Heliopolis University (HU)

NOTES ON:
Applied Control Technology
2ND Semester (2016/2017 )

To convert
mechanical
Lecture#5_PUMPS energy into
hydraulic.

Prof. Yehia Hendawy Hossamel-din.

Professor of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering
2016/2017

3/14/2017 Professor Yehia Hendawy Applied Control Technology 1

 Fluid Power Components

1. Cylinders

2. Control Valves

1. Pumps

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 ISO PUMP SYMBOLS

energy

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 PUMPS & MOTORS

Power =PQ = T Consider Dv is the displacement /radian

T = Dv P & Q = Dv
Dv is the sole parameter that defines the operating characteristics of an ideal pump or
motor.
A pump can be of a constant flow if = constant , and can be of A constant
pressure if T= constant.
Neither is true for real pump.
Real Pump
= v* m ; v is the volumetric efficiency & m is the Mechanical efficiency

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 Real Pumps & Motors:

Efficiency equations
for pumps and motors

A packaged hydraulic
power supply :
(115V AC electric motor
+ hydraulic pump+ relief
valve + reservoir tank +
filter.)

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 PUMPS
Pump Theory:

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 PUMPING ACTION
Pumping action of a simple Piston Pump:-

Referring to the figure:

1. When the piston moves
to the left, vacuum is
created.
2. This vacuum lets the fluid
flow through inlet Valve.
3. As the piston moves right,
it pushes the fluid to
discharge through the
outlet valve
4. The pressure developed is due to the resistance of the load.
5. What is the function of the check valves. ?

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 PUMP CLASSIFICATIONS

There are two broad classifications:

1. Hydrodynamic or Non Positive Displacement

Pumps.

2. Hydrostatic or Positive Displacement

Pumps.

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 1. Hydrodynamic or Non Positive
Displacement Pumps
Used for low pressure & high
flow applications ( for
transporting fluid).

Max. pressure is 250-300 PSI

(17.24- 20.7) bars

As resistance increases, flow is

decreased (leakage).

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 2. Hydrostatic or Positive Displacement
Pumps.
It ejects a fixed amount of fluid per revolution of pump shaft.
Can overcome pressure from resistance & Load.

Has the following advantages:

a) High pressure- Up to 10,000 psi ( 700 bars).
b) Compact.
c) High volumetric efficiency.
d) Small change in efficiency in the designed range.
e) Performance flexibility (wide range of pressure & speed).

Classified to:
1. Gear Pumps (External. Internal, Lobe, & Screw)
2. Vane Pumps (Unbalanced, & Balanced)
3. Piston Pumps (Axial, & Radial).
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 GEAR PUMPS
Suction side is where teeth come out of
mesh and it is where volume increases
and pressure becomes below
atmospheric.
Discharge side is where teeth come into
mesh (volume decreases).

From geometry:

VD= (/4)*(Do2 - Di2)*L (m3/rev.)

QT = VD*N/60 (m3/s) (Theor. Flow rate) &
QA= v* QT, (Actual flow rate) where;
Do & Di : Outer & inner diam. (m),
L : Width of gear teeth (m).
N : pump speed (rpm) &
v : Volumetric efficiency.
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 GEAR PUMPS CHARACTERISTICS

Flow (Q) is linear increasing with pump speed (N).

Volumetric efficiency is decreased with pressure increase (Why.?)

Increase of pressure is due increase of load resistance.

Overpressure causes: Decrease of vol. efficiency and damage of
the pump and/or pipe lines. This makes over pressure protection is
essential. (How rated pressure is determined ??)
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EXAMPLE 1M:

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 GEAR PUMP CONSTRUCTION

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 Lobe pump/compressor

This pump/compressor
operates in a fashion similar
to the external gear
pump/compressor.

Both lobes are driven

externally so that they don't
contact each other.

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 Screw Pump/Compressor
These types of
pumps/compressors Consist
of three precision ground
screws meshing within a
close fitting housing.

Deliver non- pulsating flow.

The idler rotors are in

rolling contact with the
central power rotor and are
free to float in their
respective housing bores
on a hydraulic oil film
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Problems in gear pump.
1- heating. 2- high noise. 3- decrease in pressure.

Heating comes from :

A- leakage of oil B- air in oil C- very high pressure

- High noise comes from:

A- Leakage of oil from small hollow B- vibration

- Decrease in pressure comes from:

Internal leakage when the pressure increases. This is due to the

increased clearance between teeth and body and/or the teeth of the
two mating gears.
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 VANE PUMPS
The vanes and the rotor are
attached to a shaft which is
connected to a driver motor.

As the motor turns, the vanes

are thrown out by centrifugal
forces and track along the
housing.

As the rotor rotates the volume

trapped between adjacent blades
and the ring varies, which results
in a pumping action.

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The Axial Piston Pump/Compressors
Fixed Or Variable Displacement

The pistons move

parallel to the axis
of the drive shaft.

The swash plate is

driven by the shaft
and the angle of the
swash plate
determines the
stroke of the piston.
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 The Axial Piston Pump/Compressors
Fixed Or Variable Displacement
From Geometry;
S = D tan ()
VD = YAS = Y A D tan ()
Q = N VD = N Y A D tan ()/60
Where; 0
offset angle ( or rad)
S Piston stroke (m or in.)
D Piston Circle Diameter (m or in.) =0
A Piston Area (m2 or in.2)
VD Pump discharge (m3/rev.
or in3/rev)
Q Flow rate (m3/s or in3/s ) , Q(gpm) = Q(in3/s)*60/231 (Conversion)

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 Professor Yehia Hendawy
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 EXAMPLE 2E:

Note: 1 US Gallon (Fluid) = 231 in3

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EXAMPLE 3M:

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Radial Piston Pump/Compressors
The pump has pistons
mounted radially in the main
housing.

A radial piston
pump/compressors basically
consists of radial piston
rotating in an eccentric ring.

High torques at a low speed

are obtained.

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 Standard symbols of pumps/ compressor

Pumps Compressors

Constant
Displacement
Single Direction Arrow
Showing Arrow
Oil / air Showing
Flow Oil Flow
OUT OUT
n Bi-Directional,
Variable
Displacement

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 Pump/compressor selection
The main parameters affecting the selection
of the pump are:
Maximum operating pressure

Maximum delivery

Pump/compressor drive system

Noise level

Size and weight

Efficiency

Cost

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 Professor Yehia Hendawy
3/14/2017 Applied Control Technology 27