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Abstract
In recent years Rate control is an Mobile device, particularly PDA
important issue in video streaming (Personal Digital Assistant), is mainly
applications for both wired and wireless used for receiving video streaming from
networks. A newly accepted method its server and many new wireless phones
which is TCP friendly is a function of are available in market which can work
packet loss rate, round trip time, and on wireless for accessing VoD. In order
maximum transfer unit. This new to have continuous video stream buffer
approach is known as TFRC. In wireless is used. Buffer is properly dimensioned
network typically, the sending rate at the as when the congestion occurs it does
server is faster than the playback rate at not affect the receiver. If the dimension
of the wirelss device. Therefore it is not of buffer increases very high it increases
possible for the receiver to receive at the the cost, so it should be of proper
speed which transmitter is sending even dimension.
when there is no congestion and with the
lowest BER. In this paper we will try to To have continuous video available of
obtain effective rate control scheme wireless device continuous monitoring
using a buffer level at a mobile device. of the network is necessary in order to
In experiment it is considered that the avoid congestion collapse. A widely
buffer at a mobile device distinguished popular TCP friendly scheme is
into three distinct states depending on its available. This new approach is known
level (occupancy). For each of these as TFRC i.e TCP friendly rate control. It
states a different rate control scheme is is a function of packet loss rate, round
considered in a formula. Since the trip time, and Maximum transfer unit.
sending rate increases as the inter-packet TFRC can then take into account only
delay (IPD) at the sender decreases, by those packet losses caused by congestion
changing IPD to control the rate with its when adjusting streaming rate. The main
state. Experiment was carried out on a a advantage of TFRC is that there is only
prototype which is considered as wired- small rate fluctuation, which is very
cum wireless. useful for wireless device. When a
mobile client receives video stream
1. INTRODUCTION from its server, the server will send data
rate at higher speed while a mobile client
In recent years it has been observed a will receive it slowly. Therefore, even if
great change in the wireless. People there is no congestion and happens
started using PDA and expecting to extremely low BER (bit error
watch and to enjoy every video that they rate) over wireless, the mobile client
can surf on internet. In a typical VoD can’t receive streaming video as fast as
(Video on Demand) application, a mobile client is sending. The second
1
concern is that a status of the mobile wireless channel error or due to the
device can be determined as the level congestion. In another research by
(occupancy) of the buffer. For instance Minghua chen and Avideh Zakhor
if the buffer level is less than minimum shows that one TFRC connection leads
level, the device stays in the state is to the underutilization of he wireless
considered as underflow. Which bandwidth. Therefore in order to fully
shows that sending rate is too low. If the utilize the multiple simultaneous
buffer level is quite larger than some connections are necessary. The major
specified value, it considered as advantage for this is it does not require
overflow. In order to prevent buffer to any new modification in the existing
overflow relatively low processing network infrastructure and protocols
inside a mobile device by considering except at the application layer. Other
that sending rates are not too aggressive. advantage is that it fully utilize the
wireless bandwidth, taking nmber of
2. Related Works connections and packet size are selected
appropriately.
Padhye et al proposed the model for
steady state throughput for TCP flow, as
a function of packet loss rate and round 3. A buffer controlled adaptive
trip time. video streaming
2
remains in buffer. When the buffer level In a case where the data production rate
is 7 it is equal to overflow. is higher the consumption rate which
results in overflow. That means some
packets may be lost or dropped. The
larger the buffer size, the longer the
consumption rate.
Where 10.7sec is the sending rate and In an application layer, an inter packet
1.56 is the consumption rate. delay (IPD) refers to the time interval
between the transmission of two
The minimum buffer level required at successive packets by the same host. The
the client to prevent underflow can be sending rate is T increases as IPD
approximately expressed by decreases. Chose IPD in range of 1ms
and 20ms. Theoretically, IPD is chosen
judiciously by considering network
parameters, such as rtt, the buffer size
In case when ther is no user interaction and the the capacity link.
the the rate utilized is kept constant. In
addition, the minimum level is pre 4 Performance Evaluations
determined and remains constant
In that case, when the buffer level can be 4.1 Experiment Setup
affected by the sending rate and on the
other side sending rate is controlled by A topology setup is carried out where
the client buffer. both type of wired and wireless network
is used. First experiment shows that to
3.2 A Classification of the buffer analysis the efficiency of the proposed
states rate control in different error rate
conditions. Second experiment carried
There are three states considered and out to check the sending rate to see
they are underflow, stable and whether it reacts to buffer level changes
underflow. In a case when the sending quickly.
rate is never less than consumption rates
it would not affect. If this condition is
not satisfied than it results in underflow.
3
Fig 5. Comparison result
4.2 Results (buffer size with 16,834 bytes)
5. Conclusion
Reference
4
Unicast Applications”, Proc. ACM
SIGCOMM 2000, pp 43-56
2. Chen, M., Zakhor, A., “Rate Control for
Streaming Video Over Wireless”, IEEE
Wireless Communications, 2005,pp32-41
3. J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, D. Towsley, and J.
Kurpose, “Modeling TCP throughput: A
simple model and its empirical validation”,
ACM SIGCOMM, 1998, pp.303-314
4. Youn-Sik Hong, Hwa-Seok LimA Cost
Effective Rate Control for Streaming Video
Dedicated to Wireless Handheld Devices