Section 6 - Employers Requirements Part C Technical Requirements 1-0

ROAD MARKING
1.1.1.1.1.1. DESCRIPTION

This work shall consist of application of continuous lines, letters or figures and the supply and
installation of reflecting road studs on the finished paved areas of roads in accordance with the
Gazette or Motor Traffic Act including any necessary excavation, grouting and finishing of
pavement, to the dimensions and at the locations shown in drawing or as directed by
Engineer/Employer.
The work shall also include warning and traffic guidance signs as necessary for the safe and
efficient completion of entire work.

1.1.1.1.1.2. MATERIALS

The materials used for road markings shall be approved varieties of the following, conforming
to the stipulations given below;
I. Hot applied Thermoplastic material
II. Road marking paints
III. Reflecting Road studs used as road markings or as component of road markings

Before delivery of materials to site the contractor shall submit all certificates of origin
specifying the physical and chemical characteristics and the constituents of the paint from the
manufacturer. Before delivery and during the work, the Engineer/Employer may call for any
test considered necessary to determine the efficiency of the paint applications. All such tests
shall be performed at the expense of the contractor and shall be considered subsidiary to the
work.

1. Hot applied Thermoplastic

Material. (Superimposed Type).

The laid material shall be one of three types (i), (ii) or (iii) detailed below as required in
drawing or as directed by the Engineer/Employer.

Type (i) Non-Reflectorised Thermoplastic materials

The thermoplastic material shall be factory mixed from an approved manufacturer and shall be
suitable for the type and location of application. The material shall possess adequate
thermoplastic properties over the range of climatic conditions of the location viz. resistance to
spreading under traffic at the highest road temperatures and retention of plasticity at the lowest
road temperatures and shall give a making which is effective for at least eighteen months under
normal traffic conditions. The composition of the material with minimum and maximum
proportions and grading of the constituents, the acid value of the binder, the temperature range
of mixing and application, the setting time, the softening point (C) and the open flash point
(C) shall be stated.
The material shall be supplied in durable and strong containers which do not contaminate the
contents and which protect the contents from contamination and shall be stored in accordance
with the manufacturers instructions.

Type (ii) - Reflectorized Thermoplastic material

The material shall be in accordance with type (i) above except that ballotini (glass beads) shall
be incorporated in the mixture during the manufacture of the thermoplastic material. The
quantity of ballotini included shall be between 13% and 22% by weight of the total mix and

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 Section 6 - Employers Requirements Part C Technical Requirements 1-1

shall be counted as part of aggregate. The whole of the ballotini shall passes a 2mm sieve and
not more than 10% by weight shall pass a 425m sieve. The ballotini shall be free of sharp
angular particles and not less than 80% shall be of transparent glass, reasonably spherical and
free from flaws.

Type (iii) Reflectorized Thermoplastic material with ballotini surface

The material shall be in accordance with type (ii) except that a layer of ballotini shall be
superimposed in the surface of the hot thermoplastic immediately after laying to give
immediate reflectivity. The superimposed ballotini shall be of the same quantity as that
incorporated in the reflectorized thermoplastic but may be smaller in size, no more that 20%
shall pass 212m sieve. Ballotini shall be applied at a rate of 250-450 grams per Sq.m such
that the combined total of ballotini incorporated in and superimposed on the thermoplastic
shall be between 20% and 26% by weight of the material.

2. Road Marking Paint (Hot applied

and cold applied)
The paint shall be conform to BS EN 1436 and be either hot or cold applied and the laid
material shall be one of three types (i), (ii) or (iii) detailed below as mention in drawing or as
directed by Engineer/Employer. Cold applied paints shall be suitable for applying by brush or
mechanical means. The following particulars of the paint shall be supplied.
I. Composition (analysis by weight)
II. Application (hot applied or cold applied)
III. Type and maximum amount of reducer (thinner)
IV. Drying time (to touch)
V. Setting time (to re- coat)
VI. Recommended coverage (litres per kilometre of 100mm stripe)
VII. Heat resistance i.e. maximum road temperature
VIII. Details of any primer, under coat or tack coat required. For hot applied paints, the
following additional information shall be supplied
IX. The temperature range of heating and application
X. The open flash point
The paint shall be supplied fresh and ready for use in sealed containers, which shall be stored
in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

Type (i) Non- reflectorised Road Marking Paint

The paint shall be a hard gloss paint, from an approved manufacturer, specifically made for
road marking, suitable for the type and location of application, factory mixed, and shall be
suitable for applying to cement concrete or asphalt pavement to give a chemically stable, non
bleeding film of uniform thickness with a flat (non-glossy) finish. The drying time of the
paint shall be not more than 15 minutes. The drying time shall mean the time lapsed from the
time of application of the paint to a road surface to the time the paint ceases to be picked up by
the tyres of heavy vehicles traversing over it.

Type (ii) - Reflectorized Road Marking Paint

The paint shall be in accordance with type (i) above except that ballotini shall be incorporated
in the paint during the manufacture. The quantity of ballotini included shall be 330 to 500
grams per litre, the whole of the ballotini shall passes a 1.18mm sieve and not more than 5%
shall pass the 150m sieve. The ballotini shall be free of sharp angular fragment and not less
than 75% shall be of transparent glass, reasonably spherical and free from flaws.

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Section 6 - Employers Requirements Part C Technical Requirements 1-2

Type (iii) - Reflectorized Road Marking Paint with Ballotini Surface

The paint shall be in accordance with type (ii) above except that 50% to 70% of the ballotini
shall be incorporated in the paint and 30% to 50% of the ballotini shall be superimposed on the
surface of the freshly applied paint to give immediate reflectivity.

3. Reflecting Road Studs

Reflecting road studs shall conform to BS EN 1436 and shall be of an approved design self
cleansing units from a reputable manufacturer. Each stud shall be provided with either one
reflecting lens for traffic in one direction (referred to as unidirectional type) or two reflecting
lenses for traffic in either direction (referred to as bi-directional type) and the reflecting surface
of each lens shall be at least 80 square mm, the lenses shall be capable of withstanding impact
of wheel loads and no contact shall be possible between the lenses and vehicle tyres. The studs
shall not project more than 20mm above the level of surrounding road surface and the lowest
part of the lenses shall be more than 5mm above the surrounding road surface. The reflecting
units shall be inter-changeable and capable of easy and quick replacement without disturbance
of the road surface. The design shall be such as to ensure ample key to the road pavement with
adequately load distribution and such that it shall not be possible for heavy equipment such as
road rollers and tracked vehicles travelling in the direction of the road axis to meet with any
sharp edges whereby the removal of the stud might be facilitated.

1.1.1.1.1.3. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

a. Thermoplastic Materials

a. Preparation of Road Surface

The material shall be applied only on a surface, which is clean and dry. It shall not be laid over
an old thermoplastic marking which is faulty, as determined by the Engineer/Employer. In the
case of smooth polished surfaces, etc. smooth concrete, old asphalt surfacing with smooth
polished surface stones, and /or where the method of application requires or the
Engineer/Employer directs, a tack coat shall be applied to the surface prior to the application of
the material. The tack coat and the rate of application shall be as the manufacturer of the
thermoplastic material shall recommended with the approval of the Engineer/Employer.

b. Preparation of Thermoplastic Material

The material shall be melted in accordance with manufacturers instructions in a heater fitted
with a mechanical stirrer to give a smooth consistency to the thermoplastic and such that local
overheating shall be avoided. The temperature of the mass shall be within the range specified
by the manufacturer and shall on no account be allowed to exceed the maximum temperature
stated by the manufacturer. The molten material shall be used as expeditiously as possible and
for thermoplastics, which have natural resin binders or are otherwise sensitive to prolonged
heating the material shall not be maintained in a molten condition for more than 4 hours

c. Laying
Centre lines, lane lines and edge lines shall be applied by approved mechanical means and
shall be laid to a regular alignment. Other markings may be applied by hand screen hand
propelled machine as approved or directed by the Engineer/Employer. After transfer to the

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Section 6 - Employers Requirements Part C Technical Requirements 1-3

laying apparatus the material shall be maintained within the temperature range specified by the
manufacturer and stirred to maintain the right consistency of laying.

In the case of screeded application the material shall be laid to a thickness of not less than 3mm
or not more than 6mm unless specifically authorized by the Engineer/Employer when laid over
an existing marking. In the case of sprayed application the material shall be laid to a thickness
of not less than 1.5mm unless specifically authorized by the Engineer/Employer. In all cases
the surface produced shall be uniform and appreciably free from bubbles and streaks. Where
the contract documents require, or the Engineer/Employer directs, that ballotini shall be
applied to the surface of the markings, these shall be applied uniformly to the surface of the hot
thermoplastic immediately after laying such that the quantity of ballotini firmly embedded and
retained in the surface after completion complies with the requirement of clause 2.1 type (iii).

Road marking of a repetitive nature, other than centre lines, lane lines etc. shall unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer/Employer be set out with stencils, which comply with the
size and spacing requirement of the RDA

d. Refuse of thermoplastic material

At the end of the days work as much as possible the material remaining in the heater and/or
laying apparatus shall be removed. This may be broken and used again provided that the
maximum heating temperature has not been exceeded and that the total time during which it is
in a molten condition does not exceed the requirement of clause 3.1.2

b. Road marking paint

a. Preparation of Road Surface

The paint shall be applied only on a surface which is clean and dry. It shall not be laid over
loose detritus, mud or similar extraneous matter or over a thermoplastic marking or over an old
paint marking which is faulty or incompatible with the paint being applied. If a primer or under
coat is necessary to ensure proper adhesion of the marking paint to the road surface without
bleeding or other discoloration, the primer or undercoat shall be fully compatible with the
marking paint and the road surface and shall be applied only if, and at the rate of application,
approved by the Engineer/Employer.

b. Preparation of Paint
All cold applied paint shall be thoroughly field mixed before applying in order to keep the
pigments in uniform suspension. Hot applied paints shall be heated in a properly designed
heater, preferably thermostatically controlled to the correct laying temperature at which it shall
be maintained as required for the method of application. The paint shall on no account be
allowed to exceed the maximum temperature specified by the paint manufacturer. The use of
thinners or other additives shall not be permitted unless otherwise approved by the
Engineer/Employer.

c. Laying
Centre lines, lane lines and edge lines shall be applied by approved mechanical means and
shall be laid to a regular alignment. Other markings shall be applied by brush, spray, screed,
hand-propelled machine according to the marking configuration and the type of approved for
use as directed by the Engineer/Employer. The rate of application of the paint for the each coat

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Section 6 - Employers Requirements Part C Technical Requirements 1-4

shall be that recommended by the manufacturers instruction unless otherwise directed by

Engineer/Employer.
When more than one coat is used the succeeding coat shall not be applied until the previous
coat has fully dried.
Road marking of a repetitive nature, other than centre lines, lane lines etc. shall be unless
otherwise directed by Engineer/Employer, by set out with stencils which comply with the size
and spacing requirements of the RDA.

d. Protection of Markings
All road markings shall be protected from traffic until they have dried sufficiently to show no
pick up of tyre marks or traffic dirt.

c. Reflecting Road Studs

Excavation of the road pavement to form a cavity for each stud shall be carried out in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions. In the case of concrete surfaced road cavities,
they shall be at least 50mm from an expansion joint and shall be clear of dowel bars at the
joint. Care shall be taken to ensure a reasonably level floor and vertical sidewalls without
projections into the cavity and that all loose material produced in excavating the cavity is
cleaned out. A layer of approved stone (6mm to dust chippings) shall be laid and compacted
level on the cavity floor. The stud shall be prepared in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions and firmly bedded on the levelling layer such that the correct projection of the stud
above the road surface is achieved. A template shall be used to check the line and level of the
bedded stud. The cavity walls shall be brushed with asphaltic tack coat and whole of the
remaining cavity grouted with hot filled asphalt in accordance with the recommendations of
the manufacturer until level with the road surface. Care shall be taken to ensure that no asphalt
is spilled on the projecting portion of the stud. Any asphalt, inadvertently spilled shall be
carefully removed so that a clean workmanlike job is presented with a fully effective reflector
units. Traffic shall not be permitted to pass over the stud until grout has firmly set.

d. Defective Materials or Workmanship

Material which are defective or have been applied in an unsatisfactory manner or to incorrect
dimensions not conforming to the specifications and in a wrong location shall be removed, the
road surface made good and the materials replaced, the road marking reconstructed and /or
properly located all the at the contractors expense and to the satisfaction of the
Engineer/Employer.

e. Equipment
The road marking equipment shall be purpose made of approved type and manufacturer and be
capable of painting the markings to a uniform width within the tolerances specified without the
paint running or splashing. The equipment shall be capable of painting lines of different widths
by adjustment of the spray jets on the machine or by means of additional equipment attached to
the machine.
The machine shall be capable of spraying at a speed of not less than 5.0km per hours.

f. Setting out
The lines, symbols, figures or marks shall be set out by means of paint spots of the same colour
as that of the proposed final lines and marks. Normally spots of approximately 10mm in
diameter spaced at 1.5m intervals shall be sufficient.

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Section 6 - Employers Requirements Part C Technical Requirements 1-5

After setting out the positions of the proposed road markings they are to be indicated on the
road. These pre markings shall be approved by the Engineer/Employer prior to the
commencement of any painting operations.
The position of any road studs shall be marked out on the road and shall be approved by the
Engineer/Employer before they are fixed in position.

g. Tolerances
The width of lines and other markings shall not deviate from the specified width by more than
5%. The position of lines, letters, figures, arrows, reflective road studs and other marking shall
not deviate from the true position specified by more than 2mm.
The alignment of any edge of a longitudinal line shall not deviate from the true alignment by
more than 10mm in 15m.
The lengths of segments of broken longitudinal line shall not deviate from specified length by
more than 150mm.

h. Rectification of faulty workmanship

If any material not complying with the requirement is delivered to site or used in the works, or
if any sub-standard work is carried out, such material or work shall be removed, replaced or
repaired as required by the Engineer/Employer, at the contractors own cost. Rejected traffic
markings and paint that has been splashed or has dripped onto the surfacing, kerbs, structures
or other such surfaces shall be removed by the contractor at his own cost, in such a way that
the markings or spilt paint will not show up again later.

i. Protection of Traffic and arrangement of traffic with safety precautions during

construction
The contractor shall protect pedestrian, vehicular and other traffic adjustment to the working
area against damage or disfigurement by construction equipment, tools and materials or by
splashes and smirches of paint or other construction materials. The contractor shall during the
course of the wok provide and maintain adequate signs and signals for the road safety
measures and warning.

1.1.1.1.1.4. TEST AND STANDARDS OF ACCEPTANCE

The materials shall be tested in accordance with these specifications and shall meet the
prescribed criteria. The work shall conform to these specification and shall meet the prescribed
standard of acceptance.

Bidding Document for MWPP Procurement of Plant Single-Stage: Two-Envelope