How to Prepare «+ Takes one-year introductory chemistry course atthe college preparatory level + abort epee a dpicant factor in developing retoning and polen- ‘elving lead should help intext preparation even thowgh laboratory sls can be tested only in limited way ina multiple-choice test + Mathematics preparation that enables handling simple algebraic ratonships and applying these to solving word problems wil help + Familiarize yourself with the concepts of ratio and direct and inverse proportions, exponents, and scientific notation. + Familiarize yourself with directions in advance. The ditections inthis book are ‘ential to those that appear onthe test. You should have the ability to «recall and understand the major concep of chemise and tap the pines to tare pce problems in chemi. «gine and interpret rela obaned by observation and experimentation and satin concen or make Infences Hom experimental dna, icung dt presented in graphic nor bla rm Notes: (1) A periodic table indicating the atomic numbers and masses of elements is provided forall test administrations. (2) Calculators arent allowed tobe sed during the test. (@) Problem solving requires simple numerical caleulations. (@ The metric system of units i used Score ‘he total sore is reported onthe 200-800 scale Sample Questions ‘Three types of questions are used in the Chemistry Subject Test: classification questions, relationship analysis questions, and fiv-choice completion questions. ‘Note: For all questiops involving solutions, assume that the solvent is water uniess there noted. am“The Oftici Study Guide for All SAF Sublect Tests eee Classification Questions “Exch set of classification questions has, inthe heading, ive lettered choices that you will, tte to answer all of the questions inthe set. The choices may be statements that refer to-concepts, principles, substances, or observable phenomena; or they may be graphs, pictues, equations, numbers, or experimental settings or situations. ‘Because the same five choice are applicable to several questions, the classification questions susally requir less reading than other types of multiple-choice questions. Answering a {vestinn earertly depends on the sophistication ofthe set of questions. One set may test yur ability to recall information; another set may ask you to apply information toa specific Stuation or to translate information from one form to another (descriptive, graphical, mathematical). The directions for this type of question specifically state that you should hot eliminate a choice simply because it is the correct answer toa previous question. Fellowing are the directions for and an example ofa clasfcation set Directions: Each set of letered choices below refers to the numbered statements Immediately fllowing &. Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement or arswers each question and then fil in the corresponding circle onthe answer sheet. A ‘choice may be used once, more than once, or nota all in each set, Questions 1-3 refer to the following aqueous solutions: (a) or mH @ o1mNct - © aIaMHCHO, © o1McHoH © 01 MKOH 1. Is weakly acidic 2. Has the highest pi 13, Reacts with an equal volame of 0.05 M Ba(OH), to form a solution with pH = 7 ‘These three questions belong tothe topic category of aids and bases and require you to apply knowledge in this atea tothe particular solutions specified in the five choices. Choice (C) isthe correct answer to question 1, To answer the frst question, you must recognize which of the choices above are acid solatons. Only choices (A) and () satisfy thisrequzement. Choice (refer to «neutral sal solution, choice () ia soltion ofan Alco and choice (Esa basi soltion. Both choies (A) and (C) ae ace oltions, but choice (A) i «strong acid that is completely ionized in aqucous solution, while choice (Cs only partially nized in squcots solution, Stace the concentrations af dl the solutions are the same, you do not need to consider this factor. The hydfoget Ton Concentration ofa O.-molar ace acid solution is considerably smaller than 0.1 mol “The hydrogen ion concentration in choice (A) i qa oO.-molar. Thus, choice (C) sa ‘weakly acidic soliton and isthe correct answer bzChemistry ‘Choice (Es the correct answer to question 2.To answer the second question, you need. to understand the pH scale, which is a measure ofthe hydrogen ion concentration in. solution and is defined as pH(=-~log(H"]. The higher the pH, the lower the hydrogen ion Concentration and the more basic the solution. Among the choices given above, choice (is the most basic solution. ‘Choice (A) is the correct answer to question 3.To answer the third question, you need 1 ‘know that acids react with bases to form salts and water. Since the question refers to equal volumes ofeach solution, assume 1 iter ofeach solution is available. Barium hydroxide solution isa strong base, ie, is completly ionized in water, and 1 liter of 0.05 Ba(OF), provides 01 mole of OH" tons in solution. When 1 Iker ofthis solution is added 10 1 ter ‘of either 0.1 M NaCl, 0.1 M CH,OH, or 0.1 M KOH no reactions occur and the resulting, solutions remain basic, Le, the’ pH willbe grater than 7 in each case. When 0.1 mole ‘OH: fons reacts with 0 mole of acetic acid, the resulting solation wil also be basic and hhave a pH greater than 7 because acetic acid isa weak acd, i, is incompletely ionized. in water. The acetic acid reacts withthe OF ios as follows HCHO, + OH # 6,0, +H,0 ‘The acetate salt formed hydrolyzes in water yielding solution containing more OH ions than H’ ions. When I lite of 0.05 Mf Ba(OH), reacts with I liter of 0.1 M Hl, there is reaction between 0. mole OH fons and 0.1 mele H'to form 0.1 mole H,O. The resulting solution contains Ba" jons and Cl ions and equal concentrations of OH" and H" ions. ‘The solution formed is neutral and the pH is 7 Relationship Analysis Questions “This typeof question consis of specific statement or assertion (Statement) fallowedby an explanation of the aseertion (Statement I). The uestion is answered by determining if the ‘sertion and the explanation are each true statements and, if so, whether the explanation (or reason) provided dos in fact properly explain the statement given in the assertion. “This type of question tests your ability to ideify proper cause-and-effect relationships. It probes whether you can assess the correcness of the original assertion and then evaluate the truth ofthe "reason" proposed to justify it. The analysis required by this type ‘of question provides you with an opportunity o demonstrate developed reasoning sills and the scope of your understanding of a particular topic. ‘nthe ata honty Test he fang tp of oss must te answered on 2 pec seton bold “Chemist the we thang cama you re he, These quests wie nbord egirng wih 101 ar mst be towed ard ot lowing dictions. Fa SAMPLE ANSWER GRIP lw 1 OO OO) ay‘The Official Study Guide for AMSA Sunject Tests ‘Directions: Each question below consists oftwo statements, In the left-hand column, and Il in the righthand column. For each question, determine whether statement I is, ‘true or false and whether statement II is true or false and fill n the corresponding T or F circles on your answer sheet, Fill n circle CE only ifstatement Ili a correct explanation ‘ofthe true statement 0, isa song aie 0 conaine sit Anata atangeris an yn tm cera nega rte eriesly neu 1 0 4. The dlectrolyss ofa concentrated BECAUSE _sodiumchlosideisacovalent solution of sodium chloride compound, produces chlorine ‘Tae above question has several components. Statement the assertion has to do with an oxidation-reduction reaction, more specifically, an electrochemical reaction. This statement is true because the electrolysis of a concentrated sodium chloride solution ‘yds chlorine ga at the anode (oxidation) and hydrogen gas atthe cathode (reduction). ‘The electrolytic solution gradually becomes alkaline with the accumulaton of hydroxide fons (.e, OH ions) asthe reaction proceeds. Statement I, the reason is false because the type of chemical honding in sodium chloride isionic. According to the directions for answering this question type, you should fill in the corresponding T and F circles on your answer sheet. 1 1 5. Atoms of diferent elements can “BECAUSE atoms of each element have hhave the same mass number characteristic number of protons in the nucleus. ‘This is @ question on slomic structure. The sum of the number of protons plus the amber of neutrons contained in the nucleus of an‘atom isthe mass number. However, sloms of the same element may have different numbers of reutton in their nce and thus have diffeent masses. Such atoms, which have the same number of protons. “bat different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes of an element (¥C and #C, for -ezampl) The existence of isotopes makes it possible for atoms of diferent elements,Chomistry — that i, with different numbers of protons, to have the same total mass or mass number CEC and YN, for example). Thus Statement I is true. Statement Ili also true because the numberof protons in the nucleus of an atom isa characteristic feature that identifies ‘each element. Butts ct the reason that explains the existence of isotopes and so dees ‘ot properly explain Statement I. Thus, to answer this question, you should fil in both T circles fr this question, but not the CE circle. 1 0 6. When the system CO(g) + BECAUSE an increase of pressure on Cg) # COCK) isat equilibrium a system will be relieved id the pressure on the system is when the system shifts t increased by decreasing the volume a smaller total number of ‘at constant. temperature, more moles of gas. ‘COCA g) willbe produced Statement 1 is true because whenever stress is applied to a system at equilibrium the system will tend to shift to relieve the stress,(Le Chatlir’s principe). In the system described, the stress i caused by an increase in pressure resulting from a decrease in the ‘lume and will be relied by the reaction of some CO and Cl, to form more COC, “The new equilibrium tha wil be established will contain 2 smaller total numberof moles of ges, thereby reducing the pressure stress. This isthe explanation given in Statement 1, which is not only true but also correctly explains the phenomenon described in Statement 1 Thus, to aniwer this question correctly you should fil in both T circles as wel as the CE circle Five-Choice Completion Questions “The five-choice competion question is written either a5 an incomplete statement or as «question. Iti appropriate when: (1) the problem presented is clearly delineated by the ‘wording ofthe question so that you are asked to choofe not a universal soliton but the best ofthe solutions offered; (2) the problem is such that you are required to evaluat the relevance of five plausible, or even Scientifically accurate options and to select the one ‘most pertinent; @) the problem has several pertinent solutions and you are required to select the one inappropriate solution that is presented. Such questions normally contain ‘word in capita letters such as NOT, LEAST, or EXCEPT. ‘A special typeof five-chcie completion question is used in some tests, including the SAT Subject Test in Chemisty, to allow forthe possibilty of multiple correct answers. For these questions, you mut evaluate each response independently ofthe others in order‘o select the most appropriate combination. In questions of this type several (usually thtee ‘or four) statements labeled by Roman numerals are given with the question. One or mire ofthese statements may correctly answer the question. You mus select, from among the five lettered choices that fellow, the one combination of statements that best answers the ‘question. In the test, questions ofthis type are intermixed among the more standard fve- choice completion questions. (Question 8 is an example ofthis type of question)‘Phe Oftctal Seudy Gude for All SAT Bubfoct Torte In five-choice completion questions, you may be asked to convert the information given in a word problem into graphical form or to select and apply the mathematical ‘elationship necessary to solve the scientific problem. Alternatively, you may be asked to interpret experimental data, graphical stimuli, or mathematical expressions. ‘When the experimental data or other scientific problems to be analyzed are comparatively extensive, it soften convenient to organize several five-choice completion questions into ‘sets, that i, direct each question ina set to the same material. This practice allows you to answer several questions based on the same material. In no case, however, isthe answer to fone question necessary for answering a subsequent question correctly. Each question in a setis independent ofthe others and refes ony to the material given for the entire set. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one tat is best in each case and then fll in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. 7. ‘The hydrogen fon concentration ofa solution prepared by diluting 50 milliliters of (0100-molar HINO, with water to 500 milliliters of solution is (a) 00010M () 0.0050 a © oom (©) 050M @ 10M (Choice (C) is the correct answer to question 7. This i a question that concerns solution concentrations, One way to solve the problem is through the use of ratios. In this question, ‘solution of nitric acid i diluted 10-fld; therefore, the concentration ofthe solution will decrease by factor of 10, that is, from 0.100-molar to 0,010:molae. Alternatively, you ‘could calculate the number of moles of H ions present and divide this value by 0.59 liter: (0.100°x 0.050)/.5 = M ofthe diluted solution. i8. The bulb ofthe open-end manometer shown above contains a gas. True statements bout this system include which ofthe following? 1. Only atmospheric pressure is exerted on the exposed mercury surface In the right side ofthe tube. TL The gas pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. UI "The difference inthe height, k, of mercury levels is equal tothe pressure of the gas . (A) only. ®) Monly (© Land only (©) Land ti only © Gthandit Choice (C) is the correct answer to question 8, This is laboratory-oriented question pertaining to the measurement of gas pressures. It demands higher-level analytical skills that involve drawing conclusions from results obtained in an experiment. To answer ‘question correctly, ou must first understand that, in an open type of manometer, the alr exerts pressure on the column of liquid inthe open side ofthe Uctube and the gas being studied exerts pressure on the other side of the U-tube. Its clear then that Statement [is true since the data given show that the manometer is open-ended and its right side is exposed tothe atmosphere. Statement I is also a true statement because the level of liquid mercury is higher in the right side, whichis exposed tothe atmosphere, than in the lft side, which i exposed tothe gas. Thus the gas pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, Statement Ils not a correct statement because the pressure ofthe tas in the bulb, expressed in millimeters of mercury, is equal tothe difference in height, Fr ofthe two mercury levels, plus the atmospheric pressure. Thus only Statements I and are correct.‘The Otel Study Cuda for All SAT Subjoct Torts 9. A thermometer is placed in a test tube containing melted pure substance. As slow cooling occurs, the thermometer is read at reguler intervals until well after the ‘sample has solidified, Which ofthe following types of graphs is obtained by plotting temperature versus time for this experiment? ws me i \ i é é Tine Te Og OE i 7 i é & Ti ar we reece tena Ta ‘Choice (B) isthe correct answer to question 9. This isa question on states of matte. You must convert the description ofthe physical phencrmenon given in the question to ‘graphical form. When a liquid is cooled slowiy, its temgerature will decrease with time. ‘Thus the first portion ofa graph depicting this phenomenon must show a decrease when temperature is plotted against time. When a pure liquid substance reaches its fusion (felting) point, continued cooling will release heat with time asthe substance solidifies, ‘During this period there is no drop in temperature. Aer the substance has completely, solidified, farther cooling will cause an additional dropin temperature. The only graph shown that accurately depicts the events described is (B, which is the answer. 2+ Cag) +. ag) 9... Cal) +. 1) 10, When the ejuation above isbalanced anda coefficients are reduced to lowest whoe- saumber terms, the coefficient for F(a) is wt ® © ” ® oz—— Choice (D) isthe correct answer to question 10 This question pertainsto the balancing of themial equations In order to answer this question correctly, you need to recognize that both mass and charge must be conserved in any chemical equation, With this in mind, the chemical equation is correctly written as 2Cuag) +4 aq) 2Cal6) +10) “The coefficient fr F(a) is 4 11. From their electron configurations, one can predict that the geometric configuration for which of the following molecules is NOT correct. (A) PF, trigonal planar ®) CE, tetrahedral (©) CHCA, irvegular tetrahedron (D) OF, bent (v-shaped) (®) HFlinear (Choice (A) is the correct answer to question 11. This is a question on chemical bonding fand requires you to apply the principles of molecular bonding, Each of the molecules given is correctly paired with the term describing its molecular geometry except choice {A). The geometry of PF, isnot trigonal planar, but trigonal pyramidal, because this ‘geometey corresponds to'a maximum possible separation ofthe electron pars around the central atom, phosphorus, and therefore yields the most stable configuration; the central atom of the molecule Is surrounded by three single bonds and one unshared Cdectron pat. Thus, the correct answer is choice (A). Note that this isthe type of question ‘that asks you to identify the one solution to the problem that i inappropriate 50,9) +...0,@)>.? 12, According to the reaction above, how many moles of SO,(g) are required to react completely with 1 mole of O,(g)? (A) 05 mole @) I mole (©) 2moles (0) 3 moles ®) Amoles Choice (C) is the correct answer to question 12. This is a question on descriptive chemistry that also tests your ability to balance chemical equations. The correct answer to this question depends first on your knowing that the combustion of sulfur dioxide, $0,(g) produces sulfur trioxide, SO,. The stoichiometry of the correctly balanced equation indicates that 2 moles of SO,(g) are needed to react completely with 1 mole of (0,6) to form 2 moles of $0, 25d‘The Ot8clal Study Gulde for All SAT Subject Tests 13, Analysis by mass ofa certain compound shows thatt contains 44 percent hydrogen and 85° percent carbon. Which ofthe following is the most informative statement ‘that can properly be made about the compound on the basis ofthese data? (A) Bisa hydrocarbon. (8) Us empirical formula is CH, (©) tusmolecuar formula is CH, (©) Its molar mass is 28 grams. G6, contains a triple bond. Choice (B) s the correct answer to question 13. Ths is a question on stoichiometry that tests the important skill of scientific reasoning based on experimental evidence i stales that 100 percent of the composition of the compound analyzed can be accounted for with the elements hydrogen and carbon. Thus, this compound 's a nydrocarbon and choice (A) is a correct statement. It is not the correct answer to the suestion, however, Because you can deduce more specific conclusions about this "om the information given. The relative percentage composition provides ceveence thatthe atomic ratio of carbon to hydrogen in the compound must be 85.6/12.0: 14.1/L0 9° £2. Therefore, you can conclude thatthe empirical formula for the compound SC... yrocarbon. Thus choice (B) is better answer than choice (A). Since you do not ‘Tmumber of moles ofthe compound used for analysis, you cannot calculate the moiay mass or derive the molecular formula for this compound. Thus choices (C) and ‘edetermined from the information given and so they are not cortectanswe ‘on tis known, however, that a substance with an empirical formula of CH, annatave a ple bond, Tetfore, choice is incoect.Chemistry Test eee ee Practice Helps The test that follows is an actual, recently administered SAT Subject Test in Chemistry, To get an idea of what it's lke to take this tet,practice under conditions that are much lke those of an actual test administration. ‘© Sot aside an hour when you can take the test uninterrupted. Make sure you complete the test in one sitting, © Sitata desk or table with no other books or papers. Dictionaries, other books, or notes are nat allowed inthe test room. © Tear aut an answer sheet from the back of this book and fill it in just as you would on the day of the test. One answer sheet can be used for up to three Subject Tests. ‘© Read the instructions that precede the practice test. During. the actual ‘administration you wil be asked to read them before answering test questions. ‘© Time yourself by placing a clock or kitchen timer infront of you. © After you finish the practice test, read the sections “How to Score the SAT Subject Test in Chemistry” and “How Did You Do on the Subject Test in Chemisty?” : ‘© The appearance of the answer sheet inthis book may differ from the answer sheet you see on test day. 7d(CHEMISTRY TEST “The top potion ofthe section ofthe answer sheet that you wil se a aking the Chemisty Test ast be filled in ‘exactly as showa nthe Dustaon below. Note carefully tt you have to do al ofthe following en your answer sheet, |. Print CHEMISTRY on the line under he word “Subject Test gin).” 2. Inthe sbaed box labeled “Test Code”fillin four ccs: : Palin circle? in the ow labeled V. Flin ice in the ow labeled W. lin cle in the ow labeled X ‘Fil in ice D in the ow labeled Y. (CHEMISTRY nin the appropiate cies inthe row abled Q onthe How many semesters of chemistry have you taken in high school (Ifyou ae taking chemistry this semester, coun staal semester il only ne cleo eles 13 + One semester ores iin dete 1 + Two remesers Filia cele 2. 1 Three semester or more illincele 3 uestion fw roccnly have you sic homity? ‘+ Tam curently enrolled in or have Sus completed a chemistry couse Fil inciecte ‘havent studied chemistry for ‘months or more Rita cites. Question ‘Which f the following best describes your preparation i algebra? (If you ar taking anager course this semester, coun its afl semester) Filion oe cle of icles 6, One temetr orb Filial 1 Tomocens Fitna 1 Frese ence Thier \ usta | ‘re youcurely ling Advanced Paces Chest? you ae fli cie9 Wie te pir gine te as nein be Chemin Tet. Thi i of 8 gutinsia Ue Chemisty Tat TO pqs 10-3 toa me based on eal eon teow tnd ‘Sof eto se) DzesMATERIAL IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE MAY BE USEFUL IN ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS IN THIS EXAMINATICN. (CHEMISTRY TEST ® RT so TaaT | CY OT YT WE] OTHE FORE wig] wy | ma] an o6|_ss| v6 | es Ta¥c Busts] ast] GT pp | na) mg] me elolel» ‘ours opr} ug ap. (Td AHL AO ATAVL O1GORad “HOOK WOUA HOVER TON Od® CHEMISTRY TEST ® Note: Forall questions involving solutions, assume thatthe slventis water unless otberwie sated. ‘Throughout he test he flowing symbols have the definitions specified ules otherwise noted. Part simosptye() gram). jeates) Eojtes) lites) niles) rillieterts) smolts) vols) Directions: Each set of letered choices below refers othe numbered statements or questions immediately fl- lowing Select te one letered choice tht best is cach saement or answer each question and ten fil Inthe ‘comesponding cise onthe ase sheet. A choice may be wsed ance, mare thsn one, Row al in each ‘Questions 1-3 refer tothe felloming pieces of. laboratory equipment, (8) Condenser (8) Funnel © Pipe () Balence © Buomexr ‘Commonly used to uansfer an esc volume of Tiuid fom ove captains to another 2. Commonly used ina distin ep 3. Commonly used ina filtration sep ava [Eraranrmet er “| ‘Questions 4 refer tothe following information. Na,CrO,, soluble yelow oid UC, a sob yeliow slid NaNO, a soluble whi soit PBINO,);, a soluble white solid (A) Yelow solid and colores soliton (@) Yelow sold an yellow solution (©) Wht sod and colts soston (D) No solid an yellow stuion (E) No solid and colores solution 4 Obeaved when Oma of Na,CiO, and 20 et of PHONO), are mixed wih IL of water 5. Observed when 3.0 mol of NajCrO, and 1.0 et ‘of Ph(NO) are mixed with IL of water 6, Observed when LO mol of NaNO, and 1.0 mal of PUNO, are mined with 1L of water (GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE)® cma te ® “Questions 79 refer tothe following. (Questions 14-17 refer tothe following subshels. (A) Reduction potential we {@) Ionization enre Gonizatin potential) Be {© Electronegtvty © x (©) Heat of formation © x» (@) Activation energy © Mt 17. athe eneny change accompanying the synthesis 14, Contains upto ten eleewons ofa compound from #8 lements niet standard tes 15. Contin one pst of electron inthe ground tate ‘levronconfiguatin ofthe lithium stor 8, Isthe energy needed o remove an electron from a asco tom in wound sae 16 ts excl oneal led inthe groun-site ‘leon configuration ofthe phosphors stom 9 tethe minimum enety need for moeciles to react and ore progos 17, Contain the valence lectus inthe groend-tate ‘leston cofiguon ofthe magresism som ‘Questions 10-13 refer othe following pairs of setae. Quetons 1-20 refer tothe following ete. (A) Ni, and lhe 1) 0, @ "0 md" @) (©) NHC! and NHNO, oo (©) CH,OCH, and CH,CH,OH oa ©) 0, and 05 © 80, 10. Areisoopes 18, Contbuts to ai in 11. Have both ionic and covtent bonds 19, Inthe stranger, serens ot large ftion ‘huvilet ay om be Sun 12, Ar lioopes 20, le product ofthe incomplete combustion of 13, Ace strong eleewolyes ia aqueous sation Tymcutone a [GO ONTOTHENEXTPAGE > Sameer hi® Sue eta ® ‘Question 21-24 refer tothe lettered solutions inthe laboratory schemes represented below. wo ® © Mix equal volumes orMic Or M NOH iydrochloic Acid. Sodium Hydrorie © O1MHGHO, _ 01MNaOH ‘Ace Ac Solum Hydroxide 21. Has a hydroxide ion concensatio of 107 at 298 K 22. Haste highest pH a 298 K 23, Has pl greater han 7, but es than 13 a 298 K 24, Has pl greater than 2, but es than 71298 K — |® wear oc ® PLEASE GO TO THE SPECIAL SECTION LABELED CHEMISTRY AT THE LOWER LEFT- HAND CORNER OF THE PAGE OF THE ANSWER SHEET YOU ARE WORKING ON AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 101-115 ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS. Part Directions: Lach question below consist of tm saement, in the fbn column and in Column Foreach question, determine wheter statement ite or fale and wheter statement I ‘bd inthe earespoading T or Fels on your answer sheet. i ‘explanation of he ue sateen ‘EXAMPLES: 1 a EX 1, 1,80, isastrongacid BECAUSE 1,$0, contains sulfur EX2. Anatomof oxygenis BECAUSE anoxygen tom contains a equal ‘deceealy neat ‘umber of protons and electrons. Ti [ee] SAMPLE ANSWERS Lite Ole © eclecle 1 rf 101. lly and Cal havetbe same chemical and BECAUSE C,H, and Cl bave the sme percentages piyscal properties ty mas of yarn, 12. The meng oie isan exothermic process BECAUSE water has a relatively high specific het copy. 103. A2 g sample of nirogen aod 22 gsample of BECAUSE equal masses of gaseous substances conaio ‘nygen contain he same sumer of mckeeaes fhe ame number oF molecules, 108, Whee stom absorbs photo of visible BECAUSE an clecromhas rgative charge Tight, ooe of eleateos Is promoted oa Bees ee = ee Cay(CyH,0;)2 (molar mass 498 g/mol), ‘calcium carbonate than in 1.0 mol of calcium CuO Soar = eee areca pe eae Pia pera yeoman core moninom eam aro)® 108. Ait sacstorsare colorless in nes soltion 1 109. AIM sucrie solution ad 21M NACI Solution have he sre een pot 19, sete energy of gas molecules Jnccases a the temperature increases 11 When conceded, the aid shou 2a wy to the water 2. Methane, CH, very soluble in water EAL! oi fects rogied to reduce 0.5 mol of clrine gas eerie ons i (His smaller han (H") “More aid the ds in, F*vand an oxide ion, OF (CHEMISTRY TEST—Continued BECAUSE BECAUSE BECAUSE BECAUSE BECAUSE BECAUSE BECAUSE BECAUSE ® indicates cevelo color onlin the presence (ofa suong cid ora og base 1 AF sucrose solution anda 1 M NaCt Seluion cutie same abr of tle parcles per iter of solution the average sped of gas molecules decreases 8 the temperate inrease ‘watered wo 2 concetated ac, . ‘iolent splatering ight occur ‘water molecules form hydogen bonds with ‘methane meleciles hlorae melecules are dntomic andthe ‘charge one chloe ion is = “amolcule of acetic acid contains more stoms than does a molecule of hydrogen chloride ‘he Nuaide on, F°, and the oxide on, 0 have the sane cumte of electrons RETUP*! TO THE SECTION OF YOUR ANSWER SHEET YOU STARTED FOR CHEMISTRY AND [ANSWE. QULS 10N5 25-70, (GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE >® a = Directs Eich of te qson oraconplee sateen wis followed by five ugg se a ry anche tl en nn capri cise othe anv ses HSU) +044) > ---H,OC@ + --.SOXe) 78. When wo colons gud reagents are ited Renee eeirene ere 25. When 2 of 8) et wines of Seba peer eeeyeere 1 rerun ofa pec sa Hot pte ution oe poly Fen tes 9 tat tm Bisa Que, Ostet Bhatia Dim S)netiy Bem Pit tt se eccngteempemmetagenaspicdens Whelan teen See aE ihr tong? owis ecton do ogra fer PF? 1 Tupac wo Fibr ee er percent i Eemee fe (tony Obes. gust, Beth ay (D) Hand Il only cee ©) 1.0 and 1 E bee ‘27. The number of electrons in '35$ 7 w 2 @ a 2S | ae : ©) 68 . Soa,® casas cnt ® 30. Which of the folowing is eanskon clement? kon @) Carbon «| (© Poussin ©) Tin (©) Radius 31. When $0. of 15M NaClag is aed with pure wate ts il volume of 150 ml, wha {he molanty of the eulting solution? (010% & osoa (© isa ©) 456 © 50m 32. A400 g sample ofa hydrated salt was heated ‘tal the water was driven of. The mass ofthe ‘slid remaining was 320g, Wha was the pecent ‘of water by mass in the orginal sample? &) B08 @ 200% (© 250% ©) 750% ©) 800% A souion hat has pH of 0s (A) sronay basic () sity basic ©) seal (©) sight acc (©) sng side “M. Which of efollonng molest a sted yercaion? ) Gi or © one ©) coy, ©, 3 [Saree Pol est“) 2%. 26. ” 2. e046) +. C01) >... Fes) + COME) ‘When the equation above is balanced and all be coeticint are reduced lowest wholecumber terms, what isthe coeticient for F030)? wt 2 ©3 4 @s In which of the following compounds does rikogen have an ondaion number of #5? (A) HNO, @N (© NO, No © NOH ‘both NaOH and KOH were the same price per llogran, it would be cape fo we NSH ‘0 newlize a quant of aid because NaOH (A) weighs ess per mole han KOH (@) seighs more per ote tan KOH () neutralizes move ad per mole tan KOH (D) neualizes less ci per mate than KOH. () isles dense han KOH ‘When a given amount of C3(O¥) i completely neurlized with HS0,, which of the following isthe mole rato of Ca(OH), to HO, i this wies 12 (ut 21 al [GO ONTOTHENEXT PAGE >® 39, Factors that infience whether fn to Coliding moecses wil act incl which of ‘the folowing? 1. The energy ofthe colision 1 The oesatin of the molecses IIL The sie difference Between the reactant and prods molcsles (A) Lonty Monty (©) tad oly {(D) Id only (©) LllandT 2509) + 0X8) 2 28050) 40, What isthe expression for be euiibium Constant, Kags fr the reaction presented sow? ow k= EGE [sof © x= To,Fto. 0 ty = Sef [8048 fos © x, ~ Po 50 © ky = shy 4, Asolo contains 1.00 ma of eos, G,i,04, a0 200 malo ea (NH) C0. {0700 ol of water, Whats the mele action of geo ine sluton? (4) 0100 ) 0183 @ 0200 ) 0333 ) 0300 aan | cumaste st— ta ® ‘Vapor Pressure of ‘Temperaue.CC) Ethyl Alobol (uli) @ 0 0 °0 100, 42, Tebaromerie pressure on Pikes Peak (1109 fx in Colorado averages 435 mm Hg. from the tabe above, une cede that the boiling pot of eh aleobo this itd would be tore () beoneen 90°C and 100°C {© benween 80°C and 90°C {D) between 70°C and 80°C (E) between 60°C snd 10°C a) + Hag) > 43, When the equation fr the reaction presented thove is compleed and balanced and all oe ‘em are etic to lowest whole-aurbe tems, the soefficent for HT(ag) is we? Bs 4 5 @s 44, Which ofthe following statements iste i onceminga saturated oton of alt at Sonstot temperate? (A) Theconcenaions of salt and solvent are ‘ally etal (8) The amount of dasolved satis constant, (©) Addition of slid sl sits the equim, eich ess pan increas inthe souk of dnsalved salt. (©) The solution is nsable and sudden crystal “natin could occu (© Ate sume temperature saturated sotaion fof ay oer sal has he same concentration. [G0 ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE am® HO") + Cra) 50, All ofthe following statements ae comet fr the reaction represented by te equation above EXCEPT: (A) HO isthe conjugate acd of 1,0. () Cr isthe conjugate tase of HC, (©) H,0 Isdenaving asa Bronsted Lowry bse. (©) HCL isa weaker Bronted-Lowry asi than 140. (€) The eacton proceeds essetally to completion, [0 ON TOTHE NEXT PAGE >pm | 2 | 1 | 05 | 04 va) | 100 | 200 | «00 | soo aq | 200 [200 | 200 [200 51. Theda given in the able above describe the behave of Sample of ga, Which of te following empirical laws does the dataset? (8 constant) (4) P= er atcontt ¥ (B) Py = P+ Py + P+. atconstant Vand T or (D) = kTateoosant (€) P = kn (umber of moles a constant Vand 7 52. Ofte following, which isan example of an oxidation reduction reaction? (A) Fat) + Seog) — S06) + Fe%(a0) (B) HCO} (ag) + OFF (aq) + COs? a9) + 000 © P*(oq) + 2F(09) > PERU (©) HOG) + NEY) > NHC (©) Bag) + Mn] (ag) > BaMNOA() N4@) + 31) 2 2H) + beat 53. Which ofthe folowing statements abot therein represented above is te? (A) The forward eation i endoterie, (B) Ag sample of Nala) reacts completely wits 3 gsampleof HG) (© Nig) wil escit ino equal masses of Nee) and Hi) (o) The reactants accopy 2 smaller volume thant prods when measutd the ame temperate ad pressor. (&) The equ cocentaon of ammonia s affected by change in temperate er [G0 ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE > oe® pa ® ‘54, The element carbone he ie onsen ofall of the flowing EXCET (A) coat @ alas i (© diamond () chacont © enpite 55. ACO'C and 1.0 sm, the density of CiHy git ‘sppronimately (A) omg. @ Vos © 13a 25pt. © wet 6. Which of he following onans a wesk organic wd? 9 Vinegar (@) Hycogen peroide (C) Baking soda {D) Freon ©) Ammonia POu(0) + HO > HSPOMa) 57. Whea | mol of PO) ces completely with water produce HPO,(ad) sccosding tothe reaction represented bythe wbalanced equation above, he number of oes of 01) ‘onsuned is (A) | mot @) dma © timat ©) émot © timot 58. Increased randomnes results under which ofthe fellows condions? LAL Lsample of He(g) anda IL sample of Neg) we nixed nn 2 Lack. 1 eee, I GO) reacts with COYe) tfoem e200, tealy @) Mon (© and onty (©) Min Monty © kthasdamt ertaieeeto 9. . 6 6 GsHiall + 8 Oye) > 5CO,) + 64,00 Accorfing tothe blaned equation ove, when 4 mol of O,(e) sex completely with CH, ‘which ofthe folowing ste? (A) Limolof CyB) must ese, @) 2molof Gl) mst eat (©) 3malof HOM) sus be formed. (©) 2 mol of #04) must be formed (8) Smal of COs) mast be formed ‘True statement about wonsion metals include ‘which ofthe following” 1, Most can exit more thn one sable niin te, ‘Theis compounds ar often colored. ‘Their ions have partly led portal (&) Lenly @) Monty (©) Lad only (0) Mand aly © Litwam ‘The molarity of solution X it be determined by tiation pocedre. To cary out his procedure ‘Mfof he feiowing mut be known EXCEPT the (A) equation forthe chemi eesetion that oats during he tration (@) volume of salon X dats wed (©) mat of solion X that ie wed (> volume ofthe skaton tha resets with X (molar ofthe solution tht ects with X The primary emotion tat makes pomble ic hyanen ar os (9) London pen oes {©) steal season © imctenag © yop body | (G0 ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE® Questions 2-65 Ms) + 2H" > Me + His) A set performed an experiment to determine the amount of byeogen gas eeasedin a ection. ‘The sen produced the hydrogen gas by reacting Iyeoelor el anda srip of ages meal [cco fo he equation sbove- A ofthe magnesium neta wat consumed and he hydrogen gas was ‘coleted by dsplacerent of water in an overt foi Thea dan onal be olwig Mass of Mg. 00%, ole of gs calicied over wae -252 mak. Water empertbtno nnn BOC Room tenpertite nn 220°C “Atmosphere presi 7298 an Hg ‘Vapor pressure of water at 22°C... 198 mm Hg 63. What nme of moles of magnesium was used? (9) 58410" wl @ 30x10 mo (© 24x10 nol ©) 14% 107 mol (©) 10% 10 mol (Earencscebee "] (CHEMISTRY TEST—Continued ® (64, Why init xen wo know the water tren in tis expesiment? 1. To fin the vapor pressure of the water 1 To contr the rat of reacon IL, To make sr ht the eacon yes 0 completion (a) Lonly @) Henly () Land tt ony () Wand onty © Utena it 65. The volume ofthe ry hydrogen gst stm an oom tempertise woul be (oy OS2NHBE+ 198) gp (0) 2520-198 gg (© B2BS=1M gp TEAR) as vy (760 —198) © Gssas2)™ [soononanernd >® Hyg) + Fig) > DHF) + 537.605 66.1010 mot of HF) is frmed according tothe 6. 68, reaction represented above, approximately how mocha i evolved? w BE @ 78 © su ©) 1100 © now ‘A chemizalreaton i used 0 separate a mixture nu sept sabstances in which ofthe folowing, (9) Pare wate is obtined from ocean water by ‘evapora the water and condensng it (B) Konblings te seperted fom sind bythe ee of amaget, (©) Konmeta is reduced fom or contsining ‘rol oie. (©) Plant pigments in a solo are separated by thewe of paper chromatography. () Sundin obainnd fom a sand-sapa ixtore Tyadding wae to dsaive the ga fa compound hasan empiial formala of (Cy anda molar mass of 10 p0,which of. the fliowing is mot kel to be its molecular fom? oR, Cal © Cah OCH, © Cie coer eat ® PCIyig) + enecgy Z PCIY(@) + Cle) 68. The system above sat equilibrium in closed container Which ofthe following wold increase ‘heamouataf PCI, inthe stern? (A) Decreasing the presse ofthe syste at ‘constant temperate (8) Lowering the teperatr at constant presse (©) Aiding a cays () Adding tome CI,() tothe reaction vessel, (© Removing some PCI.) from he reaction vessel 70. Which ofthe fotiowing ems pve a qstiave rather thane qbantatve deseiton of the oncetation of solution? (A) Molality (@) Mass pecenage © Ditwe () Mole fraction (©) Molaity STOP, IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIMES CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST ONLY. ‘DO NOTTURN TO ANY OTHER TEST IN THIS BOOK,Chemistry How to Score the SAT Subject Test in Chemistry en aaa Sb tin Gem srt bee tyyacanaligmagping that wil sor your responsesto eich question. Then a computer Sai ent anawes with Soret ners and produce your raw sate. You et one pont foreach correct abbwer For each wrong answer you lose one-fourth of a eB a eae esta yor reticent SE a eS Sad tira epee > youre hag ou se Worksheet 1. Finding Your Raw Test Score STEP 1: Teble A lists the correct answers for all the questions on the Subject Test {in Chemistry that is reproduced in this book. It also serves as a worksheet for you to calculate your raw score. + Compare your answers with those given inthe table. + Pata checkin the column marked “Right” if your answer i correct. «Pata checkin the cokamn marked "Wrong ifyour answer is incorrect. + Leave both columns blank ifyou omitted the question STEP 2: Count the numberof right answers. Enter the total here: STEP 3: Count the number of wrong answers. Enter the total ere: [STEP 4; Multiply the number of wrong answers by 250 Enter the product here: STEP 6: Subtract the result obtained in Step 4 from the total you obtained in Step 2 Enter the result ere: STEP 6: Round the number obtained in Step 5 to the nearest whole number Enter the result here: ‘The number you obtained in Step 6 is your raw score.“The Official Study Oulde for Al SAT Subject Tests Bsa 89 6 2 @ » * % a 6 A @ 2 | Table Aco o et a 2 u s 8 a 7 n © “ 8 © 51 « s a 2 7 were Zaegeslesec ale s| seenalscee alse 1 v 3 “ 8 3 ” 1 8 a 7 2 a 2" 5 % a ~ a EA a 2 so"ile cotiad fom profou age | oc 2 2 we | 8 se 5 a | oc 3 x so |e n a” s | A @ a nm] 6 a @ jo | o jm |e a jw | oa a | ov | use 6 [ow | oF ae om | ow B | je for so jw |e = | is_| uice | | Tse crags ed nan ay ote anaes fa repent age of 5 tet ‘ho tuk he oni fa th enn November 202 td whose mean soe wa 398 They maybe sed 4 csr gusto ach percep may ao be edt predic he ‘Chemis ania wane to une cory ne Trlatntn ftv aay ihatnod taped SAT Suter Te ‘liveth tat‘The OfSical Study Gulde for AU SAT Subject Tests —————— Finding Your Scaled Score ‘When you take SAT Subject Tests, the scores sent othe colleges you specify are reported ‘on the College Board scale, which ranges from 200-800, You can convert your practice test score toa scaled score by using Table B. To find your scaled score, locate your raw score in the lef-hand column of Table B; the corresponding score ia the right-hand column is your scaled score. For example raw score of 39 on ths particular edition of the Subject Test in Chemistry corresponds to a scaled score of $90. [Raw scores are converted to scaled scores 10 ensure that score earned on any one edition of particular Subject Testis comparable to the same scaled score earned on any other edition of the same Subject Test. Because some editions of the tests may be slightly ‘easier or more difficult than others, College Board scaled scores ae adjusted so that they Indicate the same level of performance regardless ofthe edition ofthe tet taken and the ability of the group that takes it. Thus, for example, a score of 400 on one edition of atest taken at a particular administration indicates the same level of achievement as a score of i 400 on a different edition ofthe tes taken ata different administration. ‘When you take the SAT Subject Tests during a national administration, your scores are likely to differ somewhat from the scores you abtain on the tests in this book. People perform at diferent levels at different times for reasons unrelated tothe tests themselves. « ‘The precision of any text is alzo limited because it represents only a sample ofall the possible questions that could be asked.—— reple 8 cl afm] a | oo 2 | a | s fam | o | ao ov | a | ze fo | «| mo |u| @ | o [m| 6 | ms | m | Se |e] ae] a] = fm | a | oo 7 | a | a |m| 2] = 6 | « n | mf fom | s | we | mn [m|o | 14 | 2 Bp pe pf mn lao] oe fom 2 | om mn jm] a fom 1 | om mz jm |x | mo | oo ul 0 B 570 4 360 Ho] see fe e [ml] s | m ja] om) e jm] 2 | || oo a [mlx | = | | 20 «| m| x | se | s | a « | mo | a | so | 2 | s | m|-2 | = | | 30 e fm | | = mn o {mis | » Ea oa] a = s fe | 2 | so = 8 680 nD 00 a) s |w | on | @ = sm |» | om = S| # ae a ne fecstief as beat fap ™. se foa [om | m a= x |w | «| m mm s [a | os | « me a |w|« | «‘The Octal Study Guide for All SAT Subject Tests How Did You Do on the Subject Test in Chemistry? ; After you soe your test and analyze your performance, think abd the fllowing Did you run out of time before reaching the ond of the test? If so, you may need to pace yourself better. For example, maybe you spent too much time ‘on one or two hard questions. A better approach might be to skip the ones you can't answer righ: away and try answering all the questions that remain on the test. Then if theres time, go back to the questions you skipped. Did you take a long time reading the directions? ‘You will save time when you take the test by learning the directons tothe Subject Test {in Chemistry ahead of time. Each minute you spend reading directions during the testis minute that you could use to answer questions How did you handle questions you were unsure of? I you were ble to eliminate one or more of the answer choices as wrong and guess from the remaining ones, your approach probably worked to your acvantage. On the other hand, making haphazard guesses or omitting questions withaut trying to eliminate choles could cost you valuable point. How difficult were the questions for you compared with other students ‘who took the test? Table A shows you how difficult the multiple-choice queitions were for the group of, students who took this test during its national administration. The right-hand column ives the percentage of students that answered each question corscty. A question enswered correctly by almost everyone in the group is obviously an easier ‘question. Fo: example, 79 percent of the students answered question 10 correctly. But ‘only 40 percant answered question 23 correctly ‘Keep in min that these percentages are based on just one group of students. They would probably be different with another group of students taking the test. [Ifyou missed several east questions, go back and try to find out why: Dil the questions cover material you haven't yet reviewed? Did you misunderstand the directions?