Created by Captain Bitondo

Matter Refresher
Matter- anything
that takes up space
and has mass

Atoms- the building

blocks of all matter
 Atom has THREE parts
PROTON- Positive charge,
relative mass= 1 Unit
NEUTRON- No charge,
relative mass=1 Unit
ELECTRON- Negative
charge
relative mass= 0 Units
(these three items are
subatomic)
 Nucleus
Nucleus is the
center of an atom

Protons and
Neutrons are
located in the
Nucleus
 Electrons
Electrons orbit the
center of the atom
or the nucleus
Atoms Video Link
 Elements
Elements- made up Funish Fact- For example,
with atoms with specific you are made up of billions of
billions of atoms but you
characteristics. Each probably won't find more than
element has a 40 elements (types of atoms)
different number of in your body. Chemists have
learned that over 95% of your
protons, neutrons, body is made up of hydrogen
and electrons. (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N),
oxygen (O), phosphorus (P),
and calcium (Ca).
 Elements
As of 2014 (not too
long ago) scientists
have discovered or
created 118 different
elements.
 Iron- Fe
Iron is the same
wherever you find it.
Whether it be on
Earth, a meteorite or
in the red soil of Mars!
 Periodic Table
Scientists use the
Periodic table to
arrange the
elements for
easier reference.
 Element Card (Copy it)
Elements Name
Atomic Number

Elements Symbol

Atomic Mass/Weight
What does all that mean...
Elements Name- is what Elements Symbol- an
we call the element abbreviation for the
element
Atomic Number- is the
number of protons in Atomic Mass- number
the element of protons + neutrons in
1 atom
Drawing an Elements Atom
We will use 2 different Bohr Model
models to draw an
element. Lewis Dot Structure

(More will be
described later on...be
patient!)
 Bohr Model
In a circle around the
The Bohr Model shows nucleus are the electrons.
all of the particles in the
Electrons should have a
atom.
minus sign or an e.
In the center is circles.
Each circle represents a
single neutron or proton.
Protons should have a plus
or P written in them.
Neutrons should be blank
or have an N.
 Bohr Models
1. Make a center circle 3. Each ELECTRON
for the nucleus has a - or E
2. Fill with little
circles with P or + (Be careful electrons
for PROTONS and have patterned shells)
an N for
NEUTRONS
 Electron Rules!!!
You cant just shove Only so many
electrons into the first electrons can live in
orbit of an electron. each shell.
Electrons live in
SHELLS or Valence electrons-
ENERGY LEVELS E or - in outer shell
 Lets do it!!!
How to draw Lithium
1. First, determine the
number of protons (find
atomic number)
2. Second, find the number
of neutrons (atomic
mass- atomic number)
3. Finally, figure out the
number of electrons
(atomic number)
Howd ya do???
 The Lewis Dot Structure
This model is a bit
different.

It only shows the

elements symbol
and the electrons in
the outermost shell.
 Try it for Oxygen
First, write down the
elements symbol.
Second, figure out
how many electrons
will go in the
outermost shell.
Finally, place a dot for
each electron.
Howd ya do?
 Your Activity...
Using the colored pencils (electrons green, blue for protons,
and red for neutrons), create a Bohr Model , and then a Lewis
Dot Structure model of FOUR of the first 20 elements. After you
have created each model, draw each model on your chart. (The
atomic number total of your atoms must reach 40.)
You will use ONE sheet of paper for all FOUR atom...fold it in
half, and label it neatly! Each Column will be for ONE element!!!
Please make a title that has the atomic number, elements
name and atomic mass for each element.
Element Brochure
How you will be graded...
 The Periodic Table
-By 1869 about 60 Elements
were discovered and Mendeleev
sought to create a
systematic method to
organize these elements
- He organized them by
atomic mass and properties
-His table contained gaps where
Dmitri Mendeleev Mendeleev predicted newly
discovered elements would fill
 So how is it arranged?
The genius of the periodic table is that it is
organized like a big grid. The elements are
placed in specific places because of the way
they look and act. If you have ever looked at a
grid, you know that there are rows (left to right)
and columns (up and down). The periodic table has
rows and columns, too, and they each mean
something different.
nquoted from http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html
PERIODic Table
-In a period, or ROW.
-All of the elements in a period have
the same number of SHELLS or
ELECTRON ENERGY LEVELS.
- Every element in the top row (the
first period) has 1 shell for its
electrons. All of the elements in the
second row (the second period) have
two orbitals for their electrons. It goes
down the periodic table like that.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html
And you got your groups...
And you got your groups...
- The elements in a group (column) have the same
number of electrons in their outer orbital or shell.
-Every element in the first column (group one) has one
electron in its outer shell. Every element on the second
column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell. As
you keep counting the columns, you'll know how many
electrons are in the outer shell.
-There are some exceptions to the order when you look at
the transition elements, but you get the general idea.
 the atoms FAMILIES
The Periodic Table is also broken down into
FAMILIES
- Families are elements with similar
characteristics! (Youll get more on this
later.)
 Noble Gases
- Are gases
- They dont like to form compounds
- They have 8 Electrons in their Valence Shell
 Noble Gases
-The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the
periodic table.
-These elements, the noble gases wont form
compounds readily.
-Noble Gases- maximum number of electrons
possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all
others), making them stable. (They dont wanna
combine with the silly commoners.)
Noble Gases
Noble Gases
 Halogens
"halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds
containing halogens are called "salts"
exist in all three states of matter
Reacts with violently with metals can make
Iron and aluminum burn
Halogens
 Non-Metals
not able to conduct electricity or heat very well
very brittle
Do not reflect light.
Non-Metals
 Metalloids
have properties of both metals and nonmetals
some of the metalloids are semi-conductors. This
means that they can carry an electrical charge
under special conditions. This property makes
metalloids useful in computers and calculators.
 Metalloids
Boron
Silicon
Germanium
Arsenic
Antimony
Tellurium
Polonium
Metalloids
 Other Metals
While these elements are bend easily and have a very
low boiling and melting points, they are not the same
as the transition elements. These elements, unlike the
transition elements and their valence electrons are only
present in their outer shell. All METALS are silvery in
color, malleable, ductile and conduct electricity!!!
 Other Metals
Aluminum
Gallium
Indium
Tin
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Ununtrium
Flerovium
Ununpentium
Livermorium (last four are right below, 113-116)
Other Metals
 Rare Earth Elements
The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the
lanthanide and actinide series.
Many are trans-uranium, which means synthetic or
man-made.
All METALS are silvery in color, malleable, ductile
and conduct electricity!!!
 RARE EARTH METALS
Lanthanides

The lanthanides are the elements with atomic numbers from 57 to 71. These 15 metals (along with
scandium and yttrium) are often called the rare earth elements. They are all silvery-white metals which
are often found deep in the earth. They are called the lanthanides because they exhibit similar
chemical properties to lanthanum, the first element in the group.

Actinides

Actinides are the 15 elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103. They are named after the first
element in the series, actinium. The actinides group includes mostly man-made elements
with only a few exceptions such as uranium and thorium. The actinides are most known for the
elements uranium and plutonium which are used in nuclear reactors and nuclear bombs.
Here are the Rare Elements
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series

Lanthanum Actinium
Cerium Thorium
Praseodymium Protactinium
Neodymium Uranium
Promethium Neptunium
Samarium Plutonium
Europium Americium
Gadolinium Curium
Terbium Berkelium
Dysprosium Californium
Holmium Einsteinium
Erbium Fermium
Thulium Mendelevium
Ytterbium Nobelium
Lutetium Lawrencium
Rare Earth Elements
 Transition Metals
The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are
called "transition metals". As with all metals, the transition
elements are both All METALS are silvery in color,
malleable, ductile and conduct electricity!!!The
interesting thing about transition metals is that their valence
electrons, or the electrons they use to combine with
other elements, are present in more than one shell.
There are three noteworthy elements in the transition metals
family. These elements are iron, copper, gold, silver and
nickel, and they are the only elements known to produce a
magnetic field.
 Check out this list!
Scandium Cadmium
Titanium Hafnium
Vanadium Tantalum
Chromium Tungsten
Manganese Rhenium
Iron Osmium
Cobalt Iridium
Nickel Platinum
Copper Gold
Zinc Mercury
Yttrium Rutherfordium
Zirconium Dubnium
Niobium Seaborgium
Molybdenum Bohrium
Technetium Hassium
Ruthenium Meitnerium
Rhodium Ununnilium
Palladium Unununium
Silver Ununbium
Big man on D- Block ;)
 Alkaline Earth Metals
The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of
the periodic table. All METALS are silvery in color, malleable, ductile
and conduct electricity!!!All alkaline earth elements are very reactive with
air. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in
nature.
The Alkaline Earth Metals are:
Beryllium -Be
Magnesium -Mg
Calcium - Ca
Strontium -Sr
Barium - Ba
Radium - Ra
DARK BLUE
 Alkali Metals
Are Lithium -Li
-Very reactive metals that Sodium -Na
do not occur freely in nature
Potassium -K
-All METALS are silvery
in color, malleable, Rubidium -Rb
ductile and conduct Cesium - Cs
electricity!!!
-very reactive with air Francium -Fr
and water (youll see) color- Green
Told you to relax!