'What disturbs you'

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No. of SMS Promo messages Spam SMS
< 20 a e Sum 3
20 - 50 b f Sum 4
51 - 100 c g Sum 5
> 100 d h Sum 6
Sum 1 Sum 2 Total

Note:
1. a to h are the cross-tab frequency of the 132 sample
2. chi-square formula

3. Observed values are the numbers in a to h

4. Expected values can be determined using the following formula -
- for a: multiply (Sum 1 x Sum 3) then divide by total
- for b: multiply (Sum 1 x Sum 4) then divide by total
- for c: multiply (Sum 1 x Sum 5) then divide by total
- for d: multiply (Sum 1 x Sum 6) then divided by total
- for e: multiply (Sum 2 x Sum 3) then divide by total
- for f: multiply (Sum 2 x Sum 4) then divide by total
- for g: multipky (Sum 2 x Sum 5) then divide by total
- for h: multiply (Sum 2 x Sum 6) then divide by total
5. Use formula in #2 to compute for the chi-square value (X squared).
6. A chi-square test for independence compares two variables in a contingency table to se
6.1 A very small chi square test statistic means that your observed data fits your expect
6.2 A very large chi square test statistic means that the data does not fit very well. In ot
a contingency table to see if they are related. In a more general sense, it tests to see whether distributions of ca
ved data fits your expected data extremely well. In other words, there is a relationship.
oes not fit very well. In other words, there isnt a relationship.
hether distributions of categorical variables differ from each other.