Mohammad Soroush

University of Trinidad and Tobago

Petroleum Engineering Unit

 Course Map
Basic Well Logging
Date Activity Assignment Given Week

10-Jan Introductory Lecture 1

Wellbore Environment
Physics of mud-filtrate invasion
17-Jan Anatomy of a Well Log Homework 1 2
Temperature and Caliper logs
24-Jan Gamma Ray Log 3
31-Jan Spontaneous Potential Log Homework 2 4
7-Feb Archie's Equation 5
Resistivity of Rocks
14-Feb Rw from SP Homework 3 6
Resistivity Tools
21-Feb Density Logs Homework 4 7
Neutron logs
28-Feb to 3-Mar? Midterm Exam 1 8
Density Neutron Cross Plots
7-Mar Midterm Exam 1 Review 9
Sonic Logs
Weekend? Visit to Schlumberger
14-Mar Quick Look Analysis Homework 5,6 10
Density /Neutron Cross Plots
Tutorial (IP)
21-Mar Midterm Exam 2 11
Tutorial (IP)
28-Mar Presentations 12
Midterm Exam 2 Review
5-20 April Final Exam

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Sonic Logs
Basic Well-Logging Interpretation
Sequence
 Learning Outcomes
To understand the physical principles behind the
operation of sonic logging tools.
To learn how to interpret sonic logs in terms of
lithology, fluid types and porosity.
To learn how to combine gamma-ray, resistivity,
neutron, bulk density and sonic logs to estimate
lithology, fluid types, and porosity.
To understand the limitations of sonic logs.
 Recommended Reading
Pages 78, 101, and 164 - 175 in Introduction to
Wireline Log Analysis, Baker Hughes Inc.
(2002).
Chapter 10, Sonic Porosity Log, pp 189 205 in
Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation of
Well Logs by Zaki Bassiouni, SPE Textbook
Series Vol. 4 (1994).
Instructional CD: Petrophysics Distance
Learning Module. First Edition, 1989, prepared
by Shell International Exploration and
Production B.V. and Schlumberger
 Application of Sonic Logs
Formation Evaluation
Porosity Evaluation
Lithology determination with other logs
Gas detection
Fractures
Permeability
Overpressure
Cement Bond Logging

Mechanical Property Analysis

Sanding analysis; fracture length; wellbore stability
Geophysical Interpretation
Seismic exploration
 Acoustic Wave Propagation
Compressional Waves
Particle vibration in wave direction
Propagated in solids and fluids

Shear Waves
Particle vibration perpendicular to wave
direction
Propagation in solids
 Sonic Tools and Applications
There are 4 types of Sonic tools
Borehole Compensated Sonic BHC Sonic
Long Spacing Sonic - LSS
Array Sonic
Dipole Sonic
BHC Sonic and LSS which are based on
compressional waves and are used for porosity
and lithology determination and seismic tie-in.
 Principle of Sonic Logging
Transmitter generates a pressure pulse in
the fluid
At the borehole wall compressional and
shear wavefronts are generated which
propagate through the formation
Close to the borehole wall these create
fluid waves which are recorded at the
receiver
 What do sonic Tools Measure?
Formation slowness or interval travel time
The reciprocal of velocity
 Acknowledgements:
Mr. Neal Alleyne
Dr. Carlos Torres-Verdin, UT at Austin
Dr. Jerry Jensen, University of
Calgary
Schlumberger
Halliburton
Baker Atlas

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