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Disease Condition that makes a person sick A disorder of structure or function in a human,
animal, or plant, especially one that produces
specific signs or symptoms or that affects a
specific location and is not simply a direct
result of physical injury.
Water-borne Involves transport through water Conveyed by, traveling on, or involving travel
or transportation on water.
Food Miles Length of travel of food A mile over which a food item is transported
from producer to consumer, as a unit of
measurement of the fuel used to do this.
Life Expectancy Number of year a person is expected to live The average period that a person may expect
to live.
Infant Mortality Rate Number of deaths under 1 year old per 1000 Number of deaths under one year of age
live births in a geographical area per year occurring among the live births in a given
geographical area during a given year, per
1,000 live births occurring among the
population of the given geographical area
during the same year.
Child Mortality Number of deaths under 5 year old per 1000 Child mortality, also known as under-
live births in a geographical area per year 5 mortality or child death, refers to the death
of infants and children under the age of five
or between the age of one month to four
years depending on the definition.
Calorie Intake Amount of calories a person takes Calorie intake measures the daily
consumption of food in calories compared
with the recommended daily consumption,
which is 1940 calories per day for women
and 2550 for men.
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Health Services Services for health-related things A public service providing medical care.
prevention as opposed to treatment Prevention is a better way (more efficient) to Measures taken for disease prevention, as
overcome a disease in a geographical area opposed to disease treatment.
compared to treatment.
temporary hunger Need for food temporarily A short term physiological need for food.
chronic hunger Need for food in a longer term A long term physiological need for food. The
human body needs an average of 1800kcal
per day and without this, over a long period of
time (weeks and months) the body will begin
to metabolise fat, muscle tissue and
eventually organs, resulting in death.
famine Need for food until death An extreme shortage of food resulting in
mortality.
Food security Having enough food The state of having reliable access to a
sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious
food.
Green Revolution Period of time when advances in agriculture The Green Revolution was a period when the
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bilateral agreement Agreement between two countries An exchange agreement between two
nations or trading groups that gives each
party favored trade status pertaining to
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multilateral agreement Agreement between more than two countries An exchange agreement between three or
more nations or trading groups that gives
each party favored trade status pertaining to
certain goods obtained from the signatories.
food aid Help / aid in form of food from other countries Food aid is hard to summarize succinctly due
to countries in need to many related issues, but in general it is
about providing food and related assistance
to tackle hunger, either in emergency
situations, or to help with deeper, longer term
hunger alleviation and achieve food security
(where people do not have to live in hunger
or in fear of starvation).
free trade 1. Trade without money 2. International trade left to its natural
course without tariffs, quotas, or other
restrictions.
fair trade Trade with money 1. Trade in which fair prices are paid to
producers in developing countries.
sustainable agriculture Production of agriculture that is sustainable Sustainable agriculture is the production of
food, fiber, or other plant or animal products
using farming techniques that protect the
environment, public health, human
communities, and animal welfare.
energy efficiency ratios Measure of energy efficiency The ratio of a heating or cooling system's
output, per hour, in British thermal units to the
input in watts, used to measure the system's
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efficiency.
sustainable yields Supply of resource which will eventually The continuing supply of a natural resource,
regrow as timber, through scheduled harvests to
insure replacement by regrowth or
reproduction.
diseases of affluence Diseases caused by how a person lives. Diseases of affluence is a term sometimes
Normally occurs in MEDCs. E.g. diabetes given to selected diseases and other health
conditions which are commonly thought to be
a result of increasing wealth in a society.
diseases of poverty Diseases caused by the lack of money. Diseases of poverty is a term used to
Normally occurs in LEDCs. E.g. cholera collectively describe diseases, disabilities,
and health conditions that are more prevalent
among the poor than among wealthier
people.
diffusion by relocation Spread from a place to another Relocation diffusion is the spread of an idea
through physical movement of people from
one place to another.
diffusion by expansion Spread from a place outwards Expansion diffusion is idea or innovation
spreads outward from the hearth
Syllabus Content Example/Case Study Four Bullet Points About Case Study
The geographic factors that determine the Prevention of HIV in Uganda ABC
relative emphasis placed by policy-makers, in Campaign (Abstinence, Be Faithful, In Uganda developed a national HIV/AIDS
policy in 1992. A variety of approaches to
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Green Revolution Green Revolution by Norman Borlaug The Green Revolution is the name given to
the approach that was developed by Norman
Borlaug and others to increase the
productivity of agricultural land in key
countries of the world by educating farmers
and introducing new technologies.
the environmental, demographic, political, Poverty is the main cause of food insecurity: Poverty statistics:
social and economic factors that have caused Haiti, the Caribbean GDP per capita: USD $660, second
areas of food deficiency and food insecurity poorest country in the Caribbean
54% of all Haitians live on below
US$1 per day
Malnutrition statistics:
World Food Program reports that the
food supply in Haiti only covers 55%
of the population
24% of children under 5 suffer from
chronic malnutrition
Hunger responsible for almost 60% of
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variety of causes responsible for a recent 2011 Horn of Africa (HOA) famine Political: Governments e.g. Ethiopias have
famine begun leasing farmland to overseas investors
in China, India and Saudi Arabia. Deprives
locals of arable land to grow crops.
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the impacts at a variety of scales of trade Mc Donalds Many of the worlds biggest companies have
barriers, agricultural subsidies, bilateral and become that way by offering a basic
multilateral agreements, and transnational necessity which we cannot stop buying.
corporations (TNCs) on the production and
availability of food
TNCs are driven by profits rather than the
desire to provide us with the best possible
food. Decisions are not made on the grounds
of existing arrangements, and firms are not
necessarily sympathetic to changes in local
conditions.
the relative importance of food aid, free trade Britain Ethiopia in 2011 Britain is to provide 38m in emergency food
and fair trade in alleviating food shortages. aid for 1.3 million people in Ethiopia, as parts
of east Africa experience the worst drought in
decades.
the geographic concepts of diffusion by 1918 Influenza Flu Killed an estimated 40 million people
relocation and by expansion apply to the worldwide within just a few months, with
spread of diseases some estimates of casualties closer to 90
million.
geographic factors responsible for the Malaria in Kenya & HIV in Ethiopia Temperature Above 16 C for parasite to
incidence and spread of two diseases develop Below 32 C
The geographic impact of these two diseases Malaria in Kenya & HIV in Ethiopia Local: Financial resources diverted in health
at the local, national and international scales care instead of economic development and
education
the management strategies that have been Malaria in Sri Lanka Mosquitoes are more active at night
applied in any one country or region for one Being inside a building does not
of these diseases guarantee protection