_initial}= 1870 \rmJ

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