BE (Electrical)(2012 Pattern) Semester I

POWER QUALITY (Elective I)

UNIT I

Basics of power quality and standards

Contents
Introduction and importance of Power Quality, symptoms of poor power quality.
Various power quality issues such as transients, short duration voltage variations,
long duration voltage variations, voltage imbalance, voltage fluctuations, voltage
flicker and waveform distortion. Relevant power quality standards such as IEEE
1159- 2009 and IEEE 519- 2014. Grounding and power quality issues.

Unit Objectives
At the end of Teaching of the Unit, the students be able to
1. Appreciate the notion and implications of power quality problems.
2. Understand and distinguish among various types of power quality issues.
3. Understand characteristics of transients, short and long duration RMS voltage
variations, voltage imbalance, voltage fluctuations, voltage flicker, and
waveform distortion.
4. Understand scope and applicability of IEEE standards 1159 and 519.
5. Understand correlation between power quality issues and system grounding.

LESSON PLAN
Lecture 1
Notion of Power Quality, symptoms and consequences of poor power quality.
Lecture 2
Detailed discussion on characterization of various power quality events such as
transients, short and long duration RMS voltage variations,
Lecture 3
Voltage imbalance, voltage fluctuations, voltage flicker, and waveform distortion.
Lecture 4
Limiting specifications of power quality events as per IEEE standards.
Lecture 5
General outline and scope of IEEE standard 1159 and 519.
Lecture 6
Correlation between power quality issues and grounding problems.
COURSE NOTES
Lecture 1
Power quality is defined on the basis of satisfaction of Customer or the
equipment that utilizes the power.

Low Signal

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Provider
What does any electrical load expect ?
1. Constant voltage at rated value.
2. Constant frequency at rated value.
3. Pure sinusoidal waveform.
4. No interruptions and no unbalance in
supply.

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Im b Frequenc
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Any deviation in the
above conditions
indicates Poor Power
y
Quality.
variation
Adverse effects of Poor Power Quality
1. Inefficient operation of equipment. s
2. Overheating of cables and equipment.
3. Premature failure of system components or equipment.
4. Malfunctioning of control and communication systems.

Lecture 2
impulsive transient: A sudden non power frequency
change in the steady-state condition of voltage or
current that is unidirectional in polarity (primarily either
positive or negative).

Oscillatory transient: A sub-cycle bi-directional

perturbation in steady state condition of voltage or
current.

Voltage Sag
Short duration reduction in RMS value of the voltage.

Lecture 3
Voltage imbalance
Unequal phase voltages in a 3 phase system.

Voltage Flicker
Cyclic variation in voltage magnitude having
perceptible effect on human viewing.

Waveform distortion
Deviation of the voltage or current waveform from pure
sinusoidal shape.

Lecture 4
Reference: IEEE 1159

No. Categories Typical Typical Typical

Spectral Duration Voltage
Content Magnitude
1.1 Impulsive Transients
1.1.1 Nanosecond 5-ns rise <50 ns
1.1.2 Microsecond 1 s rise 50 ns 1 ms
1.1.3 Millisecond 0.1 ms rise > 1 ms
1.2 Oscillatory
Transients
1.2.1 Low frequency <5 KHz 0.3 50 ms 0 4 pu
1.2.2 Medium frequency 5 500 KHz 20 s 0 - 8 pu
1.2.3 High frequency 0.5 5 MHz 5 s 0 4 pu
2.0 Short Duration
Variations
2.1 Instantaneous
2.1.1 Interruption 0.5-30 Cycles <0.1 pu
2.1.2 Sag 0.5-30 Cycles 0.1-0.9 pu
2.1.3 Swell 0.5-30 Cycles 1.1-1.8 pu
2.2 Momentary
2.2.1 Interruption 0.5 Cycles-3s <0.1 pu
2.2.2 Sag 30 Cycles-3s 0.1-0.9 pu
2.2.3 Swell 30 Cycles-3s 1.1-1.4 pu
Limiting specifications of power quality events as per IEEE standards.
Lecture 5
General outline and scope of IEEE standards 1159 and 519.

To be added.

Lecture 6

Correlation between power quality issues and grounding.

To be added.