FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

BETT2333 SEMESTER 2 SESI 2016/2017

LAB 1: AMPLITUDE MODULATION

1.

NAME OF GROUP
MEMBER(S)& 2.
MATRIX NUMBER(S)

3.

COURSE

DATE

1.
NAME OF INSTRUCTOR(S)
2.

EXAMINERS COMMENT(S) VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS
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1 OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the basic concepts and structures of amplitude modulation

(AM) receiver.
2. To understand the operation theory of diode detection amplitude demodulator.
3. To understand the operation theory of product detection amplitude
demodulator.
4. To understand the operation theory of AM receiver.

1.0 EQUIPMENT

1. Experiment module: Experiment 04 AM Receiver

2. Power supply: +12 volt, -12 volt, GND
3. Equipments: Oscilloscope, function generator
4. 4mm connecting leads x 3 pcs for power source terminal
5. 2mm connecting leads x 6 pcs for test point

2.0 SYNOPSIS& THEORY

Amplitude Modulation, we know that the amplitude modulation signal utilizes the
amplitude of audio signal to modulate high frequency carrier signal. Therefore, when we
receive the amplitude modulation signal, we need to restore the audio signal. Figure 4-1
is the theory diagram of amplitude modulation. Normally detector can be classified as
synchronous detector and asynchronous detector. We will discuss these two types of
detectors in this chapter.

Figure 4-1 Theory diagram of amplitude demodulator.

The block diagram of AM transmitter is shown in Figure 3-1. In Figure 3-1, we

know that the transmitted audio signal is converted to voltage waveform by the
microphone and the frequency range is about 100 Hz to 3 kHz. Then this signal will be
inputted to the audio amplifier, which is used to increase the amplitude of audio signal.
Next, the signal will be sent to the balanced modulator to modulate with the carrier
signal provided by the RF oscillator, which can determine the transmitted frequency of
the transmitter. Then the AM signal will be sent to the power amplifier, and the whole

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signal power be amplified. Finally, the antenna transmits the signal in terms of the
radiation of electric wave. The transmission distance of the transmitter is decided by
the output power of the power amplifier.

Figure 3-1 System block diagram of AM transmitter.

Figure 3-6 shows the circuit diagram of AM transmitter, which is based on the
diagram in Figure 3-1. The AM transmitter in Figure 3-6 consists of the audio
generator, carrier generator, balanced modulator, power amplifier and antenna. The
audio generator produces a sinusoidal audio signal, and then this signal will be
amplified by the one stage amplifier (Ul:B). After that the amplified audio signal is
modulated with the carrier signal in balanced modulator. We can change the amplitude
and frequency of the audio signal by adjusting VR 2 and VR3, respectively, as shown in
Figure 3-6. On the other hand, we can change the audio signal input to microphone
input, by connected the microphone to the input port of the microphone (MIC I/P). The
audio signal of the input modulator can pass through another one stage amplifier
(Ul:A) to amplify the signal, and then the amplitude of the audio signal can be
measured at the output port of the audio signal (Audio O/P).

The carrier generator utilizes crystal oscillator and OP amplifier to generate a 1

MHz sine wave, which provides the carrier signal to the balanced modulator. By using
the balanced modulator, the carrier signal will multiply by the audio signal and the AM
signal can be obtained at pin 6. After that the signal will pass through the power
amplifier, which is comprised by R 23, R24, R26, L2, C13 and Q2. Finally the signal is
amplified and radiated from antenna. Besides, we can control the DC level of the
audio signal by adjusting VR4. The objective is to adjust the modulation index of AM or
select the DSB-SC signal as the signal output. VR 5 is used to control the gain of the
balanced modulator, and at the same time, VR 5 can also control the output power of
AM.

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Figure 3-6 Circuit diagram of the AM transmitter.

3.0 PROCEDURE

MEASUREMENT OF AM SIGNAL WAVEFORMS

Changing the amplitude of audio signal.

1. To implement an AM transmitter as shown in Figure 3-6 or refer

to AM RADIO TRANSMITTER module.

2. Adjust VR2 and VR3, so that the amplitude of the audio signal
(TP4) is 0.5 V (Vp-p =1 V) and 1 kHz sine wave frequency and
record the measured result in Table 1-1 (Input signal waveforms
at TP4).

3. By turning right the VR4 and VR5 to the end, so that the
maximum output power of the transmitter can be obtained.
Then by using oscilloscope observe on the output port of the
transmitter signal (TP10) and record the measured results in
Table 1-1 (Output signal waveforms at TP10).

4. Adjust VR2, so that the amplitude of the audio signals is 1 V and

1.5 V, respectively, maintain the 1kHz sine wave frequency.
Repeat step 2 & 3 and record the measured results in Table 1-1.

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Changing the frequency of audio signal.

1. Adjust VR2 and VR3, so that the amplitude of the audio signal
(TP4) is 1 V (Vp-p = 2V), & 500 Hz sine wave frequency. Record
the measured result in Table 1-2 (Input signal waveforms at
TP4).

2. By turning right the VR4 and VR5 to the end, so that the
maximum output power of the transmitter can be obtained.
Then by using oscilloscope observe on the output port of the
transmitter signal (TP10) and record the measured results in
Table 1-2 (Output signal waveforms at TP10).

3. Adjust VR3 so that the frequency is 1 kHz, 1.5 kHz & maintain
the amplitude 1 V (Vp-p = 2V). Repeat step 2 & 3 and record
the measured results in Table 1-2.

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Audio Output signal waveforms

Signal Input signal waveforms At TP10
Amplit At TP4
udes

0.5 V

1V

1.5 V

Table 1-1 Observe on the variation of the amplitude

modulation signal by changing the amplitude of the audio

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signal.

Audio Input Signal Waveforms

Signal
Output Signal Waveforms
Amplit
udes

500 Hz

1 kHz

1.5
kHz

Table 1-2 Observe on the variation of the amplitude modulation signal by

changing the frequency of the audio signal.

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4.0 DISCUSSION

1. Discuss all the results.

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5.0 CONCLUSION

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