BOLTED CONNECTION

LAP JOINT
1. Design a lap joint connecting two plates 120mm x 8mm to transmit a
factored load of 120 kN.Use 12mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6 and
plates of grade 410.

Sln:
1) Given data
a) Type of joint = lap joint
b) Plate thickness = t = 8 mm
c) Bolt diameter = 12mm
d) Ultimate strength of bolt = fu bolt = 4 x 100 = 400 N/mm2
e) Yield stress of bolt material = fy = 0.6 x 400 = 240 N/mm2.
f) Ultimate strength of plate = fu plate = 410 N/mm2
g) Yield stress for plate = fy = 250 N/mm2.

2) Strength of the bolt

Minimum edge distance (For 12mm bolts)= 20 mm
e =20mm
Minimum pitch = 2.5 x bolt diameter = 2.5 x 12 = 30 mm
P = 30mm
Gross diameter = d0 = 12+1 = 13 mm
(i) Design shear strength of one bolt
Vdsb = [ ]

n n = 1 ; ns = 0
Vdsb = [ ] = 16298 N

(a) Design bearing strength of one bolt
Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu]
Kb is the least of the following

(i) = = 0.513

(ii) 0.25 = 0.25 = 0.519

(iii) = = 0.98

(iv) 1
 Kb = 0.513

Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu] = [ 2.5 x 0.513 x 12x8 x 400] = 39398.4 N

Lesser design strength of one bolt = 16298 N

3) No. of bolts
Bolt value = 16298 N

Number of bolts required = = 7.4

4) Strength of the plate

(a) Design tensile strength of plate ( Yielding consideration)

Tdg = [ Ag fy]

= [ 120 x 8 x 250] = 218182 N

(b) Design tensile strength of plate ( Rupture consideration)

Tdn = [0.9 An fu]

= [0.9 (120 2x13) x 8 x 410] = 221990 N

Lesser will be the

Design strength of joint = 218182 N > 120 kN

Hence design is safe.

2. Two plates 12mm X 60mm are connected in a lap joint with 4 bolts of
16mm diameter in shown in figure below.Determine the strength of the
joint.Ultimate strength of bolt = 400 N/mm2. Ultimate strength for plate
= 410 N/mm2.

Sln:
Step : 1- Given data

a) Type of joint = lap joint

b) Plate thickness = t = 12mm
c) Bolt diameter = 16mm
d) Ultimate strength of bolt = fu bolt = 400 N/mm2
e) Ultimate strength of plate = fu plate = 410 N/mm2.

Step : 2- Strength of the bolt

Gross diameter = d0 = 16+2 = 18 mm

(b) Design shear strength of one bolt

Vdsb = [ ]

Vdsb = [ ] = 28975 N

(c) Design bearing strength of one bolt

Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu]

Kb is the least of the following

 (v) = = 0.56

(vi) 0.25 = 0.25 = 0.49

(vii) = = 0.98

(viii) 1

Kb = 0.49

Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu] = [ 2.5 x 0.49 x 16x12 x 400 = 75264 N

Lesser design strength of one bolt = 28975 N

Total design strength of four bolt = 4 x 28975 = 115900 N

Step : 3- Strength of the plate

(a) Design tensile strength of plate ( Yielding consideration)

Tdg = [ Ag fy]

= [ 60 x 12 x 250] = 163636 N

(b) Design tensile strength of plate ( Rupture consideration)

Tdn = [0.9 An fu]

= [0.9 (60 18) x 12 x 410] = 148780 N

Lesser will be the

Design strength of joint = 115900 N

 BUTT JOINT

Find the efficiency of the butt joint as shown in fig below. Bolts are 16mm
diameter of grade 4.6.Cover plates are 8mm thick.

Sln:

1) Given data
h) Type of joint = Butt joint
i) Plate thickness = t = 12 mm
j) Bolt diameter = 16 mm
k) Ultimate strength of bolt = fu bolt = 4 x 100 = 400 N/mm2
l) Yield stress of bolt material = fy = 0.6 x 400 = 240 N/mm2.
m) Ultimate strength of plate = fu plate = 410 N/mm2
n) Yield stress for plate = fy = 250 N/mm2.

2) Strength of plate

(a) Design tensile strength of plate ( Yielding consideration)

Tdg = [ Ag fy]

= [ 190 x 12 x 250] = 436360 N

(b) Design tensile strength of plate ( Rupture consideration)

Tdn = [0.9 An fu]

= [0.9 (160 2x 18) x 12 x 410] = 439260N

 3) Strength of bolt
Gross diameter = d0 = 16+2 = 18 mm

(d) Design shearing strength of one bolt

Vdsb =2x [ ]

Vdsb =2x [ ] = 57950N

(e) Design bearing strength of one bolt

Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu]

Kb is the least of the following

(ix) = = 0.56

(x) 0.25 = 0.25 = 0.676

(xi) = = 0.98

(xii) 1

Kb = 0.56

Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu] = [ 2.5 x 0.56x 16x12 x 400 = 85250 N

Lesser design strength of one bolt = 57950 N

Total design strength of four bolt = 4 x 57950 = 231800 N

Efficiency of the joint =

= x 100 = 53.12%
 ECCENTRIC BOLTED CONNECTIONS

There are two types of bracket connections

1. Bolted connection subjected to moments in the plane of the connection.

2. Bolted connection subjected to moments in a plane normal to the plane of
the connection.

Type -1

A working load of 150 kN is applied to a bracket plate at an eccentricity of

300mm. Sixteen bolts of 20mm diameter are arranged in two rows with 8 bolts
per row. The rows are 200mm apart. The pitch of bolts in each vertical row is
80mm.The thickness of the bracket plate is 12.5mm.Investigate the safety of
the design.

With respect to G.
x2 +y2= 16 (100)2 +4 [2802+ 2002 + 1202 + 402 ] mm2
= 697600 mm2
Consider the bolt marked A

(i) Resistance against translation = = = 93575 N

(ii) Torsional shear = Sa = K ra

K= = = 64.5 N/mm
Sa = K ra = 64.5 x ra
(iii) Total vertical component
V= 9375 + 64.5 ra sin
V= 9375 + 64.5 x 100 = 15825 N

(iv) Horizontal component

H= 64.5 ra Cos
H = 64.5 x 280 = 18060 N
 (v) Resultant resistance
R= =
R = 24010 N
Factored shear load on the bolt A = 1.5 x 24010 = 36015 N

Bolt diameter = do = 20 mm
Gross diameter = d0 = 20+2 = 22 mm
1. Design shearing strength of one bolt
Vdsb = [ ]

Vdsb = [ ] = 45274 N

2. Design bearing strength of one bolt
Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu]

Kb is the least of the following

(xiii) = = 0.606

(xiv) 0.25 = 0.25 = 0.962

(xv) = = 0.975
(xvi) 1

Kb = 0.606

Vdpb = [ 2.5 Kb dt fu]

= [ 2.5 x 0.606x 22x12.5 x 400 = 121200 N

Bolt Value = 45274 N

But factored load on the bolt = 36015 N

The design is safe.

Type -2

Investigate the safety of the bolts connecting the angles and the
column flange in the arrangement shown in Figure. The bolts are
20mm in diameter. The factored load on the bracket is 180 kN at an
eccentricity of 250mm from the column flange.

Sln.
Bolt diameter = d = 20mm
Design shearing strength of one bolt

Vdsb = [ ]

Vdsb = [ ] = 45274 N

Design tensile strength of one bolt

Tdb =0.9x fu x 0.78x

Tdb =0.9x 400 x 0.78x = 88216 N

h= height of the uppermost bolts from the lower edge of the

bracket
h = 4 x 80 + 40 = 360mm
Height of neutral axis above the lower edge of the bracket
 = = = 51.43 mm

There are 4 pairs of the bolts above the neutral axis.

y= 68.75 + 148.57 + 228.57 + 308.57 = 754.28mm
y2= 68.752 +148.572+ 228.572 + 308.572 = 174234.58 K mm
2

K=

K= = 224.89 N/mm

Maximum tension in the uppermost bolt Tmax = K ymax

= 224.89 x 308.57
= 69394 N

Shear force on the bolt = Vb = = 18000 N

[ ] +[ ] <1

[ ] +[ ] = 0.158 + 0.619 = 0.777 <1

Hence the design is safe.