Operations Research 375

v1 = 2 v2 = 8 v3 = 4
u1 = 2 
  
 
u2 = 2 
 
u3 = 0 
  
 
u4 = 0 
 

0Q dij XCNWG KU HQWPF VQ DG PGICVKXG

6JWU UQNWVKQP QDVCKPGF KU QRVKOCN
6TCPURQTVCVKQP EQUV KU                         ` 

31.5 UNBALANCED TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS

# VTCPURQTVCVKQP RTQDNGO KU unbalanced YJGP UWO QH CNN CXCKNCDNG SWCPVKVKGU KP CNN QTKIKPU KU
PQV GSWCN VQ VJG UWO QH TGSWKTGOGPVU KP CNN FGUVKPCVKQPU VQIGVJGT +H VJKU UKVWCVKQP KU HQWPF
IKXGP RTQDNGO JCU VQ DG TUV EQPXGTVGF KPVQ C DCNCPEGF VTCPURQTVCVKQP RTQDNGO D[ KPVTQFWEKPI
EVKVKQWUUQWTEGQTFGUVKPCVKQP
KGFWOO[TQYUQTFWOO[EQNWOPUVJCVYKNNRTQXKFGUWTRNWU
UWRRN[ QT FGOCPF %QUVU QH VTCPURQTVKPI C WPKV HTQO EVKVKQWU UQWTEG QT EVKVKQWU FGUVKPCVKQP
KU CUUWOGF VQ DG \GTQ JGTG 5WDUGSWGPVN[ RTQDNGO KU UQNXGF D[ GCTNKGT OGVJQFU FKUEWUUGF

31.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS

'HEKGPE[ KU VQ DG CEJKGXGF CV CNN EQUVU HQT NQYGTKPI QXGTCNN RTQFWEVKQP EQUVU /CPCIGTU XGT[
QHVGP HCEG UKVWCVKQPU CU YJQ UJQWNF DG CUUKIPGF VQ YJCV FWVKGU Assignment problem consists
QHCUUKIPKPIGCEJQHnYQTMGTUVQnLQDUKPCYC[VJCVCIKXGPOGCUWTGQHGHHGEVKXGPGUU
GI
VQVCN EQUV KU QRVKOKUGF

31.6.1 Method for Solving an Assignment Problem (Hungarian Method)

Step 1: %JGEM YJGVJGT IKXGP OCVTKZ KU USWCTG QPG +H PQV CFF FWOO[ TQYU QT EQNWOPU
CU VJG ECUG OC[ DG
Step 2: 4GFWEG VJG OCVTKZ
Step 2a: /KPKOWO GNGOGPV QH GCEJ TQY KP IKXGP EQUV OCVTKZ KU KFGPVKGF 5WDVTCEV VJCV
GNGOGPV HTQO GXGT[ GNGOGPV QH VJCV TQY +H PGY EQUV OCVTKZ JCU CV NGCUV QPG \GTQ KP GCEJ TQY
CPF KP GCEJ EQNWOP IQ VQ UVGR E 'NUG IQ VQ UVGR D
Step 2b: +FGPVKH[ OKPKOWO GNGOGPV QH GCEJ EQNWOP CPF UWDVTCEV KV HTQO GXGT[ GNGOGPV
QH VJCV EQNWOP VQ IGV VJG TGFWEGF OCVTKZ
Step 3: +V KPENWFG VJG HQNNQYKPI UVGRU
Step 3a: (TQOVJGTGFWEGFOCVTKZUVCTVHTQOTQYCPFGZCOKPGCNNTQYUJCXKPIGZCEVN[
QPG\GTQGNGOGPV'PENQUGVJKU\GTQYKVJKPCUSWCTG
KG CUCPCUUKIPOGPVKUOCFG#UQPG
RGTUQP ECP IGV QPN[ QPG LQD ETQUU CNN QVJGT \GTQU
KG : KP VJG UCOG EQNWOP VQ FGRKEV VJCV
VJG[ ECPPQV DG WUGF VQ OCMG QVJGT CUUKIPOGPVU 2TQEGGF KP C UKOKNCT OCPPGT WPVKN NCUV TQY KU
GZCOKPGF
376 Industrial Engineering and Management

Step 3b: 0GZV GZCOKPG CNN EQNWOPU YKVJ QPG WPOCTMGF \GTQ /CTM
 CV VJKU \GTQ
CPF ETQUU CNN \GTQU QH TQY KP YJKEJ \GTQU CTG OCTMGF 2TQEGGF KP C UKOKNCT OCPPGT WPVKN NCUV
EQNWOP KU GZCOKPGF
Step 3c: +H VJGTG KU CP CUUKIPOGPV KP GXGT[ TQY CPF GXGT[ EQNWOP UQNWVKQP JCU DGGP
TGCEJGFCPFYGUVQRVJGRTQEGFWTG+HGXGT[TQYCPFGXGT[EQNWOPFQPQVEQPVCKPCUUKIPOGPV
IQ VQ 5VGR 
Step 4: &TCYOKPKOWOPWODGTQHJQTK\QPVCNCPFXGTVKECNNKPGUVQEQXGTCNN\GTQUCVNGCUV
QPEG 6JG HQNNQYKPI RTQEGFWTG KU CFQRVGF HQT FTCYKPI QH NKPGU
Step 4a: /CTM
 VQ CNN TQYU KP YJKEJ CUUKIPOGPV JCU PQV DGGP OCFG
Step 4b: /CTM
 VQ EQNWOPU VJCV JCXG \GTQU KP OCTMGF TQYU KFGPVKGF KP 5VGR C
Step 4c: /CTM
 VQ TQYU
VJQUG PQV CNTGCF[ OCTMGF VJCV JCXG CUUKIPOGPV KP OCTMGF
EQNWOPU
Step 4d: Repeat 5VGRU
D CPF
c WPVKN VJG EJCKP QH OCTMKPI GPFU
Step 4e: &TCYNKPGUVJTQWIJWPVKEMGFTQYUCPFVJTQWIJVKEMGFEQNWOPUVQEQXGTCNN\GTQU
Step 5: 5OCNNGUV QH GNGOGPVU PQV EQXGTGF D[ NKPGU KU UGNGEVGF .GV WU FGPQVG KV D[ 

K 5WDVTCEV  HTQO CNN GNGOGPVU VJCV FQ PQV JCXG NKPGU RCUUKPI VJTQWIJ VJGO

KK #FF  VQ GXGT[ GNGOGPV VJCV JCU KPVGTUGEVKQP QH VYQ NKPGU

KKK .GCXG TGOCKPKPI GNGOGPVU QH OCVTKZ WPEJCPIGF
Step 6: Repeat 5VGRU  VQ  VQ OQFKGF OCVTKZ

PROBLEM 31.9 # RTQLGEV FKTGEVQT JCU VQ CUUKIP HQWT FKHHGTGPV VCUMU VQ HQWT OCPCIGTU 6JG
VKOG VCMGP D[ GCEJ OCPCIGT HQT RGTHQTOKPI GCEJ QH VJG VCUMU KU GUVKOCVGF CPF KU RTGUGPVGF KP
VJG IKXGP OCVTKZ &GVGTOKPG JQY VJG RTQLGEV FKTGEVQT UJQWNF CNNQECVG VJGUG VCUMU VQ OCPCIGTU
UWEJ VJCV VQVCN OCP JQWTU CTG OKPKOKUGF
Managers
I II III IV
A   22 
Tasks
B    
C    
D    

Solution
Step 1: 5WDVTCEVKPI UOCNNGUV GNGOGPV HTQO GXGT[ GNGOGPV QH VJCV TQY TGFWEGF OCVTKZ KU
QDVCKPGF CU HQNNQYU
Managers
I II III IV
A    
B    22
C    
D    
 Operations Research 377
Step 2: 5WDVTCEV UOCNNGUV GNGOGPV KP GCEJ EQNWOP HTQO GXGT[ GNGOGPV QH VJCV EQNWOP VQ
IGV UGEQPF TGFWEGF OCVTKZ CU HQNNQYU

Managers
I II III IV
A    
Tasks B    22
C    
D    

Step 3: +V KPENWFGU VJG HQNNQYKPI

Step 3a: 6GUV YJGVJGT KV KU RQUUKDNG VQ OCMG CUUKIPOGPVU WUKPI QPN[ \GTQU 5VCTV YKVJ
TQYQHOCVTKZ9GOCTM
KPVJGTQYEQPVCKPKPIQPG\GTQCPFETQUU\GTQUKPEQTTGURQPFKPI
EQNWOP KP YJKEJ
 NKGU 6JKU RTQEGFWTG KU TGRGCVGF HQT CNN VJG TQYU
Step 3b: #HVGT CNN TQYU JCXG DGGP GZCOKPGF UVCTVKPI YKVJ EQNWOP  YG OCTM

KP EQNWOP EQPVCKPKPI QPN[ QPG WPOCTMGF QT WPETQUUGF \GTQ CPF ETQUU QVJGT \GTQU KP VJG
EQTTGURQPFKPITQYKPYJKEJCUUKIPOGPVJCUDGGPOCFG%QPVKPWGVJGUGUWEEGUUKXGQRGTCVKQPUQP
TQYUCPFEQNWOPUWPVKNCNN\GTQUJCXGDGGPGKVJGTCUUKIPGFQTETQUUGFQWVCPFVJGTGKUGZCEVN[
QPG CUUKIPOGPV KP GCEJ TQY CPF GCEJ EQNWOP 4GUWNVCPV OCVTKZ KU CU HQNNQYU

Managers
I II III IV
A    
Tasks
B    22
C    8
D    

5KPEGGCEJTQYCPFGCEJEQNWOPJCUQPGCUUKIPOGPVVJGQRVKOCNUQNWVKQPJCUDGGPTGCEJGF
6JG UQNWVKQP KU

Optimal assignment A+ B+++ C++ D+8

Man-hour    

6QVCN OCPJQWTU           JQWTU

PROBLEM 31.10 #EQORCP[JCUVTWEMUCXCKNCDNGCVXGYCTGJQWUGUWW2WWCPF

WCPFVJGUGCTGVQDGVTCPURQTVGFCVXGTGVCKNQWVNGVURR2RRCPFR6JGFKUVCPEG
KP
MKNQOGVTGU DGVYGGP UVCVKQPU KU CU IKXGP DGNQY
378 Industrial Engineering and Management

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W1     
W2     
W3  22   
W4     22
W5     

*QY UJQWNF VJG VTWEMU DG CNNQECVGF VQ OKPKOKUG VQVCN OKNGCIG EQXGTGF!

Solution
Step 1: 5WDVTCEVKPIUOCNNGUVGNGOGPVKPGCEJTQYCPFGXGT[GNGOGPVQHVJCVTQYTGFWEGF
OCVTKZ KU QDVCKPGF CU

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W1     
W2   2  
W3     
W4     
W5     

Step 2: 5WDVTCEV UOCNNGUV GNGOGPV KP GCEJ EQNWOP HTQO GXGT[ GNGOGPV QH VJCV EQNWOP VQ
IGV TGFWEGF OCVTKZ CU

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W1     
W2    2 
W3     
W4     
W5     

Step 3: 4QYJCUUKPING\GTQKPEQNWOP9GOCMGCPCUUKIPOGPVD[RWVVKPICUSWCTG

 CTQWPF KV CPF FGNGVG QVJGT \GTQU KP EQNWOP  D[ OCTMKPI
:
0QY TQY  EQPVCKPU VYQ \GTQU 9G NGCXG KV VGORQTCTKN[ HQT VKOG DGKPI CPF YQWNF TGVWTP
VQ KV NCVGT
6JKTF TQY CPF HVJ TQY FQGU PQV JCXG CP[ \GTQU PQY
(QWTVJ TQY JCU VYQ \GTQU UQ YG NGCXG KV VGORQTCTKN[ HQT VKOG DGKPI
0QY EQNWOP  JCU QPG \GTQ KP TQY  9G OCMG CP CUUKIPOGPV D[ RWVVKPI
 CPF ETQUU
QVJGT \GTQU KP VJCV TQY
%QNWOP  JCU QPG \GTQ KP TQY  9G OCMG CP CUUKIPOGPV CPF FGNGVG QVJGT \GTQU VJCV CTG
WPETQUUGF
 Operations Research 379

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W1     
W2  8  2 8
W3  8   
W4  8  8 
W5  8   

+V KU UGGP VJCV TQY  TQY  EQNWOP  CPF EQNWOP  FQGU PQV JCXG CUUKIPOGPVU 6JWU
UQNWVKQP KU PQV QDVCKPGF CV VJKU UVCIG CPF YG OQXG QP VQ PGZV UVGR
Step 4: &TCY OKPKOWO PWODGT QH JQTK\QPVCN CPF XGTVKECN NKPGU VQ EQXGT CNN \GTQU CV
NGCUV QPEG (QT VJKU HQNNQYKPI RTQEGFWTG KU CFQRVGF (QT ENCTKV[ NGV WU OCMG VJG OCVTKZ CICKP

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W1     
W2  8  2 8 L
W3  8   
W4  8  8  L2
W5  8   
L


K 4QY  CPF  FQ PQV JCXG CUUKIPOGPVU 9G OCTM
 KP DQVJ QH VJGO

KK %QNWOP  JCU \GTQU KP VJG OCTMGF TQYU  CPF  9G RWV C
 OCTM KP EQNWOP 

KKK /CTM
 KP TQY  CU VJKU TQY EQPVCKPU CUUKIPOGPV KP OCTMGF EQNWOP  0Q OQTG
OCTMKPI KU RQUUKDNG

KX &TCY NKPGU L CPF L2 VJTQWIJ WPVKEMGF TQYU
W2 CPF W CPF VKEMGF EQNWOP 
R2
6JKU RTQEGFWTG [KGNFU VJG NGCUV PWODGT QH NKPGU RCUUKPI VJTQWIJ \GTQU
Step 5:
K5GNGEVUOCNNGUVGNGOGPVCOQPICNNWPEQXGTGFGNGOGPVUQHOCVTKZCUCTGUWNVQH
5VGR  *GTG   

KK 5WDVTCEV  HTQO CNN XCNWGU KP OCVTKZ PQV EQXGTGF D[ NKPGU #FF  VQ CNN VJQUG
XCNWGU VJCV NKG CV KPVGTUGEVKQP QH CP[ VYQ NKPGU L L2 CPF L #RRN[KPI VJKU TWNG YG
PF    CPF PGY OCVTKZ KU IKXGP DGNQY

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W1     
W2    2 
W3     
W4     
W5   2  
380 Industrial Engineering and Management

Step 6: %JGEMKPI KH CP QRVKOCN CUUKIPOGPV ECP DG OCFG CV VJKU UVCIG

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W1  8   

W2  8  2 8
W3     
W4     
W5  8 2  8

+V KU seen VJCV GXGT[ TQY CPF EQNWOP JCU CP CUUKIPOGPV 6JWU QRVKOCN UQNWVKQP JCU DGGP
QDVCKPGF CPF KU CU HQNNQYU

Route W R W2 R W R2 W R W R 6QVCNFKUVCPEG

Distance   22   MO

31.6.2 Maximisation in Case of Assignment Problems

7PVKNVJKUVKOGYGJCXGDGGPFKUEWUUKPICUUKIPOGPVRTQDNGOYKVJVJGQDLGEVKXGQHOKPKOKUCVKQP
CU OKPKOKUKPI EQUV RTQFWEVKQP VKOGU TGUQWTEGU GVE Hungarian algorithm KU CNUQ WUGHWN HQT
UQNXKPICUUKIPOGPVRTQDNGOUYKVJVJGQDLGEVKXGQHOCZKOKUKPIVJGQDLGEVKXGHWPEVKQP%QPUKFGT
VJG ECUG QH OCTMGVKPI JGCF QH CP QTICPKUCVKQP YJQ YCPVU VQ CUUKIP UCNGU OCPCIGTU VQ XCTKQWU
UCNGU \QPGU UWEJ VJCV GZRGEVGF RTQV KU OCZKOKUGF 9JGP VJKU V[RG QH UKVWCVKQP QEEWTU IKXGP
RTQDNGO JCU VQ TUV EQPXGTVGF KPVQ C OKPKOKUCVKQP RTQDNGO 6JKU KU FQPG D[ UWDVTCEVKPI HTQO
VJG JKIJGUV GNGOGPV CNN QVJGT GNGOGPVU QH VJG OCVTKZ 5WDUGSWGPVN[ *WPICTKCP CNIQTKVJO KU
CRRNKGF HQT UQNXKPI VJG RTQDNGO

PROBLEM 31.11 # OCTMGVKPI JGCF QH C OWNVKPCVKQPCN EQORCP[ JCU UCNGU OCPCIGTU KP KVU
HQWTUCNGU\QPGU
0QTVJ5QWVJ'CUVCPF9GUV%QPUKFGTKPIVJGECRCDKNKVKGUQHUCNGUOCPCIGTU
CPF VJG PCVWTG QH UCNGU \QPGU VJG OCTMGVKPI JGCF GUVKOCVGU VJG UCNGU RGT OQPVJ
KP JWPFTGFU
QH TWRGGU HQT GCEJ UCNGU OCPCIGT KP GCEJ UCNGU \QPG CU HQNNQYU

North South East West

zone zone zone zone
Sales manager 1    22
Sales manager 2  22  
Sales manager 3    
Sales manager 4    

(KPF VJG CUUKIPOGPV QH UCNGU OCPCIGTU VQ HQWT UCNGU \QPGU HQT [KGNFKPI OCZKOWO RTQVU
 Operations Research 381
Solution
#URTQDNGOKUQHOCZKOKUCVKQPV[RGKVJCUVQDGTUVEQPXGTVGFVQOKPKOKUCVKQPV[RGHQTUQNXKPI
KV D[ *WPICTKCP OGVJQF *KIJGUV QH CNN GNGOGPVU KP IKXGP OCVTKZ KU  5WDVTCEV CNN GNGOGPVU
QH OCVTKZ HTQO  9G IGV GSWKXCNGPV NQUU OCVTKZ CU IKXGP DGNQY

North South East West

zone zone zone zone
Sales manager 1    
Sales manager 2   2 2
Sales manager 3 2 2  
Sales manager 4    2

0QY *WPICTKCP OGVJQF ECP DG CRRNKGF

Step 1: 2TGRCTG C USWCTG OCVTKZ #U IKXGP OCVTKZ KU CNTGCF[ C USWCTG OCVTKZ VJKU KU PQV
TGSWKTGF
Step 2: 2GTHQTOKPI TQY CPF EQNWOP EQORWVCVKQPU YG IGV OCVTKZ CU IKXGP DGNQY

North South East West

zone zone zone zone
Sales manager 1    
Sales manager 2 2   
Sales manager 3    
Sales manager 4   2 

Step 3: %JGEM KH CP QRVKOCN CUUKIPOGPV ECP DG OCFG KP EWTTGPV HGCUKDNG UQNWVKQP

North South East West

zone zone zone zone
Sales manager 1    
Sales manager 2 2   8
Sales manager 3 8   
Sales manager 4   2 

#U GCEJ TQY CPF GCEJ EQNWOP JCU CP CUUKIPOGPV QRVKOCN UQNWVKQP JCU DGGP HQWPF
5WDUVKVWVKPI VJGUG KP QTKIKPCN OCVTKZ YG QDVCKP VJG CPUYGT CU HQNNQYU
5CNGU OCPCIGT  UJQWNF DG CUUKIPGF 0QTVJ \QPG
5CNGU OCPCIGT  UJQWNF DG CUUKIPGF 'CUV \QPG
5CNGU OCPCIGT  UJQWNF DG CUUKIPGF 5QWVJ \QPG
5CNGU OCPCIGT  UJQWNF DG CUUKIPGF 9GUV \QPG
/CZKOWO RTQV           ETQTGU