Delanie and Hanna

Mrs. Lewis
STATS Ch.6 Project
8 February 2017
Chapter Six Project
PART ONE:

A and B
A random variable can be described as a quantitative variable
(meaning it has a numerical value) and a value that x takes on in a given
experiment or observation. A random variable can also be described as a
chance or random outcome. A random variable can also be put into two
separate groups, discrete or continuous. A discrete random variable is a
variable that can take the place of only a finite number of values or a
countable number of values. A discrete variable will always be a whole
number, and the sum of all the assigned probabilities must equal one.
EXAMPLE OF DISCRETE: Counting the number of bad checks drawn on
Journey Bank on a day selected at random, this is an example of discrete
because every bad check has to be a whole number. Whereas a continuous
random variable can take on any of the countless number of values in a
line interval, which will include decimals. EXAMPLE OF CONTINUOUS:
Measuring the amount of gas needed to drive to St.John's, this is of success
by p an example of a continuous variable because the measure is volume,
which can be any variable.

C, D, E, and F
A probability distribution is an assignment of probabilities to each
distinct value of a discrete random variable or to each interval of values of a
continuous random variable. In simpler terminology, the probability
distribution has a probability assigned to each distinct value of the random
variable. In a probability distribution the KEY COMPONENTS is that the sum of
all the assigned probabilities must equal one, and that it is also a two-sided
chart with each value assigned to a probability. In a probability distribution,
the mean or expected value can tell the average of all the variables used
in the probability distribution chart. The mean can be calculated by hand
by using this formula: =xP(x). Where is the mean, is the sum of all the
values, x is the random variable and P(x) is the probability of that variable.
The standard deviation of a probability distribution explains the extent of
of deviation for the variables used. The standard deviation for a
probability distribution can be calculated by hand by this formula: =
x 2 P( x)
). In this equation, is the standard deviation, is the

square root of the problem, is the sum of all the values, x is the random
variable, is the mean, ^2 means multiply that equation by 2, and P(x) is
the probability of that variable. The mean and standard deviation can also be
calculated by using a calculator, for finding both and , you can list the
variables in L1, and the probability from which each would happen in L2, the
use the 1-VAR key, and inserting L1 and L2 right after it, enter the whole
equation, it the calculator with give you both and . The expected value
of a probability distribution is just the mean, which calculates the the
average of all the variables.

G, H , and I
There are many key features of a binomial experiment. There is a
fixed number of trials. We denote this number by the letter n. The n trials are
independent and repeated under identical conditions. Each of the trials has
only two outcomes: success, denoted by S, and failure, denoted by F. Then
for each individual trial, the probability of success is the same. We denote
the probability of success by p and that of failure by q. Since each trial
results in either success or failure, p + q =1 and q=1-p. Finally, the central
problem of a binomial experiment is to find the probability of r successes out
of n trials. For example, if you each of the 10 contestants has a trial at the
wheel and assuming the wheel is fair, the trials are independent. They are
independent because one spin will not affect the other spin. For this problem
we are only interested in only two outcomes on each spin of the wheel. The
ball will either land on the gold, or it does not. We are going to say that gold
represent success and not landing on the gold represents failure. On each
trial the probability p success landing on the gold is 1/6, since there are 6
slots and only one if them are gold. The probability of failure would be q=1-
p=1-1/6= 5/6. We want to find out the probability of 3 successes out of 6
trials, so r=3. There are three ways to figure out this problem. The first thing
you want to do if find n, p, q, and r. For this example n would be 10 because
it is the number of trials. The letter p would be 1/6 because it is the
probability of success on each trial. Then q would represent the probability of
failure. Finally, r would be 3 because it the random variable representing the
number of successes out of n trials. The first way you can do this is by
nr
plugging it into the formula. The formula is P(r)= Cn , r Pr Q . The

second way you could do it is by using a Binominal Probability Distribution

table. The first thing you want to do is go to your n column which is 10. Then
after you do that you want to find the r column and find 3. The finally step is
to find the p row and find 0.1 because 1/6 is o.1 if rounding to the ones
place. After following those steps you should get .000. The last way you
could do it is by using a calculator. You can do this by going to 2nd vars and
and going down to binompdf( once you get there you just type in your
values. You always do n, p, r,. So for example, it would look like
binompdf(100, 1/36, 3). Then push enter and it will give you the answer.
Those are three ways to find binomial probability distribution.

J
In a binomial distribution, the mean calculates the expected number of
success for the variables in the problem, and then the standard deviation
still calculates the extent of deviation for the variables used. The formula for
the mean in a binomial distribution is: =np, an EXAMPLE of calculating the
mean is when n=6, p=0.7, and q=0.3 (p and q always add up to 1.00), then I
put n,p, and q into the equation, which looks like =6*0.7, which equals 4.2,
so in conclusion there is an expected 4.2 amount of whatever is being
calculated (people/items/etc). In a binomial distribution for the standard
deviation, the equation looks like: = npq . An EXAMPLE of finding
standard deviation, is using the same numbers above, which is n=6, p=0.7,
q=0.3, and plugging all those variables into the equation. So it looks like
60.70.3 which equals 1.26 which then equals 1.12, so by using the
answer for our mean above (4.2) the standard deviation of this number is
1.12. For standard deviation to be small, the percentage would be low, and
this would indicate that the mean is very close to justifying the average of
the variables, if the standard deviation is high however, this means that the
decimal is higher, and the mean is a less accurate description of the
average.

PART TWO:

PROBLEM: page 260, #1-a,b,c, and d- using the numbers 6, 13, 16, 17, 52,
25
a.) .9715 is the expected percent of not winning, our expected
winnings if we buy one ticket is 23 cents, --To receive the first answer we
subtracted 0.0285 by 1.00, which gave us the probability of not winning. For
the second answer we first put the variables of the prize winnings in L1, and
then the approximate probabilities in L2, we did this to find , which will give
us the number of expected winnings. Our answer for for L1 and L2 is 23
cents, which is our expected value. Your expected lost would be .77 cents.
You would take $1 and subtract it from $0.23 which would get us $0.77.

b.) For this answer we put all the variables in the L1, and the
approximate probabilities in L2 again but we changed the prize to $25million.
The u would be .30, which is our expected winnings if we buy one ticket.
The probability does not change but the amount of winning does increase.

c.) Trying to match: 06 13 16 17 52 25

Trial 1: 17 13 13 14 20 45-- 13, 17 yes
Trial 2: 29 13 00 55 18 10 --13, yes
Trail 3: 10 10 25 23 20 18-- 25, yes
Trail 4: 10 18 21 25 12 25--25, yes We would win $3 because we had the
powerball.
Trail 5: 16 25 11 13 21 17-- 16, 17, 25, 13, yes We would win $100 for having
4 white balls.
Trail 6: 07 19 08 16 18 04--16, yes
Trial 7: 03 17 09 06 16 23--17, 06, 16 yes We would win $7 for having 3
white balls.
Trail 8: 09 15 12 13 06 18--06, 13, yes
Trial 9: 10 18 07 01 19 23--none
Trial 10: 10 23 48 46 44 18--none

d.) n=5, p=0.0285, r=0-5

.134, we received this answer by using this formula in our calculator
[1-binompdf (5, 0.0285, 0)]. .134 is our probability of winning any
prize at least once, when we buy 5 tickets.