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 [INDEX SUPPLEMENT to the ATHEN^KDM with No. 3026. Jan. 34, 1903

(^ ((-

Ml
THE

ATHEN.EUM
JOURNAL
OF

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC,

AND THE DRAMA.

JULY TO DECEMBER,

1902.

LONDON
PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD FRANCIS. ATHEN^UM PRE88. BREAM'S BUILDINGS. CHANCERY LANE,

PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, E.C.

BY JOHN C. FRANCIS.

SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS AND NP:WSMEN IN TOWN AND COUNTRY.

A0ENT8 FOK SCOTLAND, ME88R8. BELL & BKADFUTE AND MR. JOHN MBNZIE8, EDINBURGH.

MDCCCCII.
 UOPPLEMENT tb iTHBKSOM wltli N. Xm.3m. 24, 103

RP

m
1902
 SUPPLBMBNT to the ATHBN^BUM
LITERATURE.
Reviews.
Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham, Extracts from
the, eil. Kev. Canon Fowler, 123
Act Book of the Ecclesiastical Court of Whalley, 1510-
1538, ed. Cooke, 343
Acts of the Privy Council, Vol. XXV., 122
Adam's Texts to illustrate Elementary Lectures on
(J.)
Greek Philosophy after Aristotle, 317
Adams"s (C. F.) Lee at Appomattox, &c., 223
Adams's (M.) Confessions of a Wife, (')79
Adventures of Don Quixote of La Mancha, 650
Adventures of M. d'Haricot, tr. Clouston, 582
Albanesi's (E. M.) Love and Louisa, "54
Albee's (E.) A History of English Utilitarianism, 676
Alden's (W. L.) Drewitt's Dream, 717
Aldin's (C.) A Sporting Garland, 823
Aldrich's (T. B.) A Sea Turn, &c., 584
Alexander's (Mrs.) Stronger than Love, 2 ^0
Alexander's (L. C.) The Book of Ballynoggen, 703
Alfred the Great, The Life and Times of, by Plummer,
310
Almanacs, Calendars, Diaries, &c., 794
Alpers's The Progress of Xew Zealand in the Century,
412
Amateur Angler's Dove Dale Revisited, &c., 825
Ames's (E ) Wonderful England 720
Amherst Papyri at Dillingtou Hall, Norfolk, by Grenfell
and Hunt, Part II., 281
Ancestor, The, 223, 863
Andersen in German, ed. Rippmann, 852
Anderson's (SirR.) The Bible and Modern Criticism, 788
Andrew's (S. O.) Greek Prose Composition, 217
Anglo- Africander's Africanderism, 380
A nnalist's Musings without ^Method, 756
Annuaire Statistique of France for 1901, 349
Anstey's (F. A Bayard from Bengal, 375
i
Antrobus's C. L.) The Wine of Finvarra, 793
( Queen Victoria, tr. Brooke, 157
Apocrypha Syriaca, ed. Mrs. Lewis, 080
Aristophanes Tlie Knights, ed. Neil The Comedies,
: Bourne's (H. E.)The Teaching of History and Civics, 853
Frogs Ecclesiazusae, ed. Rogers, 55
: Bowen, Edward, a Memoir, by the Rev. the Hon.
Armstrong's (E.) The Emperor Charles V., 543
Armstrong's (F.) A Girl's Loyalty, 792
Arnold, Matthew, by Paul, 273
Arrian Anabasis, Books I. and II., ed. Auden, 217
: Brada's Comme les Autres, 718
Ashley's (R. L.) The American Federal ^tate, 281
Askwith's Introduction to the Thessalonian Epistles,
120
Asoka, the Buddhist Emperor of India, by Smith, 123
Aspects of the Jewish Question, 825
Atherton's (G.) The Conqueror, 87
Austin's (A.) Haunts of Ancient Peace, 550
Avden's (S.) Rolling-Flax, 851
Ayrole^'s (J. B. J.) La Vraie Jeanne d'Arc La Vierge
Guerriere L'Universite de Paris au Temps de Jeanne
d'Arc. 612, 654
Azan's (P.) Annibal dans les Alpe?, 406
Lament of, ed. Heron-Alien, rendered into
Baba Tahir,
English Verse by Brenton, 154
Baltbitt's (F. C) A Grammar of Attic and Ionic Greek,
284
Bagot's (R.) A Roman Mystery, 223; Donna Diana, 647
Baker's (R. S.i Seen in Germany, 348
Baldwin's (J. M.) Fragments in Philosophy and Scienc e,
649
Ball's (F. B.) A History of the County Dublin, Part I.,
153
Ball's (F. K.) The Elements of Greek, 284
Banks's (E. L.) Autobiography of a Newspaper Girl,
484
Banks's (N. H.) Oldfiold, 182
Barfield's (S.) Thatcham, Berks, and its Manor?, ed.
Parker. .374
Barine's (A.) La .Jeunesse de la
'1027-1652), 248
Baring-Gould's (S.) Miss Quillet, 216;
Nebo the Xailer, 446
Barlow's (J.) The Founding of Fortunes, 516
Barr'.^ (R. ) A Prince of Good Fellows, 347
Barrie's (J. M.) The White Bird, 678
Little
Birry'sfJ. A.) Red Lion and Blue Star, &c., 681
Bartle s (A.) " This is my Birthday," .585
Btcke's The Stiange Adventure of James
312
Bedford's (F. D.) The Visit to London, 519
Beeching's (Rev. H. C.) Reiigio Laid, 317; Inns of
Court Sermon.i, 617
Begbie's (H.) The Adventures of Sir John Sparrow,
Bart., 482
Belloc's (H.) Robespierre, 1.50; The Path to Rome, 213
Bellot's (H. H. L.) The Iimer and .Middle Temple, 478
Bennett's (A.) Anna of the ive Towns, 44<j 1"
Benson's (Archbishop) Addresses on the Acts of the
Apostles, 217
Benson's (C. E.) Crag and Hound in Lakeland, 718
Berard's (V.) Questions, Extent ures (1901-1902), 682
with No. 3926, Jan. 24, 1903]
INDEX OF CONTENTS.
JULY TO DECEMBER
Berger's (S.) Lcs Prefaces jointes aux Livres de la Bible
dans les Manuscrits de la Vulgate, 617
Besant's (Sir W.) A Five Years' Tryst, 250; Westminster,
61 ; No Other Way, 481
Betham-Edwards's (M.) East of Paris, 483
Betty's Husband, 408
Bicknell's (E. E.) Praise of the Dog, 857
Biggar's Early Tradiig Companies of New France, 284
Bindloss's (H.) The Concession Hunters, 376
Birch's (W. de G.) A History of Neath Abbej', 186, 226
Bismarck, Prince, Personal Reminiscences of, by Whit-
man, 676
Blake's (B.) A Lady's Honour, 754
Blount, Sir Edward, Memoirs of, ed. Reid, 441
Board of Education Special Reports on Educational
: bridge, by Wright, 681
Subjects, Vols. .X. and XL, ed. Sadler, 853
Boehm's (Sir E. C.) Over the World, 250
Boldrewood's (R.) The Ghost Camp, 648
Bonaparte, L'Avenement de, by Vandal, Vol. I., 651
Book of Proverbs, ed. Miillerand Kautzsch,tr. Alexander,
017
Book of Romance, The, ed. Lang, 584
Book-Prices Current, Vol. XVI., ed. Slater, 756
Books on Egypt and Chaldaea Vol. V., Assyrian Lan-
: Lovett by Lennox. 28
guage, by King, 183; Vols. IX.-XVL, A History of
Egypt, by Budge, 442
Booksellers' Catalogues, 253, 580
! Boothby's (Guy) The Kidnapped President, 312
Bosanquet's (H.) The Strength of tlie People, 512
Bossert's (A.) La Legende Chevaleresque de Tristan et
Iseult Essai de Litterature Comparee, 378
: Description of New France, tr. Shea, 84
Bossuet's She Loved Much, tr. Brooke, 157
Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, ed. Cotterill,
217
Bottome's (P.) Life the Interpreter, 648
Boulger's (D.) Tie Hist' ry of Belgium, Vol. L, 408
Bourchier's (Dr. H.) The Ranee's Rubies, 57
Bourdaloue's The Saint's Example a Memorial of
: Chessou's (Mrs.) Aquamarines, 91
Bourdillon's (P. W.) Through the Gateway, 583
W. E. Bowen, 817
Bowker's (A.) The King Alfred Mil'enary, 310
Eoylan's (G. D.) Kids of Many Colours, 792
Bradley's (G. M.) Merry Mr. Punch, 519
Brenan's A History of the House of Percy, 83
Brentano's (P.) The Origin of the Knowledge of Right
and Wrong, tr. Hague, 846
Brereton's (Capt. F. S.) Under the Spangled Banntr,
649 One of the Fighting Scouts, 719
;
Bridges, Robert, Poetical Works of. Vols, IV. and V.,
646
Biidgman's (C.) The Shopping Day, 720
Broadbent's (H.) The Dew Babies, 720
Brooke's (S. A.) The Poetry of Robert Browning, 617
Brooks's (H. J.) The Elements of Mind, 444
Broughttin's (R ) Lavinia, 679
Brown, Capt. John, of Harper's Ferry, by Newton, 188
Brownell's (C. L The Heart of Japan, 544
)
Brownell's (W. C.) Victorian Prose Masters, 344
Browning's (O.) The History of Europe in Outline, 1814,
48, 409
Brymer's (J.) Two Merry Mariners, 720
Buckley's (R. J.) The Master Spy, 408
Bullock's (T. L.) Progressive Exercises in the Chinese
Written Language, 483
Burgin's (G. B.) A
Wilful Woman, 183
Burke's Peerage, Baronetage, &c., 857
Burnaby's (Rev. S. B.) Elements of the Jewish and
Muhammadan Calendars. 92
Burnet's The French and English Word Book, 222
Burton's (J. B.) The Fate of Valscc, 407
Burton's (T. E Kinancial Crises, 378
Grande Mademoiselle )
Butler-Johnstone's (H. M.) Imperialism, Federation, and
Policy, .30
Brittany, 252;
Byrde's (M.) The Searchers, 87
Cabaton's (A.) Nouvelles Recherches sur les Ghams, 155
Cable's (G. W
) Bylow Hill, 516
Cadett's (H.) The Boy's Book of Battles, 049
Calderon's (G.) The Adventures of Downy V. Green, 721
Calendars Letter-Books of tlie City of liundon
: Letter-
:
Shirvinton, Book D, by Dr. Sharpe Patent Rolls, Edward IIL,
1343-5, by Isaacson State Papers, Foreign, 1577-8,
by 15utler Year-Book of Edward IIL, Year XVII.,
ed. Pike, 121; Close Kolirt, Edward 1 1 1., 1339-41, by
Hinds, 311; Patent R..II-, Henry VI., 1422-29, by
Hughes and Isaacson Closi- liuV.a Henry III.,
1227-31, 315;' Close Rolls, Edward I., 1279 88, by
Stevenson- Patent Rolls, Richard II., i;588 92, by
Morris. 316 Stite Papers relating to .Vii. erica and
;
the West Indies, ed. Fortcsciic, 1<)!)
Cambridge College Hibtories Trinity Hall, by Maiden,
:
92 Caius College, by Venn, 4M4
;
Cambridge L'nivtrBity Calendar for 1902-3, 585
i Campbell's (J. G. D.) tiam,in the Twentieth Century, 754
1902.
Canfield's The College Student and his Problems, 93
Canrobert, Le Man'chal, by Bapst, Vol. II., 280
Carey's (R. X.) The Highway of Fate, 482
Cariing's (J. R.) The Shadow of the Czar, 117
Carman's (B.) Ballads and Lyrics, 01 ; Ode on the Coro-
nation of King Edward, 313
Carnegie's (A.) The I''.mpire of Business, 376
Casanova de Seingalt, Jacques, Memoirs of. 445
Catalogues Catologus van de Pamtletten-Verzameling,
:
by Knuttel. Part IV., 380; Catalogue General des
Antiquites Egyptiennes du Musee de Caire : Coptic
Monuments, by Crum, 615; Fouilles de la Vallee de
Rois, by Daressy, Fasc. I., 016 ; Syriac Manuscripts
preserved in the Library of the University of Cam-
Caulfeild's (A. St. G.) The Temple of the Kings at
Abydos, 615
Caulfeild's (S. F. A.) House Mottoes and Inscriptions,
757
Cawein's (IM.) Kentucky Poem?, 583
Chailley-Bert's (J.) Dix Anneesde Politique Goloniale, 31
Chaillu's (P. du) King Monibo, 584
Chalmers, James, his Autobiography and Letters, by
Chamberlain, Right Hon. Joseph, by Pedder, 222
Chambers's Cyclopadia of English Literature, New
Edition by Patrick, Vol. I., 306
Chambers's "(R. W.) The Maid-at-Arms, 510
Chantepleure's (G) Ames Feminines, 549
Charlevoix's (Rev. P. F. X. de) History and General
Charley's The Holy City, Athens, and Egypt, 311
Chase's (F. H.) The Credibility of the Book of the Acta
of the Apostles, 119
Chaucer's Prologue, Knight's Tale, &c., ed. Ingraham,
851 ; The .Select Chaucer, ed. Robertson, 852
Chesney's (W.) The Branded Prince, 249
Chesterton's (G. K.) Twelve Types, 845
Child's Garden of Verses, A, 158
Chinnock's (Dr. E. .1.) A
Few Notes on Julian, and a
Translation of his Public Letters, 412
Cholmondeley's (M.) iSIoth and Rust, 753
Christmas Bookseller, 794
Church's (Rev. A. J.) Charlemagne and the Twelve
Peers of France, 792
Churton's (William Ralph) Theological Papers and
Sermons, with a Memoir, 448
Cicero Pro Archia, ed. Nail, 217 Select Orations and
: ;
Letters, eil. Greenough and Kittredge, 283 The
;
Correspondence of, ed. Tyrrell and Purser, Vol. VII.
Epistulae, \ol. III., ed. Purser, 479
Clapton's (E ) The Life of St. Luke, 118
Clarke's (II.) The Fairclough Family, 6.50
Claviere's (R. de ISI. la) St. Cajetan, tr. Ely, 449, 488
Cleeve's (L.) 1 he Purple of the Orient, 549
Cleveland's (J.) The Children of Silence, 582
Cobb's (T.) A Man of Sentiment, 447 The Head of the
:
Household, 614 ; The Treasure of Princegate Priory,
792
Cockerell's Bookbinding and tl e Care of Books, 317
Coigny, Aimee de, ]\Ienioires de, ed. Lamy, 286
Coleriilge's (G. and M.) Jan van Elselo, 821
Colonial Government, ed. Dr. R. Ely, 124
Conrads(J.) Youth, 824
Cuntentio Veritatis Essays in Constructive Theology,
:
by Six Oxford Tutors, 53
Continental Literature: Belgium, 7; Bohemia, 8;
Denmark, 9; France, 10; Germany, 13; Greece, 18;
Hollan.l, 19; Hungary, 20; Italy, 21; Poland, 23;
Russia, 24 Spain, 26
;
Conway's (Sir M.) Aconcagua and Tierra del Fucgo, 477
Cook's (W.) The Chess-Player's Compendium, 251
Cooper's (Rev. A. N.) The Tramps of the Walking
Parson, 250
Cooper's (li. H.) George and .Son, .347
Copeland's (W.) The B<iok of the Zoo, 720
Copinger's (W. A.) History of the Parish of Buxhall, in
the County of .Sutl'olk, 314, 4.52,487; Supplement to
Haiti's Rcpertoriuin Biblioj^raphicum, 647
Corkran's (II.) Celebrities and I, 6.S2
Corner's (W.) The Story of the 31th Company (Middle-
sex) Imperial Yeommny, 549
Cox's The Ifnited Kin'.'dom and its Trade, 183
Crawford's (F. .M.) Cecilia. 679
Creighton's (M.) Thoughts on Education, 209; His-
torical Es8;iys and Reviews, ed. L. Creichton, ()43
Crespigny's (.Mrs. P. C. de) Fmrn behind the Arras, 548
Crockett s (S. R.) Flower .f the Corn, 648
Crockett's (Rev. W. S.) The Scott (Jountiy, 5J
Crofton'B(U.T.) A
History of Sircifonl, Vols. Land II,,
Crowley's (A ) Tannh.iiiser, 313
Cuchulain of .Muirtheinne, ed. Lady Gregor-, 146
Cunningham's (W.) Tlio GoH|itl of Work, 75<j
Dalhy's (W ) .\ Modern St. Anthony, 4 17
Dale 8 Principles of English Constitutional History, 220

IV
LITER A TURE.
Reviews foniinued.
Dante's Divina Oomuieilia, tr. Norton, 285
Davidson's The Tcstdiiicnt ofiin Kiiii)ire-15uilJcr, 277
l);ivics'H (.1. ().) VVosterii Australia, 124
Davis's (R. 11.) Gaptnin Macklin, 821
Hidden Manna, 751
Dawson's (A. .1.)
Dawrfons(W. K.) Cliristiiias, its Orij^in, &c., 856
Deanuer's (M.) Tlu' Noisy Years, 792
Debrett's Peerafje, Baronetage, &c., 857
Delhi 1857 Diary, &c., of Col. K. Youhk, ed. Gen.
:
Sir H. W. Norinaii and Mrs. K. Young, ,'Ml
Delitzsch's (V. vou F.) Babel und Bibel, 184
Demolins's (E.) A-t-on Interet h s'emparer du Pouvoir ?
083
Deschamps's (P.) Les P. tits Poussargues, 824
De Wet, Oil the Heels of, 721
De Wet's (C) Three Years' War, 755
Dickens, Charles, his Life, Writings, and Tersonality, by
Kitten, 222
Dictionaries A New English, ed. Murray and Bradley,
;
Vol. Vn., 115; Vol. VIIL, ed. Craigie, 715; English
Dialect, ed Wright, Parts XI. to XIV., 221 Muret-
Sanders Encyclopaedic EngHsh-Gerinan and German-
English, Vols. III. and IV., 222 Knglish and French;
Languages, by James and Mole, 284
Dispatches, &c., relating to the Blockade of Brest,
180;M805, ed. Leyland, Vol. II., 243
Dix's (E. R.) Bjoks printed in Dublin in the Seventeenth
Century, Part III., 342
Dixon's (R. W.) History of the Church of England,
Vols. V. and VI., ed. Dr. Gee, 275
Dobson's (A.) Side-Walk Studies, 511
Documents sur I'Histoire Religieuse et Litteraire du
Moyen Age, Vol. III., ed. Lempp, 822
Dodge's (W. P.) From Squire to Prince, 410
Douglas's (J.) Ode for the Coronation of King Edward
VII., 1)1
Doyle's (Sir C.) The Great Boer War, 549
Drachmann's (H.) Nanna, tr. Browne, 220
Druinmonri's (H.) The Beaufoy Romances, 518
Duff s (A.) The Theology and Ethics of the Hebrews, 282
Hebrew Grammar, 680
Dumas pi^re, Alexandre his Life and Works, by David-
:
son, 305
Dumas's (A.) The Black Tulip, tr. O'Connor, 219
Dunbar's (P. L.) The Jest of Fate, 717
Durand's (Lady) An Autumn Tour in Western Persia,
313
Durel's (P.) La Muse Parlementaire, 158
Dyer's (T. H.) Modern Europe, 14531900, Third Edition,
ed. Hassall, 279
Edge's (K. M.) Ahana, 56
Edgren's (H.) The French and English Word-Book, 222
Edwards, Edward, the chief Pioneer of Municipal
Public Libraries, by Greenwood, 184
Edwards, J. Passmore, Philanthropist, by Burrage, 158
Eeden's The Deeps of Deliverance, tr. Robinson, 680
Egger's (Max) Denys d'Halicarnasse, 373
Elementary Lessons in Cape Dutch, 90
Eliot, Georire, by Stephen, 245
Emanuel's (W.) A Dog Day, pictured by Aldin, G50
Encyclopa5dia Britannica, Vols. II. and III., 211, 290,
321, 414
English Girl in Paris, An, 124
English Men of Letters George Eliot, by Stephen,
: cism. 282
245 ; Matthew Arnold, by Paul, 273 John Ruskin, by
Harrison, 443 Tennyson, by Lyall, 513
;
Englishwoman's Year-Book, The, 857
Erkebiskop Henrik Kalteisens Kopibog, ed. Bugge, 411
Escott-Inman's (H.) he Admiral and I, 719
'!
Escott's Gentlemen of the House of Commons, 611
Ethical Treatises of Berachya, Son of Rabbi Natronai
ha-Nakdan, ed. Gollancz, 309, 486
Euripides The Cyclops, ed. Patterson, 379
:
Everett-Green's (E.) My Lady Joanna, 517; Fallen
Fortunes, 792
Eyles's (F.) Zulu Self-Taught, 90
Examiner, The (Cape Colony), Nos. 1 to 4, 158
Fables and Folk-Tales from an Eastern Forest, collected
and translated by Skeat, 88
Fairbairn's The Philosophy of the Christian Religion,
644
Faithful, 719
Falkiner's Studies in Irish History and Biography, 157
Fanshawe's (H. G.) Delhi, Past and Present, 824
Farjeon's (B. L.) The Mystery of the Royal Mail, 648
Farmer's (J. B.) Brinton Eliot, 447
Farmiloe's (E.) Young George his Life, 720 : round London, &c., 156
Farrer's (Lord) The State in its Relation to Trade, ed
Sir R. Giflfen, 585
Farrow's (G. E.) An A B C of Everyday People,' 720; In
Search of the Wallypugs, 823
Fenn s (G. MThe Peril Finders, 649
) Harrison's (Mrs. B.) A Princess of the Hills, 280
Ferrero's (G.) Militarism, 618
Feuillet's The Romance of a Poor Young Man tr
Harland, 219
Fifty-two Stories of the Brave and True for Girls Fifty-
two Stories for the Littlf Ones, ed. Miles, 823
FiUis's (.J.) Breaking and Riding, tr. Hayes, 251
Finch's (P.) History of Burley-on-the-Hill, Rutland, 147
Findlay's (J. J.) Principles of Class Teaching, 403
Firth s (C. H.) Cromwell's Army, 51, 94
Fitchett's (W. H.) Nelson and his Captains, 856
Flaubert's (G.) Madame Bovary, tr. James, 219
Fleming's (J. S.) Ancient Castles and Mansions of ,Stir-
ling Nobility, 54
Po'.ly's Quest, 851
[SUPPLEMENT
THE ATHEN^UM
Foote's (M. H.) The Desert and the Sown, 280
Forbes'H(Hon. Mrs. W. R. D.) Unofficial, 717
Ford's (W. J.) History of the Cambridge University
Cricket Club, 1820-1901,720
Forster's Life of Dickens, abridged by Gissing, 585
Forster's (R. H.) A Tynedale (Jomcdy, 447
Fowler's (K. T.) Fuel of Fire, 482
Fowler's (II. N.) A History of Ancient Greek Literature,
278
Francis's <M.. E.) The Manor Farm, 753
Frank's ( H.) The Doom of Dogma and the Dawn of Truth,
218
Frascr's (J. F.) The Real Siberia, 210
Frere's (Rev. AV. H.) The Use of Sarum : XL The
Ordinal and Tonal, 316
Fyfc's (11. C.) Submarine Warfare, 188
Gabirol's (S. Ibn) The Improvement of the Moral
Qualities, ed. and tr. by Wise, Vol. I., 483
Ga'rdner's (J.) A History of the English Church in the
Sixteenth Century, 408
Gallon's (Tom) The Mystery of John Peppercorn, 614
Galvayne's (S.) War Horses Present and Future, 123
Garland's (II,) The Captain of the Gray-Horse Troop,
547
;
Garnier's (R.) When Spurs were Gold, 821
Garry, Nicholas, Diary of, 284
Caster's (M.) Hebrew Illustrated Bibles of the Ninth
and Tenth Centuries, &c. History of the Ancient
Synagogue of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews situate
in Bevis Marks, 92
Gee's The Elizabethan Prayer Book and Ornaments,
316
George's (W. G.) Training, 349
Gerard's The Blood Tax, 57 Holy Matrimony, 1,52
;
Giberne's The Rack of this Tough World, 850
Gibson's (W. W.) Uriyn the Harper, &c., 582
Gilchrist's (R. M.) Natives of Milton, 518
Glanville's The Inca's Treasure, 519; The Diamond
Seekers, 650
Godfrey's (B.) The Winding Road, 482
Goldmann's (C. S.) With General French and the Cavalry
in South Africa, 682
Golliwogg's Airship, The, 519
;
Gordon's (Lady Duff) Letters from Egypt, 519
Gordon's (Lord G.) Sporting Reminiscences, ed. Aflalo,
59
Gordon's (H.) Cricket Form at a Glance (1878-1902), 59
Gordon's (J.) Mrs. Clyde, 250
Gorky, Maxim, his Life and Writings, by Dillon, 30
Gorky's (M.) Three of Them Three Men, tr. Home
The Outcasts, &c., tr. Montefiore, Jakowleff, and
Volkhovsky, 680
Gossip, 158
Graham's (R. B. C.) Success, 645
Graham's (T.) Commercial Education, 185
Grahame's (W.) A Child at the Helm, 585
Granville, Dean, Life of, by Rev. R. Granville, 242
Grattan, Henry, by Roxby, 519
Green's (E.) Bibliotheca Somersetensis, 154
Greenidge's (A. H. J.) Roman Public Life, 547
Greenough's (J. B.) Words and their Ways in English
Speech, 53
Greenwood's (J.) The Prisoner in the Dock, 449
Gregorovius's (F.) History of the Citv of Rome in the
Middle Ages, tr. Hamilton. Vol. Vltl., 148
Gregory's (E. C.) An Introduction to Christian Mysti-
;
Gribble's (F.) A Romance of the Tuilerie?, 717
Griffiths's (Major A.) Tales of a Government Official, 250
Guide-Books : Pear-on's Gossipy Guide to Edinburgh
and District London and District The English
Lakes, 1.56; The River Thames from London to
Oxford, by Mitton, 251; Norfolk, by Dutt Brittany,
by Baring-Gould The Story of Chartres, by Head-
lam, 252 The Lake Counties, by Collingwood, 718
;
The English Lakes, by Brabant, 719
Gwvnne's(P.) Marta, 57
Habberton's (J.) Some Boys' Doings, 584 ; The Tiger
and the Insect, 792
Haldane's (R. B.) Education and Empire, 145
Hales's (A., G.) McGlusky, 152
Halevy's (E.) La Jeunesse de Bentham L'Evolution de
la Doctrine Utilitaire de 1789 a 1815, 852
Hall's (O.) Hernando, 850
Halsey's (F. W.) Our Literary Deluge, 480
Hamilton's (A.) Maori Art, Parts III., IV., V., 89
Hannan's (C.) 'The Coachman with Yellow Lace, 851
Barker's (L. A.) A Romance of the Nursery, 794
Harper's (C G.) The Holyhead Road, 86; Cycle Rides
Harper's (Rev. F.) Assyrian and Babylonian Letters,
Part VI., 183
Harper's (J. W.) Christian View of Human Life, 448
Harris's The Annotators of the Codex Bezaj, 348
Harrison's (F.) The Boys of Spartan House School, 792
Harrod's (F.) Mother Earth, 754, 796
Hart's (A. B) Colonial Children, 217; American
History told by Contemporaries, Vol. IV., 280
Hart's (F.) Dolly's Society Book, 720
Hart's (M.) Sacrilege Farm, 851
Harte's (Bret) Condensed Novels, 549
Hartley's (C. G.) Stories of Early British Heroes, 823
Hassall's (A.) The French People, 220
Haultmout's (M.) The Marriage of Laurentia, 754
Haverfield's (E. L. Badnianstow, 717
) Kuypers's (Uom A. B,) The Book of Cerne, 612
Hayden's (E. G-.) From a Thatched Cottage, 616
Hayens's (H.) At the Point of the Sword, 448
Hayward's (C. S.) The Summer Playground, 448
to the ATHENiKUM with No. 39i6, Jan. 24, 1908
July to December 1902
Hazlitt, William, by Birrell, 178; The Collected Works
of,Vols. l.-V,, ed. Waller and Glover, 790
Heidenstam's (V. von) A King and his Campaigners, tr.
Tegnier, 120
Henderson's (C. R.) Introduction to the Study of the
Dependent, Defective, &c.. Classes, 2.52
Hendry's (H.) Merry Mr. Punch, 519
Henham's (E, G,) Scud the Story of a Feud, 88
:
Henry VIIL, by Pollard, 114
Henry's (V,) Elements de .Sanscrit Classique, 482
Ilenson's (Caiioii) Godly Union and Concord, 218
Ilenty's (G. A.) With the British Legion, 649 With ;
Kitchener in the Soudan, 650 ; The Treasure of the
Incas In the Hands of the Cave-Dwellers, 719
Hersey's (H. E.) To Girls, .5.50
Hertz's English Public Opinion after the Restoration,
220
Herwerden 8 (H. van) Lexicon Gnccum Suppletorium et
Dialecticum, 517
Hesitation Sentimentale, 153
Hibbert Journal, The, 485
Hichens's (R.) Felis, 510
Higgin's Spanish Life in Town and Country, 187
Hill's (H.) Tracked Down, 821
Hinkson's (H. A .) Silk and Steel, 791
Historical Records of New South Wales, Vol. VII., ed.
Bladen, 188
Hobbes's (.J. O.) Love and the Soul Hunters, 481
Hobson's (.J. H.) Imperialism, 519
Hodgson's (F. C.) The Early History of Venice, 241
Holmes's (E.) The Triumph of Love, 819
Helton's (M. A.) The Holton Primer, 61
Homer Homeric Society a Sociological Study of the
: :
Iliad and Odyssey, by Keller, 156 Opera, ed. Monro
;
and Allen, 517
Hooper's (F,) Commercial Education, 185
Hope's (A.) 'The Intrusions of Peggy, 581
Hope's (A. R.) All Astray, 792
Here's (P. H.) The History of Dunbrody Abbey, 187
Hoyer's (M. A.) The Friend of Little Children, 720
Host's (E.) The Misdemeanours of Nancy, 793
Hubbard's (E.) Time and Chance, 152
Hugo's (V,) Notre Dame of Paris, tr, Lang, 219; The
Story of the Bold Pecopin, tr. Birrell, 823
Humphreys's (A. L.) A Garland of Love, 651
Humphry's (Mrs.) Etiquette for Every Day, 825
Hutchinson's (H. G.) A Friend of Nelson, 57, 159, 255
Huysmans'8 (J. K.) De Tout, 215
Hyne's (C. J. C.) Thompson's Progress, 581
Iddesleigh's (Earl of) Luck o' Lassendale, 581
Illustrated Catalogue of Books, 1902-3, 794
In a Tuscan Garden, 713
Innes's The Law of Creeds in Scotland, 218
Ireland, Indus'rial and Agricultural, ed. Coyne, 371
Irvine's (R. F.) The Progress of New Zealand in the
Century, 412
Jacberns's (R.) The New Pupil, 650
Jacob's (V.) The Sheep-Stealers, 375
Jacobs's (W. W.) The Lady of the Barge, 681
James's (H.) The Wings of the Dove, 346
James's (H. A.) The Doll-Man's Gift, 650
James's (W.) The Varieties of Religious Experience, 82
Jeanne d'Arc, ed. Murray, 612, 651
Jepson's (E.) The Sentimental Warrior, 581
Jeremias's (A.) The Babylonian Conception of Heaven
and Hell, 183
Jerome's (J, K.) Paul Kelver, 548
Jerrold's (W.) The Reign of King Oberon, 584; The
Autolycus of the Bookstalls, 721
Jessett's (M.) The Hond of Empire, 60
Jewish Encyclopaedia, he. Vol. II., 345
'I
Johns's (Rev. C. H. W.) Assyrian Deeds and Documents
rec irding the Transfer of Property, Vol. III., 183
Johnston's (Sir H,) The Uganda Protectorate, 81
Joline's (A. H,) Meditations of an Autograph Collector,
721
J6nsson's (F.) Den oldnorske og oldislandske Litteraturs
Historic, Vol. II., Parts III.-V., 285
Kamala's Letters to her Husband, 124
Kant, Immanuel, his Life and Doctrine, by Paulsen, tr.
Creighton and Lefevre, 58
Kant's Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics, tr.
Cams, 853
Keary's (C. F.) High Policy, 312 ,
Keating's (G.) Forus Fea>a ar Eirinn, Vol. I., ed.
Comyn, 405
Keith's (L.) A
Pleasant Rogue, 517
Kelly's (Mrs. T,) From the Fleet in the Fifties a His- :
tory of the Crimean War, 93, 127
Kennedy's (E, B,) The Black Police of Queensland, 512
Kennedy's (Sir W.) Sport in the Navy, 550
Kent's (B,) The House Opposite, 791
K'estell's (J. D.) Through Shot and Flame, 755, 826
Kielmansegge's (Count F.) Diary of a Journey to
England in 1761-62, tr. Countess Kielmansegg, 577
King^Horn, ed, Hall-ed, McKnight, 822
King's (M. E,) Christian's Wife, 850
Kingsley's (F. M,) The Needle's Eye, 851
Kipling's (R,) Just So Stories, 447
Kittredge's (G. L.) WorJs and their Ways in English
Speech, 53
Kijnig's (Prof.) Fiinf neue arabische Landschaftnamen
im Alten Testament, 155
Kruger, Paul, Memoirs of, 681
Kuppord's (S.) A Fortune from the Sky, 519
Lady Beatrix and the Forbidden Man, 313
Lake of Palms, The, tr, Dutt, 188
Lampen's (C. D.) The Frozen Treasure, 792 -

SUPPLEMENT to the ATHEN^UM with No. 3936, Jan. 24, 1903)
July to December 1902
Lane's (Mrs. J.) Kitwvk, 703
Lane-Poole"s (S.) Tlie Story of Cairo, 28f.
Lang's (A.)James VI. and the Qowrie Mystery, 750, 82(5,
857 'The Dispntanglers, 75(>
; Mitton's (G. E.) Chelsea. 61
Lang's (J. M.) The Church and its Social Mission, 218
Laurie's (H.) Scottish Philosophy in its National
Development, 11(5
Lavisse. Ernest Histoire de France, Vol.
: I.,
Vol. II., by Suchaire, 300
Lawson's (H!) Children of the Bush, 347
Le Feuvre's (A.) A Daughter of the Sea. fil4
Lees's An English Grammar on Historical Principles,
851
Leibniz's Discourse on Metaphysics, &c., tr. Mont-
gomery, 58
Leighton's (R.) The Boys of Waveney, 510
Lelands (C. G.) Flasius Leaves from the Life of an
: Morris's (.1. E.) The Welsh AVars of Edward I., 275
Immortal, 317
Liddells (M. H.) An Introduction to the Scientific
Study of English Poetry, .")I5
Lieven! Dorothea, Princess, Letters of, ed. Robinson, (i75
Lindsays (II.) The Story of Leah, 482
Lindsay's (M.) Trophet Peter, 88
Lindsey's (J. S.) Problems and Exercises in English
History, Book G, 1GS8-1S32 Certificate Note-Book
European History. 1814-48, 221
Linn's (J. W.) The Second Generation, 57
Linn's (W. A.) The Story of the Mormons from the Date
of their Origin to 1901, 578
Lissagaray's History of the Commune. 340
List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress,
and Works relating to Cartography, ed. Philips, 280
Little Black Quibba, 510
Little's (C.) OutKws, 540
Lobban's The School Anthology, 283
London Topographical Society, Annual Record
ed. Ordish, 222
Lords Spiritual and Temporal in 1734, An Exact List of
the, 585, (121, t;8()
Lounsbury's (T. R.) Shakespeare and Voltaire, 840
Lowerys (W.) The Spanish Settlements within the
Present Limits of the United States, 280
Lowry's (Rev. E. P.) With the Guards' Brigade from
Bloemfontein, 50
Lucas's (E. V.) The Visit to London, 519
Lutzow's (Count) The Story of Prague, 307
Lyall's (D.) Another Man's Money, 650
Lyall's (E.) The Purges Letters, 510
Lvons's (A. N.) Hookev, 183
Mabie's (H. W.) Norse Stories, ed. Bates, 120
Mabinogion, The, tr. Lady C. Guest, 14(J
McCarthy's (J. H.) If I were King, 347
MacGrath's (H.) The Puppet Crown, 312
.Nlacgregor's History of the Clan Gregor, Vol. II., 30
Machray's (R.) The Night Side of London, 188
Mack's (L.) An Australian Girl in London, 755
Mackenzie, Rev. John, S mth African Missionary and
Statesman, Life of, bv his Son, 411
Maclagan's (E. R. D.) Leaver in the Road, 313
Maclean's (N.) Dwellers in the Mist. 681
.NiacLeod's (T.) The Dame of tlie Fine Green Kirtle, 120
MacMahon's (E.) Such as have Erred, 516
McNeills (Capt. M.) In Pursuit of the " Mad " Mullah,
819
Maeterlinck's (M.) Le Temple Enseveli Euglish Trans-
lation by Sutro. 276
Mngnay s (Sir W.) The Man of the Hour, 614
Mahan's (Capt.) Retrospect and Prospect, 681
Maintenon, Madame de, Souvenirs Bur, ed. Comte
d'Haussonville and Ilanotaux. 440
Maiden's (A. N.) The Canonization of St. Osmund. 185
Mallandaine's (C. E.) The Will and Way, 650; Against
the Grain. 702
.Manchester Sessions Notes of Proceedings before Oswald
: Pears's (C ) Mr. Punch's Book for Children, 720
Mosley, ed. Axon, "Vol. I., 372
Mann's (M. E.) In Summer Shade, 380
Mansion's (J. E.) A
First Book of " Free Composition"
in French, 217
March's (E.) Little White Barbara, 6.50
Marchant's (B.) A Brave Little Cousin, kc, 650; The
Secret of the Everglades, 710
.Marchant's (E. C.) KX'ifia^ lIpwDj: a Firt Greek
Reader, 217
Marf,'oliouth'8 (D. S.) Religions of Bible Lands, 617
Marnan's (B ) AFair Freebooter, .548
Marriott's (C.) Love with Honour, 182
Marsh's (R.) The Twickenham Peerage, 270
Marshall's (N. H.) Die Gegenwiirtigen Richtungen der
Religionsphilosoj)bie in England, 8.52
Martinengo-Cesaresco's (Countess) Lombard Studies, 713
Mason's (A. E. W.) The Four Feathers, 647
Mason's (F.) Annals of the Horse-Shoe Club, 251
Mathers's (H.) " Honey," 376
.Mathews's (F. A.) My Lady Peggy goes to Town, 88
M:isiniilian I.. Holy Roman Emperor, by Watson, 220
.Maxwell's (.Sir H.) British .Soldiers in the Field, 710
Mea<Je'8(L. T.) Margaret, 58; Confessions of a C -urt
Milliner. 408
.Meldrum's (D. S.) The Conquest of Charlotte, 182
.Memorials of Old IJuckinghamshire, e'l. Ditchfield, 153
Mengin's (L". L'ltaliedes Rowiantiques, 484
)
.Merejkowski'a (D.) The Forerutmer, .'}12
.Merivale's (H. C.) Bar. Stage, and Platform, 546
Merriinans (H. S.) The Vultures, .375
M..tcalfes (W. C.) Billows and V.trtia. 823
Meyer's L'Histoire de 'juillauine le .Mare:hal, Vol.
.580
Milburn's (G.) A .Study of Modern Anglicanism, 017
Mill's (G.) The Colonel Sahib, 518
8
INDEX OF CONTENTS
REitchell's (W.) The Reminiscences of a Billiard IMaver, lleiTcationsand RtlUctions, '.12
cd. Ilotino, .5;); Cue Tips, ed. II. .tine, 720 Ueeves's (W. P.) State IOx| crinients in Australia and
Mitford's (15.) The Word of the Sorceress, 150 New Zealand, 7.">2
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, cd. Brown,
Molesworth's (Mrs.) Peterkin, 702 Second Series, Vol. III., 40<,(
Monccy, Le Mau'chal, by le Due do Conegliano, 485 Regnier's (G.) La Vie Universitairo dans I'Ancienne
Monroe's (P.) Source-Book of the History of Education Espagne, 1,S7
by Block ; (Greek and Roman Period), 214 Roids(W. M.) The Moh.iwk Valley, 88
Montagu's (L. H.) Broken Stalks. 548 Keinach Brothers' Histoire de 1' Affaire Dreyfus, 704
Montmorency's State Intervention in English Education, Revue des Deux Mondes on the War, (io, 11)2
184 Richard III., cd. Lyde, 217
]\[ordaunt's (E.) The Garden of Contentment, 280 Hichanls's Children's Annual for 1903, cd. Crosland, 448
Morel's (E. D.) Affairs of West Africa, 703 Hichings's (E In Chaucer's Maytime, .H22
)
Morgan's (Ike) Kids of Many Colours, 7;i2 Riis's (J.) The Battle with the Slum, 704
^[orris's (K. P.) On Principles and -Methods in Latin Riley's (J. Whitcomh) Book of Joyous Children, 823
Syntax. 514 Riley's (J. Woodhridge) The Founder of .MornKuiism, 578
Roberta, Earl, The Life and Deeds of, by Cobban, \ o\.
Morrison's (A.) The Hole in the Wall, 407 IV., 2,52
Mnrche's (V. T. ) Object Lessons in (jeography, 217 Roberts's (M.) Immortal Youth, 216; The Way of a
Murray's (C. T.) Mile. Fouichetie, 850 Man, 670
Nason's (F. L.) To the End of the Trail. 348 Robertson's (M.) Kitty Adair, (i48
Naylor's (J. B.) The Sisjn of the Prophet, 347 Robespierre, by Belloc, 150
Neilson's (G.) Huchown of the Awle Ryale, the Allitera- Robinson's (Phil) Bubble an.l S(|ueak, 702
tive I'oet
Sir Hew of Eglintoun and Huchown of the Robiiison's (W.) Personal Life of the Clergy, 610
of
Awie Ryale History in the Romance of Golagro.^ and Romance of an Eastern Prince, 340
(iawayne, 677 Ronaldshay's (Earl of) Sport and Politics under an East-
Neish's (R. ) How to choose a Husband, 857 ern Sky, 405
Neshit's (E.) Five Children and It, 584 Hooper's (T. G.) Educational Studies, kc, 185
Newbolt's The Sailing of the Long-Ships, &c., 810 Rose's (E.) The Rose.Reader, 217 ,
New Editions, Reiitints. &c., 31, (H, 110, 124, 157, 158, Rose's (Le Pere V.) Etudes sur les Evangiles, 119
180, 223, 251, 286, 317, 412, 413, 440, 485, 520, 550, Ross's (H. .1.) Letters from the East, 1837-1857, ed.by his
586, 618, 651,683, 720, 721, 702, 824, 825, 857 Wife, 714
New South Wales, Report of the Department of Public Rossi's (F.) Grammatica Egizia, 615
Works, 618 Rotherham, Archbishop, by Bennett, .306
New Zealand Official Year-Book for 1002, 704 Row-Fogo's The Reform of Social Taxation in England,
for 1000, Nickerson's (Rev. D.) The Origin of Thought, 58 8,55
Nield's (J.) The Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Rowlands's (L. B ) The Passion of Mahael, 182
Tales, 61 Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings, 483
Nisbet's (H.) Wasted Fires, 215, 256, 287 Rulers of India As'oka, the Buddhist Emperor of India,
:
Norris's (W. E.) The Credit of the County, 446 by Smith, 123
Noyce's (F.) England, India, ami Afghanistan, 704 Ruml)old"s(Sir II.) Recollections of a Diplomatist, 650
O'Connor's (T. P.) The Phantom Millions, 223 Ruskin, John, by Harrison, 443
Ollivier's (E.) L' Empire Liberal, Vol. VII., 412 Russell, Rev. John, The Out-of-Door Life of the, by
Oman's (C.) Seven Ri)man Statesmen, 246: A Historyof Davies, 720
the Peninsular War, Vol. I., 1807-0, 609 Saint John Chrysostom, by Puech, tr. Partridge, 210
Onions's (C. T.) Little French Folk, 01 St. Manr's (11.^ Annals of the Seymours, 277
Oppenheim's (E. P.) The Traitors, 614 Sakniann's (Dr. P.) Bernard do Mandeville und die
Opper's (F.) Our Antediluvian Ancestors, 585 Bienenfabel-Controverse, 58
Orlcan's (Prince H. jd') L'Ame du Voyageur, 250 Sangster's (.M. E.) Janet Ward, 679
"
Ostrogorski's (M.) Democracy and the Organization of "
Saunders's Professor Harnack and his Oxford Critics, 282
Political Parties, tr. Clarke. 855 Savage's F.jr a Young Queen s Bright Eyes, 548
O'Sullivan's (V.) A Dissertation upon Second Fiddles, Schoen's (H.) La Mctaphysique de Hermann Lotze, 8.52
120 Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, ed. Henderson,
Otis's (J.) The Life-Savers, 550 847
Ovid The Poems of: Selections, ed. Bain, 8.52
: Scottish Text Society's Publications : Gilbert of the
Owen's (G. L.) Notes on the History and Text of our Uaye's Pro-se ."\Ianuscript, a.i>. 14.5(), Vol. I., ed. Steven-
Early English Bible, 282 son
Catholi': Tractates of the Sixteenth Century
Oxenham's (J.) Under the Iron Flail, 679 (1573-1600), ed. Law The New Testament in Scots,
Oxley's (,J. MacD.) L'llasa at Last, 340 by Nisbet, c. 1520. ed. Law, Vol. I. Livy's History
Palestine, Topographical and Physical Map of, compiled of Rome the First Five Books, by Belleuden, ed.
:
by Bartholomew, ed. Smith, 02 Craigie, Vol. I., 20, 64
Palmer's (G. H.) The Field of Ethics, 58 Seaman's Borrowed Plumes, 549
(O.)
Palmer's (W. T.) Lake Countrv Rambles, 718 Sedgwick's iS. N.) Petronilla, kc, 120
Pardoner's Prologue, The, and" Tale, ed. Koch, 373 Sellon'8(E. M.) Only a Kitten, 6,50
Parker's (Sir G.) Donovan Pasha, &c., 584 Sense's (P. C.) A Critical and Historical Enquiry into
Parnell's (R.) Baby .lane's Mission, 448 the Origin of the Third Gospel, 118
Paston's (G.) Sidelights on the Georgian Period, 848 Serao's The Conquest of Rome, English Translation, 680
Paterson's (A.) The King's Agent, 701 Sergeant's (A.) The Work of Oliver Byrd, 61 1 ; Barbara's
Pathrick's Day Hunt, A, 823 Money, 216
Paton's (B Early History of Syria and Palestine, 282
)
Serjeantson's (Rev. R. M.) A History of the Church of
Pattillos (T. R.) Moose Hunting, &c., in Canada, 58 All Saints, Northampton, 178
Pavne, John, The Poetical Works of, 716 Sessions's (H.) Two Years with Remount Commissions,
Payne's (W.) On Fortune's Road, 519 756
Seton's (C.) An Amateur Providence, 718
Pears 's (M. (3.) West Country .Songs, 583 Shadwell's (A.) Drink, Temperance, and Legislation,
Peck's (S. .M.) ,\labama Sketches, 121 720
Penrose's (H. H.) Chubby a Nuisance, 650
:
Shannon's (W. F.) Jim Twelves, 61
Peppin's (T. S.) The Story of the Sword, 514 Sharp's (K.) The Other Boy, .584
Perry's (W. C.) Sancta Paula, 440 Sliarpe's The Student s Handbook to the P.sahns, 617
Peters's (Dr. C.) The Eldorado of the Ancients, 788 Sheridan's Plays, first pi inted from his .MSS., ed. Frascr
Petite Bibliotheque de la Famille, 702 Rae, 222
Petrie's (W. M. F.) Abydos, P..rt I., 615 Sherlock's (C. R.) Your Uncle Lew, 407
Phillpotts's (E.) The River, 4fJ7 Shiel's (M. P.) The Weir.l o' It, .8.50
Picturesque Surrey, Sketches by Moul, Letterpress by Short Notices, 31, 61, !I3, 124, 158, 22.3, 2.53. 28<j, 317.
Thompson, \f)!} 340, 380, 413, 449, 485, 520, 551, 580, 618, 651, 721.
Plato Plato, by Ritchie, 122; Platonis Res Publica, ed.
: 757, 825
Burnet, 12.?; The Republic, ed. Campbell, 317 Shuck's (Prof. II.) Medi;eval Stories, tr. Harvey, 791
Plutarch Tho Religi.^n of, by (Jaksmith, 1.57
:
Si.lgwick's (.Mrs. A.) The Thousand Kugeni.is. 703
Poe, Edgar Allan, The Complete Works of. Vols. I.-V., Si.Jgwick's (11.) Philosophy, its Scope, ic, 170
820 Silberrad's (U. L The Success of .Mark Wyii(;ate. 4S1
)
Pogsoii's (A.) Germany and its Trade, 8.56 Siins's (d. R.) Hiographs of Babylon, 250 ; Living
Pollard's (E. F.) The Last of the Clittords, 792 L.>ndon, Vol. II., 4.H.5
Pope Leo .'^CIII., Poems, Chaiades, inscriptions of, Sitwell's (Sir (J.) Old Country Life in the Seventeenth
English Translation and Notes by Htnry, 570 ('eiitury, 616
Popham's (K.) The lloii-.ewives of Kdenrise, 701 Skene's (W. K.) The Highlanders of Scotland, cd. Mac-
Potter's (.M. H.| Istar of Habvlon, r>.S2 bain, 2K6
Praed's (Mrs. C.) My Australian Girlhood, .349 Skrine's (J. H.) Pastor Agnoruin, 440
Properiius, cd. Phillimore, 1.57 .Sla.len's London and its Leaders, 189
Psalms, The Bo.ik of, ed. Kirkpatrick, 219 Smith, Thomas Assheton, by Sir J. FiardleyWilmot,
Publications of the S.P.C.K,, 4iy 720
Publishers' Circular, Christmas, 1902, 794 Smith's (K. H.) The Fortunes of Oliver Horn, !>81
Q.'s The White Wolf, &c.. .58;} Siiiilirs (H. A.) The Tliirteon Colonies, 2H0
Queen Victoria, a Bioi^raphy, by Lee, SI Smith'* (P.) I'arluiment, I'lmt and Present, 222
Ramsey's (.M. M.) A .S|iaiiisli (iramniar, H.'(2 Sinith'n (S My Lile-Work, 7.'7
)
Raven-Hill's (L.) Our BatUlion, 2.02 .Snider's .Social' I iititutions in tlieir ()ri;;iM. kc, 619
III., Rawn. ley's (Canon) A Rambler's Note-Book at the Snow's (A. H.) The Adminitttnition of Dcpcndencisa,
English Lakes, 718 (;s2
Records of the Company of Hostmen'of Newcastle-upon- Sophocles The Elektra, cd. Bayfield, .379
:
Sparroy's Persian Children of the Royal Familyv, 313
Tyne, Extract* from the, 'MH
 [BUPPLEMENT to the ATHENAEUM with No. 3926, Jan. 24, 1903

VI THE ATHEN^UM July to December 1902

Warren's (H.) A Bee among the Bankers, 378 '
Heroica ' of Philostrattts, 320, 859
LITERATURE. Washington's (B. T.) Up from Slavery, 117 Historical Manuscripts Commission : The Stuart Papers,
Reviews- cmdimied- Watanna's (0.) The Wooing of Wistaria, 821 Vol. I., 351 The Hatfield Papers, 381 ; Some Local
;

Speight's First Book

The Song und Story, 01
: Waterhouse's (E.) A Little Book of Life and Death, 93 Records, 5.52
Spender's (A. E.) Two Winters in Norway, 28.^ Watson's (E. H. L.) Hints to Young Authors, 018 '
History of the Parish Church of Buxhall,' 4.52, 487
Spiller's (G.) The Mind of Man, (548 Watts-Dunton's (T.) Alwyn, Illustrated Edition, 050 Hohenzollern Candidature, 290, 321, 414, 488
Spink's (II. H.) The Gunpowder Plot and Lord Mount- Weil's (Commandant) Le Prince Eugene et Murat, House of Douglas, The,' 2.54
'

1813-14, Voli>. II.-V., 1.57 " Housel of Earth, The," 95

eagle's Letter, 408
Stables's (Dr. G.l In the Great White Land, 823 Wells's (II. G.) The Sea Lady, 249 Imprimerie Nationale, The, 190
Stacpoole's (H. de V.) The Lady-Killer, ,370 Wendt's (Dr. H. H.) The Gospel according to St. John, Intercessory Services at St. Paul's, 31
Standing's (P. C.) Cricket of To-day and Yesterday, .50 tr. Lunimis, 119 International Congress of the Pre=8, 159
Stavanger Domkapitels I'rotokol, 1571-1630, Vol. II., ed. Wesley's (,Tohn)'Journal, abridged by Parker, 380 Irish Service-Book, An Early, 053
Brandrud, 411 West's (C.) Aspirations a Story of To-day, 857
: Johnson's (Lionel) Poems, 827
Stawell's (M.) About Fairies and other Facts, 448 Westall's (W.) The Sacred Crescents, 048 '
Journal des Savants, The, 287 '

Steele's (F. M.) The Convents of Great Britain, 18.5 Weyman's (S.) In Kings' Byways, .583 'Junior English Grammar, A,' 319
Stephen's (Sir L.) English Thought in the Eighteenth Wheatley's (H. B.) How to Make an Index, 184 Kestell's Through Shot and Flame,' 820
'

Century, 585 Studies of a Biographer, Vols. III. and

;
Whishaw's (F.) The Diamond of Evil, 88 Lamb and the Utilitarians The Confessions of a :
'

IV., 749 Whitaker & Sons' The Reference Catalogue, 286 Drunkard,' 225
Stephens, Brunton, The Poetical Works of, 222 Whitaker's Almanack Peerage, 857 Landor, Walter Savage, Bibliography of, 64
Stephenson's (N.) The Beautiful Mrs. Moulton, 582 White's (E.) The Eveshams, 87 "Leader Scott," 723
Steuart's (J. A.) A
Son of Gad, 311 White's (P.) The New Christians, 152 Library Association, The, 41.3, 452
Stoker's (Bram) The Mystery of the Sea, 210 White's (R.) Backsheesh, 014 Livre d'Heures of the Duke of Clarence s Mother-in
Stokoe's (Dr.) With Napoleon at St. Helena, tr. Miss Whitechurche's (V. L.) The Course of Justice, 822 Law, 95
Stokoe, 380 Whitman, Walt, The Complete Writings of, Vols. I.-V., London Library Catalogue, 02
" Lonelich, Henry, the Skinner,'' 587
Story's Swiss Life in Town and Country, 150 820
Strannik's (I.) La Statue Ensevelie, 701 Who's Who, 8.57 Lowe, Sir Hudsoti, 795
Strathcona, Lord, tlie Story of his Life, by Willson, 123 The Diary of a Goose Girl, 31
Wiggin's (K. D.) Marriage of the Duke of Clarence with Violante Visconti,
Street's (G. S.) A Book of Essays, 00; The Views of an Wilamowitz-Moellendorff's (U. von) Griechisches Lese- 318
Angry Man, 550 buch, 283 Miltoniana, 722
Student8 Handbook to the University Colleges of Cam- Wilkinson's (J. R.) A Johannine Document in the ' Modern English Biography,'
224
bridge, corrected to June 30, 1902, 585 First Chapter of St. Luke's Gospel, 118 Moreau, Hegesippe, 020
Suau's (P.) L'Inde Tamoule, 314 Williams's (G.) Hushed Up, 519 '
Morte Arthure,' The Viscount of Rome in, 052 Three ;

Sunday Afternoon, 720 Williams's (M.) The Late Returning, 87 Dates in, 758
Sutherland's (M.) The Winds of the World, 518 Williamson's (W.) A
Junior English Grammar, 216, 319 New English Academy, 256, 318
Sykes's (Major P. M.) Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, Willson's (B.) The New America, 787 Old Persians, Marriage and Burial Ceremonies of, 95
113 Wilmot-Buxton's (E. M.) Makers of Europe, 284 " Papal Bull, A," 452
Syrett's (N.) A
School Year, 792 Wilson-Barrett's (A.) A Soldier's Love, 312 ' Pistill of Susan, The,' 254

Tacitus Onomasticon Taciteum, by Fabia, 517

:
Wilson's (A. E.) A
Speckled Bird, 516 Plagiarism, A
Case of, 32, 94
Taine, H., sa Vie et sa Correspondance, Vol. I., 180 ; Life Winter's (J. S.) A
Blaze of Glory, 57 Uncle Charles, ; Points at Issue between Henry II. and Becket, 191
and Letters of, tr. Devonshire, 380 548 Publishing Season, 254, 289, 319, 351, 383, 415, 453, 487,
Tales by Three Brothers, 793 Wister's (0.) The Virginian, 182 522
Tarkington's (B.) The Two Vanrevels, 791 Withrow's (W. H.) Religious Progress in the Century, " Pulque," Etymology of, 587
Temple Bible, The, 245 448 Pyle, Edmund, D.D., 1703-77, 125. 159, 190
Temple's (Kight Hon. Sir R.) Progress of India, Japan, Wodehouse's (P. G.) The Pothunters, 519 Sales, 32, 90, 128, 159, 191, 587, 589, 053, 685, 723, 759,
and China in the Century, 177 Woolley's (E. C.) The Reconstruction of Georgia, 281 796. 827, 861
Tennant's (F. R.) The Origin and Propagation of Sin, World's Greatest Short Stories, ed. Cody, 251 Samoan Sacred Animals, 125
404 World's Work, The, 721 Shakspeare a Seventeenth-Century Allusion, 191
:

Tennyson, by Sir A. Lyall Works, 513 Wright's (A.) Parliament, Past and Present, 222 Sigurd Cycle, The, and Britain, 521, 551, 587, 758
Texts and Studies, Vol. VII. No. 3, Codex 1 of the Gos- Writers' Year-Book, The, 157 Stevens's (B. F.) Catalogue Index,' 021, 652
'

pels and its Allies, by Lake, 348 Year-Books of the Reign of Edward Swift'- Political Tracts, 610
III. Year XVIL,
Thackeray's (W. M.) Our Annual Execution Word A ed. and tr. by Pike, 121
:

'This World is but a Vanity,' 288

on our Annuals, 794 Tilsit, The Mystery of, 414
" That Game of Golf," &c., 823
Yorke's (C.) A Memory Incarnate, 447
Yoxall's (J. H.) The Rommany Stone, 376 Tolstoy, Unpublished Letters from, 451
Thiselton-Dyer's Royalty in All Ages, 519 Yule's Book, I ., 050 Veterum Monumenta Virorum, 795
Thomas, Unjah Rees, his Life and Work, by D. M. 'Wasted Fires,' 256, 287
Thomas, Ci8
Zuai Folk-Tales, recorded and tr. by Cashing, 89
Obituaries.
Thomas's (E.) Horas Solitariiu, 285 Poetry.
Thomas's (M.) Denmark, Past and Present, 484 Acton, Lord, 32. Angus, Rev. Dr., 319. Bailey. P. J.,
Thompson's (R. C.) On Traces of an Indefinite Article Father Christmas in Famine Street, by T. Watts- 350, 488. Baxter, Mrs. S. T,, 084, 723. Bielschowski,
in Assyrian, 184 Dunton, 820 A., 589. Boyd, Sir T., 290. Brisson, J., 022. Brown,
Thomson's (B.) Savage Island, 250 Here 's a Health unto His Majesty, by the Author of G. D., 323. Butler, Mr., 352. Canterbury, Arch-
Thomson's (C. L.) The First Book Song and Story, 01
:
Father O'Flyun,' 125
'
bishop of, 800. Chincholle, C, 291. Croad, Mr., 352.
Tinayre's (M.) La Maison du Peche, 015, 054 Nature, The Return to, by Mary Duclaux, 287 Davis, Col. J., 05. Desjardins, G., 488. Dunant, Dr.
Tolstoy, his Life and Work, by Keiiworthy, 309 Sappho, After the New Berlin Fragment of, by W. R. E., 322. Footman, Canon, 828. Frati, Dr., 161,
Tolstoy's (L.) The Death of Ivan Ilyitch, &c., tr. Garnett, Paton, 413 Henty, G. A., 083. Hertslet, Sir E., 192. Hiller,
680 Tristan's Song, by A. Symons, 318 E., 724. Hughes, H. P., 080. Johnson, L.. 488, 521.
Tomlin's (J. H.) Some of Ourselves, 251 Klasen, Dr. F., 700. Kugelmann, J., 488. Klirschner,
Original Papers.
Tovey's (T>.0.) Poems, 583 J., 227. Lansel, H., 488. Latey, J., 451. Laurie,
Townshend's (D.) A Lost Leader, 049 Agincourt " Chaplain," The, 254 Mrs. W., 829. Lewenthtl, S., 488. Lucius, Prof.
Tracy's (L.) The Wooing of Esther Gray, 517 Americana, Sale of, 32 E., 829. Luthardt, Dr. C. E., 523. MacdonnelJ,
Traice's (E. C.) Three Scottish Heroines, 792 Beaver Hat, A, 587 Canon, 352. Mackay, Dr. A., 790. Maulde, M. A. R.
Treherne's (P.) Miss Chesterton's Decision, 407 Bellenden's Scots Translation of Livy, 64 de, 192. Muhlfeld, L., 700. Negri, G., 227. Norris,
Trevor's (P.) Rugby Union Football, 720 Bengal, 1756-7, 685 F., 588. Oechelhiiuser, Dr. W., 523. Patterson,
Turberville's (W.) The Saxon Saga, &c., 583 Berachyah the Fabulist, The English Domicile of, 480, Mr., 795. Paul, Kegan, 125, 129. Planta P. K.von,
Turley's (C.) Godfrey Martin, Schoolboy, 791 827 418. Rawlinson, Canon G., 486. Reinholdt, A. von,
Twain's (Mark) A
Double-barrelled Detective Story, '
Big Words " and " Boasting," 552, 587, 723, 796 97. Schneider, Dr. K., 455. Schwicker, Dr., 97.
152 Blind 8 (Mathilde) Madame Roland,' 351
'
Searle, Rev. C. E., 100. Stanton, Mrs. E. C, 021.
Tweedale's (V.) The Honeycomb of Life, 347 Bodleian Tercentenary Festival, 520 Stephens, J. B., 226. Stern, Dr. J,, 861. Strada,
Tynan's (K.) A
King's Woman, 182 Love of Sisters, ; Book Sales of 1902, 858 J., 100. Sutherland, A ., 480. Targe, R. A., 129.
547 Branch-Breaking and the Priest of Nemi, 758 Vadnay, K.. 220. Valeri, A., 418. Warnery, Prof.
Typical English Churchmen, ed. Collins, 449 British Branch of the International Society of Francis- H., 554. Willmore, F. W., 323. Winchester, Dean
Unique's Modern Warfare, 794 can Studies, 827 of, 860. Withers, Prof. H. L., 826. Zola, E., 450,
Udana, The, tr. Strong, 482 Chatham and the Capture of Havana in 1702, 03 459, 460, 488, 495.
University College, London, Calendar, 1902-3, 585 Chaucer: Plowman's Tale, The,' 02 The Grave of. 189,
'
; Gossip.
Upper Norwood Athenieum, Record of the, 1901-2, 825 288, 552 'Knight's Tale,' 084 A New Word, 722
; ;
Parliamentary Papers, 34, 65, 97, 129, 161, 192, 227, 256,
Valling's (H.) By Dulverconibe Water, 510 Clare's (John) Library, 04
291, 323, 352, 385, 418, 455, 488, 523, 554, 589, 622,
Velten's (Dr. C.) Safari zu Wasuaheli (Reiseschilderungen " Commando," 723
654, 087, 724, 700, 829, 861. Official List of Civil
in Suahelisprache)
Reiseschilderungen derSuaheli, 90 Congress of Orientalists, 322, 350, 381 Pensions for the Year, 05. Booksellers' Provident
Viljoen's (General B.) My Reminiscences of the Anglo- Coronation of Edward VII. and Alexandra, 224 Institution, 129, 290, 417. 553, 724, 829,801. Centenary
Boer War, 755 Cosmo III. de Medicis, afterwards Grand Duke of of the Birth of Victor Hugo, 250. British Museum :
Villari's (L.) Italian Life in Town and Country, 713 Tuscany, in England, 858 Acquisitions, 352. Neuchfitel Society for Historical
Villari's (P.) Le Invasioni Barbaiiche in Italia, tr. L. Cromwell, Robert, 94 Research, 418. International Union of Academies,
Villari, 241 Cromwellian Army, The Disbanding of the, 94 488. London Press Club Dinner. 588. Mr. Voynich's
Villiers's (F.) Pictures of Many Wars, 585 '
Dante, A Vocabulary of the Italian Works of.' 758 Catalogues. 080, 724. Memorial to Blackmore in
Virgil : Georgics, Book IV., ed. Winbolt ^neid, Book "Dantesque," " Dantist," &c., in the 'New English Exeter Cathedral, 724. Scottish Text Society, Annual
III., ed. Tatham, 217 ; JEueid, Books I. to VI., tr. Dictionary,' 191
Meeting, 797. The Early English Text Society, 828.
Ballard, 285 Ellis & Elvey, Messrs., 452
Vizetelly's (E. A.) Bluebeard an Account of : Comorre English Monasteries, An Italian List of, 288
the Cursed and Gilles de Rais, 378 Facts, A Question of, 94, 189
Vocabulaire Etyraologique de la Langue Giccque et Firefly, The, in Italy, 63, 94, 127
Latine, bv Laurent and Hartmann, 518 First Book Printed by Europeans in the Eajt, 288
SCIENCE.
Walker's A Primer of Greek Constitutional History, 217 'Friend of Nelson, A,' 1.59, 255 Revleiafs.
Wall's (W. W.) British Railway Finance, 377 'From the Fleet in the Fifties,' 127 American Sportsman's Library, ed. Whitney Salmon :

Walton's (I.) The Compleat Angler, ed. Dewar, 251

Warden's (P.) A
Hole and Corner Marriage, 407
Gowrie A rms and the Gowrie Conspiracy, 052, 820, 857
Graal, The,' The Translator of 084, 722, 758
and Trout, by Dean Sa^e and others The Deer
'
Family, by T. Roosevelt and others, 192
Warden's (G.) Beyond the Law, 210 " Grass Widow, 225 '
Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard
Warmelo's (D. Van) On Commando, 187 Harrow Panels bearing Sheridan's and Byron's Namts. College, Vol. XXXVIIL, 489
Warren's (Lieut. -General Sir C.) On the Veldt in the 253 Anthropological Institute, Journal ,385
Seventies, 793 Hastings, Warren, The Wife of, 020 Archaiologicai Journal 260
 SUPPLEMENT to the ATHENAEUM with No. 8926, Jan. 24, 1903]

July to December 1902 INDEX OF CONTENTS Vll

Arnott's {S.)Tae B)jk of Climbiu^ Plant j ail Wall Reid's Geology of the Country around Ringwood
Shrubs, 687 Geology of the Country around Southampton, 488 FINE ARTS.
Astronomical Journal, 355 Ridgway's (R ) The Birds of North and Middle
Reviews.
Astronoiuische Nacbrichten, 36, 67, 99, 196, 261, 524, America, Part I., 292
556, 591, 680, 728, 763, 832 Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Annals, Vol. I., 228 Ancestor, The, No. III., 803
Astrophysical Journal, 386 Sandys's (E.) Upland Game Birds, 292 Architectural Review, ed. D. S. MacColl, 199
Austin's (Major H. H.) Among Swamps and Giants in Sharp's (G.) Bird* in the Garden, 385 Art-Worker's (^)uarterly, 120
Equatorial Africa, 829 Sharpe's (R. B.) .A Hand-List of the Genera and Species Avcbury's (Ijord) A Short History of Coins and
Currency, 625
Baker's (R. T.) A Researcb on the Eucalyptus, 862 of Birds, Vol. III., 227
Beckett's (E.) The Book of tbe Strawberry, 523 Smith's (H. G) A Research on the Eucalyptus, 862 ]5aessler's Ancient Peruvian .Art, tr. Keane, Part 1., 196
British Association :President's Address, 353, 386 Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh in Baldry's (A. L.) Modern ]\lural Decoration, 457
British Rainfall, 1901, ed. Mill and others, 292 Angola, &c., ed. Ravenstein, 34 Bouchot's (H.) Un Ancctre dc la Gravure sur Bois, 490
Terton's Lights and Shadows in a Hospital, 418 British School at Athens, The Annual of the, No. VIL
Cambridge Natural History : Vol. X. Mammalia, by Session 19001, 592
Thompson's (Sir H.) The Motor Car, ,5.54
Beddard, 25S Brown's The Fine Arts a Manual, 557, 593
Campbell's A University Text-Book of Botany, 97
Thompson's (L. B.) Who's Who
at the Zoo, 726 :

Turner-Turner's The Giant Fish of Florida, 259 Brownell's (W. C.) French Art. 99
Cape of Good Hope, Report of Astronomer at, for 1901,
131 United Stites Department of Agriculture, Weather Catalogues: Greek Coins of Lydia, by Head, 99. 1,32;
Catalogues Birds' Eggs in the British Museum, Vols. Bureau, Bulletin, 324 Report for 1900-1, .556 Works of Art bequeathed to the British Museum by
:

I. and II., by Gates. 227

;

Ussher's (W. A. E.) The Geology of the Country around ]5aron Rothschild, by Read
Early Christian Anti-
Exeter, with Notes by Teall, 488 quities in the Ikitish Museum, by Dalton. 132 Paint-
Climates and Baths of Great Britain, 291 ;

ings. Statues, &c., in the India Office, by Foster, 1.33

Collections of Natural History made during the Voyage Upland Game
;
Van Dyke's (T. S.) Birds, 292 Vases Peints du Musoe National d'Athones, by
of the Southern Cross, Report on the, 227
Collie's (J. N.) Climbing the Himalaya and other Moun- (J. AV. G.) Ocean to Ocean, 66
Walker's CoUignon and Couve Vases Peints de la Bibliothuque
tain Ranges, 760 West Hendon House Observatory, Publications of the. Nationale, by A. de Ridder, Part I., 355
CoUins's The Hygiene of Schools and Scholars, 418 Part II., 624 Cathedral Handbooks Chichester, by Corlette Amiens,
:

Comptes Rendus, 689 West's Diseases of the Organs of Respiration, 418 by Rev. T. Perkins, 163
White's (W. H.) The Book of Orchids, 523 Collection Wallace, ed. Molinier, Part. I., 387; Part
Cyclopaedia of American Horticulture, by Bailey and
World's History. The, ed. Helmolt Vol. IV., The II., 625
Miller, 194 :

Mediterranean Nations, ,589 Comitede Conservation des Monuments de I'Art Arabs,

Das's (Sarat Chandra) Journey to Lhasa and Central Wythes's (G.) The Book of Vegetables, 523 Fascicule 18, Appendice par M. Her/, Bey, 5,56
Tibet, ed. Rockhill, 725
Young's (C. A.) A Manual of Astronomy, 323
Cust's (L.) A
Description of the Sketchliook of Sir
Denny's (G. A.) The Deep-Level Mines of the Rand Anthony Van Dyck. 1621-27, 67
and their Future Development, 66 Zitters(K. A. von) History of Geology and Palaeontology, Cust's (R. H. H.) The Pavement Masters of Siena, 261
Discovery of the Solomon Islands by Alvaro de Mendafla tr. Ogilvie-Gordon, 130
Derbyshire Archaeological and Xatural History Society,
in 1568, tr. Lord Amherst and Thompson, 34
Journal, Vol. XXIII., 490
Dron's (R. W.) The Coal-Fields of Scotland, 654 Original Papers.
Durer, Albrecht, by Eckenstein, 763
Ellacombe's (Canon) In My Vicarage Garden and Else- Anthropological Notes, 98, 195, 260, 385, 456, 555, 726, Famous Houses of Great Britain, ed. Malan. 863
where, 194 830
Elementary Geometry, 798
Elliott's (J.)
FuUeylove's (J.) The Holy Land, 799
Astronomical Notes, 386, 419
Emerton's Common Spiders of the United States, 455 Discovery of Australia and the Name America, 323 Gainsborough, Thomas, by IMrs. Bell, 99
Encyclopaedia Britannica, First Supplementary Volume, Langbank Crannogs, 455 Garnett's (E.) The Art of Winnifred Matthews, 864
196 Vols. II. and III., 211; Vols. IV. and V.,622
;
Nature Study Exhibition, 195 Giotto, by Perkins, 292
Everitt's (X.) Broadland Sport, 385 Publishing Season, 260, 324, 355, 386, 456 Goodall. Frederick, The Reminiscences of, 131
Flammarion's Annuaire Astronomique Meteorologique Royal Society's West Indies Volcanic Commission, 260; Graham's (A.) Roman Africa, 324

for 1903, 832 Catalogue of Scientific Papers, 624 Hals, Frans, by Davies, 862
Flora of the Liverpool District, ed. Green, 687 Hastings's (G.) Siena, its Architecture. &c., 261
Folk-lore, 555 Societies. Herkomer, Hubert von, by Baldry, 262
Geological Commission of Cape Colony, Annual Report Anthropological Institute bb^ Hogarth, William, by Anstruther, 99
Holt's (R. B.) Rugs, Oriental and Occidental, kc, 163
of the, 1900, 591 Archceological Institute &I 687, 798 ,

Geological Survey of Scotland, Memoirs, 689 Hope's (W. H. St. J.) The Stall-Plates of the Knights of
Aristotelian 1&2 the Order of the Garter. 524
Gibson's Elementary Treatise on the Calculus, 259
Asiatic 087 Huddilston's (.J. H.) Lessons from Greek Pottery, 68
Gilbert, WilUam, of Colchester, by Benham, 354
Groos's (K.) The Play of Man, tr. Baldwin, 256 AstronomicalZo, 687, 831 Jahrbuch der Koniglich Preussischen Eunstsamm-
Harmsworth's (A. C.)'Motors and Motor Driving, 161 Bibliograph ical 590 lungen, 728
Hiorns's (A. H.) Metallography, 590 British Archceological Association 655, 726, 798 Kelman's (J.) The Holy Land. 799
Hoare's Calendar of Flowering Trees and Shrubs, 194 Chemical 6o5, 727 Koiiody's The Art of Walter Crane, 591, 625, 657
Hobley's (C. W.) Ethnological Survey of Eastern Uganda,
Entomological Electioas, 655, 762, 831. Also 524, 555 Landseer, Sir Edwin, by Manson, 99
260
Hodge's (C. F.) Xature Study and Life, 97 Gco^o^i'ca^ Elections, 35, 687, 762, 831
Levertin's (O.) Alexander Roslin Gustaf Lundberg, 763
Little Engravings. Classical and Contemporary: No. I.,
Hulme's (F.) Wild Fruits of the Country Side, 523 Hellenic Aanual [Meeting, 35. Also 656 Albrecht Altdorfer. by Moore Xo. II., William
International Congress of Prehistoric Anthropology and
Archieology, Report, 195
Historical Elections, 35, 727 Blake, by Binyon, 99

Jackson's (B. D.) International Catalogue of Scientific

Institution of Civil Engineers Elections, 762. Also Lundberg, Gustaf, by Levertin, 763
624, 656, 832 MacAlister's (R. A. S.) Studies in Irish Epigraphy,
Literature, 195 Part II., 457
Jekyll's (G.) Roses for English Gardens, 354
Linnean Elections, 35, 688, 762, 831
Menpes's (M.) World Pictures, Text by D. Menpes, 864
Langley's (J. N.) Practical Histology, 194
Mathtmaticcd Annual Meeting Elections, 688. Also
Monkhouse's History and Description of Chinese Porce-
832
L' Anthropologic, 195, 726 lain, 68
Lick Observatory, Bulletin, 261, 324 Meteorological Elections, 831. Also 688
Nicholson's (W.) Twelve Portraits, Second Series, 803
Lodge's (A.) Differential Calculus for Beginners, 797 Microscopical Zb, 590, 762
Long's (W. J.) School of the Woods, 726 Pailiser's (Mrs. B.) History of Lace, ed. Jourdain and
iVuww'sma^ic Elections, 555, 726, 861
Dryden, 163
McConnell's (P.) Elements of Agricultural Geology, 488 PAi^^ofifica^ Dictionary Evening, 656 ; Elections, 831 Practical Art Gallery, ed. Ilirth, 525
Macmillan's (H.) The Poetry of Plants, 687
Maharaja Takhtasingji Observatory, Poona, Report of
Physical-Ol, 656, 727, 799, 861 Rembrandt van Rijn, by Bell Rembrandt, a Critical
the Director, 728 i?oya^ Elections, 762 Essay, by Breal, 228
Major (C.) The Bears of Blue River, 590 Royal Institution EXecixam, 624 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, by Keeling, 387 by Lord R. S. i

Man, 98, 195, .386, 5.55, 831 Oower, 863

Society of Antiquaries l&2,'i'd9> Robinson's (V.) Ancient Furniture. &c., 229
Jlassee's (G.) European Fungus Flora Agaricaceae, 523
:
Society of Biblical Archaeology Q^, 799 Roslin, Alexander, by Levertin, 763
Mawley's (E.) Roses for English Gardens, 354
Mearns's (E. A.) Descriptions of Three Xew Birds from
Society of Engineers Annual Meeting, 799. Also 489, Rouse's (W. H. D.) Greek Votive Offerings, 592
the Southern United States, 292 624, 762 Stein's (M. A.) Preliminary Report on a Journey of
Melbourne Obervatory, Report, 386 Zoological cm, 727, 798 Explorations in Chinese Turkestan, 196
Memoire della Societa degh Spettroscopisti Italiani, 99, Styan's Short History of Sepulchral Cross-Slabs, 524
196, 386, 490, 689 Obituaries. Villa Pr)mpeiana di P. Fannio Sinistore, scoperta prcsio
Meteorological Department of the Government of India,
Abel, Sir P. A., 354. Coxeter, J., 6.56. Deherain, P. P., Boscoreale, by Barnabei, 37
Report for 1901-2, 689
Miall's (L. C.) Injurious and Useful Insects, 455 799. Eulenberg, Dr. H., .524. Fave, H. A. E. A., Ward's Greek Coins and their Parent Cities, 100
Millais's (J. G.) The Xatural History of the British 07. Gladstone, Dr. J. H., 489. Gunn, W., .5!0.
Westlake's (N. H. S.) Outlines of the History of Design
Surface-feeding Ducks, 129 Hautefeuille, P. G., 799. Heldreich, T. von, 387. in Mural I'ainting, Vol. I., .36

Museums Journal, The, ed. Howarth, Vol. I., 590 Heller, Dr., .386. Kowalski, A., ,5.56. Millardet, Whitman's (A.) The Print Collector's Handbook, 419
P. M. A., 832. Powell, Dr. J. W., 419. Roberts-
Xansen's (F.) The Norwegian North Polar Expedition Austen, Sir W. C, 727. Safarik, A., 196. Slopes, Original Papers.
189.3-1896, Vol. IJJ.,66 H., 798. Virchow, Prof., .3.54. Walther Dr. A., 19(5.
Natal Observatory, Report for 1901, 862 Wild, Prof. H. von, .386. Wiltshire, Rev. T., 624. Anatolian Hivc-MarkH, ;'..5f;, .'J'.MJ

Xew Editions, Reprints, &c., 67 Wifllicenufl, Dr. J., 799. Young, Dr. J., 832. Ziegler, Art in Recent I'criodicaU, Contributions to the History
of, 8.32
Oberholser's (H. C.) A Review of the Larks of the Dr. J., 450.
Barbcrini Collection, The, 4.58
Genus Otocoris, 292 COBSlp.
British Arch.-rological As.sociation, .'}89, 420
Observatory, The, 196, 292, 624, 799 Annual Companion
;
Institution of an Order of Merit. .36. Parliamentary Cairo Monuments, The I'rcsiTvation of, 491
for 1903, 799
Papers, 3(;, 07. 9H, 131, 196, 228, 261, 292, 324, 3.55, Crane's (Walter) Earliest Drawing, 025, 057
Pearson's (W. H.) The Hepatic* of the British Isles, 97 4.56, 489, .524, .591. 0.56, 799. Geodetic Survey of Cape Dutuit Collection, The, 19.H
Paris Observatory, Rapport Annuel, 1901, 419 Colony and S'atal, 22H. Conference on Nature Study Gcr.cr, The Kxcnvation of, 4.">M
Paris Society of Anthropology, Bulletins, 19.5, 830 at Cambridge, 1521. Swiss Xaturforschendc Gcsell- "Labyrinth,'' The-, ami the Palace of Kuohhoh, 132
Pigott's (T.) London Birds, &.C., 8(il schaft, Annual Assembly. '.Wi. Inntitution of Civil National Gallery: The .AdminiHtration of the, 105; The
Pike's (O. G.) Hillside, Rock, and Dale, HTA Engineers: Awards of .Medals and Prizes, .524. Royal Carmichacl nc(|ue8t, 458
Pingre's Annales Celestes du Dix-septii-me Siecle 490 Society : Award of Medals, O.Vi. Royal .Society of New Prints, '.Wt
Podmore'g (F.) Modern Spiritualism, 761 Edinburgh Cambridge Philosupliical Society, 763. Oxford Topogrophy, 101
 [BUPPLEMENT to the ATHENiEUM with No. 3928, Jan. 24, 1903

Vlll the: ATHEN^UM July to December 1902

Clapp's (H. A.) Reminiscences of a Dramatic Critic, 231
Operas, Concerts, &o.
FINE ARTS. Clifford's (Mrs. W. K.) A Long Duel, 103
Berg's (Miss M.) Vocal Recital, 027 Deutsche Thalia, Band I., ed. Mayer, 232
Original Papers -roHd/iiiei/. Bispham's (Mr. D.) Recitation of 'Enoch Arden,' 71 Hall's (M.) God's Scourge, 295
Publishing Season, 320, 350, 390 Borwick (Mr. L.) and Tovey's (Mr. D. F.) Pianoforte liarte's (Bret) Sue: a Play, 808
Rome, Notes from, ]<)7, 325, 557 Recital, 803
Brema's (Miss M.) Vocal Recital, 707
Logeman's (H.) ElckerlycEveryman, 295
Royal ArcliH-olofiical Institute, 105
Sales, 38, Bristol Musical Festival, 559 Meilhac et Halovy, Theatre de. Vols. VI. and VII., 108
(ii), 101, 133, 100, 520, (iOO, 730, 7(!0, 802, 833,
804 Broadwood's (Messrs.) Concerts, 059, 730, 803, 865 Peabody's Marlowe, a Drama in Five Acts, 104
Siena Cathedral, 832, 804 Busoni's (Signor) Recital, 730 Pemberton's (T. E.) Sue a Play, 808 :

Society of Anticjuaries, 090, 702, 704, 707
Tarsus and the Vicinity, Exploration in, 704
" Texture " in Plastic Work, 593
Van Eycks, The Flora of the, 593, 704, 800
Butt (Madame C.) and Rumford's (Mr. K.) Concert, Pickering & Chatto's Book-Jjover's Leaflet, No. 131, 000
559 Pougin's Li Comedie Francaise et la Revolution, 866
Cardiff Musical Festival, 526 Segall's (J. B.) Corneille and tlie Spanish Drama, 296
Carrcilo's (Madame) Pianoforte Recital, 803 Shakspeare Marina, a Dramatic Romance by AVilliam
:

Vauxliall Bridge, 729 Clegg's (Mr. D.) Organ Recital, 865 Shakespeare, ed. Wellwood, 3.58; Edinburgh Folio

Exhibitions.
Crystal Palace Peace Festival, 71 ; Concerts, 027, 834
: Edition, ed. Henley Dyce's Glossary to, ed. Little-
dale, 359
Dolmetsch's (Mr. A.) Concert, 091
Artists' Benevolent Institution, Exhibition on Behalf of Dunhill's (Mr.T. F.) Concert, 527 Original Papers.
the, 729
Baillie & Bonner's (Messrs.) Gallery, 492
English Opera, Covent Garden: 'Carmen,' 'Faust,' '
Macbeth Note, A, .359
'

Brook Street Art Gallery, 593 'Pogliacci,' Cavalleria Rusticana,' 293; Maritana,' II
' ' '
Westminster Play, The, 836
Carfax & Co.'s (Messrs.) Gallery, 492, 020, 657 Trovatore,' 'Tannhiiuser,' Lohengrin,' 330 Lily of
'
;
'

Carlton Galleries, 593 Killarney,' 'Siegfried,' 422; 'Tristan,' Rosalba,' 459 '

Theatres.
Continental Gallery, 38, 203 Fiildesy's Violin Recital, 71
Decorative Art at Turin, 492 ^rfeZpAi Sudermann's Heimat,' 328 Camille,' 360 > ' '

Gomez's (Madame A.) Concert, 527 ;

Dowdeswell's (Messrs.) Galleries, 626 'Elizabeth, Queen of England,' 392; Watson and
Guilbert's (Madame Y.) Song Recital, 800
Dutch Gallery, 804 Carson's' Captain Kettle,' 595 Barrett's The Christian '

Early Flemish Art at Bruges, 355, 388 Guildhall School of Music : Concert, 731 ;

King,' 807
Egyptian Antiquities at University College, 09 Hollander's (Miss A.) Concert, 71
Gentleman Do ] 423
Ji90o Dayle's What would '
a '

Pine-Art Society, 38, 558, 593, 730, 766, 864

Kreisler's (Herr) Violin Recital, 834 ylye?ie Burnett's 'A Little Un-Fairy Princess,' 424;
French Gallery, 593 Kruse's (Prof. J.) Beethoven Orchestral Concert, 707
Goupil Gallery, 593 Stayton's Mrs. Willoughby's Kiss,' 500; Mackay and
'

Kubelik's (M.) Violin Recitals, 527, 595 Stephens's '

Brown at Brighton,' 808
Graves & Co.'s (Messrs.) Gallery, 69, 026
Guild of Handicraft, 525 Leighton House Chamber Concerts, 595 Gomedtj Widnell's'Secret and Confidential,' 392 >
Gutekunst's (Mr.) Gallery, 38, 164, 558 London Ballad Concerts, 020 Hamilton's The Wisdom of Folly,' 490, 527 Frith's
'
;

Halkett's (Mr. G. R.) Gallery, 38 Meiningen Orchestra, The, 091, 730 'The Iron Duke,' 528; Takington and Sutherland's
Lowengard's (Mr. ) Gallery, 38 Moore's (Mr. G. F. H.) Pianoforte Recital, 626
'
Monsieur Beaicaire,' 500, 595; Hooton's The Mouse,' '

McLean's (Mr.) Galleries, 38, 594, 690 835

Mendoza's (Messrs.) Galleries, 626 Norfolk and Norwich Musical Festival, 558, 594
Nutter (Miss E.), Lemin (Miss M.), and Betjemann's Gorontt' Under Two Flags,' 328 Beerbohm and Car- ;

Modern Gallery, 525 son's 'The Fly on the Wheel,' 804

New English Art Club, 656 (Mr. G. H.) Recital, 803
Obach's (Messrs.) Galleries, 38, 802 CoJtri Mrs. Humphry Ward's Eleanor,' 627 '

Paderewski's (M.) Pianoforte Recital, 659

Pelham Gallery, 090 Pai's (Te Rangi) Concert, 200 Drurii Lane-' Ben Hur,' 104; Raleigh's 'The Best
Eoyal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, 558 Patti's (Madame A.) Concerts, 102, 731 of Friends,' 423
Royal Society of British Artists, 592 Philhurmonic Concert, 39 Duke of ForA;'s Lennox's The Marriage of Kitty,' '

Shepherd Brothers' (Messrs.) Gallery, 558 Popular Concert, 026, 707 Phillpotts's ' For Love of Prim,' 204; Barrie's The '

Society of Portrait Painters, 089 Promenade Concerts, 293, 320, 3.58, 422 Admirable Crichton, 627 '

Whitechapel Art Gallery, 164 Prout's (Prof.) Edition of The Messiah,' 658
'
GarrickM.. Coquelin's Performances, 4,0, 72, 104
Williams's (Miss) Copies of Velasquez, 100
Ravogli's (Signorina G.) Vocal Recital, 39 Capus's Veine,' 103; ' Les Deux Ecoles,' 136;
'La
Wolverhampton Exhibition, 37 'The Bishop's Move,' Phillpotts's 'A Pair of
Richter Concerts, 626, 658, 691
Woodbury Gallery, 38, 133, 493, 802 Knickerbockers,'' 168 Esmond's Lady Virtue,' My
Rooy's (Herr van) Vocal Recital, 39 ;
'

Rouvi^re's (Mile, de la) Concert, 71 595; Barrington's 'Water Babies,' 868

Obituaries. Royal Academy of Music '
: A
Gentleman on the Road,' Great Queen Street Isleyer
- Forster's Alt-Heidel- '

Antokolsky, M., 101. Beckmann, L., 230.

'
The Moon Slave,' 134; Concert, 806 berg,' 731 Schonthan and Schlicht's ' Im Bunten
;
Bertrand, Royal College of Music Beethoven's 'Fidelio,' 731
A. L. J., 802. Breton, E. A., 700. Cluysenaer, A., : Rock,' 768 Hirschfeld's Die Mutter,' 804 Philippi's
;
'
;

730. Cuming, H. S., 525. Dalziel.G., 198. Faed,J.,558.

Royal Opera, Covent Garden: 'Faust,' 'Lohengrin,' 'Das Grosse Licht,' 836; Sudermann's ' Fritzchen,'
Galofre, B., 230. Gennarelli, Prof. A., 626.
'
Pagliacci,' ' Cavalleria Rusticana,' 39 Manon,' La ;
' '
Laufs's Pension Scholler, 808
'
'
Greil,
Traviata,' 71; Mr. Bunning's 'La Princesse Osra,'
A., 558. Hettner, F., 558. Huguet, V., 203. Jonnard, ir!/wiarA-e< Marshall's There 's Many a Slip,' 295, '

P., 459. Liot, P., 390. Meschtscherski, Prof., 102 Don Giovanni,' Miss Smyth's Der Wald,' 134
;
' '
Jacobs and Rock's The Ghost of Jerry
802. Mes- 296, 628 ;
'

'
Rigoletto,' Close of the Season, 167
dag. T., 230. Muntz, E., 025. Nast, T., 802. Naumann, Bundler,' 328 Miller's A Daughter of Sorrow,' 528;
: '

K., 558. Nettleship, J. T., 320. Otto, K., 526. Pollen, Saint-Satins's (Dr. C.) Concert, 626 Marshall's '
The Unforeseen,' 767
J. H.,795, 801. Rae, G;. 230, 263. Richomme, Sheffield Musical Festival, 459, 493
J., 626. Hi^i 3Iaje.^ty's' The Ballad Monger,' The Red Lamp,' '

Rinkenbach, E., 203. Roggiani, G., 833. Stevenson's (Madame N.) Recital, 527
Schwoiser, 104 ; Hall Caine's The Eternal City,' 495 '

Prof., 390. Seclos, I., 101. Sieniiradzki, H. von, 357. Strauss's (R.) Heldenleben,' 803

'

Stiirtz, L., 199. Tissot, .J., 229. Strong's (Miss S.) Concert, 731 ImjKrial Mrs. Langtry and Mr. Manners's '
The Cross-
Vanaise, G., 133,
199. Vibert, G. J., 167. Vinea, F., 626. Wertheimer, Such's (Mr. P.) Recital, 834 ways,' 804
G., 422. Sunday Concert Society, 595 i^/rewm 'Charles L,' 40; 'The Bells,' 'A Story of
Symphony Concerts, 595, 658, 730 Waterloo,' 40, 104 ; ' Louis XI.,' 104 ; ' The Merchant
Gossip.
of Venice,' 104, 136
Tanner's (G.) Violin Recital, 659
Fall of the Campanile of St. Mark's Annual Report of i?/ric Sutro's '
Carrots,' 732 ; Sheridan's '
Critic,' 804
Wessely String Quartet Concert, 595
the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings '
Othello,' 835
Westminster Orchestral Society Concert, 834
101. Parliamentary Papers, 101, 422. Lord Cheyles-
more s Collection of Prints, 199. Louvre Acquisi-
Windust's (Mr. E.) Violin Recital, 626
:

Prince of Law's ' A Country Mouse,' 104

Wale^i's
:
Worcester Musical Festival, 357, 390 PHhccss's Kremer's The Fatal Wedding,' 296, 424, '

tions, 199, 293, 493, 526, 594. National Gallery in 460, 628
Dublin Acquisitions, 326. British Museum Acquisi-
:
:
Ysaye (M.), Busoni (Signor), and Cleaver's Madame)
tions, 326. National Gallery of Ireland: Acquisitions Recital, 834 Royalty MXss Martindale's 'Sporting Simpson,'
390. Royal Society of British Artists Elections 492 Craven's 'Milky White,' 496; Anstey and Peile's
:

Mr. G. P. Bodley'sNew Window in AVestminster Abbey, Obituaries. '

Lyre and Lancet,' The Workbox,' 660 '

493. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 802. South Bernard, E., 392. Bibl, R., 231. Bilse, B., 135. St. George's Hall Madame Wiehe's Performance, 40
Kensington Museum Acquisitions, 865 Brambach, J.,103. Bruyck, K. de van, 263.
:
Chap- St. /ames's McCarthy's ' If I were King,' 327, 836
pell, T. P., 39. Clarke, Sir C., 294, 328. Fritsch, Shaftesbury AvYisss 'There and Back,' 104, 136;
E. W., 295. Hofmann, H. C, 135. Klughardt, Burnett's' A Little Un-Fairy Princess,' 868
A. F. M., 231. Piutti, C, 72. Raab, T., 40. Simon,
Dr. P., 866. (Swrr-ey Shirley and Conquest's The London Fireman,' '
Stolz, T., 327. Weidenback, J., 72.
MUSIC. White, A. C, 358. Wiillner, Dr., 358, 423. 528
Vaudeville '&d,rr\e'& 'Quality Street,' 423; Espinasse
Reviews. and Leader's Ned Kelly or, the Bushrangers,' 460
'
Gossip. ;

Galloway's (W. J.) The Operatic Problem, 199
Maitland's English Music in the Nineteenth Century,
Wyndham'sMTi. G. C. A. Jonson's 'The Hedonists,'
Interview with Richard Strauss, 136. M. A. Guilmant's
72; 'Betsy,' 137; Jones's 'Chance, the Idol,' 359;
Recitals at the Trocadero, Paris, 200. Coronation '
The Marriage of Kitty,' 596 Ferris and Stuart's ;

New Music, 294 Musical Exhibition at Frankfort-on-the-Maiu, 231. '

The Vanity of Youth,'" 600 ; Prevost's 'The AVay of
New School of Studies for the Pianoforte, ed. ThUmer Dr. J. Parry's 'Maid of Cefn Ydfa at the Grand '
War,' 840
Books I. -XVI., 834 Theatre, CardiflF, 834.
Obituaries.
Pianoforte Music, 865
Sauer's (E.) Meine Welt, 199 Doel, J., 328. Emmanuel, Sigmr G., 264. Grove,
Stradivari, Antonio, his Life and Work F. C, 296. Lowe, R. W., 72. Saker, Miss M., 360.
'h bv
(1644-1737) i
W. H., A. F., and A. E. Hill, 391 <

Streatfeild's (R. A.) The Opera, 834

DRAMA. Gossip.
Studies in Music, by Various Authors, ed. Grey 102
Wagner, Richard, Life of, by Glasenapp, Authorized Reviews. Scudamore's Because I Love You at the Fulham
'

English Version by Ellis, 70

Theatre ' Bound to Win' at the Elephant and Castle
'

Aide's (H.) We are Seven Half-Hours on the Stage,

:
Theatre, 200. Pitt's 'Lady Folly' at the Grand
107
Original Papers. Theatre, Fulham, 296. Sir E. Russell's Lecture on
Aitken's (J. E. M.) Domestic Experiments, &c., 167
Beethoven and Clementi, 134, 200 'The State of Dramatic Criticism,' 360. Fenn's 'A
Coronation Music, 230
Bernardin's (R. M.) La Comedie Italienne en France et Married Woman at the Camberwell Theatre, 732. '

le Theatre de la Foire, 800 Housman's Bethlehem at the London University,

' Messiah,
The,' A
Manuscript of, 659 Brotanek's (R.) Die englischen Maskenspiele, 296 836, 807.
'
'
 -

THE ATHENAEUM r-^. P

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fiATL'KDvV, July 11', marked outsiie * Organiser of Science Special HOOKS. MSS., &c Messrs. HODGSON & CO., Folio, 1003 or l(il Aery high price will be paid f-ir any In choice
condition also for (Juaito Plays prior to
;
1650.-Aliii.iu Juk^.n * uv,
Subjecu." Auctioneers of Books and Literary Property of every description '22t, Great Portland street, London.
Any person apiAy'tng throufrh the post for a Form of Application Libraries and smaller CollecllonH carefully Catalogued and promptly
must enclotrC a stamped and addressed envelope.
Candidates from the country invited to attend the Committee will be
offered f.ir Kale. Packing and Removal arranged for. Valuations made
(or Probate. Ac. Auction Rooms. 115. Chancery Lane. Estab. 1809. HOOKS WANTKD. 2.'.. each offered. Cash
'allowed thiid-class return railway fare to the London terminus, but in or Exchange. <'ur/"n's Pemla. 2 vol. Ivi.' In Mcniorlam.
the eent of a Candidate refusing to take up an appointment no
.tiavelling expenses will r>e allowed. MSS. MESSRS. R. C. BRoWN CO. will be k. First Edition,
work out of lUHcany, IMi,'.
ls.',iJ (ieo .Meicdllb Poem, ISM Hewlett s l-ailh-
Montaigne Ks;s, udor 'lrmn. I

glad RECEIVE MSS. with a view

to Publication. Great to 47.
:)vo B I.sy2-sv nds's Fsays, 2 vi'ls IKi Co..k 1 I ..jhuntlng. IH.ll

FHARMACKUTICAL SOCIETY of GREAT Russell Street, London. ilissey's Drlvclhioush England, Ims.'i Oaiiioiila. Is;;: -hlriei leer
parks. ISr.; - (idl) s \\ ll<i Bed Deer, IMi.' iH-speiale Hi niedies.
liRITAI.V. Illoomsbuty Square. W C. vols lh;i Jarb>on I Old Pans 2 vol Ih;h- Jackson French Court,
PROFESSOR OF CHE.MISTRY. I^HE AUTHORS' AGKNCY.- Established 1879. :i

2 vols, l>*l-Jee Itlehard III,, lsfl2 - Warwieklilre Hunt. 1H37

The Interests of Authors capably renresenled Agreements for SU-venon New A>ali:ll Nights, 2 vols First dlllun !*. Dowell's l

The PROFESSORSHIP of CHEMISTRY In the SCHOOL of PIIAR- Publishing arranged. MSS, placed with Publishers. - leriin and Testl Ta\e 4 vols Ist* Froude >horl Mudle.. INIK 71 I < ol H>o Kealss
.

M.ACY of the al>ove Society is NOW VACANT owing to the anpoint- monlalB on application to Mr A.M. Beai.iiM.S, Paternoslcr Row. Poems, IKI7 Endvinlon, Ihlh lui,iui IIDOh-* OR WALK and WAMH>,
.
I
tnent of Prof. J. .Vorman Collie, F R.S to the Chair of Organic t,he- ,
By farthe largrstand mol valuable Stork In lllrmlngham State anu.
mlslry at Cniver-ity College.
MITCHELL & CO., Agenta for the Sale and III). in Great llooksbops, II and Hi John Bright street. HiinilOKhani.
Applications for ihe appointment are invited, together with not (^ I

more than six TefltimonlU. and siiould be sent to the undersigned on ' ^. Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations loi
or i>ef'ire MONDAY, the l'lt insUnt. Proliate or Purchase. Invetllgations, and Audit of Accounts. Ac. Card l.^OR SALK, ENE.i: SII.VII KPISToL^:
The Professor is required to givp his whole lime to the dutleii of the
Chair, and has charge of all the Lectures and Practical Instruction
of Terms on application. X FAMII.IAIIFJ'. Hlaik Letter, printed by Antony Kolwrgrr.
Fair condition. Heal offkr to K.
MItcbell HosM. I and Z, Snow HIU, Holborn Viaduct. B,0. .Nurembcnc. Itui leather iHiund.
given in the subject diirlng the Session iOct'>t>er to June Inclusive .
Hiao, 4*. Cranleigh Hoad, South Tutlenham. N,
fhe emolument from the stipend and a ccitain percentage of the
fees amounts to a>>out OXi;. per annum "rO INVALIHS. A LIST of MEDICAL MEN ATIIKN.I'M'M PICKSH. -JOHN EDWARD
Further particulars may l>e obtained on appllcailon HECEIVINO RESIDENT PA'llKM^ "enl gratis wlOi
In all parts
RI' HARD
BREMRllKiE, Secretary and Ueglitrar, full particulars Kchools also reeoramenUe
- Medical, *c, Annoclatinn, FRANCIH I'llnlrr of the AtKtiiruui, SnUt and Uunif 4r la ,

prepared to St HM IT KXTIMAIEK for all kinds of HKllK N KW H and

I

*,* PeiKiwl camattiig b'j Candidala trill ctmii'.erel to bt a dn- W Limited i-J. Craven Street, Trafalgar Square C, Telegraphic W ,

Qiialijication. Addreit, Triform, London. ' Telephone No. lOii, Ucriird. PERIODICAL PRIMING, -13 Bream Bulldlns, Cliancerj l.an, B.C.
 THE ATHEN^UM N3897, July 5, 1902
Library of the late Kev. C. WILKINSON {by order of the Engrai'ings.

THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY, MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL

Executors).
M ESSRS. SOTHEBY,
will SELL by
WILKINSON & HODGE
AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
AUI,"TION. at their Galleries,
by Leicester Square. W.C 47. Street. Strand, W.C , on 'THURSDAY, July 10, at 1 o'clock precisely,
NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON.
,

on IHURKDAV, July 17, FRIDAY, July 18, and MONDAY, July in, ENGRAVINGS, Framed and in the Portfolio, comprising a Collection
74, of Engravings by Old Masters, including A. Durer. M. Schonganer,
and Following Day. at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, the
LIHHARV of the late Itev. C. WILKINSON (by order of the Exccutorsj, Lucas van Leyden. W. Hollar, &c.. the Property of a Portraits LADY
comprising a long Series of the Roxburghe I'lub Publications- and Fancy subjects after Sir J. Reynolds. G. Romiiey, R. Cosway, Sir
'T. Lawrence, J. Hoppner. and others, some printcl in Colours Scrap-
Standard and Miscellaneous Books in all Branches of Literature, both
English and Foreign Autograph Letters, &c. Books containing Etchings by Old Masters and a few Oil Paintings,
Drawings, &c.
MONOCHROME COPIES Catalogues of above Sales may be had.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.

BY THE The important and valuable Manuscripts and Collections of

the late JOSEPH JACKSON HOWAKD, Esq., F.S.A., A Portion of the valu/ible Library of Sir DANIEL COOPEIi,
Maltravers Herald Extraordinary. Bart , Warren Tower, Newmarket,
PERMANENT AUTOTYPE CARBON PROCESS MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
AUCTION, at their Galleries,
by Leicester Square, W.C,
47, AUCTION,
will SELL by
their Wellingtoa at House, No. 13,
on 'TUESDAY, July 22, at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, the Street, Strand, W.C, on FRIDAY, July II, at 1 o'clock precisely,
OF PICTURES BY OLD MASTERS important and valuable MANUSCRIPTS and COLLECTIONS ot the a SELECTED PORTION Of the valuable LIBRARY of Sir DANIEL
late JOSEPH JACKSON HOWARD, Esq F.S A., Maltravers Herald
, COOPER, Bart.. Warren 'To^ver, Newmarket, comprising a choice
Kxtraordinary, comprising 'Transcripts of Parish Registers and rare COLLECTION of valuable SPORTING BOOKS with Coloured Plates in
From the principal Collections of Note. Pedigrees MS. Visitations
Drawings of Arms Rubbings from remarkably fine condition, rare Botanical Books, Prints and Drawings of
Brasses Copies of Monumental Insi riptions in all parts of England Golfing and Cricketing Subjects, and Publications of the Kelmscott,
long Series of Notebooks containing Heraldic and Genealogical Memo- Vale, and Doves Presses, including the Kelmscott Chaucer.
randaa few Illuminated Heraldic Manuscri[t3, &c.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Catalogues on receipt of three stamps.

NUMEROUS EXAMPLES OF WORKS BY

Japanese Embroideries. On JULY S.
The Library of the late Capt.
Walberton Park, Sussex.
ARTHUR PRIME, of

MODERN ARTISTS. M R. J. C.
38,
STEVENS
King Stieet,

On 'TUESDAY NEXT,
will OFFER
Covent Garden, London, W.C,
&t half-past 12 o'clock,
at his Rooms, MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. I.^ Wellington
Street. Strand, W
C. on MOND.\Y'. July 14. and 'Two Following Days,
at I o'clock precisely, BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, comprising the
A magnificent COLLECTION of JAPANESE EMBROIDERIES, Property of ROBERTC GIBBS, Esq., including Books with Coloured
Comprising Illustrations Sporting Books-the Writings of Ainsworth, Dickens,
The AUTOTYPE COMPANY'S Processes of Per- Scott, Surtees, &c. Works on Costume Books of Prints, &c the
PALACE WALL HANGINGS, OLD and NEW EROCADES,
;

Property of the Rev. C

FIRTH, of Houghton Rectory, Stockbridge,
manent Photographic Reproduction are exten- ANCIENT and MODERN EMBROIDERIES, including First Editions of the Works of Matthew Arnold, Robert and
Mrs. Browning, S. 'T. Coleridge, Lamb's Elia, First Edition, and other
PRIESTS' ROBES, 'TEMPLE HANGINGS, contemporary Authors; the LIBRARY of the late Capt. ARTHUR
sively employed by the Trustees of the British PRIME, of Walberton Park, Sussex, comprising Defoe's Robinson
SCREENS (in Silks, Velvets, and Gold Leaf),
Museum, the Local Government Board, many of FUKUSAS, LADIES' KIMONOS, CURTAINS, PORTIERES, Crusoe, First Edition Voltaire's Works. ;:G vols.. Presentation Copy,
with Inscription in Verse from David Garrick to Kitty Clive Mrs.
LACQUER WARE, CURIOS, &c. Anne Killigrew's I'oems, First Edition Dallaway and Cartwright's
the Learned Societies, and leading Publishers. On view and morning ol Sale
the day prior 10 to 4
Sussex lioydell's River 'Thames Ben Jonson's Comical Satyre of
Catalogues may he had on application.
Every Man out of his Humor, and other Early Plays Manning and
Copies of Coins, Seals, Medals, MSS., Drawings, Bray's Surrey Whitaker's Richmondsnire Naval and Martial Achieve-
ments of Great Britain Malone's Skakespeare Bacon's Essayes, 1625
Engravings, Art Objects, Microscopic Work, &c. A' Hay Apparatus, very fine Induction Coil, 8 in. to 10 in. R. Ascham's Toxophilns, 1571 Works on Natural History and Botany
Spark, in perfect order. Early Bibles, &c.

Valuable Graduated Circle, Divisions beautifully ruledon gold, May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
suitable for Alta zimuth or Transit J nstrument.
Book Valuable Books and Manuscripts.
Inquiries are invited from those requiring
Photographic and Electrical Apparatus,
Illustrations of the very highest quality. Speci-
S/c,
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
FRIDAY, July 11, at half-pa.t 12 o'clock. will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No 13.
Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C, on MONDAY.
July 28, and Two Following Days,
mens and Estimates submitted. STEVENS OFFER, Rooms, at 1 o'clock precisely, valuable BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, com-
MR. J. C.
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C
will at his
prising the Library of JAMES WARD,
Esq.. of Nottingham, including'
an unique Copy of the hitherto unknown First Edition of Watt's Divine-
,

A very fine Set RON'TGEN RAY APPARATUS. Spark Coil 8 in. to Songs, and other Works by the same Author the Ward Nottingham-
10 in., guaranteed in perfectorder. Autograph a PORTION of the
THE AUTOTYPE FINE -ART GALLERY, GBISLER and other 'TUBES, good as new.
shire
LIBRARY
Manuscripts
of ALEXANDER HOWELL,
Letters,

Literature Books illustrated by Bewick, Cruikshank, Leech Coloured

&c. -,

Esq., comprising Occult

DIVIDED CIRCLE, with Divisions drawn upon gold, beautifully made Panoramic A'iews Ch ip-Hooks Books of Prints and extra-illustratet?
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C. by Troughton & Sims. Book*; and other Properties, including Illuminated Horre and other
Some specially fine Lots of PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS, valuable Liturgical Manuscripts
Lamb's Xing and Queen of Heaits, 1818
LENSES, by Swift, Dallmeyer, and others. Specimens of the Early Presses-Books on Vellum Seventeenth-Cen-
Open Free Daily, 10 to 6. ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. ACCUMULATORS, and ELECTRICAL tury English Literature, comprising the Second Folio Shakespeare?
with tlie rare Smethwick Title-Page- Spenser's Fairie Queene, First
FITTINGS. Edition Milton's Lycidas, First Edition Poems and Paradise Re-
ENGINEERING TOOLS. gained Vaughan's Silex Scintillans Suckling's Fragmenta Aurea-
Some very fine Lots of SEA FISHING TACKLE, Cowley's Poetical Blossoms Cla3n>ata, by H. W.. believed to be unique
and other Early Poetry Sir Joshua Reynolds's Engraved Works,
And many Lots of interesting MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY. 3 vols. Engravings from the Works of Sir Thomas Lawrence-Chinese
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS On view 'Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Sale. Drawings, &c. a rare Sarum Missal, printed at Venice by Hertzog ia
respectfully give notice that they hold the following SALES
will 1494 and a rtne and perfect Copy of the extremely rare Ryall Book^
Catalogues on application.
byArcriON at their Great Rooms. King Street, St. James's Square, printed by Caxton in 1484.
the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely : May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
MODERN PICTURES Typical Collection of Human Skulls.
On MONDAY, July 7, and
Hare and Valuable Sooks^ including the Extensive Modem
DRAWINGS of the late Rev. S. RAMSDEN ROE ana the late
A/TR. C.
J. will SELL by AUCTION,
STEVENS
CHARLES ICIRK, Esq. Library of a Gentleman {recewly deceased)^ removed frcvi
-' -^
On TUESDAY', July l.j, at half-past 12 o'clock. the North of London,
On MONDAY, July 7, a PORTION of the KEELE At his Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. London,
HALL HEIRLOOMS. About a Hundred TYPICAL HUMAN SKULLS, MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C, on
On MONDAY, July 7, ITALIAN MAJOLICA NATIVE WEAPONS, SPEARS, DAGGERS, CARVED PADDLES, and TUESDAY, and Three Following Davs, at I o'clock, RARE ami
Julv 8,
PLATES and DISHES of the SIXTEENTH an! SEVENTEENTH SAVAGE CURIOS of every description. VALUABLE BOOKS, including a fine Copy of the Fourth Folio
CENTURIES, the Property of a GENTLEMAN. Shakespeare and others in Early English and Elizabethan Literature
On view day prior and morning of Sale. Cromwellian Tracts and Pamphlets Gerarde's Herball, 1633 Morant's
On TUESDAY, July 8, OLD ENGLISH SILVER Catalo.gues in course of preparation. History of Essex, 2 vols., and oth' r Topographical Books Lo.'-(5
PLATE, the Property of a LADY, and from other Private Collections. Vernon's Dante. 3 vols, Moore's Alps in 18G4, and other Alpine Books-
Series of the Egypt and Palestine Exploration Fund Publications
On TUESDAY, July 8, ENGRAVINGS of the Important Collection of Typical Human Skulls. Arundel Society's Prints. &c, also the valuable and extensive-
LIHRARY of a GENTLEMAN (recently deceased), comprising the
EARLY ENGLISH SCHOOL.
On WEDNESDAY, July
NAPOLEONIC MEDALS
Property of Mrs. MAYNE also COINS and
and RELICS and
9, a COLLECTION
STUART MEDALS,
MEDALS,
of
the
the Property of
M R. J. C.
at his Rooms,
STEVENS
38, King
will
.Street,
On TUESD.W, July
SELL by AUCTION,
Covent Garden, London,
lo.
Historical Writings of Freeman, Froude, Rawlinson, Hodgkin, Motley.
Mommsen. Ranke, Taine, &c. Fraser's Pausanias, &c., vols, aad
others on Classical Literature, Mythology, and Folk-lore Books od
Oriental Languages, Religion, and Travel First Editions of Walter
J)

a COLLECrOR who is going abroad.

;

An important COLLECTION of about 100 TYPICAL HUMAN SKULLS Pater and J. A. Symonds Books relating to Scotland and Ireland
formed by an Eminent Scientific Man (deceased), Modern Philosophical Writings and Works on Economic Science
On WEDNESDAY, July 9, THURSDAY, July 10. Including specimens of the ancient Egyptian, Greek, Aztec, large Collection of Modern Theological Books, &c.
and FRIDAY, July THIRD and REMAINING PORTION of the
11, the Australian. Negroid, and other races, Maori 'Tattooed Head, dried To be viewed, and Catalogues had.
valuable COLLECTION of PORCELAIN, OBJECTS of ART and Indian Head from Ecuador, &c.
VERTU, and DECORATIVE FURNITURE of the late Mr. W. BOORE. On view day prior and morning of Sale. Valuable Books, including the Select Modern Library
On SATURDAY, July 12, MODERN PICTURES Catalogues in course of preparation. of a Gentleman.
and DRAWINGS of the late JOHN PARNELL, sen., Esq.. the late
R. H. KINNEAIt, Esq., the late W. B. M< GRATH, Esq., and others.
The important Collection of Engravings of the late LEWIS MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will
Chancery Lane, W.C, on
SELL by
AUClTON. at their Rooms, 115,
Engravings, indudhig the Property of the late JOSEPH LOYD, ofiO, Hyde Park Gardens. TUESDAY, July 15, and Three Fnllowing Days, at 1 o'clock, valuable
JACKSON HOWAliD, Esq., F.S.A. MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE BOOKS, including the above Libiary, comprising A'allance's Art ofi
Wm. Morris Fraokau's Colour Prints R. L. Stevenson's Works,
M ESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON

ENGRAVINGS
by AUCTION,at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C,
on THURSD.^Y', July 10, at ten minutes past 1 o'clocli precisely,
of the English School, many in Colours Portraits in
will SELL will SELL by AUCTION, at
their House, No.
Street. Strand, W.C, on MONDAY,
1 o'clock precisely, the important COLLKCTION of
formed about fifty years ago l>y the late
Hyde Park Gardens, comprising Masterpieces
13. Wellington
July 7. and Following Day, at

Mezzotint, Stipple, and Line -Historical, Naval, and Military Subjects
a valuable Collection of early Yachting Prints, Etchings Classical
and Scriptural Prints, &c.
LEWIS
LOY'D, Esq , of 20,
of the principal Line
ENGRAVINGS
Fdinburgh Edition, ;0 vols. Pepys's Diary, by Wheatley. 8 vols..
Large Paper- Lady Jackson's Works. 14 vols. Rawlinson's Seven:
Oriental Monarchies, 6 vols. Pater's W^nrks, 8 vols a Selection front
the Wiitings of Symonds. Tennyson, Lang. Kipling, and other Modern
Writers recent Library Editions of Scott, Dickens. Marryat Browning.
Engravers of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries in t-hoicest Macaulay, Carlyle, Burke, and other standard Authors Issues froni-
Proof states, rare Works by Rembrandt, Diirer, Lucas van Leyden,
the Kelmscott Press Dictionary of National Biography. 03 vols.
and other Old Masters. complete Set of the Folk-lore Society to 1901, &c also Fcnelons- ;

The whole of the Collection is in the finest possible condition. Telemachus, 2 vols., 1785. with many of the plates beautifully coloured
Valuable Books. Ovid, par Banier, vols.- Nash's Mansions, Four Series, and other
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had.
i*

Architectural and Heraldic Works Books of Travel and others ia

MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL General Literature Autographs Bookplates Engravings, &c.
AUCTION, at their Galleries.
by Leicester Square, W.C 47, ,
The Collection of Coins and Medals of the late
on WEDNESDAY', July IG. at ten minutes past I o'clock precisely, Catalogues on application.
a COLLECTION of valuable ROOKS, amongst which will be found
W. N. STEPHENS, Esq.
Aiken's Symptoms of Being Amused, Coloured Plates Costumes of
Yorkshire Carr's Stranger in France Fielding's Tom Jones. 6 vols. MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE Valuable Law Books, including the Library of
{deceased). Office Furniture, &c,
a Barrister
First Edition FitzGerald's Six Dramas of CaldCTon, First Edition will SKLL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C, on 'TUESDAY, July 8. and Following Day, at
AValpole's Royal and Noble Authors Whitakcr's Loidis and Elmete
CrowquiU's Guide to Watering Places- Lamb's Prince Dorus- Egan's 1 o'clock precisely, the COLLECTION of COINS and MEDALS of the
late W. N. STEPHENS. Esq., of Clifton. Bristol
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
Life in London Daniell's Views in the Prince of Wales' Island Early the COLLECTION of ; AUCTION, at their Itooms, 115, Chancerv Lane, W.C, on
Printed Works Tyndale's Obedyence of Chrysten Man Lydgatc's the late JOHN EDMUNDHALLID.AY. Esq., of Warminster, and other TUESDAY. July at 1 o'clock, valuable LAW BOOKS as above,
2:',

Auncient Historre
Rationale Divinorum Otticioruni, 1473 Waller's
Poems. First Edition Hakluyt's ^'oyages Voragine, Legenda Aurea,
1483 Boetius de Consolatiore, Rennes. s d also a SELECTION from;
the LIBRARY of the late JOHN CLARK, including Presentation
Copies of Lamb's Poems and Elia (with Inscriptions), and other Works
a Collection of Shakespeareana {sold by order of the 'Trustees of the
Northampton Public Library) an Early Manuscript of the Messiah in
the handwriting of Handel's Pupil, J. C. Smith, showing important
Variations.
Properties, comprising Greek and Roman Coins, Byzantine Solidi, including the New Law Reports to 1902. the First Series to 1875, and
.^nglo-Saxon and English Coins English Commemorative and War another Series from 185 to 1901 Law Times Reports, complete set
Medals, including rare and unpublished Royalist Bailges interesting Bevan and other Reports in Chancery useful Modern Text -Books-
Waterloo Medal of a Deserter from the 14th Foot unique Silver Medal Mahogany Bookcase Office Furniture, &c.
of the Duke of Gloucester's Loyal Volunteers, 1805 -a fine Set of Four
Catalogues are preparing.
Original Specimens, in Gold, Silver, Bronze, and Gilt, of Alexander
Davison's Medal for the Victory of the Nile, 1708, by H. Kiichler C
Foreign Coins and Medals Patterns and Proofs, &c. Coin Cabinets.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had. For ^lacja=inc$ see p. 43.
 -

N3897, July 5, 1902 THE ATHENAEUM n

A SELECTION from IIEINEMANN'S TRANSLATIONS of FRENCH, (GERMAN, ITALIAN,

Mr.
DANISH, NORWEGIAN, an RUSSIAN LITERATURE. I

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. FICTION.

APOLITICAL
SINCE
HISTORY
Irom French
1S14
CONTEMPORARYEUROPE
OF AKLES SElUNOliOS.
Translated voU demy the ot Cll In 1' Svo, Ills. net.
A CENTURY OF FRJWCII ROMANCE.
Edited by EDMl ND GOSSE.
THE VERSAILLES HISTORICAL SERIES. A LIBUAUY GDI'I'ION, In II' vols
Also Separate Volumes, ;.
demy
M each
Nvo. cloth extra, limited to l.iiJO Rct. 41. 4<. the Set of U' vol>.
hlach Volume conuins a I'liotoitravare and Portrait!.
Tra!i>late*l and An-ansea hy KVrU KUIN K PKE-^t'Orr WOKMELEY. riiE yoi.r.oirixo roLVMKs akf. iiiad}
lilustratetl with nutnerou* rholo:;ravuto lu 18 vols*, demy 8vo.
.

MEMOIRS OF MADAME
MoriEVU.l.E ON ANNE AISIKIA AM)
DE LETTERS
I.KsriN.ASSK
OF MLLE. DE NOTRE-DAME
With AMIUKW
OF PARIS. Victor Hugo. Introduction
Notes on and
(IF lounuer licr Life ^\ l.ANC. Willi M'uluurcd I'liitf^ l.y I.oiiis l..louaid
HEK With
ODl'Kl'. DALE.MIiEU MAK.MON
an Introduction by C.-A. DE Character, by 1', TEL.
SAIN IE BBl'VE GCIHEItr.
In 3 vols.
SAIN rEHEl\
3/. ;i. not. C MADAME BO VARY. Gustave Flaubert '*c
Introduction by
.

E.
and an
In vol
Intidduction
net.
by -.A

OF THE DUG DE
1 -.'l.*.

MEMOIRS HEMIV With CoUmied JAMi;.--. :: Plates l.y Gcoi>;c Jeiiiiiio'.

S.\INr-SlMoN on
the Kcj;ency. Ti-anslated
XIV.
the I'Miies of Louis
and from
.Arranged
THE PRINCE DE LIGNE. His THE ROMANCE OF A POOR YOUNG MAN. Octave
and
the Mttiiioirs. Letters, and .Miscellaneous Papers.
Edition Collated with the Original Manuscript
With RAINTK- Introduction and Preface by C.-A.
bvM.CHEKVEL J vols. 41 net.
HAKLANl). With Mmont l"El II.Li;r. Introduction by I1i;nI(V ,1 Coloured Platei hy C.ullhem.
ItBVVE Madame
4,.-.
STAEL-HOLS and de I'EIN.

THE CORRESPONDENCE
MAIIAME, I'KINIKSS Mother
OF
I'AL^ IINE.
THE LADY OF EDITOK. THE CAMELLIAS. Alexandre Dumas
-
vol*. IJ.v net.

MAKIE ADKI.AIDE HE SAVOIE. DIARY AND

ot the
Keeent; of CORRESPOND-
ENCE OP COIN AXEL KEUSKN, Grand
Ells. Introduction hy the Wltli :l Coloured Plates l.y (.corue .liiiiinlut

M.^DAMR DE
Ducliesse
MAINTESON.in
Hourpopnede ; and of
relation to Saint-Cyr.
SAIN lE-HEVVE.
THE BLACK
I'recerteU TULIP. Alexandre Dumas Pere. Introduc-
Marshal
of S\ve.den. relating to the Court of France In
T

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N3897, July"), 1902
SATURDAY, JULY
CONTENTS.
CoxTixENTAi, Literature :
Belgivm
Bohemia
Desmakk
France
Germany
GREtXE
Holland
HUXGAKY
Italy
Poland
Russia
Spain
Chalmers of Nkw Guinea
Scottish Text Society's Publications
Our Library Table (Maxim Gorky
Federation, and Policy, The Clan Gregor; Diary
of a Goose Girl Irench Colonial
;
prints)
List of New Books
Intercessory Services at St. Paul's; Lord Acton;
A Case of Plagiarism Sale of Americana 3132
;
Literary Gossip
Science Hakluyt Reprints; Societies; Gossip 3436
Fixe Arts Arch.eology The Wolverhampton
;
Exhibition Mr. Lowengard's Gallery ; Sales
; ;
Gossip
Music Opera at Covent Gardein; Final Phil-
harmonic Concert Gossip Performancis
; ;
Nest Week
Drama Goisip
CONTINENTAL LITERATURE,
July, 1901, to July, 1902.
BELGIUM.
Since the energetic initiative of the King
of the Belgians constrained his subjects to
cast their eyes beyond the frontiers of their
small kingdom and inoculated them with
colonial fever, a new literature, devoted to
the Congo and other foreign countries, has
arisen in Belgium.
This year I must mention first in this
class the remarkable volume by Com-
mandant de Gerlache, Quinze Mois dans '
I'Antarctique,' in which he relates with
charm and eloquence the voyage of the
Belgica to the Austral Pole. By the side
of this scientific and entirely disinterested
expedition I must mention the efforts
made to secure commercial and industrial
expansion in China. Under the same title,
'
Un Eeportage Beige en Chine,' two
journalists, M. Victor Collin of the FAoile
Beige and M. C. Tytgat of the XXe
Steele, have related their impressions on the
recent tragic disturbances in the Celestial
Empire. M. C. Buls, formerly burgomaster
of Brussels, is employing his leisure in
travel. He has published a charming
volume, Croquis Siamois,' in which he
has presented an impartial picture of the
situation in the kingdom of Siam, which
may be of use to the English reader. The
Baron de Borchgrave has written an
interesting book, Janina et Kpire.' M. C.
' beginning to make their way in France, in
Lefebure in Mes Ktapesd'Alpinismes has
' '
been able to speak of Switzerland and put
new life into a hackneyed and, one sup-
posed, exhausted subject. M. Cyrille van
Overbergh and Leon Hennebicq have related
the tragi-comic adventures of the Belgian
passengers of the Senegal, who were |)ut
in quarantine under suspicion of plague.
THE AT II
o, igOi. In Psychologie d'une Yille M. Fiorens-
' '
Gevaert, a Belgian critic settled at Paris,
has devoted to Bruges a curious study on
the historic and artistic side. M. Soil has
gathered some interesting notes concerning
7
8
art and archasology in his En Espagne.'
l>
M. Eug. de Holder has studied three of
10 the most original Belgian artists of to-day
13 the Antwerp painter Henri de Brakeleer,
18
the "Walloon sculptor Constantin Meunier,
19
20
and the designer of Namur, Folicien Hops.
21 In the field of literature, pure and simple,
23 the Belgian triumvirate which has mi-
24 grated to Paris retains its supremacy I
2rt
mean Maeterlinck, Lemonnier, and lloden-
28 bach. The last of the three has been taken
29 before his time, but he is still alive for us
; Imperialism, in his drama Le Mirage,' which abounds
'
in hisspecial quality of refined archness.
Politics ; Re-
Camilla Lemonnier is a contrast to him in
30-31
his violence. Brought up at the assizes at
31
Bruges and accused of pornographic ten-
dencies, he has revenged himself by his
novel Les Deux Consciences,' in whichhe con-
' century.
33
fronts a realistic writer with a pious magis-
trate of Bruges. Published first in the
Grande Revue at Paris, this deep- cut record of
3638 passion has been very successful. Another
novel by M. Lemonnier deals also with
Belgium, but rural surroundings. Le
3940 Vent dans les Moulins exhibits the awaken- '
40 ing of the Flemish peasants which is due
to universal suffrage and the birth of the
party of Christian democracy. This book
forms a companion piece to that of M.
Cyril Buysse I noticed last year, Lion
of Flanders,' but in spite of M. Lemonnier's
ability his attractive idyl is perverted be-
cause he does not know the true Flemish
peasant thoroughly.
The last of the trio, M. Maurice Maeter-
linck, a book from whom is a European
event, has published this year Le Temple
Enseveli '; but his especial and exquisite
surprise for us is his superb Italian drama
of the fifteenth century, Monna Vanna.' I
need not speak here at length of two books
which all the world has read or will read.
By the side of this big literature there is
a new and noteworthy literary phenomenon
this year. M. Leopold Conrouble has in-
vented a droll, trivial, passably undistin-
guished kind of writing, which is yet
irresistible in its true observation and comic
force. His Famille Kackebroek,' a novel
'
of Brussels manners, written in decidedly
Belgian French, has passed through four
editions in a few months, although Belgian
books have a very small sale in Belgium.
'
Pauline Platbrood,' by the same author, is
following its predecessor with equal success.
Mile. Marguerite van de Wiele, a noteworthy
writer, favours a more serious and a deeper
style in her novel Fleurs de Civilisation.'
'
Among the works of the young men
notice M. Hermann Dumout's
Bourgeoise and M. Louis Dumont-Wil-
' given every five years. It is already in a
den's Visages de Decadence.'
'
The Belgian poets who write French are
spite of a certain foolish reaction in favour
of home products which has been evident at
Paris. Among the latest volumes of verso
I may cite Le Coffret d'Kb(np,' by M.
'
Vail' re Gille ; 'La Chanson d'Eve,' by M.
Charles van Lerberghe Les Formes
Tumultueuses,' by M. J-imile Verhaeron
and 'Clartes,' by M. Albert Mockel.
;
EN^U M
Oddly enough, one of the most thorough
books on the difiiculty of writing French
well has been produced by a Belgian. Le '
Labeur de la Prose,' by M. Qustave Abel, a
journalist of Ghent, chief editor of the
'
Flandre Libcrale, has attracted much atten-
tion in France. A
Belgian, again, a pro-
: fessor of education, M. Arthur Daxhelet,
has composed a highly original Manuel de '
Litterature Frangaise.' Also, it is an
erudite Belgian, the Vicomte de Spoelberch
de Lovenjoul, who has revived the study of
the great contemporary writers of Franco
; by his patient research among various
letters, archives, and libraries. La Genese '
du Roman de Balzac " Les Paysans " is his '
latest revelation in this way. Certainly
Belgians are beginning to play very varied
parts in the French literature which they pre-
sented formerly with Froissart, Commines,
and many other noteworthy writers, but
which had been closed to them since the
time of the Prince deLigne in the eighteenth
Before the death of Emile de Laveleye
Belgium had also in political economy its
French writer of authority at Paris whose
reputation covered both countries. No
Belgian specialist has risen to take his
' place, though I do not say that we lack
interesting books in his line. M. Louis
Bertrand, the Socialist Deputy of Brussels,
has undertaken a curious Histoire de
'
la Co-operation en Belgique,' a study
of men, ideas, and facts. It is a com-
'
A panion volume to the book of a Socialist of
Ghent, M. Paul de Witte, which I noticed
in 1898, and which dealt with the co-opera-
tion of his party in that centre. I must also
mention as unusually good the works of M.
Louis Varlez, amongst others the book he
has devoted to the first year of the manage-
'
ment of the funds for unemployed work-
men, proposed and arranged by the city of
Ghent. M. Leon Dupriez has examined
' '
L' Organisation du Suffrage Universel en
Belgique,' the working of which is con-
trolled by three ingenious balances the
plural vote, the obligation to vote, and
proportional representation. MIM. Colaert
and E. Henry, in their book La Femme '
Klecteur,' plead for a cause which Socialists
and certain politicians are attempting to
make a success in Belgium. M. Jean Hal-
leux attempts to upset Herbert Spencer
unrelentingly in L'Kvolutionnisiuo
' en
Morale.' His colleague of the University
of Ghent, M. J. J. van Bieroliet, studies, on
the contrary, with the greatest independence,
the most complicated psychological pheno-
mena, such as memory, right and left
handedness, visual illusions, and illusions of
weight.
In 1899 I spoke of the first volume of the
I may admirable '
Histoire de Belgique,' by M.
'
Idylle Pirenne, which won the prize of A, ODD francs
second edition, a rare distinction for a
scholarly Belgian work. Tbo author has
just published the second volume, which
by agreement appeared i)revioubly in a
German translation. It is distinguished by
new and poignant details, and goes as
far as the death of Charles the Bold
at Nancy in 1477. M. A. Gaillnrd has
;
' published a learned Histoire du Conseil
'
do Brabant ' in three volumes. M.
Hocquet, in his monograph Tournai sous

8 THE ATHEN^UM
I'Occupation Anf^laise,' deals with the short
period in which Henry V III. ruled overTour-
nai. MM. V. Chauvin and A. Roersch have
recounted the life and career of a Brabantine
humourist too little known, Nicolas Clonard.
One of the newest and most important books
is that of M. Michel Huisman on La Belgique
Oommerciale sous I'Empereur Charles VI. et
la Compagnie d'Ostende.' This company, of
which Carlyle wrote that it only existed on
paper and never chartered a single ship,
has been studied by the author in Belgian
and foreign archives. He follows each ship
to Guinea, to Hindustan and China, and
shows the jealous opposition of Holland and
England which ended in the suppression of
the company, thanks to the cowardice
of the emperor. To-day we have a con-
trast to him in the King of the Belgians,
encourages his subjects to be keen about
colonization. Hence this volume has a
living interest in the present. Among many
books of local history I must mention the
'
Memorial de la Ville do Gand (1792-1830),'
by M. Prosper Claoys, a monthly, almost
daily record of events great and small which
revives the history of our ancestors for us.
M. Jules Leclercq has devoted two notable
essays to Cecil Rhodes, whom he knew at
the Cape, and to the conflict between Fin-
land and Russia. M. Godefroid Kurth has
written a touching biography of the great
Anglo - Saxon missionary of the eighth
century, " St. Boniface," as Winfrid was
called, which will be translated soon into
English, more especially for the benefit of
Catholic readers.
By the side of this French literature
Belgium cultivates also writing in Flemish,
which is spoken by a little more than half
the people and differs no more from Dutch
than Norwegian from Danish. Speech,
grammar, dictionary, are the same, but
authors have widely different physiognomies
and styles in the two regions of the old
Netherlands, as in the two Scandinavian
kingdoms.
As usual, verse in this language abounds.
The Laatste Verzen of the late great poet
' '
of West Flanders, Guido Gezelle, will not
add much to his fame, but a really beautiful
and orginal poem has been produced by a
young author full of promise, Vlasgaard '
(' The Field of Flax '), by M. Rene de Clercq,
who belongs to the same district as Gezelle
and is evidently one of his pupils. In
another corner of the country, the east of
Belgium, a young school is springing up,
the Limburg school, represented by the work
of Winters, Lenaerte, Balngs.and Prenau.
The drama has produced two pretty
Flemish operas, performed at the National
Theatre of Antwerp, De Bruid der Zee,' by
'
M. Nestor do Tiere, and De Vrouwkens '
van Brugge,' by M. Melis. Furthermore,
M. Scheltjens has continued the series of his
violently realistic plays with Visscherseer.'
'
In prose we have the delightful posthumous
fragments of Madame MacLeod {nee Sophie
Fredericq), the village stories 'Op Mijn
Dorpken ' of the poet Pol de Mont, and the
realistic Dikke Miel by M. R.
sketch '
' whom he had intercourse, of the difficulties
Stijns, to mention three well-known old
bauds. Among the young men, M. Frank
Lateuv, the ' Stijn Streuvels " of
spoke has continued the series of
last yeai",
his brilliant successes in Holland with his
original stories of Flemish peasants of the
' '
West. His imitator, M. Herman Teirlinck,
treats in the same style the rustic manners
of the peasants who live round Ghent,
while M. Baekelmans is making his way
courageously, though his style is too
laborious. The Abbe Caeymaex has com-
' posed an anthology of a hundred Catholic
preachers of the Netherlands, from Geert
Groote, the founder of the "Brethren of
the Common Life," to the oldest cure
of St. Peter at Ghent, a contemporary
preacher of remarkable fertility. This month
and the next will be celebrated at Cour-
trai the anniversary of the famous Battle
of the Spurs, in which the Flemish workers
defeated the feudal nobles of Philip the Fair
of France. The true significance of this
great historic event has been much dis-
who cussed in Belgium, with particular reference
to the fine works of M. Pirenne. Among the
numerous publications on the matter, I may
notice the monograph of M. de Gryse, the
oldest cure of Courtrai, and the lucid and
erudite work of M. Victor Fris on the
'Liberation of Flanders in 1302.'
In fine art I mention with pride three
great works, splendidly illustrated the
: fed people of the Bohemian Forest, where
'
Netherland Painters of the Nineteenth
Century of M. Pol de Mont, which deals
' but poorly with the dark shadows of human
especially with the latest Flemish artists,
such as Claus and Baertsoen and two books
by M. Max Rooses, which appeared in
French and English at the same time as the
original Flemish text, The Old Dutch and
' Lepsim.' As always, he tries to show the
Flemish Masters in the Louvre and in the
National Gallery,' and the standard book,
*
The Life and Work of Rubens,' to which
he has devoted thirty years, and which is
written in a prose of grace and colour worthy
of the great master of Flemish colouring.
Pal^l Fkedericq.
BOHEMIA.
Bohemian belles - lettres seem to be
attempting lately to fall in with the general
tendency of European literature, the bias
towards prose narrative, especially the
novel proper. In the drama we are behind
other European nations, both in the number
and quality of our productions and we;
share the more or less general neglect of
narrative poetry.
In fiction a desire prevails to portray as
far as possible the realities of life, which is
a sign of an honest artistic tendency. It is
no romantic naturalism, which often selects
mere copies of realities for literary experi-
ments, but the desire to study the broad
realities of life and exploit them in an
artistic as well as scientific manner. This
appears, first of all, in the very extensive
production of memoirs and descriptions, in
which authors of all possible schools partake.
The greatest stir in social and literary circles
was caused by Machar's Feuilletons,' a col-
'
lection of reminiscences of the hard life of a
student and struggles of a literary beginner
who, in time, turned out one of our pro-
minent authors. He draws here with start-
ling truthfulness sketches of persons with
of a life which often troubles and depresses
youthful talent, and supplies glimpses of his
whom I own mental development. Different is the
gentle tone of the narrative in which one of
our oldest novelists, Vaclav Vlcek, describes
scenes from his early years, under the title
N3897, July 5, 1902
'From a Family Chronicle.' Great interest
was awakened by the memoirs of the former
manager of the National Bohemian Theatre,
F. A. Subert, who gives lively pictures from
the long series of years when he was at the
head of this important institution, his viva-
cious style attracting a great many readers.
Another sort of prose devotes much care
to the study of the life of the people. Alois
Jirusek, who, in a long series of works, has
embodied the type of an efficient and vigor-
ous historical novel, is busy with an un-
usually extensive narrative under the title
'
U Nas '
(' With Us '). He has come now to
the beginnings of our modern and his
life,
novel, which is founded upon a thorough
study of these times, is gaining more and
more the character of memoirs so true to
life are his pictures of people and circum-
stances. Hole^ek has published another
part of his broadly based novel Nasi '
Ours '), and keeps to the population of
('
Southern Bohemia so also does Kloster-
;
mann in his latest work, AVhere do the'
Children Go ? in which he takes
' his
readers again to the hard- worked and badly-
the rich natural beauty of the scenery agrees
life. And Rais, similarly, is true to his
part of the country, in the mountainous
north-western corner of Bohemia, whence
he took the subject for his last novel, Na '
differences of country and town life, and
how a simple countryman, deluded by an
exaggerated longing to better himself in
town, is ruined in circumstances to which he
is not used.
With these novelistic works may be
mentioned studies which combine scientific
aims with tendencies to belles-lettres. A
good specimen of this is Hamza's series of
veracious country pictures, 'Zalesi ('Back- '
woods'). And there are, besides, a good
many other reproductions of country
people's dialogues and scenes from their
lives, in the disguise of memoirs or short
tales, which form a sort of preparation for
future novels. The desire to achieve a
specially Bohemian novel appears in the
younger generation of writers very palpably,
but as yet endeavour is more frequent than
accomplishment, although many of the results
are interesting enough. The older writers
have worked out a distinct and comparatively
good type of historical novel, and have made
some creditable attempts at the social and
conversational novel besides. The latest
efforts are devoted to the psychological nar-
rative, with a social or artistic background.
Even Sova, a poet whose energetic verses
I have often had to mention, could not
resist the general influence, and wrote The '
Romance of Ivo,' the history of a young,
somewhat over-sensitive member of con-
temporary society who in a rural neigh-
bourhood conceives a pure love for a girl,
the member of an artistic family, and is in
the end given up by her from a desire for
fame and incompatible with his dreams
art,
of quiet family bliss. The novel is more an
attempt than a mature work, and, like the
majority of productions of its kind, is
burdened with beginnings which end in
nothing, with too palpable allusions to
real events but, on the other hand, its
;
analysis of character, its observation of

N%3897, JuLYo, 1902
outer and iuuer life, show great promise. A
more experienced hand, though a little less
sentiment, is seen in Kronbauer's novel
'Ixina' ('Katheriue'). The scene includes a
small country town and a large Bohemian
farm the characters are types of people
; of a visionary world.
met with in such circumstances an old
forester, a sedate grandmother, an indus-
trious farmer, with his workpeople, and, on
the other hand, a dissipated man, who,
being placed at the head of a bank founded
on the savings of small people, robs it to be
able to satisfy his high and mighty ideas.
The life of this social circle is
vigorous lines, but the second part, which
brings the reader amongst the artists of
Prague, is a mere insufficient sketch. These
two works represent two characteristic types,
the one devoting its chief attention to the
hero and his inner life, the other to the cir-
cumstances and the society in which he
moves and they are not without parallels.
; stir amongst the critics, Simacek's natural-
The first kind especially is seen in a number
of similar books, which, however, are still
more unfinished. The second also has
imitators, of whom I may mention
Hladi'k, who has published two novels
of modern social life, Passion and
Strength' and 'Punishment,' both full of
ideas and expressions gathered in Parisian
circles. I do not intend to prolong the list
of authors of this sort, so I will only men-
tion the energetic writing of Dyk's novel
'
Shame and the overdrawn, but pleasant,
' And it seems that success was lost not
'
Sweethearts,' by Miss Svoboda.
Though narrative prose has occupied the
field to a great extent, verse is not behind-
hand, at least in quantity. From the
unusually prolific pen of Vrchlicky I have
to note two collections very characteristic
of his inner life and work I let the
World pass by Me and Cid in the Light of
' '
Spanish Eomance.' The first booklet con-
tains lyrics of resignation, the work of a
man who has suffered much in mind, and
seeks comfort in philosophic peace and in
his own productions as well as in thorough
study of the poetry of foreign genius. This
study led him also to write the Cid,' a
work in which the poet appears united with
the scholar. It is not a direct translation
from the Spanish, but a reproduction, the
fruit of deep research in the original litera-
ture, in which the author has gathered the
best flowers and formed them into a com-
plete wreath. It is one of the links in a
large chain of works by which Vrchlicky
has introduced foreign poetry into Bohemian
literature. The resignation mentiontd
above does not prevent him from displaying
indefatigable activity, and the magazines
have already brought out specimens of two
further collections he is preparing.
A
strong and deep impression was caused
by Machar's new collection of poems, Gol-
gotha.' Machar presents here a thorough
and greatly improved revision of his earlier
work, a rich and varied harvest of several
years, the contents of which are charac-
terized by the headings God,' Peli-
:
gion,' 'Priests,' 'Fatherland,' 'Patriotism,'
Patriots.'
'
His verses are powerful in
style and matter. A S2)lendidly got-up
collection of poems, adorned
of the sculptor Bi'lek, has
lished under the title '
Puce' (' Hands ') by
Bi'ezina, who
shares with Bi'lek a mystical,
almost visionary, tendency. This mysticism
';
THE A T H E N iE U M
is an interesting, but isolated phenomenon
on the Bohemian Parnassus, having created
for itself a language of its own, full of rich,
highilown, almost exalted imagery, which
snatches up the reader into mystical spheres
Again I could produce a long list of names
of the younger generation who write verses
indefatigably and aim at a somewhat over-
excited and overdrawn poetry but it is not
; years.
easy to single out those who excel in
individuality and real depth. Interesting
is Opolsky's collection, Jedy a Leky
'
drawn with (' Poisons and Antidotes '), owing to its
concise language and sarcastic turn of
thought while Dyk's talented verses also
; conception of what the Poman Church is
represent well the satirical temper of the
young generation.
The drama abounds in more or less
successful attempts of new men. One piece
was brought out which caused a great
istic play 'Ztracenf ('The Lost Ones').
The author tries to copy real life that
is to say, the low everyday life of lost
existences
and gives details which are
the less poetical the truer they are. On
'
the stage the play had no success, but the
work is not abortive in spite of that. The
author had a special object in view, and
carried it out consistently
to bring out
the moral misery of a certain class in such
types as are found ready made in life.
by this tendency and the subject itself,
which one has as much right to work out
dramatically as any other, but by reasons
of a slighter kind for instance, the un-
necessary insistence on disagreeable details.
I close with the mention of an interesting
:
*
practical movement in our literary life. The
writers who represent in large numbers a
particular society, Maj, have decided to
form a publishing union and issue their
own magazine. There is no doubt that
this movement will influence the develop-
ment of belles-lettres considerably.
V. TiLLE.
'
DENMARK.
Some years ago the regeneration of the
world was expected from politicians and
social reformers, but people have now
become more modest in their expectations
they begin to see that the great question is
man himself, and that any reformation
which does not proceed from within and
tend to produce a new type of man is, if
not wholly worthless, at any rate not of
much value.
there are writers who try to paint
Now
man as a piece of nature, good or bad, as
he was born, a little thread in the great
tissue of life. They do not pretend to start
'
a philosophy, they simply give their impres-
sion of what they feel and see as vividly
and as picturesquely as possible. haveWe
a number of young impressionists of the
sort, such as Johannes V. Jensen, who has
' '
written a great historic trilogy of the time
of the Danish king Christian II. (l.Jl3-'2.}),
in which there is not an ounce of history or
study, only a picturesque display of human
by drawings life in its natural strength and colour. In
been pub- general it may be said of these authors that
they are opponents of civilization, because
it seems to them useless, or unablo to counter-
balance the great miseries of human life.
9
Consequently they become spectators and
painters, who "feel their life in every
limb," and consider speculation a useless
luxury. A similar resignation regarding
speculation and human thought may show
itself in a conversion to Poman (
'atholicis-m.
There is, however, only one instance of the
sort among our poets
that of Johannes
Jiirgensen, of whom I have spoken in I'ormc^r
He has written this year two books
on Italy, treating it not as the cradle of art
and the home of beauty, but as the homo of
the Church. In the first part of his book,
'
Romerske IMasaikor ('Poman Mosaics'),
'
he has supplied valuable contributions to a
to-day to its adherents in the second part,
;
'
Pomersko Helgene ('Poman Saints'), ho
'
relates legends of martyrs in a poetic and
pi-imitive style.Jorgensen, who was first a
symbolist,much impressed by contemporary
French poets, seems now a great admirer of
the Poman liturgy he never gets tired of
;
quoting passages from the Breviary.
Another class of writers, and a very
numerous one, includes the cultivated peasant
or the man from the country, rough and
fresh, a little rustic, but keenly sensitive, a
man who is not infected with the diseases
of old culture, not haunted with its mis-
givings, and wholly unscrupulous and un-
philosophic. He is, of course, by birth and
education a good democrat, and if he does
not believe in anything else which may
possibly be the case
he believes, at any
rate, in democracy. But he no longer culti-
vates the people as the saintly being of
childish holiness and unworldliness which
it appeared to be to earlier poets. Very
often he paints his fellow democrats as
given to bad habits, especially as bound to
the ground. Others of these rustic novel-
ists, on the contrary, consider the country
still the home of undegenerate manliness.
As a type of the last I can name Peder P.
MoUer, who has written a big novel, 'Sejr
og Thora,' in which rustic simplicity is con-
trasted with the emptiness and frivolitie.s
of the capital, which he considers a great
centre of moral infection. More moderate
in their views are writers like Edv. Egeberg
and Johan Skjoldborg, while Aakjfor pre-
sentssplendid pictures of his home, poor
Western Jutland, with humiliating descrip-
whom he describe s
tions of the inhabitants,
as working animals almost without any of
the blessings of culture.
A very robust author is also Martin
Andersen Nexo, who writes voluminous
novels about decidedly unpleasant people,
with a sharp eye for all their lower passions.
However, tlie world soon gets tired of ex-
tensive vulgarity without a single redeem-
ing feature. Of mere vulgarity you cannot
make literature.
Pefinement, however, has also its culti-
vators. I may name first a young and very
promising man, Harald Kidde, who Im.s
written a most beautiful book, Aage og '
Else' (' Aage and Elsie }, in which ho portrays
'
all the tender feelings of a reliiunl hoy who
leavesa lovely home to face thorough winds nf
tho world and theoxporienco.sof life or, more
correctly, of douth, wliidi robs him()f all ho
loves best, and repeatedly makes hiin renew
his vow to /lati' life and only ciierish tho
memories of his beloved dead. The book,
however, is not yet finished a new volume
 '

10 THE ATHEN^UM N^'.SSGT, July :>, 1902

of it is in preparation and will next spring
show the reader the author's final con-
clusion concerning his young hero. Another
writer who also possesses a good deal of
refinement in a very artistic strain is Sophus
Michaclis, who before Christmas published
a novel about mediasval Italy, speaking of
the great artists of the time in strongly
coloured prose. His wife, Karin Michaiilis,
has published 'Barnet' ('The Child'), in
which she tells the tragic story of a poor
little girl who is dying on the threshold of
life. The story presents a portrait of a
unripe fruit of youthful reflection on our perhaps in its essence, but infinitely varied
responsibility towards our children and the in its form.
solidarity of generations. The other describes It can be said, without being para-
the descendants of an old aristocratic family, doxical, that at perhaps no other epoch
in whose veins blood has become too thin has the drama in this country produced
to produce anything but pale dreams and a greater number of interesting works
eccentricities. There is a certain power in than during the past few years. Never
the description of moral depression united before have so many dramatic authors
with great imaginative and poetic gifts written plays showing such true observation
which may be called promising in so young or such subtle analysis. But it must at the
a man. same time be admitted that not one of these
I have still to note a few collections of plays is in a class by itself, with the excep-
lyrics, which I put last, though they are by tion perhaps of L'Enigme,' by M. Paul
'

precocious, hysterical little being, withbright, no means least in merit. First, there is a Hervieu. This piece, which adds yet another
nervous eyes. The young author Edith beautiful collection by Valdemar Eurdam, to the number of great successes at the
Nebelong in her Maja Engell' has also
' 'Dansk Tunge' ('The Danish Tongue'), Comudie Fran9aise, has only two acts, but
portrayed a young girl in the stage which is exquisite in melody and beauty. they are the work of a master. If the
which makes experiments, who begins The author strengthens his claim to classic art of all ages be that which con-
life with a firm resolution to keep herself be the richest of younger Danish poets. centrates the most emotion and thought
straight, and who succeeds in doing so, though Then there is a collection, Eoserne' (' The '
in the fewest words with the greatest clear-
she is very often tempted to give way. Eoses '), by Aage Matthison - Hansen, ness, then M. Hervieu in L'Enigme' proves'

There is much excellent study of the ever-
changing moods of such a young mind in
this book.
A book of a jovial and national character
isJacobKnudsen's'Gsoring'C Dawn of Life'),
in which the author, cleverly enough, has pro-
duced a picture of life in aGrundtvigian circle
(Grundtvig wa?, as is perhaps known, the
popular prophet of Danmark, in certain
respects offering a parallel to Pusey).
many points, however, the description de-
generates into parody, but there are bright
which is a little below his usual level. himself a pure classic. He regenerates in
Peculiar in its rigidness and disbelief in all it French and in his own way draws near
art,
human hopes and things is Viggo Stucken- to the art of an iEgchylus or a Sophocles.
berg's Sne (' Snow '). Olaf Hansen pub-
' '
While rendering the justice which is its due
lished a little collection of poems, Under- '
to M. Paul Hervieu's play, I do not mean
vejs (' On the Eoad'), in which are found
'
to suggest that the other pieces produced
some beautiful verses called In the Town '
since last July are without merit. Several
of Euins' (Visby, in Gotland), and
the are interesting. M. Gustavo Guiches's '
Le
a few songs to Iceland, which is seldom Nuage obtained
' a moderate success at the
In thought of in Danish poetry. But the author Comedie Fran^aise. It is a daintily written
is a connoisseur of its literature and a play, somewhat uncertain in its purpose,
lover of its scenery. In Blaumiiller's but relieved by brilliant touches. Le *

and humorous passages in the study of '

a narrative in verse, the story is
Sibylle,' Marquis de Priola,' a dramatic comedy, by
childish evolution under the patronage of rather incredible, and the verses not quite M. Henri Lavedan, produced at the same
babbliag Grundtvigian people. I should not, first-rate, though some of them show theatre, was well received. M. Lave-
however, wish English readers to get their poetic feeling. dan finds his inspiration in the great and
ideas of a genuine Danish phenomenon From quite another quarter is, if I may immortal portrait of Don Juan. How is it
from this book, humorous as it may be just mention it, my own Georg
'
Brandes,' that some men whom the world in general
to natives, who know where to add and to the first part of a work on the well-known deems commonplace have the wonderful
subtract. Danish writer. Alir. Ipsen. gift of making themselves loved? Whence
An incursion into old romance is the poet comes the spirit of these men
M. Lavedan, '?

Ernst von der Eecke's drama Det Lukkede '

Lan 1' ( 'The Closed Country' ) written in blank
,
verfcd, and dealing with the English tradi-
tion of King Arthur and his Court, with
Guinevere and Lancelot. The hero is the
knight Gawain, who is sent down from a
heavenly country by his beloved, the fairy
riorine, to the earth, and falls in with the
Court of Arthur, where he finds everything
following in the footsteps of Moliere, Mus-
FE.\NCE. set, and D'Annunzio, has taken up this
In describing the condition of literature problem, and has made of it a comedy
to-day some writers do not hesitate to use of a somewhat harsh and rough character,
the term "literary anarchy." They com- but interesting and even powerful. The
plain that our present-day literature attempts second act is very impressive, and through
to cater for all tastes. They also reproach the the whole course of the play the serious
public for the many and diverse objects of touch of a dramatic writer can be dis-
its admiration, and in testimony thereof cerned. M. Georges Mitchell's La Maison,' '

demoralized, men and women throwing them-
selves away in empty flirtation. On being
put to the test before the truthful mirror
every one is shown in his true shape only
Gawain and the queen's maid, Gwendolen,
remain as they are. Between them a warmer
feeling springs up. At last they are
banished from the Court, till in the final
scene of the drama Gwendolen reveals her-
self as Florine, who has followed him in an
altered shape on his earthly meanderings,
and now that he has proved himself true
draws him home (through death) to her
they point out how that same admiration played at our second national theatre, may
carries it from one extreme to the other, be mentioned in company with M. Henri
how it tries to reconcile the admiration Lavedan's play. It is not a masterpiece,
of symbolism with that of the Parnassians, nor even a very powerful work, but it con-
and how it becomes infatuated by turns tains both a representation of manners and
with Tolstoy, Ibsen, D'Annunzio, and a sequence of comedy and melodrama in
Fogazzaro. Certainly, since last July no other words, all the elements essential to
new school has arisen to replace the old, the theatre. "Masterpiece" is too strong
but is that sufficient reason for the use a word to apply to M. Abel Hermant's
of such a term as " literary anarchy " ? L'Archiduc Paul,' though it is only right
What so styled is, as we shall see in the
is to say that this author, who has achieved
course of this literary sketch, nothing more great success in the past, has not failed to
than a great variety of works and of talent. keep up his reputation. L'Archiduc Paul
'

heavenly country. The whole is a free com-
position, based on the geaeral features of old
tradition. The drama has not yet been put
on the stage, and perhaps it would present
some difficulties, such a scene as that with
the truthful mirror always being a little
dubious in its effect on the stage.
Books in a different line are Sven Lange's
'HjertetsGerninger' ('Deeds of the Heart'),
When we have reviewed the dramatic, is a very pretty comedy, marred by its
poetic, philosophic, historic, and sociological ending en vaudeville. It is at one and
works, the fiction and books of criticism, the same time a picture of manners, a social
which have been published since our last satire, and a study of character. It is, be-
review, and which have made their mark neath its light surface, a serious play and a
among the successes of the year, we shall work of remarkable skill and ability. One
arrive, I think, at the following conclusion must not, however, seek in it what the
that there is something better to do than to author has never meant to give us a serious
depreciate and reject all that is not fashioned picture of the duties and sufferings of kings ;

a modern neurotic novel of new times that dis- after one particular model, and that is to but only what he has intended to depict
solve old homes, and two big novels of very receive with equal eagerness, from what- a criticism somewhat overdone of
young men Eace,' by Frederic Poulsen, and
' ever quarter they come, by whatever ideal their petty vexations. The robust talent of
' Hallingerne (a family name), by Theodor
'
they are inspired, those works which ofi^er M. Francois de Curel attacks more serious
Ewald. The first of these is rather an an original interpretation of beauty one problems. In La Fille Sauvage he
' '

N3897, July 5, 1902
has sketched the symbolic
Humanity. The idea beautiful,
is lofty
though, unfortunately, the incident chosen to
I represent it is improbable and out of place.
The author has attempted to crowd into the
play, the action of which takes place in a
" few years," the immense psychical evolu-
tion of humanity throughout the ages. This
compression brings about effects which are
abrupt and uot always sublime. La Fille
Sauvage is the unequal work of a master,
' has published his
which leaves us, in spite of its power,
with a feeling of incompleteness. Our ex-
perience was much the same when we saw
the representation of La Terre,' the drama
'
which MM. Hugot and de Saint-Arroman
have adapted from M. Zola's novel. To
adapt a novel to the stage is by no means
an easy task. A novel is a work of analysis
and description intended to be read at
leisure ;a play is a work of action and
synthesis meant to be seen and heard by
thousands of people. La Terre is one of ' '
the gloomiest songs of the naturalistic
epic. How can such an epic be re-
duced to the proportions of a stage ? It
is indeed a difficult problem, and one
which the adapters have not solved to
the advantage of M. Zola. They have
only succeeded in writing a disjointed
and incoherent play, of which but a few
scenes are really interesting. It would not,
I think, be out of place to rank La Terre
with the *' social" plays, and it is not the
only production of the year that could be so
defined. Indeed, the "social" phase has
been depicted on the stage in several works.
Madame Marni in Manoune studies the'
relations between servants and masters M.
Jean Jullien in L'Ecoliere the status of the
' '
lay teacher M. Andre Theuriet in Les
;
Maugars takes us back to the days of the
' masterly.
Republic and the Coup d'fitat. This last
author has in his work again met with the
success which has been his throughout the
whole of his brilliant literary career.
Our age is by no means favourable to
poetry. To whom must the fault be imputed ?
To the poets perhaps. The number of people
who think fit to publish is always increasing.
This considerable output has not been re-
stricted during the present year. A quantity
of poems have appeared, few of which,
however, deserve notice, though this some-
what severe judgment does not apply to
three poets recently deceased, whose friends
have taken praiseworthy care to publish
their last verses
MM. Ary Renan, Gabriel
Vicaire, and Albert Samain. Ary Renan,
son of an illustrious father, reveals in his
'
Rf'ves d'Arti.ste a mind grave and serious
'
and a true devotion to the cult of beauty.
His book is full of reflection on the past, which
to his conception was less vulgar and less
grossly positive than the present age. He
sings of death in flowing stanzas. Gabriel
Vicaire sounded in contemporary art a joy-
ful note, exuberant and full of robust health.
Albert Samain's talent contrasts strongly
with that of Gabriel Vicaire. In his post-
humous volume, Le Chariot d'( >r,' he
'
remains as he revealed himself in his earliest
verse, a personality extremely sensible to
sufrering, with a heart whose least emotion
wakens mournful echoes. He never lost
his longing after ages long past and cities
whose glories have departed. His last work
contains some weird verses in which he
' '
THE ATHENiEUM
legend ot' evokes the mystic charm of uight. Whether
and Albert Samain views Love us the brother
of Death, or whether he sketches a land-
scape and endows it with a strange life by
some subtle sympathy, he never forces the
note. He was one of the most fascinating
poets of our time.
Two poets who were the promoters of
symbolism have added to their already
'
considerable output
M. Jean Moroas
Stances and M. Emile
'
' to make it credible. M. Paul Bourget is the
Verhaeren Petites Logendes.'
' If com-
parisons were still in fashion it would, per-
haps, be interesting to show in what way
these two poets differ from each other.
Suffice it to say that the art of M. Jean
Moreas is inspired by Grroco-Latin traditions,
and that it is well balanced and har-
moniously proportioned, while that of M.
Verhaeren is ready - witted, wild, and
rugged, the outcome of an impetuous
and semi-barbaric temperament. M. Ver-
haeren is somewhat primitive, his poems
are naive pictures he cares little for strict
accuracy, and violates the language in order
to draw from it raucous and powerful
sonorities. Other young poets, who do not
dream of founding schools on which fact
they are to be congratulated have given
us collections of verse. Among these I will
mention, because he is in my opinion superior
to the others, M. Charles Guerin, whose
' '
Semeur de ("endres abounds in plaintive
' tious artist.
melodies. His volume contains a number
of musical and plastic verses, embellished
with beautiful imagery and expressing noble
emotions in language always clear and pure.
'
Whether he marvels at the ever - varying
; spectacle of the seasons, or whether he
mourns in contemplation of the mystery
'
of human destiny, M. Guerin is always
M. de Montesquiou has been
at great pains to astound us in the Paons.'
He sets out to secure the most startling
effects, but he ends too often by confusing
and wearying us. After these poems,
which remind one of a bazaar cumbered
with fantastic nicknacke, one longs for
" nature verses," and it is a pleasure
to come across 'Le (!ha!ur Innombrable,'
Madame de Noailles's book, and read her
breezy stanzas. An inspiration from Arcadia,
a pantheistic breath, seems to pervade
her poems. Universal life has disclosed to
her some of its secrets. Saint-Georges de
Bonhelier, another " nature poet," also ex-
horts us to follow the laws of beauty in his
new volume, Les Chants de la Vie Ardente,'
' usual promise of great things, which has
a collection of poems written for the most
part in honour of earthly pleasures. If we
are not actually wanting in poets, not one
of them has produced a work which is
irresistible. The school which they repre-
sent marks a phase in poetic evolution, but
no single man seems to have talent great
enough to distinguish that phase by his
own name. Symbolism remains apparently
something more or less anonymous. We
owe it much, because, partly by inspiration,
partly by execution, it has given new life
to a poetry long concealed by the brilliant
But Parnassus has
rhetoric of Parnassus.
left behind it several definite performances,
and the symbolists have, perhaps, only
paved the way for more vigorous spirits.
Of the various forms which go to make
up our modern literature fiction is without
This yoarasrain I
disnute the most prolific.
dispute orolific.
11
must record the fact that wo are uot ou the
eve of seeing the death of the novel one ;
is even tempted to complain that it is too
full of life, and that it unduly absorbs the
energy of our writers. There is a pretty
general opinion in the world of letters that of
all the classes of literature that which pro-
duces the fewest really fine works is fiction.
I cannot now discuss this opinion, but I must
admit that several productions this year seem
author of many novels, inimitable by reason
of his powers of psychological analysis,
but apparently just now the author of Le '
Disciple feels weary.
' )f late years he <
has published no book which is likely to
add to his reputation, already, of course,
great and unquestioned. M. Bourget has
put all the pathos of which he is capable
into his latest work, '
Monique.' It is at
firstsomewhat strange to find the author of
'
Crime d'Amour and of Cosmopolis de-
' ' '
picting the working classes, but on closer
examination one sees that the artistic
sympathies of M. Bourget are not with
the people he describes, and that he
loses no opportunity of maligning the
democracy, either through the mouth of his
principal hero or in his own name. In this
novel, the plot of which is embellished
with delicate tracery, M. Bourget again
shows himself a careful and conscien-
In L'Etape he displays'
'
more vigorous qualities. It is a novel
of high moral scope, in which the in-
comparable analyst of Le Disciple *
once more shows his great talent. M.
Paul Adam has but a distant relation-
ship to M. Paul Bourget, though his last
book, L'Enfant d'Austerlitz,' discloses also a
'
power of subtle and penetrating analysis.
M. Adam has attempted to portray a whole
' generation, but his characters are uncertain
and even mediocre. The hero, by his
lack of energy and his meekness in sub-
mitting to every kind of influence that
crosses his path, typifies his roving and
homeless generation. The book is too
crowded, and its interests are spread over
too many people, consequently its real
unity not sufficiently evident. But
is
what loses in brilliancy and cohesion
it
it gains in veracity. Occasionally in thi.s
work we come across the best qualities of the
author, but on the whole it is not so power-
ful as 'La Force,' which was M. Paul
Adam's triumph. In that he showed un-
not as yet been realized. The same remark
may be applied to M. I-Mouard Estaunir,
whose writings are always interesting to
the Books like L'Empreinte and
critics. ' '
'Le Ferment' could never pass unnoticed.
They proclaim a deeply observant writer,
a scorner of theory and master of style,
who goes straight to the point and depicts
life in all its simplicity. has not Why
M. Estaunir given us a real work? His
latest production, L'Kpave,' is indeed but
'
one might almost say a novel
a novelette,
with a purpose, wliich proves very little.
M. Estaunie'a pictures of life in small towiis
lack impartiality and often juhtico, but Imu.-t
admit he has a conception of life, a tabto
of
for nature, and, abovo all, that gift
simplicity which, intonsified, made Guy de
Maupassant a master. The first
- named
qualities cannot be imputed to M. lidouard

12
Eod, who has published L'Eau Courante,'
'
and who still remains faithful to his
favourite form. With a few elements of
truth and sincere observation of the out-
ward facts of life, M. Rod has produced
a striking picture and an impressive
narrative in a word, a fine work. The
scope of the book oversteps the bounds of
convention to which the author should have
confined it, but it bears that stamp of
general truth which establishes both works
and reputations. M. Jules Claretio, who
has also been very successful in the novel
as M. Edouard Rod. conceives
this year a book of a totally different
*
Le Sang Franqais.' It is the work of a
true patriot, and in the stories of the Franco-
German war recalls to our mind certain
passages of Daudet on the siege of Paris,
but in its historical chapters it reaches a
still higher level. The style is more simple,
more natural, and more martial, and the clear,
vivid narrative has an irresistible charm and
carries us along like the sound of a trumpet.
MM. Paul and Victor Margueritte in 'Braves
Gens also broach the thorny subject of the
' turesque and vivid pen, with pictures of a
Franco- German war of 1870. The work has
power and truth, and, like Le Desastre,' is
'
so complete that the romance of the thing
is lessened. In writing this work under the
double obligation of being both idealistic
and veracious, the authors have demon-
strated how extremely difficult it is to
combine in one work, subservient to the
same laws, imagination and reality, romance
and history. Well-known characters, well
portrayed, occupy all the best places in it.
M. Reno Bazin in Les Oberlo has not
' '
written an historical romance but though ; self-defence, and that he always longed
the romantic tendency predominates in it,
it has another side which has made it a
success. In Les Oberle' the Alsace-Lorraine
'
question is admirably treated. This search-
ing study affords excellent material for the
de\ elopment of character. The style of the
writing is really charming, a style through
which can be seen the heart of things, and
in which the great talent of
appears delicacy, grace, deep emo-
full of
tion,and sure psychology, with a healthy,
deep, and elevated poetic instinct. Other
names besides those I have mentioned have
appeared this year on the covers of novels.
The necessary brevity of this summary does
not permit me to review all the works of
MM. Lichtenberger, Bordeaux, Pravieux,
Boule but I must briefly mention one or
; ject on two points
two. M. Lichtenberger's book Pere
shows real psychologic observation, but
he imposes upon us one situation which,
if it were not skilfully treated, as is the
case, would easily become shocking.
M.
Henri Bordeaux has given us a novel which
recalls Lamartine's idyl Grazlella '
the
author's style is here in perfection, in-
spired, coloured, and even voluptuous. M.
Louis Boule's ' Maman Claudie,' an idyl
which has not met with the success it de-
serves, is a picture, after George Sand, of
the life of the peasantry in Berri. Several
chapters remind one of Pierre Loti
higher eulogy than is implied by this com-
parison with the celebrated Academician
could not be jiassed on the talent of M.
Louis Boule. It is not for me to criticize
* Un Vieux
Celibataire,' by M. Jules Pra-
vieux.
Studies, researches, and the publication
THE ATHEN^UM
of documents on the Revolution and the
First Empire become every day more numer-
ous, more frequent, more scholarly, and, it
must also be said, more serious. M. Aulard
has not attempted to write the entire his-
tory of the Revolution ho confines his
; Almost all the memoirs published during
attention to a part of it only in his Histoire '
Politique de la Revolution Fran(jaise' and
in his Etudes et Lemons sur la Revolution
'
Frangaise.' In the first M. Aulard relates
the political history of the Revolution, viewed
from the standpoint of the origin and deve-
lopment of the democracy and the republic.
it, gives us In his Etudes et Lemons sur la Revolution
'
style, Frangaise he expresses his views on the
' memoirs, verified by each other and con-
organization of labour, keeping the idea
of a provincial history of contemporary
France well before him. All these studies
offer examples of rigorous application to
the rules of the historic method. M. Frantz
Funck-Brentano's L' Affaire du Collier
'
naturally finds a place in a review of works on
the French Revolution. The great judicial
romance which preceded the tragedy of the
Revolution unfolds itself under his pic-
sceptical and corrupt society, improbable
coups de theatre, skilful, daring intrigues,
and queer personalities. It is from this
last side that the author approaches
facts from the characters he has evolved
; Comte de Reiset do not in any way lose their
the secret of their actions. With M.
Arthur Levy we pass on to the Bona-
partist era. The title of M. Lovy's book,
'
Napoleon et la Paix,' seems paradoxi-
cal ; but he has meant to develope
sustain a thesis already anticipated by M.
Sorel, that Napoleon made war only in
passionately for peace. This argument, so
much are we accustomed to a contrary judg-
ment, unexpected, but on reflection, even
is
if we cannotbelieve it altogether, we cannot
fail to be convinced that it contains at least
a modicum of truth. Moreover, M. Arthur
L6vy sustains it with ability. The story of
Napoleon's youth has been made familiar
the writer by M. Chuquet. Now we have the
genesis of his intellect depicted by MM.
Masson and Biaggi in two excellent volumes,
materials for which have been gathered from
the mass of writings which the impetuous
young Bonaparte left behind. M. Marcaggi's
book, 'La Genese de Napoleon' (his intel-
lectual and moral condition up to the time
of the siege of Toulon), revives the sub-
the one concerns the
: Souvenirs du Marquis d'Hautpoul,' which
'
'
material welfare of the family, the life and
character of Charles Bonaparte ^^cre (from
discoveries in Corsican archives), and the
other an original point this is, that where
his predecessors merely allowed the facts
to speak for themselves, M. Marcaggi has
' ; drawn certain conclusions from the sur-
roundings of Napoleon's early life and his
undoubted knowledge of the admiration
which his own race had for him.
The eighteenth century in Russia finds in
M. Waliszewski a most capable historian.
His latest work, 'La Dernicre des Romano w,
Elisabeth I"^
thanks to the abund-
' sagacity. Taine has in France a few devoted
ance and variety of his documentary evi-
dence, thanks also to his perfect knowledge
of the milieu and the people
supplies a real
and living picture of the country, something
altogether opposed to the conventional idea
of Russia to which we have been accustomed
ever since the days of Voltaire. In a series
' ;
N3897, July 5, 1902
of highly coloured pictures in bold relief he
gives a true and terrible impression of that
strange Russia of the eighteenth century,
and of Peter and Catherine, the founders of
Russian power.
the year deal with periods very near
our own, notably that of the Second
Empire. Historians ought to be glad
of them and wish for more documents
and portfolios to be open to them. Until
the records which lie concealed in the
muniment rooms of the State are accessible
to the public
and even when they are
firmed by official documents, will remain
the soundest sources of historv. The
*
Momoires du Comte de Reiset,' two
volumes of which have appeared with the
sanction of their author, deal with subjects
which are destined to occupy a foremost
place in contemporary memoirs. The second
volume treats of the Crimean war and the
Court of Napoleon III. The author, who
was at that time first secretary at St. Peters-
burg, describes the interesting period of the
preliminaries of the rupture between France
and Russia. In spite of many erudite publi-
cations dealing with the early part of Victor
Emmanuel's reign, the memoirs of the
value or their originality. M. Germain
Bapst cannot be said to publish memoirs
of Marechal Canrobert, but, with the help
of public documents, and more especially of
and reminiscences which he was able to obtain
from the Maruchal's own lips, writes the
history of the events in which the great
warrior was concerned. The second volume,
published this year, contains a portrait
of Napoleon III., a description of his
Court, and an account of the visit of Queen
Victoria to Paris. Canrobert speaks with
emotion of the many audiences he had
with Queen Victoria, " who," said the
Marechal, "is the type of a great sovereign
of remarkable intellect, and in every way
worthy to govern a powerful nation." The
remainder of the book is devoted to the his-
tory of the Crimean war. There are many
poignant passages those, for instance, in
which the charge of Balaclava is described
some sinister ones, which treat of the
cholera and some heroic, wherein the great
;
deeds of the allied armies are depicted.
M. Comte Fleury has published Les
le '
take us back to a period prior to the Second
Empire. The Marquis d'Hautpoul was
tutor to a prince who never came to the
throne, the Due de Bordeaux, subsequently
Comte de Chambord. This book helps us
to understand better than any polemics how
it was that the elder branch of the Bourbon
family lost the throne, and why they have
never been able to regain it.
Historical books abound this year again.
There seems to be a veritable passion for
reconstructing the past public and private
;
records are searched with indefatigable
disciples who have taken to his method, and
divested it of the somewhat systematic cha-
racter which often distinguished the works of
the author of Origines de la France ('ontem-
'
poraine,' and it can be said that many of
the historical productions of the year have
not fallen far short of perfection. All our
 N 3897, July 5, 1902
historians abstain from generalities, and
leave philosophy to be dealt with by books
devoted to
it
what the}- endeavour
to obtainand what they publish is fact,
documentary fact. If this zeal does not
abate, and there is ever}' reason to
believe that it the twentieth
will not,
century will, by its historical publications,
reform many current opinions. More
and more will the domain of the unknown
become restricted. A few historical figures
are studied with such careful exactitude,
such accuracy in research, that the future
will find nothing to change. It is thus
that Arvede Barine in La Jeunesse
de la Grande Mademoiselle,' and M. Stry-
ienski in Marie Joseph de Saxe et la Cour
'
de Louis XY.,' have given us portraits of
their heroines which are definitive. M.
Pierre Calmettes in Choiseul et Yoltaire,
'
d'apres des Lettres Inedites,' has with a most
expert hand raised the veil which covered
the relations between minister and writer.
He knows the value of a "document," and
he possesses critical acumen two qualities
which go to the making of history.
Among the problems which exercise public
opinion just now there is one which is all
important as concerning life to-day, the
reform of higher education. M. Alfred
Fouillt'e, whose watchful intellect looks ever
for an opportunity to make of philosoph}' a
living thing, has written La Reforme de
I'Enseignement par la Philosophie,' which
is truth the question of the day.
in M.
Fouillee is, as all know, a staunch advocate
of classical education. While he in no
wise suggests banishing from our democratic
and industrial country modern practical
teaching, at the same time he does not wish
that the general educational level should,
under pretence of equality, be lowered or
that a country like France should be de-
throned from its intellectual eminence.
Fouillee considers that teaching should be all
supplemented and quickened by philosophy
that philosophy should have a large part
in all education but the philosophy for
; festations of beauty.
which he asks is social philosophy, which
concerns itself with the great problems of
morality and sociology. M. Oasip-Lourio's
book on La Philosophie Sociale dans le
'
Theatre d'Ibsen may be placed in the
'
same category. Must we see a pessimist
in Henrik Ibsen? To his mind society is
in an ill state, it rests on hypocritical con-
ventions, on lies, but he believes in the good-
ness of human nature
its goodness, that is
to say, in so far that, if it is left to itself,
its ills and vices will disappear. In this
Ibsen shows himself utopiau, forgetting
the true conditions of human nature in his
dreams of an unattainable perfection. M.
Ossip-Lourii', whole-hearted ia his admira-
tion, can only see in tlie plays of the Nor-
wegian dramatist great and powerful lessons
8et out with a courageous candour. lie
has left Ibsen only to study other foreign
philosophers in another volume, La Philo-
sophie Eusse Contemporaine.'
must have
tlie credit of the first
subject. lie asserts that though Russian
thought is readily revolutionary as a reaction
against excessive despotism, it has by tem-
perament a moral tendency. "What is the
aim of life How shall we order our lives '
''.
That is the mighty problem it brings forward,
therein lie its originality and power.
THE ATHEN^UM 13
MM.Fournicre and Bourdeau both do- might almost be said that he carries im-
vote a volume to social philosophy. ]\[. pressionism to too great a length. This
Fourniere in his 'Essai sur I'Individualismo' remark could not well be applied to M.
seeks to reply to the reproach often made Arthur Chuquet, who has steered a middle
against Socialism that it absorbs the in- course in the important critical work which
dividual in the State. To M. Fourniere it he devotes to Stendhal - Beyle.'
'
In it
appears that Socialism lends itself more he depicts that curious man, and studies
favourably to the free expansion of the in detail a work which had a great
individual than any other system, by foster- influence on the second half of the nine-
ing the spirit of co-operation which alone teenth century. The author has brought
sets personal activity going. No one has a scrupulous conscience to bear on this work,
employed science and sagacity to better a constant care for tho truth of his in-
purpose in unravelling the tangled skein of formation and the justice of his conclu-
contemporary Socialisna than M. Jean Bour- sions. So much cannot be said for M. Paul
*
deau. His book, L'Evolution du Social-
'
Frauche, who has just written Le Pri'tre '
isme,' is the most complete history of dans le Roman Fran(,ais.' M. Franche's
Socialism which has appeared during the foremost quality is not impartiality. Here
last thirty years. It is easy to see that in truly do we find "subjective" criticism in
France sociological studies are coming more all its A
large Parisian firm has
severit}'.
and more into favour, to the detriment of published La
Hic'rarchie Catholique,'
'
works of pure philo.sophy. We move in which gives a description of all the great
an epoch of transformation from which living Roman Catholics, but does not dis-
the society of to-morrow is being evolved. play such an acrimonious spirit as the
People are enamoured of those books which book just mentioned. The reproach of par-
contain the theories and ideas on which some tiality cannot with any degree of fairness
say the city of the future will be founded. be applied to M. Eugene Veuillot, who has
Is it necessary to add that too often these published the second volume of his great
works are filled with stillborn Utopias ? and vigorous study on '
Louis Veuillot.' M.
'
La Formation du Eadicalisme Philoso- Eugene Veuillot has restored for us the life
phique La
Jeunesse de Bentham,' by of his brother just as it was, not painting
M. Elie Halovy, is another social study. M. the past with the colours of the present, but
Halevy has gone through his scheme with judging it with independence and avoiding
'
scrupulous conscientiousness and minute the reproduction of bitter things, of occa-
care, following from thinker to thinker sionally extravagant feeling.
the development of each idea which ends Among works of travel the public has
in or apart from the Radicalism of Ben- accorded a peculiarly flattering reception
tham. Works pure philosophy still
of to M. Foureau's D' Alger au Congo par
'
retain their favour with a select circle. M. le Tchad ' and M. Georges Claretie's *
De
Renouvier, in his Histoire et Solution des
' Syracuse a, Tripoli.' The latter, by the
Problemes Metaphysiques,' appears to have wealth and picturesqueness of liis evi-
wished to recapitulate all his work in order dence, by his valuable studies on Tunisian
to transmit to his juniors the reflections art, and by the vivacity of his narrative,
suggested to him by the history of meta- has attracted the admiration of both artists
M. physics. M.
L. Bray in his Essai sur ' and men of letters.
rOrigine I'Evolution du Sens Esthetique
et
'
Fiction, thedrama, poetry, history, and
interests himself in evolving the significa- criticism, all branches of French literature,
tion of primitive, natural, and organic mani- are passing through a period of expectancy.
M. Queyrat in La * Among our writers are some who have ac-
Logique chez 1' Enfant studies the psycho- '
complished their task will the others, what-
;
logy of a child's ideas and conclusions. ever talent they may show, resist the vigorous
M. Dugas's book, '
Psychologie du Rire,' thrust of the rising generation? What
recapitulates the many theories regarding may we expect from that rising generation ?
seems almost impossible that another
laughter, and discusses them with the object It
of showing that the laugh cannot be em- school should be formed after tho many of
braced in any theory that it is, indeed, which the last half of the nineteenth century
not a matter of science at all. saw the birth and death. Some formula
There are in France to day two groups of which has never been employed before would
critics. Some, pure impressionists, will pass be necessary. But all possible formulas
We
have been used by turns in our time.
no judgment and conform to no rule others, ;
on the contrary, pride themselves on the shall always have coteries formed by the
affinity of temperaments and tastes. But
application of rules and the passing of judg-
numbers a school should be founded
new
ment. The second group, though it tliat
in its ranks some of the most brilliant writers, nowadays, able to impose rules and fixed
gains few adherents. Nearly all the critical forms on our literature, seems most improb-
works of the year bear the names of authors able. Furthermore, can we wish for the
belonging to the first group, with the ex- coming of such a school ?
Jl-I.ES PUAVIEUX.
ception, however, of M. Albalat, who, in his
book La Formation du Style par I'Assimi-
'
'
lation des Auteurs,' formulates a well-defined
GERMANY.
This author doctrine. The aim of this remarkable book,
literature, as in other things, there are
In
book on this which has had a well - deserved success
in France, is to seek out the methods of years of fruitful harvest alternating w'ith
years of scan ity, and our granaries in Ger-
good writers in tlieir most celebrated
works, to analyze and dissect them with many are this time soniowliat poorly filled.
minute precision, in order to find out by Almost all our bottor-known authors have
what laws they are governed. M. Ernest come before the public with now works, but
Charles in 'La Litt'rature d'Aujourd'hui
'
what they have olTered has proved of com-
is very careful not to appear dogmatic. It paratively small consequence either for their

14
own development or for literature in
artistic
general. And now we
see a strange pheno-
menon asserting itself. As though litera-
ture were an organism, in which if one limb
or organ fails another developes with double
vigour, in precisely the same way writers
hitherto overlooked or little known have
this year come forward with productions
which engage deep and serious attention
and should give new impulses to literature.
It is a long pilgrimage through the book-
market and the dramatic shows of the year.
Much of no real weight or interest presents
itselfand endeavours to attract notice, but
we pass by indifferently with a shake of the
head. We grow weary of contemplating
the multitude of wares turned out by a
mechanical art. But at last, escaped from
the bustle of business, we find some quiet
corner, where only a few things are ex-
hibited, and these few make amends for all
the rest and appeal to our hearts. And to
appeal to the heart that is precisely what
we desire from a new art, once we have
passed through the phase of naturalism.
The majority of German writers are
crowding to the theatre, for there the loudest
applause is to be won. But the few good
productions of the year after setting aside
those of Arthur Schnitzler are to be found
in the realm of romance.
In art there is no such thing as standing
still. All merely technical excellence is
spoilt by poverty of thought, and lack of
genuine matter reacts upon formal skill and
ends by destroying it altogether. Sudermann's
new play, Es lebe das Leben,' shows with
'
terrible clearness how greatly abilities even
of a high order are crippled by the want of
constant spiritual development. The drama
has adultery for its theme, adultery com-
mitted years before, and in order to set the
stone a-rolling Sudermann has supplied a
profusion of forced and insufficient motives
which necessarily hamper the ease and
smoothness of the dialogue. The husband
and the friend who has betrayed him both
belong to the same Conservative party in
the Eeichstag. In consequence of certain
electioneering intrigues the baron's former
intimacy with the wife of his friend is made
a matter of publicity, but the case is of such
a nature that there is still a possibility of
giving the lie to the report. This the husband
and his friend resolve to do, so as to avoid
a scandal and maintain the interest of their
party, which is at this moment publicly up-
holding the sanctity of marriage in Parlia-
ment. Atonement, however, must be made,
even though a duel seems to be out of the
question. Accordingly the friend determines
to take his own life. Only he asks for a
respite, and the guilty wife takes advantage
of this respite to poison herself and so pre-
serve her friend's life by her own death, for
obviously only_ one of them must die if they
are to succeed in avoiding a scandal and keep-
ing their transgression a secret. It does not
here greatly concern me to point out how
feeble the motives are upon which Suder-
mann has based his drama, nor how every-
thing is directed towards the effect of two
particular scenes which indulge in shallow
stage sensationalism a graver fault is the
;
play's inherent lack of truth. In his heart
Sudermann has taken the side of the adul-
terers. They have repented of their error;
more, they have, in his opinion, expiated it
THE ATHEN^UM
by having held their passion in check for
years. He makes the guilty verywoman
naively ask her husband whether she has
not always been a good wife to him, whether
she has not, even though she loved another,
made him happy. Sudermann does not
appear to be conscious that this woman,
whom he represents as a loving wife and
mother, has lived a life of falsehood all these
long years he is not conscious that sincerity
; in the idle display of a technique devoid of
must set limits even to the most extensive
personal freedom. Es lebe das Leben is
* '
not only a poor drama, it is also immoral at
the core, and it is interesting to observe how
Sudermann, the virtuoso what with the
confusion of his subject-matter and the per-
functory character of his mental operations
has also lost the great technical dexterity
which he has hitherto shown.
Technical excellence at present is in the
ascendant. Stage effects are sought by
means of a current and superficial realism
the writer does not search in his own heart
for a subject, but fashions one in cold blood
according to the rules of art, with a strain-
still ing after effect and an eager craving for
sensation. Thus Greorg Engel obtains a
purely superficial excitement in his play,
'
Ueber den Wassern,' by making a flood
burst in upon a fishing-village and swamp
it. The only persons saved are the inmates
of the clergyman's house, and their lives, too,
are threatened by the waters. Face to face
with death, a fanatical young clergyman has
enjoined on him the task of reclaiming a
girl and bringing her to repentance, but he
refuses to do this, on the ground that her sin
is too execrable finally, however, he does
; In all these pieces there is one character
speak to her, and touches her conscience,
but he declares that repentance alone would
be ineffectual to expiate her offence. She
must seek death in the service of others.
This she accordingly does for his sake. No
arguments are required to point out that such
a minister of Christ as this is impossible
every child that has read the New Testa-
ment knows that Jesus Himself has given
the final and indisputable answer to this
" problem." The craving for sensational
effect is no less apparent in the plot of
Felix Philippi's drama Das grosse Licht.'
* little deeper.
Artistic envy and its tragic results supply
him with his theme; he repeats the Marlowe
tragedy, and, spicing the agony with a dash
of ingratitude, works up the passion to an
outburst of madness. He is untroubled by
the consideration that in his play it is an
artistwho envies an architect, and that the
envy, contemptible in itself, is thus degraded
to nothing better than a wholly groundless
grudging of another's success.
The conflict in Max Halbe's play, Haus
Rosenhagen,' has a more genuine ring.
The theme here is desire for the acquisition
of land a desire which has been inherited
for generations by a family of wealthy pro-
prietors, and which they have indulged at
the expense of their weaker neighbours.
The son of the house is about to enter,
literallyand in spirit, upon the inheritance
of his fathers the passion which possessed
; Thus Paul Lindau in his play Nacht und
them is to blaze up in him the enmity
;
which they have sown
bear him strange
is to
fruit. Halbe, however, has not succeeded
in maintaining the situation consistently
to its conclusion. The hereditary passion
scarcely grows to any strength in the son.
He becomes attached to a girl, who plays
; a
N3897, July 5, 1902
heartlessly with his affection the hatred ;
borne against him by his neighbours is
accidentally stirred up in consequence of
certain intrigues and finally he falls a
;
victim to their hostility without ever having
been truly guilty, and without having in his
own soul faced and met his destiny. It is
a melancholy accident not a tragic catas-
trophe. So Halbe's drama likewise ends
real substance.
In the quest for effective situations other
writers, too, have followed the tendency of
the time. Franz Adamus, for example, who,
in his '
Familie Wawroch,' would fain have
given a picture of contemporary social life,,
has stuck fast in the crude and violent
sensationalism of the penny dreadful, and
becomes grotesque rather than tragic. So,
too, with Otto Ernst, whose 'Die grosste
Siinde describes the struggles of an atheist
'
of sincere and strong convictions against
;
society and the Church. The hero refuses to-
be married in accordance with ecclesiastical
forms, but is afterwards compelled by dis-
tress and want to surrender his convictions,
and then commits suicide. The play, how-
ever, offers nothing more than juvenile,
immature conceptions and foolish, unin-
spired tirades. In his cycle of plays, each
consisting of a single act, Ecclesia '
Triumphans,' Puss,' and ' Volksaufkla- '
rung,' Max Dreyer has taken the tendency
less seriously, but in attempting to procuro
satirical effects has only succeeded in being
didactic. Instead of treating his subject
dramatically he has played the pedagogue.
who takes the affirmative position, set
against another who takes the negative, and
the one who represents Dreyer's opinion
finally gets the best of it. Still, the ques-
tions discussed are of a rather delicate
nature Are we to tell our children the
:
story of the stork or let them have the
truth? Is it wrong for people of small
means to bring a numerous family into the
world ? questions which have been asked
innumerable leading-
and answered in
articles. Ecclesia Triumphans
* goes a '
father, A
whose daughter
has lately married, voluntarily puts an end
to himself his son-in-law, a doctor, yield-
;
ing to considerations of his own worldly
interest, determines to falsify his report of
the post-mortem examination, and to declare
that suicidewas committed during a fit
of mental derangement; the young wife
opposes the falsehood with great energy.
Here is provided at least, superficially
dramatic situation, but at the very moment
* when it is to be decided the curtain falls.
Technical excellence being, as I said, in
the ascendant, some authors of the older
generation trouble themselves very little
about the state of the world or the ques-
tionings of their own ego, and continue to
tread the paths in which they met with
successes many years ago, and which still
offer fruitful dividends to the dramatist.
'
Morgen supplies that peculiar combination
'
of the drama of adultery with the romance
of the police-court which he has learnt frona
Sardou. Oscar Blumenthal writes his vapid
comedy Fee Caprice this time in verse,
'
'
which does not show him to greater advan-
tage than before. Adolf L'Arronge contrives

;
'

N3897, July 5, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 15

a purely imaginary situation for his play himself about literary qualities, has uu- modern movement, has written a play with
~ Die Wohlthiiter '

a son-in-law refuses to (^uestionably chosen the better part. the title 'Der Bann.' In it he has drawn
accept money from his father-in-law because The modern movement has been of more the character of a woman who feels that
he has the ambition to support his wife advantage than to the elegant
to the useful she must escape from the husband she does
independently of others and out of it arts; it has, perhaps, favoured "light not love and lly to the friend she has found ;

extracts the usual affecting scenes of the reading " rather than letters. It has her husband tortures and torments her, her
worthy citizen type. It is a mere chance done away with much worthless bombast friend offers her happiness and freedom.
that I have to notice these pieces now and conventionally pleasing characteriza- But she is incapable of following the tempt-
they might have been written just as well, tion ;an aspiration after sincerity has been ing voice and of making herself free, for
or even better, a score of years ago. successfully realized. In this respect the her husband has gained the mastery over
Form and substance ai-e one, all empty work accomplished by Zobeltitz, Wolzogen, her soul, he holds her prisoner in spite of all
technique is bad technique, and the choice and Meyer-Fcirster is, from the standpoint resistance, she is under his ban, and the
of modern forms will not enhance the value of culture, worthj^of no small consideration. attempt to escape only entangles her more
of a work of art. But since naturalism has Meyer- Forster has recently taken up his firmly in the intangible toils in which she
had its day writers have been seeking their light romance 'Carl Heinrich,' in which he languishes. The drama is written by a man
salvation in an affected romanticism, and gave a spirited and humorous account of of infirm health, and the characters are
with this the fairy-drama has become the the brief period of study passed at Heidel- morbid to the core but just as in the ;

fashion. It is a fairy-drama that Georg
Hirschfeld has given us in his Der Weg
zum Licht.' An elf of darkness, who dwells
in the mountain- depths and fashions won-
drous jewel- work the young poet has made
him the mouthpiece of many personal con-
fessions concerning the artist's sufferings
gains power and authority over a fair mortal
maiden. But in the moment when he could
exercise this power and seize upon her for
Lis wife, he renounces her, vanquished
by the thought of her love for a noble
berg by a German crown prince, and by
'
adapting it for the stage as Alt-Heidel- ' extraordinarily acute, so here the heavy
berg has scored the greatest popular
'
success of the year a success not unde-
served. The student life is freshly delineated,
one or two types are very happily hit off,
and the little piece closes with a note of
pensive, perhaps too obviously emotional,
reminiscence. It is, however, not wholly
devoid of personal and individual touches.
In this connexion I may also notice J. V.
Widmann's moderne Antike, Lysander's
delirium of fever the sight may become
and awkward dialogue now and then
contains a sentence which throws a sin-
gular light on the inner life. A similar
attempt is made in Eainer Maria Rilke's
play, '
Das tiigliche Leben,' except that
here it is a youthful poet who is incapable
of coping with the events of common life
and tries to discover vital ideas hidden
behind them. Erich Schlaikjer, in his
' comedy Des Pastors Pieke,' likewise
'

youth ;the renunciation exalts him to a
higher level of being he is transformed
into an elf of light. If Hirschfeld had
worked out the inner development of the
piece, as here indicated, consistently and
dramatically if he had represented the
Miidchen.' It is nothing more than an airy
and elegant conversation in dramatic form,
but the way in which the delicate threads
of the piece are spun together and the bright
and easy play of character show the very
qualities of the gifted Swiss politician.
strikes one or two subtle chords of feeling,
but he is unable to create living and con-
vincing characters. He has had the droll
idea of showing how a parson is taught the
philosophy of life by his cook, a blunt,
plain-spoken woman but the parson is no
;

struggle in this elf's bosom between brutal
desire and the dawning of a loftier and
spiritual conception of love
perhaps he
might have succeeded in producing a work
of art. But he has failed to grasp the
problem definitely in his mind, and in the
fairy tale, no less than in other forms of
art, a clear and tender vision is required.
He has filled the long acts of his drama
with much that is not essential, he has made
the decisive transformation take place in
the course of a conversation, and so it is
impossible to take much interest in his
I turn to another group of authors, in
strong contrast to those of whom I have
spoken. I have hitherto been concerned
only with the more or less dexterous applica-
tion of technical gifts, with the progress of
those who keep on long - trodden paths,
with writing merely for writing's sake or to
win success still, the striving after new
;
forms of expression, the struggle for an art
adequate to our needs, has not been extin-
guished. And the struggle is in itself a
gain, even though no victory be vouchsafed,
especially in Germany, where literature has
better than a shadow, and the philosophical
cook is a bloodless abstraction a purely
theoretical conception. Frank Wedekind
has ventured a step further into the gay
realm of romanticism in his '
Marquis von
Keith,' a play dealing with the fashionable
swindler and adventurer. With a delight
in the grotesque that recalls E. T. A.
Hoffmann he has set his daring figures
dancing like marionettes, has held the
mirror of caricature up to life and death,
has treated tragedy gaily and comedy
seriously but he has fared no otherwise
;

characters, whether of fair}' or mortal mould, almost always been guided by rules of than the rest of those who have sought
even though one cannot help feeling that theory. Lessing once declared that if the theirkingdom outside the limits of this

Hirschfeld has inspired one or the other with choice were offered to him between truth workaday world. The realities of life, at
something of his own personality. After all, and the striving for truth he would ask the which he scoffs, scoff at him in their turn,
it is a far cry from lyric to drama. Felix latter for himself. Well, the struggle for a for he does not recognize the riches they
Dormann also may well have felt this when new art which shall give expression to our hold, his laughter is that of ignorance
he saw his Der Herr von Abadessa on the
'
' inmost being has also its own glory, even rather than of genuine superiority.
stage. Dormann is a talented lyrist, but when not yet forthcoming, and in
success is Gerhart Hauptmann's new play, Der '

the effect of his play was like that of a rote Hahn,' links itself on to his earher
the sphere of drama that is almost universally
spoken opera. Marx Mciller's produc- the case. comedy, Der Biberpelz.'
' To a great
tion, Frau Anne,' likewise gave one the
'
If names and generalizations are held of extent it the old
is characters who once
more make their appearance, and as in the
impression of a very thin and feeble opera any account one might say that all the
former case, so here a crime is the subject
without any trace of music. In this piece plays in which this new aspiration is
the fields of heaven open to our view, a predominant show a leaning towards of the drama. Frau Wolff, the principal
mother finds her dead child again in a romanticism. But perhaps it is not so character in Der Biberpelz,' has married
'

dream, but all that the dead child and St. much their romantic tinge that gives them again after her husband's death, and her
choice has fallen upon the cobbler Fielitz
Peter have to tell her she might have their distinctive character as their endeavour
;

the house in which the two have settled

heard just as well, or better, from the pulpit to get behind the occurrences of everyday
any Sunday in the year, without any celes- life, behind the trivial words which are is insured for a large sum and they deter-
tial fields. An absolutely banal utilitarian- exchanged in daily converse, and so render mine to set fire to it with their own hands.
Whilst they are travelling to Berlin,
ism and doctrine of consolation are echoed the living soul hidden there. The influence
ostensibly for the purpose of making pur-
in the closing strains. In the same way of Maeterlinck, and still more that of Ibsen
chases, the fuse slowly burns away, the
Georg Reicke's '])ie schune Melusine in his later works, is here conspicuous.
steeped in petroleum (at(h firo, and
melt away in heavy, obtrusive, commonplace
s
After distress and calamity of outward cir- rags
philosophizing. Compared with such abor- cumstances have so long been represented soon the whole house is in namo.". A legal
investigation is made suspicion falls upon
tive, strained, and laboured compositions as the factors by which man's destiny is
;

as these dramas on ethereal subjects, Das '

determined, the attempt is once more being an unfortunate idiot, who is, (>( course,
ewig Weibhche,' by Robert Misch, shows made to find that destiny in his own bosom. wholly innocent, and ho is marched off to
prison. It is the old world of the Biber- '

that the author, who has simply aimed at Johannes Schlaf, who, as a forerunner of
pelz,' and yet it is bo no longer with the
entertaining his audience without troubling Hauptmann, belongs to the leaders of the ;

16
arriibt lA mis
iiail'-witted youth a trans-
formation takes placo. His father, after
the boy has thus been taken from him,
gradually becomes conscious that he loves
him he does not believe in his guilt, and
; " I have no wife nor children, good nor bad,
suspects those who have really done the
deed. lie takes an ineffectual pleasure in
discovering fresh arguments to support his
view, and so alarming and tormenting Frau
Wolfl". At last it happens that when he
enters her room yet once more with this
intention, another guest crosses the thresh-
old along with him
Death. The guilty
woman's last hour has come, and, though
the two have no suspicion of this, yet the
consecration that audi an hour uncon-
sciously brings with it deprives their
enmity of its sting. Face to face with
Death, Frau Wolff looks back upon her life.
Littlegood has it brought her,
has she done. And
yet the past spreads
itself out before her in colours that soothe
and console. She wished to accomplish
something that was the force by which
; He is, indeed, deeply affected by the an-
she was impelled. It was impossible to
gain her wish by just and lawful means,
and she therefore had recourse to evil ones.
But to accomplish something that desire
was always strong in her, and in her pitiful
fashion she has after all triumphantly
preserved through wretchedness of one
it
kind and another, and so has given her life
a lustre, very faint, indeed, yet nonetheless
consoling. All this she feels dimly and
uncertainly, as the consecration of the last
hour comes upon her; then Death approaches
and lays his finger on her heart. The
thoughts which here strive forform and
expression are the same as in
former play, Michael Kramer
'
as death
there transfigured the degenerate son in his
father'smemory, so here it transfigures the
woman, whose life has been full of crime. It
is a deep thought, and one drawn from the
sentiment of our own age, that Hauptmann
has indicated in this transfiguring power of
death unfortunately,
it is merely a theo-
retical opinion and remains such even in
the drama. It has not been set forth with
sufficient poetical power to carry conviction.
In Der rote Hahn we cannot follow the
'
'
transition from Frau Wolff the criminal to
Frau Wolff on her deathbed they affect
us as two different people, whose real
natures have nothing in common. Haupt-
mann has failed to give adequate form to
the ideas which have taken possession of
his soul. And as in all his plays, or rather
more markedly than before, his new
still
work_ has suffered from his want of
technique. Important connecting links are
left out in the development of the drama,
non-essential matter is introduced, and the
action advances by confusing leaps and
bounds. Thus ideas, for which the action
of the play has not at all prepared us, are
engrafted on the main theme in a fashion
that appears doubly arbitrary. As a work
of art Der rote Hahn can lay claim to
' '
no great merit. It is interesting because
it testifies to the inner development
of a
serious and strenuous artist, upon whom
the spiritual tendencies of the age, in-
tangible and hard of interpretation as 'they
are, have not been lost.
Arthur Schnitzler also seems somewhat
involved in the bonds of theory at least, in
the first two plays of his dramatic cycle,
THE ATHEN^UM
'
Lebendige Stunden.' Yet they show many
traces of personal feeling, and all of them
have their roots in personal experience. One
is reminded of Burton's confession
to provide for
a mere spectator of other men's
fortunes and adventures, and how they play
their parts which, methinks, are diversely
; sequence of a fresh intimacy which has been
presented unto me, as from a common theatre
or scene."
What, then, is the attitude of
towards life towards the realities by which
he is surrounded, and the destinies which
are linked with his own ? That of a spec-
tator. And not merely of a spectator, but
of one eager to extract matter for his art
out of the sufferings of his neighbours.
Every experience through which he passes
must be put to the service of his art. Thus
little good in the first of these pieces, which gives its
name to the whole cycle, a young poet hears
that his mother has committed suicide so as
to spare him the sight of her sufferings.
nouncement, but, at the same time, he
knows that in his art he has the means
given him to overcome his sorrow. In
'
Die Frau mit dem Dolche the problem is '
deeper. A
Venetian lady has lent an ear
to the prayers of her lover during the
absence of her husband, a famous painter.
Yet she loves the latter only. On his return
she confesses her fault to him, and, out of
the love she bears him, draws her dagger
and stabs her lover with it. In the
moment when she does this her husband
steps up to her unfinished portrait and
paints and paints away at it. All this,
Hauptmann's however, is a mere vision, a reminiscence
'
; of a former experience, a suggestion from a
previous state of existence, which comes
upon a woman of the present time, married
to a poet who has ruthlessly exposed her
inmost thoughts and feelings in a play. She
feels the fate which she has before expe-
rienced gaining ascendency over her once
again, and listens to her lover Here the ! year an individual stamp their verses rarely
artist appears as a vampire sucking the
life-blood of those nearest to him in the
interests of his art. Finely conceived as
these two pieces are, yet their execution
shows traces of laboured thought and
; theoretical design. In 'Die letzten Masken'
Schnitaler has expressed the same thought
with great and convincing artistic power.
The scene is in a hospital. A wretched
actor, on whom death has set his mark,
makes a study of the dying patients with
the object of imitating their expressions and
A writer who has come very
attitudes.
low down in the world, and is now on the
point of death, is seized with an impulse to
send for the companion of his youth, a
celebrated author, whom he hates, and to
proclaim this hatred to the other's face.
The celebrated author does, indeed, come to
his bedside, yet the dying man cannot cast
off this last mask they talk of indifferent
; tion to drama, which has now likewise been
matters, and so the hour slips past.
The
famous author, however, found this peep
into the hospital, and this meeting with
his dying friend, "extremely interesting."
Here is genuine tragedy envisaged
masterly humour, the characterization is
simply and originally worked out, and a
light is flashed upon the depths of the
human heart. Eeality is turned to jest,
jest to reality; and the author has himself
N3897, July 5, 1902
parodied these ideas with no less artistic
power in his fourth piece, Litteratur.' It
'
takes us down among the literati of the cafis.
: Two of these, man and woman, who have
lived together on terms of intimacy, both
they have exchanged with
utilize the letters
each other to furnish forth a novel. In con-
formed in the meantime this leads to much
comical confusion; here, too, "art" and
the artist reality are merged the one in the other,
though, to be sure, only for the purpose of
burlesque. Schnitzler has proved two things
in these new one-act plays of his that h :
draws his creations from his own mental
experience, and that he is, at the same time,
capable of mastering his impressions and
regarding them objectively
both prime
requisites, it seems to me, in all true art.
And perhaps the desire for objectivity is
at present of greater weight with us than
the need of making personal confessions.
In the literature of the year lyric production
is decidedly in the background. No doubt
the volumes of verse yearly thrown upon the
market are numerous enough, yet I cannot
name any author of striking talent who has
recently won renown by means of lyric
poems. And after all it is only the very best
that counts in this kind of poetry. I may
mention that Carl Busse has published a
new volume of verse, in which a true poem
is here and there to be found along with
much flimsy rhyming while Rudolf Presber
;
in his collection Aus dem Lande der
'
Liebe sings many fresh and sprightly
'
strains animated with a charming humour.
A deep appreciation of natural scenery is
apparent in Willy Pastor's poems, Natur '
und Geist '; and in those of the Baroness
Josephine von Knorr there breathes a spirit
of sweet and womanly refinement, though
from the artistic point of view they are of
very unequal merit. But the gifts shown by
these writers have in no case been sufficient
to impress on the lyric production of the
;
exhibit a connexion with the thought and
feeling of the time. And perhaps our need
of lyric emotion and susceptibility to it are
more characteristically shown by the fact
that popular editions and selections from the
poems of Liliencron, Falke, Bierbaum,
this year and
and Dehmel have appeared
secured a large circulation.
Lyric emotion, more or less objectively
treated, manifests itself at its purest and best
in the sphere of fiction. And, indeed, fiction
has now become the power which deter-
mines our artistic aims and the develop-
ment of our literature.
If it may be truly said that the modern
German novel has been enriched by the
lyric strain, which has, indeed, made it a
medium for the expression of psychological
sentiment, yet it is, on the other hand,
threatened with a danger in its approxima-
consummated. Dramatic effects are aimed
at by a multitude of novelists
effects which
can never equal those of the stage, but to
which nevertheless.the steady, inner develop-
,
with ment of the novel is sacrificed. Thus the
Swiss author J. C. Heer writes the history
of Felix Notvest,' demagogue and antiquary
'
in one, who procures for his country a law
protecting its manufactures and a museum of
antiquities. Drama here is joined to drama ;

N%3897, July 5, 1902
the figure of the saintly clergyman is opposed
to that of a "demoniacal" woman, whose
intrigues provide the sensation of the action,
and the series of dramatic scenes thus pro-
cured is intended at the same time to
describe epically the transformation of tlie
village in which Notvest works into a
thriving place of industry. But this
dramatic multiplicity results in no epic unity;
one effect is cancelled by another, the super-
latives weaken each other by their mere pro-
fusion, and the reader forgets the book even
before ho has laid it aside. Ernst von
Wildenbruch has also aimed more at dra-
matic than at epic effects in his Untor der
Geissel.' Spectres are summoned up, Satan
plays his dreadful part, madness is stationed
at the opening of the tale and at its close,
I the colours are glaring and the figures
theatrical, but from the psychological point
of view all this expenditure of energy comes
to nothing. It is much the same with
Eugenie delle Grazie's volume
*
Liebe.'Here, too, striking contrasts are
brought into dramatic opposition, the scene
of action is artificially harmonized with the
events, the atmosphere is skilfully suggested,
but the elaborate and affected style does not
touch the heart. Finally, the reader feels as
though he were set down in a green-room
full of lifeless models, upon which rich
draperies and fancy dresses are arranged.
Two other collections of short stories
be taken as characteristic examples of what
has been accomplished, in the good sense of
the word, in that department of literature
Paul Heyse's 'Ninon und andere Erziih-
lungen and Use Frapan's Schreie.' And
' '
here it is evident how deeply
at once
modern German narrative is penetrated by
the lyric element. In these tales of Heyse
we feel, as it were, the spirit and movement
of a gentle rhythm. There is something in
them that transports one to the realm of
dreams, reality sinks out of sight, old
memories awake, and the sound of the
narrator's voice is heard, hushed and low,
as when one speaks among familiar friends
drawn round about the hearth. The actual
incidents of the stories are very seldom told
at first hand the narrative is almost always
; horizon expands
put into the mouth of a subordinate
character, and almost always years have
elapsed since the event occiirred thus the
colouring is subdued and harmonized. In
one of these tales, Tantalus,' Heyse has
'
treated precisely the same theme as Kipling
in his Light that Failed
'
but while in ' ;
Kipling the main incident, the blinding of
the painter, takes hold of us and thrills us
with absolute directness, it affects us here
with a pensive sadness like that produced
by a melody as it dies away in the distance.
It is otherwise with Use Frapan. Her work
is direct in its character these "cries" are
; her soul, and she thus gains more than
wrung from her by the social sufferings of
the time. Outwardly it might seem as if
there were something dispassionate, strongly
objectivr', almost businesslike in the style
of her narrative, and
in this respect, cer-
tainly, she may be compared to Heyse she
never raises her voice she preserves clear
; most surely.
transparency of form oven when she stirs
the emotions most deeply. J3ut inwardly we
feel how ardent lier sympathy is, how pas-
sionate her interest we are swept into the
; and which afford something like repose after
thick of the struggles of our time, and wo
perceive to what an extent personal experi-
THE A T H E N yE U M 17
ence has here insisted on expression. Tlie circumstances sink into insignificance beside
latent strain emotion is
of lyric all the what is purely psychological. All throe
stronger that it is not put into words. have been written by authors hitherto little
Since Wilholm Meisters Lehrjahre' the
'
known.
educational romance has always been a It is a book of peculiar originality that
favourite in Germany. It results from our Iviccarda Iluch has written in lior sketches
somewhat theoretical outlook upon life that from Aus der Triumphgasse,'
life, '
A
we are continually occupied with the thoughtful, Avarm-hoarted man owns a house
problem of education that we are inclined in the Triumphgasse, a street where the
to regard as an "educator."
life Accord- poor and destitute dwell, where crime and
ingly there is this year no lack of educa- misery lodge side by side. He makes
tional novels, in the wider sense of the word, acquaintance with its inhabitants they ;
and among them are some notable literary attract and repel him. Singular characters
performances. First I mention Felix appear upon the scene in plenty, but
'
Hollander's '
Der Weg Truck,'
dos Thomas Ijife has mado them mean and common ; it
because it has enjoyed
considerable a is as a coarse hand had passed heavily
if
success, but, from the literary point of view, over a sheet covered with delicate drawings.
this insincere and inllated production is These people have had to adapt themselves
of absolutely no consequence. Adolf to their surroundings, and so they have
Wilbrandt's novel, Ein Mecklenburger,'
' cast off the Sunday clothes of their moral
however, is educational in a better sense. being and shuffle along in hideous rags.
It represents work as the great teacher. Murders are committed, young girls seduced
of stories, Certainly the wind which Wilbrandt sets and abandoned the husband takes no care
;
a-blowing to drive his bark so surely to or thought for his wife, he gads about with
the desired haven is somewhat theoretical, other women and exposes his children to
certainly he has conjured into his characters misery. The book has no outward develop-
too much of his own philosophy of life but ;
ment the Triumphgasse is and remains a
;
then he has given his hero a cheerful and place of wretchedness, and if some of the
manly humour, and if we do not actually actors in this pitiable drama leave the stage,
feel his experiences as our own, yet we listen others enter and take up their parts. But
to them sympathetically. It is like leaving beneath the surface there runs a strange
school for the realities oflife to turn from current of events. A vein of romanticism
may Wilbrandt's Mecklenburger to Georg von
'
' descends upon the Triumphgasse and its
Ompteda's C'iicilie von Sarryn,' for here
'
inhabitants. The unreal is fulfilled. Wo
the theoretical purpose is kept in the back- hear now how the murderer became a mur-
ground ; life itself speaks and teaches. derer. He passed one night gallows on
Cilcilie von Sarryn is an old maid late in ; which a corpse hung, heard a whistling and
life she rejects the chance of happiness knew that it was the man upon the gallows
offered by marriage because other duties whistling to him felt how a stranger-soul
:
claim her. She has to take the place of took possession of his soul, and that very
mother towards the orphan children of her night he perpetrated his first murder. Yet
sister. And while she thus assumes the the last word is not spoken by romanticism
office of educator she begins herself to be either a new transformation sets in,
;
educated by life. The children entrusted to We begin to see the souls of these people
her charge supply many experiences which as they originally came forth from the hand
cannot easily be reconciled with her old- of God memories from some former state
;
maidish opinions, but she accommodates of existence stir and rise up within us we
herself to her situation. Necessity stands surmise dimly that they will return to the
by her imperiously and compels her to con- hand of their Creator in pristine purity when
quer self. And while she does so, her mental once the breath of life has left them. For
her figure attains to
; the soul retains its majesty in all the degra-
greatness. From being a martyr to duty dations of life. And, indeed, this is the true
this old maid becomes a heroine of duty action of the book, that all masks and dis-
; fulfilled. The meaning of life and death is guises are stripped off, and souls reveal
made plain to her soul, and she embodies themselves as souls. Behind the phantas-
in herself a complete humanity. And magoria of life stand the eternal forms. So
though the woman thus grows to greatness the Triumphgasse, where poverty and misery
within the limits of ordinary everyday expe- have their homes, is turned into a place of
rience, Ompteda has yet preserved the triumph and festival for the soul. " Allea
original lines of character with great art. Vergiingliche ist nur ein Gleichnis."
Ciicilie von Sarryn was at no time clever, nor I set foot upon the ground of reality
does she become so her intellect, as such,
; once more in Emil Strauss's novel Freund '
can gain no further growth. But life affords Hein.' It tells very simply the story of a
her experience and bestows revelations upon school})Oy who takes his duties seriously,
yet cannot, with all his efforts, succeed in
cleverness
she gains wisdom. Ompteda mastering the ordinary school tasks for ;
has painted the picture of this old maid in his soul lives wholly in music. And the
soft and subdued colours throughout; his growth of this soul under the influences of
portrait is objective. But it is precisely music is marvellously described how nature
when ho depicts the incidents of daily and begins to whisper music in his ear, how his
familiar life that he can touch the heart earliest compositions struggle into shape
from out the depths of liis lieing, how life
And now for the throe books of the year appears to him unreal, music the one
the books whidi have in very truth given and only reality. Finally it comes, as it
our recent literature its individual stamp, were, to a rupture between him and the
commonplace of life. It is no longer pos-
sible for him to live on his hapless soul is
a long pilgrimage through tlio book market. ;
In those three books outward events and lost in the mazes of music. But just at the
9

18
moment when the dissonance between his
inner and the outer world has become
life
unendurable Friend liein (Death) appears
as his deliverer. He is seized with a sort
of home- sickness which fills his brain with
visions of all kinds, and at length conducts
him to the world beyond he takes his own : that this soil will bear fruit in the future,
life. But it is, indeed, as a true friend that
Death presents himself the craving of the ;
soul for repose has become all-powerful.
And so in this novel, too, the claims of
the spirit are higher than those of life,
and since the case stands thus, Death
loses all his terrors.
The author of Jorn Uhl,' the third novel
'
deserving special attention, is Gustav
Frenssen, the Protestant clergyman of a
country village in Holstein. And, as one
might expect, his novel is constructed in
strict accordance with the Christian concep-
tion of life, yet at the same time it takes on
a strongly personal and individual stamp.
It is not merely that his love is greater for
the sinner than for the narrow-minded and
rigidly righteous, but there is also an almost
sensual joy in it. He does not look on
nature as opposed to God he cannot blame ; '
the lovers who on a fair night of May have
given themselves up to each other body
and soul, before the priest has bestowed his
blessing what is according to nature is
;
also, in his eyes, a revelation of the Divine
Being. In this case, too, the course of the
novel is purely psychological. Jurn Uhl,
growing up on a farm which has fallen into
neglect and decay, sets himself at an early
age to a life of toil and labour. But his
soul pines and languishes in such toil. He
struggles hard to keep the property of his
fathers in his own possession, but just as he is
on the point of succeeding fate strikes him
a heavy blow the farm premises are burnt
to the ground. Fate, however, only seems
to take away in reality it gives.
; With the
loss of the farm Jurn Uhl is released from
his drudgery ; he begins to
what it means to live one's
but what does it mean to live one's own
life? Gustav Frenssen gives an answer:
it means to compose oneself in all humility
to accept the dispensations of Providence,
not obstinately to question and examine, but
to submit oneself and trustfully to believe.
In such self-humiliation Jorn Uhl fashions
his life anew he finds compensation for the
;
loss of the woman whom he loved, he finds
the work suited to his nature. In such self-
humiliationhe acquires therichesof thespirit.
In describing the growth
maturity Frenssen also has
keeping his characterization distinct and
individual, and by the side of Jorn Uhl
stand a multitude of vigorous and con-
vincing figures. All of them, perfectly
distinct from each other as they are, have
yet one striking attribute in common they
are all children of the same plot of German
ground. And a singularly defiuite impres-
sion of natural scenery and its influence is
produced by this particular portion of Hol-
stein. The soil is rich in legend
and tale
of faery, and even yet there dwell upon it
men whose hearts forebodingly acknowledge
the sway of supernatural powers. All these
folk feel themselves under the spell of a
mighty fate; and Frenssen has managed to
indicate with wonderful art
bodings become and how a guiding
realities,
'
^1^
li K ATHEN^UM
power, instinct with design, manifests itself
in the dispensations of chance.
Thinking of 'JiJrnUhl,' I see stretched
before my eyes the broad and fruitful
lands of German soil, inhabited by a reso-
lute and vigorous race, and I say to myself
even as it has in the past fruit of many
kinds. Ernst Heilbokn.
GEEECE.
On this occasion I as well begin my
may
yearly summary of Greek
literature with
two works of special philological value, but
also of some general interest. I refer to
'
The Composita of the Greek Language,'
a serious contribution to linguistic history
by G. Tzerepis, and the Glossarial Studies
' thraldom under Turkey the idea of Hellenism
of Prof. G. Chatzidakis, a collection which
contains, besides other papers, his writings
on the etymology of the name Moreas, on the
Greek origin of the ancient Macedonians,
the derivation of the names Messarea and
Mistras, and the linguistic question in
Greece. To bibliography belongs my own
Athenian Book Writers and Book Owners
in the MiddleAges and during the Turkish
Domination,' which supplies accounts alto-
gether of fifty-four " scribae " instead of the
three or four previously known. Prof. Politis
has published the second and third volumes
of his notable collection of proverbs.
Of equal interest are various pieces of
historical writing within the last twelve
months. To this category belong first the
publications of material concerning the Tur-
kish domination and the war of liberation.
Johann Vlachojannis has in his Athenian '
Archives supplied important original docu-
'
ments. His Athenian Analecta may be
'
regarded as a pendant to this book, in which
'
the services and family history of an
Athenian patriot, Panagis Pulos, are also
exhibited from original sources. New light
comprehend on the activity of the Ypsilantis family
own life. Yes, during the war of liberation is thrown by
the anonymous memoirs of Nicholas Ypsi-
lantis, preserved in the National Library of
Athens, which have been published by
Demetrius Kamburoglus. The Historic
'
Archives of Dionysius Ehomas,' by the
same editor, exhibits in a new and abun-
dant way the development at that same
time of a great patriot of the island of
Zante. The naval history of the island of
Hydra during the Eevolution is thoroughly
treated in an addition to the Maraslis Library,
of this soul to a biography of the brothers Jacob and Manuel
succeeded in Tombazis by their descendants. Andreas
(Jhumis has published at Syra the history
of printing in that place since the days of
the war of liberation, with facsimiles of all
the newspapers of the island up to 1900.
Demetrius Paschalis has made an interest-
ing monograph out of the life and works of
one of the most active patriarchs of Alex-
andria (1746-67), known as Matthew of
Andros. The battle of Salamis has been
newly discussed, with technical knowledge,
by the naval officer Pericles Rhediades,
who also considers the question of searching
and excavating under the water. popu- A
lar biography of Alexander the Great, by
G. Sotiriades, is brightly written. Zono
of Citium in Cyprus and his philosophy
how such fore- are the theme of a monograph published
in Larnaca by the Director of the Greek
N^SSOr, July 5, 1902
School there, D. iSarros. A good deal of
attention has been attracted by a history
of Greece from the Roman domination to
the present day, the first volume extend-
ing to Justinian's time. The author, who
writes as Argyris Epthaliotis, and was pre-
viously known only as a writer of belles-
lettresy has called his book ''lo-Topia tz/s
'Vojfj.iiocrwii'i,' and written it in popular lan-
guage. This title and a style unsuitable for
history have been fairly subjected to com-
ment and have damaged an otherwise in-
teresting book. The custom of the Byzan-
tines, who generally called themselves
Romans, does not commend itself to the
people of Greece, as smacking of their
conquerors. Greeks will be Greeks, cer-
tainly not Romans. Even in their bitterest
was strongly impressed on them. This is
shown by Prof. Politis in his Greeks or
'
Romans ? The attempt to introduce into
'
historical description popular idiom only
tolerated in poetry is not in accordance with
the desire of the nation on ethnic grounds
;
the Greeks wish to be purists. So the experi-
ment of translating the Gospel into popular
dialect by Alexander Pallis was regarded as
anti-national and anti-religious, and led last
November to a rising of the students and
people of Athens which ended in fatal scenes
and the resignation of the Government.
This year, finally, the fifth volume of Lam-
bros's great History of Greece has con-
' '
cluded the work.
With the political events of the last
ten years are concerned the AVorks *
of Alexander Byzantioe,' a well - known
publicist, which have been collected into
a volume by his brother after his death.
Here, too, I must mention the publication
of the supplement to the six volumes of
Barth's '
Conversations-Lexicon,' valuable
for the new data it afifords concerning
Greek authors and family history.
Archaeology has seen two notable addi-
tions. The General Director of Antiquities,
Kavvadias, who has for many years con-
ducted the excavations at Epidaurus, has
devoted a special monograph to this seat of
the cult of Asclepius. Similarly Basilios
Leonardo?, who managed the Museum at
Olympia for several years, has written on
Olympia, exhibiting the results of his own
research and also knowledge of foreign litera-
ture on the subject. A
totally novel explana-
tion of the Eleusinian mysteries and the
problems attached to them has been
attempted by the well-known official
Johannes Svoronos.
Belles-lettres are abundant, but not of
importance. Panajotis Zanos has published
three plays, Diogenes Romaros,' Andro-
* '
meda and Perseus,' Comnenus and
*
Theodora.' The last deals with the taking
of Thessalonica by the Turks in 1430.
Nicholas Lascaris has produced various one-
act comedies. A. Nicolaras has written a
beautiful play on Ariadne. The best pub-
lication of the dramatic year is the Aristo- '
demos' of Iv. Angelopulos. Full of feeling
are the first attempts in poetry of a
young lady, Aemilia Kurtelis, entitled
'
Chrysanthema.' The same title is that of
a series of good short stories by Demetrius
Kalogeropulos, who has been the editor for
the last two years of an illustrated periodical
chiefly devoted to art, PinaJcotheca. A pseu

N3897, July 5, 1002
donymous writer Yangos lias mystified people
by an old Eoman manuscript of folk-poetry.
The name of the new Macpherson cannot
bo revealed at present. The poem itself
is not without merit, but has nothing of
Ossian's swing about it. The first place in
helles-lettrcs this year belongs to an old
laureate of the nation, Dionysius Solomos,
whose poems have appeared in the
Maraslis Library in a new critical edition,
with a thorough introduction by Kostis
Palamas. This issue contains unpublished
Italian poems, as Solomos, a friend of
Foscolo, also wrote in that language. The
native place of the poet, Zante, celebrated
this June his centenary and unveiled a
statue in his honour. A Zante committee
have in preparation a new edition of his
works, which will contain unpublished
matter. Srvii. P. Lambros.
HOLLAND.
WiLLEM Kloos, in his preface to the
of Jacques Perk
which have been published
in a most artistic edition
pointedly shows
how versatile a literary critic should be if
he is to be just. A
botanist who, finding
some exotic plant which was not registered in
his books, threw it away instead of joyously
recording his happy discovery, would, he
says, scarcely make himself more ridiculous
than a critic who condemns a work of art
which he is unable to classify at once.
Still, it becomes increasingly difiicult to
classify and value all the strange new
plants which border the paths of literature,
and the botanist of the old type often
stands perplexed. The book which must
puzzle the critic of Holland most this
year is, undoubtedly, Jan Apol's Phaeton '
en de Dwaas' ('Phaethon and the Fool').
It is no more than a common tale of youth-
ful experiences and feelings, but told in a
sort of poetic ecstasy. Men and things in
it take extraordinary dimensions. live
in a world of demigods men students
: Baal. Thus it becomes a work of years and
who can be thoroughly human,
human, but who, the storm over, lift them-
selves above their weakness, strong, smiling
over their aberrations.
To what school or "movement" does
Apol's work belong? This question can
be of interest only to those who believe
in a new movement in literature succeed-
ing that of 1880. The " new generation "
of 1890, who ventilated their ideas in a
periodical, De Arheid {Labour), would cer-
tainly not think of hailing Apol, notwith-
standing his youth, as one of them. They
denied the competency of the Nieuwe Gids ;
they rejected the idea of V art pour Vart the
searching after the beautiful for its own sake,
independently of ideas of morality. Their
prophets were not Potgieter and Huet,
whose reputation the revolutionists of 1880
had left untouched, but Nicolaas Beets and
C'arel Yosmaer, whose influence, apart from
their merits, will remain far inferior to thatof
the former two. The editor of De Arheid, Ed.
Verburgh, would fain make one believe that
the Nieuwe (lidH movement had perished of
inanition that the standard of beauty it had
;
set up had been lo.st
nay, that nothing liad
been left but technical inefficiency. The
evidence brought forward was not very
convincing ; nor did these young writers
sulliciently prove the inevitable connexion
THE ATTTENtEUM 19
(as the}' saw it) between poetry and ethics. before pronouncing an opinion on this at
Thus the poet Carel Scharten, who lent least very
remarkable work.
them his support for some time, sending Some affinity with 'ouperus may per-
(
in poems as well as criticisms, left them haps be traced in Maurits Wagonvoort.
after Yerburgh had proclaimed his low He
also writes novels when travelling
views of poetry, and characterized this pre- allover the world, and he, too, is
tended evolution of the art of 1880 as carried on by the stream of modern
no better than a defective imitation of it. time.
But and here their ways part
Indeed, art for its own sake will always Wagenvoort in his Ploorten ('Snobs') '
'
win the game. As MarcoUus Emants has leaves the standpoint of a dispassionate
it, "Not until the reading public require observer to write a satire on the agents of
from the artist a broader and deeper impres- wars and oppression. The author must
sion of life than they are able to get by have felt this defect, and he has atoned for
their own senses, and ask him to leave to it to a great extent by not excepting oven
the preacher and the teacher what is theirs his hero from the general snobbishness.
not until then will the stream of flippant After all that was said of Styn Streu-
stories dry up." To this principle Emants vels in the review of Dutch literature
rigorously adheres in his own novelistic last year, it suffices to state that his new
works, of which a new one, Inwyding,' *
volume of stories, 'Doodendans,' is up to his
has been published. It has been very well mark. It bristles with life, strange as this
received, the more so because a certain cool- may seem in view of the title (Doodendans
ness and immovability, which have been means Dance of the Dead). Death appears
hitherto characteristic of Emants's manner to be rather an animating subject. Thus
poems of writing, are here giving way to warmer Na Scheiding en Dood' ('After Parting
'
feelings, and Death '), by M. Antink, is so vigorously
A healthy endeavour toput away all and manfully written that it came as a sur-
undue elaboration and only for
to strive prise to the critical world when the author
a pure expression of thoughts and feel- revealed herself as a lady. Again, Droeve '
ings worth uttering is characteristic of Uren,' by Hora Adema, in which men
the works ofCyriel Buysse ('Van Arme fall like flies, is a strong and forcibly
Menschen'), Yan Hulzen (' Zwervers '), written book
too strong, perhaps, for
Brandt van Doorne ('Yerweghe en zijn ordinary nerves, and at least too murderous
Yrouw '), G. van Eckeren (' Donkere Mach- for my taste. We
are in a quieter sphere in
ten '), and, of course, of Louis Couperus, Deemoed,' by J. de Meester, another collec-
'
whose prolific pen this year produced no tion of stories, of which that giving its title
fewer than three solid works. They are all to the book is by far the best. It is a
marked by a singular richness and brilliancy touching tale of a Creole girl, dying of
of form, and show, if anything, that a writer consumption far from her country, without
may be thoroughly imbued with the spirit having been able to finish the letter which
of his time without writing for any special she was writing to her parents. The
purpose. Babel,' the first one, dwells on
' character of the unselfish nurse Clementine
the extreme pains the world of our times is ably drawn, though the book is not free
takes to produce monstrous superfluities. from sentimentality.
The theme is a huge scheme for rebuilding If I add to the four works just men-
the Tower of Babel. It is resolved that this tioned C, H, Priem's De Doode and ' *
We time the tower shall reach the throne of Herman Heyermans's 'Schotsen' good
light newspaper work I have noticed
terribly years, which costs the lives and happiness of the principal collections of short stories,
thousands. But the self-seeking pride of the a genre popular everywhere.
master-builders, who suffer others to do the Eigenhuis has produced rather a weak
J.
hard work, is kept back neither by floods or the book, De Jonge Dominee,' indefinite in
'
fire of heaven, which threaten to destroy the purpose, though marked by the same talent
building, nor by any reasons of sentiment. for descriptions of village life which dis-
The impossibility of reaching heaven by a tinguished his earlier work, Jan Feith's
tower built on the blood of slaves is at Zondeval shows less taste than audacity,
*
'
length acknowledged by Cyrus, a shepherd's and less patience than taste. If the young
son of royal descent who had joined the author had spent more care over his
builders. He leaves them when it dawns on tlieme the result might have been better.
him that their labour leads to no other TJiis might be said also of Querido's
goal than the unreasonable glorification of Levensgang,' different as it may bo from
'
a few and when he communicates this dis-
;
the last-named book. It is a social novel,
covery to the enslaved multitude, a flower, the style and diction of which have lost so
the flower of mercy, springs up from the much of their grace on account of the
hard granite of the tower, a miracle which author's tendency to scold men and things
surpasses the dazzling enterprise of man. that the book has been described as "an
'
De Booken dor Kleine Ziolen is a tetra- '
indigestion of language."
logy, two volumes of which have now The learned Smelfungus, according to
appeared. Here Couperus docs not dwell Sterne, returned from his travels without
on the mechanism of the world, but on the one pleasant anecdote to toll. In a similar
mechanism of the soul, especially of base way the much admired Mrs. Kloos, who
and weak characters. The title definog the writes under her maiden name of Jeanne
author's aim very well. In the second volume, Jioynoke van Stuwo, has travelled through
which is called 'Hot Late Leven' ('Delayed life without finding one notable thing to
Life '), are exhibited .some of thoso incom- say, or one single interesting experience
plete characters working thomsolves up to to talk of. Her books, 'Hot Kind,'
an existence which may bo called life, or '
De Hoor van and Eon
de State,' '
wliich at least comes near it, thougli it Tiiefdosgoschiodenis,' never go l)eyond
comes late. Wo must wait for Book 111. the mere outside of things, and the

20
heroes <and lieroines if such may be
called tlio indiiTerent people she describes
seem to have no better occupation than
flirting and gossip. Balls, engagements,
and weddings fill upThose
their lives.
events succeed each other with monotonous
regularity, acicompanied by the inevitable
descriptions of dresses and homely things,
and chronicled with the forced cheerfulness
of a third-rate guide-book.
It is quite refreshing to turn from these
products to the excellent monographs on
Huygens, Ilooft, and Oamphuyzen, by
Dr. G. Kalff, a series which brings these
seventeenth-century poets nearer to us. The
counterpart of this series is Dr. Ch. van
Deventer's 'HoUandsche Bellettrie' of the
present day. He is especially attracted by
the psychological element in literature, and
is ready to forgive many faults as to form
and plan, and even as to the exposition of
character, if only the author is thoroughly
in earnest, and the spirit of his work is sym-
pathetic.
Thus these essays may be viewed as a
sequel to the literary and psychological
criticisms of Busken Huet. However, Mr.
van Deventer no doubt must have felt the
charm of the work of those who have suc-
ceeded Huet and felt the influence of the
;
purely literary criticisms of De Nieuwe
Gids, the passionate and militant essays by
Yan Deyssel, which were all but lyric prose,
and the extreme attachment to form dis-
played by Kloos and Verwey. All this has
added to, changed, developed literary criti-
cism. Huet, whose contemporaries are still
among the living, is becoming somewhat
obsolete and his name already belongs to
history. Potgieter's 'Brieven' ('Letters')
to Busken Huet have been received by the
present generation chiefly as an historical
curiosity. This, of course, does not in any
way diminish their value. They take us
straight into Potgieter's much admired
Amsterdam they excite our admiration
; Mr. Royaards, and others will win so wide
for his many-sided literary and linguistic
knowledge ; they give a curious insight
into his editorship of Be Gids, and his
part in the Dutch politics of those days.
But their special worth is that they tell the
tale of his most intimate friendship with the
witty and gifted Busken Huet, of whose
private literary life too little is known.
When, in 1925, the other part of the corre-
spondence, Huet's letters to Potgieter, is
allowed to appear the public curiosity
in this respect will be satisfied to a large
extent.
An exceptional publication is 'Beatrys,' a
Flemish legend of the fourteenth century,
illustrated by Ch. Doudelet. That a repro-
duction of an old manuscript (the original
is in the Royal Library at The Hague) should
appear in Holland is almost as great a
miracle as that on which the legend dwells.
Not more than 250 copies have been printed
in a style highly commendable, only to be
compared with the excellent work of the
Kelmscott Press.
In poetry, after some years of consider-
able dearth, new life is evident. There is
Dr. van Eeden's Passielooze Lelie,' poems
'
which are notable for their sweetness and
thoughtfulness. This new book has greatly
added to Van Eeden's popularity as well as
to his fame. Less popular, though not less
in craftsmanship, is Dr. J. B. Schepers's
TITK ATJTENilUJM
'
Bragi,' which has been very well received.
C. Scharten, Albert Verwey, and 0. C.
van 't Hoog liave again published more
or less meritorious poetry. An interesting
event of the year has been the appearance
of political songs of the time by the
3'oung C. S. Adama van Scheltema, a
Socialist, grandson of a well-known public
man. Uit den Dool' he calls his inspirit-
'
ing songs, which, in spite of some tasteless
metaphors and rough expressions, cannot
fail to charm his partisans, who, it must be
said, in this country are not spoilt in the
matter of poetry. Again there is marked
progress in his work, and his latest little
book, Van Zon en Zomer,' is full of fresh
'
poetic life.
On the stage Herman Heyermans is
now triumphant. His works are so well
written that in reading them one has no
difficulty in forgetting their doubtful dra-
matic merit. His latest work, Ora et
Labora,' is little more than a melodrama
(which probably accounts for its success on
the stage), but the dialogue is very clever.
Heyermans meets life with a laugh and
a sneer, but he renders it with a sigh and a
tear, to please the "pit." Brandt van
Doorne's 'Kritiek' and Werkstaking' areas'
good-humoured and witty as W. A. Paap's
'
Koningsrecht is sharp and sarcastic.
' which is calculated to increase his deserved
Dramatic art in its various aspects is de-
cidedly progressing, partly under the con-
straint of adverse circumstances. For though
the members of the Royal Netherlands
Theatre("Het Nederlandsch Tooneel") are
travelling about like the troubadours of
olden days, refreshing us as did Mrs.
Holtrop van Gelder this winter by reciting
the best poems of our literature, old and
new, they have been obliged to do so
on account of the limited financial means
of that institution. This may be far from
an ideal state of things, but it is to be
hoped that on their tours Mrs. Holtrop,
a sympathy for their profession that the
evil will work for good in the end.
H. S. M. VAN WlCKETOORT CrOMMELIN.
HUNGARY.
Fiction has been at an extraordinarily
low ebb during the past twelve months so
much so that only two novels and three
volumes of short stories deserve mention.
Our leading " drawing - room " novelist,
Ferencz Herczeg, who usually writes about
dashing lieutenants and charming ladies,
has made a thorough change with his
Heathens,' a ripe and rich romance with
'
an historical background. Here all the faults
of his former manner are gone, and all its
excellences are retained, with the addition
of new artistic qualities. It created a
sensation to see Herczeg's name coupled
with a very vigorous and thorough romance
of the eleventh century. Its success was
general and well deserved. The only other
novel worth noticing is Dezso Malonyay's
The Tartod Bear-hunting,' the scene of
'
which, like that of nearly all his novels,
is laid in Transylvania. It must be pro-
nounced one of his best productions the
more so as in it he successfully tries to rid
himself of the imitation of the French
manner which was manifest in most of his
former books. The heroine is a beautiful
N^.SSQZ, July 5, 1903
girl, Qituci, who resists the temptations
placed in her way to become the sweetheart
of a crown prince. A
Hungarian savant
flourishing in hidden places like the violet,
and later alderman, chief commissioner of
police,
farmer, &c. of the name of Bela
Szivos has recently surprised his countrymen
by a volume of short stories and sketches,
entitled Insignificant Tales
'
a collection '
of masterly, original, thoroughly Magyar
narratives and descriptions, a storehouse of
genuine individualities, queer moods, and
strange backgrounds. It is sincerely to be
hoped that, as he has given up farming to
become a journalist and writer, he will
delight our reading world with many a crisp
"national" piece of work. An eminent
critic has dubbed him " the Hungarian
Gorky." Ede Kabos's Wanderers,' a '
volume of short stories, resembles iSzivos's
book inasmuch as it deals with strange
'
people in curious situations and does not
move on well-beaten paths but the milieu ;
and manner are totally different. In at-
tractiveness it equals Istvan Biirsony's
'
Living Pictures,' which are as full of
intimate charm as anything Barsony has
published.
The best volume of poetry this year is
Lajos Bartok's Hope and Remembrance,'
'
popularity. It contains verse of fiery
imagination, rare beauty of form, and
patriotic elevation. Next rank Sandor
Feleki's wonderful translations of some of
Nikolaus Lenau's poems. They create the
impression of being the actual verses of a
great writer. Feleki, whose excellent Wan- *
dering Clouds I noticed a year or two ago,
'
knows how to find the best equivalents for
the rendering of the celebrated German's
varying moods, melancholy as well as
exultant, tender as well as fiery. This col-
lection is doubly interesting as Lenau was
born in Hungary and sang of many
Magyar matters.
On
the stage no play of literary value has
had a lasting success still, several really
;
good dramas and tragedies have been pro-
duced. Jeno Rakosi, one of our most
renowned playwrights, broke his ten years'
silence
caused by the editorship of a pro-
minent dail}- with Queen Tagma,' a half-
'
historic, half-legendary and fanciful tragedy,
strongly influenced by Shakspeare and the
Greek classics a romantic and powerful
:
piece of work. Full of thrilling incidents
is Lajos Palagyi's Roman drama in verse,
The Slaves.' The verse is very fine, and
'
the pictures of the times of Nero are
vigorous. This play gained one of the
prizes of the Hungarian Academy of Science.
Gyiirgy Vero's "dramatic poem," entitled
Cain,' treats a Biblical theme which has
'
enticed many playwrights. Vero's play is
distinguished by its substitution for envy of
ill-fated love for a woman as Gain's motive
for slaying Abel
the love of both brothers
for one sister. 'Cain' marks its author's
transition from the writing of light operettas
and sueh like to the construction of serious
plays. He has not as yet overcome all the
obstacles usually encountered in transitions
of this conspicuous sort, but already shows
qualities of high promise for the future.
In the field of festhetics, biography,
literary and art history, &c., nothing note-
worthy has been published. As for history,
 a '

N-'SSOr, July;"), 1002 T TT K A T IT E N jK V M 31

I must mention Prof. Mavki's sumptuous book by adding a list of the

his interesting
volume, The Memorial of King Matthias
'
more popular aids to forming new Magyar
Corvinus,' consisting of over twenty chapters words.
on topics connected with that greatest of Our leading educational
Hungarian monarchs, written b}' as many ham Lederer, has issued three small, but
specialists of note, s\ich as Jokai, Viimbory, excellent volumes on (questions of pedagogy
Marczali, Berzeviczy, Sec, and hundreds of viz., The Psychology of Corporal Punish-
'
suspect that it was buiii^'- lunitnl.( I'oople
thought they wore going to the conferences
to have an intellectual treat, and discovered
authority, Abra- that the majority of these later lecturers,
besides being tedious, could not tell them
anything new or out of the way. Then this
sort of literature fell still lower it bo-
;

grand illustrations, among the rest reproduc-
tions of some famous foreign pictures and a
fine drawing contributed by Walter Crane,
who made a prolonged stay in Budapest last
year and met with a most cordial reception.
I cannot help thinking that political
economy has given us, with two or three
exceptions, the most excellent books of the
year. Jenii Kunz's masterly work on
'
Labour has created a sensation among
' theoretically to support a fictitious free will
our scholars, for it contains much that is
new, and presents the theory of work in all
its many bearings
economic, legal, historic,
&c. in the clearest and best possible way.
This treatise, which has been proposed for
an Academy prize, would make a good show
in any language. Prof. Bela Fiildes, whose
great work on Social Economy '
I had
the pleasure of mentioning nine or ten
years ago, has issued two stout volumes of
meritorious Essays on Political Economy,'
'
in which he reaches the standard of modern
research and shows anew his well-known
encycloptedic versatility. Bela Ambrozovics
has just published a most interesting
pamphlet on The Consumer's Pent
' '
designation proposed by Marshall a few
decades ago for Dupuit's discovery of 1854.
Ambrozovics had already in 1884 pro-
pounded an important thesis to the effect
that the progress of consumption depends
on cheapness in his present booklet he
; and worth of the true art that is disclosed.
completes and rectifies Dupuit's and Mar-
ment' (contending that flogging is utterly
useless, nay, harmful, in modern pedagogics),
'
On Presence of Mind from Anthropo-
logical and Educational Points of View
(aiming at teaching teachers to lay stress
on independence of mind in the education of
pupils), and The Will,' in which he main-
'
tains and proves that in reality there is no
free will, and that it is wrong for educators
and, at the same time, act virtually as if
there were none. He considers the ques-
tion from all sides
ethical, pedagogic,
anthropological, &c.
and puts forward
much that is new, the result of his
own mature thinking and fifty years of
educational practice in eminent positions.
' A model of local history is Zsigmond
Kulinyi's big work, The New Age of '
Szeged' the
great Hungarian city which
was entirely destroyed by an enormous
inundation of the Tisza river in 1879, and
has since become the finest provincial centre
in the whole country. I conclude by
mentioning Henrik Korosi's useful collec-
tion of the Selected Speeches ' of Count
'
Albert Apponyi, the well - known and
popular Hungarian politician and present
Speaker of our Diet.
Leopold Katscher.
ITALY.
came the sport of the brazen - faced and
the novice in search of applause. This is
why in Italy to-day conferences have be-
come like the bicycle. People of good
tastego on horseback or in motor cars.
same might be said of the theatre,
Tlio
the decadence of which is universally
lamented. The famous " realism " or
" naturalism " which was one of the most
fatal fosthetic illusions of the past century
has caused comedy to fall headlong into the
mire of " pochade." Now
the theatres are
full translations from the French of
of
comedies the subjects of which are generally
lewd, with improbable plots, in which are
jumbled incidents of dubious humour and
scenes grotesquely salacious. Passion is
not the subject of these productions, but
rather sensual caprice. Woman is no longer
the pi'otagonist, rather the harlot who
sells smiles and love. And the scene is
always in the centre of all the refinements
and all the corruptions. Poetry has deserted
the theatre, and with it moral elevation.
From time to time some nobler voice attempts
the resurrection of ideals that seemed to have
disappeared for ever, and the public, at
first incredulous and scei)tical, little by little
allows itself to be won over to that new and
marvelloiis language to which it is unaccus-
tomed, and finally comprehends the value
This has been the fate of the Francesca da
'

shall's statements, and then uses them to Were productiveness in literature, as Rimini of Gabriele d'Annunzio, which
'

prove the correctness of his own thesis,
which he compares to a frame within which
evolves the whole world of economics.
Particular importance must be assigned
to Eustem Vambery's latest and biggest
work ; it is entitled '
The Protection
Marriage in Criminal Law.' In two volumes
he reviews the penal marriage laws of all
ages and countries concerning adultery and
kindred subjects. His list of sources com-
prises no fewer than four hundred and
fifty works in a great many languages. It
in agriculture, subject to meteorological
influences, it would not be a matter for
wonder that the past two half years have with
us been periods of little fecundity. Yet it
is a fact that in Italy the atmospheric
of depression has accompanied the intellectual,
pari passu. We
have experienced a period
of lassitude, of languor that shows no sign
of passing away. Last year also I had to
utter the same lament and draw attention
to an identical phenomenon. At that time,
however, if bibliographical productiveness
at first suffered from excessive adver-
tisement. There was too much talk in
the newspapers of the mise en seme, of the
theatrical apparatus of the new drama. In
Italy one was not accustomed to such
opulence, to so faithful a reproduction of
the surroundings of mediajval history. Even
in the brilliant period of our tragic theatre,
when Ristori and Salvini trod the stage,
when, for the centenary of Dante in 186"),
they appeared with Ernesto Rossi in the
'
Francesca of Silvio Pellico, the costumes
'

is destined to become a first-rate standard was deficient, there were various other forms were poor and conventional, the scenic
work. Legal history, comparative juris- of literature which showed a certain vitality, decoration wretched. The scene-painter
prudence, ethnography, and social economy a certain interest and sense of alertness. did not then make use of the means avail-
are brought to bear on the subject in a This year, on the other hand, those mani- able to-day, a wise and new distribution of
most conscientious and many-sided manner. festations have either diminished or lost all lights and colours. The trap was either in
As remarkable in its way is the Dic- '
importance. We
are witnessing a fatal the shade or was boldly lit up with jets of
tionary of the the Magyar
Revival of decadence in various branches of literature, gas. The scone was not closed at the sides ;

Language,' by Kalman Szily, the learned and the public is getting rapidly disgusted the side-scenes to the right and left of the

secretary- general of the Academy of Science.
The language in question, being extremely
rich in suffixes and affixes, lends itself
more than almost any other to modelling
and remodelling. The nineteenth century
was especially active in this respect, nearly
every writer and savant forming new words;
by a sense of satiety and nausea. Lectures spectator were in the form of curtains, and
or conferences, for instance, have become a remained fixed even when the scone repre-
veritable nuisance, a public calamity. No sented a garden or the open country. As in
one any longer desires to listen to them, the modiipval mystery plays, the imagination
whether he be invited or (as Leopardi pro- of the spectator supplied the rest, and the
posed) paid something to lend his ears and skill of the actors made up for all de-
patience. ficiencies.

and since the era of renewed national And was natural that this should
it In his 'Francesca' D'Annunzio wished
independence i.e., for the last thirty- five happen. At first lectures and conferences to prove that a work of art, as rogardfs the

years there has been a vigorous and suc- were the work of men of good taste and public, the subject, and poetry itself, should
cessful endeavour to substitute new Hun- groat and varied knowledge, who under- be represented with the aid of whatever
garian words for the numerous foreign ones stood the attractions required to entertain may serve to make its value and purpose
more particularly Latin, (rorman, and the public and instruct it unawares. After- best understood. What in done elsowliero

French which had crept into the lan- wards there arose, not, indeed, emulation, when the plays of
done
Sliakaponro are acted,
hy gruiKliose
I'Vanco
guage. The results of these purifying but mad competition the methods, or, in
;
what is in
dramatic roproKcntation, might at least bo
movements Herr Szily treats in a most mercantile phraseology, the fenns, were
attractive way. He increases the value of falsified. And then the public began to attempted for an Italian drama. Ami the
 22 THE ATHENiEUM N3897, July 5, 1902
jioot, witli tho tasto of an artist and tlie of life and of history." Marradi is now young and industrious Livornese writer,
patience ol' a scholar, dotorminod to aoarcli recognized as a poet of evoryduy life, as wlio has a wide knowledge of foroigu
out and study every minute detail of he is acknowledged on all hands to be a literature, has also chosen to collect,
costume, furniture, and scenery, in order to marvellous artificer of verso, a vigorous under the title of '
Da Ronsard a Ros-
supply correspondingly faithful pictures of word -painter. To read his songs is to tand,' some excellent specimens of French
the troublous life which he evoked by the enjoy sweet and strong music, to hear once literature. In like manner, also, a
breath of his poetry. The novelty of the more all the beauties of classic art express famous professor, Bonaventura Zumbini,
thing, the uncertainties of the first repre- our deepest feelings, the Olympic illusions is publishing his valuable '
Studj Leopar-

sentation at the Costanzi in Eome, in the which atone for what he calls " the pallid diani.' Well worth mention
is the volume
battle scene, the dense and malodorous melancholy of the world." So long as Italy of Giacinto Stiavelli, entitled Garibaldi '

fumes of the Greek fire, made with resin,
filled the theatre with smoke, and rendered
the actors speechless militated against the
success of the drama. The literary and
political enemies of the author, tho envious,
whose name is ever legion, had made
common cause to decry both the piece and
the poet but they were not successful. For
; writer, has published a volume entitled
the drama, after these initial uncertainties,
received a steadily increasing applause,
has such artists, we need not despair of her
future.
In the field of
of extraordinary value.
are either resting or have gone to sleep.
There are not wanting novelists, graceful,
witty, interesting. Orazio Grandi, a Tuscan
'
Silvano e altre Novelle.' Matilde Serao
has also brought out a volume of Lettere
nella Letteratura Italiana.' Dante litera-
ture,which grows in importance yearly, has
romance there is nothing been enriched by the seventh volume of the
The best writers '
Poesie di 1000 Autori intorno a Dante
Alighieri,' edited by Carlo del Balzo, a
Radical deputy who is fond of more serious
study, and who, like Alfredo Baccelli, now
Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and
the recent editor of a fine critical study on
' the Candelajo of Giordano Bruno, shows
' '

which was confirmed at Florence, at d' Amore,' full of passion and ardour. that literature and politics may go together.
Bologna, at Turin, at Milan, and at Trieste, Federico de Eoberto, an acute psychologist, It gives me pleasure to mention that the
where success became a triumph. The has chosen to study Come si Ama in '
' Hon. William Warren Yemen's Readings '

audience felt that they were in the presence of essays concerning Mile, de Lespinasse, on the Paradise of Dante are highly '

a work of art they breathed as it were that

; Rousseau, Goethe, Napoleon, Lassalle, appreciated by the most learned Dante
air of bygone times, so full of perfumed Balzac, and Bismarck. I subjoin the titles scholars in Italy.
breezes, where the warm blood spirting forth of several romances drawn from life, among Political history displays its activity in
waters the beds of flowers, where the sweet which the best are the '
Servetta ' of Regina several creditable works. The Collezione
scents of poetry mingle with the acrid odours di Luanto, the }iom de guerre of a fair lady Villari has been enriched by a volume on
of battle. The faithful and vigorous repro- who has the courage to face the most diffi- '
Giuliano 1' Apostata,' by Senator Gaetauo
duction of those scenes of mediroval life cult situations II Capolavoro,' by the well-
;
'
Negri. To the Collezione Vallardi two good
struck by its boldness the mind of the known novelist Giustino L. Ferri and ;
works have been added, the Storia delle '

ordinary public, and was very favourably '

Quando il Sogno e Finite,' by the prolific Preponderanze Straniere of Ettore Cal- '

received by graver critics. Isidoro del Giuseppe de Rossi. gener- Among volumes legari, and the Storia del Risorgimento
'

Lungo, one of the most learned and pro-
found authorities on the period, which was
that of Dante, was constrained to write in
the Mwva Antologia pages full of admira-
ally readable I may mention the Novelle ' Italiano' of Raffaello Giovagnoli. Francesco
e Paesi Valdostani of G. Giacosa II Ritorno ' ; ' Guardione has made a notable contribution
dell' Aretusa,' by that graceful and whole- to our knowledge of more recent events by
some writer Enrico Castelnuovo and Scari- ;
' his study II Dominio dei Borboni in
'

tion for the drama of the poet of Abruzzo. calasino,' a humorous volume by Alberto Sicilia dal 1830 al 1861.' Domenico Orano,
The judgment of Del Lungo is still more Cantoni, the original and trenchant wit of a young man of ability and of some promise,
strongly confirmed by the reading of the which deserves praise. has collected con amore essays and docu-
tragedy, which was published at the end of The theatre, to continue in the field of ments on the famous Sacco di Roma del '

last March with a studied and beautiful fiction, has seen two successes in the plays 1522,' and has published 'I Ricordi di Mar-
elegance of type, accompanied by a dedication '
Romanticismo,' by Girolamo Rovetta, the cello Alberini.' Carlo Errera displays much
and an " envoy " in verse which are among well - known novelist, and Sperduti nel * diligence and learning in his L' Epoca delle '

the most exquisite inspirations of the poet. Bujo,' by Roberto Bracco. Grandi Scoperte Geografiche.' Ermanno
I continue to speak of poetry, before Passing on to examine critical writing, I Loevinson, of the Royal State Archives in
undertaking the usual bibliographical may mention several works that are full Rome, has applied to more recent history
ramble through the field (somewhat arid of vigour. The literary history of Italy now the scholarly severity of research, and
this year) of Italian literature. Of original numbers many brave devotees who labour produced a valuable study on 'Garibaldi
works we can boast of nothing besides the methodically with a love of research. e la sua Legione nell' Agro Romano.' A
* Francesca,' the artistic importance of which Francesco d'Ovidio, one of the masters of very promising young man has revealed
transcends the bounds of this modest review. criticism, has published his Studj sulla ' himself in two essays that have been awarded
We have, indeed, seen published during the Divina Commedia,' which constitute one of prizes, I Trattati Commerciali della Re-
'

year two collections of poems of the highest the most valuable contributions to modern pubblica Fiorentina and the Istituzioni '
*

value. The first, in a brief volume, offers Dante literature. This book of D'Ovidio's Giuridiche Medioevali nella Divina Com-
an abridgment of the whole of the works has been widely studied and discussed by media 'these have immediately made the
;

of Giosue Carducci, one of the best of living
Italian poets, certainly the most powerful
poetic voice of which Italy can boast since
Foscolo and Leopardi
fifty years of in-
the most competent authorities, and is name of Dr. Gino Arias well known,
recognized generally here as a work of I must now mention in passing several
the first importance. Another book of other important volumes, such as the
singular value, which proves how study is '
Episodi del Risorgimento Italiano of '

spiration, through so many battles of the carried on in a uniform scientific style, is General Giacomo Durando, whose name has
sword and of the pen, through so many the Raccolta di Studj Oritici dedicati ad
' shone in the annals of this country: the
diverse events, in which there ever shines, Alessandro d'Ancona,' by his scholars, in '
Scritti Politici e V Epistolario di Carlo
like a star, the religion of the fatherland, of honour his jubilee as teacher at the
of Cattaneo,' edited by Jessie W. Mario and
that Italy which arose like a radiant vision University of Pisa. This uniformity and Gabriele Rosa the studies on Judaism,
;

of poets and martyrs, and has since be- seriousness of aim also appear in the Paganism, and the Roman Empire by
come grosser through an excess of material *Storia Letteraria d' Italia scritta da una Raffaele Mariano a useful selection of
;

things. A
worthy alumnus of the old bard,
Giovanni Marradi, presents in a handsome
volume the best of his songs and works of
imagination. Of Marradi, a Livornese, his
Societa di Professori,' in which collection '
Pensieri, Sentenze e Ricordi di Uomini
there has now appeared a volume on the Parlamentari,' compiled by Edoardo Arbib;
Settecento of Tullo Concari.
' '
and the important monograph of Prof.
Besides works of greater weight one Alessandro Paoli on La Scuola di Galileo '

master had already written that he had must not forget collections of various nella Storia della Filosofia.' This essay
" the gift of full-throated song, the inspira- writings and monographs. reminds me of the national edition of the
Isidoro del
tion of melody," and it was great praise; Lungo has brought together in one volume '
Opere di Galileo,' which has now reached
but he has, especially by his Rapsodia'
his Oonferenze Florentine,' and
fine ' the eleventh volume by the publication of the
Garibaldina,' shown that he is able to sing, Annibale Gabbrielli, a sturdy Roman critic, '
Epistolario.' Talking of letters, I record
and sing well, of " the profound intuitions his Scritti Letterari.'
*
Guido Menasci, a with pleasure those of our great historical

N3897, July 5,
father, Muratori, collected and published
by Matti'o 'ampori, auothov volumo of
(
which has appeared, and the Epistolario
luedito di (f. Kfazziui/ published by Ernesto
Nathan, which is one of the most valuable
documonts for the history of the Italian
revolution. I ought now to refer to a work
that has caused much greater stir than it
merits namely, the 'Graudezzae Decadenza
di Eoma' of Gruglielmo Ferrero. But it
will suffice to say that it is inspired by the
most absolute historical materialism, and
that the effort to approximate the doings of
ancient times to those of modern days
detracts from the gravity of the subject, as
well as from certain charms of picturesque
evidence in the narrative. What is to be
said of an historian who speaks of the trusts
of the Eomans ?
I prefer to reread the Storia di Eoma of '
Theodor Mommsen in the splendidly illus-
trated edition that Ettore Pais has brought
out in parts. I prefer to read the essays of
the learned lady academician, the Countess
Ersilia Caetani Lovatelli, who has collected
her archoeological writings under the title of
'Attraverso il Mondo Antico'; and to an-
nounce the Corpus Nummorum Italice
'
which King Victor Emmanuel is preparing,
and which will comprise ten volumes,
describing 60,000 coins, of which at least
50,000 are in the possession of the august
numismatist. I must notice also the learned
reproduction in collotype of the Pan-
dette Florentine,' made under the auspices
of the Commissione Ministeriale and the
Biblioteca Mediceo-Laurenziana, in which
is preserved this precious collection.
Of writers on art there is a good handful
an essay by Luigi Bailo and Gerolamo
Biscaro on the Vita e Opere of Paris
'
Bordone a good volume by G. T. Eivoira
;
on 'Le Origini dell' ArchitetturaLombarda';
a valuable study by the indefatigable J. B.
Supino on Era Filippo Lippi, very daintily
illustrated by Alinari and a learned essay
; eccentric daughter of a prince, but conven-
on San Giovanni by the famous Aristide
'
'
Despotti Mospignotti, who is an authority
on the subject of ancient architecture. I
may notice in the last place the monograph
of Lucd Beltrami on the Sala delle Api,'
decorated by Leonardo, and discovered and
restored by Beltrami, in the Castello at
Milan.
Among scientific works deserving of
special mention are a patriotic and wise
essay by F. S. Nitti on Italia all' Alba del
'
Secolo XX.' several volumes of the Biblio-
;
teca di Scienze Moderne," among which may
be particularized the study of the young
lawyer Giuseppe A. Morelli on La Muni-
cipalizionedei Servizi Pubblici and,
finally,
the essay of Ettore Zoccoli on I
Gruppi Anarchici degli Stati Uniti e
r Opera di Max Stirner.'
Of books of travel there is great abund-
ance. Arturo Galanti and Ugo Ojetti have
described Albania' in two lively volumes.
Francesco Cerone, a Neapolitan authority
on Chinese matters, deals with that astute
politician Li - Hung - 'hang and (
Politica
Cinese in the second half of the nine-
' passed through the torments of hell, at last
teenth century. Gaetano Prinetti publishes
in French a curious little book of reve-
lations on Monte Carlo and the famous
gambling saloon. Gemma
describes a journey
made by her
Amazon district in the picturesfiuo pages
:'
1902 THE A T H E N yE U M 28
entitled 'Nostra Signora del ^[ar ])oh;o.' episodes from dilTorent periods of our
A travel book of roal importance will bo past histor}' with groat skill in form and a
'
published next October. I allude to the wealth of exciting incldont. K. (ilinski
'
Nord of the Duke of the
^ i'^ftgio ^^ l^olt) '
has likewise drawn upon history, not so much
Abruzzi, who some days ago, in the guise for the subject as for the colouring of
of an author, entered Milan to hand to the his tale, 'Mr. Philip of Konopie.' The
publisher his manuscript. hero is a kind of Polish Don Quixote,
Great beauty of type and illustration a worthy gentleman who is perpetually
makes the handsome volume by Achillo bringing calamities upon himself by reason
Bertarelli and David Henry Prior on of his impossible ideals. The author ha8
'
Gli ex-libris a desirable possession to all
' given a vivid account of his hero's fortunes,
book-lovers and for the new year useful
; and writes with individuality and humour.
surprises are in store for us, like the Student life in its most modern phases has
'Bibliografia Dantesca del Secolo XIX.,' been described by E. Paszkowski in hia
which has been entrusted to the right man '
Nigh to Heaven,' by S. Pytlinski in his
in the person of the Count G. L. Passerini. '
Colleagues,' and by T. Konczynski in
Now, to conclude, I pass from books to his tale 'On the Track of Melancholy'
congresses and commemorations. In July most successfully by the first-named writer.
last we had at Venice the congress of the A young village schoolmistress, full of
' Societa Bibliografica Italiana, which is a enthusiasm for the enlightenment of the
kind of Library Association and Biblio- people, the heroine of J. Swierk's novel,
is
graphical Society in one, bringing together '
The Grey Yarn,' whichis distinguished by
librarians, book-lovers, and students. In the elevation of thought and a rare knowledge
autumn there took place at Pisa the con- of country life. Wo have had two stories
gress for the History of Medicine. In April from S. Krzywoszewski, Evening Twi- '
was to have been held the International light *
and Mrs. Jula.' The former de-
'
Historical Congress at Eome, which is put scribes the social and racial conditions of
off till April, 1903. Of commemorations I our own country ; in the latter (which tells
may mention two of importance the cen- : of a woman who
betrays her husband) the
tenary of Victor Hugo, and the tributes to scene is laid in Paris, but the characters
the famous artist Adelaide Eistori on her are Poles. The Art Worshippers,' by K.
'
eightieth birthday. And I write just before Eojan, is, to speak strictly, merely a story
another artistic celebration in Florence the : of two architects, one of whom renounces
'
unveiling of the monument to Giovacchino the woman he loves and the fame he might
Eossini in Santa Croce. It is the first time win in favour of his friend, to whom he
that the Pantheon of Italian glory has makes over his plan for an art-building. In
opened to a musician. Guido Biacu. M. Gawalewicz's book of short stories, On '
a Narrow Strip of Land,' the desperate
struggles of the Frisian fishermen against
POLAND. the fury of the sea are very powerfully
' Of the novels which have appeared within described. The 'English Aquarelles' of
the last twelve months 'The Affaire Dolenga,' M. Wierzbinski contain some graceful and
by J. Weyssenhoff, has been the greatest delicately sketched silhouettes. G. Dani-
success. A
high-minded and talented young lowski's novel, 'From Bygone Years,' has
engineer wins the love of the somewhat drawn the attention of the critics to this
new and talented author. Of the still
tional prejudices prove too strong and her increasing number of books written by
happiness is sacrificed to them. The hero has women three may be mentioned In the '
no better success in his affaire i.e., in his Toils,' by W.
Korotynska 'Soulless,' by ;
bold projects for laying down a network of C. Walewska and the collection of short
;
'
new routes through certain desert tracts of stories by J. Baudouin de Courtenay.
country. The novel is interesting, its ten- I begin the review of our lyric poetry
dency is good, and there are a number of with J. Kasprowicz's song-cycle 'The End
natural and lifelike characters in it. So- of the World,' the subject of which is the
called "high life" is here depicted as is tragic conflict of a soul full of doubt and
not invariably the case without caricature, despair, yet at the same time deeply religious
although in a sharp and satirical light. It and longing ardently for faith. As a whole,
'
'
is, indeed, owing
the lack of initiative
to these songs do not, perhaps, satisfy lusthetic
and proper intelligence shown by the repre- taste, though in single passages one cannot
sentatives of this same " high life," to whom but admire the feeling they display. L.
'
the engineer has confided his plans, that the Eydel's Poems make a very different and
' '
'
; ajfaire miscarries and comes to nothing. most harmonious impression genuine pearls ;
'
The new novel by the gifted author K. of folk-song are to be found among them,
Przerwa-Tetmajer, 'Miss Mary,' is hardly and tho writer charms one by the freshness of
a successful compound of imagination and his inspiration, the simjilicity of his images,
realism. A millionaire's daughter, of Jewish and the truth of his sentiment. Master '
descent, has fallen in lo/e with a musician, Twardowski,' a poem in terta rima, by L.
but on the failure of his opera she refuses Staff, dealing with a legendary wizard of
to be his wife and marries a ruined count the sixtoentli century who has much in
instead. Her passion is roused once more common with the German l^xust, seems, on
'
when the composer, who has meanwhile account of its subject, to bo rather beyond
tho powers of this still very youthful author.
makes himself renowned on both sides of Apart from numerous rominisconcos of
the globe but now lie, in his turn, scorn-
;
older and contemporary poets, tho work
fully rejects her love. A. Krochowiocki, suffers from prolixity and from an excess of
Ferruggia whoso name has long l)cen familiar in tlio nalveti'. Among the most recent productions
of our lyric poets are also Orfun.' by
field of historical romance, has in his two
'
in the
now novels, ' Fame and ' '
Fiat Lux,' related C. Jelleuta; 'Dreams of Youth,' by K.

24
Wojczynski ; and Strangers,' by W.
'
Tho
Wolski. This is th place to notice
also
J. Zulawski's '
Tales in Prose,' which, by
their elevation of thought and imagery of
stylo, reach the level of true poetry, and S.
Przybyszowski's Poems in Prose,' in which
'
we find, as is generally the case with this
author, tho strangest contradictions morbid
fancies side by side with passages of genuine
beauty, pearls of price among worthless
rubbish. A. Niemojewski has similarly
employed a pootical prose in his Legends,'
a series of pictures from the life of Christ,
chiefly of an idyllic nature, but coloured by
a naturalistic scepticism. The author was
ill advised when he presumed to set his own
purely fanciful conjectures, formulated in a
poem of mediocre merit, against the words
of the Gospel and the deeply rooted ideas of
his countrymen. A literary scandal and
the confiscation of the book by law are the
result.
Dramatic literature
80 richly represented as last year.
G-.Zapolska has produced two new pieces
for the stage. The Man is very well
* '
constructed and interesting, but the
cynicism of its subject-matter becomes
in parts almost nauseating. The Disci-
plined Souls is one of the less valuable
'
productions of this able author. S. Krzy-
woszewski has in his first play, The
Gardener's Daughter,' shown that the
requisities of the stage are not unfamiliar
to him, and that he understands his busi-
ness well. Mr. Pdsek,' by A. Belcikowski,
*
performed on the celebration of the author's
fortieth year as a writer, was criticized by
the press as an excellent comedy, full of
humour and moral depth, and as an ad-
mirable picture of the social life of the old
Polish nobility. Mention must also be made
of T. Konczynski's drama, Kajetan Orug,'
Madame Meller's Widow of Ephesus,' and '
the farces Oar Sempstresses' and 'The
*
Chimney-Sweeper,' by Z. Przybylski and F.
Domnik respectively. To the two admirable
histories of Polish literature, by P. Chmie-
lowski and by Count S. Tarnowski, which
recently appeared, there has lately been added
yet a third, by A. Briickner, professor in
the University of Berlin, a Pole by birth.
Valuable results of research and truly
scholarly and acute observations are com-
mended in this book by a lively and inter-
esting style. The work, written as it is in
German, will unquestionably do much to
extend a knowledge of Polish literature in
other countries it is shortly to appear in
; after God. " Do you not notice," he says, by
Polish also, revised and enlarged by the
author. I can make only a passing refer-
ence to -T. Swiencicki's History of Indian
Literature' and to I. Matuszewski's ad-
mirable a38thetic study, Slowacki and the
New Art,' in which a parallel is drawn
between Romanticism and the modern move-
ment.
RUSSIA.
In Russian society and Russian literature
there has been observed for some time a
mystic and religious movement. During
the last year it exhibited itself with
special force. A new society has been
formed in Petersburg for religious and philo-
sophic meetings. Anthony, the Metropolitan
of Petersburg, and K. Pobiedonostsev,
THE ATHEN^UM N'' 3897, July 5, 1902
tho Procurator of tho Holy Synod, have deal. It contains no youthful hopes, but
taken part in its foundation. At these much sarcasm. A. Biely is a mystic, and
assemblies papers are read on religious and has been attracted by the religious move-
ecclesiastical questions, judgment is passed ment of his time he directs his ridicule
;
upon them, and opinions are uttered with a against his own ideals. The book is written
freedom rare in Russia. Ecclesiastics take in an unusual form
poetical prose like that
part with laymen, who are chiefly authors. of the Bible.
Vestments alternate with overcoats, and Leonid Andreev has had the greatest
many ladies come. For the first time, after a success mhellts-lettres, strictly so called. His
rupture of two centuries, the literature of first volume of tales was sold off in a few
the layman has stretched out a hand to weeks. He has remained in the funda-
'
spiritual thought. For the first time mental form of his productions true to
problems have made their appearance, and tradition i.e., he is completely accessible to
questions have been discussed equally the ordinary reader, but at the same time, in
important to both. some of his methods and moods, he is near
Among authors the most active part in to the "new poetry." He possesses tho
the assemblies is taken by D. Merezhkovski, talents of a raconteur, and may be expected
a conspicuous writer of poems and novels in the future to find out an independent
and a critic. He has stated his views in a path. Tho best story by L. Andreev is the
lengthy critical study of Tolstoy and Dos- '
Abyss.'
toievski, entitled *
Christ and Antichrist in With the success of the book of L.
Russian Literature.' The first part, which Andreev can alone be compared that of the
is, on the whole, not deals with Tolstoy and Dostoievaki as writers, books of Maxim Gorky, which are now sold
Madame appeared last year; the second, on the re- by tens of thousands. He has published
ligion of the same two writers, was issued the fifth volume of. his works, and in this
from the press only in March last. have appeared the conclusion of his novel
The influence of the ideas of Merezhkovski '
The Trio and his drama The Bourgeois,'
' '
is seen in the new collection of stories by which was played at Petersburg with great
*
Zenaida Gippius, which makes the third success. In this play a bourgeois family in
volume of the Transactions of the new society. easy circumstances is living in a little town.
The chief strength of Madame Gippius lies The children have been educated the son is
'
in her verses. Her creations are always a student, the daughter a teacher and mis- ;
bright and sharply outlined. Her stories understandings arise between the parents
are less significant. They are planned in and the children. The subject is not new,
an interesting way, and contain original and was a little while ago employed by
thoughts and images, but she is lacking in Hauptmann in 'The Solitary People.' In
that special gift which alone makes the true its methods '
The Bourgeois resembles ' the
writer of tales. plays of his
Hauptmann for example,
In connexion with the religious and
close '
Festival of Reconciliation and also those '
Ehilosophical assemblies is N. Minski, who of Chekhov. The great talent of Gorky, his
as published the beginning of his Philo- '
power to draw strong characters, has
sophic Dialogues in the magazine the IVorld
'
hardly found any realization in his drama.
'
of Art. Between philosophy and religion, Gorky has succeeded in representing an
according to his definition, the connexion is honest drunkard, who has preserved in the
as close as between stalk and flower. While depths of his degradation the divine spark.
speaking of the new religious movement, But this is the customary type in Russian
I must not forget V. Rozanov. Besides literature, drawn excellently by Ostrovski
frequent feuilletons in Novoe Vremya, he in Liubim Tortsov, and by Dostoievski in
occasionally ventures into the world of Marmeladov. Gorky has embodied him in
belles-lettres. In the story The Troubled
'
the character of Perchikhin. He is an old
Night,' in the almanac Northern Flowers'
'
man, continually drunk, who sells singing-
for 1902, we have a curious account of two birds and is devoted heart and soul to his
dreams. trade.
The last novel of P. Boborykin is also In the current year the tales of
devoted to the artistic representation and Gorbunov, who died recently, have been col-
new religious movement. It
criticism of the lected. Gorbunov was very popular during
is The Confessors.' The author
entitled '
his life as a raconteur. He possessed great
styles the movement the aesthetic inquiry powers of mimicry and a wonderful skill in
hitting off the peculiarities of the person
the mouth of one of his characters, "that he wished to represent. His stories were
for some years a crusade has been directed living paintings of various phases of
'
against knowledge, and at the same time, Russian life. But in print they lost a con-
both in the West and among ourselves, siderable part of their charm. They _
'
disguised Jesuits from the Sor-
clericals, appeared simultaneously in two issues
bonne and other High Schools, proclaim the as Works,' under the editorship of A.
'
bankruptcy of science?" In this novel, Koni, the Academician, who added a
Adam Belcikqwski. besides the highest circles of society, the preface, and as Echoes of Tales,'
'
Moscow Old Believers are represented, village under the editorship of Count Sheremetiev.
sectarians, Stundists, &c., with their religious The type of General Ditiatin created by
services. Unfortunately, some of the per- Gorbunov made a great sensation. He is
sons introduced are not types, but easily an official who has imbibed into his
recognized portraits of living people. system the conditions of Russia before
From a point of view altogether diflferent the reforms of Alexander II. Under the
Andrei Biely laughs at the new tendency in form of the old man's grumblings Gorbunov
a little book which he has entitled Sym- '
loved to introduce speeches on various fes-
phony.' It is the first attempt of a young tive occasions, and, by reducing to an
writer, but produces the impression of the absurdity the ideas of people like Ditiatin,
work of a man who has lived through a good he contrived to turn them into ridicule.

N-'SSOr, July 5, 1902
I need particularize only a very few of the
long series of stories. A writer who hides
himself under the }ioin de guerre of tho
" Stroller " has issued a first collection of
verses and tales which is not wanting in
individuality and power. D. Merezhkovski
has printed the stories which he wrote a
long time ago on Italian life, under the
general title Love stronger than Death.'
'
Collections of tales have been issued by
I. Bunin, N. Teleshov, V. Mikheev, and
T. Tistchenko. On the stage the following
pieces have been successful The (liildren
:
'
of Yaniontin,' by S. Naidenov Under the
Wheel,' by L. Zhdanov Deprived of
;
'
Eights,' by I. Potapenko and Mis-
;
fortune,' by riaton. They are all common-
place productions.
I must give the first place in poetry to
Songs from the Nook,' by K. Sluchevski.
'
He is one of the most remarkable Russian
poets. He has now been writing for almost
half a century, but till lately he had not
secured the fame he deserves. The great
public knows Sluchevski by name only, but
he is surrounded with the aSectionate regard
of his friends and all poets. If in Russia a
plebiscite were taken among poets, as it is in
France, Sluchevski would certainly receive
"
the greatest number
*'
of votes.
is the name where he
of the poet's estate,
spends his summer holidays. The verses
collected under the title Songs from the
'
Nook are written for the most part on the
' there is poetry, and the verse is harmonious,
trivial things of life, on subjects of every-
day discussion, domestic occurrences and
meetings. But Sluchevski understands how
to approach every question from an un-
expected side he can make every subject
; are not able enough to satisfy the wants of
new, and illuminate it with the glow of
poetry. His poems are full of thought.
Unfortunately, his versification is not always
beautiful; the singer sometimes is careless,
and even lacks form. In each of his verses there
is the seed of a poetical flower, but it does
not always blossom. But the shapelessness
of the verses of Sluchevski is like that of a
cactus, it is individual and completely dif-
ferent from the commonplace.
The admirers of S. Nadson, a poet who
died very young fifteen years ago, have
published a collection of the rough drafts
of his verses and his unfinished poems,
'
Songs not Sung to the End.' The
poetry of Nadson continues up to the pre-
sent time to have a noisy success, and
thousands of copies of his volume have been
sold. This success has caused perplexity
in many, and even dissatisfaction, inasmuch
as the talent of Nadson, although genuine,
was not profound, and he is far behind a
whole series of poetical rivals who have
remained almost unnoticed. One critic
wittily compared this success with that of
the novels of Jules Verne and Llayne Eeid.
J Nadson is a writer for a certain period of
% life. His ideas are primitive, his moods are
simple and interpenetrated with a sorrow
which is infectious. He grieves that evil is
too powerful, and invites you to sympathize
with all unhappy people. His new book
adds nothing to these motifs. V. Weinberg
has published a volume of his poems on tho
jubilee of his literary career. Hi.s verses
I are neither original nor interesting. Ho is
rather a translator and a humourist, having
written under the vulgar nom de guerre of a
" Heine from Tambov." The verses of tho
THE ATnEN^UM
late P. Schumacher have been collected for
tho first time. lie was the author of a
series of witty jests and parodies. Ho had
made himself complete master
of tho Ivussian common man, although he
was not a Eussian bj' birth. A. Meisner,
D. Eatgaua, and Prince Tsortelev have pub-
lished volumes of poems. These writers
have long been before the public. They
are not without talent, but lack an individual
note.
A. Kursinski and E. Yarzhenevskaya are
somewhat more independent and also
;
'
younger. Each has published a volume of
poetry. S. Eafailovski has made his drhut
'
with some poems there is talent in his
; pauiphlets of notes taken by individuals,
book. The followers of the "new art"
have also collected their verses in the second
part of Northern Flowers,' in which C.
'
Balmont, Z. Gippius, M. Lokhvitskaya,
Th, Sologub, Y. Baltrushaitis, and others
take part.
In the department of translations no great
works have been undertaken. C. Balmont
has published the second volume of his
renderings from the Spanish of Oalderon,
with full introductory essays and notes.
The work of Balmont furnishes the first
artistic translation of Calderon in Eussia.
The Nook Under his editorship has also appeared a
collection of the dramas of Sudermann. D.
Merezhkovski has issued, in separate parts,
his translation of Greek tragedies. In these
but they are far from literal, and some-
times completely dis6gure the meaning of
the original they are in iambics of five
; can be called especially prominent, but
feet. Such translations of Greek tragedies
Eussian literature. A poet, who is con-
cealed under the initials K. E., has pub-
lished the second and third volumes of his
translation of Hamlet,' which includes essays
' affairs and the person of Count N. S. Mord-
on Hamlet and the actors who have played
the part the book shows the great learning
; the time of Alexander I.
of the translator. Some versions from the
Polish writer Przibyezewski have appeared
Y. Sablin has investigated the novelties of
Western literature (especially in the drama)
very carefully in his edition of The
Eed Cock of Hauptmann, Es lebe das
' '
Leben by Sudermann, and the works of
' relating to the war of 1812 ('The War of
G. Tetmayer. The translation of the Un-
divine Comedy of Z. Krasinski made some
' The papers now published refer to tho year
noise. The version was made by the con-
sent of the Eussian censorship from the
original printed in Eussia another transla- ;
tion of the same drama was printed earlier
in tho Russian Messenger. The drama itself
was directed against the Polish revolution-
aries. In spite of this fact the new trans-
lation was confiscated and destroyed by
order of the late minister Sipiaguin, and
the censor who allowed its publication very
nearly lost his post.
As a preface to a translated novel of F.
Polonz a new essay by Tolstoy has appeared.
He complains of the deterioration in taste
and common sense among readers. "In
Eussian poetry," writes Tolstoy, "after
Pushkin, Lermontov, and Tiutchev, fame
went first to tho very dubious poets,
Maikov,Polon8ki,andFot; then toNekrasov,
who was absolutely wanting in poetic talent;
then to tho tastoless and prosaic poet, Alo.xis
Tolsto}' tlinn to tho monotonous and weak
;
Nadson, and after him to the completely
talentless Apukhtin."
;
2")
As regards history, the jubiloo was cele-
brated of the literary activity of P. Bar-
teniev, the editor of the historical magazine
of the speech Russian Arcltives, which
has been issued
fur forty years. Tho Russian Archives is a
treasury of all sorts of memoirs, letters of
prominent persons, and odiiaal documents ;
no one occupying himself with Ixussian his-
tory or tho history of Eussian litoniture can
dispense with the information contained in
this maga-zine. P. Barteniev is as much a
publisher of historical materials by vocation
as menare journalists by vocation or born
poets. Ho
has a special gift for selecting
from a heap of private letters, from thick
everything valuable and curious. Barteniev
introduces his own
personality into his
magazine. By little prefaces, frequently of
only a few lines, by two or three words added
at the end, and a network of apparently in-
significant interlinear remarks, he illustrates
the documents published by him from his
point of view. Possessing as he does an
astonishing knowledge of Eussian social life
at the end of the eighteenth and beginning
of the nineteenth centuries, he supplies what
is not altogether told in the memoirs, cor-
rects mistakes, and furnishes new and valu-
able details. As he considers that he has to
publish a great deal prematurely, Barteniev
often is contented with an allusion, which
will be intelligible to the coming investi-
gator of the question.
Not one of the historical works which
have appeared in the year under review
some curious and useful publications have
appeared. Under the editorship of Y. Bil-
basov have been published two volumes of the
'
Archives of the Counts Mordvinov.' They
contain many important documents on naval
vinov, one of the most original character^ ui
In the words of
Pushkin, Mordvinov contained in himself
;
the whole Eussian opposition. He pos-
sessed a quick wit and bold views, and
did not fear to express them to the emperor
' himself. The General Staff has published the
second volume of its collection of documents
' the Fatherland,' edited by Mishlaevski).
1811, and show how carefully Eussia pre-
pared herself for the inevitable war. In
the Russian Antiquanj have been printed
curious details of the fall of Speranski, the
well-known minister of Alexander I. many ;
persons of the time appear here in a com-
pletely unexpected light. There is a great
deal that is new in the Eecollections of
' '
S. Yolkonski, who shared in tho insurrection
of the Dekabrists in the year 1825, in which
all the young men of tho highest society
wore mixed up. Volkonski had relations
with all the prominent people of his time,
even with the emperor himself. The '
liecoUections of the
' historian K. N.
Bestuzhev-Eiumin relate to tho recent past
they are carried down to tho year IHIIO.
Bestuzhev - Eiumin, who was altornatoly
considered a Zapadnik (Western) and a
Slavophile, was well ac(|uaintnd witli those
two tondoncios, whi( h, at that time, <lividod
all Ivussian society. IVincoss Trubetskaya
has ])ubli8hnd matorialH for tho biography
of Princo Y. ( 'horkasski, a oonspicuous
 :

26 THE ATHENiEUM N" 3897, July 6, 1902

labourer for the emancipation of tlio serfs. extensive biography of the historian M. changes have occurred. A new paper has
The bicentenary of the foundation of Peters- Pogodin, which has reached already the been founded at Kharkov, Peaceful Labour,
burg did not produce any valuable works sixteenth volume in it a whole series of
: but it has not as yet assumed any definite
on the history of the third capital of Russia. documents are printed for the first time. character. The Russian Ilessenger, one of
The compilation of N. Bozherianov, The '
As a contribution to the history of Russian the oldest Russian magazines, has had a
Nevski Prospekt,' alone appeared it was
; art there has appeared the publication of temporary period put to its career, but
more interesting on account of its engrav- S. Diaguilov on 1). Levitzki (' Russian Paint- will probably come out under new editor-
ings than the text. ing in the Eighteenth Century,' vol. i.). ship. M. Menshikov has begun to publish
Russia celebrated in the current year the This, besides an essay on the works of his organ, Letters to Neighbours, and occu-
jubilees of two of her classical authors, N. Levitzki and his biography, includes copies pies the whole journal with his own essays.
Gogol and V. Zhukovski. Fifty years had of his pictures exactly reproduced. D. S. Sharapov edits a similar journal under
passed since their deaths (thoy both died in Treniev has published copies of the newly the form of periodical miscellanies. Such
1852), This period is very important in found ikons of Simon Ushakov, the Russian publications as these are significant only
Russia, since only after fifty years the right Raphael of the seventeenth century. when the publishers have altogether ex-
to literary property ceases ; up to that time Russian literature has experienced in the ceptional vigour and talents, as was the
the works of a decased author are published current year some considerable losses. Gleb case with Dostoievski, who published An
only by his heirs, for the most part very Uspenski has died. In a literary sense he Author'' s Diary, but in the present instance
incompletely, and at a very high price. When died some time ago, as during the last years this talent cannot be said to exist. The
a half-century has elapsed after his death of his life he suffered from a mental disease. coarse squib of M. Amfiteatrov, in which
the writer's work in Russia becomes the
Gleb Uspenski was a narodnik i.e., he took he attacked the imperial family, made a
property of his nation. The works of Gogol, for his subjects the common people, the great deal of noise. The author was
however, constitute in this respect an excep- muzhiks. He was the most talented sent to Siberia, and the gazette which
tion. These were published at an earlier of the group of authors to which he published his fexdlleton, Russia, the most
period with a care and fulness rare in belonged, and had a great success in widely circulated after the Novoe Vremya,
Russia, and with a supervision of all the his time. But his aim at being tcndenzids, was brought abruptly to an end.
variants by N. Tikhonravov and V. 8henrok as the Germans say, and his wish to propa- Yalerii Britjsov.
(tenth edition of Gogol). The new editors gate certain ideas, impeded the freedom of
have been able to rival their predecessors his creative power. He subordinated his
only in cheapness. As regards Zhukovski, talent to abstract principles, and stifled the SPAIN.
the first complete and really scholarly artist to become the citizen. At the same The period covered by the last twelve
edition of his works has only just been time as Uspenski another narodnik died, of months has been marked by a visible
begun by Prof. A. Arkhangelsk! in connexion much less significance, F. Nefedov. Among decline, in comparison with preceding years,
with the journal Niva. the writers of belles-lettres has also died in the number of literary and historical
At the jubilee there appeared also a new G. Machtet, highly esteemed in some works produced, more especially of the
edition of the letters of Gogol, superintended circles. Machtet had many readers, but his latter. Perhaps the political and social
by V. Shenrok. This is a very valuable tales produce a disagreeable impression by questions which deeply occupy our educated
production. The editor has again compared their excessively methodical and artificial and distract their attention may be
classes
almost all the letters with the originals, style. Thebest of them are his frank the cause of this; and possibly the death
filled in several gaps, and printed many descriptions of Siberian life, with which he or exhaustion of many of our veteran and
letters for the first time. Letters of Gogol made his literary debut. most eminent writers, whose places have
and Zhukovski which had never been pub- Of historians, N. Shilder is dead. He is not yet been supplied in all respects by the
lished before have appeared in the Russian especially known by his history of Alex- younger generation, may also have contri-
Antiquary and the Russian Archives. In ander I., in four huge volumes. But this buted to it. Besides, the great number of
the Russian Antiquanj, also for the first vast work was only a small portion of the magazines and reviews may have some-
time, the diary of Zhukovski has been pub- labour planned by Shilder for the premium thing to do with it, as their contributors are
lished in its entirety. In the Historical Mes- given by Arakcheev. Arakcheev was the drawn off from other undertakings in order
senger some unpublished things by Gogol favourite of Alexander I., and he left a fund to fill their pages. At any rate, the fact is
have been printed, found on pieces of which in 1925, when it will have increased certain, and is coincident with the appear-
manuscript which he had torn up. The to 1,000,000 roubles, is to be given to the ance of a great number of translations,
same magazine has had the recollections of author of the best History of Alexander not always good, and mostly of novels.
'

Gogol by Liubich-Romanovich, his fellow- I.' The work of Shilder shows great In the field of history there are few
pupil at the Lyceum. The author repre- familiarity with the material contained in novelties of importance, although these are
sents Gogol the schoolboy in the most the archives. Shilder, contrary to the con- of real value. But I must notice the con-
unattractive light; his comrades used to temporary tendencies of historical scholar- tinuation of some works of great extent,
make fun of him and disliked him. Gogol ship, assigns in his history too much import- the first volumes of which have been men-
proudly retired into himself and said ance to persons. All his works are of a bio- tioned in my previous articles. For example,
"You cannot insult me, but if I insult any graphical character, but for all that he has in the matter of sources, the basis of all
one of you, you will feel it." One most not a true power of psychological analysis, history, I may call attention to two volumes
curious book on Gogol is that by G. Man- which is especially felt in the biography of of Cortes de los Antiguos Reinos de
'

delshtam, a professor of the University of such an enigmatical person as the Emperor Aragon y Valencia y Principado de Cata-
Helsingfors, On the Style of Gogol.' Man- Alexander I., who was with some reason luna,' brought out by the Academy of
'

delshtam was a pupil of Potebnya, the clever called by Pushkin a harlequin. Besides History. They form vols. iv. and v. of the
philologist. He surveys the productions of the history of Alexander I., Shilder wrote a series and comprehend the acts of the Catalan
Gogol not from the general view, which sketch of the reign of Paul and began a Cortes for the years 1377 to 1410, a period
yields very varying results, but by sketch of that of Nicholas I. The educa- of great interest in the legislation and par-
studying the very elements of his com- tional authority and publicist, S. Rachinski, liamentary history of that region. On the
positions, epithets, and the arrangement of has also died ;he was very popular in other hand, of the collection of Actas
*

sentences. Russia. His last essay, Absit Omen,' was de las Cortes de Castilla' the twentieth
'

The jubilees of Gogol and Zhukovski directed against the changes in the system volume has been published, formed of
engrossed almost all the available strength of classical education in Russia. For documents of the years 1602 to 1604,
of the historians of literature, and very few myself, a much more grievous loss has an epoch in which the signal decay of
works have appeared which had to do with been the death of the young poet Ivan that institution as a factor in politics
other periods and other writers. V. Zavitne- Konevski, of which, however, little notice imparts greater value to its documents,
vich undertook a large biography of A. S. was taken. He was drowned in the summer in view of the vague way in which it is
Khomiakov, the most prominent and the of last year in Livonia. He was still a usual to speak of its existence and functions
most gifted of the Slavophiles, poet, philo- student at the university his name first in the years that preceded its total extinc-
;

sopher, divine, philologist, and mechanician. appeared in print in 1899. tion by the queen- guardian of Charles II.
N. Bareukov has continued his even more As regards Russian journalists no notable The documents relating to the Company of
 N3897, July 5, 1902
Jesus will always possess for historians a
special attraction, alike for the defenders of
the work of Ignatius Loyola and for those
who attack it. therefore, right to
It is,
draw attention to the continuation of the
'
Monumenta Societatis Josu with Epis-
toliv! P. Nadal,' Epistohu Mixtro,'
' and
'Monumenta Pivdagogica,' although none
of them has been completed. Deserving of
mention as well is the reprint of vol. x. of
the celebrated 'Espaua Sagrada,' relating
to the churches which in ancient times were
sutfragans of Seville. It is well known that
in the most useful collection of P. Florez
there are some other volumes out of print,
and it would be advisable to reprint them in
their integrity.
the group of works in course of pub-
To
lication belong the twelfth volume of the
'
Guerra dela Independencia,' by Senor Gomez
Arteche the third of the Historia Genea-
;
'
logica y Her;ildica de la Monan^uia
Espanola,' by Senor Bethencourt the fourth
of the Historia de la S. A. M. Iglesia de
'
Santiago de Compostela,' by Senor Lopez
Ferreiro and the seventh of the Armada
;
Espanola' (1759 to 1788) of Senor Fer-
nandez Duro. To the respective merits of
all of these I have drawn the attention of
your readers on previous occasions.
New books belonging to general history
are far from numerous. In the first line
should figure the excellent monograph by
Senor Yivcs on La Moneda 'astellana,' as
' (
it not only rectifies errors made with respect
to our numismatic and economic annals, but
supplies as well numerous notices hitherto
unpublished, the results of his personal
research. Senor Blazc^uez in a brief essay
Via Eomana de Tanger
on the '
furnishes data for the solution of the
question of the Eoman mile, which, in his
judgment, was not a uniform measure, and
the results of his study appear to confirm
this view of the matter. The epoch of the
Austrias which has been closely examined
by various writers, yet still presents a
few obscure points or questions that have
not been elucidated has been the topic of
three books of very different character. One
of them is from the pen of Senor Barado,
a specialist in military history and more
especially in all that concerns our ware in
the Low Countries, and is styled Don Juan
de Austria en Fiandes.' The second fills two
volumes, and is a treatise by Seiior Boronat
on Los Moriscos Espanoles y su Expulsion.'
'
It has been praised, whether justly or not
I cannot say, as I have not had the oppor-
tunity of reading it. The third is an address
delivered before the Academy by Senor
Francisco Silvela upon the Matrimonios de
Espana y Francia en 1G15,' a dissertation
rather political than historical, in which the
writer, as his habit is, takes facts already
known as the foundation of an explanation,
from his pomt of view, of the course of
Spanish politics. More value attaches to the
mono;,^raph of Senor Danvila upon Luisa
de Orleans y Luis I.' The author is not
merely fortunate as an investigator, but also
is an excellent writer in whom arc combined
some of the qualities that usually make sucli
pleasant reading of the works of Freucli
historians.
The annals of America are represented
only by two works one a volume of the
: seem to bo not too securely founded.
collection of Libros liaros y Curiosos,'
' However
THE ATHEN^U
which contains the Infortunios do Alonso
*
Ramirez,' described by Sigiienza, and the
'
Ivelacinn do la America Septentrional of
Father Hennepin, and the other a Historia
de las Misionos de la Compania do Jesus en
' '
el Maranon Espanol' (1G37-1767), written
by Father Chantre.
Military history has been enriched by tho
publication of the first volume of an His-
toria Maritima Militar de Espana,' in which
Seiior Navarrete condenses discreetly, and
on a good plan, the results of modern in-
vestigations as well as of the classical
authorities on the subject Navarrete, for
instance, Capmany, and others by an
'
Icono-biografia del generalato espafiol,' by
Seiior Carrasco, which is recommended by
the novelty of certain of its biographies and
by the moderation and gracefulness with
which some of the memoirs of well-known
men are put together. The two volumes of
Recuerdos de un diplomiitico which Senor
' '
; Conte has brought out are interesting,
although they are slight and contain no im-
portant revelations. Finally, in competition
'
for a prize offered by the Academy of Moral
and Political Sciences there have appeared
two biographies of Don Antonio C';inovas
del Castillo the one, which obtained the
: Hinojosa traces the history of the villeins
award, by Senor Pons, and the other, which
gained a proxime accessit, by Senor
Lara. Tho character of C;inovas del
Castillo is certainly most interesting to an
historian. He was a genuine representative
of the Bourbon restoration, and also of the
strange and deplorable pessimism which, by
paralyzing the arms of many men of ability,
was the cause of almost all our disasters
during the closing years of the nineteenth
But the time has not yet come for
'
;i Cartage century.
panegyrists, even of the utmost honesty of
purpose, to extol his career in eulogistic
phrases.
Several causes contribute to make the
number of books devoted to local and
provincial history relatively large, and at
times superior to the writings concerned
with general history. In the first place,
the former is loss known, and tempts in-
vestigators with many discoveries and
novelties in the second, the love of what
; supplies many curious facts relating to
we Spaniards call " patria chica," or the
native place, incites not a few it must be
'
confessed not always those equipped for the
study and stirs up popular historical
societies tobear the cost of books of more
or less importance. In short, the political
movement in favour of " regionalismo,"'
which for some years has been growing in
importance, also contributes to the increase
of this literature, although not so much so
'
as might be supposed. Certainly attention
should be directed to the fact that the
strongest of the local movements, ''ElCata-
lauismo," posse.ssing in a largo measure
an historical basis, has not provoked
among its adversaries historical study
sullicient to dissipate tho pretensions and
'
complaints put forward in support of
tho separatist policy. The superficial
essays which for years past the J^apana
Regional has published, and tho books of
Senores Torras and liomaui', do not suflico
for the purpose, uud tho gonerul public
continues to Jiear a number of proofs
vaguely alleged, many of which certainly
this may be, the
I\I 27
regional and local liistory continue to
enrich this branch of literature by pub-
' lishing monographs whicli continue slowly
'
to increase. Among these 1 may enumerate,
because of its bearing on 'atalonia, the (
ninth volume of the CoUeccio do Docu- '
ments inedits del Arxiu Municipal ' of
Barcelona, which embraces notices of the
'
years lOO!) to 1019, and the seventh
volume of the ^lemorias do la Acadomia
*
de Buenas Letras,' in which are to be found
four excellent studies one by Senor Bofarull,
:
upon the Antigua Marina Catalana,' an
'
amplification of the well-known work of
and Capmany a second on Don Jaime de
; '
Aragon,' by Senor Jimenez, which corrects
several errors regarding that celebrated
personage, while Tn Bandolero Feudal,*
'
from the pen of Senor Maspons, supplies
an interesting picture of arbitrary signorial
conduct in the Middle Ages and an essay ;
on LaHeraldica en la FiligranadolPapel,'
'
by the same Senor Bofarull whom I have
just mentioned. In all respects more re-
markable alike for the novelty f its facts,
the weightiness of its theme, and the his-
torical importance of its conclusions is
the academic dissertation in which Seiior
of Catalonia, styled Origen y Vicisitudes
'
do la pagesi'a de remensa en Cataluna.'
The subject had been previously handled
by Prof. Piskorski, of the Univer-
sity of Kieff, who consulted many
Catalan documents ; but Senor Hinojosa
surpasses all his predecessors in knowledge
of the sources, and so far as his theme has
to do with history may be said to have
exhausted the subject. Thanks to his
investigations, the legal condition of the
pagesos is definitely ascertained, as well as
the import of the celebrated sentence of
Guadalupe and the value of the disputed
" jus primaj noctis," the legal existence of
which in Catalonia was maintained by
Pujades, Schmidt, Ciirdenae, and other
authorities. The theory of Senor Hinojosa,
whoso paper was read before the Academia
de Buenas Letras, was confirmed by the
learned Senor Carreras y Candi, who
the servile classes and tho " males usos."
In the same department of juridical history
the monograph of Senor Chabiis, Genesis '
del derecho foral de Valencia,' is especially
remarkable, as for tiie first time it settles
critically the question of the origin and
frignificance of the /"k'-^';o< of Valencia, which
have hitherto been talked of with consider-
able vagueness.
In regard to the Balearic Islands there
are two volumes of merit La com^uista do
:
'
Menorca en 1287,' by Senor Parpal, who
has sifted the matter thoroughly, and
Mallorca durante la I'rimera lievolucioa
(1808-14),' by Senor Oliver, who adopts
the methods of Taine, and describes witli
signal ability tlie international ]ii.story of
tho capital of tho Balearos during those
years, bringing to bear most curious facts
that throw light up(m tho struggle of ideas,
upon tho celebrated episode of tho Fren( h
prisoners in tho i.slancl of Cabrera, and tho
social inodillcations introduced at tho
beginning of tho nineteenth century.
Tho juridical luHtory of (luipiizcoa can
boast of a fuiidaincntal work which lills up
devotees of many gaps and settles several points
 ; :
, ;

28 THE ATHENAEUM N'' 3897, July 5, 1902

uncertain up to now. It is the treatise by field of sociology belongs tho noteworthy mention as commendable, for their form or
Don Pablo do Gorosabel, and fills five monograph of Sonores Bernaldo de Quiros their ideal groundwork or their inspiration,
volumes, while an additional one by Senor y Lianas Aguilaniedo upon La Mala ' '
Meteoros by Alcover, Las Vondimias
' '
'

Echogaray forms an appendix, and furnishes Vida on Madrid,' and to that of politics the by Marquina, En la Sierra by Benages, '
'

notices of philological questions, of litera- collection A Punta de Pluma of

'
Senor '
*
Do mi Vida by Morera, Alma by '
'
'

ture, the drama, and manners, besides a Calderon, one of the purest and most intelli- Maohado, Castellanas by Gabriel and
' '

sketch of provincial administration since gent writers of Castillian prose. Galan, El Pais del Sol by Eueda, and
*
'

the passing of the laws of IHfiH. To tho Considerable contributions have been '
Aires del Montseny by the illustrious '

same province are devoted the two volumes made to the literature of art in the fol- Catalan master, Verdaguer. Of an historical
of tho Nobiliario do los Palacios, (Jasas,
'
lowing publications Estudios Historicos
:
'
character are the Florilegio de Poesias '

Solares y Linajea nobles dc Guipuzcoa,' by Artisticos principalmente rolativos a Val- Castellanas del Siglo XIX.,' put together by
Lizaso, and a collection of short studies, ladolid,' by Senor Marti, a large volume Don Juan Valera, and the Cancionero do '

'De mi Pais,' by the above - mentioned with many illustrations two volumes upon
Senor Echogaray. 'Hierros Artisticos,' containing two hundred
Omitting various other monographs, for plates, by Seiior Labarta a most important
; Juan Alvarez Gato,' published by Senor
Cotarelo. Popular poetry is represented by
; the Cancionero Popular Turolense
'
of '

lack of space to notice thorn in detail, I may
draw the attention of your readers to the
address read before tho Academy by Senor
Lopez de Ayala regarding Toledo en la
cpoca de las Comunidades,' a discourse full
of notices of economic and artistic history a
*
Diario Turolense de la primera mitad del
Siglo XVI.,' published by Senor Llabres
a description, historical and picturesque, of
Asturias, by Seiiores Canella and Bellmunt,
remarkable for its many excellent illustra-
tions and especially the conscientious study
; antigua espanola,' by Seiior Pedrell.
by Senor Torres Campos of the Caracter
de la Conquista y Colonizacion de las Islas
Canarias,' which vindicates the Spaniards
M'ork by the Conde de Valencia de San Juan Doporto.
devoted to Armas y Tapicos de la Corona
'
The stage,
in which a regeneration appears
de Espana'; a treatise by Seiior Herrera on to have begun, offers some undeniable
' *
Medallas de los Gobernadores de los Paises successes, and others which, without having
Bajos en el Eeinado de Felipe II.' Escul- ;
*
been much before the public, ought to be
; tura Eomanica en Espana,' and Instru- '
considered by the critics. In my opinion
mentos Miisicos en las miniaturas de los the most noteworthy productions have been
Codices Espailoles,' by Senor Serrano Fatigati; '
Las Flores,' by the brothers Alvarez Quin-
a monograph upon the Monasterio de San '
tero, a delicious play, full of intense and
Llorens del Munt,' by Seiior Eogent and an ; original poetry; 'Los Encarrilados,' a
excellent manual of Organografia musical '
Catalan drama by a new author, Torrendell,
who combines great gifts for the task
'
In belles-lettres two facts are observable '
Alma y Vida,' a symbolist drama by Perez
the return of our authors to the cultivation of Galdos, in which there are some admirable
the story, from which they have been inclined scenes Llibertat,' by Eusinol, a witty
;
'

from the imputations of cruelty which par- to hold aloof of recent years, and the invasion criticism of pseudo-liberalism written after
tially instructed authors have introduced of Castillian poetry by "Modernity," The the fashion of the Enemy of the People,' by '

into their writings, and which have hitherto complete list of tales published, even of those Ibsen and La Gobernadora and Amor
;
' ' '

passed for eorrect. that are not devoid of merit, would be very long. de Amar,' by Benavente, a writer already
The literary history of my country has I shall consequently limit myself to enume- well known. Echegaray has not produced
been enriched by various reprints of old rating those which are of conspicuous merit. any new work of merit.
works a copious bibliography relating to
; Apart from the collections of tales already To the
history of the drama belong the
Jovellanos, Inventario de un Jovellanista,'
'
familiar by Alas ('El gallo de Socrates'), eleventh volume of the Obras de Lope de '

by Seiior Somoza and various works relat- ;
ing to our ancient drama, especially three
E milia Pardo ( Ouentos de Navidad y Eey es )
'
'
Vega,' which Senor Menendez y Pelayo is
and other masters of recognized celebrity, I editing, and the Coleccion de Autos, Farsas, '

important volumes from the pen of Senor
Cotarelo upon Juan del Encina,' Lope de
' '
Eueda,' and the 'Teatro anterior a Lope
de Vega,' besides one compiled by Senor
Perez Pastor, 'Nuevos Datos acerca del
Histrionismo Espanol en los Siglos XVI. y
XVII.' Senor Cotarelo has also brought
out a collection of articles under the
title of Estudios de Historia Literaria,'
'
of which the most noteworthy is that devoted
to the celebrated but apocryphal 'Querellas'
of Alfonso X. The literature that gathers
round Cervantes has been augmented by a
volume from the pen of Senor Asensio,
already well known in this branch of letters,
'
Cervantes y sus Obras,' and an inquiry
regarding *E1 Loaysa de "El Celoso Extre-
meiio," in which Senor Eodriguez Marin
'
endeavours to identify with a real personage
the character presented by Cervantes in his
tale.
Although far from large, the group of
books relating to the history of philosophy
deserves some notice, because there figure
in the writings of Eamon Lull, printed
it
in conformity with the original texts, and
accompanied by notes and variants by Sen or
Eosello, and a translation into Castillian of
'La Fuente de la Vida' of Aben-Cebrol, as
well as a reprint of the philosophical works
of Campoamor, which form the first volume
of his Obras Completas.' I have also to
'
mention an admirable study of Senor Asin
upon Algazel.' His object has been to
'
explore thoroughly the doctrines of the Arab
philosopher, and prove his marked influence
on the writings of Ramon Lull, Eamon
Marti', and St. Thomas Aquinas.
may put first the works of a new author,
Seiior Baroja, entitled Aventuras, Inventos
y Mistificaciones de Silvestre Paradox and
'
Camino de perfeccion,' which are recom-
mendable in every sense, and reveal an
original writer, ingenious, cultivated, and
possessed by a deep feeling for poetry.
Another young writer possessed of artistic
talent, although repellent to
owing to the scabrous nature of the subjects
he has selected, is Seiior Valle Inclan. He
has given us a new story of love in his
'
Sonata de Otono.' Senor Blasco Ibanez,
whose stories of Valencian manners have
been justly praised, has now attempted an
historical story in Sonnica la Cortesana,' a
' to give
tale noteworthy for its description of the
Saguntine country. Senor Villegas, better
known as a critic, has published a new
collection of historiettes under the name
of La Novela de la Vida.' Another
' or indifference of those who sit at home and
young writer, Seiior Danvila, who begins
with a great display of energy, has
sketched in La Conquista de la Ele-
' single word concerning Tamate.
gancia' the habits of the aristocracy and
middle classes in Madrid. In his Cartas
de mujeres Seiior Benavente displays the
' cautious in the wrong place, fatally blind to
gifts of a delicate observer in a class of
work which Prevost has made celebrated in
France. I ought further to mention the
tales 'Androminas of Gutierrez Gamero,
'
La Hija de Don Quijote,' by Menendez
'
Agusty, *E1 Einon de la montaiia' of
Delfin Fernandez, and the printing by Senor
Eubii'i of an unpublished Catalan story of
the fifteenth century, Curial y Giielfa.'
Volumes of verse abound, notwithstand-
To the ing the indifference of the public. I may
y Coloquios del Siglo XVI.,' a manuscrij)t
'
of the Biblioteca Nacional which has been
' printed, thanks to the exertions of Senor
Eouanet, who enriches it with interesting
notes. Eafael Altamira.
LITERATURE
many readers,
James Chalmers : his Autoliography and
Letters. By Eichard Lovett. (Eeligious
Tract Society.)
James Chalmers of New Guinea. By Cuthbert
Lennox. (Edinburgh, Melrose.)
More than ten years ago the great Tamate,
Chalmers the name which his natives
invented for him, was all-powerful in New
Guinea, recognized by politicians, traders,
men white and dark in skin and soul, as the
dominant voice. Yet such is the ignorance
pretend to discern our great men that books
of reference usually trustworthy include no
Now that
he is dead he may, perhaps, get more
' recognition. Missionaries often seem unwise,
the racial and climatic differences which put
their dress and demeanour out of court. It
is painful, for instance, to read Sir Harry
Johnston's severe criticism of a man like
Bishop Hannington. So one turns with
pleasure to a missionary with such creden-
tials as Tamate. Mr. Lovett has written
(for his own share in the book is much more
'
than his modesty allows) the authoritative
record of a singularly attractive man.
He has enjoyed full access to Chalmers's

N3897, July 5, 19<)2
papers, in particulara large mass of
to
unpublished letters from 1888 onwards. He
has wisely chosen to present the real man
he does not overload his book with edifying
passages and reflections, and the result is
that the reviewer is not forced into the posi-
tion of advocatus diaholi, contesting the claims
of an impossible saint, a glorided failure
deficient in humanity. Chalmers was very
human, very earnest, very successful in
more ways than one.
Premising that the book is well printed,
includes some excellent portraits,
moderate in price, we shall quote two or
three passages which illustrate the character
and ideas of Chalmers. A man restlessly
adventurous, somewhat to the discomfort
of his belongings, nearly drowned in the
practice of fancy swimming on the great
ocean swell, Homer's /ity K-vjia ^aAacro-?^?,
ever a boy or a savage (which is much the
same thing) in his choice of dangerous
enterprise, he won the regard of such
diverse men as the famous bully and the
famous writer of the South Seas. He was
Elizabethan in his adventures he recalls
;
Sir John Hawkins in the Canary Islands,
who also ' grew much in love and favour
with the people." He was no great
preacher, no master of pastoral perseverance
his discursive intellect could not rank high
but his glowing disposition and sanguine,
enthusiastic simplicity carried all before
him. The son of an Aberdonian stone-
mason, he was of a most vigorous habit of
body, and scorned the early returning mis-
sionary. In connexion with this question
often one of an unsuitable wife who cannot
stay abroad
Mr. Lovett, as representing the
London Missionary Society, has some very
sensible remarks. Formerly, he says,
" if there was a slight doubt, it was usually
given in favour of allowing the woman to go
abroad, now it is frequently given against that
course. And in our judgement this is wise, and
had it been acted upon more rigidly in the pist,
much sorrow and failure, and unnecessary
expense would have been avoided."
The practical side of Chalmers comes out
in his report as to services at Earotonga, his
first mission field, in 1872 : How plea.sed you would be with their pretty
"The Sabbath services are well attended by
all. The Rarotongans
are truly a church-
going people. Our services are short, not
exceeding an hour and ten minutes. I dislike
long services anywhere, and in this climate I
find, should they exceed the time above stated,
the interest Hags and we all get drowsy."
An interesting tribute printed from
is
Mr. Lawes, a companion of Chalmers
work, concerning the use of tobacco, a
burning question in 1880-2. Tobacco, he
says,
"is really the currency here; houses and
churches are built with it, boats are pulled by it,
gardens and fences are made with it it is our
wood and water, our fruit, vegetables, fish it
is the sign of peace and friendship, the key
wliich opens the door for better things, and (as
I so often stated in England) the shortest way
to a New Guinean's heart is through his tobacco-
pipe. Vou will perhaps regret that so much
tobacco is used, and so do we, but you must not
think of the short black pipes which adorn (or
otherwise) the corners of so many EInglihh
mouths, nor associate it with its accompanyini,'
English vices.
" have no predilections in favour of llie
I the whole niglit through. The women wear new
weed. I am a non-smoker, I have never had a
cigar or pipe in iny mouth, and until I came
THE ATHENiEUM
hero had never haiidlod a piece of tobacco, l^ut
I entirely fail to see eitiier the harm done by it
;
to the natives, or the po.ssibility of substituting
anything else for it The natives say that
when they come home from fishing or hunting,
tired and faint, a smoke is better than a meal.
The oldest man here, one of the chiefs, wlio
received the teachers into his house when they
came ten years ago, is a great lover of his pipe.
I have told him sometimes that tobacco was no
good, but he always looks grave and earnest,
and says, Misi, if I had no tobacco I should
'
die.' I should be very sorry not to be able to
gladden his heart with a piece of tobacco now
and is
and then. Of course I do not know whether all
this about its soothing qualities is true, but nc
doubt some gentlemen on the Board can tell
you from their own experience."
Chalmers and, we hope, the Board sup-
ported this view of the case to the full.
With such liberal-minded men what could
not be done ? Chalmers was even able to
see some advantage in a notorious attack on
missionaries :
"Canon Taylor's remarks will do good,
There is something wrong in our mode of
working. We too much for individual
look
cases of conversion these are chronicled and
; Mr. Lennox's book is on a smaller scale y
made much of. Do not you think that the
Gospel is for mankind, and that it ought to
influence whole tribes ? We
potter away with
one or two converts good, but strike for the
;
;
higher assert for the nation or tribe. Our
;
statistical system is all wrong. They
the statistics in heaven, I feel sure, and
would leave them in their hands."
We return to points of which we have
already hinted the importance. Here is a
letter from Earotonga which Chalmers wrote
when he paid a visit to his first sphere of
work thirteen years later. It is a good
specimen of Chalmers's direct and simple
narrative, embodying his strong sense. He
recognizes progress and also defects.
" Isn't it sad that a people so free, kind, and
truly attractive should be dying out 1 Strong
drink is a fearful agent, but it cannot alone be
blamed for the sad decrease. I blame clothing,
change in housing, and introduction of foreign
food as much as strong drink. I feel persuaded
that were these natives to return to the manner
of living of their forefathers they would again
increase. The introduced changes are too great.
churches, the work all done by themselves.
They build or repair their own schools and
churches, and pay their own pastors."
It is impossible to have everything, espe-
cially in the case of so full a life as that of
Tamate, but we wish that there were more
of such glimpses as these for the anthro-
pologist concerning the great annual festival
in his of initiation for young men at the Fly Eiver
in New Guinea:
" For the dances they dress very elaborately.
them twelve
The head-dresH, some of
and three feet broad, is one mass of
chiefly the bird of paradise. on the It rests
; head, and has a piece of wood running down the
; back which is fastened with a string round
the middle. There are also long streamers of
white feathers attached, and the whole is so
springy that every movement of head and body
makes the liead dress move gracefully. There
is also a very finely wrought hand of various
colours round the waist, and l)eautiful garters
with tassels and dried nuts to make a noise, and
anklets like a ruff of fine silk, also with dried
nuts attached. Men, women, and children
dance and sing and beat drums, and continun
petticoats made from the yung frond of the sago
palm, and dyed various colours. The young men
n
29
whoaro being initiated wear great streamers from
thi'irears made of the samestutf as the women's
petticoats. They look very demure, rather
depressed, as if sometliing terrible had liap-
pened, or was going to liappen. From December
to the end of May the feasting, dancing, and
.sago-making continue, and all school-work has-
to be suspended during this season. '
It was only in April of last year that th&
tragedy of Dopima, at the mouth of th
Omati river, cut short tlie vigorous career of
the great man of peace who seemed able to
go anywhere and do anything. It is sug-
gested that Chalmers was out of health and
could not exert his usual influence. It may
be so, but, looking at the matter from the-
native point of view, one can only wonder
that Tamate was rot murdered before. He
appeared so suddenly, with no vocabulary
except peace-making signs, and often witb
much to explain which was not his fault,
the suspicion and resentment due to other
white men's doings. In this especial case
it is only fair to record that a teacher of hi&
mission had handled with indignity the wife-
of a fighting chief.
it has not the authority of Mr. Lovett's, and
it covers a somewhat wider field, as it refers
to matter in Chalmers's Work and Adven-'
ture in New Guinea' (1885), which he wrote-
in conjunction with Mr. Wyatt Gill, and
will keep
'Pioneering in New Guinea' (1887), a
I
knowledge of which is taken for granted in
Mr. Lovett's volume, since they were pub-
lished by the Eeligious Tract Society. It
appears that new editions of these somewhat
ill-arranged but interesting books, to both
of which we gave extended notice on their
appearance, have been specially preparedj
to accompany Mr. Lovett's volume. Mr.
I ennox has made his way through the
bewildering mass of Chalmers's travels and
records with care, and has appreciated his-
man well. Both volumes mention, as might
be expected, Stevenson's strong affection for
Chalmers, and each is provided with an index.
SCOTTISH TEXT SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS.
(lilbert of the Haiie's Prose Manuscript, a.d.
145(5. Vol. I. The Buke of the Law of
'
Armt/s or Duke of Jiataillis. Edited by
.J. II. Stevenson.
Cdtholic Tractates of the Sixteenth Ccnturij
(l.')73-l()0()). Selections edited by Thomas
Graves Law, LL.D.
Tlie New Testament in Scots: he iufi Purvey'
Itcvision of Wijrliffe's ]'ersion, turned into
Scots t)ii Murdocli Nisliet, c. l.jl'O. Eiliteil
l)yThomas Graves Law, LL.D. Vol. I.
Livij's llislorij of Rome: the First Fire Jiooka,
Scots John Jicllrnden,.
translated into bij
\:>:i:\. Edited by W. A. Craigic. \'ol. \.
feet high
1)11) the Gude and (ioillic Ballatis,' faintly
'
feathers, expurgated, and the 'Works of Sir William-
Mure break tho heart of the Scottish Text
'
Society for further prcsccution of Scottish
verse'.-' Or is it simply a coinriclenco that
since tlio.so pious and edifying volumes her I
tasto of the Society has been for prose? Pit-
scottio's 'Cronlclcs' made a good boginning,
now followed by tho four books cnmncratcd
above, and bridging ovor a century and a half.
Equally in point of vigoiir of diction and in
respect of priority in time, .Mr. Stevenson'*
prosontment of Sir (Jilbcrt Ilayo deserved the
attt^idJon now paid to it. H.ayc had scon
service in I'^ranco, and, priest though ho was,
" in virtue of lii.-*.
he raidis among thi" " niakaris
conscienlioiis verso rendering of the K'oiii.-inco '
of Alexander.' Mr. Stevenson is tho first to edit

30
Qiis prose translation of Honore lionet's Arbre '
des Batailles,' written circa I'AH'), and done
into Scots as Tlie Biike of the Law of Armys
'
in 145(5, after the translator's return to his
inative land. The treatise discusses the laws
of arms under very various aspects legal,
canonical, and ethical, as well as military
glancing the while at many slde-themcs of
history, morals, and jurisprudence. For in-
stance, among its problems is that of account-
ing for the fact that God gives the sun " na
vertu to schyno better apon a Cristyn
mannis corne na apon a Sarrazenis." And
with a like readiness to face the actual it dis-
poses of the issue " Quhethir rychwis men or
synnaris are starkarc in bataill ? " starting
with the odds strongly in favour of the greater
starkncss of the sinners. Editorially such a
work could not have been in better hands
than Mr. Stevenson's. He has compiled an
4idequate and informing preface, in which is
collected all necessary matter concerning both
the French author's book and its Scottish
translator. The text appears to be very
correct, though perhaps " lovable," pp. 84, 87,
might be better understood as lowihle (praise-
worthy), and" Vingang," p.5G, meaning circuit,
should certainly be umriami.
To the Tractates Dr. Law has prefixed a
'
' of the copy.
compact and excellent sketch of the contro-
versial literature of post-Keformation Catho-
licism, including brief biographies of James
Tyrie, John Hamilton, Nicol Burne, Adam
King, Patrick Anderson, and Alexander
Baillie, whose careers demonstrate the high
zeal and devotion with which they upreared
against every hazard the fallen standard.
Often printed in France under conditions
little favourable to typographic accuracy,
these booklets of religious debate, now
made the subject of judicious selection,
are perhaps more noteworthy for historical
curiosity than for their claims as contributions
to the tale of the old Scots tongue. John
Knox is handled with a polemic freedom which
is refreshing to consider. The subject of the
apostolic succession in laying on of hands
being under treatment, we get the following
gem of anecdote and commentary:
"Johann Kmnox ansuerit maist resolutlie,
man, we are anes entered lat se quha dar put us
baf,
out agane'; mening that thair was not sa monie
gunnis and pistollis in the cuntrej- to put him out
as was to intrud him with violence. Sua Johann
Kmnox be his auin confession entered not in the
kirk be ordinar vocatione or impositione of handis
botbe impositione of bullatisand poulder in culringis
and lang gunnis."
So said Nicol Burne in 1581.
Also committed to Dr. Law's practised care
as the deeply interesting New Testament in
' alluded to the main features of the life of
Scots,' from Lord Amherst's uniciue MS. In
some thirty pages of preface there is com-
(prised an amount of recondite information
regarding the manuscript texts of the Vulgate
and the early translations such as only the
most laborious and extended collation could
iiave made available. Incidentally there
smart passage at arms with Father Gasquet
regarding his argument that all existing MSS.
commonly ascribed to Wycliffe or Purvey were
in reality Catholic versions sanctioned or
tolerated by ecclesiastical authority. The
tproposition seems to come to pieces in Dr.
Law's grasp, but we do not wish to put our-
selves between "the pass and fell incensed
points" of clerical debate. Scotland has but
a sort of second-rate credit by this sole
example of Scriptural text of home inanu-
tfacture, for this New Testament is rather
to be called an edition or recension than
a translation. Murdoch Nisbet, who wrote
it, closely following his English model, was a
native of the parish of Loudon, in Ayrshire,
and one of those Lollards of Kyle of whom so
little is known. Holograph of the original
scribe, the text now so carefully furnished with
the accompaniment of continuous collation
with the Vulgate and with the early English
THE ATHEN^UM
translations is, as Dr. Law claims, a unique
Biblical monument of the Scottish Lollards.
'
An examination of linguistic peculiarities is
reserved for the concluding volume.
Bellenden's 'Livy' is one of those per-
formances which arc due to the command of
royalty. Of course, its theme was too remote
to invest it with much Scottish attraction,
beyond its diction and vocabulary, as transla-
tion. Mr. Craigie, in a brief and businesslike
introduction, mentions that his text has Ijeen
drawn from an exact transcript made for the
purpose from the Advocates' Library copy by
the Rev. Walter MacLeod, and that the value
of the work is mainly philological. A some-
what marked observation by Mr. Stevenson in
his prefatory note to Haye's MS. suggests the
desirability, for philological purposes, of edi-
torial collation, doubtless impossible in this
particular example in view of Mr. Craigie's
residence in Oxford. Specially interesting is
the account of the characteristics of the MS.
belonging to Mr. Ogilvic Forbes, of Boyndlie,
and collated by Mr. Craigie. Written in
several dilTerent hands, believed to be the
it is
production of no fewer than eleven scribes, who
presumably worked simultaneously, taking
separate sections as their respective shares
Livy speaks Scots as if to the
manner born. Mr. Craigie gives us only one
regret he might have been able to ascertain
: United Kingdom and the colonies ? He does
whether Bellenden in 1533 used a printed or a
manuscript version of the original author.
Perhaps he is reserving his plums of comment
for the notes in the second and final volume.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Maxim Gorky: his Life and Writings. By
E. J. Dillon. (Isbister & Co.) Dr. E. J.
Dillon has in previous works shown his inti-
mate knowledge of Russian life and Russian
character. In the present book he gives a
sketch of the career of Maxim Gorky, to em-
ploy that writer's nom de guerre, and makes
use of the short autobiography which Gorky
has given us, illustrating it with extracts
from his tales. The criticisms of Dr. Dillon
are sober. AVhile admiring Gorky's power of
'
Baf, drawing character and introducing picturesque
incidents, Dr. Dillon does not fail to find fault
with him for idealizing the criminals he
introduces, because tlieg are criminals. He
gives us the rudest pictures of life they are
; governing the emiiire in the most important
powerfully drawn, no doubt, but are they not
often extra artem ? We cannot see why the
autobiography of Gorky makes Dr. Dillon
think of that of Gibbon. Surely they are at
the opposite poles of writing. We have already
Gorky, and the educational influence which
the lawyer Lanin and the novelist Korolenko
had over him. He seems to be a man
who would not be contented in any circum-
stances. He is ijervaded with the spirit of
rebellion. From the time of Lomonosov, in
is a the first half of the eighteenth century, to
Drozhzhin, who is living in our time, Russia
has had a series of writers who have started
from a very humble station in life. The talents
of Gorky are great, and there seems now every
chance of their being adequately recognized.
The present book is well written and in an
appreciative spirit, and will no doubt do a
great deal to make Gorky better understood
in England.
Mr. H. M. Butler-Johnstone, formerly, we
think, a well-known member of Parliament,
publishes through Mr. George Allen Imperial-
ism, Federation, and Policij, a reprint of
articles contributed to an English paper pub-
lished in Belgium in 1896. The author writes
in the same fashion of his main subject as
do several gentlemen whose works we have
recently reviewed. His insight into foreign
affairs is considerable, and he pointed out in
1896 with much power the arguments in favour
of a treaty alliance with Japan which have
N^'SSOr, July 5, 1902
now prevailed with our Government. On
colonial and British trade matters he is,
we think, less competent but his views,
;
although we differ from them and think
them based upon insuflicient information, are
probably those of a majority of politicians in
this country at the present time. In his pre-
face Mr. Butler-Johnstone says that federation
between the United Kingdom and the colonies
has in the last six years become a question of
practical politics. He attacks opponents as
timid, and thinks it possible to bring about
federation on equal terms and on a democratic
basis, with the abolition of the House of
Lords, the creation of an elective Senate, and
the representation in that Senate of those
colonies which choose to join, admitting as he
does that only a few might come in at first,
and that "some might refuse to join at all."
India is to be excluded, and it is supposed
that such a scheme would consolidate the em-
pire! Now the objections have been pointed
out by no one more forcibly than by Mr.
Chamberlain in his speech on Mr. Hedder-
wick's motion, and Mr. Chamberlain cannot
be described as " timid." Moreover, why
should an arbitrary line be drawn, as is here
drawn, between what the author describes as
" dependencies " and "colonies," the arrange-
ment proposed being exclusively for the
not tell us what are " colonies." If he means
only the self-governing colonies that is, the
Commonwealth, the Dominion, the future
South African Confederation, N'ew Zealand,
and Newfoundland then we must confess that
it seems to us grotesque to hand over the
government India and that of the Crown
of
colonies in the most important questions
namely, those relating to the Imperial budget,
the army, the navy, and foreign affairs to a
new Senate in which there would be repre-
sented only the overwhelmingly large popula-
tion of the United Kingdom Home Rule being
given to Ireland and the comparatively
infinitesimal ten million people of the self-
governing colonies. But South Africa is not
in a condition to come in at all at present, and
there is every reason to supjiose that Aus-
tralia would not come in. Mr. Butler-John-
stone would, therefore, ask us to treat as prac-
tical a scheme for destroying the House of
Lords, giving Home Rule to Ireland, and
questions by a new Senate in which five
million colonists would be invited to take a
large share in disposing of the future of the
hundreds of millions of British subjects who
would go wholly unrepresented. Such schemes
are crude ; and the great knowledge and
ability of Mr. Butler- Johnstone are more
worthily employed upon the other portions of
his work, in which he deals with China, Persia,
Turkey, India, and Japan.
In the second volume of the History of the
Clan Gregor (Edinburgh, Brown), compiled by
Miss Amelia Murray Macgregor, one of the
vice-presidents of the Clan Society, there is a
great deal of "fine confused feeding," but
from the point of view of lucidity of arrange-
ment or expression we fear we cannot I'ate it
more highly than the previous volume. No
doubt the task was most difficult, owing to the
multitude of parallel lines, most of which at
one time or another produced persons of
high vigour and notoriety, who for the time
being loomed in the offended eye of the law as
representatives of that " wickit bike of law-
less limmars," the Clan Gregor. As the
chieftains of most of these lines had failed to
register their titles by the time the practice
had become well established on the Highland
side of the line, the genealogist had for the
most part to work without the assistance, so
invaluable in the case of most Scottish families,
which the Register House affords. Never-
theless the book is so voluminous, so con-
scientiously exhaustive, that no doubt its

N-'SSOr, July 5, 1902
conclusions will be accepted in the main by
The lines of Glen-
all loyal sons ol' Alpine.
stray, extinct with Archibald of Kilmanan
of Lados-ach, or Glenearnock, from whom the
present chiefs are descended of Koro, of ;
whom Balhaldies, so well known to investigators
of the history of Jacobitism, was the senior
cadet; of Dougal Ciar or Glongyle, the
eponymous chief of which seems to have been
maligned somewhat by Sir Walter Scott in the
matter of Glenfrnin, though tiie " Wizard " did
ample justice to his descendant, Rob Koy of
Brackley, and others, are indefatigably traced;
while every documentary notice of the humblest
of the clan would seem to have been embodied
in the book. Most of these, unhappily, relate
to the "justification," at Crieff and elsewhere,
of these determined opponents of the law. As
we have seen, the clan owed nothing to the
Stewarts, James VI. and Charles I. being most
strenuous in their edicts against the race and
name; yet at Kilsyth, at Killicrankie under
Macgregor of Roro, at Prestonpans and else-
where under Glenearnock, they turned out
in victorious force on the side of Scottish
royalty. Rob Roy was half a Campbell, and
his conduct in the '15 was by no means a model
of consistency. Of his son James Drummond
(is it not a modern corruption, by the way, to
speak of " Hamish " ]\Ior? Hamish is the
vocative, not the nominative case) we get
some interesting glimpses, including the
pathetic last letter, in which the poor exile
asks for his pipes. Miss Macgregor is glad
that Mr. Lang should have succeeded in
exonerating James Mor from the guilt of
"Pickle," but, like most Highlanders, is not
exactly grateful for the condemnation of Glen-
garry. The election of Balhaldies as chief by
certain leading families in 1714 is a proof of
the confused state of the succession at the
time the opinion upon it by Dundas is
; tents, edited by F. G. Selby (Macmillan),
remarkable as showing that so late as in 1799
it was considered that a matter of clanship
might be discussed and decided, on advoca-
tion_ from the Lyon Office, by the Court of
Session. To most people the quaint Jacobite
and other letters, and such ballads as
'
Gilderoy and Mary Macgregor's Lament,'
' '
with their tragic suggestions, will be the most
readable parts of the book. To the clan it
must ever be a valuable work of reference.
The next volume will complete the loving
labours of the distinguished editor.
The Diarij of a Goose Girl, by Kate Douglas
Wiggin (Gay & Bird), represents a young lady
of the sort that a few years ago were called
"girls of the period," smart and flippant, as
becoming bored with life among her relatives
and admirers in a Sussex liydropathic estalj-
lishment, and " running away " to a neighbour-
ing village to take up her quarters for three
weeks on a poultry farm. Here she philo-
sophizes agreeably enough upon the manners
of ducks and geese and barndoor fowls until
discovered and carried off. by the most per-
sistent of her admirers, who overcomes her
last pretences of objection to his suit by
promising her a model poultry farm to play
with, in which perches shall bo of satinwood
and drinking-troughs of mother-o'-pearl. It
is an amusing trifle, in the humorous vein
which her admirers have learnt to associate
with Mrs. Wiggin's productions. Her render-
ing of the Sussex yokel's dialect is the worst
the present reviewer has ever seen, and is a
poor presentation of the speech of Whitechapel
urchins. Also, though American poultry
farmers talk of "broilers," the expression is
unknown in rural England, "spring chicks"
being the most common equivalent.
M. CM.\ir.i,j;v-Bi:i:r j.ublishes
Libiairie Armand Colin
Aiuk-i-h
Di.vdc
I'olilifjtic Coloni(ile,a book which is more suit-
able and interesting to French than to f':nglish
readers. The diarm whicli wo found in the
author's works on Dutch India is
; .
THE ATHENiEUM 31
wanting in his present volume because, based .Vcienec.
Alt)ert (B.), The Diagnosis of Surgical Diseases, 8vo, 18/net.
as largely upon British experience as to
it is
Baillli^re's Popular Miuinikin, edited l)y W. S. Furiieaux,
the necessity of diversity in colonial adminis- olp|i>ng fiillo, iHmrda. :>/ net.
tration, it is specially addressed (o his own lliorns (A. II ), .Mfliillography, cr. Svo, 6/
l.endon (A. A.), Clinical Lectures on Ilyuatld Disease of the
countrymen. It is worth notice that in one Lungs, Svo, .>/ net.
passage he names Morocco as a future colony Marsh (H.), Clinical lls.says ami Leitiireg, Svo, 7/6
ol France, but in another admits tiiat the Genernl Literature.
INloorish question can only bo dealt with by All the Worlds Fighting Ships, l'.'ii2, edited by F. T. Jane,.
olilong folio, 1.)/ net.
a combination of three Powers. We wonder Hak>'r (11. n.), Hobert Miner, Anaiehlst. cr. h\o. ,'t,rt
which three. France and Great Britain and Directory of Americans iii London an<t Great Britain, May,
Spain are neighbours. Germany, however, l'.K)2, cr. Svo, .')/
Galvane (S.), War Horses, Present and Future, 2/6 net.
; considers hcrseli' deeply interested in Morocco, Giitlith(G ), The White Witch of Mayfalr,cr. Svo, /
and would jirobaljly make connnon cause with Hoitgson (G 1, '1 he Sulitle Thing lial s Spirit, cr. Svo, 6/
t
Ki.ici (W ), The Life of a B..ld A B. on his Ship in the Koll-
any two ot the three I'owers we have named ing C, folio, sewed, 3/6
which might 1)6 dissatisfied with the third. Praed (Mrs. C ), Dwellers by River, cr. Svo, H/
Thomas (U. H ), Spiderlaiid, cr. Svo, boards, ft/
In Messrs. Dent's dainty edition of
Thackeray Tlie Ncwcomes, 3 vols., is now FOREIGN.
out. Mr. C. E. Brock's illustrations are Theology.
clever, as always, thougli not entirely satis-
Getiliardt (O. v.), Passio S. Theel;e Virgiuis, <<m. 50.
Loots (F ), Synibolik od. cliristllclie Konfesslonskunder
fying. Mr. Jcrrold's ' Note' by way of pre- V(d. I, tim. t^O.
face is able. The chief court of Trinity, Rotbstein (J. W.), Die Genealogie des K6iiigs Jojachin u.
seiner Naehkoninien, .'im.
Cambridge, which is the frontispiece of the Wilmers (G De Fide Divina Librl IV., 4m. ^0.
),
first volume, is well pictured, but seems, owing Fine Art and Archteology
to the point of view, more spacious than it is. Bode (VV ), Florentiner Bildhauer der Renaissance, IPm.
Jahreshette des iisterreichischen arch;iologischen Instituts
In the excellent "New Century Library" in Wien, Vol. 5, l.ini.
of Messrs. Nelson & Sons Carlyle's French Kaufmann (C. M ), Das Koisergrab in den vatikaniscbea.
Grotten, 25m.
Revolution has appeared, but we doubt if even Prama.
in this attractive form his abrupt narrative Maeterlinck (M.), Theatre, 3 vols. 12fr.
can be really popular. People will put the Sarcey (F.), Quarante Ans de Thiatre, Vol. 8, 3fr. 50.
History and Biography.
book on their shelves, at any rate.
Annales Internationales d'Hitoire, 7 vols, .^5fr.
Herrick's Poems and Hazlitt's Sketches Caron (P.) et Saguac (P.), L'Etat Actuel des Etudes d'His-
and Essays are two additions to the " World's toire Moderne en France, 3fr.
Classics" (Grant Richards) remarkably Fagniez (Q.), Le Due de Broglie, 2fr. 50.
Haslan (H.), Legendes et Veritas: la Guerre Franco-
cheap books, as we have said before. The Allemande, 3fr. 50.
Pfister (C), Histoire de Nancy, Vol. 1, 25fr.
volumes seem to appear in various colours ;
Wilmotte (M.), La Belgique, Morale et Politique, 1830-
we do not know if they can all be had in 1900, 3fr. 60.
blue, say, or green. Geography and Travel.
Birt (T.), Qriechische Erinneruigcn e. Reisenden, 3m. 60.
"We have on our table Famotis Encjlishmeny Reiss (W.)u. Sliibel (A.), Reisen in Siid-Amerika II. Ost- :
by J. Finnemore, Vol. II. (Black), Burke's Cordillere, Part 2, 20m.
Suess (E.), La Face de la Terre, Vol. 3, 15fr.
Tlioucjhts on the Cause of the Present Discon-
and Pastimes.
i^'potts
Traits Pratique de la Chasse et du Gibler,
Testart (L.),
JMrj Log Book (R. B. Johnson), Of Gardens, bfr. 50.
an Essay by Francis Bacon, with an Introduc- Science.
tion by H. Milman (Lane), Hoic to Reason, Kayser (H.), Handbuch der Spectroscopic, Vol. 2, 40m.
Philology.
by the Rev. R. C. Bodkin (Dublin, Browne and
Corpus Inscriptionum Ktruscarum, Parts 9 Id, 2'^m.
& Xolan), Worth Church, Sussex, by the Rev. Meyer (L ), Handbuch der griechischen Etymologic, Vol. 4,
A. Bridge (F. Sherlock), A Skeleton German 14m.
Siitterlin (L.), Das Wesen der sprachlichen Gebilde, 4m.
Grammar, by H. G. Atkins (Blackie), Torp (A Etniskische BeitrJige, Part 1, Cm.
),
Anahjtical Psijchologu, JSIental Analnsis, by L. Ulrich (J.), Italienifclie Volksromanzeii, 4m.
Witmer (Ginn), Easij Mathematical Problem General Literature.
Papers, by C. Davison (Blackie), One World Beaumont (C), Vert-de-Gris, :ifr. 50.
at a Time, by T. R. Slicer (Putnam), .! Dhastre (R.), Le Raiser de la Vie, 3fr. 50.
Eriande (A.), La Tendresse, aSr. 50.
Course in Invertebrate Zoi'dogij, by H. S. Pratt Hopital (J. 1'), Le Fits de M. Pommier, 3fr. 50.
(Ginn), and St. Alkmund's, Donnisthorpe, by Mandelstamm (V. ), Jim Blackwood, Jockey, 3fr. 50.
Monroy (U. O'), Aux Bords dn Teudre, ;)fr. 50.
H. Halloran (Digby & Long). Pape-Carpantier (Mile.), Kernevez, 3fr. 50.
PrCvost (M.), Le Pas Releve, 3fr. 50.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH. INTERCESSORY SERVICES AT ST. PAUL'S.
Theologi/. "The Form and Order to be observed in the
Horton (J.). 5Iv Senrch for Truth and What I Found, 2/6 Coronation of their Majesties King Kdward VIL
Tigert (J. J.). Theism, cr. 8vo, 5, and Queen Alexandra in the .Vbbey Church of
Fine Art and Archeology. St. Peter, Westminstec, on Thursday, the L'Gth
Bennett (L and Dorman (K ), The Corona of Royalty, 2/6
Caflin
)
(C H.), Photography as a Fine Art, 4to, ].'>/ net.
day of June, 1!)02," had been long printed, and
Lydon (N. S.), Cusacl^'s Perspective Drawing, 4to, 3/6 net. rehearsals of the ceremonies and of the music
One Hundred (iems of Englisli Scenery, folio, 18/ net.
diligently practised, when suddenly, at the final
Kuskin (J.), Of Kings' Treasuries, Of (Queens' Gardens.
2 vols. 8vo, tiO; net. rehearsal, on the 24tb, the news of the King'*
Valentine (L.), Picturesque England, Ho, 7/6 alarming illness was divulged and the coming
Poetry and Drama. solemnity of necessity postponed. When the
Cbesson (N.), A'luamarinep, cr. 8vo, iS'net. long-looked- for Thursday arrived, with roya}
Crowley (A.), Tannhauser, Ito, 5/ net.
Hickards (M. S. C), Musings and Melodief, cr. 8vo, 3/6 net. wealher overhead, the nature of the relioiou.t
Music. ceremonial and also the stage for its per-
Annesley (C), The Standard Opera-Glass, 12mo, 3/6 formance were entirely chan>,'e(l. The gieat
History and tiiography. majority of those representative men and women
Birrell (A.), William Hazlitt, cr. Svo, 2/ net.
China
who would otherwise have thronged the historic
Temple CSir H.). Progress of India, Japan, and in the
Century, extra cr. Svo, .V net. Abbey of the Confessor, as well as all the chief
Vulliety (H.), La Suisse i travers Ie Ages, 4to, sewed, 20/ ministers in the actual ceremonial, using the
Geography and Travel. Earl Marshal's summons to the Al)bey as-
Hawnsley (IL D ). A Hamtjler's Note-B(;ok at Die English
vouchers for admittance, found their way oiv
Lakes, cr. avo, 5/ net.
Thursday to the Cathedral Church of St. Paul.
Sports and I'attimet.
Spencer (E ), The King's Racehorses, itn, 63/ net. It is scarcely possible to imaRino a more
ab.soluto change from the i,'raiid and stately
through the I'hiloUxjy.
GuliandC. II.), Kl-mcnlary Mo<lern Arrm-nian fJramtnar service of a Coronation, wiiii all its pomp and-
KlemenlHry English Grammar for the L'se of Armetilnn.s,
;
pai^eantry, its roll of drums and bhire of tnitn-
cr Svo. :j/ each.
pet%. its anthems, Hhouts of
" recognition," and
Kordglen (O. C.) and Kunow (K.). Portuguese ConversBtlon
Grammar, cr. Hv". Do Key, 2'
.'>, ; , triumphant 'To Denm,' than that which
Spiers (\'.), S-^cond French Hik.U.Xvo, I).mrd8. 2/6 awaited the worshippers at St. Paul's. Aii
perhaps only Werkhaupt (G.) and I{oller(E.). Kinsian Head.T, 2
 32
*' Order for Special Service " was put into their
hands, but it was " An Act of Humble Su|)pli-
cation to Almighty God for His Majesty King
Edward VH. His Sickness." Opening with
in
the Church's Litany, sung after the ancient
method in procesnon, and closing with the peni-
tential 'Miserere,' the whole of the hour's
service was one long strain of beautifully
rendered intercession. This great and memor-
able congregation were gathered together with
no outward distinction of rank or dignity.
Every kind of uniform or otticial garb and all
decorations and orders were by unanimous
consent and instinctive good feeling left at
home. Even the great Eastern magnates dis-
<:arded for the time all bright array and jewelled
splendour every one seemed desirous not to
;
vaunt himself above his fellows, and the quietest
.garb of ordinary dress was adopted save by those
who took part in the procession. The choir and
clergy, the bishops and archbishops, as the con-
ductors of the service, were perforce in the
vestments of their respective offices, and follow-
ing them came the Lord Mayor's procession in
all its quiint array of brilliant civic magnificence.
It was assuredly the feeling of many of that
exceedingly earnest congregation that it would
have been better and more in consonance with
the changed circumstances had the City Fathers
on this one occasion been content to appear as
ordinary citizens. This unneeded civic pomp
was the one jarring note.
The third great Christian church erected on
this commanding site in the centre of England's
capital, opened for worship in 1697, twenty-two
years after the laying of its foundation, has wit-
nessed many a national gathering. In 1702 the
first of eight great acts of thanksgiving for
victories of Anne's reign occurred, at seven of
which the Queen was present in person, all of
them held in the then new Cathedral Church of
St. Paul. The whole of the church was declared
for the occasion to be the Queen's Chapel
Royal, and the seats were disposed of and all
arrangements made by the Lord Chamberlain.
The two Houses of Parliament attended
en masse, the House of Commons being
accommodated on the south side of the choir,
with the Speaker in the bishop's throne. The
dean and prebendaries were hustled out of their
rightful places and had to be content with
chairs within the altar rails. In the same
reign, and subsequently, there were various
formal services of humiliation and prayer
before the beginning of military or naval
enterprises, the recent Boer war being the
only one on record which has had no prelude of
national fast and humiliation. In 1789 poor
George III., with his innate sense of religion,
on recovering from his mental affliction, himself
suggested and carried out a service of personal
thanksgiving beneath the roof of this Cathedral.
lb will, too, be well within the memory of many
how solemn a service was here held in February,
1872, when E.iward VII., then Prince of Wales,
knelt by the side of his widowed mother under
Wren's great dome, to return thanks for his
recovery from an alarming attack of typhoid
fever. Moreover, only eighteen days had
elapsed since Edward VII. and his Queen had
attended at St. Paul's to make an Act of
Thanksgiving for the blessings of peace.
Going back in memory and history to all the
known gatherings of national import in the
great church of the metropolis, we surmise that
the assembly of notables on June 26th exceeded,
notwithstanding the complete absence of pomp,
both in number and importance, all other
congregations that have ever worshipped in the
same place. In addition to accredited repre-
sentatives of the United States and at least ten
of the chief European Powers, there was a host
of our Indian and African dependent magnates,
as well as the Premiers of all our great colonies.
In various parts of the choir and beneath the
dome there were blended, in happy confusion,
royal dukes and every grade of the peerage
THE ATHEN^UM
Cabinet ministers, and members of the House
of Commons judges, lord-lieutenants, high
;
slioriffs, and chairmen of county councils ;
mayors of great cities and of metropolitan
boroughs men of science and of letters poets,
; ;
painters, and actors as well as eminent repre-
; with suggestions and criticisms as to their
sentatives of our men of action both afloat and
ashore.
In this world-wide gathering there was a
unity and fellowship that no well-marshalled
State pageant could possibly have achieved.
Sympathy in suffering has done more to bring
the empire together and to win her friends than
could possibly have been achieved by the most
lavish outlay of regal magnificence. These and
other lessons to be gathered from the dramatic
upset of the plans of King and people were
nobly set forth in the stirring sermon of the
Bishop of Stepney, delivered at St. Paul's on
Sunday, June 29th, when the intercessory ser-
vice of Thursday was repeated.
LORD ACTON.
Last week Lord Acton was chiefly considered
as a teacher at Cambridge. I add a few notes
of a more general kind. If there was a unique
figure in Europe, it was Lord Acton. To com-
bine the country squire, the peer of the realm,
the lord in waiting to the Queen, the Professor
of History at Cambridge, the profound lay
theologian^ was, indeed, a record to which there
is no parallel. Descended from an old Shrop-
shire family of baronets, he was made a peer by
Gladstone, because he could best represent
learned Roman Catholic opinion in the House
of Lords. The University of Cambridge gladly
accepted him as their professor because he was
well known to be the most erudite historian in
England. We have no doubt the late Queen
found him equally efficient as a lord in waiting,
whatever the duties of that high situation may
be. Years ago, when the discussions in Rome
concerning the limits of the Papal authority
agitated the Catholics of Europe, Lord Acton
was understood to be the leader, and his house
the meeting-ground, of the Old Catholic party,
or at least of those who desired to maintain such
religious liberty as is consistent with Catholic
dogma. The pupil and friend of Dollinger had
many special gifts for such a position, most of
all that of modesty and urbanity, for nothing
could have persuaded him to be an insurgent
or a heretic to his traditional faith. His long
residences abroad and his marriage into the
Bavarian house of Arco gave him somewhat of a
foreign air. He thought in German and in French
as easily as in English, and spoke these languages
as perfectly as any man in the world can speak
three languages, but, as is always the case, not
without some slight detriment to his English.
His writing was not so attractive as his con-
versation, owing partly to its cosmopolitan
flavour, partly, also, to the overcrowding of
materials which congested the flow of his expo
sition. The
extraordinary introduction to
Machiavelli's Principe will serve as the best
'
' J.
illustration of this criticism. It so bristles with
quotations and references that we are diverted
from the argument to wonder at the learning of
the writer. His Cambridge lectures are said to
have laboured under the same defect. They
were so packed full of matter as to be obscure
and difficult to follow. To the same cause we
may attribute the scantiness of his publications.
He knew far too much to write books, for on
every topic a thousand authorities would suggest
themselves, and consequently the drag of hun-
dreds of problems. He had been collecting for
years materials for a general history of civil and
religious liberty in Europe. His references to
books were indexed on cards, and when the
present writer saw them, years ago at his hotel
in Cannes, this index would in itself have filled
volumes. But though it was easy enough to predict
that such an amassing of stores was unpractical
;
for an author, it was inestimable in its worth to
N3897, July 5, 1902
the professor and the literary adviser. When
asked for help in pursuing any historical
question, he would lead the way to his
study, and there read out to the inquirer
the authors and books upon the subject,
respective value. His rich mine was always
open to the honest student, and in this,
perhaps the most important function of the
modern professor of history, he was probably
the foremost man of his profession. "The peer
and the politician in him were subsidiary, as
it were, to the professor.
He was a handsome and serious man, who
had an air of diligence and of thought about hie
lofty forehead, which struck even casual
observers. In the Athenteum Club, which he
frequented, he seemed always so absorbed in
work that one hesitated to interrupt him, even
to put an important question. Yet nothing
could exceed his courtesy when thus inter-
pellated. He seemed at once to acknowledge
the right of a literary man to profit by his
intellectual wealth. Nor was he wanting in
sympathy with the ordinary things of life. He
used often to speak with admiration of the week
he spent in Dublin at the Tercentenary Feast of
the University, and say that it was the most
splendid affair he had ever witnessed. But he
was himself one of the glories of the occasion,
for there was hardly a foreign delegate who did
not seek an introduction to the famous peer-
professor, the lusus natures which England had
produced. It is earnestly to be hoped that his
vast but orderly catalogues of materials upon
the historical problems he studied may be
deposited where scholars can consult them.
This would be the best and the most lasting
memorial of his noble and laborious life.
M.
A CASE OF PLAGIARISM.
It is, I think, a duty to literature to call
attention to clear cases of plagiarism when de-
tected. The Daily Chronicle of June 26th did
me the honour of summarizing at the foot of its
Honours List, with full and handsome acknow-
ledgment, an article of mine on Coronation
'
Peerages' in the Monthly Bee iev: of last Feb-
ruary. The tit. James's Ga::ette of July 1st has,
on the contrary, utilized my article, without any
acknowledgment whatever, for four out of five
of the notes in its " Obiter Scripta " column.
Even my quotations are "lifted " by the writer,
who unconsciously betrays the extent of his own
knowledge of the subject by introducing on his
own account two grotesque errors. Confusing
the earldom of Manchester (1626) with the
dukedom (1719), he writes : The Dukedom of
'
'
Manchester has the distinction of having been
born at the coronation of Charles Stuart." And,
similarly confusing the Dudley earldom of
Warwick (1547) with the Greville one (1759), he
informs us that "The earl of Warwick" is
among the " Coronation lords." To this extent
he may claim the credit of originality.
Horace Round.
SALE OF AMERICANA.
Messes. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge sold
last month the following rare American books
from the library of Mr. Marshall C. Lefi"erts, of
New York Beverley's Virginia, 1705, lOL 2.s. 6(/.
:
John Eliot's Indian Translation of the Bible,
1663, 370/. Bishop's New England Judged,
1661-7, 171. John Bonoeil, On Virginia, 1622,
67L Thos. Budd, Good Order established in
Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 1685, 1251.
Wm. Bullock, Virginia Impartially Examined,
1649, 271. R. Calef, More Wonders of the
Invisible World, 1700, 29L Brief Description of
the Province of Carolina, 1666, 42L Two Charters
granted by King Charles II. to the Proprietors of
Carolina, 1704, Las Casas, The Spanish
261.
Colonie, in English by M. M. S., 1583, 301.
W. Castell, Petition for the Propagation of the


N3897, July 5, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 33

Gospel in America, 1C41, 23/. P. Copland's Vir- We are glad to see that Mr. Spenser Wil- T. P. O'Connor became deeply interested in
ginia's God be Thanked, 1G22, 221. Bucaniers of kinson's The Great Alternative a Plea for
*
: the story, and ultimately resolved to make
America, first edition of the four parts (with 4 a National Policy,' has readied a now edi- a volume of it. The final " copy " was
unique leaves), lGS4:-5, 55/. George Fox, Secret tion, to which is prefixed a note which is delivered last week, and the book will bo
Works of a Cruel People, &c., lG5i), 20/. Fox
modest in face of the fact that much of the out in a few days. It will bo published by
and Burnyeat, New England Fire Brand
Quenched, 1(579, 30/. Luke Foxe, The North- virtual prophecy of the volume has come Mr. Arrowsmith.
West Fox, 1G35, 20/. Cato Major, by true since it first appeared. A .'^ociicTv is being formed to issue tlio
Franklin, uncut, 1744, 87/. S. Gorton, Mr. Iv. M. JouxsTox writes from 57, parish registers in the county of Surrey
Simplicitie's Defence against Seven - Headed Gorhara Street, Cambridge, ^Mass. :
which have not been already printed. The
Policy, 1G4G, 22/. 10s. John Hale. On Witch- "A few of your readers will doubtless be transcripts will be, as far as possible, lahatiin
craft, 1702, 35/. R. Hamor, Present State of interested to hear of the discovery of a copy of etliteratim, and will be printed on strong
Virginia, 1615, 98/. R. Harcourt, Voyage to the memoirs of Queen Mary Caroline. The fact
Guiana, 1G13, 29/. lO*-. R. Hayman, Qaod-
hand-made paper, with an index of names
that the (^aeen had left a MS. record first became
libets lately come over from New Britaniola, and places. It is hoped tliat at least three
known a few years ago through Count de la Ville
Oid Newfoundland, 1G28, Hi2;ginson, Jan.,
41'. sur Yllon and Baron Lumbroso (see the latter's
volumes a year will be issued to the
New England's Plantation, 1630, 4G/. Wm. Hub- 'Correspondance de Murat,' Introduction). The members.
bard, Troubles in New England, 1676-77, 50/. copy seen by them was immediately withdrawn The library of Trinity College, Dublin,
Indian Wars in New England, five folio tracts, from the reach of investigation by the late King will be closed for a fortnight from Monday
1675-7, 125/. Articles of Peace between Humbert. That which I had the good fortune next.
Charles II. and several Indian Kings, May to discover a few months ago is historically of
29ch, 1677, 47/. L Keymis, Second Voyage much importance, especially for the Queen's A cokrespoxdext writes from Padua con-
to Guiana, 1596, 62/. John Lederer, Dis- relations with Lord Willian\ Bentinck. It deals cerning an item in Mr. Bromby's article last
coveries in Virginia and Carolina, 1672, 120/. at length with the years 1805 to 1814, and is week: '^ Zelaria is a phantom and nothing
Lescarbot, Nova Francia, 1609, 27/. Peter continued down to within a few weeks of the more neither to be found nor to be sought
;

Martyr's Decades of the New World, 1555, Queen's death. It contains, in an appendix, in a dictionary. Read zclal'ia zelatina --

36/. General Laws and Liberties of the copies of a large number of documents, many gelatine." The meaning is that which Mr.
Massachusetts Colony, 1672, 105/. N. Morton, unpublished, some of importance. I have made
New England's Memorial, 1669, 87/. New Bromby suggests.
considerable use of this MS. for a history of
England's Ensigne, 1659, 33/. A Boston Naples between the years 1805 and 1821 on Messrs. William Clowes & Sox.s inform
Revolutionary Broadside, December 1st, 1773 which I am engaged. To any especially in- us that after Monday next their permanent
{against tea), 28/. G. Scot, Model of the terested in the subject I shall be pleased to address will be 23, Cockspur Street, instead
Government of East New Jersey, Edin., give further information." of 34, Southampton Street.
1685, 56/. Capt. John Smith, A Map of
The vet.
Mr. William Le Queux has been appointed A coRREsroxDENT Writes :
Virginia, 1G12, 120/. A. The
Newfound World or Antarctick, 1568, 40/. Consul for the Republic of San Marino. Mr. " What has become, can you
tell me, of the
Gab. Thomas, Account of Pennsylvania, Le Queux was secretary of the British diplo- long-promised catalogue of the London Library ?
1698, 109/. Columbus Letter, a translation, matic mission which visited the Republic The advertisements of the Library inform
1494, 50/. Nova Britannia (Virginia). 1609, last year to make an extradition treaty. intending subscribers that among the advantages
35/. The New Life of Virginia, 1612, 40/. He has for some time been engaged in they will enjoy is that of purchasing the old
Whitbourne's Newfoundland, both parts, 1620- writing a history of this ancient republic, catalogue but most people would prefer the
;

1622, 33/. Roger Williams, The Bloudy
which has existed as an independent state
Tenent yet more Bloudy, 1652, 52/.
for over fifteen hundred years. The book,
which will be profusely illustrated, will be
issued in the autumn.
ILttErarB Jossfp.
Mr. D. G. Hogarth writes concerning
Mr. Fishek Untv^ix will publish before
'The Nearer East : '
long a volume entitled 'The Teacher and
the Ciiild,' by Mr. H. Thiselton Mark,
"More than one reviewer of my 'Nearer
East,' and yours among them, has ascribed to
Master of Method at the Owens College, me ignorance of Mr. H. B. Lynch's 'Armenia,'
Manchester. The book is written in plain, because I speak of it in a note as about to
untechnical language, and is primarily appear. Your critic charitably supposes absence
designed as a manual on the theory and from England to account for this. I have not,
practice of education for teachers in Sunday however, been out of the country since Mr.
and night schools. All its suggestions are Lynch's work was published but my Nearer '
; '
privilege of buying the new one, which, by all
accounts, is to be a nearly perfect work."
Messrs. Sotiiebv, Wilkixsox & Hodge's
three days' sale of books and manuscripts
on July 28th and two following days will
include a good many important and rare
books, notably a beautiful copy of the
unique first edition of Dr. Isaac Watts's
'
Divine Songs,' 1715, and a very fine and
perfect copy of 'The Ryall (or Royall)
Book,' printed by Caxton at Westminster
1487-8, of which only about five perfect
examples are recorded by Blades. There
The
is also a copy of the 1818 edition of

based on the author's personal experience East,' although it did not appear till March,
Knave and Queen of Hearts,' attributed to
1902, was not only written, but printed off
in schools and training colleges. The reli- Charles Lamb but one of the principal
many months earlier some time, in fact, before ;

gious standpoint is unsectarian.
Mr. Fisher Uxwix has also nearly ready
a new volume in his shilling series which
Mr. Lynch's book saw the light. I would plead
that I reviewed the latter last autumn, did I
think such a statement in the least likely to
convince a brother reviewer that I had read it
'
attractions in the sale will be a very good copy
of the Second Folio Shakspeare, with John
Smethwick's title-page, of which not more
than three or four copies have been dis-

was led off by Mr. Barry Pain's Another '

I

Englishwoman's Love Letters.' The title is Mr. C. Doxalu Rohertsox, whose success covered up to the present, the ordinary
* Hookey and the author is Mr. A. Neil
'
at Cambridge we noted last week, should issue having the name of Robert Allot, of
Lyons. The heroine is a London slum-girl, have been styled the grandson, not the son whose edition there is also a copy in this
and the story brings out the darker aspects of Robertson of Brighton. sale.
of the life of the London poor. At the Imperial Coronation Bazaar TiiEheirsof the famous historian Muratori,
which is to be held July 10th, 11th, and the author of the Scriptores Rerum Itali-
'

The Sphere will publish in its Christ-

at Modena in extreme
12th at the Botanical Gardens, some inter- carum,' who are living
mas issue a short story by the late Bret announced their intention
esting autographs will be offered for sale. poverty, lately
Harte, entitled The Convalescence of Jack
'
"Muratori
Amongst them will be a letter and a MS. to offer for sale the valuable
Hamlyn.' The same journal is to publish " the family.
in an early number a short story by the late
poem by Byron a page of MS. by Sir
; archives in the possession of
Walter Scott; a complete letter signed by Those consist of the manuscripts and pro-
Paul Leicester Ford, entitled 'A Checked used by that scholar in
Love Afldir.' Mendelssohn Jenny Lind's autograph copy
;
digious collections
of the words of Auld Lang Sync' with the
'
the preparation of his great work. The
Of Prof. Lewis Campbell's excellent pronunciation of the vowels marked by her- Municipal Council of Modena, the Directors
account of Plato's ' Eepublic some five ' self, the copy she always used when singing of the liiblioteca Estense, and a l)cputttzione
hundred copies have been already sold, this air; letters of Liszt, the late Amir di Storia Patria, thereupon applied to the
although it is not quite a month since Mr. Abdur-Kahman (very rare), &c. These will Italian Government for aid to pure base the
Murray published it. As
the little book, be sold at the stall of the Managing Com- entire collection, pointing out the danger of
although of a popular not intended
cast, is mittee of the Hospital interested. any disporsal of its contents and the loss
for the readers of the Strand Magazhiv, this Hwiv; read the articles in the Matin at to Italy by the sale of tlie whole or any
is a Lote worthy buccess. to foreign libraries or col-
I
the beginning of the Humbert scandal, Mr. fragiuents of it

34
lectors. Thanksthe instant energy of
to
the present Italian Minister of Education
any such catastrophe has been averted.
grant of 45,000 lire has been made to the
city of Modena for the purchase of the
archives, on condition that they are placed
in the Biblioteca Estense and made acces-
sible to scholars. The city is to repay the
State in ten yearly instalments.
A corv of the Bill to enable the Trustees
of the British Museum to remove certain
newspapers and other printed matter from
the present British Museum buildings is
before us. This is the sequel of the want
of room which we noticed some time ago at
the British Museum. It provides for a
" Hen don Building" to be erected, for the
purpose of storing " newspapers and other
printed matter" which appear to be
" rarely required for public use," but may
be consulted at Bloomsbury " on due notice
being given."
The following are among
mentary Papers which have been recently
issued Model Schools, Ireland, Return
:
showing Numbers of Teachers, &c. (Id.)',
Historical Manuscripts Commission, Report
on the MSS. of Col. David Milne-Home,
Vol. 1 (l.s. 4(1); Annual Report of the
Deputy- Keeper of the Public Records {Id.);
National Portrait Gallery, Annual Report
{2d.) ;Board of Education, Revised Instruc-
tions applicable to the Code of 1902 {-id.)
Draft Order in Council for further transfer
of powers to Board of Education from the
Charity Commissioners {\d.)
Statistics of;
Elementary Day Schools, &c. {6d.) Educa-
tion, Scotland, General Report for the
Western Division {2d.) Statutes made by
;
Magdalen College and New College, Oxford,
and by Christ's College, Cambridge {^d.
each).
SCIENCE
The Strange Adventures of Andreiv Battell of
Leigh in Angola and the Adjoining Regions.
Reprinted from Purchas his Pilgrimes.'
'
Edited, with Notes and a Concise History
of Kongo and Angola, by E. G. Raven-
stein. (Hakluyt Society.)
The Discovery of the Solomon Islands hj
Alvaro de Mendana in 1568. Translated
from the Original Spanish Manuscripts.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by
Lord Amherst of Hackney and Basil
Thomson. 2 vols. (Hakluyt Society.)
Andrew Battell was one of several seamen
captured by the Portuguese on the island
of St. Sebastian, taken thence to Rio
Janeiro, and sent across the Atlantic to be
imprisoned in Suo Paulo de Luandu, the
capital of Angola, in .June,
returned to his native village, Leigh, in
Essex, in 1610, and confided his adventures
to Samuel Purchas, then vicar of the neigh-
bouring parish of Eastwood, who first
incorporated his information in Purchas
his Pilgrimage' (l(il3); whilst Battell's own
papers after his death were published in
1625 in Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas
'
his Pilgrimes.'
Although Battell appears to have resided
in Angola and Kongo for " near eighteen
years," his narrative is comparatively
meagre, not occupying more than seventy
pages of text, apart from his notes on the
;
THE ATHEN^UM N 3897, July 5, 1902
country, its animals, birds, remarkable pro- larger scale (1 1,000,000), we could have-
:
ductions, and the customs of its people. wished to seesmaller subdivisions than
A And certainly its intrinsic importance would degrees in order to bring them more in
not have justified its reproduction by the agreement with the index of geographical
Hakluyt Society had it not been utilized by names, whose position is given in degrees
Mr. Ravenstein as an occasion for furnish- and tenths of degrees. We also think that
ing, in addition to copious notes with the this geographical index might with advan-
text, two valuable appendixes, in which he tage have been separated from the general
gives the early history of the Empire of index and glossary with which it has been
Kongo from its foundation in the middle of incorporated.
the fifteenth century until the end of the The translations of the six original Spanish
seventeenth century, and a similar account manuscripts describing the voyage of Alvaro
of the territory now known as Angola, de Mendana and the discovery of the Solomork
whose chiefs had owned allegiance to the Islands form by far the most attractive and
kings of Kongo until about the middle of important work which has been published
the sixteenth century. by the Hakluyt Society for many years and ;
Mr. Ravenstein illustrates his historical Lord Amherst of Hackney who acquired
notices of these vast regions in West Africa the most valuable of these MSS. from
by a map, on a scale of 1 3,000,000, which Quaritch thirty years ago with Mr. Basil
:
exhibits the alleged extreme limits of the Thomson and other assistants has spared
Empire of Kongo anterior to the arrival of no pains in carrying out the arduous task of
the Portuguese discoverers and conquis- editing them with scholarlike completeness.
the Parlia-
tadores towards the end of the fifteenth The narrative of the chief pilot, Hernan
century, as well as the approximate extent Gallego, gives such fully detailed nautical
of the Portuguese dominions at the close of observations that Admiral Milne and other
the seventeenth century. The battlefields, experts have been able to work out and lay
the routes of the Portuguese expeditions, and down a track chart of the voyage, and to
those of the Jesuit, Franciscan, Capuchin, identify, with tolerable certainty, every har-
and Carmelite missionaries are also traced, bour, islet, and creek which the Spaniard8
together with the travels of Andrew Battell. touched or passed in 1568, over three
Curiously enough, although the Jesuits hundred years ago. To the general reader,.
were the earliest missionaries in Angola, however, the most interesting document is
they do not seem to have furnished any that of Gomez Qatoira (or Zatoria), the
geographical or historical information re- chief purser and ofiicial chronicler of the
garding the country and the people, having expedition, which furnishes a romantic story
confined their activity to the seat of govern- of adventure, with good descriptions of the
ment and its vicinity and it is to the good customs, and habits of the natives, and natu-
;
;
work done by the Italian Capuchins alone ral products of the islands visited. The two
that we owe most of our contemporary MSS. by Mendana himself are both ofiicial,
knowledge of these regions. In fact, one being his full general report, unfortu-
although there was a board of missions nately somewhat mutilated, and the other a
richly endowed by the Portuguese Govern- shorter but independent account with some
ment, the work of the Christian missions, additions not in the former. The person-
owing to the corruption of the clergy and ality of the author of the fifth MS., Pedro
the evil effects of the slave trade, proved an Sarmiento de Gamboa, one of the most cele-
entire failure. brated navigators of the fifteenth century,
" Father Jose Antonio de Souza, who resided adds greatly to its interest. He it was who
Peru from this expedition
at S. Salvador from 1881-1887, and was subse- on his return to
quently created Bishop of Mozambique, virtu- under Mendana, in 1569, captured the last
ally admits this, for he says Christianity did
'
own hand. He was
:
of the Incas with his
not penetrate deeply it passed over the subsequently captured by one of Sir Richard
;
country like a heavy rain, which scarcely wetted
Grenville's ships, in 1586, and presented by
the surface of the land, and left the subsoil
absolutely dry and sterile.' He adds signi- Sir Walter Raleigh to Queen Elizabeth.
ficantly : By the side of the missionary stood He may well have been the prototype after
'
the slave trader. 'And surely it was the export whom Charles Kingsley modelled his Don
slave trade, created by the cupidity of the Guzman Sotomayor de Soto in Westward '
Portuguese, but shared in by Dutch, French Ho.' An account of his voyage to the
and English, which undermined the prosperity Strait of Magellan to intercept Sir Francis
of the country, and decimated its population. Drake in 1579 was published by the Hakluyt
And the missionaries never raised a protest Society some eight years since. The sixth
against this traffic, although it was against the
is an anonymous MS. from the Bibliotheque
tenets of their Church, for they profited by it.
which a French version
The only thing which they did for the wretched Nationale in Paris, of
has appeared in the well-known Voyageurs '
slaves was to endeavour to secure, as far as
1590. He possible, that they should not fall into the Anciens et Modernes.' It will be remem-
hands of heretics so that at least their souls bered that extracts from Gallego's narrative
;
might be saved, whatever became of their were published in Dr. Guppy's book on the
bodies." Solomon Islands whilst the MSS. of both
;
The identification of the old native names Sarmiento and Mendana have been printed
'
of places, mentioned by Duarte Lopez (1591), in the Coleccion de Documentos Ineditos
'
^
Pigafetta's 'Report of the Kingdom of (tom. v.), 1862. The difficulty of deciphering
Congo,' and others, referred to by Cavazzi some of these manuscripts can be judged
(1687), and found in Paiva Manso's col- from inspection of the photographic fac-
lection of documents (1492-1722), has been similes.
carried out with all the accuracy which we The Solomon group includes the recently
might expect from such an expert carto- acquired British possession of six important
grapher as Mr. Ravenstein. In regard to islands San Christoval, Malayta, Guadal-
both the map above mentioned and the canar, Ysabel, New Georgia, and Choiseul
separate chart of Ndongo (Angola) on a continued to the north-west by Bougain-

N3897, July 5, 1902
ville and Bouka, belonging to German}',
with several minor ones, such as Florida,
and numerous small islets, the whole
series extending over a length of some
six hundred miles. Of these Mendana's
ships explored the coast line and circum-
navigated Ysabel, over one hundred miles
in length, touched at some of the Florida
islets, surveyed most of the north side of
Guadalcanar for about seventy miles, and
reconnoitred a small south-west portion of
Malayta, with the whole of the southern
shores of San Christoval for about eighty
miles, in addition to visiting San Juan, Las
Tres Marias, and Ulawa :
"It is difficult for any one unacquainted with
the ocean miscalled the Pacific to realize the
reckless daring of the enterprise. Leaving in the
month of November with the hurricane season
just approaching crossing an ocean more than
; published.
7,000 miles in width, beset with unknown coral
reefs, in crazy vessels unprotected from the
teredo, and almost incapable of beating to wind-
ward with the prevailing wind behind them
; Way lie concluded that the visible universe is
and a ' dead beat all the way homeward
' ellipsoidal in form. Mr. Thackeray read a paper on
depending on provisions that no master, in the
worst days of our merchant marine, would have
dared to put to sea with, the adventurers had
a thousand chances to one against ever
finding their way home again. And
though they parted company for a time,
in nineteen months both vessels were safe
at anchor again in Callao, with the loss of
less than one-third of their ships' companies."
" It says much for the courage of the Spaniards
that no man has climbed the dividing range of
Tsabel Island since their day indeed, in the
;
various punitive expeditions that have been
undertaken by English ships of war, marines
and blue-jackets, armed with modern rifles, have
seldom been permitted to advance a furlong
from the coast, where they are covered by the
ship's guns. That thirty men, ignorant of the
country, subjected to incessant attacks from a
native population four times more numerous
than it is at present, should have pushed a four
days' journey into the interior, armed with no
more deadly weapon than the arquebus, goes
far towards explaining the extraordinary success
of the handful of adventurers who conquered
the New World under Cortes and Pizarro."
Mendana's hopes of planting a colony in
his new discoveries were destined never to
be fulfilled and, in fact, the Solomon
;
Islands, which had been delineated in their
approximate position in 1587, were not again
sighted by European navigators until seen,
but not recognized, by Carteret in 1766, by
Bougainville two years later, and in 1769
by Surville, who visited Ysabel just two
hundred years after Mendafia. Indeed,
their identification was not achieved until
1781, when the French geographer M.
Buache satisfactorily proved, in spite of
the incredulity of British cartographers,
that the islands visited by Bougainville and
Surville must be the long-looked-for Solo-
mon Islands of Mendana.
Ethnologists cannot fail to be much inter-
ested by the information afforded in these
Spanish manuscripts of the habits, customs,
and language of the population of these
islands, which seems to have changed but
little since their discovery three centuries
ago. In consequence principally of head-
hunting, many districts which were found
teeming with inhabitants by Mendai'a are
now desolate, but the people themselves
and their habits are extraordinarily un-
changed, whilst even their language seems
to have remained unaltered.
THE ATHEN^UM
We have only to add that the illustrations
are numerous and effective, whilst the chart
of the outward and return voyages of Men-
daua's squadron, and a more detailed chart
of the islands, showing how well the locali-
ties visited by the Spaniards have been
identified, are everything that could be
wished. As in all the Hakluyt volumes, the
index is irreproachable.
SOCIKTIBS.
Astronomical. J(/<' Kl Dr. J. W. L. Glaisher,
President, in the chair. M. BiKourdan eave an
account of his observations of nebula' at the Paris
Observatorj', liis aim being to obtain accurate
niicrometric measures of a large number of uebulju.
He presented to the Society two volumes of bis
observations, and also a volume containing I'ingru's
'Aunales Celestes,' which had been left in
the author, and which Rl. Bigourdan had edited and
Dr. Downing read a paper on the
distribution of the stars contained in the Cape
Photographic Durchmusterung. The author had
investigated the relation between stellar distri-
bution in the southern hemisphere aud the Milky
;
;
a comparison of Groombridge's and Struve's riglit
ascensions of close circumpolar stars. The paper
was preceded by an account of the life of Stephen
Groombridge and a description of his modes of
observation. Mr. Filon read a paper on the re-
yet, duction of measures of positions of Swift's comet
(a, 1899) from photographs taken with a portrait
lens. He concluded that such photographs can give
star-places accurate to about ()'83 second of arc.
Mr. Hinks read a paper on the determination of the
solar parallax from photographs of the minor planet
Eros, with a comparison of the results obtained at
Mount Hamilton, Minneapolis, and Cambridge.
Other papers were taken as read.
GKOLOGICA-L.Jiinp 18. Prof. C. Lapworth, Pre-
sident, and afterwards Mr. E. T. Newton, in the
chair. Mr. G. M. Edwards was elected a Fellow.
The following communications were read
Great Saint-Lawrence-Champlain-Appalachian Fault
of America, and some of the Geological Problems
connected with It,' by Dr. H. M. Ami, 'The Point-
de-Galle Group, Ceylon Wollastonite-Scapolite-
: in illustration were shown upon the screen.
Gneisses,' by Mr. Ananda K. Coomiiraswfimy, aud
'On the .Jurassic Strata cut through by the South
Wales Direct Line between Filton and Woottoti
Bassett,' by Prof. S. H. Reynolds and Mr. A.
Vaughau.
LiNNEAK. J^//;(c 1!).- Mr. W.
Carruthers. V.P.,
in the chair. The following gentlemen were elected
Fellows Mr. P. W. Mackinnon, Mr. T. G. Hill, and
:
Mr. Eric Drabble. Dr. W. G. Ridewood described
a new genus of Copepoda occurring parasiticaliy in
the suprabranchial cavity of the lamellibranch
Lyonsiella, for which, on account of the great infla-
tion of the thorax, he {)roposed the name Obesiella.
He showed that the systematic position of Obesiella
was next to Ascomyzon, in the family Ascomv-
zoutidffi. A conversational (iiscussion ensued, in
which the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, Prof. Hartog.and
the author took part. Mr. G. Massee described
some of the results of modern methods of investiga-
tion in mycology, illustrating his remarks by means
of lantern-slides. He pointed out tlie
some observers, who urged the suppression of genera
wholesale on the evidence of a few species, and
pleaded for the retention of familiar names until
a clear case for their suppression had been estab-
lished on evidence furnished by pure cultures. He
instanced the succession of generic forms in orderly
development from Vcrticillaria golani, through
Fimariuvi nolani and Cephalosporium to iVcctria
nolani, which, with its resting -spores, closes tije
cycle of seasonal growtli. He pointed out the difH-
culty of culture in the matter of parasitic bi)ecie8, a
difiiculty which might in the future be overcome,
cultures hitherto having necessarily been confined
to saprophytic species capable of growth in nutrient
media. Dr. D. H. Scott and Prof. Hsirtog offered
some remarks, wliich were replied to by the autlior.
Mr. W. P. Pycraft read the second i)art of jiis
'Contribution towards our Knowledge of tlie
Morphology of the Owls.' This dealt with the
osteology. After drawing attention to the close
resemblances between the skeleton of the Striges
and that of the .Aeeipitres among the Falconiformes,
and pointing out the homoplastic character of these
resemblances, he proceeded to discuss briefly the
more imp(trrant eliiiracters of the sevend genera and
of the nestling tkull.
3;-)
MlcitosconcAl,. Juni' IS. Dr. H. Woodward,
Pri'i^idenf, in the chair. Thi- Secretary read a note
from Mr. Ntdsoii on some high-i)ower photomicro-
graphs of I'lciiniaigma aiiffuldtiD/i, Siirin-l/ii yt rn'na,
and Concinodiscits ash rumjilialiix, taken by Mr. r*". K.
Ive*i, and thongii tlie ilhmiir)ating cone v.'as only
Mil.") of theaperturi' of the objective used, the plmto-
graphs were exceedingly good. Mr. A. llilger
exhibited a new photo-measuring micrometer
attached to a microscope designed speeiiilly for
accurately measuring the distances between the
lines of the spectrum, but it could also be used for
various laboratory juirposes. The microscope was
made to travel along the spectrum by means of a
screw, aud the readings were taken from tlie gradu-
ations on the j>eriphery of the large bead by which
the screw was rotated. Messrs. Watson ^v Sons
exhibited and described a new two-speed tine-adjust-
ment for microscopes. They also exhibited a micro-
scope fitted with a new holder by which metallur-
gical specimens could be held in any position while
under examination Messrs. Carl Zeiss exhibited
their Epidiascoiie, a projection a|)paratus liy means
of which large brilliantly illuminated pictures of
MS. by
objects cm be shown on the screen. Objects such as
ordinary lantern-slides and transparencies up to nine
inches stjuare, opaciue objects, such as photographs,
drawings, prints, bones, medals, butterflies in their
natural colours. ^:c.. were shown in illustration of its
ca()abilities. The Epidiascope was utilized to show
upon the screen the photo-micrographs by Mr. Ives
previously referred to, and also the drawings illus-
trating the papers read by Mr. Rousselet and Mr.
Weschc. A simi)lilied form of microscope was
afterwards attached to the instrument and micro-
slides were projected on the screen, giving pictures
about six feet diameter with great brilliancy and
sharpness of definition. Prof. Marcus Ha'tog gave
a short account of the structure ofacinetines from
observations on a species (Choanoplinja infiindi'
buliftra) epizoic on Cyclops. He demonstrated that
the spiral marking of the tentacles was due to a
double-threa'led constriction that in protrusion
;
and retraction there was no torsion, l)ut only au
opening and closing of the spiral and that the ten-
;
tacles were continued deep into the endosarc of the
creature. Ml-. C. F. Rousselet read his paper on
'Tin Genus Synchajfa,' with a description of five
new species. The subject was illustrated by a series
of drawings pi'ojected on the screen and by numer-
ous living and preserved specimens under about
:
'
The
twenty microscopes. Mr. Walter Wesclie gave a
brief regime oi his paper on Undescribed Palpi on
'
the Proboscis of some Dipterous Flies, with Remarks
on the Mouth-parts in Several Families.' Drawings
Speci-
mens of the palpi in several species, and in a more
rudimentary stage in other species, were exhibited
under microscopes. It was announced that the
next meeting would take place on October l.")th.
HiSTOUlCAL. June 19.
Dr. G. W. Prothero.
President, in the chair.
Messrs. J. A. Doyle ar,(I
G. M. Trevelyan were elected Fellows. A jiaper
was read b}' Jlrs. S. C. Lomas on 'The Slate Papers
of the Early Stuart Period,' and a discussion fol-
lowed, in which the President, the Director, aud
Mr. R. G. Marsden took part.
Hellenic- ./(/iy 1. Annual Mrcting.'A'w R.
Jebb, President, in the chair. In moving the adoj)-
tion of the Council's Report the President referred
to the satisfactory increase in the number of
members, and alluded to the losses which the
Society had suvtained bv death, including the
names of the Bishop of l)urham. Mr. C. J. .Monk,
errors of
and Mr. W. Stillnian. The Reiiort, which was read
by the Acting Hon. Secretary (Mr. H. P.. Walters),
showed that the activity of the Society in its various
departments had been satisfactorily maintained.
Attention was drawn to the ariungement which, by
the courtesy of the Society of Anticjuaries, now
rendered it possible for all general meetings to be
lield at Burlington House. Allusion was also made
to the excavations carried on for the third season
by Mr. Artliur Evans at Cnossus, in Crete, to which
the Society had contributed a grant of Kki/. and ;
regret was expressed tliat such a lamentably inade-
quate response had been made to the appeal for
subscriptions to the Cretan Exploration Fund,
wliich might render the completion of the work
impossible. The newly founded P.ritisli School at
Rome, to which the Society has jiromised a
grant of '2'>I. for three years, was also com-
mended to the attention of members. It was
announce(l that satisfactory progress had been
made with the facsimile of the Codfx N'eii'tus of
Arist<iphanes and with the piiblienlion of the
Briti>li School excavations at l'li> iiiKo.'i. It wa<aleo
announci'd that the Hon. Scerclar^' (.Mr. (ieorge
.Maciiiillan) would represent In' Society at the ter-
I
centenary of the Bodleian Library in October next.
The reports on the library and photographic collec-

36
tious botli bliowed tliiit i-atisfiictory progress liad
been made in tliose depaitiiientc, and it was
announced that a catalogue of the lil)rary would
ehortly be printed. The financial statement sliowed
receipts in the year of 1, 022/., and expenditure of
(;C5/. Forty-nine new memliers had been elected
and thirty-seven lost by death or resignation, giving
a net gain of twelve on the total, which now amounts
to with 2") honorary members.
7.">'.t, Profs. F.
Halbherr and A. Wilhelm liad been added to the
latter list. The total of subscribing libraries is
143. The adoption of the Report was seconded by
M. Bikelas, and the motion was unanimously car-
ried. Jlr. Arthur Evans then made a statement on
the results of his work at Cnossus during the i>ast
season, illustrated by diagrams and lantern-slides.
The season's work in the Palace of Cnossus, which
began on February 12th and was continued to June,
was fertile beyond all anticipation. Besides the
chambers that remained to be explored immedi-
ately contiguous to the Hall of the Double Axes and
that of the Colonnades, excavated last year, the
whole building was found to have a considerably
larger extension on the eastern side than had been
expected. The building was thus seen to have
climbed down the slope in descending terraces to
a point some 'JO metres east of the northern en-
trance. Considerable remains were uncovered of
the eastern boundary wall, or rather of four separate
walls in immediate contiguity to each other. The
new rooms adjoining the principal halls of the
central part of the eastern quarter i)roved of great
interest. South of the Hall of the Double Axes was
a chamber flanked on two sides by colonnades and
light areas, and provided with a small bathroom and
a private staircase leading to the upper rooms.
Throughout all this region it has been possible
to support a large part of the upper story, and a
most elaborate system of drainage has been
found, including latrines and drain pipes of
advanced construction. Further fine remains of
fresco had come to light
naturalistic foliage
and lilies, an aquarium of fish, and a lady in a
jacket and diaphanous chemise. It has also been
possible to reconstitute an important panel of
wall painting from a room excavated last year, giving
a complete and highly sensational scene from the
bull ring, in which girl toreadors took part. Large
fresh deposits of inscribed tablets had come to light
with ideographic signs, such as swords and granaries
and those indicating persons of both sexes. The
largest deposit referred to percentages some with
the throne and sceptre sign before the amount,
apparently recording the king's portion. A piece
of a Mycenreau painted vase with linear characters
and two cups with inscriptions written within them
in a kind of ink supplied wholly new classes of
written documents. Great numbers of clay seal im-
pressions were brought out, including a fragment of
one stamped by a late Babylonian cylinder. In
magazines below the later palace level, and belong-
ing therefore to an earlier building, occurred seal
impressions with pictographic signs, together with
an abundance of painted pottery of the "Kamaros "
or "Early Minoan' class, including specimens
which for egg shell-like fineness of fabric and beauty
of form and hue have never certainly been sur-
passed. Among the finds of smaller objects two own lands, and that these should then be con-
stood out respectively as of first-rate importance in
the history of architecture and sculpture. One of
these was the discovery of parts of a large mosaic
consistmg of porcelain plaques, a series of which
represent the fronts of houses of two or three .stories. undertaken for a long while to come, for all the
Fragmentary as most of these were, it was possible academies seem to be overburdened at present
to reconstitute a fair number with absolute certainty
and thus to recover an almost perfect picture of a
street of Minoan Cnossus in the middle of the second
millennium before our era. The different parts of physician and archjeologist, asserted his belief
the construction masonry, woodwork, and plaster
were clearly reproduced, and the houses, some of of frequent occurrence in
them semi-detached, with windows of four and
six panes oiled parchment being possibly used for
glass were astonishingly modern in theirappearance.
Other plaques found with them show warriors, and
various animals, a tree, a vine, and flowing water, so
that the whole seems to have been i)art of a large
design analogous to that of Achilles's shield. The
other find made towards the close of the excava-
tionwhich threw a new light on the art of addition of a mass of carefully ordered proofs.
Da?dalus, is the discovery of remains of ivory
figurines. These are carved in the round, the limbs
being jointed together, and. to judge by the most
perfectly preserved, they seem to have represented
youths in the act of springing, like the cowboys of
tlie frescoes. Ihe life and balance of the whole, B.C.), to settle trading relations with the in-
the modelling of the limbs, and the exquisite ren-
dering of details, such as the muscles and even the
veins, rai.'e these ivory statuettes beyond the level
of any known sculpture of the kind of the period
to which they belong. The hair was curiously indi-
cated by means of spiral bronze wires, and the
amount of gold foil found with them suggests that and from not a few of the still extant legends
they had been originally, in part at least, coated
with gold, in which case they would have been
THE ATHEN^UM
eaily examples of the chryselephantine jirtcc.-s.
The new materials bearing on the local religion are
extraordinarily rich. Remains of a miniature temi)le
of painted terra-cotta, with doves perched above
the capitals of columns, occurred in a stratum
belonging to the pre-Mycenican building. In the
palace itself a series of finds illustrated the
cult of the Double Axe and its associated
divinities. A gem showed a female ligure
ai)parently a goddess
bearing this sacred
now emblem. But more important still was the dis-
covery of an actual shrine belonging to the latest
JMycenrean period of the palace, with the tripod and
other vessels of offering still in position before a
base, upon which rested the actual cult objects, in-
cluding a small double axe of steatite, sacred horns
of stucco with sockets between them for the wooden
shafts of other axes, terra-cotta figures of a goddess,
cylindrical below, and in one case with a dove
perched on her head, and of a male votary offering a
dove. Of great interest also was the discovery in
an eastern corridor of the palace of a decorative
wall-painting, consisting of a series of labyrinths,
more elaborate than those of the later coins of
Cnossus. Owing to the constant need of supporting
the upper story, much of the work has been of a
difficult and at times dangerous nature, entailing
much work from carpenters and masons. Vast
masses of earth had also to be removed from parts
of the site, and nearly 250 workmen were constantly
employed. Throughout the whole Mr. Evans had
the devoted assistance of Dr. Mackenzie in super-
intending the excavation, and of Mr. Fyfe on the
architectural side. There still remained a certain
amount of delimitation and further exploration of the
strata below the later palace to be carried out next
season. Mr.R.Carr-Bosanquet,Director of the British
School, also gave an account of his excavations at
Paljeo-Kastro, in Crete, illustrated by diagrams.
Interesting remains of Mycenrean houses had been
discovered, and numerous tombs investigated, with
some very interesting results in painted vases. The
former President and Vice - Presidents were re-
elected, and Messrs. George Macdonald and E. E.
Sikes were elected to vacancies on the Council.
Prof. Camillk Jullian, of the University of
Bordeaux, has communicated to the last number
of Lehmann's Beitriige zur alien Geschichte a
proposal for the publication of a Corpus Topo- '
graphicum Orbis Antiqui.' He proposes that
it shall follow alphabetical order, and contain
every geographical name which is found in
ancient literature. He suggests that theexecution
of the work should be international, and that it
could scarcely be confided to better hands than
those of the International Association of Aca-
demies. His idea is that each nation should
employ its own scholars upon the topographical
description of the remains of antiquity in its
fided to the oversight of a general editorial body.
The plan of the French scholar looks excellent,
though there is little expectation of its being
with their tasks.
About ten years ago Dr. Zambaco, a Breton
that "le malde Saint-Lazare," a leprous ailment
Brittany, was of
Phfenician origin. A
lively controversy was
waged at the time over the theory, and it
seemed to have fallen into oblivion. At the last
session of the Paris Academy of Medicine, how-
ever, the assertions made by Dr. Zambaco were
revived by Dr. Rogals (of Folkestone), with the
The Phoenician navigators who visited the coasts
of Gaul and Britain during a great part of the first
thousand years before Christ (Dr. Rogals says
from about the seventh to the fourth century
habitants, brought the disease into the land.
Many local names in Brittany, even at the
present day, show traces of a Phcenician settle-
ment. Dr. Rogals not only drew his " proofs "
from archiX'ology, but also from numismatics,
and superstitions of the inhabitants. The sub-
ject aroused so much interest at the recent
N 3897, July 5, 1902
.session that the Academy will probably discuss-
it at some future session.
The institution of an Order of Merit recalls
the remarks of Sir Charles Bell on being made
a Knight of the Guelphic Order, 1831 :
"I confess myself to have been gratified by this-
distinction, that is, from the manner and time in
which it has been conferred. The intended batch
consisted of Herschel, Babbage, Leslie, Ivory, and
Brewster, the object being to show respect from
(lovernment for men of science, and it was deter-
mined that the Guelphic Order should become
the mark of distinction for scientific men. We shall
soon see what comes of this " !
The last sentence is still of significance.
Mr. Stanley William.s, of Hove, Brighton,
announces {Ast. Nach., No. 3796) a new variable
star in the constellation Lyra, to be designated
Var. 11, 1902, Lyrre. The range of photographic
magnitude is from a little below the eleventh to
below the twelfth, and the period is probably
almost exactly a year, though one of half that
duration is not precluded a maximum of
;
brightness will be due some time next month.
Dr. K. Graff, of the Urania Observatory, Berlin,
has detected variability in a star in Pegasus, to
be called Var. 12, 1902, Pegasi. Its magnitude
on April 24th, was estimated to be 8 7, which
gradually diminished until on May 28th it had
become 9 4 the period cannot yet be assigned.
;
The announcement of a new small planet having
been discovered by Dr. Camera at Heidelberg
on the 3rd ult. must be cancelled.
The Report of Proceedings under the Dis-
eases of Animals Acts for the Year 1901 (4i(?.),
and Report on the Sight Tests used in the
Mercantile Marine (3c?.), may interest our
readers.
FINE ARTS
archeology.
Outlines of ihe History of Design in Mural
Painting. By N. H. S. Westlake. Vol. I.
From Egyptian Period {Seti I.) until the
the
Time of Constantine. (Parker & Co.) This,
volume seems to be a reimpression of the instal-
ment, under a slightly different title, that we
reviewed in the Athenaum of January 18th
last, with chapters added on art in the Cam-
pagna and Southern Italy, the Republic and
Roman Empire, and among the early Chris-
tians. The first of these is extremely interest-
ing, and gives us
it is said, for the first time in
English many examples of " Samnite " or
Lucanian tomb-paintings containing scenes from
the life of the dead. We should ourselves say
that these were more indebted to the influence
of Greek models than Mr. Westlake seems
inclined to admit but as he founds his view
;
upon the accounts of archreologists like Miner-
vini and Helbig, he may be perfectly right.
The sivastika or fylfot which he depicts as
figuring on the breast of a supposed " Oscan
priest " in one of these paintings has mightily
the air of having been added by a later hand,
and it is evident that all the paintings are
not of the same age, and may even belong to
different stages of civilization. They deserve,
however, to be carefully studied, and the same
may be said of the monuments of later Roman
art here reproduced, including the Aldobrandini
'
Marriage and the Tusculan head which Mr.
'
Westlake, we think rightly, considers the most
beautiful example of ancient painting to be seen
in the Louvre. He is abundantly justified, too,
in pointing out the apparent influence of what
he calls " Egypto- Hellenic " or Alexandrian art
in much Roman architectural work, of which
he f^ives a curious example in the treatment
of certain columns in the house in the Farnesina
gardens discovered in 1879. The influence of
Egypt upon Mediterranean countries in general
has hitherto been underrated, and Mr. West-
lake does good service in drawing attention to
it. In his treatment of early Christian art
he is, perhaps, less satisfying. He does not
 N3897, July 5, 1902
approach the subject with the same absence
of prejudice, for it is evident that he is despe-
rately anxious to prove that the catacomb
painters had an art of their own, and he relies
uuch upon the Roma Sotterranea of Dr. North-
'
' in Pompeian art
cote and Bishop Brownlow. Yet the examples
that he brings forward are unconvincing, and
it is difficult to imagine that the early tomb-
paintings which can be definitely assigned
to Christian authors are anything but poor
and mean copies of the pa<]^an art current at
the time. Throughout, moreover, he shows too
great a straining after symbolical interpretations,
as when he tells us that " the Deer is used as an
emblem of innocence and gentleness," and that
he is " under the impression " that the peacock
"indicates worldly dignity." This may be, but
there is certainly no proof of it, and the trouble
into which this mysticism gets him may be seen
from the instance of the " palmette " ornament
which in his former part he derived from the
Assyrian sun-disc. He now has to tell us that
in Roman times this is " in nearly every case
drawn without the segment of the disc of the
sun, the origin of its existence and symbolism, and
which [!] I have taken to mean the immortality
of the soul." Of this kind of interpretation
there can be no end, and we much prefer his
contention in the last pages of the present
volume that the art of imperial Rome really
had an individual character of its own, and that
"
the stiflfand hard style that we call " Byzantine
did not affect it until after the shiftins; of the
seat of empire to the East. On this subject we
are promised more in the next volume, and
confess that we look forward to it with much
interest. Mr. Westlake has taken the oppor-
tunity to correct some of the verbal faults of
which we complained in our former notice, but
he has not yet succeeded in making his proof-
sheets perfectly "clean." In the new matter
supplied we notice Signor Lanciano as the
author of an article in these columns, and such
spellings as " Preneste," while he talks more
than once about the " Isidian " worship and
"the Htemorrhoid." By the last named he
seems to refer to the woman with the issue of
blood mentioned in the Gospels, who is some-
times described in French ecclesiastical writings
as the " Hemorroisse." It is a word better
left alone in English.
La Villa Pompeiana di P. Fannio Sinistore,
scoperta presso Boscoreale. Relazione a S.E. il
Miniatro dell' Istruzione Pubblica, con una Me-
moria di Felice Barnabei. (Rome, Accademia
dei Lincei).
The villa described in this report
is in many ways the most perfect and most
interesting that has yet been excavated. It
was far more sumptuous in its arrangement
and richer in its decoration than the other villa
found at Bosco Re^le, famous for the beautiful
silver table-service found in its cellar it is,;
indeed, more in keeping with the richness
of that find, which was in all probability
stolen from some house like this by a band
of robbers, who took refuge in the comparatively
unpretentious farm where they were over-
whelmed by the shower of ashes with their
deadly fumes. The new villa has indeed a farm
attached to it, but the rooms of the house are
separate. Its pUn has been completely re-
covered, and the paintings of its walls, which
attain a very high degree of excellence, are for
the most part exceptionally well preserved.
They belong to the second or architectural
style of I'ompeian wall decoration, and show,
as Signor Barnabei points out, a good deal of
resemVjlance to the paintings in the "House
of Livia " on the Palatine. The lower limit of
date is fixed by a graffito on a column, recording
a sale by auction probably of the house itself
in 12 A.iJ. Signor Barnabei describes the
decoration with an enthusiasm that is fully war-
ranted by the photographs and drawings that
accompany his report. The vistas opening
out on every side, with colonnades and courts
and other buildings, give a wonderfully
THE ATHEN^UM
spacious effect, and
dered with great skill
paintings also are above the average, though by
no means free from the defects commonly found
the author lets his enthu-
; series of such monumental paintings that have
siasm carry him too far when he says that one
of the figures might have suggested to Michael
Angelo the motive of his 'Giuliano de' Medici,'
and compares her arm to the arm of the same
master's David.' The plan of the villa offers a
'
good illustration of Vitruvius's statement that
in pseudo-urban houses the peristyle often
opened directly on the vestibule. This fact
makes some of Signor Barnabei's nomenclature
doubtful for example, it would seem more
; main lines and masses of the composition,
probable that we ought to give the name
tahli)i}tm to the large chamber beside the
fduces, opening both on the outer portico and on
the peristyle, than to the chamber at the back
of the peristyle. But there can be no doubt
that he is right in his estimate of the extreme
importance and interest of
decoration, and of the desirability of its being
preserved as carefully as possible by the Italian
Government.
THE WOLVERHAMl'TON EXHIBITION.
II.
Nowthat the London picture season has
begun to relax we may turn once more to the
Exhibition at Wolverhampton, where, as we
previously remarked, there is offered an unusual
opportunity of estimating what English art of
the last century has accomplished and of re-
vising one's opinion of modern artists. What
particularly conduces to this end is the method
of grouping the pictures of each artist. This
has long been the practice of the Socie'te
Nationale in Paris, both at the Champ de Mars
and in their new quarters, and we cannot help
hoping that the Wolverhampton venture will
set the fashion in some London galleries. It is,
indeed, the only way by which an artist, par-
ticularly if he isof secondary power, gets the
chance of a fair appeal the spectator has time
;
and space in which become accustomed to
to
the artist's vision, to adjust his own to that,
and to enter into his mood without being in-
stantly distracted by another
perhaps
contrary assertion. When they are arranged
thus the works of artists of very diverse
methods do not conflict or mutually detract
from each other. We pass, for instance,
from Mr, C. Shannon's enclave to the wall
devoted to Mr. Steer without being conscious
of any incongruity. We can recognize that both
are aiming by very different means at a pictorial
unity which is based on the same fundamental
principles, and both show to more advantage
than when their works are dispersed. But of
both these artists we have had occasion to speak
lately ; we will turn, therefore,
another artist who is unusually well represented
at Wolverhampton.
If it were for nothing else this Exhibition
would be noteworthy for the disjilay of
Mr. Strang's decorative designs representing
the life of Adam. Few things are to be more
lamented in the condition of modern art
than the absence of any demand for monu-
mental painting. In England especially we
have consistently checked the endeavours of
our artists in this direction. What might
not Mr. Watts have accomplished if wo
had handed over to him the wall spaces
of London as freely as the Venetians yielded
theirs to Tintoretto or as the French provincial
t'lwna threw their municipal buildings open to
Pavis de Chavanne.s For some reason the
!
English, whose proverbial sericjusness of cha-
racter might, one would think, have fitted them
singularly to appreciate such an aspect of the
art, have persisted that painting should confine
itself to mf)re trivial ends that it should, like
a certain class of lawsuits, be kept strictly in
cnm< III. And thus tlie English artist has
mis.sed at once the keencat atimulus to high
37
the details are ren- endeavour and the severest te.sl of his powers,
and care. The figure both of thoughtful invention and strenuous
execution. It has, accordingly, been left to a
private patron to conmiission one of the few
been executed of late years, and these, with all
their faults, are surely a sutlicient refutation of
those who excuse our national distaste for
monumental painting on the ground that
we have no artists who are capable
of undertaking it. It is quite true
that such an art requires unusual gifts.
First and foremost of these is the capacity
for substantial architectural disposition of the
for it is by this general dis{)osition that the
artist makes his chief attack. In a small oil
painting we may be so far gratified by extjuisite
qualities of colour or luminosity as to accept
without question a design which lacks these
architectural (jualities of balance and proportion,
this villa and its a design which on the scale of monumental art
would instantly betray its weakness.
Now Mr. Strang has always been remarkable,
even in his etched work, for the solid simplicity
of his composition he has always relied chiefly
;
on this not only for his decorative unity, but also
for the expression of his poetical ideas. He has
always excelled in this quality, often to the ex-
clusion of any interest in refinement, exquisite
elaboration of surface, or the delicate render-
ing of particulars. It is, therefore, not to
be wondered at that when he attempts a
large decorative scheme the design has, as a
rule, that imposing simplicity and that obvious
co-ordination of parts which are the first
essentials of success. But it is necessary, if
such painting as this is to arouse more than a
sense of agreeable pattern, that the masses
should be significant as well as harmonious.
To design successfully it is necessary that the
artist should think at once in terms of geome-
trical form and of the human figure. For this a
fertile invention is necessary, and a great fami-
liarity with the possible gestures of the human
body a power of selecting in the figure those
lines which are amenable to such a geometrical
scheme.
and And here again Mr. Strang is fortunately
placed his immense productivity as an etcher
;
has given him an assurance in his treatment of
the figure which no other of our younger artists
possesses. He can therefore express the com-
plexity of the figure, its undulations and
infinitely varied planes, in lines which diverge
almost imperceptibly from the simplest, most
Take, for instance,
easily apprehended curves.
the admirably drawn figure of Eve in the pic-
ture oi Adam Delving (^o.2Si). Here the whole
figure is kept within the limits of a triangle ;
even the strongly foreshorter.ed arm is
to the work of adequately realized in lines which nowhere
break the continuity of the geometrical mould.
Or take, again, the JJeath of A bd (235). >iie has
(
to think, to consider how fertilean invention and
how well stored a memory were needed toconccive
the two figures of Adam and Eve in sucli expres-
sive poses and jet contained within a single
line, which embraces the forms in such an easy
sweep and with such gentle, unaccented modu-
lations. Mr. Strang, indeed, distinguishes
himself among our younger artists most de-
cisively in thin, that he can draw ai.d model
continuously. For the most part, even the more
tasteful of modern draughtsmen have accepted
only too readily the WhistliTian concejjtion of
drawing by accents, of realizing form only at
certain points and lea\ ing the n st indefinite.
They seem incapable of the effort of a continuous
steady grasp of the form throughout. Mr.
Strang has derived, through M. Legros, some-
thing of Ingres's feeling for the continuously
expressive and unaccented line. Such a method
of drawing demands, we believe, n liiglier effort
of visual imagination, and is certainly a fint
necessity of the monnmontal painting wo are
discussing.

38
What will perhaps surprise those who are
accustomed only to Mr. Strang's etchings of
modern life, with their accentuation of the
lumpish and grotesquely characteristic, is the
feeling for pure beauty which these paintings
display the large simplicity and primeval dig-
: other hand, regarded as a picture, more pleasing
nity of the gestures, the mellowness of the full,
rounded forms, the suavity and idyllic charm
of the landscape. In his imaginative attitude to
the story of Adam and Eve Mr. Strang is, as a
rule, singularly happy. He seems strangely at
home in this primeval world, and he is able to
realize clearly types which fit their environment.
In the Burial of Adam,' for instance, the
' two little painted roundels. It represents
stolidly unimaginative and vague sorrow of
the young men who carry the corpse out of the
hollow of the wood to the bare hillside is per-
fectly just and convincingly truthful in its con-
trast with the more serious and demonstrative
grief of the elders, touched already with appre-
hension of their own end. The kneeling figure
in the foreground is, however, an instance of
the failure of Mr. Strang's imaginative grasp at
certain points. Admirable as it is, as a nude
study, it aff"ects us as a mechanical device
accepted to fill up the composition. Again, in
the 'Death of Abel,' the nude figure of the
dead man seen lying with his inverted head
towards us is scarcely happy and here,
too, an abstract consideration of design
seems to havedetermined what is psychologically
inappropriate. Nor, as we are finding fault, can
we praise the Eve of the 'Paradise,' where the
type belongs to a sophisticated and distracted
civilization she certainly becomes' ennobled
; A View on Lago Maggiore, oil. A Collection
and simplified by having tasted of the fruit
of the forbidden tree. The Temptation is '
admirable alike in design and in its psychology.
Perhaps the finest of the series is the ' Expul-
sion,' the two figures filling and dominating the
wide, barren landscape by the heavy solemnity
of their reluctant gestures. The colour of the
whole series can scarcely be said to reach the
same level as the design, but it must be
remembered that it is here exhibited in
a stronger light than that which falls
on the high frieze of a library, for which it
was designed. It is possible that in the duller,
warmer light of their proper setting the cold
and somewhat sharp colouring may have its
proper effect.
A few other works in the black-and-white
room must be mentioned. William Morris's
designs for tapestry, lent by the Corporation of
Birmingham, show how his feeling for pure
decoration availed to give purpose and character
even to a figure subject.
Among the works of the Pre-Raphaelite fol-
lowing are two fine cartoons of a hare and a fox,
lent by Mr. William Hodson.
They are by
Mr. Philip Webb, whose work as a draughts-
man has never been either seen or appreciated
as it deserves. The forms both of animals and
plants are rendered here with that frank and
naive curiosity that we find occasionally in the
drawings for early herbals, a curiosity which is
devoid of any imrti pris. He seems to have taken
an equal pleasure in every detail of the natural
form, and yet in some way this careful and
minute fidelity results in a surprising beauty of
design.
We have been obliged to omit the greater
number of exhibits in this remarkably well-
selected gallery such, for instance, as the
;
original drawings by Hokusai, the specimens of
Egyptian art, the Diirer woodcuts and Rem-
brandt etchings but in the choice of examples
;
of the most diverse styles and periods there is
evident the directing influence and the dis-
criminating intelligence of a genuine lover of art.
MR. LOWENGARD's GALLERY.
We have rarely seen a more
collection of objets d'art than
Lowengard's gallery. It is
tapestries, some of them dating back
THE ATHEN^UM
fourteenth century, and including a very beau-
tiful Louis XIV. piece on a buff ground, as well
as a Lebrun and a very splendid Boucher, verg-
ing perhaps too much on the purely pictorial to
be fjuite satisfactory as tapestry, but on the
than most of the artist's decorative oil paintings.
In the Italian room there are one or two
objects of extreme rarity. We noticed a painted
terra-cotta by Antonio Rosellino, which has
had the unusual good fortune to retain its
original carved frame, of a free and almost
florid Gothic design, ornamented with
a Madonna seated on clouds, and sur-
rounded by cherubs, and, apart from its
splendid condition, has fine qualities of tender-
ness and delicacy of modelling. Scarcely less
remarkable are several wooden statues by Italian
artists of the Quattrocento an elegant and
: 450 fr., whilst the portrait of M. Frederic
affected St. Sebastian by a Veronese sculptor,
' '
and a far grander and more serious rendering of
the same subject by a Milanese who approaches
Caradosso. Fine as these are, they hardly sur-
pass a colossal Madonna and Child of French
' '
workmanship, dating from the fourteenth cen-
tury, in which the swing given to the body in
balancing the child is rendered with rare
; mastery, while the disposition of the drapery is
comparable in its ease and simplicity to that of
Greek art. A number of bronzes, some of them
from the Paduan workshops, and a very quaint
Spanish chest; of thirteenth-century design are
among the more remarkable objects.
'
SALES.
The Humbert "affaire" has recently been
passing through its artistic phase. The first
sale in Paris of the pictures on Friday and
Saturday, June 20th and 21st, produced a total
of 1,187,000 francs, which will go a little way
towards making up the huge deficit which these
clever swindlers have left as a legacy to their
creditors. Their taste in the way of fine art was
at least irreproachable, and it is not surprising
that the Galerie Georges Petit was crowded
both at the private view and on the days of the
sale. Many of the pictures realized, as is
always the case at a " sensational " sale, far
more than they are worth, more especially those
of second or third rate importance. The fol-
lowing list includes the principal lots Paul
Baudry, L'Amour et Psychi^, 25,000 fr., and
La Fortune et I'Amour, 26,000 fr. Rosa
Bonheur, Les Bceufs au Labour, 7,600 fr.
Boudin, L'Avant-port, 16,200 Jules
fr.
Breton, Le Retour desMoissonneuses, 25,200 fr.
Cazin, Maisons au Bord d'un Canal,
15,100 fr. four by Corot, Le Pecheur, 49,000 fr.,
;
LaFert^-sousJouarre, 26,100 fr., LePont Neuf,
12,600 fr., and Les Chenes, 2,350 fr.; two by
Daubigny, Les Laveuses, 50,500 fr., and Lea
Barques h, Mare'e Basse, 10,600 fr. Descamps
;
et Meissonier, Le Temple de I'Amour, 5,000 fr.
five by Diaz, including La Clairiere, 17,300fr.,
Femme Turque et son Enfant, 13,100fr., and
Les Dernieres Larmes, 4,600 fr. seven by Jules ; day portraits of the Rossetti family by D. G.
Dupre, including La Rue du Village, 12,300 fr.,
Foreten Automne, 5,000 fr., Le Chene, 4.700 fr.,
La Riviere, 7,000 fr., and Coucher de Soleil,
5,500 fr. four by Eugene Fromentin, Le Pas-
;
sage du Gu(i, 30,000 fr., Caravane, 12,300 fr.,
and Cavalier Arabe, 9,800 fr. four by Isabey,
;
including La Benediction, 47,000 f r. , Le Marchand
d'i&toff'es, 23,000 fr., and Le Cabestan, 12,500 fr.
five by Ch. Jacque, including L'Abreuvoir,
34,000 fr., Moutons, 20,200 fr., and La Pavane,
16,600 fr. eight by Meissonier, including Son
;
Portrait, 10,100 fr., Interieur de I'Egliso Saint-
Marc, 7,500 fr., L'Attente, 11,100 fr., and Rem-
brandt, 10,300 fr. two by Gustave Moreau,
; property. The State has purchased, for the
Le Roi David, 51,000 fr., and Saint Sebastien,
interesting 39,500 fr. two by J. F. Millet, La Porte
; which was exhibited at the Salon some yeara
that at Mr. de Barbizon, 26,500 fr., and Les Falaises,
rich in French 12,200 fr. Ribot, ;Petite Fille et Chien,
to the 6,800 fr. Th. Rousseau, Le Soir, 15,100 fr.
;
;; ;
N3897, July .3, 1902
thirteen by Roybet, including La Main
Chaude, 36,100 fr., Les Com^diens au Chateau,
34,500 fr., La Lecture du Manuscrit,
19,050 fr., L'Embarras du Choix, 16,100 fr.,
Au Cabaret, 12,100 fr., Le Modele, 16,300fr.,
Chanson a Boire, 14,.500fr.,and Les Deux Pages,
10,600 fr. Schreyer, Cavaliers Arabes, 33,000fr.
;
ten by Alfred Stevens, including Le Bain,
4,200 fr., and Dans I'Atelier, 4,000 fr.; Van
Marcke, Rentre'e a la Ferme, 36,500 fr. The
pastels and water-colour drawings included :
J. C. Cazin, Les Chaumieres, pastel, ll,600fr.
Jules Dupre, Le Pecheur, pastel, 17,000 fr. ;
and six water-colour drawings by Meissonier,
including Route d'Antibes, 3,200 fr.
The second sale, on Wednesday, June 25th,
produced a total of 60,220 fr., the chief sensa-
tion being Angelo Asti's portrait of the notorious
Madame Humbert herself, but this only realized
Humbert, by the same artist, only reached
145 fr. The chief price of the day was paid for
M. Fre'deric Humbert's own picture, Louis XIII.
et Mile, de Hautefort, which received a medal
at the Salon of 1890, and reached 5,400 fr.
The sale of the costly furniture of the Hum-
bert house in the Avenue de la Grande- Armee,
and of the atelier in the Place Vintimille, began
on Tuesday in this week, and will continue
until to-day (Saturday).
Messrs. Christie, Manson ct Woods sold on
the 23rd ult. the following drawings T. S. :
Cooper, Five Cows in a Pasture, o7l. A Group ;
of Seven Sheep in the Snow, 521. H. Gastineau,
of Drawings of Costumes, Manners, and
Customs, by Rowlandson and others, 8 vols.,
2901. J. Ruskin, Head of a Lady, in blue dress,
131L Sir T. Lawrence's picture of Mrs. Hig-
ginson, in white dress with yellow robe, fetched
131L
At the Fine-Art Society's rooms there is an
exhibition of drawings by Sir Noel Paton.
Mr. George R. Halkett has opened for the
month of July a show of his political cartoons and
caricatures which have been published in the Pall
Mall Gazette, Pall Mall Maga:ine, and Punch.
At the Woodbury Gallery during July Miss-
Maud Beddington is exhibiting pictures.
:
Last Tuesday was the private view at Messrs.
New Bond Street of a col-
Obach's Galleries in
; lection of portraits by Prince Pierre and
; bronzes by Prince Paul Troubetzkoy, which will
; be open for a month.
To-day Mr. Montague Fordham,at9, Maddox
Street, has a private view of paintings by Mr.
W. Dawes Adama, and jewellery, silver-workj,
and enamels by various artists.
Mr. Augustus Hare's Italian drawings, ta
which we hare already referred, will be open to-
private view on Monday next at the Leicester
Gallery, Leicester Square.
The press were invited to view last Wednes-
Rossetti and others at Leighton House.
At Mr. McLean's Galleries a picture of the
First Court of the King and Queen is on view.
Mr. Gutekunst has on view at 16, King
Street, July 31st, a series of etchings by A.
till
Ostade and Claude Gellee.
At the Continental Gallery Mr. Tatton Winter
is showing pictures entitled Twilight and Dawn
'
and a Few Streets.' The private view took place
yesterday.
Three important examples ofthe work of the
late Benjamin- Constant become public
have
Luxembourg Museum, La Justice du Cherif,'
'
ago, and which the artist always refused to sell.
Madame Benjamin-Constant has given to the
;
Louvre the * Portrait de Tintana 'an aunt of

N-'SSOr, July
the painter which is considered one of his best
performances. To the artist's native city of
Toulouse the widow has generously given the
*
Tete de Ye'nitien,' which was exhibited some
years ago at the Cercle Yolney, where it
attracted a good deal of attention.
In addition to the purchases by the Ville de
Paris, referred to in this column last week, the
list of purchases by the State has now been
published, and includes 'Derniers Rayons,' by
<Taston de Latenay Soleil d'Automne,' by
;
Eniile Bareau 'La Le(^on mal apprise,' by
;
Gabriel Biersy 'Marguerite et Violette,'
; announced to play Nedda in the first, while
by Mile. Louise Breslau Vieilles Maisons,'
by Georges Costeau 'La Retraite,' by Pierre
;
Lagarde 'Portrait de mon P^re,' by Paul
;
Albert Laurens; Les Sablons,' by Albert
'
Moulle' 'Jeanne d'Arc,' by M.
; Perret
'La Partie de Billard,' by M. Privet;
'L'Approche de I'Orage,' by J. J. Rousseau;
and a few others. The Acaddmie des Beaux-
Arts has awarded the various special prizes in
the following manner. The Prix Jean Reynaud,
valued at 10,000 francs, is awarded to M.
Benard, the architect, for the construction of
the San Francisco L^niversity the Prix Piot, of
the value of 2,000 francs, is awarded to M.
Mulhenbec, for his group in sculpture of
'Enfant au Miroir,' exhibited at the Salon;
and the Prix Desprez goes to M. Sudre for his
group in sculpture of Helena, also in this year's
Salon.
The city of Venice is organizing a fifth inter-
national exhibition of the tine arts, to be open
from October 22nd to October 31st, 1903. A
sum of about 100,000 lire will be devoted to the
purchase of pictures by modern artists, and
probably a similar amount will be spent in other
official purchases. The exhibition will be under
the patronage of Signor F. Grimani, the Mayor
of Venice.
Theexhibition of silver-work and jewels
to be opened immediately in aid of the
Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond
Street, promises to be of remarkable interest.
The exhibition is organized by Mrs. Adair, and
will be held in a suite of large rooms at
St. James Court, Buckingham Gate. Many
unique specimens of old silver have been lent
by well-known collectors, including the Duke of
Rutland, Lord Wilton, Lord Grantley, Lord
Middleton, and Mr. Leopold de Rothschild.
The Tudor cup lately sold at Christie's for
4,900^ will be on view, as will many rare his-
torical jewels.
The Russian Government has resolved to erect
an archieological museum in Sebastopol. The
building is to be in the style of an ancient
Christian basilica, and will be arranged in three
departments for the Greek, the Roman, and
the Byzantine ages respectively. The Grand
Duke Alexander Micbailovich is said to be chief
mover in the project.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
CovENT Gardk.n' Faust'; 'Lohengrin";
* Cavalleria Kusticana '
yL'F.EN-j Hall. Philharmonic Concert.
There have been no novelties at Covent
Garden, but there are two in prospect Mr.
Herbert Bunning's La Princesse d'Osra,' '
which is to be given next week, while Miss
Ethel M. Smyth's 'The Wood,' recently
produced at the Berlin Opera-House, i.s in
rehearsal. Mr. Bunning's libretto is based
on one of Anthony Hope's delightful
stories in his Heart of Princess Osra.'
'
Meanwhile, we would record a performance
of Faust' in which M. Marcchal, from the
'
Paris Opera Comique, appeared in the title
role. The quality of his voice is not par-
ticularly sympathetic, but he sings well and
; '
;;
5, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 39
acts as one thoroughly accustomed to the Overture to his opera, as yet unperformed,
stage. The rest of the cast was familiar. '
The Cricket on
the Hearth.' It is made up
Mr. Van Dyck appeared on June 2r)th in of themes from the work itself some slow
'Lohengrin.' There was imperfect intona- and expressive, others bright and lively.
tion, though not so bad as usual, and a fine The music in spirit and in technical skill is
impersonation of the knight which reconciled allied to that of the composer's Britannia' '
his audience to the weakness mentioned. Overture. Sir A. Mackenzie conducted
On Saturday Leoncavallo's Pagliacci '
an excellent performance. W^ith singing
and Mascagni's Cavalleria Rusticana fur-
' '
of the National Anthem the ninetieth
' nished a light programme, and one specially season came to an end. Dr. Cowen has
attractive in that Friiulein Fritzi 8cheff was maintained his reputation as conductor our ;
reference above to rough playing indi-
;
'
Madame Calvo and Signor C'aruso were to cates, not want of intelligence or ability on
take the principal parts in the second. Dr. Cowen's part, but insufficient rehearsal.
Friiulein Scheff, however, was compelled The usual seven concerts for next year are
through sudden indisposition to disappoint announced.
Mile. Aurulie Eovy tjok her
;
the audience.
place at very short notice. This clever,
intelligent singer was better in the second
act than in the first. Madame Calvo's At the simple yet impressive service of
Santuzza is familiar she first appeared
;
supplication for King Edward VII. held last
Thursday week at St. Paul's tlie Litany was
here in that character ten years ago. It is
one of her finest creations intense, but not
sung in procession for the first time at any rate,
:
in the present cathedral. Farrant's anthem
;
exaggerated. Signor Caruso was excellent. "Lord, for Thy tender mercies' sake," was
His rendering of the drinking song was sung. The music wa. under the direction of
particularly effective not so, however, the
; Sir George Martin Mr. Charles Macpherson
;
encore which he accepted. And in calling presided at the organ.
attention to this undramatic proceeding we Of recent vocal recitals we would mention
ought also to say that M. Salignac, at the the one given at St. James's Hall on June 19th
end of the first act of Pagliacci,' fell into
' by Signorina Giulia Ravogli, whose artistic sing-
the same artistic sin. Encores, and even ing met with due recognition. Her programme
included Che faro,' which served as a
'
applause during the acts, ought to be strictly
reminder of the great triumph which the lady
prohibited at Covent Garden. M. Flon and won some seasons ago in Gluck's Orfeo.' '
Signor Mancinelli were the respective con-
Mr. Santley also sang, and joined Signorina
ductors. Ravogli in a lively duet from 11 Borgomastro '
The programme of the Philharmonic final di Saardam,'a forgotten opera bj- Donizetti, the
concert of the season included a new Con- title of which is not even to be found in some
certo for violin by Mr. A. Eandegger, well-known dictionaries of music Herr van
written about a year ago, when he was Rooy's vocal recital on June 25th, also at St.
James's Hall, included the whole of Schumann's
only twenty years of age. In the opening
song cycle Dichterliebe,' in which the vocalist
'
section, an Allegro moderato leading to an
rendered full justice to the music and to him-
Allegro risoluto, the thematic material is self he is as greafc on the concerb platform as
;
not 8uffi.ciently striking, so that interest on the stage. His programme included a group
flags. The Adagio, however, is charming of magnificent Schubert songs.
dreamlike music enhanced by
delicate, is A
MARBLE timepiece and two marble bowls
effective orchestral colouring. The principal have been presented to Dr. \V. H. Cummings by
theme of the Finale is spirited, yet the the members of the Royal Society of Musicians,
movement forms a weak ending to the work. in recognition of his valuable services as honor-
The solo part is difficult, and does not always ary treasurer for the last twenty-tive years.
stand out distinctly from that of the violins of A BARONETCY has been conferred on Sir
the orchestra. Herr Kubelik was the inter- Hubert Parry and knighthood on Prof. C.
preter, and he played admirably. Mr. Ran- Villiers Stanford, which marks of royal favour
which time w-ill these two prominent composers well deserve.
degger possesses talent
mature. Miss Clara Butt sang with effect Ant(.\ Dvor.vk has just completed an opera,
'
Summer Dawn,' poem by William Morris, '
Armida,' which will be produced on September
27tl), at the opening of the new Czech Theatre
music by Mr. Herbert Bedford. The setting,
at Pilben.
of unpretentious character, is expressive
Carl Goldmark has handed over the score
the harmonies of the orchestral accompani-
of his new opera, 'Gotz von Berlichingen,' to
ment have Scandinavian colour. Mr.
the directors of the Vienna Court Opera, and it
Ffrangcon-Davies sang five new songs with
is intended to produce the work in the autumn.
orchestral accompaniment by Mr. Percy
The Middlesbrough Musical Union, founded
Pitt. There is feeling and imagination
Piigliacci'
in 1882 through the amalgamation of the Phil-
'
in the music, and skill of a high harmonic and Choral Societies of that city, will
order. To the orchestra is assigned, after attain its majority next year, and will celebrate
the manner of Wagner, the most important that event by giving a musical festival about
: part. The performance was not satis- Easter. Mr. Kilburn has been director of the
factory. Mr. Davies's voice was not in society from its earliest days.
the best condition ;
moreover, the orcliestral Thomas Patkv Chaim-ki.l, who recently died
playing was rough and too loud. Even at an advanced agd, had been for more than
had the rendering of them been faultless, so half a century the active head of the well known
much thought is pressed into small space firm in New Bond Street. He was still a young
all the five songs are brief
that they need man when ho
500^. Balfe's
])urchased
'
for the small sum of
(;ir],' an opera which
Bohemian
more than one hearing. Of the poems by
is still Another and even more suc-
popular.
Lenau, Cornelius, Dahn, and Tasso there
cessful purchase whs that of (Jouiiod'a 'Faust,'
were English versions in the book from the and in this he showed keen judgment, for the
clever pen of the vocalist. The second part opera at lirst was by no moans a Huccc^s, not
of programme included Beotliovon's
the even in Paris. M. ('houdi-ns the Krun<;h pub-
Symphony in No. 8, and Sir A. Mackenzie's
i-, lisher, used, by way of puniahment, to threaten


40 THE A T H E N ^E U M N3897, July 5, 1902

to take his children, when they were nauc^hty, and veracious type of the seventeenth-century
to hear 'Faust.' Thomas Chappell will be Gascon, the Capitan Matamoros, drawn in part
from Plautus, and reaching France by way of
MESSRS. BELL'S
remembered as the co-founder, with his brother
Arthur, of St. James's Hall and the Monday Italy and Spain. Cyrano is, of course, a genuine LIST.
Popular Concerts. hero, and not a boaster like Rodomont, whom
an application of the stick proves to be a coward. New List post free on application.
A MONUMENT to Rossini was recently unveiled
M. Coquelin is always welcome,but his next week's
at the Pantheon of Santa Croce, Florence. In programme, exacting and varied as it is, offers
connexion with that event there appeared a NOW READY, royal 8vo, 21s. net.
his admirers a better chance of enjoying what is
pamphlet La Famigliadi Giovacchino Rossini,'
'

containing some letters written to Rossini by

best in his method- FRA ANGELIC 0.
liis father, in which are to be found curious How subject to chance and circumstance are By LANGTON DOUGLAS.
details and anecdotes. the "best-laid schemes" of managers is shown New Edition, Revi.sed.
in the fact that the production at the Haymarket With 6 Photogravure Plates and 67 other Illustrations.
The death is of Toni Raab, the
announced
of Capt. Marshall's new translation of La '

pianist, one of Li&zt's best pupils. According

Bataille de Dames is postponed until the
'
VOL. IX. NOW KKADY, 3s. erf.
to Le Meiiestrel of June 29th she possessed
autumn, and that the present season will
many autograph letters of Liszt and an unpub-
lished composition of his.
finish this evening. THE PROSE WORKS OF
The 1 " Grand Prix de Rome has been won
Th.vt a further knighthood was to be given to JONATHAN SWIFT, D.D.
the stage had long been a matter of belief in Edited by TEMPLE; SCOTT.
by M. Kunc, pupil of M. Lenepveu the 1^"
theatrical circles, and the names of Mr. Wynd-
;

Second Prix by M. Ducasse, pupil of M. Faur^ With a Biographical Introiluction by the Right Hon,
;
ham, Mr. Tree, Mr. Hare, Mr. Forbes Robert- W. E. H. LECKY, P. M
and the Second Prix by M. Bertelin, pupil of
2'
son, Mr. Cyril Maude, and Mr. Alexander had To be completed in 11 vols, crown 8vo, :!. 6rf. each.
MM. Ch. M. Widor and Theodore Dubois.
been mentioned as destined recipients of the [I'ols. 1, 2, .f, 4, .">, 8, and 'J ready.

We read in the Nene Mtisik-Zcitung that coveted honour. Mr. Charles Wyndham has Vol. CONTRIBUTIONS to the TATLEU, the
IX.
EXAMINER, the UPECrATOU, and the INIELLI-
Tschaiikowsky was in the habit of saying : carried oS" the prize, and the award seems to GENCEli.
" My past causes me i-egret, my present gives be generally popular.
me no pleasure. I count on the future that is Soimmensely superior to other forms of
Crown 8vo, .3s. (xi.

my life." And, we may add, it has been so with

rtll geniuses, whether or not they have expressed
literary remuneration are those accruing from INJURIOUS
INSECTS:
and
an IntroduotioTi to the Study of Economic
USEFUL
a successful play that there is no occasion for
their feelings in words. Entomology. By L. C. MIALL, F.R.S., Professor of
surprise that most of the writers who have Biology in the Yorkshire College.
The Mnsikalisches Wochenhlatt of June 19th received knighthood have tried their fortune
states that the Heckel firm at Mannheim is on the stage. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is SECOND EDITION, crown 8vo, 6s. net.
about to publish works, still in manuscript, by the author of 'Halves,' given at the Garrick,
the unfortunate Hugo Wolf, who seems at the June 10th, 1899, and A Story of Waterloo,' '
LINE and FORM. By Walter Crane.
With 157 Illustrations.
l)oint of death he has lost the use of speech
; at the Lyceum, May 4th, 1895 Sir Gilbert ;

through paralysis, and no longer recognizes any Parker supplied Her Majesty's with The Seats '

SECOND EDITION, crown 8vo, 6s. net.

one. The works include the unfinished opera of the Mighty,' April 28th, 1897; and Sir
'Manuel Venegas '; Christnacht for chorus,
'
' Francis Cowley Burnand was at one time a The BASES of DESIGN. By Walter
soli, and orchestra two quartets for strings
; prolific dramatist, his most ambitious produc-
CRANE. With 200 illustrations.
;

four Lieder, and some part-songs. tion being The Turn of the Tide,' given at the
'

Queen's Theatre, May 29th, 1869. SECOND EDITION, REVISED. Rnyal 8vo, 1.5s. net.

For Saturday afternoon next Mr. Tree pro- The PRINT-COLLECTOR'S HAND-
PEKFOKMA.NCBS NEXT WEEK. BOOK. By ALFRED WHITMAN, Department of the
mises a revival of The Red Lamp and The
' ' '
of Prints and Drawings, British Museum, Author of
Mox. Ml- David Bispham's Keeital, James's Hall.
3, St.
'MasteiS of Mezzotint.' With 80 Illustrations.
Dr. Ludwig Winter's Concert, 3, Kechstein Hall, Ballad-Monger.' In his forthcoming produc-
Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden.
tion of The Eternal City Mr. Tree will, it is
'
'
Ti.ES. Miss Alios Hollander's Concert, 3. St. James's Hall.
Koyal Italian Cpera, Covent Garden. said, be Bonelli Mr. Lewis Waller, David
;
SECOND EDITION, REVISED.
Wed. roldesy 'Cello Keeital. 3, .St. James's Hall. 2 vols, large post 8vo,
M.J WoIH and J. Hoilman's Coneert. 3.50, Bechstein Hall. Rossi and Miss Constance Collier, Roma. 18,. net.
;
Koyal Italian Opera, Covent Garden.
Tbubs. Miss W. Robinson's Concert. 8. Hechstein Hall.
Koyal Italian Opera, Covent Garden. Souvenirs of Ben-Hur were presented on
' '
The LIFE of NAPOLEON I., in-
Tri. M. Hegediis's Violin Kecilal, 3, Hechstein Hall.
eluding New Materials from the British Official Records.
Roval Italian Opera, Covent Garden, Tuesday afternoon to those present at the one By JOHN HOLLAND ROSE, M.A., late Scholar of
SiT, Patti Coneert, 3, AlbertHall. hundredth performance. It must be remem- Christ's College, Cambridge. With numerous Illustra-
Kubelik Recital, 3, St. James's Hall, tions, Maps, and Plans.
Rojal Italian Opera, Covent Garden. bered that one hundred performances in Drury
"It is, we think, Cfrtain that no one has hitherto suc-
Lane signify far more than a like number in a ceeded in accompliebiiig his task so well as Mr. Rose, whose
smaller house. work is, in many re>pects, a model of what a historic
DRAMA When, in the autumn, Mr. Arther Bourchier
biography ought to he."Edinhur(ih Heview.

reopens the Garrick under his own management Crown Svo, with o Portraits, 4s. 6rf. net.
it appears likely to be with 'My Lady Virtue,'
by Mr. H. V. Esmond, for which Miss Lily
A. W. KINGLAKE : a Biographical
and Literary Study. By the Rev.V/. TUCK WELL,
The season does not seem likely long to out- Hanbury has been engaged. Other parts will Author of Reminiscences of O.xford.'
'

last the Coronation period. It has, so far as be taken by Mr. Bourchier and Miss Violet " It is a very readable story Substantiallj- just and
right judging." Spectator.
regards English works, made but a sorry show, Vanbrugh. " In this brief but entertaining volume we get a striking
French performances will last a week or two picture of Kinglake's brilUant character." World.
longer, but signs are not wanting that these have
On
the production at the St. James's of Mr.
been overdone.
J. H. McCarthy's 'If I were King,' Mr. Alex-
Small Svo, Hand-made Paper, 4s. net.
ander will be Frangois Villon Mr. Alfred ;

On Saturday afternoon Sir Henry Irving Brydone, Tristran I'Hermite Mr. Lyall Swete, ; E T H E N. By A. W. Kinglake.
revived at the Lyceum Charles I.,' in which he
'
Thibaut d'Aussigny Miss Suzanne Sheldon, Reprinted from the First Edition, with an Introduction
l)y Rev. W. TUCKWELL, Copies of the Original Illus-
;

was seen once more at his best as the King, Huguetto du Hamel and Miss Julie Opp, ;
trations, and a Map.
Miss Ellen Terry reappearing as Henrietta Katharine de Vaucelles. " The value of the reprint is much enhanced by an excel-
Maria. On the evening of the same day he lent inttoAwctmn." Literature.
played Matthias in The Bells and Corporal
' '
Madame Wiehe has appeared during the
Gregory Brewster in 'A Story of Waterloo.' week at the St. George's Hall in both '
La SECOND IMPRESSION, crown Svo, 6s. net.
Main '
and 'L'Homme aux Poupees.'
With these impersonations, the merit and the The WORKS of CHARLES STUART
popularity of which are undiminished, the The Criterion Theatre will close on the CALVEKLEY. C<-niplete in 1 vol. With a Memoir by
promised programme of the Lyceum is fulfilled. 15th inst. and will then undergo structural Sir WALTER J. SENDALL, G.C.M.G., Governor of
Biitish Guiana, and Portrait.
alterations.
La.st but one of the quickly succeeding throne "None of the cheap reprints so prevalent of late haa
of French actors, M. Coquelin appeared at the Septemker 15th is fixed for the reopening of given us more unalloyed pleasure." Morning Post.
Garrick on Monday as the eponymous hero of the Vaudeville with 'Quality Street.'
'Cyrano de Bergerac,' by M. Edmond Rostand, Crown Svo, 6.-\

and has been seen in the same character during KING FRITZ'S A.D.C. By Frank
the week. The extravagant eulogy of M. HIRD.
Rostand's piece has given way to sounder To Correspondents. J. T. T. B. R. L.- J. H. M. J. D. " Mr. Hird's novel is lively reading." Times.
views, and the piece is seen to be clever rather

-O. J. received. " A thrilling little drama." Oiti/oo/,-.
E. F. W. W. You send too late for insertion.
than great. M. Coquelin remains as before H. H. "Will be discreet. London: GEORGE BELL &. SONS,
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No notice can be taken of anonymous communichticns.
 N 3897, Julys, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 41

BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, PICCADILLY, LONDON.

SHAKESPEAR. By W. Carew Hazlitt. 1 vol. demy 8vo, pp. xxxii and
28S. With 6 Facsimiles. Cloth, price 7^. 6d. net. 1902.
The present vohime is probably entitled, whatever its individual merits and value may be considered to be, to the credit of being wholly on new and
independent lines and after all the researches and conclusions of the editors and critics, it aims at placing in a fresh and very diflerent light many of the
;

most important features in the biography and literary history of the poet,

ANCIENT FURNITURE and other WORKS of ART, illustrative of

a Collection formed by VINCENT J. EOBINSON, C.I.F., of Farnham House, Dorset. 1 vol. royal 4to, pp. vi and 84, with
Frontispiece, Vignette, and 74 fine Photographic Plates. Prices: Half.vellum, 4/. 10,s\ net; cloth, 4/. 4s. net. 1902.
Contents: Introduction Preface Tables Cupboards or Armoires Mar(]uetry BouUe Furniture Chippendale Chairs or Seats Bedsteads Chests-

or Coffers Metal Work Pottery Glass Miscellaneous.

FINIGUERRA. liorentine Picture Chronicle. Text by Sidney Colvin.

lloyal folio, with 99 Full-Size lleproductions of the Original Drawings in the British Museum, f.e7np. 14G0, and many Cuts and
Vignettes in the Text, cloth, price 10/. 10s. net. 1898.
Prefatory Matter, 8 pages Introduction, 44 pages Interleaves, 158 pages total, 210 pages. These are bound up with one photogravure title-page and
; ; ;

the ninety-nine collotype facsimile prints of the original drawings in the British Museum.
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are the facsimiles of the Chronicle,' than which nothing could be better done. Now charmirg, now naive, decorative or amusing, these drawings illustrate in
'

a hundred different ways the popular mind and the historical notions of the 'Mercato' of l"'lorence during the middle of the fifteenth century."
Saturday Revieiv,

BUDDHIST ART in INDIA. Translated from the 'Handbuch' of Prof.

ALBERT GRiJNWEDEL by AGNES C. GIBSON. Revised and Enlarged by JAS. BURGESS, CLE. LL.D., &c. 1 vol
royal 8vo, viii and 228
pp., with 154 Illustrations, cloth, price 12. Qd. net. 1901.
This is an excellent version into English of a German liandbook of Buddhist art which enjoys a foremost place in the estimation of specialists, and ranks
as a book of the highest value for students who have to refer to the too scanty and too fragmentary remains of early Indian sculpture that are to be found in
the museums.

The ART of the PRECURSORS: a Study in the History of Early

Italian Majolica. With Illustrations. By HENRY WALLIS. Small 4to, printed on O.W, Paper, with 94 Illustrations in Tint
and Colours, cloth, price 18s. net. 1901.

The ORIENTAL INFLUENCE of the CERAMIC ART of the

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE. "With Illustrations. By HENRY WALLIS. 1 vol. small 4to, printed on O.W. Paper, with
55 Illustrations, white buckram, price 12s. Qd. net. 1900.

WALLIS (HENRY).PERSIAN LUSTRE VASES. Folio, 18 pp. of

Text, in which there are 25 Engravings of Vases and 4 Full-Size Coloured Plates of Persian Vases of the Thirteenth Cent ury^
boards, price IGs. net. 1899.
200 Copies were printed or private circulation.

TYPICAL EXAMPLES of the ART of the EGYPTIAN POTTER.

Portrayed in Colour Plates, with Text Illustrations, drawn and described by HENRY O.W.
WALLIS. 1 vol. 4to, prnited on
Paper, 12 Coloured Plates, and 45 Illustrations in the Text, cloth, price 21. 2s. net. 1900.

AMHERST
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ALICIA).
Royal Svo, with G7 Illustrations
HISTORY
of
of GARDENING
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THE STANDARD WORK ON THE EGGS OF BRITISH BIRDS.

COLOURED FIGURES of the EGGS of BRITISH BIRDS. With
Descriptive Notices. By SEEBOHM, Author of 'Siberia in Europe,' 'Siberia in Asia,' 'A History ot
HENRY iJiitish llin]>.^

'Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum' (vol. v.), 'The Birds of the .Japanese Empire,' &c. Edited by R BOWDLhll
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The LAMENT of BABA TAHIR : being the Ruba'iyat of

EDWARD
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KRO.N-A LLK.V, and ruuderod
H amadani ('Urvan). The IVrsian Text, Edited, Annotale.l, and Traii.,lated l,y II mi-j-

nglish Verse by ELIZABETH CURTIS BRENTON. Small 4to, pj). xxiii and boards, price G*. net.
^<>, l'.'"2.
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Records. Parish Itegisters Searched. Materials for Books and awarded to these Scholars provided that they have taken the B.A. Duke Street. Adelphi, W.C. (lormerly 8. R., 1, Lingard'g Road,
Pamphlets Collected and Prepared for Publication. Indexing. Refer- Degree in the School of Modern Languages. Lewisham, S.B.).
ences. A. G., Alperton, Wembley. An ENTRANCE EXAMINATION to the SCHOOL of MODERN
LANGUAGES will COMMENCE on MONDAY,
September 15, 1902. ri^'PE-WRITING. The WEST KENSINGTON
BA -^*-
of Cambridgfe, age 23, First-Class Natural
Sciences Tripos. 1900. Literary and Musical, with very
good French, seeks POST, not necessarily Scientific. Services might
Applications for admission must be received by the REiji^rmn on or
before
For
AUGUST 16.
f urtlier particulars apply to the REGismitt, at the University.
J. AGENCY'. Authors' .MSS Translations, &e Phonograph used.
,

Legal and General Copying. Circulars, &c.. Duplicated Lessons given.

Usual terms. References. Established I893.-Sikes & Sixes, 13,
Wolverton Gardens, Hammersmith Road, W.
b? given for One Year in exchange for experience in new work.
State prospects. F. W., 23, Park Parade, Cambridge. QT. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
C5 An EXAMINATION
TUESU.AY', September
held at the above SCHOOL on
will be
10. 1902. and the Following Days, lor FILLING
AUTHORS
WRITING
with MSS. that
can have them well and promptly TYPED forBJ. per
require TYPE-
LADY SECRETARY desires RE-ENGAGEMENT
as Secretary to Lalies' Club. College. Hospital Library, or Settle-
UP TWENTY or more V.ACANCIES on the FOUNDATION Full
particulars can be obtained on application to the Bi r\r.
1,000 words. Museum Researches, 9<f. an hour. Miss Sti.ibt, Room 24,
Trafalgar Buildings, W.C.
1,
ment. Experienced in General .Management and Accounts.- Address
Miss B., care of Willing's, 162, Piccadilly, W.
''I^HE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX. nOOKS, MSS., &c._Messrs. HODGSON k CO.,
1 Head Mistress-Miss M.A. LUCY ROBINSON,
Second Mis- (late
I > Auctioneers of Books and Literary Property of every description.
AFTERNOON OCCASIONAL WORK tress St. Felix School. Southwold). References: 'The Principal of
Bedford College. London; The Vice-chancellor of Cambridge University.
Libraries and smaller Collections carefully Catalogued and promptly
REQUIRED by LADY fLond. Univ.j with Office Literary offered for Sale. Packing and Removal arranged for. Valuations made
and Secretarial experience Shorthand, Type-Writing. Bookkeeping, lor Probate, &c. Auction Rooms, IIS, Chancery Lane. Estab. 1809.
Research Work, &c M H., 4C, St. James's Road, Brixton, S. W. THE OWENS COLLEGE, MANCHESTER.
HALL RESIDENCE for WOMEN STUDENTS, ImE AUTHORS' AGENCY. Established 1879.
of
WANTED, NIGHT EDITOR, who understands ASHBURNE HOUSE, VICTORIA PARK, MANCHESTER. The Authors AKreements Interests of capably renrecntcd. for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publlshcri.- Terms and Testi-
French and German. foraD.\ILY PAPER on the CONTINENT. Fees 36 to 50 Guineas the Session. Degrees open to Women (in- Row.
.Address J. W. M., care Xem Fori Herald, London Bureau, 81, Fleet cluding Medicine;. Applications and inquiries to the 'Warden, Miss
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BuBOHes,84, Paternoster
Street.
H. M. SlECHt.V.
(^ MITCHELL CO., Agents for the Sale and
M
ic
ETROPOLITAN BOROUGH of SHORE- ITNIVEHSITY COLLEGE of NORTH WALKS, '
Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undcruke Valuations for
'
1)1 rcH. ' '
BVNGOK. (A Constituent Colloire of the University of Wales.) Probate or Purchase. Investigations, and Audit ol Accounts, Ac. Card
The SHOREDirCH PUBLIC LIBRARIES COMMITTEE require an Principal-H. R REICHEL, MA. LL.D. NEXT SESSION BEGINS of Terms on application.
experienced FEMALE ASSISTANT for their KINGSLAND ROAI) OC'TOBEU 1, The College Courses arc arranged with reference
1902 Mitchell House. 1 and 2, Snow Hill, Holborn Viaduct, B.C.
LIBRARY. Wages 1S<. per week. Age 18 to 25. Canvaasslng will be to the Degree-; of the Unlversitv of Wales, and Include
most of the
deemed a disqualification. subjects for the H.A. and II Sc. Degrees of the London University.
.^ppllcationa, in Candidates' own handwriting, stating age, parti- Students may pursue their first year of Medical study at the College. Cntnloflnca.
culars fit qualifications and experience, and enclosing copies of not There are Spe iai Departments for Agriculture and Electrical lOnginccr-
iuK a Day Training Department for .Men ami Women,
more than three recent rcstimonlals, must reach the undersigned not and a Dcnart-
later than SATURDAY, July 19. ment for the Training of Teachers in Secondary Schools. Sessional MESSRS.theHKNRY YOUNG k SONS possess
WM. C. PLANT, Borough Librarian. Fee for ordinary Arts Course. 11/. I,. ditto for Intermediate
;
Science
LARG1..ST STOCKS of OLD and NEW
one of
BOOKS la
Public Library, Pitfield Street, N. or Medical Course, 15/ 15 The cost of living In L-dglngs in Bangor GREAT BRITAIN, and they will be Klad to hear from any one In
averages from 20/. to 301 for the Session. The new Hall of Residence many cases supply them
Guineas for the search of Books out of print, as they can In
for Women Students in Upper Bangor-Fee. Thirtv

B ORODGH of WEST HARTLEPOOL,

MUNICIPAL SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL.
Scsslon-is now open. At the Entrance Scholarship Examination (held
in September) more than Twenty Scholarshipsand
in value from 40/. to 10/ will be open for
,
Exhibitions,
competition.
raniiing
One half the
from their large Stock.

12.
CATALOGUES MONTHLY.
South Caatle Street, Liverpool.
total amount oMerc Is rcnerved for Welsh Candidates -lor further

The
Head Master-Mr.
COMMirXEB
J. ARCHYLL JOXE8, B.Sc.
1

information and copies of the various Prospectuses apply to

JOHN EDWARD LLOYD, .M.A SecreUry and Registrar. /1ATALOGUK, No. 35.
Engravings I.T and alter Turner,
Drawings by Turner,
ments, :
Inrltc applications lor the following
o f
appolot-
,

\ '
Varley Pront. Hunt, *c
W hl.tlrr. c
-

HoKrth (llitln, Cmslable, 4c.-Ktrhlngs hr killlet. SIxpeooe. .

.
viz.
PHYSICS MASTER. MADAME AUBERT'S GOVERNESS and Illustrated Books-Works by John Ku.kln. Post free, W
MATHEMATICAL MASTER. SCHOOL AOKNC V cnUb. and HI. Regent Street, W.
ISNOl. 139 Wash. 2, Church Terrace. Illchniond. Surrey.
Visiting Ooernc-e, Ijady professors nd
Resident Dallv. and Chaperon",
ENGLISH MASTER.
WOODWORK IN8TRUCT0E. Teacher, ili^pctitrlces. Companions, I.ady Housekeepers
Eniflih and Foreiun) Introiuced for British Isles and Abroad.
Schools CII!
11
KDWAKD BURNE.JONKS.eircuK-d
SIX important
Mes.r.. for
and Educational Homes recommended. ( HALK IIUVWISGS for (ila.s I'alnllng.
W m.
LANGUAGE MAStEU. Morris *<;o ,
rarilculars on applloaUuu lo
FOB HA I.K.- *i-p,
MISTRE-iS. 2. Church 'Terrace, Richmond, Horrejj
Duties to commence REPFEMHER 1, 1902. P^DUCATION. ThoroughlyRELIABLEADVKJE KNGMSII
Tor further particulars apply to the undersigned. J
THKINO &
canbe ol)talned (free of charir) from Mers OAIiniTAB
<>> who. from their eilenni e and r,eronl knowledne ol
Tl FAAVCETTS CATALOGUE of
Application* with opies of three recent restlmonlali, to be sent to
for Boys and (ilrls. an') ucccssful I utor, in Enitland
11. HlKK.ItlCALand other I'<IRIBA11 useful lorlllu.trall. g
iue on or before JULY 17. the best Schools
County and Tamlly Hutoiv.-On Hale by ' F>";in- H. King Hlrte.,
HICSON SIMPSON, Town and Abroad will fnrnlsh careful selertlons It supplied wltn dclillcd CA TALOOUBB free by po.1.
acik. Covcnt Oaidcn, Wv. LonJon. li'^^-.',

Town Clerk's OfBce, July, 1902. requlrtBieuU.-9, skTllle Street, W.

 a , a

46 THE ATHEN^UM N 3898, July 12, 1902

NORGATE,
w ILLIAM8 14,
IMPORTERS ol
k
FOREIGN BOOKS,
Henrietta Street, Coyent Garden, London
and 7, Uroad Street, Oxford.
;
"ly/TR.
Typical

J. C.
To be sold on
STEVENS
Collection

will
of
TVKSDA V NEXT.
Human Skulls.

SELL by AUCTION,
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON
on
by
WEDNESDAY,
Valuable Books.

at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C ,

AUCTION,
July 16. at ten minutes past I o'clock precisely,
will SELL
-^'-*-
On TUESDAY, July at half-past 12 o'clock, a COLLECTION of valuable BOOKS, amongst which will be found
CATALOGUE,* on application.
1.'.,

Aiken's Symptoms of Being Amused, Coloured Plates Costumes of

A most interesting COLLECTION of Y'orkshire- Carr's Stranger in France Fielding's 'Tom Jones, 6 vols.
PAUT II. READY JULY 18, 1902. About ONE HUNDRED TYPICAL HUMAN SKULLS, First Edition FitzGerald's Six Dramas of Calderon. First Edition
Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors- Whitaker's Loidis and Elmete
NATIVE WEAPONS, SPEARS, DAGGERS, CARVED PADDLHS, and
CATALOGUE of EARLY PRINTED and SAVAGE CURIOS of every description.
Crowquills Guide to Watering Places Lamb s Prince Dorus Egan's
Life In London Danlell's Views in the Prince of Wales' Island Early
other INTKKBSTING BOOKS, MANUSCUIPTS, On view day prior and morning of Sale. Printed Works Tyndale's Obedyence of Chrvsten Man Lydgate's
and BINDINGS. Catalogues may be had on application to 38, King Street, W.C. Auncient Historle
Rationale Divlnorum Officlorum, 1473-Waller's
Poems. First Edition Hakluyt's "N'ovaKes-Voraglne, Legenda Aurea,
Part II.containinKletterC, prlcc^s. Wltli 2:>0 Illustrations In racslinile' 1483 Boetius de Consolatione, Renn'es, s d also a SELECTION from ;

Lathes, Engine Accessories, Tools. the LIBRARY of the late JOHN CLARE, including Presentation
J. & J. LKIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, GoMen Square, W. Electrical and Apparatus.
Copies of Lamb's Poems and Ella (with Inscriptions), and other Works
Scientific a Collection of Shakespeareana (sold by order of the 'Trustees of the
Part I. containing A H, with 120 Illustrations, price '2s.
Photographic Cameras and Accessories, S^c. Northampton Public Library j an Early Manuscript of the Messiah in
the handwriting of Handel's Pupil, J. C. Smith, showing important

FRENCH BOOKS, FHIDA Y, ISth inU., at half-past 12 o'clock. Variations.

/'CATALOGUE of at greatly Catalogues on application.
vy reduced prices. I. PHII.OSOl'HY. II. IIKUGION. III. HIS-
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his Rooms,
TORY IV. POEIKY, DRAMA, MUSIC. V. HBAUX-AKT'S. TI. 38, King Covent Garden,
Street, W.C, Library of the late Bev. C. WILKINSON (by order of the
OROGRAPHY. VII. MILITARY. VIII. FICTION. IX. GENERAL LATHE (by Boley), CHUCKS, and .ACCESSORIES.
LITERATl'RE. Executors).
W. Superior 3ft. 6in. LATHE, SLIDE RESTS, CHUCKS, &c.
DULAU & CO. 37, Solio Square, London,
TWO VERTICAL CUTTING FRAMES. MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.C ,

I7IRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS, HALTZAPFFEL'S DIE STOCK, DIES and rAPS. on FRIDAY, July 18, and MONDAY, July 21. at ten minutes past
o'clock precisely, the LIBRARY of the'late Rev. WILKINSON C
includino' Dicliens, Thackeray. Lever, Ainsworth ; Books Illus- ELLIPTICAL CUTTING FRAME, with Keys, &c., in Case. 1
(by order of the Executors), and other Properties, including Acker-
trated by U. and K. Cruiksliank, Phiz, Kowlaiulson, Leech, &c. The A complete WILLIS'S GEAR CUTTING and MILLING APPARATUS.
mann's Microcosm of London, 3 vols, uncut Hogaith's Works-
largest and choicest Collection ottered for Sale in the World. Cata-
logues issued and sent post free on application. Books Bought. Very fine PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS by Leading Makers, Gould's Century of Birds from the Himalajas-Roxburghe Club Pub-
lications, 41 vols. Punch, complete set Audubon's Birds, Coloured
WALiEtt T. Spencer, 27, New Oxford Street, London, W.C. and QUANTITY' of PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS. Plates 'The Ibis, IS vols., l.9-76 Lodge's Portraits, 10 vols.- Bree's
CINEMATOGRAPH complete. Birds of Europe, 4 vols.
Walton and Cotton's Compleat Angler,
BOOKS. -10,000 WANTED. List free. 25s. each CONCERT PHONOGRAPH, with Electric Motor. morocco, 1670- Morris's British Moths Jellrey's British Conchology,
5 vols.
Voyage of the Challenger. 'jO vols. Sowerby's Botany-
otTered for Cooke's Fox Hunting, 18i'6; Gardiner's History, 2 vols. And many LOTS of MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY of all kinds. Williamson's Oriental Field Sports Encyclop;i'dia Britannica, ninth
ma. Rare Pooks supplied. State wants. CA'l'ALOGUES free. On view Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Sale. edition Blomefield's Norfolk, 11 vols, boards, uncut Latham's Birds
Hoi.i.ixij's Great liooksliop, Birmingham. Publications of the Kelniscott Press Arundel Society Autograph
Catalogues on application.
Letters Ex-Libris, cfcc.
S^HAKESPEARE. WANTED TO PURCHASE,
and Third Works of Art, Antiquities, ^c.
Catalogues on application.
line Copies of the First Folio, 1G2:I Second Folio, 1032 ; ;

Folio, IGC) or 1BG4. Very high price will be paid for any in choice TUESDA Y, July
On ?.?. Coins and Medals, the Property of a Gentleman recently
condition also for (iuai to Plays prior to 1650. Aliieiu' Jackson & Son,

M deceased.
;

221, Great Portland Street, London, R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
at his Rooms,
WANTED. 25s. each offered, Cash
BOOKSExchange. JAPANESE and CHINESE EMBROIDERIES,
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.C,
on FRIDAY, July 18, at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, a
or Cur/on's Persia, 2 vols. 182-In Memoriam, CARVINGS, LACQUER, BRONZES, and CLOISONNfi. COLLECTION of COINS and MEDALS, including a Victoria Cross, the
First Edition, ISoO Geo. Meredith's Poems, 18.J1 -Hewlett's Earth- Property of a GENTLEMAN recently deceased, by order of the Ex-

Montaigne's Essays, Tudor Trans Also a fine PERSIAN CARPET.
work out of Tuscany, ISiLJ , ecutors.
S vols. 1892 Symonds's Essays, 2 vols. 18S)0-Cook's Foxhunting, 182G PICTURES, BOOKS, FLINT IMPLEMENTS. Catalogues on application.
Hissey's Drive through England, 1885 Gamonia, 1837 Shirley's Deer And an interesting VARIETY of CURIOSITIES collected in
Parks, 1867 Collyn's Wild Red Deer, 1862 Despeiate Remedies,
3 vols. 1871 .Jackson's Old Paris, 2 vols. 1878-Jackson's French Court,
various localities. The important and valuable Manuscripts and Collec'ions of
2 vols. lS81-.Tesse's Richard III., 1862
"Warwickshire Hunt. 1837 On view day prior from 10 to 4 and morning of Sale. the late JOSEPH JACKSON HOWARD, Esq., F.S.A.,
Stevenson's New Arabian Nights, 2 vols. First Kdition, 1882 Dowell's Catalogues may be had an application to 38, King Street, W.C. Maltravers Herald Extraordinary
Taxes, 4 vols. l.sSS-Froude's short .studies, 1868-71, 4 vols. 8vo-Keat3'8
Poems, 1817; Endymion, 1818. lOO.OlAl BOOKS FOR SALE and WANTED.
By far the largest and most valuable Stock in Birmingham. State wants. Valuab'e Books, including the Select Modern Library
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C.,
BiKER's Great Bookshops, 14 and 16, John Bright Street, Birmingham. of a Gentleman. on 'TL'ESD.AY, July 22, at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, the
important and valuable MANUSCRIPTS and COLLECTIONS of the
SALE, COMPLETE SET of ILLUSTRATED MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by late JOSEPH JACKSON HOWARD, Esq F.S A., Maltravers Herald
FOR
LONDON NEWS, A 1842 to 1802 (102 Volumes), bound. bargain. TUESDAY,
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C, on
July 13, and Three Fcdlowing Days, at 1 o'clock, valuable Pedigrees MS. Visitations Drawings of Arms Rubbings from
,

Extraordinary, comrrising 'Transcripts of Parish Registers and rare

Drikb, 33, St John's Park, Holloway, N. BOOKS, including the above Library, comprising \'allance's Art of Brasses Copies of Monumental Ins< riptions in all parts of England
Wm. Morris Frankau's Colour Prints R. L. Stevenson's Works, long Serie? of Notebooks containing Heraldic and Genealogical Memo-
Edinburgh Edition, 2!t vols. Pepys's Diary, by Wheatley. 10 vols.. randaa few Illuminated Heraldic Manuscripts, &c.
WANTED, an ORIGINAL COPY, well preserved,
ISA.\C "WALTON, or a Second Editiim
of Printing of the
Large Paper Lady Jackson's Works, 14 vols. Rawlinson's Seven Catalogues on receipt of three stamps.
Oriental Monarchies, 6 vols.- a Selection from the Wiitingsof Symonds,
Name, and date to Piscator, care of Messrs. J. E. Francis
price, & Co., Pater, Browning, 'Tennyson, Lang, Kipling, and other Modern Writers
Athena>uni Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.G. Recent Library Editions of Scott, Dickens, >Iarryat, Cooper, Engravings, Water-colour Drawings, and Paintings.
Macaulay, Carlyle, Burke, and other Standard Authors Issues from
BEDFORD SQUARE (adjoining). GENTLE- the Kelinscott I'ress- Dictionary of National Biograpliy, 39 vols.
complete Set of the Folklore Society to 1901, &e also Boydell's
MESSRS.
by
PUTTICK & SIMPSON
AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square. W.C
will SELL
MAN having no use for his TWO UPPER FLOORS of SIX Shakespeare Gallery, 2 vols. Fcnelon's 'Telemachus, 2 vols., 1783. with
;

on rRIDAY, July 25. at tea minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, EN-

,

ROOMS in his own LEI' UNFURNISHED Adjacent

house, otters I'O a Series of beautifully Coloured P lates Naval and .Martial Achieve- GRAVINGS, both FraiT.ed and in the I'ortfolio, principally of the
to British Museum, Two Minutes from Tube, and with every con- ments, 2 vols. British Military Library, 2 vols. Nash's Mansions, English School, including a large collection after Hogarth also
venience J splendid Lighted Rooms; Bath (h. and c ) good Garden; ; Four Series, and other Architectural and Heraldic Works Books of Portraits Fancy Prints Naval and Military Subjects Spoi ting and
suitable for a Professional Man. Kxk.ht, 36. liloomsbury Street. Travel and others in General Literature Autographs Bookplates- AVater-colour Drawings and Faintings.
Engravings, &c.
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
I^UNBRIDGE WELLS. Comfortably FUR- Miscellaneous Books,
TWO BEDROOMS.
Station.
Wells.
NISHEl) SI'ITING-ROOM and
Quiet, pleasant, and central. Tluee minutes' walk from S E,R. & C.
No others taken. R. H 66, Grove Hill Road, Tunbridge
,
ONE or
Valuable
Society of
Office
Law Books, including the Properly of the Honourable
New Inn, and the Library of a Barrister {deceased)
Furniture, Ac.
;
M ESSRS. PUTTICK &
by AUCTION, at their Galleries,
on 'THURSDAY, July 31. and rolloning
o'clock precisely, MISCELLANEOUS
SIMPSON
BOl/KS in
47,
I>ay, at ten
all
will
Leicester Square,
SELL
W.C,
mnutes past 1
Branches of Litera-
'^rO BE LET, from June, for Three Months or MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by ture, both English and Foreign.
Catalogues in preparation.
-I- longer, FURNISHED or UNFURNISHED HOUSE in Soutli- AUCTION, their Rooms, 115. Chancerv Lane, W.C
at on ,

"West Suburb. Three Reception Rooms, Five Bedrooms, Bath (hot and
TUESDAY, July 22. at 1 o'clock, valuable BOOKS as above. LAW
cold), usual Ottioes, small Garden. Apply R., Athenu.'um Press,
Including the New Law Reports to 19U2, 324 vols., the First Series to
1873, 140 vols, half calf, and another Series from 1865 to 1901, 129 vols,
The Library of the late Cnpt. ARTHCB PKIME, of
Bream's Buildings, E.C. Walberton I'ark, Sussex.
half morocco Law Times Reports, New Series to 1902- House of Lords

'1''0 INVALIDS. A LIST of MEDICAL MEN

Casts by Bligh, Clark and Finnelly, Maclean and Robinson, and others
Bevan and other Reports in Chancery, King's Bench, Common Pleas, MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13. Wellington
and Exchc'iuer Admiralty and Crown Cases Irish Law Recorder,
1 in all parts RECEIVING RESIDEN r PATIENTS sent gratis with 10 vols. useful Modern 'Text Books - Mahogany Bookcase- Pedestal
Street. Strand, W
C. on MONDAY. July 14. and Two Following Days,
full particulars. Schools also recommended. Medical, &c., Association, at 1 o'clock precisely, BOOKS and MANUSCKIPI'S, comprising the
Writing Table and other Office Furniture, &c.
Limited, 22, Craven Street, Trafalgar Hquaie. C. Telegraphic
Address, " Triform, London." Telephone No 1851, Gerrard.
W Property of KOltEKT C GIKBS, Esq., including Books with Coloured
Illustrations Sporting Books the Writings of Ainsworth, Dickens.
Catalogues on application.
Scott, Surteee. &c. Works on Costume
Books of Prints. Japanes-e
the Property of the Ilev. C. FIKTH. of Houshton
ATHEN^UM PRESS. JOHN EDWARD 12a, Kensington Palace Gardens. The Contents of the
Illustrations. &c ;

Rectory, Stockbridge. including First Editions of the Works of Matthew-

FRANCIS. Printer of the Athtiirrum. ^'otes and Querien, &c , Is Mansion. Arnold, Robert and Mrs. Browning S. T. Coleridge, Lamb's Elia, Firs*
SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK, NEWS, and
prepared to Edition, and other contemporaiy Authors the LIBK.^RY of the late-
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
;

PERIODICAL PRINTING -13. Bream's Buil dings, Chancery Lane. B.C. Capt. ARTHURPRIME, of Walberton Park, Sussex, comprisist?
respectfully give notice that they will SELL by AUCriON, on Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, First Edition Voltaire's Works. ZG vol?..
the Premises as above, on MONDAY, July 14, and TUESDAY. July 15, Presentation Coj>y, with Inscription in Verse from David Garrick to
at 1 o'clock precisely (by order of the Executors of Sir 'THOMAS Kitty Clive Mrs. Anne Killigrews Poems, First Edition Dallaway
^\t bg ^tictton. LUCAS, Bart, deceased the CON'TEN'TS of the MANSION, comprising
), and "Cartwright'8 Sussex Boydell's River Thames Early Printed
WILLIS'S ROOMS, KING STREET, Dining, Drawing, and Billiard Itooiii Furniture of Oak, Amboyna, and Books General Literature, &c. other Properties, including Bt n
;

JAMES'S SQUARE, S.W.

.ST.
Gilt-wood Grand Pianoforte by Bioadwood full-size Billiard Table Jonson's Comical Satyre of Every Man out of his Humor, and other
J'alun/jle old Garden Ornaments and Chimney Pieces. Cabinets Porcelain Bronzes Sculpture the Contents of 22 Bed- Early Pla^s Manning and Bray's Surrey Whitaker's Richmondsbire
rooms of jjoli^hed Satin-wood, Oak, and Mahoginy Culinary Utensils Ruskin's Modern Painters, 5 vols.-Naval and Martial Achievements
MESSRS. ROBINSON & FISHER are instructed Coppers and Efiects. of Great Britain Malone's Skakespeare Bacon's Essayes, 1GJ.>
R. Aseliam's Toxophilus, 1571 Works on Natural History and Botany
to SELL, at their Rooms, on 'TUESDAY', July 13. at half-past
2 o'clock, valuable old G.\RDEN ORNAMENTS, comprising numerous
May be viewed and Catalogues obtained on the Premises and at the Early Bibles, &c.
Offices of Messrs. Cihu^he, Mansox & Woods, 38, King Street, St.
Carved Sundials. Spheres, Vases-a large Fountain Lead and Stone James's Square, S.W. May be viewed. Catalogues may be had.
Figures a fine old Adams Chimney Piece and a Georgian ditto.
May be viewed the day prior and Catalogues had. Valuable Books and Manuscripts,
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
WILLIS'S ROO.MS, KING STREET, Si". JAMES'S SQUARE, S.W. respectfully give notice that they will hold the following SALES MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
by AUCTION at their Great Rooms. King Street, St. James's Square, SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No.
will 13, Wellington
Valuable Old English Decorative Furniture, China, Plate, and the Sales commencirg at 1 o'clock precisely : Street, Stiand, W.C. on MONDAY. July 28, and Two Following Days,
Old Shejfield Plated Articles, the Property of a Lady of at 1 o'clock precisely, valuable BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, com-
Title, removed from her liesidence in the West End for con- ON MONDAY, July 14, and Three Following prising the Library of JAMES WARD.
Egq.. of Nottingham, includini?
venience of b'ale,
Days, the extensive COLLECTION of ENGRAVINGS by and after the an unique Copy of the hithei to unknown First Edition of Watts's Divine
Old Masters of His Serene Highness the DUC D'ARENBERG, re- Songs, and other Works by the same Author the Ward Nottingham-
MESSRS. ROBINSON & FISHER are instructed moved from the Palais d'Arenberg, Brussels, comprising Works of
Rembrandt, Albert Diirer, Lucas Van Leyden, H. Aldegrever. W.
shire
LIBRARY
Manuscripts
of
Autograph
aLEXANoER HOWELL.
Letters, &c. a PORTION of the
;

Esq.. comprising Occutr

to SELL, at tlieir Rooms, as above, on TUESDAY', July 15, and
Following Hollas, and other Early Flemish and German Masters, and Mezzc tints Literature Books illustrated by Bewick, Cruikshank. Leech Coloured
Day, at 1 o'clock precisely each day, valuable ENGLISH OLD of the Early English School by R. Earlom, Val Green, and J. R. Smith. Panoramic Views-Ch p-Books Rooks of Prints and cxtra-illustraled
DECORATIVE FURNITURE, comprising Commode-front Chests of
Drawers Sheraton Wardrobes (Jueen Anne, Empire, Chippendale, May be viewed, and Catalogues had. Book and other Properties, including Illuminated Hora? and other
;

and other Mirrors and Chimney Glasses Sheraton Sideboards Liturgical Manuscripts Lamb's King and Queen of Heaits, 1SI8
Chippendale Secretaiie Bookcase a Louis XV. China Cabinet-Two On THURSDAY, July 17, PORCELAIN and Specimens of the Early Presses -Books on Vellum Seventeenth-Cen-
Elizabethan Chairs from Hampton Ci urt Palace- Sheraton Card Tables OBJECTS of VERTU of W. SHEEAN, Esq. tury English Literature, comprising ihe Second Folio Shakespeare,
a finely painted Satinwood Adams's Pianoforte, and a Screen Settees,
with the rare Pniethwick 'I'itle-Page- Spenser's Fairie Queene, First
a Louis Quatorze Buhl Clock a Set of four and one Elbow Charles I On FRIDAY, July 18, fine JEWELS and LACE. Edition Milton's Lycidas, First Edition Poems and Paradise Re-
gained Vaughan's Silex Scintillans Suckling's Fragmenta Aurea
high-back Hall Chairs a carved Oak Cabinet on Stand formerly be-
longing to ardinai Wiseman Dresden. Chelsea, Crown Derby, Si>vres, Cowley's Poetical Blossoms- Clasmata, by H. W.. believed to be unique
(

and other China-a Collection of Jade (some of rare pea green colour)
On FRIDAY, July 18. a rare SIXTEENTH- and other Early Poetry Sir Joshua Reynolds's Engraved Works,
a few Pictures-ItnlianBronzes-Chime Clock-Old Sheffield I'lated
CENTURY GOLD PENDANT, OBJECTS of ART, PORCELAIN, and n vols. Engravings from the Works of Sir Thomas Lawrence Chinese
Tea and Cottee Services Decanter Stands Salvers and Candelabia 'TAPESTRY' from various Private Sources. Drawings, &c. a rare Sarum Missal, printed at Venice by Hertzog in
OH Irish riate-afpwCurios-and a large Quantity of Decorative Items. 14!'! and a fine and perfect Copy of the extremely rare Ryall Book,
On SATURDAY, July 19, the REMAINING printed by Caxton in 1484.
May be viewed the daj prior and Catalogues had. WORKS of the late BENJAMIN CONSTANT. May be viewed two dajs prior. Catalogaes may be had.
 "

N^SSQS, July 12, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 47

COM'EN IS OF THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY
JLLY, for I'XiJ.
and AFTER MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S LIST.
riic SUSPENSION of the CAVE CONSl'I IL TIOX :

1. Uy the Hon. Alex. Wilmot, Member Legislative Couocil, Cape

HOW
2. By
to
Colony.
the Kev. Ur. Vr'irgman,
PIT DOWN
Canon of Grahamstoira Cathedral.
HOOLIGANISM Ky Sir Robert Anderson, "
MEMOIRS OF SIR EDWARD BLOUNT, K.C.B,, &c.
BRinSH
K.C 1{ . late Assistant Coninii^sioner of Police of the Metropolis.
and AMEUICAX SHIPPING, liy Benjamin Taylor. Edited by STUART J. REID,
The KAISEKS FLEE P. y Archibald S. Hurd. Author of ' The Life and Times of Sydney Smith,' kc.
ASIA and AVSTKALASIA. By the Hon. John DouRlas, C.M.G.,
Government Resident. Thursday Island.
LAS r WORDS on MRS. GALLVPS ALLEGED CYPHER. By W. H. With 3 Photogravure Plates. 8vo, 10*. Qd. net.
Mallock.
The READER of PLAYS to the RESCUE. By Walter Frewen Lord. Sir Edward Blount's reminiscences
* open ivith the return of Lord An'/lcscy, after the Battle of
AIWVT PLAYGOERS. By Mrs Aria.
out VNEDUCATEl) OFFICERS-A TRENCHANT REPORT. Hv Waterloo, and jyractically end with the death of Queen Victoria. lie describes his life as a ichoolhoy at
Major-General Frank S Russell, C M.G. St. Mary's College, Uscott, imdcr Br. ^\'alsh and Monsignor W'cedall, hin life as a Foreign OJhce clerk
The PORT of LONDON. By the KiRht Hon. Earl E^erton of Tatton. and as an attache in Rome and Paris in the Beigns of George IV. and William IV., and his subsff/uent
The PROPHECIES of DISRAELI. By Walter Sichel. career in the French capital as an English banker and as a pioneer of railways in France.
The ISLAMIC LIBRARIES. By Khuda Bukhsh, late Chief Justice,
The book
Hyderabad. throivs vivid sidelights on the reign of Louis Philippe and the Hevolution of iS.'f^S, the early days of the
A FORERUNNER of ST. FRANCIS of ASSISI. By Miss G. E. Second Empire, the Mexican War, and the Siege of Paris. The book also contains many interesting
Trout beck.
details about political and social celebrities, railway j'rogress in France, club life, S'c.
L.VST MONTH. By Sir Wemyss BeiU.
A MORNINGS WORK. By Gerald Maxwell.
London Sampson Low, Marston
: Co., Ltd.
NEW NOVEL BY MR. HORACE HUTCHINSON.
Quarterly, price 2.--. 6d Annual, 10s. post free.
'l'"HE
-L
RELIQUARY
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;

and ILLUSTRATED A FRIEND OF NELSON.

Edited by J. KO.MILLY ALLEN, F.S.A. By HORACE G. HUTCHINSON,
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The FOREST of the BROYLE and the PARKS of RtNGMER. By gives a vivid and convincing portrait of the greatest of great admirals.' Nelson plays a secondary part in the life record
'

W. Hcneage hegge. o Illustrations.

CARIB SrONE IMPLEMENTS in the HORMM.AN MUSEU.M. By of the gallant autobiographer, but animates the whole story." World.
Richard Quick. 11 Illmtrations.

SOME EARLY CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS RECENTLY' DISCOVERED

at KUIK MAUGHOLD. ISLE of MAN. By P. M. C. Kermode.
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TWO MODERN CELTIC CROSSES in CORNWALL. Illustrations. :)
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SIR JOHN CHANDOS. By Robert Burnard. F.S.A. Illustrated.
A NORMAN TYMPANUM with a RUNIC INSCRIPTION at PEN- BEING THE GIFFORD LKCTURES ON NATURAL RELIGION DELIVERED AT EDINBURGH IN 1901-1902.
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London : Bemrose & Sons, Ltd., 4, Snow Hill ; and Derby. Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, Author of '
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I^HE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL. Price 2s. 8vo, \2s. net.

Crmtoils JULY.
.Address to the Royal Geographical Society By Sir Clements R. " What is most truly valuable in the volume Is the mass of data brought forward and set out with a certain concrete-
Markham. K.C.B F.R S President Notes on a Map . of "The Glaciers
of Kangchenjunga." with Rentarks on some of the Physical Features ness and brightness of style that will cheerfully surprise those wlio are used to the weary verbosity affected by so many
of the District. By Prof E. J. Garwood. M..A. F G.S With 2 Sketch
Maps. Plate, and Map Kikuyu Notes on the Country, People. Fauna, ;
writers on philosophical subjects. The general reader, as well as the more serious student, will enjoy this volume, and,
and Flora By Major Richard' Crawshay. The Eruptions in Martinique indeed, it may be heartily commended to both classes." Daily Chronicle.
and St. Vincent. By H. N Dickson, M.A. H Sc. With 2 Sketch Maps
and Section. The Volcanic Eiuption at St. Vincent By E. Andrt'. " What
With 6 Illustrations Lieut. Rhoades's Survey of Lake Njassa. With religion meant to philosophers like Augustine and Kant and Leasing and Hegel, to mystics like Boehme and
Map A Journey from (iuetta to Meshed twi the Nushki-Sistan TraJe Molinos, to religious geniuses like Bunyan and Col. Gardiner, to pietists, to sceptics, literary men, scientists, saints
Route. I. By tlie Earl of Ronaldshay. With Sketch Map and 1 Illus-
trations. II. By Edward I'enton. With 5 Illustrations. The Aro Catholic and Protestant martyrs, faith-healers, Spiritualists, is here exhibited largely by quotation from an extra-
Country in Southern Nigeria Reviews Europe The Scenery of : :

ordinary wide field of inquiry, and a serious effort is made to extract some common element from all these religious
England ; General C, Miiller's Ptolemy The Monthly
Asia : Persia ; :

R'-cord. Obituary of the

Y' ear. Correspondence -On the Cartography :
varieties. All experiences are handled with philosophic aloofness and yet with a sympathy and reverence that can give
of Lake Aral, by D. .AitofT; The Lung-Kiang, Taiping, and Kinsha
Itivers, by R. Logan Jack. Meetings of the Royal Geographical no offence to sensible readers, even when such subjects as the psychology of conversion, or saintliness, or the sick soul is
Society. Session lS'Ol-1902 Geographical Literature of the Month-
New Maps Edward Stanford, 12, 13, and 14, Long Acre, C. W under considerafon." Glasgow Herald.

'PHE BETTERMENT LONDON: Greek

A
St.
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direct from the Publisherof the BniWt)-, Catherine Street, London, W.C.

NOW READY, SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED.

HIGHER MATHEMATICS for STUDENTS of CHEMISTRY
and PHYSICS. With Special Reference to Practical Work. Bv J. W. MELLOR, D.Sc, late Senior Scholar and
'l''HE PENNY CHRONOLOGY : a Series of 18.51 B.xhibition Scholar, New Zealand University ; Honorary Research Fellow, the Owens College, Manchester.
-1- Important Dates in the History of the World from the Reign of With 142 Diagrams. Svo, 12s. 6rf. net.
David to the Present Time. Second Edition. By W. T. LYNN, B.A.
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RACHEL WULFSTAN, and other Stories. By W. Stebbing,
NOW READY, SECOND EDITION, REVISED and AUGMENTED, Author of Probable Tales.' Crown Svo, 4s. 6d.
'

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S T R N OM Y
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the YOUNG. gift of story-telling in some of the best senses of the yiordt." Glasgow Htrald.

O. Etoneman, 40, Warwick Lane, E.G.

C. BENNETT'S POEMS, THE EDINBURGH REVIEW.

W. The GOLDEN LIBRARY, Square 16mo. cloth, 2>.
No. lul. JULY, l'.i02. 8vo, Gs. {On Tuetday nut.

1. The DECLINE and FALL of the SECOND FRENCH 7. The ROYAL PALACES of LONDON.
SONGS FOR SAILORS. EMPIRE. 8. VICTOR HUGO.
Mornitig Po/ft." Spirited, melodious, and vigoroualj graphic."
Daily Xeiea
" Very spirited.
2. WAR and POETRY.
9. MODERN ENGLISH and FRENCH DRAMA.
Pall yfali Oaz^tU "Keally adiniraMe." .3. The ALBANIAN QUESTION.
Morning AdxerU^r " Sure o( a wide popularity."
i. The LAST VOYAGE of ULYSSES. 10. TheMASTERY of the PACIFIC.
John Bull " Very saccessful."
MetroiHtlitan
" Instinct with patriotic Are." 5. The CAUSES of ENGLISH SCENERY. 11. TheEDUCATION HILL.
lUustruUd L/indon yewx." Kight well done."
JNVw* oj the H'orW. "There is real poetry in these sonjfs." 6. SOME RACIAL CONTRASTS in FICTION. 12. PEACE in SOUTH AFRICA.
.Virror ' With admirable felicity ne enibodie** national sentlmentB
and emotions which stir the hearts of the people."
E<ho ' '\hf^ sonei are literally written for sailors, and they are
precisely the kind of sonf^s that sailors most enjoy "
XoHfon/ormi-'r "These songs hear a true literary mark, and give out
the genuine ring,"
THE ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW.
Leed^ Merrury "There is no one nowadays who can compete with Edited by REGINALD L. POOLK, M.A. Ph.D.
Dr henneit as a popular song-writer In his volume of sea songs we JULY, Royal Svo, .'j. [On Tuesday nert.
'find the qualities which must KHomre Us sacceti."
No. 67. 1'.'02.

Ltterfool Mu\l I>r. Uennett has devoted his lyrical powers to a noble
*
1. Arti':ks.
object in this comprehensive yet inexpeniive work. This gem deserves HIEHONYMUS BALBUS in PARIS. By P. S. Allen.
to be patronized not only by our entire Koyal Navy, but by all our
-feailors' Homes and all our Mercantile Marine Associations."
S(ot*n,an 'ViT liennett's heart is thorouKbly in his work. ...All
CKOMWKLL an.l the CROWN. By C. H. FIrtli. LL.D.
spirited and vigorous There is a healthy, manly, fresh-air dash about The BALTIC EXPEDITION and NORIIIERN TREATIES of I71.'>. By J. K. Chance.
them which ought to make them" popular with the class for whose use
and pleasure they are designed
The RAISING of the HlCiULAND REGIMENTS in 17.'>7. By Lleut.-CoL E. M. Lloyd, R.E.
Examiner- full of incident and strongly expressed sentiment, and 2. KoUl and Documents. 3. Heviewt of Bookt. i. A/oticet 0/ Periodical I'ufilicntioiu.
^.avinK a simple, dashing, musical roll and movement that retmndM us
of some songs that are favourable with all sailors, and the touches of
Aumoor he introduces are precisely of the kind that they will relish.''
Chatto A Windas, lU, St. ManiD's Lane. W.C.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. London, New Yoik, and Lumbay.
 : : . :

48 THE ATHEN^UM N3898, July 12, 1902

JUST PUBLISHED. NOW READY, price 10s. 6d.

NOVELS FOR HOLIDAY READING.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
SUBMAEINE LOVE WITH HONOUR.
By CIIAKLE3 MAKKIOTT,
Author
ItBADY NEXT WEEK.

of 'The Column,'
A Novel.
VOLUME VIII.
now in its Eighteenth Thousand. Crown Svo, 6s.
WAEFAEE. RAINBOWS: Poems. By Lady NINTH SERIES
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PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. '
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NOW REAEY.
NOTES ON
By HERBERT C. FYFE. AN ENGLISH GIRL in PARIS.
Bevis Marks Synagogue, Bicentenary Celebra-
Crown Svo, t5s.

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY " It an ideal book for the summer months

is It is
extremely good reading, replete with insight, appreciation,
tion.

ADMIRAL THE and truth. There is humour, too, of a refreshing type Christ Church, Woburn Square Christ's Hos-
The authoress conceals her name, but she evidently knows pitalCivil List Pensions of Queen Victoria Civil
Hon. Sir E. R. FREMANTLE, the French capital well, and can describe what she knows War Storming of Lincoln Coik Leg, use of the
:
G.C.B. CM.G.,
with the piquancy and snroirfaire, let us say, of Sara Jean-
nette Duncan." Diii/y Teh'fjraph

expression Coronation Stone Corporation Chains

and Maces Cowley's Poems.
A NEW EDITION NOW READY, COMPLETING De Morgan on the Correct Description of Books
AND A CHAPTER ON 55,0U0 COPIES. Delagoa Bay Dibdin Bibliography Dublin
'THE PROBABLE FUTURE OF SUBMARINE The LADY PARAMOUNT. A Novel. Booksellers, Records of Bishops of Durham, their
By HKNRY HARLAND, Author 'The Cardinal's
of Styles and Titles.
BOAT CONSTRUCTION,' BY now Eighty-Fifth Thousand. Crown
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in its
East India Company's Flag Edward VII., origin
of Rime on.
Sir EDWARD J. REED, "There
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nothing l)ut praise to be given to 'The Lady
is
The book is a triumph of story-telling." Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of George II.
Mandard.
K.C.B. F.R.S. M.P.
"Mr. Harland writes with true distinction; his fancy is Games Gazetted for refusing an Honour
alert, vivacious, and original."
"A story that must not be missed
Academy.
There is not a dull
Gladstone, Volume by Oliver Goldsmith, his Pub-
With 50 Illustrations. page within its covers." St. James's Gazette. lishers, his Birthplace.

Demy 8vo, cloth, price Is. Gd. net.

' Hymns Ancient and Modern '
Harvest Bell
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The author traces the story of under- Index Expurgatorius.
" This a powerful book of serious interest."
is
water warfare from the earliest times to Pall Mall Gazette. Jews
in England
Junius, the Letters of Ladle,
the present day he esjilains the con-
" In many respects 'The Catholic' is a brilliant piece of
work." M. James's Gazette.
name for a Collecting Box Charles Land, Lamb
;

struction and working of the diving

Transfer by Church Gift Surrender by a Straw
Nicholas Laniere, first Master of the King's Musick
torpedo-boat and discusses the morality The DECOY. By Francis Dana.
Leet Ale Leicestershire Women, their height
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to arrive at some conclusions respecting "A clever novel The book is verj' readable and enter- City Vanishing
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a mode of fighting which may possibly

taining, for the author possesses a gift of shrewd charac-
terization and a fund of (luiet humour."

County Council Lord Mayors, Unmarried.
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PERSIAN CHILDREN of the
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Bibliography. Photographs of the
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British Submarines are reproduced by Tutor at the Court of H R.H. Zilliis Sulti'm, G. C.S.I. 'Prophecies' 'Merry "Tales,' edited by Hazlitt
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Burial in Wales Mummy Wheat.
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permission of the Holland Torpedo Boat "The book is full of good things very readable and Omnibus Knifeboard Orientation of Churches,
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of the French Submarines, most of Westminster Gazette. of War in English Literature Adelaide Procter's
which appear for the first time.
'
Story of a Faithful Soul Greek and Latin Pro- '

nunciation.
TERRORS of the LAW. Being the
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OPINIONS ON THE WORK. Portraits of Three Lawyers The Original Weir of Iler-
miston, "Bloody Jeffreys," and "The Dluidy Advocate Royal Standard Royal Personages, their Funerals
Admiral the Hon. Sir E. R. Fremantle says Mackenzie." By FRANCIS WATT, Author of 'The
Law's Lumber Room.' With 3 Photogravure Portraits.
Russia to India, Railway anticipated.
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giving us this popular account of sub- men, their Folk-lore
Burnt Sacrifice in 1859 Sir
marines, which is a valuable addition to DANTE and the DIVINE COMEDY
Walter Scott Shakespeare's Books Spider Eating
studies and Notes. By W. PAYLING WRIGHT. Sydenham, Jubilee of the first great Inter-
the scanty literature of the subject in the
Crown Svo, 3s. Qd. net.
J.
national Exhibition Lord Thurlow and the Duke
English language." of Grafton.
"An interesting and well-written treatise." Sjyeaher.

Sir Edward Reed says Toucan, etymology of the name Turvin Coiners
J.
" I have not been asked to say anything A LONG DUEL. A Serious Comedy. Tyburn, The Manor of,

of the book with which these lines are By Mrs. W. K. CLIFFORD. Crown Svo, 4s. Qd. William the Conqueror, his half brothers and
associated. may, nevertheless, remark
I
sisters
William III., his Chaplain in 1689.

that I have had an opportunity of hastily IN MY VICARAGE GARDEN

ELSEWHERE.
and
Canon ELLACOMBE,
Bibliography.
By the Rev.
looking through the author's proof-sheets, Author of '
With a Photo-
In a Gloucestershire Garden.' Books recently published.
gravure Portrait. Crown Svo, 5s. net.
and have formed the opinion that it is a " Canon Ellacombe writes with a fulness of knowledge
Epigrams.
most timely and highly instructive work, and genuine enjoyment of his subject which make verj'good Epitaphs.
reading." Times.
and one which gives to the non-technical Folk-lore.
world an extremely good review of all HANDBOOKS OF PRACTICAL GARDENING. Heraldry.
that has been done in the way of sub- Under the General Editorship of HARRY ROBERTS. Proverbs and Phrases.
marine war vessels, while the technical Crown Svo, illustrated, cloth, 2s. (d. net. Quotations.
man, into whose hands it may come,
will be compelled, by its great interest
Vol. IX. The BOOK of ORCHIDS. Shakespeariana.
By W. H. WHITB, F.R.H.S., Orchid Grower to Sir Trevor
and by its clever record of facts, to read Lawrence, President of the Royal Horticultural Society. Songs and Ballads.
every page of it." Other Volumes in jjreparation.
JOHN C. FRANCIS,
London : GRANT RICHARDS, 48,LeicesterSquare. JOHN LANE, Publisher, London and New York. Office of Notes and Queries, Bream's Buildings, E.C-
N 3898, July 12, 1902 THEATHEN^UM 40

THE WALTER SCOTT PUBLISHING CO., LIMITED,

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^ BOOK OF THE SEASON.

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- E.
 50 THE ATHEN^UM N 3898, July 12, 1902

MACMILLAN&CO.'S HURST & BLACKETTS MESSRS. METHUEN

beg to announce that they will Publish on August 28th

NEW BOOKS. NEW NOVELS. the eagerly awaited New IJomance by Miss MARIE
CORKLLI, entitled TEMPORAL
PO"WER: a Study
in Supremacy. Crown 8vo, tjs The demand for this
Novel is so enormous that the Publishers will be obliged to
print a First Edition of 120,000 Copies, thus surpassing the
FIRST EDITION NEARLY EXHAUSTED. record of The Master Christian,' of which 100,000 Copies
THE ROYAL TOUR. SECOND EDITION READY EARLY
'

were printed as a First Edition. Orders for this remarkable

book should be placed at once, in order that disappointment
THE NEXT WEEK.
may be avoided.
Messrs. METHUEN have just published the Life of one of
LORD
WEB OF EMPIRE: In 1 vol. 6s.
our great Empire Builders.
STRATHCONA
BKCKLES WILLSON,
ARGYLL and the Earl
:
This book, entitled
the Story of His Life, by Mr.
contains Prefaces tiy the Duke of
of ABERDEEN, both Ex-Governor-
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 N3898, July
SATURDAY, JULY
CONTENTS.
Mr. C. II. Firth ox Cromwell's Armv
coxtextio vtritatis
Words axd their Ways in English
The Scott CorxTRY axd Stirlixg
Two EDITI0X3 OF Aristophanes
New Novfxs (Abana Marts A Friend of Nelson
; ;
The Second Generation The Blood Tax A Blaze
of Glory The Ranee's Rubies Margaret) ...
; 5ti-
PHIL030PHICAL Books
Sports axd Pastimes
The War axd the Frexch Official Accouxt
Ol'R Library Taulk (The Bond of Empire Mr.
Street's Essays; Westminster and Chelsea; Guide
Historical Novels
to Prof. Bury's History of ;
Greece; Reprints; Books for Children) ... 60- -61
List of New Books
'
The Plowmax's Talk ; The Loxdox Liisrary
Catalogue The Firefly is Italy Chatham
; ;
AXD the Captiue OF Havaxa IX 1762: Joiix
Clabf.'s LIBK4RY Bkllkxdkx's Scots Traxs-;
LATIOX OF LlVV ; BIHLIOGRAPIIV
Savage Laxdor
Literary Gossip
SciExcE Recext Publicatioxs
Next Week; Gossip
ings
Fixe Arts Vax Dvck's Sketch-Book Pottery
AXP Porcelaix Egvptiax Axtiquities at Uxi-
;
VER3ITY College; Sales; Gossip 6769
Music- Glasexapp's Life of Wagxer; Opi.ra at
Covext Gardex; Crystal Palace Peace Festi-
val Mr. Bisi'HAm's Recitatiox of
; Exoch
Ardex'; Gossip; Perform axcks Next Week 7072
Drama Gos^sip
LITERATURE
C'romwelVs Army : a History of the English
Soldier during the Civil Wars, the Comtnoti-
icealth, and the
Firth. (Methuen & Co.)
This work furnishes the most signal justifi-
cation of the modern methods of specializa-
tion which the English school of history
has yet produced. AVe use the term in a
deliberate sense. For Dr. Firth is not a
specialist in the narrow German way. He
has other interests than history, and other
historical interests
teenth century and in his seventeenth-
; army of the Great Eebellion, we learn a
century studies the story of the army is to
him only one amongst many factors of a
most complicated problem. Why, then,
should a man with a wide sweep of interest
and purview such as this consent to become
a specialist to toil for years as a text
; Such is the fruit to be gathered from such
editor, and then to elaborate first one and
then another microscopic study of single
detached problems ? Only those who have
undergone such or a part of such a process
can appreciate the answer. For one thing,
it is a matter of absolute necessity. For
another, it is the only way by which salva-
tion cometh to him who would aspire to
write history. It is not merely a matter
of techni'[ue, for technique can be learnt. It
is at bottom a question of the acquisition or
the development of that absolutely detached
historical instinct which can only come in
its perfection from a close and lifelong
handling of original sources.
the professional
atmosphere of historical fact that of the
professional statistician moves in an atmo-
sphere of statistical figures; that of the
professional physicist moves in an atmosphere
of physical data or phenomena. Facts,
figures, and phenomena are alike unim-
passioned and the historian is then only
;
an historian in the true and proper sense
when the facts he handles are to liim as
lO, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM
ii, 19OS. unimpassioned as the facts on which the phy-
sicistbases his conclusions. Before an his-
torian can attain that point of severe detach-
ment or aloofness (impartiality ia but an
51
imperfect and inexpressive name for it) he
must spend years in the handling of original
54 documents. He must search for the pure
65 and mere fact until his regard for the
; pure and mere fact has grown to be second
;
;
;
nature to him.
And what then ? When he attains this
has he become a specialist ? In the sense
that he works at a particular period he may
;
be styled a specialist. But in the ordinary
acceptance of the term he is not a specialist.
Before everything else his professional train-
61 ing will have brought him a sense of the
'
continuity of human events, history, life.
Nothing in human history is causeless, dis-
crete, isolated, unconnected,
OF WaLTKR The historian looks before and after. The
6264
64
phenomenon which he selects for elucida-
; Societies; Meet- tion can never be to him an isolated
6667 phenomenon, a single thing sharply de-
;
limited on all sides. So, though he brings
to his task all the minute care and accuracy
that come of long and microscopic toil, his
'
mental view is not cramped to that little
measure. His judgment is not merely that
72 of the historian for its aloofness and pro-
fessional accuracy it is at the same time
; an honest attempt towards making the pay
that of the philosopher for its wisdom, that
of the politician for its practical sense.
Take the book before us as a case in point.
It is a study of one side of the Great
Rebellion. Diflter as it may in time and
Protectorate. By C. H. local circumstance from every other rebellion
in the world's history, it yet remains in its
essence a typical rebellion and the study of
;
it has a reflex import. In viewing the Great
Eebellion we see a typical instance of the
hidden force of those impulses of discon-
tent religious or economic which have
originated and will yet originate every
rebellion on the earth. A
rebellion needs a
than that in the seven- military force. Tracing the history of the
significant lesson as to the creation of such
a force. A
rebellion needs financing, and from
the financial history of the years 1640-60
one may derive an even more signal and
permanent lesson in political statecraft.
historical work. But and this
return to the point from which we started
only he who has attained the historian's
mind can ever study, conceive, and write such
history as will yield such fruit. " In study-
ing the history of the Great Rebellion,"
says Dr. Firth in the preface to this work,
"it became necessary for me to study every
side of the military history as much as the
it,
political or the relif^ious. It was not enough
to try to understand the characters of the
leaders and the beliefs and ideals of their
parties. A civil war is not only the conflict
of oppo.sing principles, but also the shock of
material forces. It was necessary therefore
The mind of to ask what the purely military cau.ses were
historian moves in an which led to the triumph of one cause and the
; downfall <f the other. How was it that the
Parliament succeeded in creating an eflicient
army while the king could not do so, and what
was the secret of theefliciency of the Now Model
When I began to seek the answers to these
questions it became necessary to go farther
than I had at first intended. The political
and tho Htiiiulard
histories of the {)eriod
histories of the English army loft many things
unexplained, and there were many parts of the
ol
subject on which they ga\e me no light. It
was necessary therefore to try to got to the
bottom of the whole matter and to endeavour
to find out all tho details of the organization of
tho army, oven if those details appeared at first
sight to have little bearing on the general result
of the war."
In preparing his work Dr. Firth has
been the first to utilize the uncalendared
Commonwealth Exchequer papers, an undi-
gested mass of several hundreds of bundles
of loose documents dealing with every side
of Commonwealth expenditure, and par-
ticularly, of course, with that side of it
relating to the army. From this source,
in the main, ho has drawn up an account
of the internal organization of the Crom-
wellian army, its raising, recruiting, pay,
commissariat, clothing, equipment, and its
or resultless. provision for sick and wounded and for old
soldiers.
It may be safely and at once stated that
the whole of this part of Dr. Firth's work is
absolutely new. But not only is it new, it
is absorbing interest in itself. The pay
of
of the soldier was high a foot soldier
:
received M. a day, a dragoon 1.?. Gd., a
trooper 2s. equivalent, let us say, to 2s. 6d.,
53., and money.
7. of our
In times of
dearth, as in 1649, the pay was increased,
of the soldier bear some relation to the
cost of living. The pay of a colonel was
equivalent to 1,200/. a year of our money,
that of a captain to 480/., and of a lieu-
tenant 240/.
Severely as such high pay taxed the
financial resources of the Commonwealth, it
had one inestimable effect on the composi-
tion the army.
of Privates and officers
alike were of the best that money could
procure. The standard of elllciency and in-
telligence represented the higher rather than
the lower level of the civil efficiency and
intelligence of the time. Accordingly, when
the soldiers found themselves driven to inter-
fere in political matters they acted with
a sobriety and sagacity that even at this
distance of time seem wonderful. It was
not merely Saxon phlegm that saved Eng-
land from the bloody excesses of a revolu-
tion era it was much more the fact that the
;
army represented the best civic blood and
by way of intellect of the country, and represented it
simply because tho scale of pay made it
worth a self-respecting and sober man's
while to become a soldier.
In the matter of commissariat the makers
of the Cromwellian force had literally to
evolve a new order out of chaos. In the
first years of the war the contending armies
depended for their provisions on the good-
will of the surrounding country, with a
result that was unsatisfactory cither way:
" At Chesham we were well accommodated for
beer, having great plenty nt .\ynhoo wo were
;
very much scanted of victuals jatChipping Norton
our regiment stood in the open field all night,
having neither Ijread nor water to refresh our-
selves, having also marched tho day before
without sustenance. When
the army reached
Cheltenham wo had by time marched six
this
'.
days with very little provisions, for no place
whore wo came was able to relievo our army, we
leaving the mad all tho way and marching
through poor littlo villagos. On tho return
inarcli it w;is much tin; same we could gel no
;
accommodation either for meat or drink but
what wo brouglit with us in our snapsacks."
 "

52 THE ATHEN^UM N3898, July 12, 1902

From tho want of a proper commissariat Commissioners of the Parliament. After and had hardly any mechanism for the
arose the practice of quartering troops on the the capture of Bristol in 1649 the Com- creation of money. Yet it honestly strove
country. lloughly this system prevailed missioners took up a large house in that to do its best for those who suffered in its
from 1G13 to 1649. Though styled "free city and set up there a hospital of con- cause. What is modern England doing
quarter," the system did not imply that food siderable size. to-day ?

and lodging were provided gratis, but only "They procured attendants and surgeons, This army had a religion and politics of
that payment therefor was deferred. A provided subsistence for patients, and found its own, sagacious, firm, and true as any

ticket was given to the civilian by the com- quarters in neighbouring villages for those whom institution has ever been that has g^own on
missary specifying the number of soldiers the hospital could not take in. They also saw British soil. But the account of these
to the burial of those who died of their wounds, matters is so condensed, so closely packed,
quartered on him, the time they were enter-
and provided those who recovered with money
tained, and the amount due for such enter- and of so absorbing an interest that it is
to take them to their colours. In a report
tainment. Hundreds of such tickets still sur- addressed to the Parliament they enlarged on
impossible to present it in abstract.
vive duly receipted as paid by the treasurer of the fortitude of the wounded, no less patient And when the army came to be disbanded
the army. From 1 649 this system was discon- in their sufiferings than they were courageous in at the Restoration it still showed the same
tinued, and a third step in the development their undertakings, and begged the House to majestic steadiness of discipline, sagacity,
was taken. An addition of a certain sum reach forth its arm of comfort to these poor and self-restraint. A homogeneous and com-
was granted to soldiers on active service as men, whose pay will be far short to defray their pact force, whose sword swayed the balance
charges and expenses in this their extremity." of the realm, simply demanded its arrears
billet money, and an Act passed for the
more certain and constant supply of the But these local hospitals at Bristol, North-
ampton, and elsewhere were only temporary
of pay and
quietly dissolved. Is there in
the history of any country an incident com-
soldiers with pay and the preventing of
any further oppression or damage to the establishments. Throughout the period the parable to this? And the marvel is the
people by free quarter or billet. Whatever London hospitals (St. Bartholomew's, Bride- greater when it is borne in mind that to all
provisions regiments in the field might well, St. Thomas's, and Bethlehem) supplied appearances the full tale of the arrears never
draw from the magazines of the garrisons the only permanent provision for the care was paid. Dr. Firth says something like
they had to pay for or replace. In the same of the sick and wounded soldiers. Dr. Firth 700,000/. was paid as arrears on the dis-
way the daily rations issued to the soldiers gives some very interesting figures as to the bandment at the Restoration. could We
of any particular regiment or company totals of the patients who passed through wish that he would re-examine the point,
were charged to its account, and deducted them. for the only official account that appears
from the pay due to it when the regimental Finally, what about the poor soldiers to have survived shows hardly half that
accounts were made up. The general result broke in the war, their widows, their chil- amount to have been paid. As this ac-
Dr. Firth sums up as follows : dren ? On this point Dr. Firth shows that count has never been printed, and as it
" On the whole, after making due allowance the Cromwellian age set an example which shows in brief the final form of this memor-
for their failures,
the administrators of the might put our own to the blush : able army, it may be reproduced. It is as
Commonwealth and Protectorate solved the " There was an effort made to provide some follows (Declared Accounts, Audit Office,
problem of feeding their forces with a fair support outside the hospitals both for disabled Bundle 47, RoU 8) :
amount of success. The army appears to have soldiers and for the widows and orphans of the
been better fed than the navy during the One fortnight's pay for the various regi-
same dead. On the 25th Oct., 1642, the day after ments of foot and horse in England ... 26,823 15 10
period; at all events complaints are fewer. The Moneys issued to the several regiments of
the battle of Edgehill, the two Houses published
commissariat department, it is evident, was far horse and foot and garrisons in satisfac-
a declaration promising such a provision. It tion of all their arrears in order to the dis-
better organized than it had been in the earlier banding of them
recited that whereas there were divers persons
part of the Civil War, and the system com- The Duke of Albemarle's
serving the Parliament in the present war who regiment 6,813 11 8
pared favourably with that existing in most had little or nothing to maintain themselves, The Duke of Buckingham's
foreign armies at the time." regiment ... 6,593 12
their wives and children, but by their own
The Earl of Northampton's
The same welcome light of closely detailed labours, the Lords and Commons would pro- regiment ... 7,460 12
fact is thrown upon all the other sides of the vide competent maintenance for such of The Earl of Peterborough's
regiment ... 9,859 2
organization of this memorable army its them as should be maimed and thereby dis-
abled, and in case such persons should be
Lord Belasyse's regiment
Lord Mordaunt's regiment
7,-354
7,609 7
clothing, arms, mounting, and tents, its Lord Herbert's regiment 7,093 15
slain they would make provision for the
drill and manoeuvres. In the matter of the Four companies of Lord Wid-
livelihood of their wives and children. drington's regiment 4,237 2 9
army medical organization, as in the com- Though these promises were imperfectly ful- Col. Sir Henry Cholmeley's
missariat, the whole structure had to be regiment 4,9.35 18 7
filled, owing
to the financial difficulties of succes- Col. Charles Fairfax's regiment 9,564 1 3
built up from its foundation. When at last sive governments, a serious attempt was made to Col. Thomas Read's regiment ... 7,885 15 10
order had been brought out of chaos there Col. Leonard Lytcot's regiment 10,352 15 1
carry them out. In November, 1643, a special
Col. John Hublethorne's regi-
was a properly organized medical staff, tax of about 4,000L a month was ordered to ment 10,046 19
consisting of two Physicians-General, a Sur- be levied on the counties for the next six months.
Total for 13 regiments of foot 99,806 16 8
geon-General, and an Apothecary- General. The allowance to the disabled or their families
was not to be more than 4^. a week. The funds The Duke of York's regiment ... 14,461 10 7
Each regiment had a regimental surgeon The Duke of Albemarle's regi-
raised were to be administered by four Trea-
'
with two companions, whilst outside civilian ment 15,285 2 9
surers for maimed soldiers,' who had their office The Earl of Sandwich's regi-
physicians were employed, being paid by ment 16,514 1 10
at Cordwainers' Hall in London. In August,
the job. Their biUs still exist in hundreds. The Earl of Oxford's regiment... 15,928 6 10
1644, after the expiration of this ordinance, 200L Lord Hawley's regiment 15,775 15 11
" One, George Blagrave, sends in an account a week was charged on the Excise and was Lord Howard's regiment 10,587 11 9
Sir John Cloberie's regiment ... 12,870 4
for the wounded soldiers cured by him, in which ordered to be paid to the Treasurers. Three Sir Hugh Bethel's regiment ... 14,801 14 4
each injury is charged for according to its years later the fines for non- payment of the Col. O'Neale's regiment 16,252 6 3
gravity. For curing a sore bruised leg he asked Excise duties were assigned to the same purpose, Col. Sir Kichard lugoldsby's regi-
ment 14,702 12 2
10s., for a cut over the eye and a sore
thrust in and other sums of money were from time to time Col. Sir Edward Rossiter's regi-
the arm 11. The highest charge was voted." ment 15,473 17
11. 10s.
Col. Sir Ralph Knight's regiment 17,3.36
1 15 3
for a certain John Bullock, who had a very
sore At the Restoration the whole of this
cut in the fore part of his head, which caused Total for 12 regiments of horse
56... 179,989 18
piece of his skull the breadth of a half-crown
a humane provision of hospitals and pensions
came to an end. The 140 soldiers still in Garrison of Sandown, Windsor,
piece to be taken forth. Calshot Castle, Hurst Castle
the hospitals in September, 1660, were and Plymouth 939 14 4
So, too, in the matter of hospitals. No Garrison of Jersey and Guernsey 5,044 3 4
field discharged. Some 1,500 widows and orphans
Garrison of Cardiff and Tenby... 1,.396 5 8
hospitals existed. The wounded in battle who had been in receipt of pensions and Garrison of Ludlow, Shrewsbury
were collected by the countrymen round or and Chester 1,739 7 8
1,700 maimed soldiers who were out-pen- Garrison of Isle of Wight 3,269 6 4
by their comrades; no movable hospitals sioners were given twelve weeks' pay apiece, Garrison of Clifford's Tower,
attended the army. But here again a de- Hull and Scarborough Castle... 445 16
and dismissed with letters of recommendation Garrison of Landguard Fort ... 980 10 2
termined effort at organization was made Garrison of Tilbury Fort 947 18
to the justices of their respective counties.
by the Parliament, and success more than So closed the history of the Long Parlia-
Garrison of Pendennis Castle ... 170 8

partially achieved. The sick and wounded Total for Garrisons 14,933 9 6
ment's effort to provide for its faithful and
were billeted out, and provision for their Payments to sundry officers soldiers not
soldiers. Seventeenth- century England was present at the general disbanding 20,083 6 IJ
cure and sustenance was made by the not rich indeed, it was financially distressed, Grand total 341,637 6 9

N380S, July 10, 1902
Contentio Veritatis : Essays
Theology. By Six Oxford Tutors.
This book comes but deserves
to us lato,
recognition as representing a school of
thought which has as yet no adequate lite-
rature. It is impossible to consider these
essays without reference both to Lux Mundi
and that famous volume Essays and Re- '
views,' which awakened so violent a commo-
tion a couple of generations ago. Such com-
parison is, we think, largely to the advan-
tage of Dr. Eashdall and his contributors.
To the general body of that public which
regards orthodoxy, in the narrower sense, as
a test of truth, all three books are, perhaps,
equally unpleasant phenomena. But the
interest of none of them really arose from
this. '
Essays and Reviews '
to vindicate the principle of free, scien-
tifically conducted inquiry in matters of
religion. But, probably from the condi-
tions of its origin, it was little else.
series of isolated essays, it afforded no
general view of Christianity, and was, in-
deed, mainly notable on the negative side.
Some of the authors, such as Mark Pattison
and Jowett, were men of brilliant intellec-
tual gifts, and they wrote much that was
worthy of remembrance. But, as is now
known from later publications, their hold
on any positive creed was of the slightest
and thus, though the aim of the writers was
to establish in the sphere of religion the
rights of the truth -lover, they offered no
real help to an age that was seriously per-
plexed as to its faith.
'Lux Mundi,' on the other hand, was
avowedly written by "servants of the Catho-
lic creed and Church"; and so, while it
affected the old High Churchmen with horror
at the audacities of Dr. Grore, its help to the
"distressed faith" which it professed to
" succour " was too much that of advocacy to
be convincing. True, it was occupied with,
and to a certain extent succeeded in, setting
out that faith in relation to modem philoso-
phy, and some of the essays, like that of
Aubrey Moore, are permanently valuable.
In so far as it ministered as it undoubtedly
did to the growth of enlightenment and
impartiality among the High Church party
it performed a service. But without in any
way attributing motives to the authors, one
could not but feel that some of their writing
had too much of the impression of leading
up to a foregone conclusion to produce the
effect desired.
The present book
is different
of its predecessors. authors claim that
Its
" criticism must be wholly free," and there
is little or no taint of a parti pris about their
writing. Whatever the value of the con-
cltisions of the various writers, a question
into which we cannot enter here, there is
no doubt of their being their own, adopted
from a sense of their truth and reasonable-
ness, and in no way held because incumbent
upon them as Churchmen or as clergymen.
Some may deny the right of men with such
convictions as are implied in this book to
be in holy orders. But no candid person
can deny to them the creditof having formed
their convictions on a reasoned and dis-
passionate study of such evidence as they
could gather. In regard to miracles, the
line taken by nearly all is one which
would have seemed
little short of blasphemy
';
THE ATHEN^UM
a century or less ago, and sure to be con-
is
in Co7istructive
demned by many now. all the more
But
(Murray.) weight is to be attached to the declaration
in the preface :
" They are agreed that, as the result of the
rapid progress in certain departments of human
knowledge which has made the Victorian Age
*
the most revolutionary epoch (in these matters)
since the Reformation, a very considerable
restatement and even reconstruction of parts
of our religious teaching is inevitable and at
the same time they are agreed that other founda-
tion can no man lay than that which is laid,
even Jesus Christ."
It is this fact that these
differentiates
essays from Essays and Reviews.' That book
' truth are unquestioned and unc[uestionable.
was essentially nebulous in its teaching, and
could leave the reader with little or no idea
was an attempt as to what religious truth, if any at all, the
writers held to be of fundamental import-
ance. This is essentially constructive and
profoundly Christian. It is an attempt to
A disengage the essential from the accidental
elements of Christianity, and to show that
in the writers' view these essential elements,
so far from being opposed to reason and
science, are in the fullest accord with them.
How much outcry the book
arouse in may
"the religious world" not our busi-
it is
ness to inquire the real purpose of the
;
writers is never destructive, but a critical
restatement where needful of fundamental
truth. Ever since Paley's pre-eminence
was assailed it has been felt that something
was at fault in the argument from miracles,
even if they were shown to have happened.
The writers of this volume boldly declare
that the fault lay in putting them in the
forefront of an argument for a spiritual
interpretation of the universe. So far as we
can gather, their views would greatly vary
as to how far they could attach their own
credence to any particular alleged miraculous
occurrence but they seem one and all
;
agreed that physical miracles are a matter
of no more than secondary importance, and
that it does not greatly concern us whether
they happened as on the orthodox view or
not. We
are not inquiring whether these
notions are right, but pointing out that this
is the view that gives the book its signifi-
cance, and will arrest attention from the
wide public which abhors apologetics. The
ordinary person may be apt to inquire, If this
be admitted, what remains of Christianity ?
The answer, in the view of the essayists, is.
All that has even now any power to affect
the lives and thoughts of men. For, if we
from either consider the positive content of the religious
teaching of these writers, it will be found
to contain all that, to the view of many,
Christianity has been meaning as vital
religion, to the last generation at least, and
much that seems the exclusive possession of
High Churchmen.
We have never seen the metaphysical
argument for idealism set forth with such
lucidity and cogency to the non-philosophical
reader as in Dr. Rashdall's essay except,
indeed, in the writings of the great neglected
eighteenth-century bishop to whom Dr.
Rashdall refers, 'it is a pity that Berkeley
is not more studied, and his style at least
imitated by our modern thinkers. It never
had its equal for the limpid simplicity with
wliich it sets forth complex and profound
arguments. To take another point, so far
from vanishing with tlio relegation of mira-
;
5:
cles to thesecond place, the doctrines of the
Person and the teaching of Christ, of a
Church, and oven of the Sacraments are seen
to grow clearer from their disentanglement
from obsolete forms, or at least, whether or
no the forms are obsolete, the notions are
shown to be independent of them. This
book is, of course, no summa theologice, and
we should greatly like a more complete
treatment of the doctrine of sin than is
; given incidentally by Mr. Wild. It is, of
course, possible to quarrel with its authors
from more than one standpoint. Ihd the
volume is a fact. The honesty and intel-
lectual gifts of the writers in their search for
They let it plainly be seen what their opinion
of the net result of the process of free
in(|uiry is ; their opinion may be wrong, but
it exists and cannot be ignored. It may
be described in a sentence as the belief that
(1) Christian Theism is established on an
unassailable foundation of reason (2) a ;
sober and impartial view of the evidence
leads to the conviction that Jesus was the
supreme revealer, teacher, and redeemer of
mankind and (3) religion, so long as it
;
exists on earth, needs and normally obtains
expression in some form of church and
sacraments.
It is clear that the modern Broad
Church party (if we may use a name which
would probably be repudiated) owes much
to the Tractarians, and has in it elements of
leverage on general opinion which the old
school of Jowett and Stanley indisputably
lacked. Looking at evidence afforded by
writings like those of Mr. Henson, who
is "popular" in a sense, and other indi-
cations, into which we cannot here enter,
we are inclined to share the belief of the
essayists
"that they represent tendencies and points of
view which are far more common among the
clergy of the Church of England than is com-
monly supposed by persons whose impressions
about clerical opinion are derived from current
controversies, whether in the secular or the
religious press."
Anyhow, we welcome the book, and
believe it
opportune moment.
to have appeared at a singularly
Such a collection of
essays should be a valuable corrective of
erroneous opinion as to the dominant ten-
dencies of thinking minds in the Church of
England.
IVords and their Ways in English Speech. By
.1.Bradstreet Greenough and G. Lynan
K^ittredge. (London, Macmillan & Co.
York, the Macmillan Company.)
New
TiiK inquiry how words have come to be
what they are is a valuable element of
general education, in proportion to the aid
it gives in comprehending the exact
mean-
ing and function of words and phrases, and
in appreciating the dignity and marvel of
language. Such educational value attaches
to these interesting chapters on
main
Words
purpose
'
and their Ways,' though its
answer some of the questions that
is to
occur to the practical man
in moments
" when the ama/ing phenomenon of articulate
speech comes home to him as a kind of
commonplace miracle." The autliors havo
wisely ignored, or summarily dismissed,
speculative questions which occupy the
imagination more than the reasoning

54
powers, and which have led to much
troversy bringing little edification.
busy practical man is attracted by the pro-
blem of the origin of language he is rescued
from waste of time and energy by the curt
pronouncement that "we do not know, and
we can never know, how language began."
It is, however, very properly asserted that
"in the absolute sense oi the term a word
has no essential meaning.
' '
Words are con-
ventional signs. They mean what they are
intended to by the speaker and understood to
mean by the hearer. There is no other sense
in which language can be properly said to
signify anything."
This is generally true, in spite of many
cases in which the same set of words has
one meaning for the speaker and sundry
other meanings for his hearers. No human
coQvention can secure complete reciprocity.
Defective reciprocity between interlocutors is
one of the causes owing to which so many
words change their significations. Another
barren discussion is disposed of in the
words, " Where this Indo - European
mother - language was first spoken no-
body knows" (p. 161). The popular
and mischievous fallacy that laws of
sound-change admit of no exceptions is
dismissed in the phrase, " Comparative
grammar is ahuost an exact science." The
reader is not troubled with the sounds of
the Indo-European mother- language or with
its affinity to other mother-languages, or
with the pedantries of purists who seem to
ignore the constant operation of the " desire
for novelty " in language. But within the
limits of verified observation, and without
the irksome technicalities of linguistic
specialists, there is much very useful infor-
mation to be acquired about words and lan-
guages, and of this there is a well-selected
and well - arranged assortment in these
twenty-six chapters, which all students of
language ought to peruse, if only for the
sake of the sensible criticisms of philological
maxims and generalizations and the happy
choice of illustrative examples. The philo-
logy is derived not merely from grammars
and dictionaries, but also from a service-
able intimacy with literature.
Only once have Profs. Greenough and
Kittredge adopted a fallacious theory
namely, a modified form of the saying of
Hamann that "all language is poetry."
Yet this error is suggestive, and offers an
opportunity for pointing out that the figures
of oratory and poetry, metaphor, metonymy,
litotes, pleonasm, &c., are studied or artistic
adaptations of the " unstudied processes of
our ordinary speech." The fallacy is due to
insufficient appreciation of the difference in
method implied by the epithet " unstudied "
(p. 6). Prof. Skeat's derivation of " gawk "
sb. from Anglo-Saxon " geac " (^cuckoo),
akin to Old Norse " gaukr," is refuted by
the longer forms of the adjective "gawk,"
namely, " gaulick - handed," " gallok
handed," allied to French dialectic "gole,"
Swedish " valen" =" benumbed," accord-
ing to Prof. Skeat's more recent note on
"gawky." Yet on p. 366 we read, "A
cfawk is properly a cuckoo, and comes from the
Old Norse." This is the correct etymology
of "gowk," which word may have con-
taminated "gawk'' aa to meaning and
function. The verb "gawk" is most
probably an extension of "gaw" (^look
-
THE ATHEN^UM N^aSGS, July 12, 1902
con- intently), and not related to "gowk" or The reputation which Whitney made for
If our "gawk"sb., or "gawk" adj., "gawky." American linguistics is being well advanced
The 'N.E.D.' suggests that "gawk " sb. is by his successors. The present contribution
either from " gawk " adj. or " gawk " vb. from Harvard to the study of English is the
The excellent chapter on Words from the '
best book of the kind yet published, and
Names of Animals would be improved by
'
constitutes a good introduction to the serious
the addition of " bugle," " to cave in " (for study of English speech or of the Indo-
"to calve in" from "calf"), "crane," European group of languages.
"easel" (Ger."E8er'=- ass)," to ferret out,"
"gudgeon," "muscle" (Lat. musculu8 =
"
We
mouse "), "torpedo," and "urchin."
little
cannot accept the last two clauses of
" This form agro- {agri-) nowhere exists by
The Scott
Crockett.
Country.
(Black.)
By the
Ancient Castles and Mansions of Stirling
Esv. W.
M
S
itself, but it must once have so existed, or NoUlity. By J. S. Fleming, F.S.A.Scot.
it could not have been used in making (Gardner.)
compounds," in view of " au-spicium," A Scotch publisher was wont to speak of
" man-cipium " (p. 172). Nor is the analysis
old woodcut blocks as " cleeshies." There
of Lat. " iteratio " into " i hti + ro + a + ti
+ "
quite impregnable (p. 170). We
is a good deal of the "cleeshy" in Mr.
W. S. Crockett's book, The Scott Country.'
'
have noted a few Americanisms, such as The illustrations are of divers kinds some :
" puckery " =astringent (p. 20), "society
are photographs of no great merit others ;
buds," and " adults not otherwise ticketed are "cleeshies," indeed, like Birket Foster's
as vulgar," where " ticketed" suggests the '
Harden (not a very good work) and a
'
shop window (p. 31-1). *
Fast Castle after Turner.
'
Here a con-
It is misleading to say that the suffix
siderable part of Logan's Keep is represented
"-able" in saleahle and eatable is arrived as yet standing, but now, in fact, scarce
at by "having borrowed the word 'habit-
anything is left, and the photographer's art
able.' " It is due to a faulty division of
gives a much less sublime view of the cliffs
Latin derivatives such as " habitable." We than Turner did. On the whole, the illus-
note this trifle because
philologists are especially the photographs, must
trations,
prone to assume arbitrarily that a form has unfavourably affect the reader who knows
followed the analogy of some particular
not the Border. Everything looks stunted.
form, and to use this assumption as if it were
Euberslaw is too clearly not a " mountain,"
an absolute certainty. and the alien student infers that Border
The most attractive chapters are those on writers are not only patriotic, but excessively
' The Literary Language,' Fashion in Lan- '
imaginative. However, the photographers
guage,' Fossils,' Generalization of Mean-
' '
employed scarcely do justice to what
ing,' Specialization of Meaning,'
'
Trans- '
Scott gravely called "mountains," and
ference of Meaning,' Degeneration of
'
Prosper Merimee styled " bosses verdatres."
Meaning,' 'Euphemism,' and 'Folk-Etymo-
The country has more than one kind of
logy.' The following passage will serve to charm, and we understand that Yarrow is to
exemplify the tone and style of the work: be much embellished by a light railway.
"Everybody who speaks or writes with As much ought to be done for Teviot and
any care must be a purist in some degree, for Ettrick, and tea - gardens (or whisky-
we all have our pet aversions in vocabulary and gardens) ought to be scattered along
construction. Both the purist and the innovator the line at suitable intervals for re-
'
'
are necessary factors in the development of a freshment." The " cleeshy " is not
cultivated tongue. Without the purist our lan- absent from what is invidiously called
guage would change with extravagant rapidity ;
"the letterpress." The old, old extracts
our vocabulary, for example, would give daily hos-
pitality to hosts of new words which have nothing
from Lockhart are served up again this ;
but whim to justify them, and which would appears to be inevitable. For the rest,
be soon superseded by equally lawless forma- Mr. Crockett deals with the other local cele-
tions. Without the innovator our language brities of the country of Scott, which has
would come to a dead stop, so far as literary been uncommonly rich in writers who, if not
expression is concerned, and in a short time great poets, have left one or two good songs
the speech of books would have lagged so far behind them. Hogg, of course, infinitely
behind the speech of conversation that the two
excels the rest of the rural minstrels,
would form dififerent dialects. The history of
any literary language is, then, a record of
being a man of undoubted genius, both for
successive compromises and readjustments prose and rhyme, though destitute of train-
'
between the old and the new." ing. His Confessions of a Justified Sinner
'
add a horror to the empty moors at the head
Etymology has its humours. A modern of Ettrick, and, in many passages, suggest
"barouche" (p. 132) is a four-wheeled Stevenson's touch. Jamie Thomson is
bicycle, for " barouche " goes back through more celebrated than studied and, but ;
French, German, and Italian to the Latin for his friendship with Scott, Leyden would
"birotus" (= two-wheeled); so that we be forgotten, though undeservedly. Mr.
might have used the rare " barouchette" Crockett is generously disposed to many
instead of "bicycle," as "twy-wheel" is other tuneful persons, from Thomas of
scarcely euphonious. It is a pity that, as a Ercildoune to Prof. Veitch. He also deals
" hand- cart " is etymologically a "bicycle,"
with the history and traditions of the
the new machine was not called " foot-car," countryside, occasionally discriminating in
on the analogy of "hand-cart," but "cycle" favour of verifiable facts at other times ;
it is, and " cycle" it is likely to remain in letting legend have her agreeable way.
spite of all regrets. Our author's remarks About the Ehymer he is firm, and scouts
on folk-etymology lead us to suggest that "the popular, though absurd, tradition
"bus" is due to "omni" or "ombly" of his translation to Fairyland." Cer-
being taken for a mysterious, and therefore tainly we have no authoritative and
superfluous, adjective. contemporary documents to attest the

N-SSQS, July 12, 1902
circumstance. On the other hand,
Mr. Crockett informs us that Johnnie Faa
was " the real lover of Ladie Jean Hamil-
ton, daughter of the first Earl of Haddington
and wife of the sixth Earl of Cassilis." If
so, Lord Cassilis appears to have taken the
escapade of his lady with good humour. He
wedded her in 1621 in 1642 (December loth)
: that " the town rose into prominence during
he invites Lord Eglinton to her funeral, and
speaks of her with affection, as the Eglinton
Papers' prove. So good a tale as the slaying
of Jamie Thomson's father by a ghost who
resented Presbyterian exorcism might have
been inserted. As for the Seasons,' we can '
hardly say, with Mr. Crockett, that " arti-
ficialism is entirely absent," though
Scotia, with exulting tear,
Proclaims that Thomson was her son,
as Burns rapturously sang.
Justice" is, we think, correctly explained
by Mr. Crockett as a reference to the
summary justice of the Border commissioners
of James yi. and I. They themselves pitied
their victims, but it is needless to pity
Johnnie Armstrong, whose betrayal seems
to rest on a ballad, filtered through the
fabulous Pitscottie. As to fair maiden Lil-
liard, who fought at Ancrum Moor, her name
may be derived from a place, Liliot. But
if Warden's days were held at "Liliot Cross,"
the place must have been close on the
actual marches, which Ancrum Moor is not.
For the Border meetings at ''Liliot Cross"
we are vaguely referred to "very early
documents." That the Cavers gauntlets were
"taken from the proud Percy" seems a
tradition as doubtful as the famous
wedding of Harden to Muckle - Moued
Meg of Elibank, the lady being preferable
to the gibbet. Mr. Crockett strongly
doubts this tale, and we believe that a
variant occurs in G-ermany. If Hawick
was, perhaps, "a settlement of the
Gadeni," and if the Gadeni were Celts,
as seems likely, they, at least, cannot have
called the place " Haga-wic, Hawick," the
fenced in habitation. A
local poet, un-
named, sings, of Flodden : destitute of romance.
Round about their gallant king,
For countrie and for crown,
Stude the dauntless Border ring,
Till the last was hackit down.
Perhaps the people of Hawick did
make good
Their dark impenetrable wood,
but the " Border ring " (as it is too appro-
priately styled) went for the loot. Far from
being " >.ackit down," the Borderers were
stillon the field next morning, with an
eye, as was deemed, to the plunder, but a
volley from the English guns prevailed on
them to withdraw. However, these were
Berwickshire spears, Humes, Logans, Chirn-
sides, and the rest. The yearly Common
Riding of Hawick is a remarkable survival
in a place not apt to brood over the storied
past. Mr. Crockett believes that the Hawick
chorus, "Teribus and Terioden," is "pro-
bably a relic of North Anglian heathendom
part of a pious invocation to the Scandinavian
deities ThorandOdin." But are "Anglians"
Scandinavians y That "Terioden "' is only a
modern nonsense rhyme to "Flodden " has
been averred by sceptics (who had better
not say so at Hawick). We certainly never
heard that, at Selkirk, "an Englinh
standard " from Flodden was preserved and
a local sceptic sees in this venerable relic
THE ATHENE UM
the flag of the weavers. The Selkirk "
of arms " has no more to do with
Flodden than
withColensojthe Madonna and Child are from
the town seal, as Mr. Crockett thinks " more
than likely." Mr. Crockett, probably by a
slip of the pen calls The Souters of Selkirk
,
'
of older date than Flodden, while adding
the eighteenth century for its manufacture
'
of shoes," whence the inhabitants are called
"souters." Indeed, he also says that the
ballad is of date subsequent to Flodden.
The legend about boiling Lord Soulis is as
apocryphal as "the fragmentary ballad of
'
Barthram's Dirge,' " by Surtees of Mains-
forth. Was Sir Alexander Gibson (Lord
Durie) kidnapped on Leith sands or on the
sands north of St. Andrews ? Both tales
" Jeddart are told. Mr. Crockett follows Scott, who
votes for Leith, and cites an authority of
1714, very long after the event, if ever the
event occurred. As to Traquair and the
Forty-five, Mr. Crockett might have con-
sulted '
The Memorials of John Murray of
Broughton.' The earl assuredly did not
show well in that business. Mr. Crockett
is right, and Sir Walter was quite wrong,
in his identification of the Fair Dodhead
in the ballad of 'Jamie Telfer,' whence
we may infer that Scott is not the author
of the ballad, though he, or Hogg, seems
to have touched it up. The right Dod-
head is near Skelfhill and Teviot, not in
Ettrick, as Scott strangely supposed. Mr.
Crockett also puts Sybil's Well (in Mar- '
mion ') in its proper place a fictitious ; Erskine was more frequently spelt in the
Sybil's Well is shown to tourists. It may
be added that if the Scots, from Flodden,
saw the English cross Twizel bridge (as
in Marmion' they do), they must have had
'
eyes like those of which Sam Weller dis-
claimed the possession. Sir Walter treated
history and topography in his poems much
as Turner treated landscape. There was
nothing photographic in his descriptions, as
is proved by Mr. Crockett's photographs.
The word "lodgings," in English, is
But in Scots the
town house of a prince or earl might be
called his "lodgings." Mr. Fleming has
designed, very agreeably, a number of old
"lodgings" in the town of Stirling, and many
country houses of the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries yet extant in the shire. The
handsome volume which contains Mr. Flem-
ing's drawings offers also brief accounts of
these picturesque relics, of their builders,
and of their history. Probably the author
is more at home with pencil than with pen,
and he would have done well to get some
professed antiquary to correct his proof-
sheets. Thus Sir Hugh Paterson may be
correctly described as mile/i, but not as
militis. Of all people the antiquary needs
to know Latin, and, if he does not, he
had better leave the language of an( ient
Eome unquoted. It is full of pitfalls, as in
the reference to " Sir Hugli, militis^ In
the third line of chap. i. " dilapidated " is
printed " delapidated," which is not quite
the same thing. Tympani hardly sounds
correct, and the word "ascribe" ought not to
be used in place of " describe." In the Latin
language there were propositions which had
certain meanings disregarded by Mr.
Fleming. He errs also in tliinking that
;
the great Montrose was " Duke of Mont-
rose" in l(i4.j. The following sentence
'
;)0
coat about Callander House is not lucid, and
appears inconsistent with respect to the
science of arithmetic: "On January l.'Jth,
15G(), she Mary Stuart] visited her friends,
I
with the royal infant, spending four days,
on the 21th of that month with them."
It is not easy to
spend four days on any one
day, whether be the l;!th, the 21th. or
it
(as Mr. Fleming apparently means) both.
This stay of four days was interesting,
though Mr. Fleming does not say so, be-
cause the Queen was taking Darnley to Kirk
o' Field. Whether Lord Livingstone, the
owner was mixed up with what
of Callander,
presently occurred at Kirk o' Field is un-
certain, but really "Rotherim" is an eccentric
way of spelling Rotlierham, where Lady
Livingstone " was left ill," says Mr. Fleming.
He has produced such a pretty book, and
his drawings of old houses, with their
gables, crow steps, turrets, doorways, and
quaint nooks, are so pleasing, that we can
but regret his lapses of knowledge and
vagaries in spelling.
Among his houses Mar's lodgings are
nearly the most interesting. The Mars were
often keepers of Stirling Castle and cus-
todians of infant heirs to the crown. As
the party politics of Scotland were a mere
series of plots to kidnap princes, each Mar
had a delicate task. In view of the age
and the country the Mars were men of
honour. It was the Regent Mar, apparently,
who began to build the "lodging," which
is decorated with coroneted " ^'s," though
present way. Mr. Fleming also pictures
the Mar house of Alloa Tower, where
Queen Mary stayed soon after the birth of
James VI. 15uchanan represents her visit
;
to Mar as a very disreputable jaunt. Ban-
nockburn House is a good example here ;
Prince Charles and Clementina Walkin-
shaw began their unhappy love affair.
Airth, a remarkably fine old place, was the
home of the Rev. Robert Bruce, who had
such endless trouble with James VI. over the
Gowrie conspiracy. The House of Touch is
also a relic of many ages and orders, and
has its own Jacobite memories. In fact,
almost every one of the houses, whether
"lodgings" in town or chateau in the
country, is rich in romantic memories.
The Elphinstone House, according to Mr.
Fleming, was the abode of a man who fell
at Flodden, while his father died at Pinkie-
cleugh. He must have been a very aged
veteran, still arms so many years after the
in
death of his son. Indeed, Mr. Fleming
ought to be more careful.
The Knights of A)i8topha7ies. Edited by
Robert Alexander Neil. (Cambridge,
University Press.)
The ComedieH of Aristophanes. By B. B.
Rogers. Frogs : Ecclesiaznsa:. (Bell &
Sons.)
A attaches to the edition
r.vTiiEi KJ interest
of the Knights before us
' the editor was
'
:
snatched away in the fulness of his powers
last summer, and many will eclio the tribute
paid to him in the introductory pages by his
friends. He was, however, uhlo to leave
behind him in liis long-oxpected work a
memorial worthy of his powers.
The Knights of Aristophanes presents
' '
few dilliculties of textual criticisni, but all
 ;

5() THE ATHEN^UM N 3898, July 12, 1902

of them are frankly met and fully discussed "In colloquial Greek and Latin KaKos and shown to fail in at least four instances,
here. The editor, while avowedly conserva- raalus were constantly used with a meaning that three of which are taken from one scene of
tive, has evidently given due weight and
in modern times would be expressed by an im- the Bacchse.'
'

precation. Bad is a poor rendering in hundreds

'
'
The work is completed by three indexes,
consideration to the views of previous
of such cases, rt kukou, Thesmoph., 1080, is
scholars, and mentions without blame con- malum and is in all respects worthy of the play. It
quid, to 'swear at,' and the
? ;<a/<i'^oj is
jectures which a less patient scholar would is with profound regret that we reflect that
KaKodaL/j.ovurTal. mentioned in Lysias were an
criticize as they deserve. Throughout this Athenian 'Hell Fire Club.' The use is more its editor will produce no more. can We
portion of his commentary his attitude is common in Latin malum was the common ;
only trust that among his pupils some may
that of one who would rather aim at the imprecation of a Roman, and the adjective has be found to carry on the work he has
truth than win in any controversy with a similar meaning in many such cases as begun.
another editor. His sympathy with his Horace's mali culices, Catullus's malus liber Many years have passed since we noticed
author's spirit and his own wide know-
and malfe tenebne male inulcatus in Cicero,
;
the last result of Mr. Rogers's Aristophanic
Brutus, 88, Phjedrus, 1, 3, 9, is a weaker form
ledge have given him here, too, a great labours, which have always been valued by
of Lord Wharton's 'damnably mauled.' The
advantage over many of his predecessors. words dya6u<ij Ka/<os, bonus, malus, so obscure the discerning. His 'Wasps' (1875) is
We take at random two instances of his in origin, may have all had a religious meaning now difficult to get, as appeared at the
matter and manner in dealing with such once this would suit their social and political
;
time of the Cambridge Greek play. The
questions :
usage, as nobility were Sioyeveis, and also such praise that we first gave long ago is equally
"872, eV^aSo;!', MSS.; e/x^aSou', Dind. and cases as mala lingua, malum carmen." due now. Mr. Rogers occupies a unique
most editors Meineke, Vind. Arist., 62, says,
; position among commentators on Ai'isto-
'sic constanter Attici ^tvyos cum duali con- Notes of similar interest to the above phanes, and the news of his increased
jungunt.'" will be found throughout the commentary. leisure leads us to hope that he will be
This is Neil's comment :
We have marked especially those on able to complete his translation and com-
o(,a<TKaudiKL(io, 19; ^eots 34;
"This is entirely wrong (evyos eji[id5oiv is ;
1. ex^P'^> mentary, a model for scholars at home and
as unnatural as a pair of two shoes.' The gen.
' rex^'yy TTotelirOui, 63; wydOe, 160; Ko/3aAos, abroad. In a play like the Ecclesia- '

pi, is regular, though editors perversely give the 270 Ovi'voa-KOTTwv, 313 XdfSpa^, 361 x^ciXa-
; ;
; zuste' our Western ideas make translation
dual sometimes. Fr., 52, (SoiSapiiov (evyo';. (do), 385 Xi'irapo^,
; 536 fSpvd^oj, 602 ; ; particularly difficult. Each stumbling-block
Alcteus, Com., 14, ^evyo<s fSowv. Antiphanes, 205, trtrt^w, 715; i'avi(TKon', 731; xj-^pa, 806, as Mr. Rogers has surmounted with admirable
Tttwi' ^ivyos Andoc, Alcib., 26, (euyos LTnriov'
;
; instances in which the editor's knowledge tact and spirit, two qualities not often com-
and so Isocr., Vig.. 25, kvXlkojv (euyos. Ister both of languages and literatures has
ap^ Athen., xi. 478B. (Fr. Hist. Gr. i. 423),
bined. And Mr, Rogers knows his English
stood him in good stead. classics, too, from Milton to Mulvaney, the
^euyos (XTTvplSuiv. Anth. Pal., vi. 28, 5, (evyos
Special attention may be directed to the sure hall-mark of a good translator. His
Xrji'ioi' ib., 231, 4, ^evyo^ Sr^/xaywywi'.
; Plut.,
Agis, 2, {'tuyos SpaKovTWP. note on 130, where the true Greek distinc- rendering is, in fact, as good as any one
Ti. Gracch, 1,
(TTpocjjiyycji' ^vyo<;. C.I.A., ii. 834 b, (vyo<; tion between e^ts and crxecrts, with that could wish, whether scholar or reader in
o-KV(f>(op ib., iii. 60, opvideiMX' ^euyos, &c. Dio-
;
between e'^oj and dX'yj'^, is defined and the mere pursuit of enjoyment. The real
cletian's Tariff, 4, 23-51. The only case I know exceptions collected and explained to that ; poetry of some of the Aristophanic lyrics
of the dual is Ar., Fr., 344, 4, (evydpiov on 174, wherein is contained a most con- has been admirably preserved, while the
oiKexov fSooh; where there is special emphasis on vincing defence of the manuscript reading cut-and-thrust of the dialogue is as sharp
the ordinary farmer's two oxen and no more. In
l\apx>]^ovo. to the explanation of t</)' e^S^Ka
; and neat as English allows.
^-Esch., Agam., 44, there is more to be said for
KojTrats offered in the note on 546 and the Mr. Rogers's critical powers are also
Dindorf's ^eijyo? Arpe^Saip than for most such ;

duals but MSS. have 'ArpuSdv."

;
common sense which lets bad alone in 755. remarkable. He has a keen eye for every-
There are three appendixes to this volume, thing that has been done of late in that line
On line 940 we have the following :
and each of them merits notice here. The in separate papers as well as editions, and
" ayoTTVtyen;?, MSS.; eVaTroTri'iyav;?, Elma- title of the first is The Particle ye.' It is '
yet he presents a refreshing independence.
ley dp.' airoTrvcyetijs, Bergk."
difficult without fuller quotation than our
;

The only instance in which we find serious

Neil comments :
space would allow to give a true impression ignorance of the results of modern scholar-
" OTTV is of course impossible
in ordinary comic of the value of the essay here contained in ship is in the reference to Monk's note in
iambic trimeter but such things are allowed in
; twenty-two pages, AVe can only state briefly Eur. (' Hipp.,' 643) on I'va with the past
lyric metres, and I cannot think there is suf- that the author's aim was, as he modestly indicative, which is now antiquated
ficient reason to introduce any conjecture
puts it, " to bring together certain principles (' Ecclesiaz.' 1. 426). In these phrases I'va. is
tragic scansion would give burlesque emphasis
that regulate the use of the particle," and essentially final, as is shown, indeed, by the
to the curse."
that by dint of thorough and exhaustive negative p/Sei' in 'O.T.' 1389 (Jebb's note).
Independent, however, and fearless in his research he has succeeded in his endeavour. In 1, 129 of the 'Ecclesiaz.' " Aiiphrades "
criticisms ashe was, Neil shows throughout The conclusions which he reaches are sup- is surely selected as being by derivation a
due regard to his predecessors in the same ported by quotation from the whole of garrulous, very adviceful person, without
field. His obligations to Dr. Eutherford Greek literature, and if we are not certain any essential reference to his undesirable
and Cobet more especially are fully and about ye in our texts of Homer and Pindar, Mr. Dobson's
reputation. It is as in
frankly acknowledged, and, like the former,
yet we can feel sure that, as regards Attic Ensign (of Bragg's) made a terrible clangour.
he would seem to have taken for his motto Greek, ye's business is settled and ye " pro-
the i\vOep(j)s 8ovAeue' SovXos ovk There was a living prototype for the name
ecref of perly based." In Neil's words " The limits
there too, but it was the right name for the
:

Menander. within which ye may be used have been

When we turn to the epexegetical com- occasion, whether it existed or not.
given; though wide, they are real limits,
mentary we realize even more how excellent and cases beyond them must be regarded
a scholar and how great a teacher has been with suspicion."
lost to the world by Neil's premature death. NEW NOVELS.
The second appendix deals with the
We are struck by the wealth of illustration 'Political Use of Moral Terms.' More par- Ahana. By K, M, Edge, (Chapman &
to be found throughout; on every page Hall.)
ticularly interesting are the discussions on
there are quotations from literature, ancient
the words da-^aA?}? and Tvoviipos, /JioxOijpos One conceives the author of this long and
and modern, which are the product of wide used in this connexion. painstaking story to be a lady who has
reading and yet are never inappropriate to The third appendix is a short excursus lived for some time in India, and (be it said
the text on which the editor comments. We
on the use of Tragic Ehythm in Comedy.'
'
without flippancy or disrespect) read her
have not space to quote more than one or Neil's own position is that Aristophanes Kipling appreciatively and well. The theme
two extracts from these notes, and must seldom, if ever, uses a purely tragic line is one of sentimental gloom, with constant
refer the reader who desires fuller confirma-
without intention. The instances he quotes hints of tragic development and that per-
;

tion of our eulogy to^ the commentary itself.

from the Knights,' on which he has already
'
haps is the most widely popular kind of
The note on nZv KaKiZv in the first line may commented, are supported by parallels from sentiment. A young English officer in India
be quoted as beiug but the first among other plays, and incidentally Cobet's "certa is the heir to a great estate in England
made
many specimens of lucid and sensible ex- lex metrica " concerning the third foot of who desires above all things
by a relative
position; a tragic iambic (' Nov. Lect.,' p. 207) is a suitable and dignified marriage and well-
 N389S, July 12, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 67
bred offspring for bis successor. In the cir- obligation to write in the first person, to conscription, or, to speak more correctly,
cumstances, our hero, the young ofRcer, when he decided to do so he ought to have universal liability to military' service, he,
naturally falls desperately in love with a familiarized himself with the language the through the mouths of German officers,
supposed Eurasian girl of more or less dis- first person would use. There are many says much in its favour. On the other
reputable antecedents in India. This is other details which interfere with the illu- hand, he points out the predominance of
Ahana and before the end of the story is
; sion but they fade into insignificance
; the army and the formation of an arrogant
reached we learn that Ahana is really an before the great artistic blunder of casto of oflicers, results of militarism, t arriod
English girl of irreproachable birth and guaranteeing, or seeming to guarantee, the to the extent it is in Germany, which destroy
breeding, whose true parentage has been essential truth of his story of an attempt all self-respect in the middle and lower
hidden from her for mercenary reasons by to assassinate Nelson on the evening of classes. The
writer also dwells on the
her supposed father, the villain of the his- September 2nd, 1805. If ]\Ir. Hutchinson horror felt by those liable to military ser-
tory. This, of course, makes marriage has any evidence of this, he owes it to vice on being drawn for the army, and
with the well- endowed hero feasible, were history and the memory of Nelson to publish the disgust of reserve men when periodi-
it not forbidden by the tragic note which it in sober guise, not as a mere prefatory cally recalled to tlie colours for training.
prevails throughout the story. The cata- statement in a work of fiction. If he has The central episode, however, is an illustra-
strophe is not very convincing, but it is full not, he is transgressing all etiquette in tion of the penalty inflicted on every offiier
of the sentimental kind of forced pathos. fathering his imaginary crime on Bonaparte, who, struck, jostled, or insulted by a civilian,
The "Wee Willie Winkie " type of boy, who had crimes enough of his own to does not at once obtain redress by his
with a lackadaisical Mrs. Hauksbee with- answer for and we believe that he has so
; sword. Whatever the circumstances, the
out pluck for his mamma, figures in these transgressed, for we believe the only Xelson officer who fails in this respect is almost
pages with rather tiresome prominence. whose life was attempted was that impos- mechanically removed from the army. The
The pictures of Eurasian life are the best sible Nelson who talked of Blackwood as plea for such conduct and the political
things in the book. " on the Euryalus." effects on the people of the blatant supe-
riority of officers to those who are not
officers are set forth with force, and it is
Marta. By Paul Gwynne. (Constable & The Second Generation. By James Weber shown that the consequence is the growth
Co.) Linn. (Macmillan & Co.)
of Socialism, if not anarchj', among the
SrAiN' is perhaps the one European country A YouxG Hamlet of Chicago, sworn to masses.
where possible in the twentieth cen-
it is still avenge his father's death and falling in
tury to lay the scene of a genuine though love with a girl who turns out to be the A Blaze of Glory. By John Strange Winter.
entirely modern romance. Mr. Gwynne's daughter of his father's foe, makes a very (White & Co.)
story of Marta and her two English lovers, good foundation for a story, and Mr. Linn
There is plenty of movement and unex-
as narrated by one of them, has a distinctly works it out with a fair measure of success.
pected incident in this story, which ends
mediteval flavour in some of its grimmer He ought to have had the courage to face somewhat tamely in South Africa. The
episodes, and yet one feels that in Spain the difficulty of making things come out
worst part is the conduct of the heroine, who
it might have happened yesterday. The happily in the end. In such a case the
behaves in a manner not to be anticipated
author knows the country, its language, commonplace of fiction was to be preferred
and its customs so intimately that he forgets to the commonplace of life, where things do
in one of her position and training. We
are led to believe that she is attractive
Lis readers may not be equally privileged, not happen as they ought to happen in
in person, but we decline to believe that she
and his perpetual lapses into the Spanish romance. Still, Mr. Linn shows his ability
is so in behaviour. At the beginning of
tongue may prove tiresome to the unin- as a novelist. He keeps his story very well the story she is but sixteen, and the only
structed. He has encumbered the narra- in hand, he is consistent and true to life,
child of a mother of gentle birth, but
tive with a good deal of unnecessary detail, and he has a very pretty skill in love-making. small means she has; been carefully brought
which makes the earlier chapters a little It indeed, a pity that he did not allow
is,
up by the latter in a dull seaside town.
heavy but when once the scene is trans- himself to be a little more sentimental, for by
;

The dulness, which she relieves meet-

ferred to Spain one finds a freshness and every novel-reader would gladly exchange
ing, without her mother's knowledge, her
vivacity of treatment which go far to com-
pensate for any fault of crudeness and
any amount of political jobbery for a page
of flirtation. Mr. Linn shows, not obtru-
lover
a dragoon, of course who comes
over from a neighbouring garrison town to
inexperience. Mr. Gwynne writes of some sively, that he possesses a good taste and
see the girl, preys upon her mind. Hence,
of the customs of the country with a frank- knowledge in literature, and this makes him when her mother announces that a well-to-
ness unusual in an English novelist, and at a pleasant companion all through his very do parson wants to marry her, she runs
the same time with a commendable absence readable story. off to the dragoon, who had paid her
of coarseness.
marked attention when she spent a fortnight
2'he Blood Military Romance.
Tax : a By at the town at which he was quartered.
A Friend of Xelson. By Horace G. Hutchin- Dorothea Gerard. (Hutchinson & Co.) Arrived at the station after a long journey,
son. (Longmans & Co.)
TuE work before us, as its gory title sug- for there has been change of quarters, she
By old-established custom, which may plead gests, deals with militarism and conscription. finds that she is only just in time to see the
the authority of Scott and Dumas, the The scene is Germany, and the object of the regiment on the railway platform about to
writer of an historical novel has a right author '\s to show what evils spring from the start for Egypt. While looking on outside
to modify the facts of history to suit the German military system. That there are the barrier she overhears some remarks
requirements of his narrative, but not some evils in the methods of its application which show that the lover is engaged to
merely to gratify a love of change. Can the world knows and we frankly admit. another girl. On this she faints, and when
it be anything but love of change, or On the other hand, it will scarcely be denied she recovers tries to commit suicide. The
ignorance, which has led Mr. Hutchinson to by the impartial and observant that a above is enough to show what sort of a girl
travesty the details of the battle of Copen- military training, when properly carried she is. She has constantly a crisis, and her

hagen as, for instance, in describing the out, is beneficial, both from a moral and a peculiarity is that at each she faints. Alto-
ships as engaged on both sides, or the physical point of view, to the manhood of a gether this book is not one to bo praised,
Monarch hutly engaged with the Three nation. The hero of this story, one Millar, but it is amusing.
Crowns battery ? What we still more object a civil engineer, accepted a year's engage-
to is that, writing in the first person, ment at a German factory, partly from busi-

he makes his hero a young naval officer, The Ranee's Rubies. By Dr. Helen Bour-
ness motives and partly from a desire to

a friend of Nelson's and Xelson himself study the German system of national defence
chior. (Treherne & Co.)
talk and write the journalistic dialect of the Dh. Hei-Ex Borit* gives a very good
and ascertain its applicability to England. iiiKi:

twentieth century
speak of '-first-class Ho returned to England at the end of the picture of life in a small state somowhoro in
battle - ships " of the friend as "a
;
year, convinced that the German system Rajputuna. She does not bore the reader
master's mate on H.M.S. Monarch," or of would not suit Englishuien and dipgusted with too much instruction, but she makfB
''BUckwood just come on the Euryalus with German militarism, though recognizing one see, or believe that one can see (which
into Portsmouth." As he was under no the fine qualities of the Gorman officer. As is all one wants), how things appear and

5.S
what people are like in this not very
hackneyed part of India. The story is
ingenious enough as far as the detail of its
plot goes, but the writer makes a grave
mistake in killing her heroine too soon and
shifting the interest to what is compara-
tively uninteresting. Having introduced
the heroine well and sketched her with con-
siderable skill, it was essential to keep her
alive to the end, and if the author was
determined to make a sad end the death
should have been kept for the last page.
One cannot admit the possibility of any other
method. The author's mistake does not
prevent one from appreciating the cleverness
or the vivacity of her work, but it spoils her
book.
Margaret. By L. T. Meade. (White
&Co.)
The heroine of this story is described
one of her friends as belonging to the " holy
army of martyrs," and if the martyrs were
good, unselfish people, sadly lacking in
judgment and common sense, Margaret
might well have joined their band. In a
moment of quixotic exaltation, she makes
herself responsible for her adopted sister's
crime, and forthwith proceeds to weave a
tangled web by borrowing the identity of a
lady with whose antecedents and upbring-
ing she is unfamiliar. Later, undeterred by
the path of deception which she is obliged
to tread, Margaret feels curiously justified
in marrying the rector of her parish
without confiding to him the intrigue in
which she is involved. The inevitable dis-
comfort to herself and her husband ensues,
considerably enhanced by the presence of
her sister's child, of a gentleman who levies
blackmail, and of a jealous, prying sister-in-
law, who is, however, the most living character
in the book. The story will be found very
readable by those who enjoy mild domestic
fiction shrouded in criminal mystery.
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS.
Although philosophy includes amongst its
present or recent exponents in the University
of Berlin such distinguished men as Dilthey
and Stnmpf, not to mention Zeller, there
is none of them, except the last, whose
work is better known in this country than
Friedrich Paulsen. He has made some notable
contributions alike to criticism and to history.
His Ethics and his Introduction to Philo-
' ' ' call his work The Origin of Thought is not
sophy' are already accessible to English and
American readers in the versions provided by
Prof. Thilby. His Geschichte des gelehrten
'
Unterrichts,' a book of vast learning and
invaluable to all students of the history of
universities in Germany, still awaits a traws-
lator. ^Meanwhile, two American writers, Mr.
Creighton and Mr. Lefevre, of the Sage School
of Philosophy, Cornell University, present us
with a rendering, more than usually free from
the faults that 1)eset most American versions
of German works, of his Immmuiel Kant: his
Life and Doctrine (Nimmo), This monograph
was written by Prof. Paulsen for Frommann's
"Klassiker der Philosophie," a series which
the translators describe as corresponding
generally with the "Philosophical Classics"
issued by Messrs. Blackwood, But the German
series is a much more ambitious enterprise
than its English analogue. The volumes of
it are prepared with Teutonic thoroughness.
They deal with their subjects at a length and
with a completeness which place them far
ahead of the little books, however admirable
many of them may be, which aim at serving a
THE ATHEN^UM
similar purpose lierc. Of these Aolumcs the
one on Kant commonly considered
is to be the
best. It embraces all that modern criticism
has had to say on that philosopher, at least in
his native country. It also contains an excel-
lent biographical sketch. Although it pur-
ports to treat Kant's system as a whole, it
does not go too far into the less important
elements of that system, and it avoids the
mistake, too often made by critics and com-
mentators, of dwelling too much on the
destructive side of his thought and too
little on his metajdiysics and on the
positive results his speculations.
of If
there is any
better book on Kant
than this it has yet to be made generally
known, and the English reader will find it a
very valuable addition to such works as the
late Prof. "Wallace's or Prof. Caird's on the
same subject. Especially worthy of praise is
the introductory chapter on Kant's signifi-
cance, both for the thought of his own time
and for the general history of thought. But
by the whole book is a fine example of philo-
sophical exposition.
Another volume of translation coming to us
from the same quarter contains Dr. George
Montgomery's version of Leibniz's Discourse
onAIetaplujsics, Correspondence iviiUArnauJd,
and MonadoJogy (Chicago, Open Court Pub-
lishing Company). The translation has little
to recommend it. There is an absence of
grip about it, and in some places an illiteracy,
particularly in such matters as punctuation
and the common use of language, which is not
favourable to philosophical equanimity. The
attractive element in this venture is the
introduction by M. Paul Janet. What he has
to say, though brief, is very much to the point
as was only to be expected of so distinguished
a student of Leibniz,
In Tlie Field of Ethics (Boston, Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.) we have yet another contribu-
tion to philosophy from the United States.
This little book reproduces half a dozen
lectures delivered at Harvard by Prof. George
Herbert Palmer. He himself describes them
as "an introduction to ethics of a somewhat
noA'el kind." It is not, he says, a mere
sketch of the chief principles of moral science,
nor an analysis of the will, nor even an
attempt to trace the origin of the moral senti-
ments. On the other hand, it makes no claim
to show the aims by which conduct, however
remotely, is directed. The author's object
is "to fix the place of ethics in a rational
scheme of the universe " to determine the
;
boundaries which mark it off from other pro-
vinces of knowledge, and the character of the
moral man. The reader who imagines that
the execution of this purpose proce ds by
any very novel method, or is attended by any
very novel results, will take Prof. Palmer's
description of his own work too seriously.
At this time of day every aspect of the
ethical problem has been treated so fully
as to make us suspicious of untried methods.
After traversing the field of ethics our guide
himself ffers us nothing but what has been
offered before. "When he supplies definitions
and the proper place for them, he reminds
us, is at
the end of inquiry he can only quote
Prof. Sidgwick, or Prof. Alexander, or Mr.
Herbert Spencer, or Bacon, to say nothing of
Paley, or even of so suggestive a writer as
M. Guyau. Ethics, he concludes, is "the
study of how life may be full and rich," or, in
the words which he quotes with admiration,
the branch of knowledge which teaches men
" that they might have life and that they
might have it abundantly." It was to promul-
gate this doctrine in a large sense much
larger, indeed, than the sense in which the
words can have been originally used that the
lectureship of which this little book is the
outcome was founded by Mr. W. B. Noble, of
Washington, to some extent as a memorial to
;
N3898, July 12, 1902
the late Dr. Phillips Brooks. What Prof
Palmer has to say on his well-worn theme is
stimulating, and he says it in the easy and
unconventional style and with the tendency
to very plain statement which proclaim the
American writer.
Dr. Paul Sakmann's Bernard de IMandeville
vnd die Bienenfahel -Controverse (Freiburg
i. B., Mohr) is an excellent and in some
ways remarkable study in the history of
what is called the Age of Enlightenment. The
author, who is a professor in a Realgymnasium
in Clm, tells us that he had at first intended
to write a much larger work on the period in
question, and the various shapes which the
philosophical movement then assumed in France
and England. By the advice of Prof, von
Sigwart he restricted his energies to one writer
only, of whom he has provided an account at
once comprehensive and discriminating. If
there is anything in his treatise to be depre-
cated it is the length at which he thinks fit
to analyze and explain IMandeville's views
but, as he reminds us, this task has not been
undertaken before little use has been made
;
of the philosopher's minor productions, while
of his chief performance only the first part
has attracted any very serious attention. Dr.
Sakmann tries to introduce some sort of order
into the ideas to which Mandeville, as he
maintains, gave careless and casual expression;
he tries, not without some degree of success^
to reduce them to a definite scheme. Whether
or not the scheme which he exhibits is coherent
another question. In the course of his
is
critical observations he points out in an inte-
resting fashion how many modern tendencies
of thought are anticipated by the man whom
he calls at one moment the Hogarth of philo-
sophy and at another the acutest of " t he-
spirits that denied " in the Age of Enlighten-
ment, He writes well, and as he avoids many
of the distinguishing qualities of German
philosophical literature, what he has to say
allows itself to be read.
A work of an entirely different character
from any of the foregoing is the Rev. D.
Nickerson's The Orinin of Thonrjht (KeganFaul).
The author, who is an army chaplain, mentions-
for thoughtful young men and
'
that he writes '
women who have had a good ordinary educa-
He
tion, but have not read any philosophy."
suggests, however, that older men and women
might also read the book, if philosophy has
formed no part of their instruction. Philo-
sophy, says Mr. Nickerson, more than any
other subject, not only begets thought, but also
assists an understanding of "the writings of
the great men and women of the past and
present," and therefore he offers the world the
Why he should
fruits of his leisure hours.
'
'
clear, for nowhere does he make any approach
to a consideration of the problem suggestetl
by that title, much less offer even the vaguest
solution of it. What he does offer is a mis-
cellaneous collection of observations of a
The observa-
would-be original character.
tions, however, on every subject treated are
such as have often been made by professional
or even clerical gentlemen in their leisure
hours, and do not, as a rule, do more than skim
the surface of things. Mr. Nickerson seems
to have read widely, for he quotes largely.
SPORTS AND PASTIMES.
Huntimj, Salmon Fishimi, and other
Moose v
Sketches of Sport in Canada. By T. R. Pat-
tillo.
(Sampson Low & Co.) Readers of ]\Ir.
Pattillo will agree with Mr. R. B. Marston
in his preface that there are,
" of course,
"
some things in this work which are not quite
on all fours " with our views of sport." Why
contain
it is "of course" that a book should
much slang, not a few oaths, much that re-
sembles the doings of a sporting Munchausen,

N389S, July 12, 1902
we ai'o at a loss to conceive. The whole tone
of the book resembles the forced spirits and
" high jinks " which were popular in records
of Transatlantic sport some sixty years ago,
in the writings of Frank Forester, for instance.
Sooth to say, Mr. Pattillo's fun and im-
mensely high spirits Jar upon the reader of
the sporting literature which finds favour at
present, when the butcliery of sport is kept as
much as possible out of sight, and the habits
and mode of life of the different quarries pur-
sued arc skilfully introduced to bespeak the
reader's sympathy with the creatures which
are necessarily sacriticed.
Mr. Pattillo has not much that is new to
tell about moose shooting by means of the
imitative call made of birch-bark and care-
fully blown by an Indian. Indeed, it is nearly
a quarter of a century since he thus shot, and
the numbers of this stag in Nova Scotia must
have largelj' diminished. His adventures with
salmon on tiie Medway and Bridgewater rivers
are stirring and will amuse stay-at-home
anglers, but he does not enter philosophically
into the many questions connected with the
economy and habits of this fish. Without
some endeavour to increase the stock of know-
ledge on salmon and other wild creatures,
abundant sport with rod and gun becomes
somewhat distasteful. Mr. Pattillo's inno-
cence is at times bewildering. " There is a
peculiarity," he saj's, " about these fish
'dolphins], not seen, I believe, in any other,
that nearly escaped my notice, viz., their
changing into the different rainbow coloiu's
when dying." Has Mr. Pattillo never caught so
familiar a fish as a mackerel ? He gives an ac-
count of a dog called a "toller," of a reddish
yellow colour, which by practising antics taught
it by its master, such as running and jumping
along the shore, tumbling over, and the like,
can lead a flock of inquisitive duck nearer
and nearer to the concealed gunner, who
then shoots them. This kind of dog has been
known for centuries in England as a necessary
part of the working of a duck- decoy.
" Grisle" is probably a misprint for " grilse,"
but the following sentence is unintelligible to
an Englishman : "He
had to let up on goose
lor that pudding." But it is only fair to
quote a longer sentence, and then to compare
it mentally with the writing of St. John,
Colquhoun, or Sir E. Grey. Some wild geese
had been shot, and the author says :
" This was such wonderful luck that we had to
holloa couldn't help it, such special luck was
making us drunk with excitement. Neither of us had
ever even approached it. The ground all about was
dotted with dead and crippled geese, and the poor
old broken-winged chap hopped about when he saw
the five geese coming so near him, as though able to
get up and go along with them yet lie didn't."
;
Compare this scene, which smacks of the
poulterer's shop, with any similar description
of an English sportsman's feelings. He will
dwell upon the humane mode of shooting,
so as to give his victim the least suffering,
and upon several details he will not enter at
all. The one is thus the writing of the edu-
cated, humane sportsman; the other that of the
gunner pure and simple. Mr. Pattillo's book
shows how much the heartless Initchery of
birds and beasts which Inspired sporting
literature only so far back as half a century
has given way to a tender, humane, and
kindly method of shooting. He who shoots
his hares in the back, or cuts off the long
tail-feathers of a cock pheasant, is looked on
with anything but approbation by his fellow-
sportsmen. It is interesting to trace these
marks of pity and care in the sport of to-day
as compared with the past, and, while con-
templating them, Ml-. I'attillo will not
probably be astonisJied that we cannot com-
mend either the tone or the matter of his
liook.
" Lord Cranville fJordon's connection with
sport is so well known that his reminiscences
! I
THE ATHEN^UM
are of special interest." So says Mr. Grant
Ivichards, the publisher of Sporlhiij lirmiitis-
cou-i'K, by Lord Granville (!ordon, edited by
Mr. F. G. Atlalo, and the statement will not
be disputed. Like other modern authors,
his lordship is anxious to explain how the
book came to bo written, and the editor
undertakes this task for him in a way which,
while satisfactory, is not perhaps so con-
vincing as was Sir .lohn Astley's preface to
his well-known book. If we recollect right,
he disclaimed all idea of reluctant yielding to
the pressure of many friends who assured him
that his experiences could not fail to interest
a large iiublic but expatiated on the pleasure
; style might be bettered, but his matter and
with which he had on occasion found his
pockets well filled with crisp notes. The
receptacles were still with him, but, alas
their occupants were gone. In the hope of
refilling them he wrote his book, which had
much success, but he did not live long enough
to reap the full reward. A
certain simi-
larity in the books suggested the comparison,
but the present volume deals with a greater
variety of sport, which is naturally treated in
different ways by different authors. Lord
Granville is a sportsman and a poet. The
editor says :
"He has shot and fished and hunted all over the
British Isles, and his experiences of grouse driving
at Lowther, on the occasion of the recent visit of
the Crown Prince of Germany, have a personal
interest. His foreign sporting expeditions include
his trip to Wyoming with the late Horace Flower,
his excursion after reindeer and ryper in the Har-
danger district of Norway, and the unsuccessful
ventures in Albania and Sardinia " kc.
It may be added that Lord Granville writes
well and says plainly what he means. Ho also
has the faculty of correct observation of men
and of country, as his descrijitions testify.
With all of his conclusions it is, of course,
impossible to agree for example, when he
; certain that when a man is
states as "a curious but undeniable fact that
very little more than thirty years have elapsed
since man first knew the real art of angling
for salmon," which have only recently been
" educated to rise at flies the like of which
' '
never which never grew." At
flew, the size of
the same time, his sound common sense leads
him straight when treating of the question,
Do salmon feed in fresh water ? He prefers
the testimony of his eyes during a rise of
March Browns to the scientific conclusions
of the Scotch Fishery Board, and he thus
liberates his mind :
" With what these painstaking gentlemen prove I
am in no way concerned. It is enough for me to
feel convinced that salmon do feed in fresh
water, and to know moreover that they will have
some March Browns in preference to others, rei'ect-
ing the latter unconditionally. When they take a
bunch of worms, you have to give them time to
swallow before you strike There is a millionaire
of my acquaintance who never has a shilling in his
pocket. But a secretary walks behind writing
cheques, and that keeps up the supply of men. and
women, who touch their hats to the principal. Well.
I would as soon call him a pauper as admit that the
"
salmon never feeds in our rivers !
Golf and billiards come in for comment, the
former being considered the best antidote to
the attacks of "Time, the Mower." The
author contrasts the games in the former
;
there is but little difference between the best
amateur and professional form, whereas in the
latter the distinction is wide. He is right
in placing .lohn Koberts, jun., at the head
of professional billiard plaj'ors, for certainly,
though ho might be now, and must be soon,
passed by younger men, yet none of them
has approached his best performances, and
he was as great a showinan as a player. It
will be seen that the scoi)0 of the book is
wide, and the extracts given convey an idea
of how the subjects are treated a word of
;
praise, however, should be added on behalf of
the excellent illustrations by Messrs. A.Thor-
burn, J. (J. .Millais, and Harrington Bird, as
well as the reproductions from photographs.
The book is well turned out and deserves
success.
Crirkt't Form til a dUuicc {IS1S-1U0:>), by
Home Gordon (Constable), is a useful collection
of details,avoiding the "records" which flatter
the individual and do little for cricket or
consistcney as a whole. Australian perform-
ances arc included. Lord Hawlce conlrilmtcs
a .sensible introduction, which, however, docs
not cover some ugly money-making features of
modern cricket.
We gladly notice the parts appearing of
drickcl of To-(hi!i and ^'(slcr(lal| (T. C. &
K. C. Jack), by P. V. Standing. The writer's
the illustrations are alike excellent.
To every one who knows the history of
billiards iluringthc last half of the nineteenth
century the name and per.sonality of William
Mitchell, of Shellield, are familiar, and there-
fore his little volume. The licminisccnccs of
a Billiard I'laijer, edited by F. M. Hotino
(Treherne & Co.), will, by
that somewhat
limited public, be favourably received. The
editor says, correctly, that " the genial
Sheffieldcr is without an enemy, unless, in-
deed, he be truthfully accused of being a
bitter foe to his own good-natured, thoughtless
self." Mitchell's play was from the first
eminently trustworthy; he could disguise it
so that even an expert might be deceived,
yet at the critical moment his command of
the game rarely failed, ^^'ith this power, and
under the not infrequent |)ressure of want of
cash, stimulated also by backers who desired
to profit from his skill and pluck, he was
led to make the best of his opportunities.
He tells several stories which explain his
procedure and throw a curious light on the
code of morality observed and as a result of
;
extensive experience he says, " It is tolerably
let in at ' '
billiards he generally has himself to blame,
whether the letter in be amateur or pro-
'
'
fessional." This we endorse, merely remark-
ing that the operation is generally more
scientifically performed, and perhaps with less
painful results, by the professional than by
the amateur. It ought, however, to be added
that the supply of victims has diminished
in proportion to the extended knowledge of
the game, and that professional players, at
any rate, have now so many legitimate ways
of making a living, such as teaching and
playing exhibition games, that they arc less
likely to yield to the temptation of plundering
the unwary.
WRITINGS ON THE WAK
THE TRENCH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT.
Messrs. Horace Marsh.vll & Son publish
IVWi the Guards' Ilrigade from Bloemfontein, by
the Rev. E. P. Lowry, a Wesleyan chaplain,
who has already been quoted by us in our notice
of previous works, portions of which were from
his pen. He deals now with the later period of
the campaign. We hardly agree with him in
his military views. It cannot be said to be the
case that our volunteering for military service
frees us from what he calls "the curse of con-
scription." What frees us from conscription is
its total inapplicability to our .^peciHl needs.
Mr. Lowry revives, unfortunately, in liis volume
the stories of " white llg treacliery." Ho lias
headings or side-notes such as " More treacliery
and still more"; "Boer treacliery and the
wliite flag." Under the heading "More Boer
slimness " lie relates at length, as a violation of
all the recognized usages of war and an "out-
rage," a case of carrying off an amijulancc, of
which he saya that it was asserted that "some
of our men had dcjiio them recent vvfiii; which
they [tlie Boors] wislicd to avenge." Now it is
the fact that in the second volume of \.\\o Tima
liistory of the war, as wo pointed out in our
review, Mr. .\niery has come to the conclusion
tliat the one really serious incident of tlic kind
 60
was our own carrying off of the Boer ambulance
at Belmont. Such things are inevitable in war
from time to time, and it is an injury to the
country to press them against our fellow-sub-
jects after the conclusion of the war. So, too,
with the "treachery" here recorded at Bel-
mont, when the arm of the correspondent of
the Morning Post was shattered. The incident,
though most regrettable, was on a far smaller
scale than the similar incident on our own side
at Spion Kop and in the case of Spion
;
Kop, as we have repeatedly pointed out,
and as is now admitted by all military authori-
ties, we were perfectly within our right in firing
on the white flag. There is in Mr. Lowry's
book a most amazing story told by him of
the whole brigade of Guards having been held
back for four-and-twenty hours by a solitary
invisible sniper, against whom the naval guns
and field guns and the Pom-Poms were each in
turn called to the rescue, and rained shot and
shell for hours upon the one man, against whom
afterwards a whole battalion of Scots Guards
fired volley after volley, the single Boer finally
retiring unhurt !
A more important contribution to the history
of the waris the anonymous article which forms
the leader in the Revue des Deux Mondes of
June 15th. It is no secret in the military world
of Paris that the author is no less a personage
than General de N^grier, assisted by the French
officers who were attached to the British and to
the Boer forces in the field. One of the French
attaches on the Boer side has published a book
of his own ; but the most important contri-
butions of the principal French attache, who was
Col. d'Amade, the present military attach^
at "Albert Gate," and who was with the
staff of Lord Roberts, are quoted by General de
Negrier at great length. Nothing that has been
written on the war is, on the whole, of equal
merit. The article is on the lessons of the war.
It praises the superb courage of the officers of
the British regular army. It praises also the
courage of the men, but points out that in the
earlier engagements the battalions that fought
best and the individual men who fought best
suffered so heavily that during the remainder
of the war they could not be brought to
fight in the same way again ; and it instances
specifically the case of one battalion of the
King's Royal Rifles at Talana, who, having
behaved as well as possible, behaved as ill as
possible in the following week at the battle of
Ladysmith. General de Ne'grier states that
the Boers throughout the war had what he
calls "moral superiority," but he does not use
the word " moral " in the English sense. What
he means is that in the use of ground, the con-
struction of earthworks, rifle fire, and the use
of the horse, the Boers were so extraordinarily
superior to our men that they established a
respect for them on our side which exceeded
any corresponding respect that they had for us ;
as, for instance, in the matter of the courage of
our officers. It is clear that the French attache'
was of opinion that we ought to have practised
guerilla or partisan war at an earlier period and
more extensively than we did, though he admits
that in the last stages of the campaign there
was great improvement on this score. The
French writers all have a high opinion of Lord
Roberts, which, indeed, is universal in con-
tinental military circles. General French is
not praised further, he is especially blamed
;
for hia inaction at Poplar Grove, although
the personal blame is attenuated by an explana-
tion that our cavalry were completely spoilt by
their experience of their inability to face Boer
tactics on equal terms. The Imperial Yeomanry
suffer heavily at the hands of tkeir French
critics. The numbers of the Boers are explained
to have been in the earlier period of the cam-
paign far smaller than we thought them.
Buller at Colenso had in front of him " not
18,000 men, as he supposed," but " from 2,500
to 3,000." The moral drawn by General de
THE ATHEN^UM
Negrier for the use of all European armies is
that what will count in future war is energy
and moral force in the men.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Bond of Empire belongs to a class
which includes several volumes we have
lately noticed. Written by Mr. Montague
Jessett, and published by Messrs. Sampson
Low & Co., it deals with what are com-
monly called Imperial Federation and
Imperial trade and defence. AVe regret to
be forced to add that it deals with the sub-
jects with the same disregard of dominant
Australian opinion, and the same neglect of
the interests of the Indian Empire, which have
been exhibited in almost all the books to
which we refer. Mr. Jessett has made up
his volume by quotations from high authori-
ties mixed with a few from persons who
have no title to be heard; and he seldom
writes in his own words. But we believe
that he is stating his own opinion where he
says that the direct representation of the
colonies in an Imperial Parliament, although
it bristles with diflicixlties, is subject only
to objections which, while grave, are not
insuperable. It certainly appears to us that
as long as Australia thinks as it does and
we see no probability of change the objec-
tions are as a fact insuperable. Another pas-
sage informs us that
" when we do compulsorily tax our colonies we
must perforce allow them to be adequately repre-
sented in the Imperial Parliament. The right
to be represented must, in truth, form a condi-
tion precedent to any suggestion of compulsory
taxation."
This still more strongly brings out the
fact that Mr. Jessett, like nearly all the
writers who are discussing such subjects in
this country, is unacquainted with the real
trend of colonial opinion. Our author thinks
that as regards an Imperial Council there can
be no doubt that the colonies are anxious to
be represented in such a Council. He tells
us that although they " have hardly yet
arrived at the stage when they are fitted and
competent to join in and control the destinies
of the whole Empire," nevertheless,
"an Advisory Council would be the stepping
stone to an Imperial Parliament in which represen-
tatives from all our colonies and possessions would
find a place Our colonies liave helped us For
this reason alone they should be permitted to
advance their own particular interests tlirough the
medium of an Advisory Council."
If India is to be proportionately represented
as one of our "possessions" in an elective
Council, an enormous weight in that body is
given to the Government of the day. Any
other scheme is out of the question so far as we
can see, and it is inconceivable that Australia
would consent to elect representatives to such
a Council. So, too, with thelmiierial Defence
portion of Mr. Jessett's book. He tells us
that the colonies are morally bound to appro-
priate a certain percentage of their rcA'euues
towards the cost of the navy. Supposing that
we grant this principle, it does not advance
matters much when the colonies either refuse
or accompany their acceptance of the principle
by conditions which render the assistance of
little naval value. But Mr. Jessett goes on
to make suggestions with regard to land
defence which are far more crude ; as, for
example, when he tells us that " Australia will
be expected to provide two militia army
corps. New Zealand one." We have no
doubt that Mr. Seddon would undertake to
provide a militia ar-my corps in New Zealand
if the financial assistance were provided for
which he has asked, but it is inconceivable
in the present state of Australian opinion that
any such proposal would be entertained by either
Sir E. Barton or Mr. Reid. Then, again, Mr.
Jessett has equally crude suggestions with
N-'SSQS, July 12,1902
regard to State-assisted em igration He does not
.
seem to have read of the great agitation on this,
subject in 1870, and of its complete failure.
It is possible that the overwhelming objection
of the working classes to being taxed in the
smallest degree for the emigration of the most
adventurous among them from this country
has diminished in the last thirty years, but
Australian opinion against assisted immigra-
tion has enormously strengthened in that
time, and we are convinced that there would
be as little prospect of the adoption of such
measures now as there was in the days when they
were recommended to great meetings through-
out the country by Lord George Hamilton, Sir
George Grey, Mr. Edward Jenkins, and Mr.
Torrens. Mr. Jessett would create, we note,
a new Cabinet Minister of Emigration. This
makes the seventh or eighth new Cabinet
Minister who has been proposed in the last
six or eight weeks by different writers upon
such subjects. A
Cabinet of twenty or thirty
members does not appear to us calculated
to advance the prosperity of the Empire.
Mr. Jessett thinks that the British Govern-
ment has triumphed over "the demand made
by the labour party for A White Australia.' "
'
As a fact it has surrendered in practice to that
agitation, being, indeed, totally unable to do
He thinks also that coloured
otherwise.
labour is essential to the defvelopment of halS
Australia. This may be so, but in that case we
imagine that half Australia is likely to remain
undeveloped. On Protection he takes the view
at the moment popular with the unthink-
ing, and, declaring "To change the country's
fiscal system would have been looked upon some
few years ago as hare-brained," proceeds to
quote Dr. Rutherfoord Harris as an authority on
the subject. In fact, he begs all the questions
which are connected with it. He thinks us
" infatuated," and gaily asks, " What could be
more inimical to our commerce than our
policy of permitting everything, including
those articles which we are well aware ai*e
destroying our home trade, to come in duty
free ? " His conclusion is, " The advantage of
a Customs L^nion is obvious. It is of equal
importance to Great Britain and Greater
Britain." He does not deign to exiilain how
our manufactures are to prosper if we hamper
by duties that foreign trade which is over-
whelmingly our greatest trade, and thus handi-
cap ourselves in our production. We fear that
we shall incur Mr. Jessett's displeasure, possi-
bly with ill results, for he tells his readers
that, although it is the invariable birthright of
an Englishman to assert his opinions without
restraint, "it would be the merest travesty
of Government that those opinions, if ex-
pressed, should be to the serious detriment of
the nation." The raising of difficulties in his
way will probably be regarded by him as
detrimental to the national interest. The
book is illustrated by photographs which
represent mostof the statesmen figured as being
Mr. Chamberlain
in the full bloom of youth.
is an extraordinary man in all respects for
his age, but his photograph here is more
like his son, and a happier result would have
been attained by a little more of the intel-
lectuality of hard work and thought, and a
little less freshness, in this as in other cases.
One may say at once, and with gratitude,
that A Book of Essmjs, by G. S. Street (Con-
stable), is a very pleasant volume, written in
an agreeable vein of light irony and suave
good manners. But its contents are somewhat
too ephemeral for publication in their i^resent
form. We have a right to look for something
of permanent worth in a book bearing the title
that this does ; and it is at least an open
question whether these essays, suggesting as
they do the occasional scribblings of an
accomplished man of literary habit, can be
For-
said to possess that sort of value.
tunately, the tastes of cultivated readers are
various, and, whilst some may say that these
 ' '
N-SSOS, July 12, 1902
studies should never liavo lieen carried beyond
the magazine stage of their existence, others
again may find them deserving of a permanent
niche upon their shelves. Thej' appeared
originally in the pages of the Fortniiihllij,
CoynhiU the y'dt ional and the Mouthhj Revicwx,
,
and the Londoner, which last publication Mr.
Street hopes he did uot "help to kill." The
author's assumption of humility, by the way,
is here tolerably humoroiis, and therefore
agreeable. Elsewhere in the book, however,
its prominence is less than pleasing :
"The little differences in modes of addres?, the
existing point of view intellectually and morally,
the social values and distances of this or that dis-
tinction in class all this I love to ponder and
carefully to compare with my memory of such com-
monplace conversations conducted by the jiresent
representatives of the people in the book But the
broader and more bravely soaring minds of other
people, impatient of trivialities, would not neces-
sarily waste their time in the same relaxation."'
This surely to thrust forward one's modesty
is
upon a suggestion implying the loutishness of
"other people." But one hastens to add that
impoliteness is not at all characteristic of Mr.
Street's work in this or any other of his books.
On the contrary, the Essays,' and their pre-
'
decessor, A Book of Stories,' are both dis-
'
tinguished by an almost irritating degree of
suavity. And suavity is not a feature of the age
we live in, though the conceit of modesty is
perhaps. In its first sixty pages the present
volume is concerned with various aspects of Lon-
don and London life, from London in General
'
to Cockney Humour
*
and The Suburbs,'
' '
which latter districts the author mildly ridicules
in a sort of ironic defence, a satirical eulogy.
They are the merest casual impressions, these
nine sketches, with hardly a single suggestive
idea, and no serious thoughts in them. Yet
are they humoursome and agreeably discursive,
as such things should be. One comes with
something of a shock, then, upon p. C7, to
'Byron
to 1816.' This, and its pendant,
'Byron 1810-1824,' are not so much essays,
though the author calls them that, as ably
written reviews of Byron's 'Letters and
Journals.' They also form something of a
eulogy of Lord Byron, and a defence, rather
in the vein of special pleading, of his private
reputation by which we mean his reputa-
;
tion as a man, not as a poet. This defence
seems somewhat unnecessary and not very
judiciously managed. It contains several
sweeping statements regarding Byron's cha-
racter, and but little evidence or reasoning
in support of them. "How could a man who
died at thirty-six and left behind him such a
mass of written work be a libertine steeped
in vice and the rest of it? " The question is
put forward as an argument, and, as such, a
moment's consideration of our records of great
artists of all sorts proves it worthless. Byron's
reputation will probably endure without white-
washing, and in any case cannot be benefited
by this sort of sophistry. Mr. Street calls
Anthony Trollope " by far our greatest realist
since Fielding," and, considered as criticism,
the comment is daring and emphatic, if nothing
else. But is the author justified by fact in
accounting for a present-day lack of interest
in Trollope by saying that "few people care
about accurate pictures of their fathers' sur-
roundings " ? This same note upon Trollope
is one of the most sincere of the sketches
in the volume, and good reading. 'The
Paradox of the Jew,' too, is both sound and
readable. The author takes leave of his
readers in A Conversation between himself
' '
of to-day and himself of ten years ago, as
dreamt, after luncheon, in a hotel smoking-
room. This is Bishop Blougram and (iigadibs
upon a very small scale. It is superficial and
colloquial, but none the less amusing, and
informed by the wisdom of the literary clubs.
The whole is a book much better worth read-
ing than the average novel, but it will not, we
THE ATHEN^UM
think, materially advance tlio reputation of
author.
Wk have received two little volumes
scries called " The Fascination of London,"
devised by the late Sir Walter Besant and
edited by Mr. G. E. Mitton. The volumes
which wo have are H'csf iii ji.sfcr and Clielsca, of
which the former appears to be chiefly written by
Sir Walter Besant and the latter by Mr. Mitton.
The publishers are Messrs. Adam & Charles
Black. There is, perhaps, always room for
histories of Westminster in any shape, and
we welcome that which we receive, but it is
marred by an astounding blunder in the print-
ing, both in the text and in tlie index, of
the name of Mr. Thoms as Thome.
Chelsea has a large literature of so excellent
a nature that there is hardly room for anything
new. We were forced to make the same state-
ment when we reviewed the larger book of Mr.
E. Blunt. Faulkner is excellent for the older
part, and L'Estrange's Village of Palaces
' of the sister service; and if his history were
is a most entertaining book. Tlio debt of Mr.
Mitton to Faulkner and to L'Estrange is duly
acknowledged but L'Estrange is not indexed
;
by Mr. Mitton, and the index is, indeed, in-
complete. The map, too, is not a good one.
We have no serious fault to find with the little
Chelsea volume. It is not very clear or
accurate to say that the West Bourne "empties
itself into the Thames about 300 yards above
the bridge," without telling us what bridge is
meant. The word "borough" is used for
Chelsea in a slightly confusing fashion. For
instance, we are told that "an outlying piece
of land at Kensal Town belonged to Chelsea
parish, but is not included in the borough.' It'
would hardly be gathered from this statement
that the whole of Kensal Town and Queen's
Park, with their large population, which had
been part of Chelsea from Saxon times, and
which are still part of the Parliamentary
borough of Chelsea, are cut off only from the
Metropolitan borough of Chelsea and the
word "borough" is again used ambiguously
;
in a passage as to Chelsea barracks and
elsewhere.
j^The Guide to the Best Historical Novels and
Tales, by Jonathan Nield (Elkin Mathews),
shows a wide range of knowledge and is likely
to be a very useful list. We admire rather
than envy the compiler if he has read all his
exemplars, some of which are only on the
skirts of history. An introduction deals sen-
sibly with the question what an historical
novel is, though the correlation of master-
pieces on which the author ventures rather
surprises us by some of its inclusions.
Prof. Blry's admirable Histortj of (treecc
(Macmillan & Co.) reappears in two volumes,
an excellently printed "Library Edition,"
which all classical students will desire to
possess. The text, though carefully revised,
is not materially altered. Attention has
been paid to the Cnossian discoveries of Mr.
Evans, and the notes have been considerably
expanded. The references to literature, as a
testimony to the liberalism of Athens, for
instance, in her flowering time, are so able
that one wishes Mr. Bury would enlarge them,
or consider this side of the subject in another
book.
Two well-known historical novels. The Last
Daijs of Pompeii and Tlic Cloister and the
Ilr'arlh, appear in a compact and decorative
form in the " Turner House Classics " (Virtne
& Co.). The first has Lytton's own introduc-
tion, the other Bosant's generous appreciation
of Keadc's masterpiece, which assuredly will
stand all that pedantry or petulance can urge
against it. It is odd that Germany should not
appreciate it, while it puts too high a price on
Lytton.
Jim Twelves, by W. F. Sliannon (Mcthncn),
should prove a good deal more poimlar among
unprofessional readers than among professed
61
its readers or reviewers and that is the more
;
profitable sort of popularity from a busines*
of a point of view, no doubt. It is not a novel, and
it is not a book of short stories. It consists
of 197 pages of matter which roads like the
libretto of a comic opera, and some ninety odd
pages of short sketches dealingwith the life of
the principal character in tlie comic opera,
Jim Twelves, to wit, and brought so thoroughly
up to date as to include reference to the last
tournament at the Agricultural Hall. The
comic opera, or long-short story one really
is puzzled to find a fitting name for the narra-
tive which forms the bulk of the book deals
in a Gilbortian sj)irit with a campaign in East
Africa, conducted by some fifty man-o'-war's
men under a siib-licutcnant. It is genuinely
amusing, though it lacks form and is sin-
gularly inchoate. Jim Twelves, " A.B. and
trained man," will stand a very fair chance
of being compared by readers with Mulvanoy
rewritten and severely trimmed and shapen,
the comparison would not necessarily be very
unfavourable to the sailor.
Books for children are certainly made
attractive nowadays. Little French Folk, by
C. T. Onions (Speight, the Norland Press,
Shaldon, South Devon), is capitally illustratccl
and will form a good book for beginners. Tlie
First Book: Sony and Storu, by E. E. Speight
and Clara L. Thomson (same firm), is equally
good, and seeks to introduce folk-lore and folk-
music English as well as American boys
and girls ought to like Tlic lloHon I'rivicr^
by M. Adelaide Holton, of Minneapolis (Chi-
cago and New York, Kand,McNally &Co.). The
tj'pe is comfortably large, the lessons are care-
fully graduated, and the suggestions to teachers
at the end are sensible, though not always
couched in pleasing English.
We have on our table Tlie Sliadoio of the
Cross, by R. Cromie (Ward & Lock), Siv
Theodore's Gncst, and other Stories, by Grant
Allen (Simpkin), nie Marcjate JSlurder Mtjs-
terij, by B. Delannoy (Ward & Lock),-T/i*^
Mcin in the Check Suit, by T. W. H. Delf
(Jarrold), Tlie Four Winds oj Firinn, Poems
by Anna MacManus (Dublin, Gill), lieveries,
by Archibald Campbell (C. J. Clark), Tt7/fff/.'
Sketches, and other Verses, by E. L. H.
(Masters), Moods and Onldoor Verses, by P.
Askham (Brimley Johnson), Principal James
Morison, by O. Sracaton (Edinburgh, Oliver &
Boyd), Aids to Pniclical PeVKjion from the
Writinqs of IF. Boijd Carpenter, D.D., edited
by the" Rev. J. H. Burn (Cassell), and Tlie
Reliqiovs Life and InfUtence of Queen Victoria,
by W. Walsh (Sonnenschein). Among New-
Editions we have An Old Maid's Love, by
Maarten Maartens(:\lacmillan), I'/ic Econonuj
Human Life, translated from an Indian
of
Manuscript, written by an ancient Braniin,
edited by D. M. Gano (Luzac), A'o. 5, John
Street, by R. Whitoing (Grnnt Richards),
The Game and the Candle, by lilioda
Broughton (Macmillan),
Onhj a Drummer
Boil, by Major Arthur Haggard (Treherno),
AVii' China and Old, by Archdeacon Moulo
(Scelev), C'/no-c/i Folk-lore, by the Rev. J. E.
Vaux '(Skeflington), and Seaside Watering-
Places (Upcott Gill).
LIST OF NBW BOOKS.
ENQLISH.
neology.
Brierlcv (J.), Ourselves nnrt flic Universe, cr. 8vo, 6/
Snell (U. J.), Words to CliiMren. cr. 8vo, 2/
Fine Art and Arehaology,
Ancestor (The\ No. :', Imp. fvo. .'./ net. ^
Kouae (W. H. O.), Greek Votive OfTerlnKS, 8vo, i:>, net.
Paelry and Drama.
Dyce (A.1. A Glossary to the Works of WIlllBm
Shukeapenre,
revlseil by H. Mitleilnle. cr. Hvo. 7,0
Pritcbard (C. H.). Poems, cr. 8vo, a'fl
BilAiographi/.
Annual American Catalogue. Ciimulallve. 1900-19fil,
roy. Bvo, 1.'' net.
 ; ';

C2 THE ATHEN.EUM N 3898, July 12, 1902

Hist'jry and Biography. ceased to hold it, and that four years ago the The ninety- four stanzas that remain to be
Boxan(G.B.)i Tbe Story of the Australian Bushrangers, existence of the two long interpolations discussed present a difticult problem. They
cr. bvo, 3/6
Fersen (Count Axel), Grand-Marshal of Sweden, Diary and (11. 205-228 and 717-12G8) was pointed out to include many passages which it is difficult to
Correspondence relating to the Court of France, trans- him by Prof. York Powell. believe to have been written later than the
lated by K. P. Wormeley, 8%'o, 21/ net.
Liit/.ow (Count), Tlie Story of Prague, 12mo, 3/6 net; With regard to these two interpolations, fourteenth century, such, for example, as the
leather, 4/6 net. which form more than two-fifths of the whole first four lines :

lleid(S. J.), Memoirs of Sir Kdward Blount, K.C.B., 8vo,

10/6 net.
St. Miuir (H.), Annals of the Seymours, roy. 8vo, .50/ net.
Wilkins (W. H.), Our King and Queen, the Story of their
Life, Vol. 1, -Ito, 7/6 net.
Willson (B.), Lord Strathcona, the Story of his Life, 8vo, 7/6
Geography and Travel.
Koyal National Directory of Scotland, imp.
Vignaud (H.), Toscanelli and Columbus, 8vo, 10/6 net.
Science.
Gradle (H.), Diseases of the Nose, Pharynx, and Bar, illus-
trated, 8vo, l.")/ net.
Grant (F. L.) and Hill (M.), Commercial Arithmetic, S*
Hausner (A), The Manufacture of Preserved Foods and
Sweetmeats, translated by A. Morris and H. Eobson,
cr. 8vo, 7/6 net.
JUptner (H. P. v. ), Siderology, the Science of Iron, trans-
lated by C. Salter, 8vo, 10/6 n^t.
McGibbon (VV. C), Marine Engineers' Drawing Book for
Board of Trade Examinations, oblong folio, 2/6 net.
Mellor (J. W.). Higher Mathematics, 8vo, 12/6 net.
Neilson (R. M.), The Steam Turbine, 8vo, 7/6 net.
Northrup (W. P.) and Jurgensen (T. von), Diphtheria,
Measles, Scarlatina, German Measles, edited by W. P.
Northrup, roy. 8vo, 21/ net.
General Literature.
Baxendale (A. S.), The Ball, cr. Svo, 2/6 net.
Boothby (G.), Uncle Joe's Legacy, and other Stories,
text, there will probably be no dispute. They A Sterne stryfe is stered newe
In many stedes in a stounde,
betray themselves by the absence of the re- Of sondry sedes that bene sewe
frains characteristic of the sections in which It semeth that some bene unsounde.
they have been inserted. Their removal leaves (The singular form sewe has perhaps been
no apparent gap indeed, the shorter of them
; altered from so^-e ; the rhyme may not have
8\ro, 50/
is an obvious digression, the spuriousness of been exact.) There are also many other passages
which an acute critic might possibly have which, allowing for inaccurate transcription,
.suspected on the ground of the close connexion may quite possibly be of the same early date.
between the two stanzas which it disjoins. It On the other hand, there are many stanzas
may further be noted that in the longer inter-
which, in everything but the absence of refrains,
polation there are forty-seven stanzas in which are extraordinarily similar to those of the two
the arrangement of rhymes differs from that obvious interpolations. The explanation which
which is consistently followed in the older part at present seems to me most probable is that
of the poem. a Lollard piece of the fourteenth century
Now the lines (1065-6) in which the writer has undergone two successive expansions
seems to claim the authorship of Piers the
'
in the sixteenth century, both with the
Plowman's Creed occur in the interpolated
' object of adapting it to the needs of contem-
part, and so do nearly all those similarities in porary controversy. The two expansions
diction to the older poem which have been may possibly be due to the same person, for it
regarded as corroborating the claim. The is conceivable that when producing a second
.5/

Butler-Johnstone (H. M.), Imperialism, Federation, and few that are found in the possibly edition the redactor may have ceased to be
Policy, cr. Svo, sewed, 2/6 genuine stanzas are quite unimportant, solicitous about the exact conformity of his
Gerard (D.), Holy Matrimony, cr. Svo, 6/ with one exception (1. 135), and in that instance
Gladden (W.), Social Salvation, cr. Svo, 4/ additions to the original pattern.
Shannon (W. F.), Jim Twelves, A.B. and Trained Man, 3/6 the style suggests that the resemblance is due As the late redaction may have included
Sladen's (D.) London and its Leaders, oblong Svo, 2/6 net to imitation. The conclusion that the '
Tale omissions and rewritings as well as additions,
boards, 1/ net.
Through Storm and Stress, by Mardale, cr. Svo, 3/6 was written by the author of the Creed there-
' '
the results of any attempt at critical analysis of
White (P.), The New Christians, cr. Svo, 6/ fore falls to the ground for lack of evidence. It the existing text must be very uncertain. The
FOREIGN. may be objected that perhaps the interpolated portions that seem to me to contain matter
Theology,
stanzas were inserted by the original author derived from the original poem are lines 53-60,
Gelzer (H.), Der Patriarchat v. Achrida, 7m. 20. himself at a later time, when he no longer cared 69-132, 181-204, 229-236, 1 301-308. These
Guttmann (J.), Die Scholastik des 13 Jahrh. in ihren to adhere to the form adopted in his earlier amount toabout fourteen stanzas of part i. in ;

Beziehungen zum Judenthum, 5m. work. But I think no competent scholar who parts ii. and iii. there is nothing that strongly
Lemoine (J.), Memoires des Eveques de France, 1698, lOfr.
Tilemann (H.), Speculum Perfectionis, 3m. will carefully read these stanzas apart from the suggests an early origin unless it be the author's
Law. rest will think it possible that they were written apology in the last stanza but one. I think it
Cuq (fi.), Les Institutions Juridiques des Romains, Vol. 2, in the fourteenth century. Although the inter- not unlikely that the fourteenth-century piece
lOfr.
Fine Art and Archaology.
polator borrows the phrases of the author of the was an attack on the friars only, not on the
Beylie (General L. de), L'Habitation Byzantine, 40fr.
'
Creed,' and expresses sentiments very similar Pope and Church dignitaries in general, and that
Juglar (L), Le Style dans les Arts, 3fr. 50. to his, the manner of the two writers is the appearance of the Griffon as an adversary
Omont (H.), Facsimiles des Miniatures des plus Anciens extremely different.
Manuscrits Grecs de la Bibliothfique Nationale, 60fr. of the Lollard Pelican is an addition to the
Schlumberger (G.), Le Tombeau d'une Imperatrice Assuming as proved that the seventy-two original scheme.
Byzantine, 2fr. 50.
stanzas without refrain did not form part of the One or two points of detail may be worth
History and Biography.
original poem, and that they belong to a period mentioning. Prof. Skeat may perhaps be right
Bire (E.), Les Dernieres Annees de Chateaubriand, 6fr.
Chuquet (A.), Etudes de Litterature AUemande, Series 2, much later than that of the author of the in thinking that 1. 434, "As lusty liveth as
3fr. 50. '
Creed,' we have to inquire whether the remain- Lamwall," refers to the King Lemuel {Lamuel,
Combes (L de). La Vraie Croix Perdue et Retrouvee, 6fr.
Lapauze (H.), Lettres Inedites de Mrae. de Genlis, 7fr. 50. ing stanzas are all by one writer, and what are Vulgate) of Prov. xxxi. Possibly, however, the
Laurie (A.), La Vie de College L'Oncle de Chicago, 3fr.
:
the dates of composition of the two or more allusion may be to the lavish use which Launfal
Molinier (A.), Les Sources de I'Histoire de France Part 1,
Section 2, Les Capetiens jusqu'en 1180, 5fr.
:

portions of which the piece as we have it (Lam well) made of the gold given him by his
Pougin (A.), La Comfidie Fran^aise et la Revolution, 4fr. consists. fairy bride. In 1. 1270, " And loked lovely as
Reynier (G.), La Vie Universitaire dans I'Ancienne Espagne,
f & an owle," perhaps "lovely" is altered from
3fr. 50. ,
It is, in the first place, clear (as Prof. Brandl
Schafer (B.), Beitrage zur Geschichte des spanischen Pro- lothdy. In 1. 1367 "wryteth" should surely
has already pointed out) that the prologue
testantismus, 3 vols. 30m. be uniteth; and the two preceding lines can
Tavernier (B.), Du Journalisme, 3fr. 50.
is a rather clumsy attempt to provide a quasi-
hardly have been intended to be part of the
Philology. Chaucerian framework for a piece that was cer-
Ludwich Pelican's speech in the preceding stanza.
(A.), Homeri Carmina, Part 1, Ilias, Vol. 1, 16m. tainly not originally written as a Canterbury
Weil (H.), Etudes de Litterature et de RythmiqueGrecques, He.vky Bradley.
6fr.
tale. The author, doubtless, did not intend it
Wessner (P.), Donati quod fertur Commentum Terenti, to be regarded as a portion of Chaucer's poem ;

Vol. 1, 10m. but he knew that Chaucer's band of pilgrims

Science.
THE LONDON LIBRARY CATALOGUE.
Geissler(K.), Die Grundsiitze u. das Wesen des Unendlichen included a ploughman, and this suggested the London Library, St. James's Square, S.W., July 7th, 1902.
in der Mathematik u. Philosophie, 14m. idea of presenting the Lollard sermon as a "tale"
Krisch (A.), Astronomieches
With reference to the paragraph which ap-
Lexikon, 12m. 50. told by the ploughman of the Creed '
to his
'

Robin (A.), La Terre, 15fr. peared in your issue of last week, your readers
companions on a Canterbury pilgrimage. I
General Literature. may care to know the following facts. In
Hesitation Sentimentale, 3fr. 50. think there can be no doubt that the prologue
March, 1901, the committee issued a circular
Lavisse (Commandant), Sac au Dos, 12fr. belongs to the sixteenth century. It must, of
Poizat (A.), Le Pervers Sentimental, 3fr. 50. to the members of the library, stating that
course, be earlier than 1535, if the uncollated
Villeurs (J. de), Careme d'Amour, 3fr. 50. the catalogue was now "nearly ready," and
edition, of which a copy is said to be preserved
would be sent to press "before the summer
at Brit well, is correctly assigned to that year
'THE PLOWMAN'S TALK.' ;
vacation." In August, 1901, my cataloguer died,
in any case, it is not later than 1542, the date of
Oxford, Clarendon Press. leaving the catalogue unfinished. In spite of
the second edition of Thynne's Chaucer. Quite
In his edition of The Plowman's Tale (in
' this, the first pages of MS. were sent to the
possibly it may have been written by the person
'

'Chaucerian and other Pieces," 1897) Prof. printer in December, 1901. On February 1st,
who prepared the first edition for the press. have nowWe
Skeat maintained the view, already generally 1902, we were in working order.
Whether the interpolations above referred to press 560 pages (a large
accepted, that this piece was written by the printed and signed for
are by the author of the prologue is doubtful
same author as the alliterative Piers the ' octavo page in double columns). The catalogue
but, notwithstanding the writer's fairly suc-
Plowman's Creed,' which undoubtedly belongs will run to about 2,000 pages, and we are now
cessful endeavour after archaism, I do not see
to the last years of the fourteenth century. printing at the rate of eight pages per day,
I any difliculty in assigning them to the sixteenth
have recently become
convinced that the which we hope very shortly to increase to
century. Their tone is that of the beginnings
greater part of the poem should be assigned to twelve. C. Hagberg Wright,
of the Reformation movement it is not far
a much later date. I am not aware that the
;
Secretary and Librarian.
from the tone of the Lollard writings of the
correctness of the current hypothesis has fourteenth and the early fifteenth century, but
hitherto been publicly questioned. Prof, the evidence of language will not allow us to
Skeat, however, informs me that he has lonw date these stanzas so far back.

1

N 3898, July 12,
THE FIKBFLY
Many readers of the Athena know their
Italy well, and are familiar with one of the most
charming and characteristic features of Southern
summer nights I mean the hicciole, or, as they
are fancifully called in Genoa, the chiare-belle
the myriads of fireflies whose pretty evolutions
one never tires ofwould be
watching.
interesting to have from one of your scholarly
contributors a confirmation, and if possible an
explanation, of the curious fact that there is
absolutely no mention of these fascinating little
creatures in all the writings of antiquity. No
insect, surely, could be more obvious to poetical
notice so much so that one can hardly con-
ceive any poet omitting to speak of them yet
one searches in vain for any allusion to them in
Theocritus and Anacreon, Ovid and Yirgil, and
(as far as I know) in every poetical writer alike
of Greece and of Rome.
have heard of two conjectures to account
I political machine, "t On the other hand, Sir
for this silence one that the firefly has been
:
evolved from the greater heat of the soil of
modern Italy the other that it was an importa-
; administration that he is to derive any honour
tion into Europe from the New World, But
in view of the well-known passage in the
'
Inferno,' in which Dante makes his strange
comparison of the fire-swathed spirits in the
eighth circle of hell to the Ivcciole, darting
hither and thither in a country valley, the latter
hypothesis seems untenable.
A little more light on the matter would be
appropriate to the subject and acceptable.
David O. Hixter-Blair.
CHATHAM AND THE CAPTURE OF HAVANA
IN 17(52.
AMoyGST the many picturesque political tra-
ditions of the eighteenth century few are more
familiar to us than that which has ascribed the
inception of the successful expeditions against
Havana and Manila in the year 1762 to the
genius of Chatham. This tradition has been
accepted without question by the historians and
biographers of the period, yet, strange to say,
it has never been confirmed by any actual
evidence. It might, perhaps, be alleged that
the fact was notorious at the time, and that, in
any case, it may be reasonably inferred from
the character of Chatham's acknowledged plan of
campaign for the preceding years. But this is
not evidence. The only piece of direct evidence
which appears to be immediately available in
support of this tradition is found in a private
letter from Temple to Chatham,* congratulating
him on the capture of Havana.
Unfortunately, the value of this evidence ia
somewhat impaired by the fact that Temple
also congratulated Egremont on the same happy
event, and that the latter complacently ac-
cepted his full share in the credit of the expe-
dition. +
But there were other claimants for this
honour. The Duke of Cumberland put in his
claim before things began to go badly with the
army of Havana, and allowed it to remain in
abeyance until the news of victory was received.
The Duke of Newcastle, as might have been
expected, awaited this propitious moment to
insinuate that the whole undertaking was due
to his sagacity, The same indirect evidence
-j
is also responsible for a version of the matter
which at least bears an air of probability.
According to this version Admiral Sir Charles
Knowles was the originator of the plan for the
capture of Havana. This plan he communicated
to Chatham, who is believed to have laid it
before the Council in September, 1701. Sub-
sequently Knowles's MS. is .stated to have come
into the possession of the Duke of Cumberland,
who, assisted by Lord Anson and the Earl of
Pringle MSS., No. 61.
t Grenvllle Corr., i. 488.
Kockingham
I C-)rr., i.
i /iirf.i. 123.
J
1902 THE ATHEN^UM r,3
IN ITALY. Egremont, brought it under the favourable relate exclusively to the fiutlior expedition
Oxford, July 1st, 1001'. notice of the Government in January, 1702.* against Martinitjue which had been planned in
nm There are several inconsistencies and inaccu- February, 1761,
racies discernible in this version of the matter, 'a most essential service wliicli if it succeeds it
and no trace of Knowles's correspondence with is not doubted will be followed with tlio immediate
Chatham exists in the official or private collec- reduction of the neutr.vl islands of St. Lucia and
tions in which it should have been noticed. It St. \incent and all the I'rencli islands of those
parts.""*
does not appear, however, that Knowles'.s repre-
It sentations made much impression upon Chatham, But this is not the only evidence which
whose own plan of campaign was probably exists for the solution of this interesting
drawn on a much larger scale. historical problem. The original instructions
Next we have a class of contemporary evidence from Egremont to Amherst for the expedition
consisting of rumours and surmises. The con- to Havana, dated in January, 17<>2, support
gratulations which were justly offered to the conclusion that the plan was conceived
Chatham on the Martinique and fall of its
subsequent to the declaration of war, and
dependencies in the spring of 17G2 included therefore several months after Pitt's resigna-
in
; most cases a reference to further successes in tion. From this document we learn that the
store for the English arms. This was doubtless king,
an expression of the general sentiment as to " having taken into his Koyal consideration the
the effect of an impulse which that "glorious most favourable and advisable schemes for making
an immediate and elfectual impression on the
administration had imparted to the whole
enemy, is of opinion that nothing can more essen-
tially contribute to that purpose than an attempt
Richard Lyttelton observes that "Pitt's friends upon some of the Spanish colonies in the West
declare this [Martinique] is the last act of his Indies, and particularly a successful attack upon
the Havana."!
from."; The same conclu.sion is indicated by an
examination of the naval and military papers
Lord Chesterfield is a more important witness,
of the period. These, during the last months
for, as early as November, 1761, he records his
of Chatham's mini.stry, teem with minute
impression that "this war will be a great
directions respecting the expeditions against
triumph to Mr. Pitt, and fully justify his plan of
Martinique and the Mauritius, without the
beginning with Spain first and having the first
remotest reference to the plan of campaign
blow, which is often half the battle. " But this
is a solution which, though it finds favour with against the Spanish islands in their vicinity
which has been ascribed to the prescience
our authorities to this very day,|] is one that really
Again, the same official
begs the whole question. We know from many of that minister.
independent sources that Chatham and his archives clearly show that if any such
school did not take the Spanish power too seri- plan had been formed before October,
ously, and that England's quarrel was with France 1761, its existence was unknown to Bute's
and not with the Due de Choiseul's puppets. ministry in December following. When
Indeed, speaking in Parliament at the very time war with Spain was at last declared, the
that Chesterfield was writing, defined Chatham Admiralty and War Office were hastily informed
his plan of campaign as pushing France every- that " the shortness of time makes it
where, both in Europe and in the Plantations, impossible to point particularly which is the
and continuing these active operations unde- most effectual manner of annoying and dis-
terred by a war with Spain. [ It ia very evident tressing the enemy."! The Government, in fact,
that none of these gossips knew what Chatham's had got no further than to consider the chances
plan of campaign against Spain really was, in favour of an attack on Cadi/., and the expe-
and in this very fact we have the key to the dition against Havana does not appear to have
remarkable success which had attended the great been discussed before the month of January,
minister's naval and military operations in other 1762.
quarters. It is true that this evidence is chiefly negative,
and not wholly exhaustive, but at least it
It is, indeed, difficult to avoid the conclusion
suffices to support a prima facie case against
that the secret expedition which was prepared
the prevailing historical tradition.
at the close of Chatham's ministry against the
The real importance of the point lies in the
French West India islands was connected in the
departure from Chatham's colonial policy which
public mind with the minister's open denuncia-
the expedition against Havana involved, and
tions of Spain, and that it has also to some
in its unfortunate results upon the already
extent been confused by modern writers with
overtaxed loyalty of the American colonies.
the operations of the following year against the
That Chatham himself had entertained the
Spanish colonies. This, of course, is a complete
idea of an attack upon the western Spanish
misconception of the matter. The official records but there are
colonies we can well belie\ e ;
of the period clearly indicate the further plan of
indications amongst existing sources that his
campaign which was to follow the overthrow of
own scheme would have taken a very different
the French power on the mainlands of America
shape, and that he would have aimed at
and India.** The capture of Martiniquett was nothing less than the confjuest of the Spanish
planned by Pitt as early as October, 1758, but
provinces on the northern continent of America
in the first place the adjacent islands had to
by a plan of campaign in which, whilst Havana
be occupied, both to produce "a beneficial in- might or might not have stood for Louisbourg,
fluence in Europe " and to serve as a base
New Orleans would certainly have shared the
of retreat in case of disaster, for Martinique
fate of Ouebec.
seemed likely to maintain its reputation of The question of Chatham's initiative in
impregnability. From this and other causes
respect of the expedition against Manila is one
:
;:
the final blow was deferred for more than
which must be considered by the light of a
three years, and in the meantime England
wholly distinct series of documentary sources.
found herself on the brink of war with Spain
This is a subject which also presents numerous
and Pitt was driven from power. find, We difficulties, but until some sort of case in
however, that the minister's last instructions
support of the received tradition concerning
to Amherst at the end of September, 1761,
the conquest of Havana has been made out, it
may suffice to question Chatham's real responsi-
M.
bility for either of these ill - advised and
//,id., I. 36, rw, 87,
t Greiiville Corr., I. 487.
I Chatbnm Corr., 11. 17<. unfortunate adventures.
5 Ibid., ii. 1.^7.
Duke . . ^ ..
o( Grafton,
,
I Anson, '
Memoirs of the p. xlv.
rhid.,n.
"
Chatham Corr., 169.il.
Americnn HUtoricnl lievieu; v. 659, .7.
.3 Oct., 1762.
trench Colonial omce. A.W.F.. 77. A<lm. Sec. of SUte. Deom-
It An cxi.fdltion waa aIo planne<l against the I
l)er2flth, 1761.
121. island* of Maurltiui.
S ibid., November
A.W.I. 7t. 20tb, 1761.
]l Colonial OfRce,
 '

64 THE ATHEN^UM N3898, July 12, 1902

made to the bibliography appended to '
Letters, X), Fraser's Magazine, Dec, lUiiO. 'Dante,' verges
JOHN CLABE'S LIBRAHY. beginning
10, Wordsworth Road, Peiiije, July 2ncl, 1002. ttc, ofW. S. Landor,' ed. S. Wheeler, London, :

Ere blasts from Northern lands.

A PABAOKAi'ii in your ' Literary Gossip '
in 1897 :
Reprinted Last Fruit,' 426, and Works,'
your issue of May 31t states :
20. Letters addressed to Lord Liverpool, and the
'

1876, viii. 214.

' '

Parliament, on the Preliminaries of Peace.' By

"After Clare's deatli a subscription was started for Culvus. London Printed for Henry Colburn, : 30. Fraser-'.s Magazine, January, 1851. 'Five
his widow, an(i she, in gratitude, presented these 1811. Scenes, the Cenci.'
boolcs from her liusband's library to a local literary Reprinted 'Last Fruit,' 487, and 'Works,'
institute, by whose instructions they will shortly
Not reprinted. See Athenitum, July 7th and
be olfered for sale." July 21st, 1900. 1876, vii. 342.

This statement is inaccurate as to the books 21. The Courier, January 19th, 1814. A long Scene iv., Beatrice Cenci and Clement VIIL,'
'

letter signed Calvus. was also printed in the Keepmhe for 1851.
having been given by the widow to a local
literary institution. The facts are as follows. Landor here describes Buonaparte as "this 37. Fraser's Magazine, February, 1852. ' Dialogue
vulgar liar and coarse-featured hypocrite, whose between John Dryilen and Henry Purcell in the
On the death of Clare the late Mr. John Taylor, year 1691 on the subject of their forthcoming " Dra-

of Northampton a noted local antiquarian
flippancy of style betrays him, under all the
quotations from the poets and historians, with
,

matick Opera of King Arthur." '

accompanied by the late Mr. G. J. De Wilde, at Not reprinted. I am told that Landor was
that time editor of the Nortliampfon Mercnnj,
which Cambac^res and Le Brun have bolstered
the author of this dialogue by his great-nephew,
and myself, visited Mrs. Clare (the widow), and up his ignorance."
Not reprinted. Mr. Freke Guy Duke.
Mr. Taylor purchased from her all Clare's books, 38.Franer's Magazine, February, 185G. Letter,
bookcase, and other relics of the poet, and 22. The
Courier, April 21st, 1814. A letter signed
'On Orthography. To the Rev. Augustus Jessopp.'
Calvus, on Buonaparte's abdication.
removed them to his own residence at North- Not reprinted.
" The island of Caprea," Calvus writes, " was
ampton, where he had already collected many
.39. The Keepsake for 1853. ' Verses to Mdlle.
souvenirs of the poet. Some time afterwards a paradise of innocence to Tiberius, in com-
Luisina de Sodre (not composed, but imagined in
Mr. Taylor, wishing the books to be secured parison with what the island of Elba will be to
the Bath Rooms),' beginning :

in perpetuity for the town of North- the groveling and tortuous and restless Buona- A generation's faded skirts have swept.
ampton, offered to sell them to the museum parte." This letter is referred to by Southey. Mile, de Sodre was Linthe's granddaughter.
authorities, and a committee was appointed, See ' Selections from the Letters of R. Southey,' Reprinted 'Last Fruit,' 468.
of which I was honorary secretary, and I, ed. Warter, 1856, ii. 350.
40. Tribune (Newcastle, edited by
2'he JVorthern
by circular and personal solicitation, collected Not reprinted. W. Linton), June, 1854, p. 207.' To the Children
J.
a sum of money with which the books, &c., 2.3. Letter from Mr. Landor to Mr. Jervis.'
'
of Garibaldi,' verses beginning :

were purchased, and on behalf of the sub- Dated Bath, May 10th, 1814. Children be not too proud, altho the man.
1

scribers presented to the museum committee Quoted in Forster's * Landor, a Biography, Also printed in the Examiner, 6th, May
in trust to be preserved in the Northampton 1869, i. 401. There is a copy of the letter in the 1854, reprinted 'Dry Sticks,' 37, and
and
Museum for the benefit of the town and county Forster Library, South Kensington. '
Works,' 1876, viii. 297.
for ever. I find that the present library com- 24. ' Sponsalia Polyxenre,' Pistojii, 1819. 41. The English Republic, ed. by W. J. Linton,
mittee have decided to sell some of the most See Forster's '
Biography,' i. 456. Reprinted 1854, p. 380, verses on the capture of Sebastopol
beginning
valuable books and devote the money to pur- Poemata :

in '
et Inscriptiones, novis auxit
Sebastopol is won Deplore all 1

chasing books for the reference library. Savagius Landor,' 1847, p. 11. Inmates of Windsor and Balmoral.
To all bibliophiles it must be clear that the 25. In La Petite Chouannerie, ou Histoire d'un
'
Not reprinted.
most appropriate place for the books to be pre- College Breton sous PEmpire,' par A. P. Eio ;
42. London Review, August
The 11th, I860.
served is the museum in the principal town Londres Moxon, 1842, on p. 294 et se/j., a long poem
:
Letters to Kossuth and Garibaldi.
of the county in which the poet was born, and beginning :
Cities but rarely are the haunts of men. Not reprinted.
I am glad to know that energetic efforts are in
Not reprinted. 43. The London Rt'visw, September 22Qd, 18G0.
progress to prevent such a piece of vandalism Imaginary Conversation, Savonarola and the Prior '

and breach of trust being perpetrated efforts 2G. Hood's Magazine, March, 184.5. Imaginary of San Marco.'
Conversation, 'Dante and Beatrice.'
which, I hope, will be successful. The conversation, as here printed, differs
Wm. Warren. Reprinted' Works,' 1846, ii. 152, and' Works,'
slightly from the version given in ' Letters, &c.,
1876, v. 249.
of W. S. Landor,' 1897.
27. Hood's Magazine, Ai)v\\, 1845. Verses, 'The 44. Savonarola e 11 Priore di San Marco,'
BBLLBNDEN'S SCOTS TRANSLATION OF LIVY. Praj'er of the Bees for Alciphron,' beginning :
'

Firenze, 1860, 8vo.

British Museum, July 8th, 1902. There was a spinner in the days of old.
The Athenceum of July 5th contained a notice Reprinted 'Works,' 1846, ii. 648; 'Works,'
An Italian version of No. 43.

of a new edition by Mr. W. A. Oraigie of John 1876, viii. 82. A of Landor's contributions to
complete list
Bellenden's Scots translation of Livy, made for 28.Hood's Magazine, April, 1845. To Major- '
the Examiner and the Atlas, and of a few stray
James V. in 1533. Mr. Craigie and others may General William Napier,' verses beginning : pieces printed elsewhere, still remains to be
be interested to learn that some fragments of Napier! take up anew tliy pen. given. S. W.
the original MS. have recently been recovered Reprinted 'Works,' 1846, ii. 671; 'Works,'
in a curious way. Three months ago the well- 1876, viii. 148.
known Scots bibliophil Mr. George Reid 29. The People's Journal (ed. John Saunders), Hiterarg ossip.
brought to me some MS. leaves which had been Jan. 16th, 1847. 'The Descent of Orpheus,' verses
taken from the old binding of a book printed beginning :
Messrs. Longhan are publishing a new
at Edinburgh in 1537 and my colleague Mr.
;
The shell assuaged his sorrows thee he sang. ; book by Mr. Andrew Lang, entitled
Gilson, to whom I handed them over for exa- This translation from Virgil, 'Georg.' iv. 464, 'James VI. and the Gowrie Mystery,'
et seq., was written in 1794. Also printed in the
mination, speedily identified their contents as which considers, from contemporary manu-
belonging to Bellenden's work. They comprise Examiner, Oct. 16th, 1841, and reprinted
scripts hitherto unpublished, the unsolved
Book 'Works,' 1876, viii. 290.
i. ch. 5-14, 16-21, and Book iii. problem of the " Gowrie Conspiracy" and its
ch. 1-5, fragments of ch. 9-11 and 30. ? 1849. '
Statement of occurrences at Llanbedr.' Logan of Eestalrig in
By Walter Savage Landor. Printed by Meyler and
sequel in the affair of
ch. 15-18, a portion of ch. 5, 6, of Book i.,
partly filling a lacuna in the Advocates' Son, Herald oflioe, Bath. 1608-9. One factor inproblem is the
Library copy, from which Lord Dundrennan There is a copy in the Forster Library, South definitely settled, and the author trusts that
printed the text in 1822. They are corrected Kensington, he has demonstrated the innocence of the
drafts, and from the nature of the corrections Leigh Hunt's Journal, Feb. 15th, 1851.
31. king. Reproductions of handwriting, por-
and from other indications some portions are 'Poemetti Beginning of the Iliad.' i'our verses: various pictures of notable houses
:
traits, and
Sing thou the anger of Achilles, Muse, &c.
evidently in the translator's autograph, though are included.
we have none of his writing here with which to Not reprinted.
compare them. The discovery is not, perhaps, 32.Leigh Hunt's Journal, March 29th, 1851. They are also publishing The Principles '

of any great importance, but it points a moral',

'To the Conqueror of Scinde [General Sir Charles ' of Land Defence, and their Application to
Napier], verses beginning :
emphasizing the necessity of scrutinizing care- Welcome to England, thou whom Peace.
the Conditions of To-day,' by Capt. H. F.
fully all manuscript and printed matter used for Thuillier Priestly Blemishes being a
'
:
Reprinted 'Last Fruit,' 462. ;

packing the covers of early books. Course of Practical Lectures delivered in

Through the kindness of Mr. Reid the leaves,
33. Frascr's Magazine, July, 1850. '
English St. Paul's in Lent, 1902,' by Canon New-
Hexameters,' beginning :
forty-four in all, remain here, numbered Add Askest thou if in my youth I have mounted as others and a new work by Mr. Eider
bolt;
MS. 36,678. Geo. F. Warner. have mounted.
Haggard, Eural England,' in which (with
'

Reprinted Last Fruit,' 410, and 'Works,'

1876, viii. 200.
1 '
much added matter) he has incorporated
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. the letters contributed by him last year
In the Athemerim of May 31st I was permitted
34. Frascr's
Magazine. Dec, 1850. A letter,
Walter Savage Landor, Esq., to the Rev. C. Cuth- to the Daily Express on the agricultural
to give a list of Landor's contributions to this bert Southey, curate of Plumbland.' and social state of the majority of the
journal. The following additions should also be Reprinted Last Fruit,' 332. '
English counties.
 '

N^SSOS, July 12, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM ().)

Mk. T. has arranged to

FisiiEU Uxwix Papers. Fortunately, however, the original binder on each side of the cover. The sale
publish a new volume
for children from the draft of this letter has lately been found also includes some very interesting first
pen of E. Nesbit, author of The Treasure * in the course of the rearrangement of the editions of Coleridge and Lamb.
Seekers '
and The Would-be-Goods.' The
' Chatham Papers by the authorities of the
CoL. John Davis, A.D.C. to the King,
title is '
Five Children and It,' and the story Historical MSS. Commission. The draft is whose sudden death is regretted by many
relates hosv the childrenfound in a sandpit in Pitt's own hand, and the numerous cor-
friends, was one of tho pioneers of modern
a fairy which had the power of granting rections and interlineations show how difli-
regimental history based on scientific re-
wishes. The children had one wish granted cult the task must have proved to the great
search. In his exhaustive History of the
'

each day, and the fulfilment of their desires minister.

Second (dueen's) Eegiment' (of which the
led to innumerable disasters. Mr. Lawrexce J. Burpee, of Ottawa, has third volume, extending to 1837, was issued
A SERIES of letters written from the East in preparation for the Eoyal Society of a week or two ago) he utilized for the first
by Mr. H. and to his
J. Eoss to his sister Canada a bibliography of Canadian pub- time the departmental records of the War
friend Sir Henry Layard has
recently come lications issued during 1901. He will be Office. Col. Davis was a well - known
to light, and his wife, Mrs. Janet Eoss, has grateful for information as to books, figure in archtoological circles in Surrey.
collected them into a volume which Messrs. pamphlets, articles, or papers in society
Dent & Co. will publish. The letters date transactions published in that year by
A S(UooLOF MoDKRX Laxouages lias been
founded in the University of Birmingham.
from the year 1837. Mr. Boss's life, as Canadians, with place of issue, publisher,
The course of instruction in the school will
outlined in the volume, was an eventful number of pages, and size, and in the case
extend over three years and will be of an
one. In a long letter he gives an account of articles, the month and page where
advanced and comprehensive character, in-
of his visit to the scenes of Bedr Khan Bey's they begin. Mr. Burpee's address is 351,
cluding lectures not only on the philology
exploits against the Nestorian Christians. Stewart Street, Ottawa.
and literature of modern languages, but also
Elsewhere he relates his experiences when The official List of Civil Pensions for the on the history and institutions of foreign
assisting Sir Henry Layard at the excava-
year ended on the 31st of March includes nations and on the methods of modern
tion of Nineveh and there are many other ;
some interesting names. Mrs. Elizabeth language teaching. Only students who
descriptions of life in Asia Minor, Turkish
Cole has 30/. a year in recognition of her have obtained a first class in the inter-
Arabia, Syria, and Egyptian bygone days.
husband's services in the dynamite ex- mediate examination will be allowed to enter
It cannot,we should think, be known plosion at AVestminster in 1885, which the school with a view to graduation in it.
to many
that Bret Harte, during the last Stevenson acknowledged by dedicating The '
This examination may, however, be taken
months of his life, gave much time and care Dynamiter' to him. We expect Mr. Austin at entrance to the University in lieu of the
to the composition of the libretto of an opera. Dobson, now that he has retired from his matriculation examination. The main pur-
The composer was Emanuel Moor, and the work and has a pension of 250/., to give us pose of the school is to train teachers of
subject of the work, which has not yet more frequent and larger works from his modern languages for English secondary
been heard, was taken from the story of graceful pen. Mrs. Elizabeth Eeid has schools. Mr. and Mrs, Charles Harding have
'Alkali Dick.' The scene is laid in secured 50/. a year in memory of Oapt. given a number of valuable scholarships to
France. Mayne Eeid, whose books hold their own further the objects of the school. Two
Lord Actox has arranged to publish well with boys. The pensions of Mr. W. H. scholarships in German of the annual value
with Messrs. Macmillan his father's lectures Hudson and Dr. Jessopp will be heartily of 50/. each, tenable during three years, are
as professor at Cambridge, which were a approved by admirers of their charming offered to students entering the school next
course on The French Eevolution,' and
' writing, while the comparatively new science session. At the close of the third year
another on 'General Modern History.' of anthropology is satisfactorily recognized travelling scholarships of 100/. each, tenable
These lectures will be published in two in Mr. Ling Eoth. at a German university for one year, may be
volumes, together with a reprint of the Ix 1901 the University of Oxford awarded to these scholars, provided that
Inaugural Lecture. It is hoped also, accepted from the trustees of the Glad-
they have taken the B.A. degree in the
later on, to publish one or more volumes
stone Memorial Trust an offer to endow
School of Modern Languages.
of Essays.'
'
Lord Acton has entrusted the an annual essay. The essay was to be Dr. Nasi, the Italian Minister of Educa-
work editing and seeing the lectures
of awarded by the same judges, at the same tion, Prince Colonna, the Mayor of Eome,
through the press to Mr. E. Vere time, and for a paper upon the same sub- and Dr. Gorrini, the Director of the Archives,
Laurence, Fellow of Trinity, Cambridge. ject as the Stanhope historical essay as representatives of the Committee for the
* The Letters or her Mother to Eliza- of the year. The initial decision under International Congress of the Historical
liETH,' Mr. W. E. H. Trow-
of which the trust was made in May last on an Sciences, announce that the Congress will
bridge has now admitted the authorship, essay upon Grattan. The successful com- meet in Eome during the April of I9<)3. A
is appearing as a feuilleton in the Copen- petitor was Mr. P. M. Eoxby, of Christchurch, circular to this effect has been sent to the
hagen paper PoUiihen. Mr. Trowbridge's and his essay, with a preface, list of authori- 300 persons who have already inscribed their
new long novel of the French Eevolution, ties, &c., will shortly be issued by Mr. names as supporters of the Congress. In
entitled A Girl of the Multitude,' is about
'
Fisher Unwin. The book will have a giving the reasons why April in Eome is
to attain the distinction of inclusion in the frontispiece portrait taken from a contem- preferable to October the circular states
Tauchnitz Library. Another book of which porary engraving of the famous Irish that, apart from climatic differences between
a Tauchnitz edition will shortly appear is patriot. the spring and the autumn, the preparatory
Mr. James Milne's 'Epistles of Atkins,' There are a few interesting and rare labours for the Congress will be so long and
which is in its second impression in books in the three days' sale which Messrs. arduous that they would oblige the Com-
England. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge will com- mittee to spend all the hot summer in Eomo
if the Congress were held in iJctober.
Mr. Grant Eichard.s writes : mence on Monday next. There is, for
'* With reference to the doubt expressed in instance, a copy of Voltaire's works in Ox Sunday, June 29th, according to a
your late notice of my edition of the '
Poems '
of thirty-six volumes, presented by David Naples correspondent, tho Leopardi monu-
Herrick and the work of William Hazlitt, I am Garrick to Kitty Clive, with the following ment in the church of Fuorigrotta was
writing to tell you that the scheme of colour autograph inscription unveiled in the presence of a large assembly
:

adopted in the bindings of the ' World's Classics

provides for a different colour for each class of
If that delight Voltaire can give, of persons eminent in ])(>litics and literature.
Which thou hast giv'n to me
book thu.s red is for Gction, blue for poetry,
;
The poet was born on June -"Jth, 1798.
:
A more luxurious feast, dear Clive,
green for the essay, and so on." I cannot give to thee ! D. G. TiiK following are among the most recent
It will be remembered that Stanhope in A copy of Ulstadius, Codum Philo- ' Parliamentary I'apers University Colleges,
:

his Life of Pitt laments the fact that the

'
' sophorum,' &c., 1529, is bound up with Great Britain, Grant in Aid, Copies of
minister's letter to George III., dated another book, in a very curious speci- Treasury Minutes, lioports of Inspectors,
November, 1794, breaking to the king the men of English work by John Eoynes, kv. (1. 3(/.); Ifeport of the Tommittee on
resolution of theGovernment to remove the known as Henry YIII. binding, with the the Employment (tf Children during School
Duke York from his command in Holland,
of arms of England, Tudor rose, and an Age, especially in Street Trading, iu Ireland
was not to be found amongst the Chatham escutcheon, and with the monogram of the (l.s. 8./.).

60
SCIENCE
RECENT rUBLIOATIONS.
The Deep-Level Mines of the Band and tfieir
Future Development, considered from the Com-
mercial P(>i)it of Vicu\ By G. A. Denny.
(Crosby Lock wood & Son.) But a few years
back a bore-hole 4,000 feet deep was a wonder
almost unique. How different is the state of
things at the present time Mr. Denny's book
very forcibly illustrates. Its object is the dis-
cussion, not of mere borings, but of important
mines worked, or to be worked in the near
future, at such depths and at much greater
depths. The gold of the Witwatersrand or
simply the Rand, as it has now come to be
called occurs disseminated in some four or
five conglomerates or "banketbeds," interstrati-
fied with compact sandstones or quartzites of
great thickness. This gold-bearing set of sedi-
mentary rocks the "Rand Series" strikes
east and west of Johannesburg for some forty-
two miles and dips to the south. The con-
glomerates are in fact themselves the gold ore,
and as they are thin and dip at high angles
they occupy very narrow strips of the surface.
Workings situated on or close to the more
valuable of these surface bands are styled the
Outcrop Mines. The next group of claims will,
of course, contain no outcrop of the banket, and
can only meet with it as it passes southward
from the boundary of the first claims at a depth
varying with the amount of the dip, but always
considerable. Mines so situated belong to the
"First Row of Deep-Level Mines "; those still
further south constitute the " Second Row,"
and are deeper still; whilst the " Third Row
of Deep-Levels " will consist of mines which
cannot hope to meet with the auriferous layers
at depths much short of 6,000 feet. Now the
average cost of developing a mine in First Row
is given as 590, 000^., the dearest and cheapest
being 813,000L and 459,000L respectively.
The schedule of capital expenditure of one of
the "Third Row," or deepest, mines affords an
excellent insight into the magnitude of such
undertakings. But assume the depth of the
stratum of conglomerate to be 6,000 feet, two
preliminary diamond drill holes would cost
27,000L two vertical shafts would come to
;
nearly half a million (say, 480.000?.) ; two
shorter incline shafts would cost 5O,O0OL ;
160,000Z. would be needed to develope the mine
for 200 stamps ; 200,000L more for machinery
and plant at bank unconnected with the shafts ;
and SO.OOOL for buildings, reservoirs, dams,
stores and material for stock. This gives a total
of 997,000L which must be spent before the
mine can be brought to the producing stage,
and it would take six or seven years to reach
that stage that is, if all went well.
It is a
point in favour of enterprise entailing such an
enormous outlay that banket deposits such as
the "Main Reef" of the Rand are much more
constant as to the percentage of gold which they
contain than are ordinary quartz reefs of other
regions. This constancy is, however, as Mr.
Denny very clearly shows, only relative. The
banket may be divided into zones comparatively
rich and poor in the precious metal, and these
zones run neither parallel to the strike nor
parallel to the dip, but obliquely to both. This
important feature we have not seen so definitely
stated before. The problems of deep-level
mining are many. Of these the hoisting to the
surface of as much ore as possible in the shortest
time and at the cheapest rate is not the least.
At such depths as 6,000 feet the stupendous
weight of the rope, often overcome at shal-
lower depths to some extent by tapering,
would probably necessitate that the winding
should be done in stages. For taking the
miners to and from their working places
special contrivances must be adopted. Mr.
Denny does not expect that the temperature
in these very deep mines will exceed 91 Fahr.
THE ATHEN^UM
In this estimate we cannot but think that he is
over-sanguine, though, no doubt, the improved
means of underground ventilation now in use
would enable engineers to cope with considerably
greater heat. Pumping
anxious attention, but excessive water troubles
are fortunately exceptional in the deeper Rand
mines. In a mine such as that above con-
templated Mr. Denny alloM'S 107,200L for
pumping machinery and its adjuncts, the cost
of maintenance and running coming to 23. per
ton of ore milled. From points such as these
the author passes to purely financial topics.
'Expenditure on Capital Account,' 'Deprecia-
tion,' Maintenance,'
'
Reserve Fund,' '
'Amortization of Capital,' 'Mine Development
Redemption,' are the heads under which these
are treated. The working costs in deep-level
mines and the principles upon which the valua-
tion of such mines should be carried out are
fully discussed in two specially interesting
chapters, and the work closes with a considera-
tion of the probable economies of the next five
years. The total saving is estimated at a little
over 5s. per ton, and will be due to reduction in
wages (both of white and native workmen) and
in the price of materials and stores, dynamite,
and coal. The value of Mr. Denny's work
depends largely upon the simple way in which
all his propositions are stated, on the methodical
arrangement of his complicated
the excellently constructed tables, by means of
which most of the conclusions which he wishes
to enforce are impressed upon his readers at a
glance. His book is sound and extremely sug-
gestive, and, at this critical moment in the
history of South African mining, deserves careful
study.
Ocean to Ocean. By J. W.
(Chicago, McClurg & Co.) Within the moderate
compass of 280 slight pages the reader of this
volume will find not only a clear account, free
from engineering technicalities, of the various
schemes for an inter- oceanic Nicaraguan Canal,
with the alterations in detail suggested by suc-
cessive Commissions he will also gain a clear
;
conception of the general features of the sur-
rounding region, while the pleasures and draw-
backs of rough travelling in the Tropics are
vividly compared, the author's sense of the
beauties of nature and a certain cheery philo-
sophy outweighing the assaults of ticks, fleas
and red-bugs, wasps and ants, and of a vegetable
enemy besides :
"It was eometimes impossible to work in the
afternoon, when everything was dry, because of
pica-pica, a vine bearing a brown pod which sheds
a fine down almost unendurable. It attacked face
and hands, and even penetrated our clothing, burn-
ing like fire and producing an almost uncontrollable
desire to scratch, than which nothing could be more
injurious."
Drenched tents and beds are perhaps more
easily borne when recourse can be had for
waterproofing to the nearest indiarubber tree.
The least interesting chapter, though adding to
the completeness of the work, deals with the
history from the early Spanish days. The
writer's sympathies are somewhat anti-British,
but as the Udaller in The Pirate has it, "There
'
is never peace with Spaniards beyond the Line,"
and we may claim for Englishmen that they are
at least as mindful as other nations of the calls
of honour and humanity. The scheme of an
inter- oceanic canal through Nicaragua has been
contemplated from early times. Of late years
the chief hindrances to its inception have been
political and financial difliculties, the expected
Panama scheme, and, it
realization of the rival
is the underhand opposition of certain
said,
railway interests, Mr. Walker speaks of the
"International Scientific Congress" held at
Paris in 1879 as a packed meeting intended to
ratify a foregone conclusion in favour of the
Panama route but as regards Lesseps, he seems
; describes the methods of observations, points
by that time to have committed himself why
not from conviction ? to the principle of a
N-'SSOS, July 12, 1902
canal without locks. For a canal with locks he
admitted the Nicaragua route to have great
advantages. As for the comparative merits of
the two routes, the author points out the advan-
will also receive tage of the Nicaragua route for vessels sailing
from the Atlantic ports of the United States to
every part of the Pacific except the west coast
of South America. This to an American
naturally a weighty recommendation. The author
ia
describes five schemes or reports, all of which have
in common the passage through Lake Nicaragua,
and, more or less, the utilization of its outlet
eastward the San Juan river which the later
Commissions propose, by means of a huge dam,
to maintain for several miles at the lake level,
a similar process being applied at the west side
of the lake through a depression in the con-
tinental divide which confines the lake on the
west. The reader will at once be struck by the
progressive discrepancy in the estimation by
the different Commissions of the cost of the
whole work, varying from 31,000,000 dollars
in 1852 to 189,000,000 dollars of the recent
Isthmian Commission but this is explained by
;
the increasing size of modern ves.=els and the
consequent necessity of greater depth and
solidity of work through the entire length of
the canal. The author disclaims for his book
all literary merit, but his style is throughout
clear and vigorous, neither bald nor redundant.
facts, and on A couple of extracts, we think, will bear out
this criticism. Here is an account of a night in
the forest :
" We
cleared out the underbrush, leaving the large
trees for shade, and the forest around us, always
rustling in the ever present breath of the trades,
A tiny thread
shut us in like a green wall.
of water, winding along the stony bed of the river's
gorge and connecting clear, deep pools where one
G. Walker, U.S.N. might bathe at will, furnished an abundant supply
of drinking water, and to it came all the beasts of
the forest every night. Pumas crept with stealthy
steps to old familiar pools, and deer, which through
the heat of the day had lain concealed in shady
brakes, ventured forth as daylight died, to drink
and browse till dawn. All through the night, while
the moon sailed by above us, we heard strange
noises from the sombre depths of the woods, and
doubtless wild eyes glared at us, as their owners
wondered what strange beings had invaded the
privacy of their domains. It was not until the
Southern Cross bad set and the cook's fire had
begun to crackle and throw dancing shadows on the
wall of green around us that the forest world was
still and then the eastern sky brightened to a pallid
;
gray, and we tumbled out to breakfast and another
day's hard work."
Again :
" Each day the view was different, though the
same. Perhaps the valley a mirage,
lay like
no tree top stirring in the heavy air which
trembled with the heat. Or else a storm arose ;
great banks of vapor rolled over the encircling hills,
filling the valley with a sea of mist from darkening
;
clouds the lightning flashed and thunder roared ;
the giants of the forest groaned and creaked
before the rising blast, which bent young saplings
almost to the earth and stripped them of their
leaves and then the rain began, the stinging drops
;
flying like missiles from an unseen sling to rattle in
the foliage overhead or to rebound in spray from
the unsheltered surface of the trail. Thus Nature's
varying moods became familiar to us, and, as we
learned to know her better, discomforts dwindled
into nothingness, and isolation seemed no hardship."
a few words which we
'
The author employs
accept as additions to our
should be slow to
and worst, tu operate, in
common language ; first
the sense of construct
cfif., a building or
We read of "a proceeding which
a canal.
advocates of States' Rights and
antaqoni-:ed all
threatened to disrupt the country," and that
" the revolution materialized."
The third volume recording the scientific
results of The Norwegian North Polar Expedi-
tion, 1^93-1896 (Longmans &
Co.), has just
reached us. It is entirely from the pen of Mr.
Fridtjof Nansen, and deals with the oceano-
graphy of the North Polar basin. The author
out how greater efficiency may be attained by
future expeditions, and discusses the results
 N3898, July 12, 1902
obtained by himself and by his predecessors.
Very interesting are his remarks on the rise of
temperature in the water towards the bottom of
the Polar basin beyond a depth of 1,500 fathoms.
To a small extent this rise may be due to an
increased pressure, or even to chemical pro-
cesses, but he contends that it is mainly "an
efiect of the higher temperature of the sea-
bottom, owing to conduction of heat from the
interior of the lithosphere," or subterranean
heat. There are numerous maps and diagrams
illustrating the temperature and salinity of the
sea, its depth, and the direction of winds and
currents. The work deserves a careful study on
the part of geographers, and more especially on
that of persons about to engage in similar inves-
tigations.
Mr, Murray has added to his excellent cheap
reissue of Darwin's books the abbreviated Life
of CkaiJes Viincin, by his son Francis Darwin,
which is prefaced by an admirable portrait.
The reprint of these books at so moderate a
price is a great boon. We hope it may induce
other publishers who hold copyrights of general
importance to treat the public to cheaper issues
more generously.
SOCIETIES.
Jidy Mr.
Arch^ological Institute. 2.
Emauuel Green, V.P., iu the chair. Mr. F. Norniau
read a paper on 'Exchequer Annuit)' Tallies.' After
mentioning that the origin of tallies is a point of
extreme doubt, he suggested that they were intro-
duced as a part of the system of the Exchequer
from Normandy soon after the Conquest. When
their use was established in this country tallies
became general in matters of account, not only in
the Exche(iuer, but among merchants and traders.
r>y the end of the fourteenth century they
went out of fashion for ordinary mercantile
transactions, but Government, always conservative
in such matters, continued to employ them till
17S2, when they were abolished by Act of Parlia-
ment. Their use, however, did not entirely cease
fill 182i;, on the death of the last Chamberlain of
the E.Kchequer, and an attempt to get rid of the
great accumulation of them by burning them in the
stoves at Westminster caused the fire which destroyed
the Houses of Parliament in 1834. A description
of the ordinary form and notches of a tally fol-
lowed, and an account was then given of a large
number of tallies found last year at Martin's Bank,
formerly the "Grasshopper," in Lombard Street,
and of the documents associated with them, which
showed that they recorded the transactions relating
to certain terminable annuities granted under an
Act "for continuing an additional subsidy of ton-
nage and poundage, and certain duties upon coals,
culm, and cinders, and additional duties of excise,
and for settling and establishing a fund thereby,
and by other ways and means, for payment of
annuities to be sold for raising a further supply to
her Majesty for the service of the year one thousand
seven hundred and six." The annuities were for
t*9 years, and were granted at the rate of l.j.">/.
purchase money for each lOl. annuity, or at the
rate of 15i years' purchase. The varying prices
at which they were afterwards sold appeared to be
of special interest. The complete set of tallies and
documents relating to one annuity of KV. was ex-
hibited. Other line specimens of tallies had been
borrowed from friends for the occasion. Prof.
Bunnell Lewis read a paper on The Roman Arches
at Aosta and Susa,' and, by way of introduc-
tion, gave some account of the circumstances that
led to their erection. Julius Ciesar rendered the
greatest service to his country by subjugating Trans-
Alpine Gaul. Augustus completed his work by
subduing the Sub-Alpine tribes on the Italian
frontier, and the arches permanently commemorate
his successful campaign. The one at Aosta consists
of a single vault with Corinthian columns at the
corners, but the triglyphs in the entablature belong
to the Doric order. A crucilix suspended from
the centre of the arch records the flight of
Calvin about the year l.=54i). The Iteformer bad
endeavoured to spread the I'rotestant religion
on this side of the Alps, but his efforts were
unsuccessful. The arch at Susa, considered from
various points of view, has an interest of its
own, and, though erected for a similar purpose,
is quite distinct from that at Aosta.
It is admirable
on account of its delicate proportions, but the
sculptures in the frieze are the part of the monu-
ment which claims special attention. The composi-
tion is generally good, but the figures are rudely
executed, probably by provincial artists. On the
west side is depicted the signing of a treaty between
THE ATHENAEUM
Augustus and the Gallic chieftain Cottius, son of
Donnus. The emperor is seated at a table, and an
eagle, carved over his head, in the cornice distin-
guishes him from other jjcrsonages. On both fronts
tliesubject is n sacrifice the .iiiocetaiirilia. The in-
scription on the attic has been carefully edited by
Momiusen. Mr. Green, Dr. Creswell, iMr. Rico, Mr.
Greg, aiui Mr. Brabrook took part iu the discussions
following the papers.
Physical. J^ii'ie 20. Prof.
President, in the chair. Mr. CJ. F. Herbcrt-Suiith
exhibited tlie three-circle goniometer recently con-
structed for the British Museum from his designs.
A paper On the Heat evolved or absorbed when
' Trombes ou Tornados,'
a Liquid is brought in contact with a Finely Divided
Soli(i was read by Mr. G. J. Parks. Two papers by
'
Prof. R. W". Wood, on 'A Remarkable Case of Uneven
Distribution of Light in a Diffraction-Grating Spec-
trum, 'and on 'The Electrical Resonance of Metal
Particles for Light Waves (second comnmnication),
' tinuation of the results of his observations of
were read by the Secretary. Prof. H. L. Callendar
showed a Simple Apparatus for measuring the
'
Mechanical Equivalent of Heat.' The Society then
adjourned until October 24th.
MKETINQS NEXT WEEK.
Wl.D. rolk-lore, 8.' The Origin ol Totemlsm,' Mr. A. Lanp.
'
Response in the Living and Non-living,'
by Prof. J. C. Bose, will be published immedi-
ately by Me.s8rs. Longman. This volume
describes experimental investigations on animal,
vegetable, and inorganic substances regarding
their response to stimulus. The author con-
cludes that the phenomena of response in the
" living " have been foreshadowed in the "non-
living."
Owens College, Manchester,* which has
recently been recognized by a Parliamentary
Paper as the strongest of the provincial colleges,
is starting courses in mining. Students are to
be instructed at the various local centres for
the first two years, and for the last two at the
College,
Dr. J. G. Garson has succeeded the late
Mr. Griffith as Assistant-Secretary of the British
Association. His special department of research
is anthropometry. For many years he was
associated with the late Sir W, Flower in the
curatorship of the museum of the Royal College
of Surgeons, and for a long time past has been
engaged by the Home Office to develope
a scientific system for the identification of
criminals.
Mr. Henry Vignaud, first
United States Embassy at Paris, intends shortly
to publish an enlarged English version of La
Lettre et la Carte de Toscanelli' (Paris, Leroux).
He promises additional documents and argu-
ments in support of his contention that Tos-
canelli never wrote the famous letter in which
he proposed that the "East should be discovered
by the West." These additions, the author
believes, will meet the very weighty reasons
which have been put forward in refutation of
this startling theory by such competent judges
as M, Gallois, Prof, H. Wagner, and Prof. S.
Ruge.
We note the appearance of the Report of the
Army Medical Department for the year 1900
(l.s. 6'/.) and a Report of Proceedings under
;
the Diseases of Animals Acts, 1001, issued by
the Board of Agriculture and Technical In-
struction, Ireland (4i'^.).
We regret to notice the death of the venerable
and eminent French astronomer
A. E. A. Faye, President of the Bureau des
Longitudes. His contributions to astronomical
physics, esjjecially solar, have been very
numerous and valuable but he is best known
; and his ago perfectly, but the means to do so
to the general public as the discoverer of Faye's
comet, which he detected at Paris on Novem-
ber 22nd, 1843. It was found to have a period
of about seven and a half years, and has been
observed at every return since, the last time in
IH'Xj. M. Faye was born on October ytli, 1814,
67
and was elected an Associate of the Royal Astro-
nomical Society of London in 1848. Ho was
awarded tho Lalando Prize of the French
Academy in 1843, and afterwards received tho
Cross of the Legion of Honour, Besides
numerous contributions to scientific memoirs,
he was author of the following separate publica-
tions Cours d'Astronomie de I'Kcole Poly-
:
'
technique Cours d'Astronomie Nauti(]ue
' ' '
H. P. Thompson, '
;
Sur rOrigine du Monde Sur les Tempetee,
'
;
'
;
Tht^ories ot Discussions Nouvelles and '
;
'
Nouvelle Etude sur les Tempetes, Cyclones,
Dk. W. Doberck, who has recently resigned,
as already announced, the directorship of the
Hongkong Observatory, publishes in Nos. 3708,
3799 of the Asti-'j:iomisc]ie ycichiirlttoi a con-
double stars obtained there with the Lee equa-
torial last winter.
Du. PuLFRicH, of .Jena, whilst examining with
the stereo-comparator (a contrivance which is
applied to photographic plates in the manner of
a stereoscope) some photographs taken by Prof.
Max Wolf, of Heidelberg, on .June 9th and 10th,
1899, of a part of the sky in Ophiuchus, near
the position of Saturn at that time, noticed that
a small planet was registered on those plates
which had hitherto been overlooked on account
of its great faintness, it being not much brighter
than the thirteenth magnitude.
FINE ARTS
A Description of the Sketch - Book of Sir
Aiithony Van Di/ck, used by him in Italy,
1621-1627, and preserved in the Collection
of the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., at Chats-
worth. By Lionel Gust, (Bell & Sons.)
By the publication of Van Dyck's sketch-
book Mr. Lionel Cust has rendered a real
service to students of art. indeed, of It is,
unusual importance not only for the under-
standing of Van Dyck, but also as a record
of Italian paintings of the Cinquecento, as
they appeared to a singularly appreciative
connoisseur in the great galleries of
Eome, Venice, and Genoa a century after
their production. As regards our under-
standing of Van Dyck, the sketch-book
emphasizes what is, of course, sufliciently
secretary of the evident from the study of his paintings,
more especially his religious composi-
'
tions
namely, the fact of his intense
admiration for and deliberate assimilation
of Titian's princij)le8 of composition. "Wo
see in the pages of this sketch-book how
deeply concerned he was with Titian's
art, to such an extent, indeed, that in
spite of the flowing contours of seven-
teenth-century art
the essentials of his
composition, the triangular building up
of masses, every gesture of his Madonnas,
clearly recall the work of the ^'enetian
master. He carried over from his Flem-
ish training the use of a more liquid
medium, a tendency to draw in paint
rather than to model, as Titian did and
;
this and his lack of any strong personal
imaginative attitude, together with the
M. Herve growing love of elegance which marked his
epoch, cause his work to inspire a sentiment
sharply distinguished from that of his Vene-
tian original. Van Dyck expressed himself
lie e.xtractod by incessant and loving study of
Titian's masterpieces. That \nn Dyck was
apparent from this book, and
an eclectic is
it is just this (juality of his genius that gives
it such importance from tho other point of
 '
68
view namely, that ofthe study of Italian
art. Agreat originative genius like Kubens
cannot copy anything in such a way as to
hand on the character of his original. Tie
renders everything in terms of his own
imagination, Mantegna and Leonardo alike
appear as Kubens under his transfiguring
hand. But Van Dyck, with his self- con-
sciousness and his scholarly appreciation of
the older masters an appreciation undis-
turbed by the current of a strong original
impulse reproduces precisely the character
of his archetypes. Wherever we can test
them these sketches discover a fidelity that
is positively marvellous. Being hurried
memoranda done for his own personal use,
they are not, of course, minutely or labor-
iously accurate the proportions, for instance,
;
are often decidedly falsified but in the
; points of similitude leave no room for
very falsification and caricaturing of the
originals Van Dyck's hand follows in-
stinctively in the train of a vivid and
profound understanding of the essential
qualities of the various masters he is
observing.
The slightest indications, the roughest
scrawls of his pen, have in a marvellous
way caught the central characteristics of
the work he studies. Here, so far from
everything being Van Dyck, everything is
determined by the varying idiosyncrasies
of the masters he contemplates. When he
looks at a Veronese his line takes on the
bland and mellow quality, the fulness and
obtuseness, of Calliari's forms when he ;
copies the Aldobrandini marriage the extremi-
ties of his figures have the peculiar rounded
forms of classical draughtsmanship, and his
outline sketch might almost be a tracing
from a Greek vase painting. When he
treats Titian he follows so closely the
master he understood best, that we can tell
at a glance, even when the original is lost,
whether it was an early or a late work that
he had before him. In cases where we
know the originals particularly in later
works such as the Education of Cupid
'
of the Borghese Q-allery his
rough
sketches are in effect essential extracts
of the spirit of the original design. In the
example we have mentioned Van Dyck has
caught with two hurried lines of the pen
and a dab of bistre the peculiar feeling of
Titian's later manner, as seen in the draw-
ing of an arm, the massive modelling of the
upper part, the slightly indicated articula-
tions, and the fineness of the tapering extremi-
ties. To this sketch he has added two
legends which complete the impression of
the original :the word " rosso " in the sky
and "quel admirabil petto" of Venus's
foremost attendant.
In the explanatory notes Mr. Oust has
traced the originals of a great number of
the sketches. In one case, that of a re-
clining nude with three cupids and a
landscape background, plate xlv., he has
suggested that we have a
copy of
Giorgione's Venus at Dresden, and that
this indicates the original composition. In
view of the astonishing accuracy, as regards
essentials of movement and design, which
distinguishes these sketches wherever we can
still test them, we think this suggestion
is
inadmissible. We
believe that any artist
would at once allow that we have here two
distinct, though somewhat kindred motives
in the treatment of the nude figure so
;
THE ATHEN^UM
distinct,indeed, that an artist who had
produced the second could not be accused
of plagiarism by the author of the first,
though its general influence might be
admitted. It is true that we know
Giorgione's Venus originally had a cupid,
now obliterated by repainting but the
;
general position and design of this figure
can still be traced in the Dresden picture,
and they do not at all correspond with
those of the sleeping cupids in this sketch.
We must, therefore, conclude that it is a
sketch from some lost picture either by
Giorgione or the youthful Titian.
On the other hand, Mr. Oust has not
identified the sketch of a recumbent Venus
(c) of plate xli. with Titian's Venus in the
Uffizi, although here the many minute
doubt. Another identification which he
has overlooked is that of the two upper
heads in plate xxxii., which are clearly
taken from the heads of two youths in
Titian's fresco in the Scuola del Santo, at
Padua, representing the miracle of a new-
born infant giving evidence of its mother's
honesty. Again, if our memory does not
deceive us and in this case we have been
unable to compare the sketch with a photo-
graphthe lower portion of plate i. is taken
from the Annunciation by Titian in the
Scuola di San Eocco.
Two misdescriptions, though they are
unimportant, also call for correction. The
upper figure in plate xxxix. is surely a
Susannah and not a Venus. The small
drawing b. of plate xlvii. is described as a
"monster like a basilisk ": it is, we think,
like the other drawings on the same page,
a sketch of an ostrich, in this case sitting
down and seen from the front with the head
and legs sharply foreshortened.
An interesting point arises with regard to
the sketch of Salome with the head of John
the Baptist, plate xxxvi. Here the gesture
of Salome is almost identical with that in
the well-known picture of the Doria Gallery
but the composition differs by the introduc-
;
tion of an old serving-woman. Was there,
then, once another picture by Titian of this
subject, of which the Doria picture is a
reduced and modified replica ?
It is remarkable how large a number of
pictures by Titian some of them evidently
important ones which we find noted in this
book, remain unidentified. Not the least
value of such a publication as the present
lies in the hope that by its means some
hitherto lost works of the master may be
rediscovered. Erom this point of view, we
regret that Mr. Oust did not see his way to
reproducing, if in a less sumptuous and
expensive manner, the remaining drawings
of the sketch-book. Doubtless he has chosen
those of the greatest artistic merit, but, as
a record, every scrap of the book is of interest
to students.
In his preface Mr. Gust describes the
curious history of the sketch-book. It was,
a few years ago, purchased by Mr. H. E.
Cook, but on its being recognized as identi-
cal with a sketch-book that had mysteriously
disappeared from the Chatsworth collection
about a century before, he courteously
waived his claims to its possession.
N3898, July 12, 1902
POTTERY AND PORCELAIN.
Lessons from Greek Pottery. By J. H. Huddil-
ston. (New York, the Macmillan Company.) The-
purpose of this book, " to arouse a more general
interest in the study of the Greek vases," is one-
that may be highly commended it is, how-;
ever, impossible to speak so highly of the
manner in which Mr. Huddilston has performed
the somewhat difhcult task which he has set
His object is to interest the classical
himself.
student and the educated reader in Greek vases
by showing how much light they throw on the
history, on the religion and mythology, on the
life and the literature of the Greeks but ;
in attempting to do this within the limits of
a hundred pages he is necessarily reduced to
summaries which will not, it is to be feared,
leave much impression on the minds of those
not already familiar with Greek vases. A more
satisfactory model for a popular work on Greek
vases in relation to literature is offered by
Robert's 'Bildund Lied,' which deals at greater
length with a few selected problems in such a
manner as to make the principles of the study
clear even to those who have no special know-
ledge. The bare enumeration supplied by Mr.
Huddilston of instances where vases illustrate
the various matters to which he refers will not
be of much use to a student without a more com-
plete set of references and the general reader
;
will hardly be able to follow them without a
more extensive series of illustrations. There
are, moreover, a good many inaccuracies of detail
which are likely to prove confusing, and may in
some cases create a prejudice against the book.
Some of these are evidently misprints e.g.,
" Plato's Phaedra," "spretreque injurise formae,"
and "Museum Italiano " the inscriptions on;
the Colossals (sic) of Abu-Simbel are asso-
ciated with the "invasion of Egypt by Psam-
metichus " and technical terms, such as
;
proscenium and provenience, are misapplied.
The chronology, too, is somewhat erratic. Thus
the vases found at Naucratis, which belong
mostly to the sixth century, are spoken of in
one place as " antedating Homer by centuries,"
in another as "belonging to the eighth and
seventh centuries B.C."; and the earliest use of
writing in Greece is variously assigned to the
seventh century B.C. and to a time not much
before the eighth. In this last case one cannot
say that either view is incorrect, but it is con-
fusing to find them both stated in the same
book. Again, it is a matter of common know-
ledge that it was the French not the English
who excavated Delos and the Panathenaic vase
;
in the mosaic found there is to be dated not
187-186 B.C., but 186-87 b.c, an interval not
of one year, but of a hundred. By far the most
useful part of the book is the bibliography,
which occupies forty pages, and is likely to
prove extremely convenient to students, A
selection from so vast a mass of literature must
always be open to some difference of opinion,
but little that is of real importance seems to
have been overlooked, though a few of the older
publications quoted are of historical rather than
practical value. Mr. Huddilston has before
contributions to our knowledge
made valuable
of the relation of vases to literature.
A Hiatoni and Description of Chinese Porce-
lain. By Cosmo Monkhouse, With Notes by
C.M.G. & Co.)The
S. W. Bushell, (Cassell
Monkhouse had the advantage of
late Mr.
possessing a genuine artistic perception that
which is inborn and not to be acquired. But
he had also acquired the habit of mastering what
was known relating to his subject before he
attempted to expound its resthetic qualities.
Thus, while making no pretensions to infalli-
bility, and without any tinge of professional
dogmatism, he inspired a confidence in his taste
and judgment which the reader felt were not
based on mere personal opinion. He had, as
was only natural, his predilections for certain
those wherein refinement of
forms of art,
 N''3898, July 12, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 69
execution was juined to high technical pro- are in colour and others in black and white. The racial names here given, if correctly dis-
ticiency being the kind which evidently claimed Many of the former, wherein one object alone tributed, will surprise many
ethnologists for. ;

hia most cherished regard. Hence the subject
of the volume before us was one on which he
was ever ready to dilate. Mr. Monkhouse had
previously treated the theme of Chinese ceramic
art in journalistic notices(if we are not mistaken),
and more fully in two gracefully written essays
prefatory to the catalogues of the exhibitions of
Chinese porcelain held a few years ago at the
Burlington Fine-Arts Club. These articles,
evincing a wide acquaintance with the countless
variations of the art of the Chinese potter, estab-
lished their writer's reputation as a discriminating
critic of exceptionally acute perception. It
certainly required a well-trained eye to appre-
ciate the delicate chromatic effects arrived at by
ingenious combinations of technical procedure
is displayed on the page and without a back- while daughter
the of the "heretic king"
ground, are charming. The delicate tints of Khuenaten appears with the receding fore-
the originals are rendered with a truth and head and blubber lips of a low negro tj'[)e, the
refinement which are not always found in illus- Semite has a high nose and prognathous develop-
trations of this class. Those in which several ment, and the Libyan a bridgele.ss noso and
objects are combined in a group are not so Mongolian eyes. A charming set of Alexandrian
successful, the vases being cut out on a dark bronze coins, shown by IVIr. J. G. Milne, also
background, unpleasant in colour, and detri- attract attention by their excellent preservation
mental to the chromatic effect of the soft and artistic modelling.
translucent glazes characteristic of Chinese
porcelain. The selection of the objects illus-
trated in black and white was, on the author's SALES.
decease, entrusted to Dr. Bushell needless
; The
sale of pictures at Messrs. Christie's last
to say that the choice is from every point of Saturday was notable for the price fetched by
view judicious, but here also the examples Romney's portrait of Lady Morshead viz.,
suffer from being, in the majority of instances, 4,305L while two portraits by Raeburn fetched
;

such as could only be conceived by the subtle sharply projected on opaque black grounds. over l,300^ each. Sir T. Lawrence, E. J.
Chinese brain and probably could only be mani- If any background is given, it should, for Blamire, 1521. Portraits of Two
; Young
pulated by the marvellous Chinese hand. It delicate objects of this kind, be of the palest Ladies, in white dresses and red cloaks, ll.jZ. ;
was on these niceties and refinements that Mr. possible tint ;as it is, both the work of art Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester, (J51L ;
Monkhouse loved to dwell indeed, his delight
; and the artistic appearance of the page have Mrs. Siddons as Diana, 13G/. Portrait of ;

in their intricate details would almost justify
the conclusion that he had inherited something
of the faculty of Hsiang Yuan-p'ien, styled
Tzu-ching, the sixteenth - century scribe and
I painter whose catalogue of a collection of
been sacrificed for the sake of vulgar realistic a Young Lady, in white dress, seated, 2731.
effect. It would have been more convenient J. Hoppner, Robert Southey, 105/. Dutch
for the reader if the descriptions of the vases School, A Triptych, a gentleman and his
illustrated in black and white had been printed wife on either wing, 714^ G. Morland,
below their representations instead of being A Water -Mill, 241L Interior of a Stable, ;

Chinese porcelain has been translated by Dr. collected in a list at the end of the volume, the 1151. J. van Ravestein, Maria van Gogh,
Bushell. Thus it followed that when the official descriptions there nob giving the page where 357J. Sir H. Raeburn, Mary and Grace
career of Mr. Monkhouse closed, the first the illustration is to be found. It would like- Murray, oiGl. Portrait of a Lady (supposed
;

subject to which he devoted his attention was a wise have facilitated reference to the illustra- to be Lady Raeburn), seated under a tree,
history of the art which as collector and critic tions (which are all on separate pages) if, in 1,365L Portrait of a Child, with a basket of
;

he so well understood. It is touching to think place of being sprinkled about the book, they cherries, seated in a landscape, 1,312L J. F,
that, although the desire of his heart was in part had been bound together at the end, after the Herring, sen.. The Edinburgh Mail-Coach, lo7l.
accomplished, he died leaving his work still in ordinary manner of archjeological publications. F. Cotes, Mrs. Delme, 1201. J. B. Greuze,
manuscript. With characteristic modesty Mr. There is no index. It may be taken for cer- Head of a Young Girl, in white drapery, 2101.
Monkhouse referred in his Introduction to the tain that these and other shortcomings would Halle', Cupids Sporting (a pair), 202/. Van
"compilation of this little handbook," and have been corrected had Mr. Monkhouse him- Orley, A
Triptych, with the Adoration of the
in using the term he was strictly accurate, self seen the volume through the press. On Magi, 189/. Hans Memling, The Virgin, in
since the historical section of the book is its merits it should reach a second edition, in crimson cloak, holding the Saviour in her
tiken from already published sources. But which event these lapses, probably due to hasty arms, 1,134/. Romney, Chief Justice James
the historic notice of the art here set forth is publication, may be remedied. Mingay, 231/. Portrait of a Young (rentleman,
;

more than mere compilation. It is a carefully
arranged abstract of the various native accounts
of the manufacture of Chinese porcelain which
have been translated into European languages,
giving also the corrections of the earlier texts
made by later writers. The reader is thus pre-
EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.
The yearly exhibition of the results of the
past season's work of the Egypt Exploration
Fund and its associated bodies is now being
in dark dress and white stock, 325/. F. Bol,
Portrait of a Gentleman, in black, holding his
gloves, 105/. J. van Goyen, The Mouth of a
Dutch River, 115/.
Messrs. Christie sold on the 7th inst. the
following drawings W. Hunt, Purple Grapes,
:

sented with what is at present known of the
history of the art in compendious form, in-
teresting in itself, and indispensable to the
collector desirous of comprehending the aims
and intentions of generations of ingenious and
inventive ceramic artists who were inspired by
ideals so widely differing from those of our
Western civilization. Having traced the history
of porcelain during successive dynasties down to
recent years, the author proceeds, in the second
and larger portion of the work, to describe the
different wares, so far as is possible, in their
chronological sequence. Herein he displays the
same faculty of clear definition of which he had
iven proof in his earlier studies on the subject.
The artistic qualities of the many and diverse
classes of the art receive due recognition. None
of their special beauties is missed, nor do we
nd that unmeasured eulogy in which the
enthusiastic collector of blue and white or
crackled celadon sometimes indulges. Mr Monk-
.
house did not, however, confine his attention to
the artistic quality of the wares alone he had;
also studied the technical methods of the Chinese
potters, and was thus able to afford his readers
much useful information which is particularly
necessary in forming a just estimate of the age
and authenticity of wares purporting to have
been produced during a famous dynasty, but
which are too frequently impudent modern
forgeries. The book will, therefore, have a
substantial value both as a work of reference
and as a trusted guide to the collector, to wh(jm
it offers sound advice and practical hints which
may assist his judgment in determining the
quality or genuineness of pieces he may think
of acquiring.
A word as
to the illustrations, of which some
held in Gower Street, and will remain open till
the 26th inst. The objects found by Prof.
Petrie at Abydos hold, of course, an important
place there, but either because he has surfeited
us with marvels in former years or because the
Gizeh Museum has annexed the best of his dis-
coveries, we find his exhibit less interesting
than usual. It contains, however, two undis-
turbed graves, here roughly but sufficiently
reproduced in woodwork, each containing a
skeleton in a sleeping position, and surrounded
by jars and vases once filled with the food con-
sidered necessary for the dead. The attitude is
that shown by the Neolithic mummy in the First
Egyptian Room of the British Museum, but the
hands and feet are wanting in both the present
examples. This is curious, in view of the fact
that these are the parts most esteemed by
modern cannibals, but Prof. Petrie considers
that both graves are to be dated during the
earlier reigns of the first dynasty, and that this
and other facts show no break to have occurred
between the prehistoric and historic settlements
at Abydos. Other interesting objects in
exhibit are some pottery fireplaces in the shape
of a coiled serpent, and some worked flints with
serrated edges which seem to have been used as
combs. Among Dr. Grenfell and Dr. Hunt's
exhibits from the Fayfim are some portrait
mummy-cases of Roman or Byzantine times
which are well worth notice. They are evidently
lifelike likenesses, yet the dark-complexioned,
curly-haired heads of Jewish-looking men they
exhibit are as far removed as possible from the
ethnic type of the Greek soldiers who first
colonized the Fayum. In the same connexion
we may mention some drawings from Tell el-
Amarna, exhibited by the Archftjoh.gical Survey.
Apricots, and Plums, 84/.; Apple Blossom and
Birds' Nest, 115/. P. De Wint, The Barley
Harvest, 1G2/. T. Rowlandson, Going in to
Church, 51/. S. Read, Milan Cathedral, 781.
Constable's picture, A Landscape, with wood-
man, fetched 105/.
On the same day Messrs. Christie sold a
Limoges enamel deep plate, painted by Susanna
Court to illustrate Genesis xxvi. , fur 75G/.
to view
Last Monday the press were invited
at Messrs. Henry Graves Co.'s gallery por-
vt
traits and ideal heads by Mr. Carl J. Blenner,
They are also showing portraits
of New York.
of the Prince and Princess of Wales, by Mr.
Horace van Ruith, destined for the Government
House, IMauritius.
Some interesting statistics have been published
respecting the two French Salons which have just
The Society des Artistes Franvais the
closed.
original Salon has taken 328,000 francs at the
this
turnstiles, as against the 2(il,801 francs received
last year. The rival Salon, the SociuU' Nationalo
des Beaux-Arts, of which the complete statistics
are not yet issued, has been visited by 138,487
paying visitors, and the receiiits are said to be
appreciably higher than in the previous years.
On varnishingday over <;,(KX) persons pa.ssed the
turnstiles, and on Sunday, April 27th, the num-
ber of visitors reached 12,000.
The sale of the remaining works in London
of a distinguished and essentially French artist
will be
is a very pleasant innovation, and
it
interesting to note the result of the exneriment
at Messrs. Christie's rooms on Saturday ricxt,
 : " ^:

70 THE A T H E X .E U M N3898, JcLv 12, 1902

when contents of the stadio of the
the Mc .;.es'" at the Exhibition of liXX"", h.'i.s pre- is is more than probable that the world would

late M.
BenJAinin ConstAnt will l>e sold. - sented to the same museum a remark.<ible tAble never have known the full power of his
There are 110 lots in all, and these comprise of sculptured wood, dating from the first half of genius.
finished pictures, portraits, studies, sketches, the sixteenth century. Simil.^r tAbles of this
In 1843 Spohr produced 'The Flying
and design''. They are mostly of OrientAl }vrit->d are extremely rare, and this is the
only example of the kind in the museum. In
Dutchman' at Tassel, and. indeed, wrote to
subjects, hut a few are of English orisjin, such
as 'The Pier at Brighton' (lot 11), 'St. Paul's addition, M. Saglio, the consermUur of the Wagner to express the great pleasure it
frtMn the Tlianies (14), 'Warehouses on the
'
Musee Cluny. expects to receive shortly the him to light upon a young artist
afiorded
Thames" \ 'The Houses of Parliament and
("21 ben^uost of M. Rochard, which includes tapestry, who "meant seriously by his art.'' There
Westminster (27\ and the study for the j>or-
' furniture, and manuscripts of the fifteenth and soon followed a brilliant success with the
trait Lord Dufferin i77). None
of of them sixteenth centuries. same opera at Riga, and there seemed pro-
*pi>ears to have been exhibited. The Austrian excavations in Ephesus, after spects of performances in other towns. In
Theinnocence of the average " ex^vrt " is Wing stopi>ed for some time, are shortly to be fact, the close of the year, when at
at
often as ams.''.ing as his knowledge. The cata- recommenced. Dr. Heberdey, who is to pre- work on Tannhiiuser," Wagner was in the
*

logue of the present interesting exhibition side over the work, willemploy about & hundred best of spirits, looking, to quote from a
of mezzotint portraits at the Burlington Fine- labourers in the harbour quarter of the Hellenic letter written at that pericxi. * calmly for-
Arts Club is a case in jxiint. In twelve entries city, upon the site which was bought for the
George Romney deiscril>ed as "R. A.,"" ward to the spread of my operas." Little
is purpose few ye^rs ago by Prof. 0. Benndor^
.*\

whereas exhibited
he at the Royal never did he then think that in a few years his
the explorer of S.4mothrace, Lycia,
.<irch;v^ologic3d
Academy. The portrait of the Rev. .Tohn Wesley " honourable appointment for life " would
and Caria, The Vienna Arch^ological Seminaiy
(No. 4v>), eiigraved by J. (lainer, is ni-t after has in preparation a vork upon tbe great be at an end, and he himself an exile from

Romney to this, indeed, the compiler adds a ? tbeatte of the Lysimadiian period, wbicb his native land.
Roraney"> portrait was engraved by Sraisboiy, underwent extensive alterations during the Wagner was not the first to propose that
and is descnbed in Chaloner Smith, xbe lw>- Roman period. Weber's remains should be transferred from
graphicAl notice of Lady Hamilton under No.
St. Mary's Chapel, Moorfields, to Dresden,
24 is teeming with blunders. There is not a
shred of evidence to prove that she was ever MUSIC but he entered heart and soul into the idea
connected with Graham or his goddess Hygeta ; and had it not been for his energy and enthu-
the evidence is quite to the contxary, and siasm the scheme might never have been
Zffe tif Biehiri Wkgn^fr. Authorized Zng-
Angelo in his reminiscences distinctly con- carried out. In this, as in other matters,
lish Version, by "Win. Ashton Ellis, of
tradicts the rumour. She first sat to Roiuaey he was thoroughly in earnest. After diffi-
when living with Greville. Indeed, tbe wbole C. F. Glasenapp's 'Das Leben Itichard
eolties and delays Weber's remains were
"note"" should be rigorously suppressed. The Wagners.' Vol. H. (Kegaa Paul & Oo.)
committed to a vault in the Friedrichstadt
second portion of the foot - note to No. 10
Te drst volume ended with the appoint- graveyard, on which occasion Wagner de-
should also be deleted Hayley did nci
ment Irveied a noble yet " simple " speech.
:

in 1S42 of TV.^.gQer as Coort Oapell-

accompany Romney to Rome, and did
not make Romneys acquaintance nntii meister at Dresden, and the second opens The production of Tumhauser' in 1&45 '

1776, as is expressly stated in Hay ley's with an account of the two men who for six many foolish and hostile notices.
resulted in
' Memoirs of himself " (vol. i. p. 160,\ or long yeais were the troablers of the c-c~- Herr Glasenapp. or. :: 17 ilr. FTlia r

about four years after Romney 's retam Itom poeers artistic spirit Von Liittiehs :ir : .:. hims^, desctibf 5 :"z .- :i -.'zi ' ZiHiehrifi .

Rome. The joumey with Carwaidine and Intendant of the theatre, and Eeif^i^r.-. :.s the " spitefnies:.
'
\.: 1 11. :-.z. .yjeiiiix is
Hayley was to Paris, and did not take place 8em(H> Gapellmeister ; also of VTj^^-fr 5 ed a lon^ ex.fr: : ::::_ :: "^ ^~ : :he
until 17^"> moreover, Ozias Hmnpbij was
;
friends Heine. Fischer, and A^lg".l^: 7. ^ y.
not one of the party. "Ibe identity" erf
the " Musikdirekior " wh? :r. ^ -.. rl .
Mrs. Davenport (No. ol is not ''open to
doubt '": the original portrait was exbibibed at a brief and unsuccessful .n :l.f ~^.~~ ..- .'

the Old Masters" in 1S7S by & desooidant. tion. Wagner's ditnculrles ;:.'.-.^ irvr^.-vr.: :usic tne wnter
Mr, WiLFRir Bali gradually ::: fir?: :hr "::^":^
: i ? :r^-^ : ; . :
writes :

*"
A
circular has beeia issued bj i ztieial Inter- "Hienzi^ an.i :; }Z: ....-^ier ;.-.v- ;,.-^ '

natioital G-ovennDeci Melboora^ invitai^aitisits in i Mieigj and hope. Mendei? _ -

Enjwpe and America to cKwtribDte to tbeir Bxbibi- Ihrraden and eonductei hi? 1. .5 ^- .
taon in Melbourne Dexi XoreiabeT. As the name of
the Rr^s" A r c\v Australian of Artists has
s>i)ciciv
this was the GewaniLi:.? ..L.i : r :

been :. . into the circular, ai>d partaoolarsof whom, seven years previously. W5.c_:r:
tbe r.-,,:;; . : its jiast exhibiticais ^[QOted, it bas had hnmUy handed Iris tti z^ :?r-
Batnraljy cs-Dsed soiae aitasts to ioH^ine ***^t tbe
Exhibition is to be beM jmder tOie naspie^ of tbiis phony in c, begging 1 . * ii '
:.
:
" : .i

SocieiT. To prevent any miscQmMjptioB on tlus look at it, but jn;:

poir.: r.r r.-.tuicil will be ^lad if jxHi wiM state tbat him.'^ Mendelssohn,
ti - ~ :

IS ia no wt &iinecled with tbe
El
"
to tiie letter; anyhow^. r

Moi>iis Fr^ich art oontuiis no b<x Jmt^ refexred to it. In view of

otsJomist tlum MonticeDi. who died nature and art :il ? :: :br ::rr s rf-iM5 -5 -

seventeen ye&rs Ago &i MuseaDes in great rnitwnrpwsawg it vr: iz -z.

poverty, txronght cm by diink. His ptdntes gnermnee, to l i ;^ f::. .:

do xtot seem destined to be popoiar, bat ec]-

lectors of Lhem &re Iikefy to iacraeeinniiBbeT. sr.r^ ,, .7.:.: ;:^ ";:
RiMwptes of bis bubKft; and noBt Aaaetost ^ -:- '
_ . : _ . - .. -
I-.../-^- -r
periol oocar boa time to tine in londan salr
''7 "
Koco^ A
ooUectton of 9ix of bis fiftde pietOKf - - - -\

bs jost been jyordiased priraieSy at Vawafifln --

-rt-
. ^ _ - . .- _

by Mr. Jolm Prsti, of Xew Torij tbe pc:- .- - ^ Vi^i - *

- -
paid for tbea beai^ 17^,000 fraaes, a pnee f &: v ivi:
_".-..
:""-../":'
. -

i
.
-

- . .
,

bepond anylbiBS pcwfioB^ paid for bis wori; - .

The ax pietsns iadnde -Le Paon,' wM:'

ws one of tbe f^inres of tbe CesteBnial ExI. '7.:.ri\ '_T . .
~ .* 2l
bidott in Paiis nro yeus 9^; *!** Ct&:-
menaee"; ^Duas le Pirc.' a snbpee: -
* - ^ '
. T Z. T - ~ - - - - -
v^eated pKobaUtydaaoB of tones: *L i:^
:-.--
. -

_
and * La Ronde,' vbk& is deembed as c - :.
.' -
." ~ _" . . .

tie arosi's best tiii^s.

The Musee de Cfany b paitic: itiffli called I eeived !! In
Minor epsdeaic of gifts to Fue p J
.

- i^t^stir^ r^ -- '
.
'-
7 '?
It bas jnsit reeeired a qjaih^ywt^fe j^^ -iiij
&Ma Aeifteeatb ee^ny, of a r. :- 1 ^Bier:
bair and bbck beaid, pnbabty *
. * " "^ "
^ ^ "*^ -' ' -

dmrcb. lb. Geoige Douldsoc. :

-
i-Z'.LiZ'. zn
wbo iras Tioe-Ptndent of tte Ot', . . . _

N3898, July 12, 1902
Musikalisch-Sohuaen,' and as musical critic
of the Keue Freie Pnsse, a post whicli he
still holds. Hanslick's enthusiasm for
Wagner cooled down in time nay, as
regards his art-theories, almost vanished;
for that, however, no blame can be
ascribed to him. For his loose
nay, contra-
dictory statements Herr Glasenapp justly,
we think, takes him to task. The reminis-
cecnes of the "redoubtable" critic are not
trustworthy. But, on the other hand, the
reminiscences of August Roeckel are freely
quoted and intensify the tragic
to colour
story of the Dresden insurrection. In an
appendix Mr. Ellis, however, shows that
Roeckel wove together fact and fiction.
When Hanslick, who is not a Wagnerian,
trips, the reader's attention is at
to the fact in a foot-note. But Eoeckel was
a friend and admirer of the master, and
he is quoted without any hint, in text or
foot-note, that the statements may be "mere
figments of Eoeckel's over-heated imagina-
tion." We
presume that Herr Glasenapp
has tried to be impartial, but in small
matters, such as the one to which we are
leferring, and various references to men who
etood aloof from Wagner, we see how hero-
worship may lead an author, unconsciously,
to colour facts and figures according to
his likes and dislikes. It is impossible for
the most honest historian to be absolutely
unbiassed, and this should be borne in mind
in reading this biography of a man whose
very genius and artistic irascibility of temper
must have led him to do and say many
things which are unrecorded. Why, for
instance, does the biographer try so hard to
persuade us that Wagner took no active
share in the Dresden rising ? can he
be sure ? For certain hours nay, days
absolutely nothing is known of his doings.
Our biographer quotes what Wagner's
said Frau Wille some years later
to
" My husband did nothing wrong." But
did she herself know all that he was en-
gaged in ? And again, even if she knew of
anything that could be laid to his charge,
she would surely have been the last person
to reveal it. Of course, it matters not now
to UB whether Wagner shouldered a gun,
or stood on any barricade, or committed any
act which justified exile. But we think
that in the attempt to present the man in
the most favourable light there are signs of
over-zeal.
There is an excellent index to the volume.
Let us hope that Mr. Ellis will soon be able
to complete this interesting and valuable
biography of the greatest musician of the
second half of the nineteenth century.
THE WEEK.
CovEST Gardk.s. 'Manon,' 'La Traviata.'
Crystal Palack. Peace Festival.
St. James's Hau, Mr. Bispham's Hecitation of 'Knoch
Arden.'
Massexet's Manon,' performed at Covent
*
Garden last Thursday week, is a work in
which we recognize both skill and charm,
yet the story does not possess the marked
human interest which distinguishes 'Faust'
or Carmen again, the music lacks the
'
;
'
strength possessed by that of either of
these operas. We
listen to them season
after season we know that Gounod's
; the able direction of Dr. Cowen, were excel-
gifts, though
strong, were limited, and
we that Bizet, had he lived,
believe
would have produced a greater work than
:
THE ATHEN^UM 71
'
Carmen '
; but in each case the music, like the at his third concert at St. James's Hull on
story, appeals to the heart and with able
; Monday afternoon, with Strauss's incidental
interpreters that appeal, though frequent, music. The poem has been cleverly con-
retains its power. With Manon it is '
' densed by Mr. Bispham, whereby the undue
otherwise, yet it is representative of the preponderance of word over tone, so notice-
composer, and therefore deserves an occa- able in the late performance at (iueen's
sional hearing. It ought properly to be Hall with Herr von Possart and Herr
given in a smaller theatre than Covent Strauss, is avoided. Of the German reciter
Garden, where, by the way, the late com- we recently spoke in terms of high praise,
mencement and long waits made it seem but it was certainly more natural to hear
unduly long. Mile. Garden, from the Paris the poem in the language in which it was
Opera Comique, assumed the title rdle. Her originally written, and to an audience com-
voice appeared somewhat unsympathetic in posed largely of English no doubt far more
quality, but, singing for the first time in so welcome. Mr. Bispham is an able elocu-
large a building, she may have over- exerted tionist, and his powers were displayed to
herself. She has, however, a well-trained the full. His recitation was most impres-
voice, and by her skilful rendering of the sive. The matter-of-fact utterances of the
once called floridmusic soon won favour with her woman in the closing dying scene were
audience. M. Marochal as the Chevalier delivered with tone and accent which offered
Des Grieux also created a good impression. fine contrast to the haggard voice of Enoch
M. Allard (Lescaut), M. Plantjon as the Arden. It was a dramatic touch, finely
father,and Messieurs Gilibert, Seveilhac, conceived and effectively carried out. On
and Dufriche as Guillot, Bretigny, and the the stage Mr. Bispham does all things well,
Innkeeper respectively, contributed to the but the art is not always thoroughly con-
success of the evening. Signor Mancinelli cealed; when he appears on the concert
conducted. The piece was most eflPectively platform art and nature blend most happily
staged. together so it was also last Monday.
;
There was an excellent performance of Mr. Henry Bird must not be forgotten his ;
'
La Traviata on the following evening.
'
rendering of the pianoforte music was skilful
Madame Melba did full justice to the and sympathetic. The programme included
Violetta music, and she was extremely well the Strauss Sonata for violin and pianoforte,
supported by Signor Caruso as Alfredo. well interpreted by Messrs. Tivadar Nachcz
Verdi's opera, except at moments for the and Herbert Sharpe, also some interesting
composer possessed dramatic instinct which, Strauss songs.
owing to the operatic customs of the Tra- '
viata period, had little chance of natural
'
development is strangely at variance with Mlle. de la Rocvii:RE gave an interesting
modern ideas between La Traviata and
;
' '
concert at the Bechstein Hall on Tuesday even-
'
La Tosca,' to keep within the Italian frontier, ing. The Paris Schola Cantorum, of whose vocal
How there is indeed a wide gulf. quartet she is soprano, has done much to revive
There was a Peace Festival at the Crystal old sacred music its director and founder is M.
;
Charles Bordes, and its president M. Alexandre
Palace on Saturday afternoon, with the dis-
Guilmant, the well-known organist of La Trinite.
wife tinguished and favourite vocalists Mes-
The programme included Rameau's Le Berger
'
dames Albani, Ella Russell, Belle Cole, and Fidele,' consisting of three airs, the second and
Clara Butt, and Messrs. Ben Davies, Santley, third of which proved exceedingly characteristic.
and Bispham. A selection was given from The accompaniment was for violin, 'cello, and
the Te Deum written by Sir Arthur
'
' harpsichord, but the tone of the grand piano-
Sullivan for the Thanksgiving service in forte which stood for the harpsichord interfered
1872, after the recovery of the Prince of with the quaint efiect of the mu.sic. Another
Wales, now King Edward VII. The music item was an unaccompanied vocal quartet
bears little or no sign of inspiration it ;
by Heinrich SchiLtz, who, as sacred composer,
was Bach's greatest predecessor. There is
was written to order, and history shows
strength and dignity in the music, and the
how hard it is in such circumstances to Then there
harmonies are most impressive.
write for posterity. And why, we would was Beethoven's beautiful Elegischer Gesang,'
'
ask, was not Sullivan's last finished work, Op. 118, for four voices and accompaniment
the Te
'
Deum,' selected the one which of strings. On the whole, however, the pro-
he intended for performance at the close gramme offered an uncomfortable mixture of
of the war in South Africa ? The Handel ancient and modern music. The other members
Choir sang admirably. It was of the quartet party were Madame de la Mare
Festival
National Anthem, music and Messieurs .J. David and Albert Gebelin.
heard in the tlie
They .sang with taste and enthusiasm. Mile, de
just mentioned, the chorus in the contralto
la Rouvi^re, who was heard, among other thing.s,
song Land of Hope and Glory by Dr.
' '
in 'Le Songe d'Iphigi-nie,' by (iluck, has a
Elgar, based on the trio of his March powerful voice and disijjay.s marked intelligence.
in I), the American National Hymn, The instrumentalists were Messrs. .1. Ivimey,
Handel's Conquering ' Hero,' and Rule, '
H. Britt (from Paris), and F. Bohr. Should
Britannia.' Our two national songs Mlle. de la Uouviere give another concert a pro-
formed, of course, the natural and neces- gramme-book with a few analytical and historical
notes would certainly bo welcome.
sary opening and closing numljors. It was
a pity that so fine a body of singers had not Mlss Alice Holla.ndeu, the new contralto,
more to do. The two instrumental pieces who gave her second concert on Tuesday at
.St. James's Hall, has a voice of excellent
were Dr. Cowen's bright Coronation '
quality, and she was heard to advantage in
March' and Tschaikowsky's '1812' Over-
songs by Goring Thomas, Gounod, and Mr.
ture, reinforced by tlie firing of cannon in
Bethune. Her reception was most cordial, and,
the grounds. Both perfurmances, under moreover, well deserved.
FoLDEsv. thonew violoncellist, gave his second
lent, although the realistic addition to the concert on Wcdneaday afternoon at St. .lames's
overture was of very doubtful effect. Hall. With iiis full tone and exceiitioiially tine
Mr. David Bispham recited Enoch Arden' '
techniiiue he has means which may enable him


72 THE ATHEN^UM N3898, July 12, 1902

For the moment his the Playgoers' Club from the pieces sent in in
to become a great artist.
chief aim seems to be display of virtuosity if ;
answer to the well-known offer of Mr. Alexander.
It is thin and amateurish stuff, containing some
MESSRS. BELL'S
only that almost inevitable stage in his career
be a short one, no harm will be done. He played transparent absurdities, but is neither unsym- LIST.
the Paganini Violin Concerto, which he has pathetic nor uninteresting. It was played by a
arranged for violoncello. The performance was company of mixed actors and amateurs. New List post free on application.
wonderful, though not worth the time and labour Mo.sT assiduous in their attentions to the
which it must have coat. The transcription is
colonial Premiers and other Coronation guests NOW READY, royal 8vo, 2U. net.
clever, but not interesting.
The Tschaikowsky Festival held at Pyrmont
have been the managers of the principal London
theatres. Mr. Tree was the first to ask them to FRA ANGELIC 0.
on June 28th and 20th under the direction of his theatre to a reception which was limited By LANGTON DOUGLAS.
Herr Ferdinand Meister was not well supported. in numbers and informal in character. On New Kdition, Eevise<l.
The lyrical drama 'Parysatis,' music by M. Thursday in last week twenty- five minutes after With 6 Photogravure Plates and 67 other Illustrations.
Camille Saint - Saens, will be performed at the performance was over a magic transforma-
B^ziers on August 17th and 19th. tion was effected in the Lyceum Theatre. All
VOL. IX. NOW ItEADY, 3s. 6(/.
signs of seats had disappeared from the stalls
SiONOR SoNZOnNO, who in 1890 offered the
prize for an opera in one act which fell to
and the pit, the scenery had vanished from the THE PROSE WORKS OF
Mascagni, who thereby won fame and fortune,
now announces an international competition for
stage, the orchestra in the dress circle was
ambushed in flowering shrubs, its place being
JONATHAN SWIFT, D.D.
There will bridged over and added to the stage, on which Edited by TEMPLE SCOTT.
a dramatic work, also of one act.
be an international jury. Up to the present
many hundreds of guests, including our most With a Biograpliical Introduction by the Right Hon.
distinguished visitors, were received by Sir W. B. H. LECKY, M P.
M. Massenet has consented to represent France ;
To be completed crown
M. Jan Blockx, the Flemish composer, Bel- Henry Irving. The house was ablaze with in 11 vols, 8vo, :is. Gd. each.
und
[I oh. ], 2, .1, /,, 5, , ready.
coloured electric lights, and the whole of the
gium and Herr Humperdinck, Germany.
; Vol. CONTIUBDTIONS to the TATLEIi, the
IX.
The death is announced of Carl Piutti, pupil
floor of the pit and stalls was lined with refresh- EXAM IN EK, the SPECTATOH, and the JNIELLI-
ment tables. If only as a triumph of stage- GENCEll.
and afterwards professor at the Leipzig Con- management this transformation is worth
servatorium. He succeeded Rust as organist mention. On Saturday, the closing night of Crown 8vo, .3.?. fid.

of St. Thomas's in 1880. He wrote many works,

"not without merit," to quote Dr. Hugo Rie-
his season, the experiment was repeated by INJURIOUS
INSECTS an Introduction to the Study of Econcmic
and USEFUL
Mr. Alexander at the St, James's. On Monday :

mann, for his instrument. He was born at Sir Charles Wyndham entertained at the Hyde
Entomology. By L. C. MI ALL, F.R.S., Professor of
Elgersburg (Thuringia) in 1846. Another pro- Park Court Hotel the same much-feted guests.
Biology in the Yorkshire College.

fessor of the Conservatorium is dead viz.,

Johannes Weidenbach, who had been teacher In a speech on the last night of his summer SECOND EDITION, crown 8vo, 6. net.

of the pianoforte for nearly thirty years. season Mr. Alexander stated that the St. James's LINE and FORM. By Walter Crane.
would reopen on August 30th with the promised With 1.57 Illustrations.

PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.

new play, 'If I were King,' by Mr. Justin
MON. Madame Tatti's Concert. 3, Albert Hall. Huntly McCarthy. SECOND EDITION, crown 8vo, Gs. net.
Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden.
Ties. Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden.
Wed. Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden.
Mr. Hare's season at the Duke of York's The BASES of DESIGN. By Walter
Thurs Miles. Victoria and Helene Oorini's Operatic Recital, 8. .30, Theatre finished On Monday, Tues-
last night. CRANE. With 200 Illustrations.
Steinway Hall.
Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden.
day, and Wednesday next Madame Bernhardt
Fri. Royal Italian Opei, Covent Garden. will give farewell performances of La Dame ' SECOND EDITION, REVISED. Royal 8vo, 15s. net.
S.VT. Kubelik's Recital, 3. St. James's Hall.
Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden. aux Camdlias 'and 'Frou-Frou.' The house The PRINT-COLLECTOR'S HAND-
will then close, to be reopened in September by BOOK. By ALFRED WHITMAN, of the Department
a company headed by Miss Irene Vanbrugh and of Prints and Drawings, British Museum, Author of
DRAMA Mr. H. B. Irving.
'Masters of Mezzotint.' With 80 Illustrations.

During a one - night indisposition of Miss SECOND EDITION, REVISED.

Ellen Terry, Mrs. Tree played Mrs. Page, 2 vols, large post 8vo, 18s. net.
Of
the pieces in which M. Coquelin appears
during the second week of his engagement all
resigning to Miss Lily Brayton her own part of
Sweet Anne Page.
The LIFE of NAPOLEON
I., in-
eluding New
Materials from the British Official Records.
with one exception, Le Bourgeois Gentil- '
By JOHN HOLLAND
ROSE, M.A., late Scholar of
homme of Moliere, have been given in London
'
In consequence of the closing of the Criterion Christ's College, Cambridge. With numerous Illustra-
before. In Le Gendre de M. Poirier he now
' '
for the purpose of alterations demanded by the tions, Maps, and Plans.

passes from the part of Vatel, a cook, to that of County Council, A Country Mouse,' the success
' "It is, we think, certain that no one has hitherto suc-
ceeded in accomplishing his task so well as Mr. Rose, whose
M. Poirier, which as a species of modernization of which is almost unparalleled, will be retrans- work is, in many respects, a model of what a historic
of Georges Dandin comes to him by right and ferred on Monday to its original home, the biography ought to be.'" Edinburgh Beview.
;

in Mademoiselle de la Seiglifere he repeats

' '
Prince of Wales's.
Destournelles, the astute and ambitious lawyer. This evening Mr. Charles Hawtrey transfers
In these parts he maintains the traditions to the Shaftesbury the farce of There and
of Provost, Got, and the most distinguished Back,' by Mr. George Arliss, and 'Miss Bram-
Crown 8vo, with 5 Portraits, 4s. &d. net.
' A. W. KINGLAKE : a Biographical
and Literary Study. By the Rev. W. TUCKWELL,
Author of Reminiscences of Oxford.'
'

of his predecessors, and accentuates them by shott's Engagement.'

"It is a very readable story Substantially just andi
his own eminent and original gifts. As Jourdain right ]\i^g\r\g." Spectator.
As we anticipated, the season is coming to a
in Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, a part recently
' "In this brief but entertaining volume we get a striking
'
premature close. Among
the houses which have picture of Kinglake's briUiant character." Ivoj-W.
taken at the Come'die Frangaise by M. Coquelin
shut are the Haymarket, the Adelphi, the Vaude-
cadet, he shows a radiant benignity and self-
ville, and the Imperial, as well as the St. James's, Small 8vo, Hand-made Paper, 4s. net.
content which his assault upon the mirthful and
the Duke of York's, and the Criterion, already
practical but aggravating Nicole scarcely belies.
mentioned. On the other hand, the beginning E T H E N. By A. W. Kinglake.
In this piece M. Jean Coquelin was Le Maitre Reprinted from the First Edition, with an Introduction
of the autumn season is likely to be earlier than by Rev. W. TUCKWELL, Copies of the Original Illus-
de Philoaophie,and M. Coquelin cadet, Covielle. trations, and a Map.
usual.
The remaining characters were played with no " The value of the reprint is much enhanced by an excel-
great success. The piece was given in its We hear with regret of the death on the 1st lent introduction." i.j!eJJMre.
integrity, with music we suppose to be that of inst. of Mr. Robert W. Lowe, the compiler of
Lulli, and with all the choruses and ballets. the useful Bibliographical Account of English
'
SECOND IMPRESSION, crown 8vo, 6s. net.
Theatrical Literature and of a life of Thomas
Its performance under these conditions, not
always observed at the Theatre Fran^ais, in-
'

Betterton, and the editor of Doran's 'Annals

The WORKSComplete of CHARLES STUART
CALVERLEY. in 1 vol. With a Memoir by
spired much interest, and M. Coquelin'a inter- of the Stage,' Gibber's 'Apology,' Churchill's Sir WALTER J. SENDALL, G.C.M.G., Governor of
' Rosciad,'
and other works concerning the British Guiana, and Portrait.
pretation of Monsieur Jourdain caused up-
"None of the cheap reprints so prevalent of late has
roarious laughter. Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,'
' stage. Mr. Lowe, who was born on Feb-
given us more unalloyed pleasure." Morning Post.
with Le Malade Imaginaire,' occupies a position
* ruary 2nd, 1853, died of Bright's disease.
apait in Moliere's works, and the opportunity Crown 8vo, 6.'.

of seeing the entire piece and not the tirst three

acts only is one for which the student i,s thankful.
To CORRESPONDHNTS. W. M. W. R. P. H. D. G. G.
-A. DE B. J. C. H. received.
S. KING FRITZ'S A.D.C. By Frank
HIRD.
'The Hedonists,' J. B.B. Certainly. " Mr. Hird's novel lively reading." Twies.
a four-act play by Mrs. v. Many thanks. "
is

G. C. Ashton Jonson, given on the afternoon of

T. F. A thrilling little drama." 0</os/t.
M. B. E. Duly received.
the 4th inst. at Wyndham's Theatre for a charity, London: GEORGE BELL SONS,
G. W. R. Anticipated. &.
is one of the works selected by the committee of York Street, Covent Garden.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.


N^ 3898, July 12, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 73

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74 THE ATHEN^UM N"3898, July 12, 1902

" Learned, Chatty, Useful." Athenceum.

" That delightful repository of forgotten lore, ' Notes and Queries.' "
Edinhurgh Review^ October, 1880.

Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price id. ; or free by post to the Continent, i^d.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

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The Eighth Series of NOTES AND QUERIES,

complete in 12 vols. (JANUARY, 1892, to DECEMBER, 1897), price 10s. U. each Volume,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies, Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.

SECOND SELECTION.
ENGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH HISTORY. POPULAR and PROVERBIAL SAYINGS.
Wreck of the Grosvenor Gunpowder Plot Sons of Harold " Leaps and bounds "
" First catch your hare " Gondola of
Heart Burial Henrietta Maria's Maids of Honour Henry VII.'s
London Grass -Widow Halifax Law "Hand of glory"
Title to the Crown Henry VIII. and Bells of Paul's St. " Hear, hear " Let us walk down Fleet Street " " Lungs of
! "
Legitimist Jacobite League John of Gaunt's Pedigree London."
Abp. Juxon and Charles Battle of Killiecrankie Lord Salis-
I.

bury on Small Maps Pre-Reformation Markets on Sunday

PHILOLOGY.
English Royal ^Marriages Mary, Queen of Scots Member of Gemmace " Geology First Used Ghost Names Gingham
"

Parliament, the Title. Gnoffe Golf Good-bye Grammersow La Grippe Haggis

Hagoday Ha ha Handicap Harrow Henchman Hoodlum
-

BIOGRAPHY. Humbug Split Rime " Iron Italian Idiom

Infinitive to "

Gainsborough's Father and Mother Goethe and Smollett Jessamy Jigger Jingo Jubilee Larrikin Lay and Lie

Death of Claverhouse Lady Mary and Lady Katherine Grey Leary Leyrestowe Lilac Luce Madam or Mistress

Gundrada de Warenne Nell Gwynn Lady Hamilton John " Maisie hierlekin Marish, Biblical Word Maunder Pro-
"

Hampden Lord Mayor Harley Lowell on Hawthorne An nunciation of Mexican Names Michery=Thieving.

Early Vaccinator Joan of Arc Dr. Johnson on Oats Charles GENEALOGY and HERALDRY.

Lamb as a Ritualist Hannah Lightfoot's Marriage IMacaulay
Gartur Arms Genealogical Searches Hatchments in Churches

and Robert Montgomery Flora Macdonald Lockhart on Maginn
Malone and Shakespeare's Bust Cardinal Manning's Birth Angels as Supporters Anomalies in Heraldry Arms bequeathed

by Will Label in Heraldry Shamrock in National Arms

Marlowe's Death. Cabot's Ship the Matthew Mohammed's
Coffin Burial of Sir John Moore.
Supporters of English Sovereigns Heralds' Visitations Herons'

Plumes The Label Manx Arms -Military Banners.
BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY. FINE ARTS.
'Gammer Gurton's Garland' 'Garden of the Soul' Gaule's
' Mag-astro-mancer
'Gentleman's Magazine' Motto Gibbon's
'

Grinling Gibbons's Carvings
Portraits of Warren Hastings
Stained Glass in England
B. R. Haydon
Hoare of Bath
Neglected Books
Goldsmith's " Padoreen " Mare Grand '

Hogarth Holbein's 'Ambassadors'
Holman Hunt's 'Scape-
Magazine of Magazines' Gray's 'Elegy'
Poem by A. H. goat' Angelica Kauflfmann
Portraits of Keats Needlework

Hallam Author of Imitatio Christi Original of Bracebridge
' '
Pictures
H. J. H, JMartin Masons' Marks Miserere Carvings.
Hall Junius's Letters
Keble's 'Christian Year' Lyly's
* Euphues School and College Magazines
'
llattlin the '
ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
Reefer George Meredith's Poems
'
Million of Facts
Moliere '

Golden Rose Greenstead Church Haliwell Priory, Shoreditch
and Shakespeare.
'

Hanwell
Church Our Lady of Hate Early Headstones
First Burning for Heresy in England High Ercall Church
^POPULAR ANTIQUITIES and FOLK-LORE.
Garlands
Horse Skulls in Churches Host eaten by Mice Church near
Games in Churchyards Personal Adornment for
Royal Exchange Martin's Abbey, Somerset Miracle Plays in
Garlic to falsify the Compass Ghost Miners Best Ghost Story
Fifteenth Century
Miraculous Statues Mitre and Cope.
Gloves and Kisses Good Friday Graal Legends Hanging TOPOGRAPHY.
in Chains Herring Pie for the King The Horkey King's Evil

Wedding Knife Latter Lammas Luck Money Stone that Gosford Isle of Wight, its Governor or Governess Haddon

Loveth Iron
Mandragora Marriage Customs May Day Hall Haggerston Icknield Way Leper Hospitals in Kent

Customs Moon Lore. Lincoln's Inn Fields Vanishing London.

iPOETRY, BALLADS, and DRAMA. MISCELLANEOUS.

Archangel Gabriel and the Drama Garrick and his Wife* The
Austrian Flags at Acre and Gibraltar Hugo and Aldebaran
Beggar's Opera in Chancery' God save the King ' God save

" White Fryers " in Ale Alphabet-man America, its Name
'

'
American War of Independence
Animals as Thieves and
theQueen 'Green- Room Handel and the Harmonious Black-

'

Burglars Anstey Hat

Knuckle-bones First Steamship to
smith' Harlequin John Heminge Mountfort's Murder
'Home, Sweet Home' "Jesu, Lover of my soul" "Drink to cross the Atlantic
" Auld Kirk " Whisky Austrian Lip

me only with thine eyes " Edmund Kean Comedies by Duke
One-Pound Notes Bathing Machines Great Beds Evolution
of Leeds Liston as Paul Pry Longfellow and the
of the Bicycle
Last Survivor of the Black Hole Sedan Chair
Blacksmith '

Village '

Rain at Cherra Poongee Curious Christian Names Twenty-
Malebolge Author of the Marseillaise.' '

four-hour Clocks
Dead Body arrested for Debt Lady Duellists
^CLASSICAL SUBJECTS. Artificial Eyes
Extraordinary Fields Fire put out by the
Greek Anthology " Jud^eus Apella "-Pronunciation
"Huic" of
Sun First Giraffe in England Post Office Grammar Gretna
"Humpty Dumpty" Latin Macaronic Latin " Maligna
in
" " Hie

Green Marriages The Guillotine Hats worn in the House of
lux" "Fiat voluntas Dei et alubris."
Commons Lemon Sole Invention of Lucifer Matches.

Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.

 : ; V

N^SSQ.s, July 12, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 7:1

THE MODERN GUIDE BOOKS. FOREIGN

DENT'S
The
COUNTY
LAKE COUNTIES. W. G.
GUIDES. COLLINGWOOD.
LITERATURE.
SURREY. WALTEU JERROLD.
NORFOLK. WILLIAM A. DUTT.
HAMPSHIRE, with ISLE of WIGHT. G. A. B. DEWAR.
Pocketable. Witli Illiiatrations and Maps,
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The AT//t:X.1-WM said of the First Volume ; " Their plan seems to us an excellent one, and should produce a kind
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THE
a lK)Ok that the general antiquary or lover of nature, as well as the county resident, will delight to have on their shelves."
NKW VOUME JUST PUBLISHED.
The LAKE COUNTIES. By W. G. Collingwood.
Special Articles on Natural History and Sport by well-known Authorities on the District.
MA.XCIIESTfli GC Alio/ AX. ABSOLVtKLY FIKST-KATB." F/KLD. "MAY BE JUSTLY DESCRIBED

BY THE EPITHET GREAT." KESDAL MEHCl BY. "In no guide-book of o\ir acquaintance is there the same
With Ten
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FOR LAST WEEK,

THEA'.phaletical List of
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NUREMBERG. By C. Heaiu.am. (Third A'rfiion.)-PERUGIA. By M. Symonds and L. Duff
GoKiM'X. tlcurtu Edition.) -ps.A.G'U'E. By Count Lvtzow. ROME. By N. You.xg. (Secotid Edition.)
ROUEN. ByT. A. Cook, (^fcond ,'rfjton.)-TOLEDO. By Hanxah Lynch.
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NEW VOLUMES JUST PUBLISHED.
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The Story of CHARTRES. By Cecil Headlam. Illustrated by
Herbert Railton. Cloth, 4s. t'l/. net leather, .Ss. 6d. net.
SPEAKER. "An
:

admirable book. It is astonishing how good it is Tliere is no exaggeration in saying that it is Literature of the Continent durinc;
the best book in the language ou the town and church of which it deals. Everything is here."
the last Tivelve Months.
The Story of CAIRO. By Stanley Lane-Poole. Illustrated by
J. A. Symington. Cloth, 44-. 6rf. net ; leather, ."is. M. net.
SPECTATOR. A good guide-book to Cairo. The long period
'
really is handled with great skill, and as a work
of condensation, which nevertheless remains both attractive and instructive, the book is much to be recommended."

The Story of PRAGUE. By Count Lutzow. Illustrated by Nelly BELGIUM.

Erichsen. Cloth, 3s. 6d. net ; leather, is. 6i. net.
By Prof. FREDERICQ.
BIRDS IN THE GARDEN. Studies with a Camera.
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RIEF
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at the DiTislon of Profits for the Quincinennium ending next rear.

The A THES.MVM for June 23 contains Articles on

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Head Offices
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A DICTIONARY
AIIHEY.
of WESTMINSTER
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of
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BONUS YEAR 1902. MR. W. C HA/MTT on SHAKSI'EARE.
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ATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION ItOLINGBROKK and
NEW NOVELS The
his TI.MES
Shadowy Third; Breachlcy, Black Sheep; The ITALY.
]S Battle (; The Comedy of Progress.
round
FOB MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE. By Dr. GUIDO BIAGI.
;

ENGLISH HI^T()RY.
OMARIAN LniCUATURE.
Paid in Claims more than ... 11, .500,000 FRENCH MEMOIRS
Accumulated Funds 01 R LIBRARY TABLE - Dr. Theal on the Progress of South Africa
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:

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PROFITS. sions nf Oxford Tudor and Stuart Love Songs University Maga- ;

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zines
LIST of
;

NEW
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Already
divided, :->,i()i<,(j(:0. LORD ACroN; MARRIAGE of the DUKE of CLARENCE
The with
VIOLANTE VISCONTI SAMUEL BUTLER; SALES.
I

The ne.xt Division will be made as at November 20, \902, ;

and all Assurances previously effected and then existing i

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Aij!0
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will participate.
]
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FINE ARTS: The Creation of Versailles; Cafagglolo The Restora- ;

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Policies are issued, combining LIfy Assurance at minimum '

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OrtlK^mral Concert; Madame Allmnl's Con- AND

coet with provision for old age. cert ; Herr Horiiiann'n Recital Got,..lp .

ARTHUR SMITHER, Actuary and Secretary. DRAMA : .Monna Vanna' Ellen Terry and Clara
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SPAIN.
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 76 THEATHEN^UM N 3898, July 12, 1902

AN EXHIBITION
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: i"-*
\

I -<
PRTCR
No. 3899. SATURDAY, JULY 10, 1902. . 'THREEPENCE
RKOISTKltKI) AS A MvW.SPAPHH

R OYAL i
HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
Incorporated bj Koyal Charter.)
ALEXAXllER FUI/.E.
WHITGIFT CiUAMMAR
HEAIVMASTEIlSHIPof
The this
SCHOOL, CROYDON.
SCHOOL will become V.\.CANT at
"L'"OK
1^ -KX-EDI
Weeklv Journals.
JOURNALISM
Abstainer. First<clast'cfs. Moderate saUry
or
I'OR ,:i DISENfJAOEl). ^.Ifi- expel lence. Dally and
Siny^ITKRAHY .WOliK.

The foUowinK subjects (alternative) have been proposed by the CHRISTMAS, IRll' Reply X, !i, Hamilton Road, Highbury, . 'V, '
"
Council 'The Governors of the Wbitgitt Foundation will shortly proceed to
1. The Intellectual Influence of English Monasticisni between the select Three Gentlemen qualilled to till the position, from whom His
Tenth and Twelfth Centuries' or ;
Grace the .Archbishop of Canterbury, as Visitor, will make the appoint-
ment.
PARISH REGISTERS in ID^fS. DORSET,

The English Occupation of Taneiers.'
:.'.

Candidates must be Members of the Church of England, and have

-^ SOMERSET,
.^M.'ir. IV.-'r. i , and
HMO HRIS I'oL
Mlll:^IUI. lO
To I'arish
JltriSIl llfT
TIVrlcT and Others
Kssays must be sent in before MARCH :il, 1M1. to the Offices of the WANTED, CERriFK'ATES
\t' A VT.|.E>f
I...t ^,1.. T _
of
* .........
MARRIAGE #^. .,
ol
. . -
.Mr. Stevens
^^>ciety, n. Old Serjeants" Inn, Chancery Lane, London, \V.C. graduated at one of the principal Universities in the United Kingdom, (possiblv Henry <;illieiti ;ind Miss '
BcwncI, about IT'.iO; of '

and be under forty years of age. The salary is '.'W/, a year and a Robert Tripp lind Maiiha Hewnel Stevens; and of Jane Stevens and
''F H E HARLEIAN SOCIETY. Capitation Fee of 31. per Boy in the .School, together wiilia Residence
IUnfurnished which is situated in the Grounds of the .School.
1,

The present accommodation in the School is for UKi Boys.

George Oborne about IMi); and of BIRTHS of .Martha Bewnel Stevens
and Jane Stevens, about 17:i:' Five Shillings will be paid for each
Certificate, in addition to the proper fee. .\ddres Lt Bii\ssi:ia &
Candidates should forward their applications, together with copies OiKiKv, Solicitorc, IJ.New Court, Lincoln s Inn, \\ C.
rounded 18C;'. Incorporated l:i02. of Testimonials, to the undersigned, endorsed " Head Master's Appoint-
Established for the purpose of TrAnscribin^, Printing, and ruMishinp ment," on or before SEl'TEMKKR 190l>. L'.l

The Heraldic Visitations of Counties, Parish Uegisters, or any Manu-

scripts relatine to Genealogy, Family History, and Heraldry, or such
By order of the Governors,
J JONES, Secretary.
OT. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
other kindred or partly kindred subjects as may from time to time Whitgift Foundation Office, Croydon, July
kJ An EXAMINA'TION will be held at the above SCHOOL on
3, liX)2.
Jie determined upon by the Council of the Society.
TUESDAY, September IG 1^102. and the Following Days, for FILLING
In the Ordinary Section 40 Volumes have been issued.
UP TWENTY or more \ ACANCIES on the FOUNDATION. Full

c OUNTY COUNCIL NOTTS. particulars can be obtained on application to the BiK^ia.

In the Keeister Section 1*8 'Volumes have been issued. of
Entrance Fee, lO,'. CJ. Annual Subsiription, Ordinary Section, II. Is.
Kegister
Chairman of Council-Sir GEORGE J. ARMYTAGE, liart., F.S.A.
For all particulars apply to the Secretary and 'Ireaeurer,
,, IJ. !.<.
TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION COMMITIEE
The invite applications
for the position of DIRECTOR of EDUCATION for the COL'NTY.ata
BEDFORD COLLEGE ( University of London.;
for WOMEN
'W, BRUCE BANNEKMAN, F.S.A, commencing sa'aiy of .'j(K.V per annum, nith all OtHce. Travelling, and
VOKK rLACK, HAKKK STREET. ^V.
The Lindens, Sydenham Road, Croydon. Out-of-pocket Expenses The salary will be reconsidered should any
fresh Educational duties be undertaken by the Council under the new Principal-Mi88 HUULBATT. ETHEL
Education Rill.
WORCESTER
T SEPTEMBEK.
MUSICAL
and
FESTIVAL,
1902
Applicants must be University Graduates with some Educational
experience.
The SESSION 1;iO_'-:J will oriCN on THl ItSDAV. October
The College provides instruction for Students preparing for the
2.

7. Si, 10. II, I'J. University of London iJcitreea in Arts. Science, ^nd Preliminary
ALBAXI. SOBRISO, SQUIRE, BREMA, CROSSLEY, FOS I'ER, The successful Applicant ill he required to enter upon the duties Medicine also instruction in sulijects of Genei'al Educuion
, .

of the Oftice ou OCTORER 1. IsiOi', and to devote the whole of his time There is a Tniinin;: Department for Teachers, a Hygiene Depart
GKEEX, HASr, BL\CK, LANE WILSON, PLUNKET GREENE. to the same. ment, and an Art School.
Gerontius' (Elearl, 'Templi?' (VValford Davies>, 'Pathetic Sym- Applications, with thirty-six copies of not more than three recent Students can reside in th" College.
phony' iTschaikowsky), 'St. Christopher' (Horatio Parker), Third Testimonials, to be sent, on or before J ULY I'l, IW2, to Tull particulars on application to the ^nl^(IP^.I,.
Symphony (Brahms , 'Elijah,' * Messiah,' &C- M. J. R. DUNSTAN.
Shire Hall, Nottingham.
TITERARY MAN. Polemical Writer and f
vJ
TNIVERSITY COLLEGE of NORTH WALES
.i student
^ Lecturer, of Militarism durinfrlon^ residence on Conti-
nent practical experience of International Arbitration!, desires
I

<'ORRESP(JNI)E\'CR with earnest Opponents of Physical Force I'ro-

pacanda. Machiavellian Statecraft. Land Grabbing, and General IJis-
H ARRIS INSTITUTE,
LECTURER IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PRESTON. BANGOH.
Principal-H. H.
OCTOliEU 1, 190:.*.
(A Constituent College of the I'niversity of Wales.)
KEICHEL, M.A. LL.D.
The College Courses are arranged with reference
to the Degrees of the University of Wales, and Include most of the
NEM SESSION EEGINS

honesty. Address I. L". S care of Streets, ICI. Piccadilly,

. W HARRIS COUNCIL invite applications for the
The post of
subjects for the 11. A. and H Sc- Degrees of the London University.
Students may pursue their tirst year of Medical Study at the College.
LECTURER in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Salary I.-AI/. per There arc Special Departments for Agriculture and Electrical Engineer-
BEHIND the
WRITER Of position and popularity
SCENES in SOCIETY and annum. Applications, with copies of not more than three recent
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ing, a Day Ti"aining Department for Men and Women, and a Depart-
ment for the Training of Teachers in Secondary Schools. Sessional
POLITICS .A is OPEN particulars may be obtained from
to UEGVLiR WORK under these headings Address E. K. H. S.,
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FrancisA Co., Athen^um Press, Bream's BuilJings. E.C. or Medical Course, ]')l. 15.s The cost of living in L'idgings in hanger
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RESEARCH WORK for AUTHORS

LITERARY and GENEALOGICAL WORK UNDERTAKEN
and Others. u NIVERSITY COLLEGE, LIVERPOOL. for Women Students in Upper Ilangor Fee, Thirty Guineas for the
Session is now open. At the Entrance Scholarship Examination (held
in September) more than I'wenty Scholarships and i:\hibitions, ranging
*i.T EXPERT, ramily redigrees and Histories Traced. Historical in value from 40/. to in/ nriU be open for competition. One half the
,

Records. Parifh Registers Searched. Materials for Hooks and ASSISTANT LECTURER IN TRAINING total amount otierei is reserved for Welsh Candidates, for further
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cces. A. G., Alperton, AVenibley. DEPARTMENT. JOHN EDWARD
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REQUIRED, by retired M.lDst.C.E., APPOINT- An appointment will be made on SEPTEMBER 1, 1902, rjNlVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON
MENF
SECREl'.ARY to Limited Company, or Resident
as
vJ
Secretary to Bachelor or Widower) Literary Man, President of
i
ASSISTANT to tlie PROFESSOR of EDUCA-
to the post of I University of London >

College, Scientist, or Contractor; prefei-ably where services of Wife

Linguist, Type-Writer, active practical, thoroughly accustomed to TION. Stipend 150/. per annum. FACULTY OF MEDICINE.
Management of Children and Young People and Control of Servants) WINTER SESSION (I!i(i.'-U103) BLOINS WEDNESDAY, October I,
could be utilized. I'.S. A., care of Benson, 1, I'udor .Street, EC. 1002.
The Gentleman appointed will be required to take part in Courses for the Degrees of the Vnlversity
WANTED DURING AUGUST,
APPLIED DESIGN London,
LESSONS
Advanced Design,
in the Lecture and Tutorial Work of the Training College, and I. PUELI.MINAKY SCIENTIFIC COVKSE.
rro/essoi's.
in similar to in the direction of the Practice of Students both in Piimary
Roaid of Education Examination. Lessons must be practical State Chemistry Sir W. KAMSAY, K.C.B F.R.S.
lerms, experience. qualiJications. specify Crafts, Three hours per day and Secondary Schools. Physics-F. T. TROITON, M.A. F.K S.
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u'ick Koad. Sunderland. /oology-E. A. MINCHIN, .M.A.
Experience of the working of Secondary Schools is
A new Chemical Laboratory has been recently constructed and
HUCKINGHAMSHIRR. GENTLEMAN, pes- essential. THE SECRETARY. C(|uipped for 120 Students. Special arrangements arc made for
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sessing accurate Arch^iiological. Architectural. Historical,
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Fee for the Course, 2j Guineas.
and REVISE PItoOFS of SHORT' WORK in return for moderate fee. II. INTERMEDIATE COURSE.
X Athenaum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
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pITY and COUNTY BOROUGH of BELFAST.

Anatomy C. THANE.
J'roJ'fSforit.

PUBLISHING FIRM require EDITOR to

The LIBRARY and TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION COMMITTEE of
Physiology-E. H. SIAHLINO, M.I) F.R S.
PhaMiiacology-J R BKADFORD. M D. F.R
D.

I correct Printer's Proofs of New Copyright Edition of a Popular S.

X'.fCt. Terms. &c-, to P'.iii.isHtRs, care of Housekeeper, 34, Paternoster HELF.\S'r invite applications for the following positions in their Organic Clieinlsiry-J. NORMAN COLLIE, Ph.D.
I'.ow. EC. MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL ISSTITUIE: Fee for the Course, 00 Guineas.
A CHIEF LECrURER in the PHYSICS and ELECTRICAL
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"PDITOR WANTED for a leading MONTHLY will be attached to special quatihculions in Electrical Engineering.
LECTURER M A TH iOM A'lICS.
per ann'jm. Salary Pfo/essors.
*J PERIODICAL Must have a good knowledge of .\rt. particularly A ('HIEF in ICO/.

Mnde^n Painters and Work generally. Preference would be

.\rtistlc .\pplicants having special knowleilge of the Practical Applications of Medicine G. V. POQRE, M.D.
sni to a Gentleman willing to Invest a moderate amount in the Mathematics will be preferred Clinical .Medielnc-F, T. ROBERTS, MI).
underuklng Address, in first instance, to Lfi, care of H. A. Mon- Forms of application maybe had from the undersigned, and these Sir IHOMAS HAUI.OW. Rart., K.C.V O. M.U.
should be returned, accompanied by copies of not more than three J. R. HUADFOKD, .M I). l.R.S.
crieir. I'j, Ladgate Hill, E C.
recent I'estimonials, on or before MONDAY, July 21. Canvassing will Surgery-A. L HAllKCR, F R C.S
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TOKE NEWINGTON PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Sir VICIOK HOIISLEY, F.It
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Mid\tlfery-H R SI'KNCKK, M D F.K.C P.
Palhidngy-SIDNEY MAItlTN.M D F.R.S.
S.

REQUIRED. Previous experience In a

Public Library essential. Commencing salary of/, per annum. IT
NIVERSITY of BIRMINGHAM. Ilvgicne-W. H COUFILLD. M 1)
Medical un. prudence- J. RISIKN RISSELL. M D.
,I

Written applications, with copies of not' more than three recent Fee. Including Hospital Practice Ni(iulne.
Tcnimonials, and endorsed 'Assistant,' to reach me not later than SCHOLARSHIPS IN THE SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES. Cfimposltion Fee for the Curriculum reuulred for L.K C.P. and
ocon on THCKSDAY, July L'4th Inst. TWO SCHOLMISHIPS In GERMAN fgivcn by Mr and Mrs. Charles M.K.C.S l.VJ Guineas.

GEORGE PKEECE, Librarian and Clerk. Harding of the annusl value of .IW. ech. tenable during I'hree Years,
I
The full Prospectus, containing Information as to Prires. Enti-anco
Public Library. Btoke Newington, N. are otfured to Students entering the school of Modern Languages next and other Schnlarshlps, of a total value ol UMl. a year, may be obtained
Session At the clone of the rhlr<l Year Ti-avclling Scholarships of from ellbcr of tlio undcrtlgncd,

cCENTRAL
J. R BIIADFOUD. Dean.
TECHNICAL SCHOOLS for Mf)l. each, tenable at a German Unlvertltv for one Year, may be
awarded to these Scholars provided that they have taken the B.A. T, UMEiJORY FOMBU, SeereUry.
CORNWALL. TRURO. Degree in the School of Moilern Language!.
TEACHER WANTED
ASSISTANT for the ART SCIIOOL-Day and An ENTRANCE EXAMINAI'ION to Ihe SCHOOL of MODERN
Evening Work. Salary T'JI per annum. .Muat l>e fJerttncatqd and with LANGUAGES will COMMENCE on .MONDAY, September Iwi' 1.'., I )A1{ IS. Refined FRENCH PROTESTANT
jirevlout Teaching experience -Applications with copies of Testi- Applications foradmlsslon must be received by the Ri'.irinH on or 1 HOMI; YOlNfi LADIES. forHlgheit EnflUh rrterencea.
monials, should reach the undersigned before JUf.Y 26 before AUGUST Ifi. Lessons in I anguaitcs>|uslc. Art. Address Madame K;i:ib Siiiirr,
A. BLENKIN80P, .Secretary. For further particulars apply to the Ri'.i-.rajii, at the University. 111, Boulevard Mont Parnasse, Paris.
11. Princes Street, Truro. '
. .

PRESTON. T'HE DURHAM COLLEGE SCIENCE, LIMITED NUMRKR SONS GENTLE-

H ARRIS INSTITUTE, T NEWCASTLE UrON-TYNK.
of

Complete Courses of Insiruoilon are provided for StudcnU of both

A MBN. under
OKIIMAN, besides
can receive SPBiTALTll HON in I IlKNCH and
I.',,

usual English Sul.jirts, In the 1 ainily the French

of of
!
The COUNCIL of the HARRIS INSTITUrE require "the services Di'grecn In hclenc*'. or In l.rt:tt4>ni and for Tcachcm'
ftCXf-H proccf^diDjT to
Instructor at the Rojal ,Mlllttry Collcffo, t'sadhurtt. Apply lo L.
of a GENTLE.M^N to act as HEM) MASIKIi of the ART SCHOOL. Hecndarj Srhooln and fnr the I'iplnma In lieory and
(;<;rtiflcai*ei for I
Li'-iMOMdi:, Monljole. Canibcrley.
He niut hold the Art Master's Certllicate, and be rtimjietent to take J'rwtlce of Tcarhlnc Special farllltlCH are oden-d fur Ihe iitudy of
advanced work in Anatomy, Design, Ornament &c. AKri''U>ture, Applied luMiiKiry, .Mining, and all Itranchcn of ]:nKtnecr-
He will he
lequlred to devote his whole time to the duties of his OHIcc. and to
act generally unHer the Connfiiof the InMiti.t*:. He mnt eoicj- rn
Inic at d Naval A rrhUcrturc
<

MAtlUCt J-A lIi>N and KXHIKIirON EXAMINATIONS KEOIN

WILL N.-'gbtTirho<.<l
any
Hl:(KI\F. Ydl
MUSICAL FAMILY, ifi Lonrlon or
NO IIUIAN HDV Into
>'
lliilr l'<)l>l'. now or M'P'C" '""r, I" rrliirn "r "'

his *ulle- in >K1"IK\IIIRR .SKXI Salarr.vl leranr.afn. .*iKI'IKMHKK V.I.

Applications H ith copies of four recent Testimonials and refcrencei, OCIOUER I'inlr.sumal Mngcr, Hlsnlst, cxi-ollint Mnils!
IJX'lI-HESHtKOlN 7 VJrj.
tp be forwarded, not later ihan JULY I'S to - i
Ho*telH for Mf-n and f o -
Woiitcn Kluflent. I .rellent l.acher. llrt|ulre and gle Im!.i i''
T. R. J<>LLV, Hecretary and Renlslrar rro>|r4c*U9f't on app'lcailon tu ihe FMttLTiui, (I. O Hominoods Llbiary, Dyke K-ad, llrl||hton.
,


78 THE ATHEN^UM N3899, July 19,1902

YPE-WRITING. The WEST KENSINGTON Engravings.
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY, T Legal and General Copying. Circulars, &c.. Duplicated Lessons given.
Usual terms. References. Kstablished 1893. Sikes & Sike3, 13,
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C on WEDNESDAY,
July 23, and Following Dav at
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON. Wolverton Gardens, Hammersmith Hoad, W. ,

1 o'clock precisely. ENGRAVINGS. Framed and in the Portfolio, com-

OOKS, MS^., &c Messrs.
Auctioneers or Itooks and Literary Property of every description.
Libraries and smaller Collections carefully Catalogued and promptly
offered for Sale. Packing and Removal arranged for. Valuations made
MONOCHROME COPIES for Probate, &c. Auction Kooms, 116. Chancery Lane. Estab. 1809.
prising Mezzotints. Portraits, and Fancy Subjects by Masters of the
HODGSON & CO., English Schools, including a brilliant Proof Impression of Mrs.
Arbuthnot, by 8. VV. Reynolds, after J. Hippner. and the Conntess
of Pembroke and her Son. by J. Dixon, after Sir J. Reynolds Etchings
and Engravings by Old Masters Plates from Turner's Liber Stndlornm
Drawings, Oil I'aintings, &c., including a Collection of Water-Colonr
Drawings by C. Stanstield, W. M. Thackeray, J. M. W. Tnmer, and

BY THE
'PHE AUTHORS' AGENCY. Established 1879. others.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The Agreements for
Interests of Authors capably represented.
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishere.-Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. Burghes, 34, Paternoster Row. Valuable Books and Manuscript!.
PERMANENT AUTOTYPE CARBON PROCESS
p MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
VV. Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. IS. Wellington
OF PICTURES BY OLD MASTERS Probate or Purchase. Investigations, and Audit of Accounts, &c. Card
of Terms on application.
Street. Strand, W.C, on
at 1 oclock precisely, valuable
MONDAY.
July 28, and Two Following Days
BOOKS
and MANUSCRIPTS, com-
Mitchell House. I and 2, Snow Hill, Holborn Viaduct, E.C.
prising the Library of JAMES WARD,
Esq.. of Nottingham, including
From the principal Collections of Note. an unique Copy of the hithei to unknown First Edition of Watts's Divine
Songs, and other Works by the same Author the Ward Nottingham-
DUCATION.ThoroughlyRELIABLE ADVICE shire Manuscripts Autograph Letters,&c. a POR'TION of the
;

can be obtained (free of charge) from Messrs. GABBirAS. LIBRARY of ALEXANDER HOWELL,
E*(|., comprising Occult
THRING & CO., who, from their extensive and personal knowledge of Literature Books illustrated by Bewick, Craikshank, Leech Coloured
the best Schools for Boys and Girls, and successful Tutors in England Panoramic Views-Ch p-Books Books of Prints and extra-illustrated
and Abroad, will furnish careful selections if supplied with detailed Books; and other Properties, including Illuminated Hora; and other
NUMEROUS EXAMPLES OF WORKS BY requirements .36, Sackville Street, W. Liturgical Manuscripts Lamb's King and Queen of Hearts, 1818
Specimens of the Early Presses -Books on Vellum Seventeenth-Cen-
tury English Literature, comprising the Second Folio Shakespeare,
MODERN ARTISTS. CTatnJogttcjf.
with the rare Smethwick 'Title-Page- Spenser's Fairie Queene, First
Edition Milton 8 Lycidas, First Edition Poems and Paradise Re-
gained Vaughan's Silex Scintillans- Suckling's Fraementa Aurea
MESSRS. HENRY YOUNG & SONS possess Cowley's Poetical Blossoms Clasmata, by H. W.. believed to be unique
and other Early Poetry Sir Joshua Reynolds's Engraved Works,
one of the LARGEST STOCKS
of OLD and BOOKS in NEW 3 vols Engravings from the Works of Sir Thomas Lawrence Chinese
GREAT BRITAIN, and they will be glad to hear from any one in Drawings, c&c a rare Sarum Missal, printed at Venice by Hertzog in
The AUTOTYPE COMPANY'S Processes of Per- search of Books out of print, as they can in many cases supply them 14;i4 and a line and perfect Copy of the extremely rare Ryall Book,
from their large Stock. printed by Caxton in \iSA.
manent Photographic Reproduction are exten- CATALOGUES MONTHLY. May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
12, South Castle Street, Liverpool.
sively employed by the Trustees of the British
Museum, the Local Government Board, many of CATALOGUE, No. 35. Drawings by Turner, Curiosities.
* Varley, Prout, Hunt, &c. -Engravings by and after Turner,
.^
MR. J. C. STEVENS'S NEXT SALE of CURIOS
the Learned Societies, and leading Publishers. Hogarth. Oirtin, Constable, &c. Etchings by Millet, Whistler, *c will take place on TUESDAY NEXT, the eini inst
Illustrated Books Works by John Ruskin. Post free. Sixpence. AVm. ,

Ward, 2, Church Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. And will include, amongst other things,
Copies of Coins, Seals, Medals, MSS., Drawings, OLD SILVER, ANTIQUE FURNITURE, CHINA, BRONZES,
Engravings, Art Objects, Microscopic Work, &c. ^IR EDWARD BURNE-JONES. SIX important SILVER ORNAMENTS from PEKIN, PRINTS, PICTURES, SAVAGE
CHALK DRAWINGS for Glass-Painting, executed for Messrs. WEAPONS, CARVINGS,
Morris & Co FOR SALE. Pat ticulars on application to Wm. W.tRD,
,

2, Church Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. And CURIOS from all Parts of the World.
Catalogues may be obtained from Mr. J. C. Ste^ins, 38, King

W
Street,
Inquiries are invited from those requiring Book I L L I A M S & N O R G A T B, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
IMPORTERS of FOREIGN BOOKS,
Illustrations of the very highest quality. Speci- Old Silver, Antique Furniture, SiC {by order of the Trustees of
14, Henrietta Street. Covent Garden. London ;

and 7, Broad Street, Oxford. the late Bev. E. B. C. CHUBCHILL).

mens and Estimates submitted.
CATALOGUES on application. STEVENS
MR. J. C. will include in his SALE,
On TUESDAY NEXT, the 22nd inst.,
PART II. READY JULY 18, 1902. SEVERAL HUNDRED OUNCES of OLD SILVER,
THE AUTOTYPE FINE -ART GALLERY, (CATALOGUE of EARLY PRINTED and Some line OLD FURNITURE,
^ other INTBRBSTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, And PICTURES, PRINTS, PLATED ARTICLES, CHINA, &c.,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C. and BINDINGS. The Property of the late Rev. E. B. C. CHURCHILL
(and sold by order of the Trustees).
Part II , containing letter C, price 2s. With 220 Illustrations in Facsimile Catalogues may be obtained from Mr. J C. Stevens, 38, King Street,
Open Free Daily, 10 to 6. J. & J. LBIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Covent Garden. W.C.

ENGINEEIUNG AND CHEMISTRY. Part I. containing A B, with 120 Illustrations, price 2,<. Photographic Cameras, Lenses, and all kinds of Photographic
GUILDS LONDON INSTITUTE. Apparatus and Accessories.
CITY and of
SESSION 1902-1903. PRIVATELY PRINTED FAMILY HISTORIES, Scientific and Electrical Apparatus, ^c.
and other Genealogical Works, from the LIBRARY of the late
The Courses of Instruction at the Institute's Central Technical FBI DAY,
College (Exhibition Uoad) are lor Students not under IB years of age
JOSEPH JACKSON HOWARD, Esq F.S.A., Maltravers Herald , 25th inst., at half-past 12 o'clock.
;
Exti'aordinary. CATALOGUE post free. A. RrsEi,i, Smiih, 24,
those at the Institute's Technical College. Finsbury, for Students not
under 14 years of ace. The Entrance Kxaminations to both Colle;;es
Great Windmill Street, London, W. MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER at his Rooms,
38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C,
are held in September, and the Sessions coTnnience in October. Parti-
culars ol the Entrance Examinations, Scholarships, Fees, and Courses CHAKESPEARE. WANTED TO PURCHASE, Some very good PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS, Hand and
of Study may be obtained from the Colleges, or from the Head Office
Ol the Institute, Gresham College, Hasinghall Street, E.C.
O fine Copies of the First Folio. 162J
Folio, 16G3 or 16(il.
Second Folio, 1U32 and 'Third
Very high price will he paid for any in choice
; ;
by leading Makers, and also LENSES.
Stndio,

condition also for Quarto Plays prior to 1650. Albert Jacksos & Son, A QUANTITY of PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS.
CITY AND GUILDS CENTRAL TECHNICAL COLLEGE. ;

224, Great Portland Street, London. 50 VOLT, 10 AMPERE, SHUNT-WOUND DYNAMO, in perfect
(Exhibition Road, S.W.)
working order.
A College for Day Students not under 16 preparing to become Civil,
Mechanical, or Electrical Engineers, Chemii-al and other Manufacturers, ROOKS WANTED. 25s. each offered. Cash And a QUANTITY of ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.
and Teachers. Fee for a full Associateship Course, 30/. per Session. or Exchange fur/nn's Persia, 2 1802- In Memoriam, vols. Very serviceable ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE.
Professors First Edition. ISoO Geo. Meredith's Poems, 1831 Hewlett's Earth-
;

Civil and Mechanical Engineering 'W. C. UN'WIN, F.R.8. M.Inst.C.E.

work out of 'Tuscany, 189j
Montaigne's Essays. 'Tudor Trans ,
And valuable MICROSCOPES by very best Makers.
Electrical Engineering- W. E. AYKfON, F.R.S Past Pres. Inst.E.E.
3 vols. 1893-Symonds's Essays, 2 vols. 1890-Cook's Foxhunting, 182G Interesting LOT of MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY.
Chemistry-H. E. ARMSTRONG, Ph.D. LL D. F.R 8.
.
Hissey's Drive through England, 1885 Gamonia. 18-37- Shirley's Deer
On view Thursday and on morning of Sale.
Parks, 18G7
Collyn's AMld Red Deer, 18G2 Desperate Remedies,
2 to 5
Mechanics and Mathematics-O. HENRICI, Ph D. LL.U. F.R.S.
3 vols. 1871
Jackson's Old Paris. 2 vols. 1878 Jackson's French Court, Catalogues on application.
CITY AND GUILDS TECHNICAL COLLEGE, FINSBURY. 2 vols. 1881 Jesse's Richard III., 1862 Warwickshire Hunt. 1837
(Leonard Street, City Road, E.C.) Stevenson's New Arabian Nights, 2 vols. First Fdition. 1882 Dowell's
A College Day Students not under 14 preparing to enter Engineer-
for Taxes, 4 vols. 1888-Froude's Short Studies, 1868-71, 4 vols. 8vo Keats's General Natural History.
ing and Chemical Industries, and for Evening Students. Fees, 15/. per Poems, 1817iEndymion, 1818. lOO.OOf) BOOKS FOR SALE and WANTED.
Session for Day Students. Professors By farthelargestand most valuable Stock in Birmingham. State wants. MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his Rooms,
;

Physics and Electrical Engineering S. P. THOMPSON, D.Sc. F.R.S. B\ker's Great Bookshops, 14 and 16 .John Bright Street, Birmingham. 38, King street, Covent Garden. London, W .C ,

Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics W. E. DALBY, M.A. B.Sc. On TUESDAY, July 29,
M.Inst.C.E.
Chemistry R. MELDOLA, F R.S. PIC.
MAGAZINES. 100 various vols., strongly bound, BRITISH and FOREIGN LEPIDOPFERA.
2;. (cost nearly 20;.); 50 vols. 20s. Lowe's Bargain Warehouse,
City and Guilds of London Institute, GreshamCollege, 18, Crescent. Birmingham. INSECT CABINETS-GLAZED CASES.
Basinghall Street, E.C.
RARE and CURIOUS BIRDS, well set up.
SECRETARIAL BUREAU, 9, Strand, London, FOR SALE.
invited to inspect large
EnglishCOLLECTION
Travellers
of
are
ANTIQUE STONE
specially Aery line SPECIMENS of HEADS and HORNS from South Airlca,
North America, and Central Asia.
W.C Confidential Secretary. Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat. Sci.
IMPLEMENTS and CURIoS, including Indian Carved Ivory Stick.
Tripos). Employed by the India Ortlce as Indexer, Portuguese and AVILD GAME, and many interesting and valuable
Apply Hk, 'Torp, Frederikssund, Denmark (near Copenhagen).
Dutch Translator also by the Royal Society, the Itoyal Geographical
;
LOTS of NATURAL HISTORY OBJECTS.
Society, the Royal Asiatic Society, &c.. and by the Corporation ol
'Warrington (lanes).
Town and County Records Indexed. Special System of Newspaper
'1"'0 INVALIDS. A LIST of MEDICAL MEN On view day prior and morning of Sale.
1 in all parts RECEIVING RESIDENT PATIENTS sent gratis
with
Indexing. Libraries Catalogued. Congresses reported in English, Schools also recommended. Medical, &c.. Association,
full particulars. Library of the late Bev. C. WILKINSON {by order of the
French, and German. Technical Translations into and from all Lan-
guages. Foreign and rechnical MSS. carefully Type-written.
Limited, 22, Craven Street. 'Trafalgar Square. C. 'Telegraphic W Executors).
Address, "Triform, London." 'Telephone No 1851, Gerrard.
A few Pupils trained tor Indexing and Secretarial Work in London PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
and Berlin. MESSRS.
AUCTION, at their Galleries, Leicester Square, W.C
by 47. ,

on MONDAY, July 21, at ten minutes past I o'clock precisely, the

AUTHORS' MANUSCRIPTSperTYPE-WRITTEN
words {over A Portion of the Library of Col. CBANMEB Bi'AG, and LIBRARY of the late Rev. C. WILKINSON (by order of the Executors),
and other Properties, including Ackermann's Microcosm of London.
with accuracy and despatch at Is. 3<f. 1,000 10.000
words at l^.). Carbon Copies half price. Reference to Authors. Selections from other Libraries. uncut- Hogarth'sAVorks RoxburgheClub Publications, 44 vols.
3 vols,
Punch, complete set Walton and Cotton's Compleat Angler, morocco,
Miss A. Kent, The Reliance Typewriting Office, 565, Mansion House
Chambers, EC. MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE 1676 Sowerby's Botany - AVillianison's Oriental Field Sports Encyclo-
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No Wellington 13. p.fdia Britannica, Ninth Edition Blomefleld's Norfolk. 11 vols, boards,
Street, Strand, W C, on MONDAY. July and Four Following Days, 21. uncut Latham's Birds Publications of the Kelniscott Press Ex-
TYPE-WRITING promptly and accurately done, at 1 o'clock precisely, BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, coniprisitg a
Selection from the Library of Col. BVNG. including CRANMER Libris, &c.
lOif. per 1.000 words. Authors' MSS. Address Miss C. K. Goue,
9, Addison Road. Bedford Park, '\V. Neale's Views, 11 vols -Witney's Choice of Emblems. 1586 Buck's
Views-Old Bibles. &c a PORTION of the COLLECTION of the late
; The important and valuable Manuscripts and Collections of

TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated

Dr JOLY, of Dublin, comprising Sett's Waverley, Guy Mannering,
and other First Editions of his Novels in the original boards uncut
the late JOSEPH JACKSON HOWABD, Esq., F.S.A.,
Women of Literary experience (Classical Tripos; Cambridge AVorks relating to Scotland Illustrated Books and Engravings, chiefly Maltravers Herald Extraordinary.
Higher Local; thorough acquaintance with Modern Languages).
Research. Revision. Translation References to Authors. Terms
(cash): Ordinary English Prose, Is. 3d. per 1,000 words: scale ol
charges on application. The Cambridge Tvpe-Writino Agency, 10,
relating to Sir Walter Scott and his Writings; other Properties, in-
cluding E. B. Browning's Prometheus Bound, First Edition Lamb's
Elia. 2 vols.. First Edition, uncut Dictionary of National Biography,
66 vols. the Works of Dickens and 'Thackeray, Editions de Luxe tlie
M ESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON
by AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47. Leicester Sqnare. "W-C,
on TUESDAY, July 2l'. at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, the
will SELL
Houghton Gallery Poems by J. R.. 18.50 the' Alpine Journal a Set important and valuable MANUSCKIPrS and COLLECTIONS of the
Duke Street. Adelphi, W.C. (formerly S. R., 1, Lingard's Road, late JOSEPH JACKSON HOWAIII), Esq FS A., Maltravers Herald
Lewisham, 8.E.). Loddige's Botanical Cabinet and Liltord's Birds Blake's Songs of ,

Extraordinary, comrrising^ Transcripts of Parish Kegisters and rare

Innocence, First Edition Propert's Miniature Art Whistler's Etchings
and Dry Points Haden's tudes lEau-Forte-Boydell's 'Thames- Pedigrees
RIS. Visitations Drawings of Arms llubbings froni
AUTHORS' MSS., PLAYS, SERMONS, &c.,
.'i

Ackermann's Oxford and Pyne's Royal Residences French Illustrated Brasses Copies of Monumental Ins- riptions in all parts of Englanda
TYPE-WRITTEN with accuracy and dispatch, 8J. per 1,000, in- Books Stevenson's Works, Edinburgh Edition. 31 vols. IlluminBted long Series of Notebooks containing Hei^ldic and Genealogical Memo-
cluding paper and postage. Also Shorthand Miss N. E. Robinson, 8, Hora-, &c. randaa few Illuminated Heraldic Manuscripts, &c.
'Wostovor sea"*, Wandsworth Coimnon. London, S.W. May be viewed. Catalogues may be had. Catalogues on receipt of three stamps.

-;

N3899, July 19, 1902 THE ATHEN ^: UM 70

Jeicelleiy, China, iSilver, ami Plate, and 'r E E D N B U R H
Art coUectfd hv the late Mrs.
X/ie'/iehl
JA.\E HAHTLKV, Mrs.
Olj,ccts of II 1 Ci RE V I E W.
No
CHARLES LEVEY, ani GEOHGE McMINMES, E>q., 1. The Dl'.CLINE and FALL
401. JULY, Hm.'.

of the
8vo. price 0..

SECOND FRENCH EMPIUE.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
by order of the Executors.
:. W.^R and POETRY.
MESSRS. POTTICK ic SIMPSON will SELL 3. The ALBANIAN QUESTION.
bT AlTTl'ION, at their Galleries, Leicester Square, W.C on
47. .
4. The LASr VOYAGE of ULYSSES.
\\'K0NES1>.\Y, July
JEWELS
l':l. at ton minutes past 1 oclooW preciselv. the
I'HAKI.KS LEVKY, oi>iiipri^in);a iiiagnilloeDt
of the late Mr.
Knterald and Diamond Hrooch. two important Diamond Itronches \vith
5.

(i.
The CAUSES of ENGLISH SCENERY".
SOME R.ACIAL CONTRASIS in FICTION.
THE
Earincsen suite. *c. the OKI EN TA Land other CHINA collected by the
The ROYAL PALACES of LONDON.
;

late Mrs. JANE HAKl'LKY and the CHINA and UlUECTSoI ART
;
7.

the Property of the late GEl)K(;E M. MINNIE.-*, Esq.

On \iew two days prior.

Engravings, Water- Colour Dratcings, atid Paintings.

10.
8.

0.
VICI'OR HUGO.
MODERN ENGLISH
The -MAS'l'ERV of the PACIFIC.
U. The EDUCATION BILL.
and FRENCH DRAMA. CAMBEIDGE
AfESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL 11'. PEACE in SOU TH AFRICA

i-'X hy AVtrriON. at their Galleries, <7, Leicester Square. \V C Longmans, Green & Co, London, New Vork, and Bombay.

MODEEN
.

<>nFKIDAY, July I'a. at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, EN-

GRAVINGS, both Fran.ed and in the rortfolio. principally of the
Kni:li8h School, including a large collection after Hogarth also NOW HEADY.
I'ottralts Fancy I'rints Naval and Military Subjects Sporting and
\\ ater-Colour Drawings and Fitintings,
^MI E QUARTERLY
JULY, No. .'Sill. ia02. 6s.
REVIEW,
Coiilenls.
Library of Sporting Books, with Coloured Plates, the Property
AN IMPERIAL PILGRI.MAOE.
MESSRS. PUTTICK
by
of an Amateur goinr; abroad.

AVCTION.
& SIMPSON
at their Galleries. 47. Leicester Square.
will
W.C
SELL
CHARLES DICKENS. By Algernon
The ROMANCE of INDIA.
Charles Swinburne.
HI8T0EY.
on WEDNESDAY, July 30. a choice LIIUIAKY of Sl'OUTING HOOKS,
,
JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL.
with Coloured Plates, the Property of an AM.A'l'El'U. comprising The GOLDEN AGE of ENGLISH PROSE.
many rare and valuable Works, chietly in uncut state, including The DEPTHS of the SEA.
PLANNED BY THE
Annals of Sporting i:j vols, uncut Kowlandson's Comforts of Dath,
IT!*- ditto Miseries of Human Li'e, ISOS Gamonia, Ifyi; .\iken's MR. NEWMAN on 'The POLITICS' of ARlSfOTLE.
National Sports, ISio- Apperlej's Life of a Sportsman, ISli'-Tlic Com-

n d

inercialTourist. IS'2} Boccaccio's Decameron, ! vols Coloured Plates,
Confessions of an Oxonian. 3 vols,. IS'JU Egan's Life in London,
,
S.

9.
PAN-GERM.ANISM.
A FORGOTTEN POET George : Darley.
Late LORD ACTON, LL.D.,
Finish to Life in London and Carey's Life In Paris, 3 vols, uncut 10 TheCHANGING EAST. Regius Professor of Modern History.
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N;^S99, July 19, 1902 THE ATIIEN^UM SI

SATURDAY, JULY 19, 190S. sometimes even elephants, zebras, gnus, harte- wearing of clothes, as those who aro
boests, gazelles, reedbuck, waterbuck, oribi, acquainted with Westermarck's researches
and ostriches can be noted as the train whizzes or with the results of missionary enterprise
CONTENTS. over the Altri Plains, up the Rift Valley, and
PACE
over the green downs of Njoro."
among the Escjuimaux aro aware, but, for
Sir Habky Johnston ox the Uganda Puotectoratk 81
good or evil, the sober fact at the present
The Varietiks of Religious Experience 82 To those, again, who are concerned with day is that among the Kavirondo only a very
TuE HovsE of Percy 83 religious propaganda this country is of
North America
few chiefs and railway employes are wear-
Early History of the French in 84
special interest. They will remember how
The Holyhf_4D Hoad 86
ingtrousersand sweaters. Piers and wharves
Sir Henry Stanley spoke with Mutesa and
New Novkl? (The Couqueror; The Eveshams The at Port Florence may be springing up, but
;
decided to send his famous and fateful tele- they have not sprung and as to hotels, the
Searchers The La^e Keturning My Lady Peggy
; ; ;

goes to Iowa The Diamoiul of Evil Prophet

; ;
gram to the Dailij Telegraph, a telegram word is a picturesque description of mud
Peter; Scud) 8788 forwarded after many strange vicissitudes huts. Here, as also when tlie author speaks
Anthropology and Folk-lorb 88
by Gordon from Khartum. Anglican and
African Philology 90 of the daily navigation of the gulf of the
afterwards Roman missionaries poured into great lake, he seems to be foreshadowing the
KtCENT Verse f*!

Palestine and the Jews ^-

the country, and, thanks in part to the future, though, in his enthusiasm, he thinks
OlR Library Tahle (Papers from the 'Saturday feudal character of society, and in part to ho is describing the present. Another
Review '; History of Trinity Hall ; t'rora the Fleet
the preparatory influence of its legendary example of the same tendency to exaggerate
in the Fifties The College Student in the United
lore, Uganda was christianized.
;

States an Anthology)
;
92-93 The seed is to be found in a passage where he speaks
List of New Books 93 sown has borne marvellous fruit. of the suburbs of Mengo, the capital of the
The DisiiANDiNG of the Cromwkllian Army The ; To the zoologist the discovery and classi- kingdom of Uganda, extending almost as
Firefly in Italy of Facts
; A Question ;
fication of the okapi ( Okapia johtistotii) by far from the centre as the suburbs of London.
I RoiiERT Cromwell The " Housel or Earth "
;

The Livre d'Hevres of the DvivE of Clari:nce's

;

Sir Harry Johnston have provided one of By the way, we do not understand why Sir
Mothkrin-Law The Marriage and Burial
; the most startling of recent surprises. The Harry Johnston wishes to call this place
Ceremonies of the Old Persians; Bales 9496
skin and skull of this new quadruped, Mengo. That is, indeed, the name of the
Literary Gossip 96
which the author obtained from Mr. Karl king's quarter in this town of Seven Hills.
SciESCE Nailral History; Anthropological
Notes; Gossip 97-98 Eriksson, a Swedish officer in the service But the capital is now known to all Euro-
Fine Arts Art History and Biography Greek ;
of the Congo Free State, have been set up peans, officials and traders alike, as Kam-
Coins Miss Williams's Copies of Velasquez for the British Museum by Mr. Rowland pala, after the name of the hill which was
; ;

Oxford Topography; Sales; Gossip ... 99101

Ward. Whatever its exact shape in the first fortified by Capt. Lugard, and on which
Music 'La Princesse Osba'; Studies in Music; may
Gossip; Performances Next Week ... 102103 flesh prove to be, its particular im- the Government offices now are. " It has
Drama 'La VriNE"; Two Plays; Gossip ... 103-104 portance is due
to its size. It had been been sometimes known in times past as
thought that thequadrupeds were known,
all Rubaga, from the name of one suburb, and
and that only in New Guinea was there any Kampala from the name of another," says
LITERATURE chance of a new zoological discovery, and Sir Harry. No one reading this sentence
there, the fauna being similar to the Aus- would imagine that for many years Kam-
The Uganda Protectorate. By Sir Harry tralian, a new snake or bird, rather than a pala has been the accepted name of the
Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. 2 vols. new quadruped, is to be expected. The last place. A Uganda official, for instance, when
(Hutchinson & Co.) find of this sort, it will be remembered, was asked by a resident at Mombasa where he
Twenty years ago the astute schoolboy, that of the wild horse in Tartary a find was going to be stationed, if he replied
when given his choice of a sketch map to which was at first received with scepticism, Rubaga would, in all probability, not be
fill in, invariably chose Africa. He had but for it was thought to be only our old friend understood if he said Mengo, he would
;

to write down Cairo, Cape Town, Victoria the horse, which has been domesticated convey very little whereas, to any but the
;

Nyanza, and half a dozen other names, and throughout the period of history, run latest arrival, Kampala would be a familiar
the rest he might call Sahara. It is a wild, but it was proved before the Zoo- name.
different matter now. In every quarter of logical Society to be a real new (or old) AVith reference to the establishment of an
the great continent explorers, sportsmen, species. "Ex Africa semper aliquid novi." administrative centre, some Simla of British
missionaries, traders, and administrators Now that Africa has produced the okapi we East Africa, the author's suggestion of a
have been busy. In East Africa the explo- need not give up all hope of some other new capital to be founded at some suitable spot
rations of Burton and Speke were succeeded beast or bird. Perhaps some day that sea- on the railway on the Nandi Plateau seems
by the surveys of Stanley and Thomson and serpent which nearly capsized Sir Clement to be a good idea in itself, but somewhat
the exploits of Capt. Lugard. When the Hill on the Nyanza may be brought to land premature. Our knowledge of this side of
East Africa Company gave notice of with- and justify the persistent tradition of the the country is too recent and partial to
drawal a British Protectorate was pro- natives that a monster inhabits the waters of ensure the best site being chosen. Places
claimed over Uganda, and in 1899 Sir Harry the great inland sea. which in a dry season seem ideal become
Johnston started as Special Commissioner to On these and all other matters our author swamps in a very wet year. Probably it
set in order the administration of the Pro- has written in elaborate detail, and he has would be better to wait for some time until
tectorate. The changes, indeed, which he relieved the Blue-book aspect of his work by the lines on which the country is going to
did introduce were neither radical nor far- admirable pictures from his camera or brush. be developed are more clearly seen. A pre-
reaching, and, in our opinion, were con- But just as truisms are not always true, ference shown by European colonists for
ceived in that spirit of petty economy which so Blue-books are not always trustworthy. any particular district, or the discovery of
is apt to appeal to the Foreign Office rather In the hands of a writer so gifted with an precious metals in any given locality, may
than that of a wiser generosity. On his appreciation of the picturesque as Sir Harry alter the centre of gravity of the whole
return he has provided, in two splendidly Johnston's paintings prove him to be, facts territory. At present the position and
illustrated volumes, an account of the flora occasionally tend to become somewhat importance of Mombasa, as virtually the
and fauna, the history and prospects of distorted and to justify the reputation which only port of entry for both Protectorates, aro
this new land. His studies in colour of travellers have earned by their tales. Thus, such that inconvenience would certainly be
animal life are of extraordinary merit in describing the changes which are
; caused by transferring the centre of the
the coloured landscapes strike us as hard taking place in the Eastern Province, he East African Protectorate adniinistratiou
and less successful. remarks :
from that place. It will be time enough to
A country opened so rapidly to Western "The Kavirondo, alas are wearing trousers
! fix on a site for the now capital when tho
civilization teems with interest and offers and 'sweaters'; the sacred Ibises have left Nilo rcuito has lieen further opened and
Kisumu, for its swamps are drained. Piers and can
many a problem. Uganda to the average the tendencies of trade and colonization
traveller suggests the place where the best wharves, hotels and residences in corrugated bo more definitely predicted. For in nioro
iron are springing up in Port Florence,
destined inconvenience
shooting in the world is to be had, where tlian one instance expense and
even no doubt to be a great emporium of trade on the whicli might easily have been
avoided have
Victoria Nyanza. The dirty brown waters of and ill conBidcred
"the railway has come to the fore as a means of now daily navigated by sail- boon caused l)y a hasty
Kavirondo Bay are unsuitable
game preservation, so that from the windows of erection of station buildings at
ing boats and steamers."
his carriage the traveller may see positive virtue in the places.
zoological gardens let loo.se. Rhinoceroses, Now there is very little


8: THE ATHENAEUM N3899, July 19, 1902

The chapters in which Sir Harry Johnston from the note- book of a lady of more than suited Mr. Andrew Melville, but he does
discusses this and other matters of practical ordinary intelligence, who
attended at not tell us what Mr.Melville thought
importance show clearly enough that as Edinburgh University a course of lectures of the matter. In what sense does Mr.
Special Commissioner he was fully alive to on Biblical criticism. It would be interest- James consider this dialogue " real " ? His
the needs and capacities of the country. ing to see the note-books of the ladies who method is to collect accounts of private ex-
But every naturalist will rejoice that the appeared to grace the Edinburgh Gifford
periences for example, of conversion and
claims of the Uganda administration did Lectures of Prof. William James. He of mystical states, the " faith-state." He is
not prevent him from pursuing his anthro- must have amused his fair audience better thus confined mainly to Christian documents,
pological and zoological investigations in than " the Jehovist " did ; he must have though there are a few Buddhist and Stoic
the Congo forest. To those investigations also puzzled and perplexed them. The cases. Psychologically the uniformity of
we owe not only the discovery of the okapi, Gifford Lectures are so far " popular " that the experiences makes them very curious
but also the extremely interesting and valu- they are not academic. To address a vagrom and interesting, while the book shows, we
able chapter on what he terms the pygmy- audience of both sexes on the topic of Natural think, that, when judged by their fruits
prognathous type of negroes to be met with Religion is a difficult task, and the kind of happiness, content, and virtue these
in the forest regions and border-lands of of thing which may not bore such an mental conditions bear the test very well.
the Uganda Protectorate, and on the little audience too much may also look far from They are often accompanied by a total
pygmies of the Congo forest, negroid dwarfs, masterly in print. Consequently some revolution in tastes, passions, or habits.
who, with their baboon - like attitudes, Gifford lecturers preach one thing and Some confessors not only abandoned drink,
impish ways, quick gratitude, and unseen, print another but Mr. James prints what
; pugilism, and tobacco, on the moment and
spiteful vengeance, remind the author irre- he preached, and so his work is, more or for ever, but even felt no temptation
sistibly of the elves and gnomes and sprites less, a work of " popular science." For to indulge in these pleasures. Col. Gar-
in our nursery stories. This chapter is example (pp. 11-19), Mr. James encounters diner, after his celebrated conversion when
abundantly illustrated with excellent photo- the argument of popular science on the side waiting for a lady who did not keep tryst,
graphs, which add greatly to the value of opposed to his own, the side of " medical never afterwards felt any temptation to
a genuine contribution to anthropological materialism " and of Science Bits. His gallantry. By the way, Dr. Carlyle often
study. reply is not devoid of merit, but it is a heard the Colonel speak of his conversion,
Returning to the Protectorate, we find little "popular" in tone, and not without but never of the alleged accompanying
Sir Harry's account of the Masai less ex- its own fallacy. If the writers in Science vision of a great light, a " photism " Mr.
haustive. He does not note, for instance, Bits try to discredit the value of religious James calls the phenomenon. Certainly these
that they are largely employed in domestic experiences, on the ground that the subjects sudden temperamental changes accompany-
service in Nairobi, and make very satisfac- are " neuropaths," or victims of their ing conversion are "real," but what is the
tory "boys," a fact which is surely note- livers, Mr. James replies, " In the natural value of the evidence for a real relation
worthy in the history of that warrior tribe. sciences and industrial arts it never occurs with " higher powers " ? A lecturer to a
We are surprised, too, that he makes so to any one to try to refute opinions by show- Scottish audience might reasonably have
little mention of the power of Lenana, a ing up their author's neurotic constitution." selected a few of the many experiences nar-
remarkable and intelligent man, well dis- Thus, we presume, no opponent of Mr. rated in Covenanting memoirs. John Gib
posed towards Europeans. Through him, Marconi's views about " wireless telegraphy " had a photism when he burned the Bible.
indeed, all negotiations between the latter would reply by saying that Mr. Marconi was Mr. Welsh shone, to the gazer's eyes, in a
and the E.A.P. Masai are carried on. His neuropathic. " Opinions here are invariably photism, and a sense of personal relation-
power is largely maintained by a kind of tested by logic and by experiment." But ship with " higher powers " was preva-
secret service. In speaking of the im- how can the adversary make experiments in lent. What is the meaning and nature
morality of the Masai women, again, which religious experiences and ineffable spiritual of this "union," with " something more "
is leading to the extinction of the race, emotions ? Again, the work of the inventor, than ourselves, of which the personal
no mention is made of the fact that it is even if he be neuropathic, can be tested by records are so full ? Mr. James ad-
encouraged by their husbands on account all competent persons, but the work of the vances an hypothesis, adding, " Who
of the money they receive for their traflSc neuropathic religious genius is work, the says ' hypothesis renounces the ambi-
'

with Swahilisand Indian traders and coolies adversary may exclaim, in his own private tion to be coercive in his arguments."
in the Nairobi Bazar. neuropathy. As to the moral fruits of the He looks for a " mediating term " for the
But it is easy to pick a hole or two in a spiritual experiences of men of genius, we "something more" apprehended in reli-
work which covers a vast and varied field. value them as Mr. James values them but gious experiences, and suggests that " the
;

It is a more grateful office to acknowledge the adversary merely murmurs: " Tantum subconscious self" will serve the turn:
the energy and skill with which Sir Harry relligio potuit suadere malorum." "The suhco7iscious self is nowadays a well-
Johnston has amassed and edited informa- The method of the distinguished lec- accredited psychological entity, and I
tion. If the book seems as a whole too turer he himself describes thus :
believe that in it we have exactly
much a series of disjointed chapters which the mediating term required." " There
do not hang together on any thread of "These lectures which I am giving are
is actually and literally more life in our
a laborious attempt to extract from the pri-
plot or plan, it must be due chiefly to the total soul than we are at any time aware
vacies of religious experience some general facts
very thoroughness with which the Special
which can be defined in formulas upon which of." The lecturer, if we please, will not use
Commissioner has treated the botany, everybody may agree." the term "subliminal," if reck(med offensive,
zoology, anthropology, and all the other " as smelling too much of psychical research
ologies of his province. In collecting his Again: or other aberrations." He will speak of
facts he appears to have been verv ably "The religious phenomenon, studied as an " the B. region, obviously the larger part of
seconded by his subordinates, several of inner fact, and apart from ecclesiastical or theo- each of us, for it is the abode of everything
whom will, we hope, sooner or later, publish logical complications, lias shown itself to consist that is latent, and the reservoir of every-
the results of their studies in the ways and everywhere, and at all its stages, in the con- thing that passes unrecorded or unobserved."
lore of the natives of the Uganda Protec- sciousness which individuals have of an inter-
But science will answer that the B. region
torate. Any book, for example, from the course between themselves and higher powers is only a store of undeveloped negatives in
with which they feel themselves to be related."
pen of Mr. F. J. Jackson, now Deputy Com- the convolutions of the brain. How can
missioner of the E.A.P. would be of great But are these experiences real ? Mr. James the development of these negatives imply
,

value and interest. replies (p. 498), " As soon as we deal with "union" with "the more"? Mr. James
private and personal phenomena as such, we adds that the B. region is the source of
deal with realities in the completest sense of " our supra-normal cognitions, if we have
The Varieties of Religious Experience. the term."
Edinburgh Gifford Lectures, 1901-2. By
Now a private and personal any, and if we are telepathic subjects."
phenomenon occurred to the Eev. Robert Among the deeply religious, whose expe-
"William James, LL.D. (Longmans & Co.)
Bruce, of Kinnaird, in 1581. He con- riences Mr. James has been narrating, "the
"The Jehovist says Oh dear, how tire- ducted a dialogue with the devil, a door into this region seems unusually
some this is ! Do look at that woman's " higher power," and detected the enemy open." But what is it that comes in at
bonnet on the left." This is an extract in the act of lying. Mr. Bruce then con- the open door? It is, apparently, " a wider

N^SSOO, July 19,
self through which saving experiences
come," and a note cites Mr. Brownell
"Theinriuence of the Holy Spirit, exquisitely
called the Comforter, is a matter of actual
experience, as solid a reality as that of electro-
magnetism."
Mr. James himself writes
" That which produces efl'ects within another
reality must be termed a reality itself, so
I feel as if we had no philosophic excuse
for calling the unseen or mystical world
unreal."
Then he styles " this higher part of the
universe by the name of God"
" What the more characteristically divine facts
are, apart from the actual inflow of energy in
the faith-state, and the prayer- state, I know not.
But the over-belief in which I am ready to
make my personal venture is that they exist."
Mr. James goes on : all responsibility " for certain references to
" I can, of course, put myself into the
sectarian scientist's attitude, and imagine vividly
that the world of sensations and of scientific laws
and objects may be all. But whenever I do
this, I hear that inner monitor of which W, K.
Cliflbrd once wrote, whispering the word
" of Percy, as, indeed, we read a few pages
'
bosh :
'
"Whither have we come ? To a matter of
personal bias Mr. Clifford's inner monitor
!
would have "whispered the word 'bosh'"
as he read Mr. James's lectures. What
the inner monitor said is not evidence to
be sure, our author is not adducing evi-
dence, but making his personal confession.
And there is the end of the matter. The
"sectarian scientist" sees neurotic condi-
tions where Mr. James sees the presence
of the " something more."
It appears to us that he is impeded
by the fear of introducing psychical re-
search meat too strong for the babes of
Edinburgh. He probably holds that " supra-
normal " phenomena, not as yet to be
accounted for by the "sectarian scientist,"
are matters of demonstrated fact capable of
proof by external evidence. If so there is
really a "something more," whatever it
may be. That was Mr. Myers's line of
argument, and, we think, he did not pre-
tend to go further, and to speak of God
he was only beginning to try to understand
human personality.
It is not to be supposed that Mr. James
is unaware of such arguments as may be
urged against his method and his conclu-
sions. He avers that the utmost which
mystics can ask of us is to admit that their
experiences " establish a presumption." He
admits that such mystical experiences as
Mr. Bruce's dialogue with the Accuser of
the Brethren come from the same regions
of our nature as the
"To come from thence is no infallible
credential. What comes must be sifted
and tested," and "the higher mystical
flights" may be "inroads from the sub-
conscious life, of the cerebral activity
correlative to which we as yet know
notliing. . . . . The supernaturalism
^supra-
normalism ? to which they would per-
suade us may, interpreted in one way or
the other, be after all the truest of insights
into the meaning of this life." And Mr.
James thinks that " possibility and per-
mission of this sort are all that the religious
consciousness requires to live on." Tlio
book is entertaining, unlike most Gifford
Lectures, and persons who read spiritual
;
1902 THE ATHENiEUM
books for the anecdotes, like a character of
:
George Eliot's, will find the volume much
to their taste.
A History of tlw Uouse of Percy.
:
Brenan. '1 vols. (Freeman tie.)
This work the second in a series of his-
is
tories of our great houses, of which Sir
Herbert Maxwell's House of Douglas was
' '
the first. Like its predecessor, it is
"edited" by Mr. W. A. Lindsay (Windsor
Herald), whose introductory notice leaves us
: in considerable doubt as to how far he is
responsible for any of the statements it con-
tains. He has had, we read, "no oppor-
tunity of conferring with the author, with
many of whose opinions and remarks " he
" cannot altogether agree"; and he disclaims
the supposed plebeian origin of great states-
men." Wehave observed no reference of
the kind open to question, save the state-
ment that Cecil, whom Mr. Brenan de-
tests, was " the son of Saxon peasants,"
whatever that may mean. Can it be that
Windsor Herald has the fear of the Cecils
before his eyes ?
Mr. Brenan' s own preface is
apologetic, excusing " sundry discrepancies "
by the fact that the whole plan of the work
; was changed while it was passing through
the press. He failed also, we learn, to
obtain access to the MSS. at Alnwick and
Syon House, and was dependent therefore,
for manuscript sources, on those preserved
at the Public Record Office. Another
result of this faQure was that he has been
compelled to make extensive use of
De Fonblanque's History of the Percys,'
*
a rather unsafe guide. As the two volumes
extend to some 900 pages, one would have
been glad of a summary of the salient
points of the story, which either Mr. Brenan,
with his spirited style, or Mr. Lindsay, who
writes with dignity and grace, could, no
doubt, have produced. But the former con-
fines himself to alluding to the
the character of the Percys after they
abandoned " their native borders " for life
on "city soil"; and the latter makes his
brief introduction the vehicle of some ohiter
dicta on the subject of Catholics and Protes-
tants, which historians will receive with
some surprise, and to which we shall have
occasion to recur.
The task of writing tho history of
a family, and even of a great his-
toric house, is one which presents
much difficulty. The writer must possess
a sufficient knowledge of many periods
nobler mysticisms. and subjects, and must further be able, by
the merits of his style, to carry the reader
with him, for the history of a family has
its longueurs, is at times extremely dull.
Mr. Lindsay holds that these volumes "are
well arranged, well written, and of great
interest" and we may say at once that a
;
talo which is well worth the telling has lost
nothing of its interest or its fire at Afr.
Bronan's hands. But, as Froude has shown,
the skilled narrator may be anything but an
accurate historian and Mr. Brenan, whoso
;
sympathies, thougli opposed to Froudo's,
appear to be at least as strong, can be quite
as inaccurate and as careless. Strangely
enough, it is on points of genealogy,
heraldry, sphragistics, and peerage law that
8;]
he goes mobt astray, altliough liia uthor
errors are historically more serious. The
first line of Percy was founded, as is gene-
rally known, by a follower of the Norman
Duke, who received at his hands a groat
By Gerald fief inYorkshire and Lincolnshire, but not,
as Mr. Brenan adds, in Essex. While re-
jecting the absurd pedigree which derived
this Percy from Mainfred, a contemporary
of Polio, the author actually believes that
the Norman lord of Percy was " Count of
Caux and Poictiers" (!), and treats it as a
" fact " that the Duke's follower "married a
Saxon lady, called by the chronicles '
Emma
de Porte,' probably because she inherited
Semer, near Scarborough, then a notable
seaport." She was, on the contrary, a
daughter of Hugh de Port, a Norman baron
in Hampshire. His son, again, did not
make " a powerful and illustrious alliance,"
for his wife was not the " granddaughter
of Count Baldwin of Flanders"; and the
fourth of the line did not acquire the great
Petworth estate in Sussex, which was first
acquired by the founder of the second line
further on and this founder, Joscelin of
;
Louvain, although here exalted as " indu-
somewhat bitably " descended from Charlemagne, was
of doubtfully legitimate birth. The old
exploded story that when he married the
Percy heiress he insisted on retaining his
paternal arms, which became those of the
Northumbrian house, is of course here
repeated and, while on heraldry, we may
;
mention, without unnecessary comment,
that, according to Mr. Brenan, " the ancient
arms of Percy Azure, five fusils in fesse or
lost none of their prestige while " the
Percy who died in 1120 " bore them upon
his shield." The "friar" who figures on
the next page as a " forest priest " in York-
shire involves no worse anachronism.
It was not till 1309 that Alnwick came to
the Percys, and then only by purchase.
With its acquisition they entered into the
fulness of their power. The first (died
change in 1314) and second (died 1352) Percys of
Alnwick were great fighting men. The
illustration of the former, from his seal,
charging sword in hand, is followed by one
which purports to represent the second lord,
but which is obviously taken from a seal of
the middle of the twelfth century, and is not
even, we think, that of a Percy at all. Surely
it might have been possible to secure some
expert revision which would have at least
averted such a blunder as this, the persistent
repetition of " Ingelgram,"and the insertion
of a " de " before such names as Basset, Bri-
were, or Tesson. The story of the Percys is
a stirring tale from the days of the second
lord ;it is illumined by the names of Nevill's
Cross, Otterbourne, Nesbitt Moor, Homil-
down Hill, and Shrewsbury. In tho mean-
while a freak of fortune had brought tliem
the Egremont inheritance by bo(iue8t. For-
feited in I'lOH and again in IIOI, liio
honours of the great Nortliern liouso wore
twice rohtored to its heirs, but lost again by
the sliare of Sir Tlioinas in tho luckloss
" I'ilgrimago of Grace." Tho earldom was
created anew for liis son in l.').')7, and Aln-
wick once more recovorod, but tho leading
part taken by tho earl in thogrfat Northern
Rising led to liis downfall and doatli.
Wofool it a duty tu protont against the
treatment of this episode by Mr. Brenan

84
And we do so in the interest
and his editor.
of historic truth. The story is told at great
length, and Mr. Lindsay makes a special
point of it, observing that
" the Percy history indicates how worse and far
under
inexcusable was the Catholic persecution
Elizabeth and James than was that of Pro-
testants by Queen Mary. The author is not
personally known to me. I assume that his
sympathies are Catholic. But after every effort
to resist his the reader of these
influence
volumes cannot fail to be convinced, and, if he
is candid, to conclude, that our
popular school
histories, written in the Protestant interest
and to flatter the national vanity, are far very
far from veracious."
It but justice to Mr. Brenan to say
is
that he institutes no such comparison he
confines himself to the Northern Rising,
and we need not, therefore, enter on so wide
a question as that of " the Catholic persecu-
tion under Elizabeth." But when his editor
assures us that "many original documents
little known to the general public are here
revealed," we are compelled to point out
that the bias of Froude, at which Mr.
Brenan sneers, positively pales beside his
own, and that his use of "documents" is
even more amazing. Such vague references
for his statements of fact as " Lansdowne
MSS." or " Cotton MSS." are bad enough
but when we come to such absurdities as
"Cotton MSS. Book III., 161," "Cotton
MSS. Calig. Book VII.," " Cotton MSS.
'
Caligula,' Book I., 125," we cannot help
concluding that he is ignorant of the manu-
scripts he affects to quote. The ridiculous
" Book" is found in at least ten foot-notes,
and other references to MSS. are most un-
satisfactory. But even Mr. Brenan's igno-
rance of MSS. is surpassed by his reck-
less use of the evidence they contain.
Of Cecil, "the most cunning and unscru-
pulous man in England," he tells us that
"Alva, that 'man of blood,' could not
have played the master-butcher more coolly
than this Puritan closet-minister," citing
for authority, from Sharpe's Memorials,' '
one of "his official letters," which letter, as
shown by his own authority, was from Sussex,
not from Cecil. Queen Elizabeth is made
to write that "quite enough valuable time
was wasted in the hanging of a Papist,
without allowing him the benefit of trial,"
on the authority of " Sharpe Memorials,'
;
'
p. 153," where there is no such statement,
and, indeed, no letter from the queen. Mis-
statements of fact, erroneous dates, and
garbled quotations jostle one another in
these pages. The character of the rising is
said to have been determined by an impos-
sible letter from the Pope received at an
impossible time. It is alleged that Eliza-
beth's letter to the two rebel earls "was
really sent on November 13th, but
cepted and delayed by Cecil until the 19 th,"
although the reference given contains
nothing to suggest it, while the letter is
actually known to have been dispatched on
the 10th, the day it was written, to have
reached Sussex at York without delay, and
to have been forwarded by him to the earls
at once. On the next page we read
"On the night of November
umberland retired to rest
TopclifFe
at
Shortly before dawn word came
that the castle
was surrounded by the troops of Sussex, and
that several retainers had been wounded and
taken prisoners. Lady Northumberland
;
THE ATHEN^UM
aroused her husband. He sprang from
couch, hastily armed himself, and passed through
Sussex, on demanding the sur-
the park, itc
render of Topcliffe, found only Northumberland
there to meet him."
At the time when this is said to have hap-
pened Northumberland was at Brancepeth
and Sussex at York !
Worst of all, we notice the suppression of
the words " and continued after the pardon
proclaimed" from Sussex's letter of Janu-
ary 8th (not January 4th), 1570, which,
moreover, did not announce "the hanging
of 314 Papists from Durham alone," for the
executions had not begun. A page or two
further the author similarly omits the words
" for it is necessary that th' execution be
;
grete in apparance in those two places, though
ther be the lesse or none in other places,^'' which
are essential to the sense of another letter
from Sussex. Need we multiply instances ?
It is a monstrous thing that Mr. Lindsay
should charge "our popular school his-
tories" with deliberate unveracity on the
authority of a writer whose recklessness is
equalled only by his bias. Let him con-
descend to acquire at least some knowledge
of the subject, if not from the dispatches of
Don Guerau and our own State papers, from
the works of one who was no " Puritan,"
the late Bishop of London.
Mr. Brenan thinks he may be blamed for
discussing at excessive length the claim to
the earldom of Northumberland on the death
of the last Percy earl in 1670. We
do not
blame him for devoting some fifty
the subject, but for assuming in both volumes
that there must have been an heir to the
earldom. He characteristically asserts that
"a certain country gentleman in the
minds of such careful antiquaries as Surtees,
Hunter, and Young, was entitled, after the
decease of Earl Josceline, to call himself
Twelfth Earl of Northumberland.' Eef erence '
to his (miscited) authority proves at once
that these writers made no such statement,
for they were well aware that the old earldom
was still under attainder. Mr. Brenan,
true, rashly plunges into the mysteries of
peerage law to show that this claim would
not be affected by an attainder but he only
; travels, which formed the third volume of
succeeds in showing that he has wildly
misapprehended the point decided in the
Ormonde case (1791). We
cannot think
that Mr. Lindsay shares in this delusion or
imagines with Mr. Brenan that, in a pro-
prietary action, trial by combat was con-
ducted before " a court of honour that
characteristic institution of the period"
(fifteenth century), over which the king's
justices appear to have presided Not to
part in disagreement with the author, we
may credit him with his freedom from that
" Percy- worship " which used to irritate Mr.
inter-
Freeman, and with a well-deserved tribute
to Lord Tullibardine, whose father (and not
the Duke of Northumberland) is the re-
presentative of the later Percys. The
introduction of tabular pedigrees supplies
a want that was evident in the House of
'
Douglas '; but the illustrations are far lees
attractive, though Mr. Eailton's sketches
:
are graceful and pleasing.
13, North-
N 3899, July 19, 1902
his
History and General Description of New France.
By the Eev. P. F. X. de Charlevoix, S.J.
Translated and edited, with Notes, by Dr.
John Gilmary Shea. With a New Memoir
and Bibliography of the Translator by
Noah Farnham Morrison. vols. (Ed-
wards.)
We are very glad to see this handsome new
edition of the late Dr. Shea's excellent
translation of the well - known work of
Charlevoix, still a leading authority on the
early history of the French settlements in
North America. It is about thirty years
since Dr. Shea's version first appeared,
and as it is not readily accessible to
the student in this country the new
edition is opportune at a time when so
much interest is justly taken in the his-
tory of colonial origins. The reputation of
Charlevoix as a trustworthy historian has
somewhat risen since Gibbon to whom
Dr. Shea oddly referred in his preface as
a guarantee for the merit of the work de-
scribed his book as " well written, curious,
and unfaithful." Dr. Shea, who probably
had a wider acquaintance with the original
narratives of the early French missionaries
to North America than any scholar of his
time, took occasion in his foot-notes to cor-
rect Charlevoix when he departed from
authentic documents, and the result is a
book which no student of the early coloniza-
tion of North America can afford to neglect,
either for its narrative of the exploits of
pages to the pioneers of New France or for its pic-
turesque descriptions of the manners and
customs of the Indians, to christianize
whom was the chief object of the work
which it records. It is strange, as Dr.
Shea said, "that while nearly all the other
works of the French historian can be found
in our language, no attempt has hitherto
been made to present to English readers the
history of a colony which passed under
English rule." The '
Biographie Univer-
selle,' indeed, states that an English version
it is of the work was published in London in
1769 ; but this appears to refer to the
translation of Charlevoix's journal of his
his work, and which Dr. Shea wisely
omitted, since his task had already grown
to a rather alarming bulk. While the
student will value this complete reprint
but com-
to which Mr. Morrison's brief
pendious account of Dr. Shea's extensive
labours on the early history of North Ame-
rica adds value
the limited and expensive
form of the work places it beyond the reach
! of the average reader, for whose benefit we
should like to see a cheap and handy reprint
It is a book of
of the translation by itself.
such fascination and interest that it ought
to be a success.
Theearly history of the French in Ame-
rica is well worth reading in the easy and
flowing narrative of Charlevoix, for it would
be affectation to suppose that the average
reader is familiar with its presentation in
the more accurate pages of Parkman. The
achievements of the hardy fishermen of
Britanny and Normandy, who were catch-
ing cod on the banks of Newfoundland
within less than a decade after Columbus
had discovered America the wonderful
;
voyage of Cartier the exploits
;
of the chival-
rous ('hamplain and the adventurous La

N" 3.^99, July 19, 1902
Salle, who first traced tlie course of the
Mississippi, furnished ample material to the
experienced journalist for Charlevoix was
the editor of the best of French periodicals
in the first half of the eighteenth century,
the Journal de Trivoux. In his pages, for
instance, we find the fullest account of the
romantic exploit of the Chevalier Dominic
de Gourgues, which still has power to stir
the blood " as with the sound of a trumpet."
The first French settlement in North Ame-
rica roused the jealousy of the Spaniards, to
whom the Pope had solemnly granted the
best half of the New World. The French
settlershappened to be Hugiienots, flying
from the wrath of Catherine de Medicis and
the Guises to the sunny coasts of Florida.
As Huguenots they could not be expected
to recognize the validity of the Pope's
grant, but they also fell within the ban
the "Holy War" which was everywhere
declared on Lutherans in the devout six-
teenth century, and most of all in Spain.
France and Spain were then at peace, but
the Spanish Adelantado astutely combined
Ealeigh's later doctrine of " no peace beyond
the line *' with the common duty of Catholic
humanity to extirpate heretics. He came
down with an overwhelming force on
Coligni's little colony, which was taking
root and promising to flourish in the new
land of Florida. When a parley had been
opened the Spaniard's uncompromising
declaration was as follows :
*'
I am Pedro Menendez, general of this fleet
of the Catholic King, Philip II. I have come
to this country to hang and kill all the Lutherans
I find in it, or meet at sea, according to the
orders which I have received from the king my
master and these orders are so formal, that I
;
am not at liberty to spare any one. I shall
accordingly fulfil them to the letter but when ;
I have taken your ships, if I find any Catholics,
I shall treat them kindly : as for the heretics,
all shall die."
One of the French ships escaped, but the
rest, along with the whole of the little
colony, ultimately fell into the hands of the
Spaniards. A
few Catholics who happened
to be among them were kindly treated, but
the great majority, adhering to their Lutheran
creed, were ruthlessly butchered.
were stabbed, some flayed alive, some
Some
burnt, some pole-axed. The corpses, after
being used with all indignity, were hung
on trees by the site of the settlement with a
label thus inscribed "These are not treated
:
thus as Frenchmen, but as heretics and
enemies of God." When the news of this
massacre readied France the miserable
government of Charles IX. and his detest-
able mother took no notice of the affront
offered to their flag and honour.
"The king's subjects, who had ju.st perished
in Florida at the hands of the Spaniard.s, were
regarded by most of those then in power, less
as subjects, than as creatures of the most deadly
enemy which religion and the prince then had."
But there were a few gallant Frenchmen
whose blood boiled within them at the story.
Dominic de Gourgues, a Gascon gentleman
who had been trained in the wars against
Spain, though himself a good Catholic, felt
a call to avenge the " slaughtered saints."
He enlisted a hundred and fifty picked
soldiers, mostly gentlemen of birth, and
with these and eighty mariners sailed from
Bordeaux in 1-5G7, ostensibly on a slaving
THE ATHEN^U^I
expedition to the Benin coast. When he
was safely at sea he opened his mind to his
followers in a stirring speech, which breathes
some of that fervour which one " Spanish
fury" after another roused in the breasts of
our own Elizabethan adventurers. "This,
comrades," he said, after depicting the fate
of the French colonists,
"is the crime of our enemies. And what will
ours be, if we defer longer to avenge the insult
offered to the French nation ? This induced me
to sell all my property this opened the purses
:
of my friends. I have counted upon you
have deemed you sufliciently jealous of the
glory of your country to sacrifice life itself on
an occasion of this importance. Am I deceived ?
I hope to set you an example to be ever at
your head to take on myself the greatest
;
" All this she marked from
dangers. Will you refuse to follow me ?
This spirited allocution raised the spirits
of
of Gourgues's followers to his own pitch.
The Spaniards had continued to occupy the
French settlement, in numbers considerably
greater than those of the little French band.
Descending silently on the Florida coast,
and enlisting enough natives who had
already learnt to hate the Spaniards to
add superiority of numbers to that of gal-
lantry, Gourgues surprised first one fort and
then the other. Charlevoix thinks that he
ought to have " scored off" the Spaniards
by treating them with the mercy which had
been so conspicuously lacking in their own
behaviour. The natural man finds it hard
to withhold sympathy from the course which
Gourgues actually took, though its " wild
justice " is marked with the somewhat vio-
lent spirit of the age which saw St. Bartholo-
mew and the Antwerp fury. Gourgues
" had all his prisoners brought to the same spot
wliere the French had been massacred, and
where Menendez had engraved on a stone these
words I do not this as to Frenchmen, but as
' As she approached Three Rivers, without well
:
to Lutherans.' He reproached them with their
cruelty, their perfidy, their violation of oaths
then hung them all on a tree and instead of
the former inscription, put on a pine board '
I :
do not do this as to Spaniards but as to
traitors, robbers,
"
and murderers.'
Charlevoix's book is a rich storehouse of
curious details about the manners of the
North American Indians and the struggles
too often the martyrdoms of the heroic
French missionaries. There is a charming
naivcU in his description of the difficulties
and excitements of proselytizing among
Hurons and Iroquois. " Some have been
met," he says,
" who had no doubt loft as to the most incom-
prehensible articles of our faith, and who pub-
licly avowed it, but would not listen to any
suggestion of their conversion As an Iroquois
lay on his death-bed, some fire fell on the robe
which covered him. As he saw them endeavour-
ing to extinguish it, ho said It is not worth
:
while. I know that I shall burn for all
eternity whether it begins a little sooner or a
;
little later, is not worth all the trouble you are
taking.' Old missionaries have assured me that
these ca.ses of despair are not as rare as would
naturally be supposed."
As a specimen of Charlevoix's Indian
anecdotes we may quote his narrative of an
Algonquin woman's exploit, which is as
good as anything of the kind in Fenimore
Cooper :
"She had been for ten days a
Mohawk village, and was as yet
of her final doom. She had, however, more
ground for fear than for hope
So
had been stripped toLiUy naked on enter-
ing the village, and had been unable to
obtain
self.
the least thing to cover
One night, while lying as usual in a
her-
cabin, bound hand and foot with cords which
were made fast to as many stakes, and sur-
rounded by Indians who lay on the cords, she
perceived that they were all sound asleep. She
immediately endeavoured to extricate one hand,
and succeeding in this, without much ditticulty
unbound herself completely. On this, she rose,
went softly to the cabin door, took a hatchet,
and brained the one who lay readiest to her
hand. She then sprang to a hollow tree, large
: I
enough to conceal her entirely, and which she
had already observed quite near the cabin. The
noise made by the dying man soon roused the
;
whole village and as no doubt was entertained
;
of their prisoner's flight, all the young men
started in pursuit.
her shelter, and she perceived that her pursuers
all took one direction, and that the rest had
returned to their cabins, leaving no one near
her tree. She immediately stole out, and taking
just the opposite direction from that of the
braves, she reached the woods undiscovered.
No one thought of taking that direction all that
night but when day came, her trail was dis-
;
covered and followed. The start she had gained
gave her two days over her enemies. On the
third day she heard a noise. Being on the bank
of a lake, she waded in up to her neck and
:
the momentshe perceived the Mohawks, she
plunged entirely under, behind some flags,
under cover of which she put her head above
water occasionally, to breathe and watch. She
saw her pursuers, after a careful scrutiny all
around, retrace their steps. She let them get
to some distance then she crossed the marsh
;
and continued her route. She travelled thirty-
five days, living solely on roots and berries. At
last she struck the St. Lawrence, a little below
St. Peter's Lake and not daring to remain in
;
the neighbourhood of the River Sorel, for fear
of being surprised by some Iroquois war-party,
she hastily made a sort of raft to cross the river.
knowing where she was, she discovered a canoe,
and fearing lest it might be an Iroquois, she
:
:
plunged into the depths of the woods, where
she remained till sunset. She then approached
the river again, and a moment after perceived
the fort of Three Rivers. Almost at the same
time she was discovered by some Hurons, whom
she recognized. She immediately hid herself
behind a bush, and cried out to them that she
was not in a state to show herself decently, and
begged them to give her some covering. They
threw her a robe, and when she had wrapped it
around her, she came up and was brought to the
fort. Here the account she gave of her adven-
but so many
tures was with difticulty credited ;
similar examples occurred subsequently, that at
last nothing of the kind any longer excited .sur-
prise. Men comprehended, at last, that fear of
death or torture can make the feeblest under-
take and accomplish what the most hardy would
not, under other circumstances, think of attempt-
ing."
Hist-oh !-Hist herself could not have sur-
passed the exploits of this dusky heroine.
'
Charlevoix's book is full of such tales, as
well as of gruesome descriptions of Indian
tortures which
sufficiently explain the
words just quoted. Wedo not know
any more entertaining work of the kind,
and repeat our hope that it may be
placed within the roach of the average book-
buyer.
prisoner in a
ignorance
in
;
because she

86
The Holyhead Road : the Mail- Coach Road to
Dublin. By Charles G. Harper. 2 vols.
(Chapman & Hall.)
We are always glad to see work by Mr.
Harper. He is an enthusiast as to every-
thing concerning coaches and the old coach-
ing days. In fact, all things relating to the
king's highway are attractive to him, and
therefore he makes them interesting to his
readers. We have aforetime read several
books from his pen, all of which contained
information of the right sort, communicated
in a pleasant manner, though blended here
and there with statements of opinion on out-
side subjects, some of which were out of
place. The present volumes are the best of
the series, though they, too, are flecked with
extraneous matter with which we would
willingly dispense. Mr. Harper evidently
holds strong opinions on certain debatable
questions. Hereditary legislation, peers
who have lent their names and influence
to company promoters, enclosures, and the
mineral rights of landowners and loi-ds of
manors all of these are subjects worthy of
serious consideration, but we do not wish to
devote ourselves to them when occupied by
the humours and terrors of the road. With
these exceptions, and that of an attack on
the Welsh people, which is in such bad taste
as to be comparable with the things said
by French and English people of each
other during the fury of the great war, we
have little but praise to give.
Few people who use any part of the
Holyhead road, now fallen from its high
estate, know the causes which brought it
into being. It was not until 1780 that
stage coaches ran between London and Holy-
head. They followed nearly the present
road, which was so well known before it
was in a great measure superseded by the
railway, but the track was about as bad as
can be imagined, and in not a few places so
dangerous as to be the cause of frequent
catastrophes, many of which were fatal.
Before the coaches were put on the road
men and women found their way as best
they could, so that an expedition into these
western parts must have been as formidable
in anticipation, and often in reality, as a
journey through the Highlands of Scotland
before the days of General Wade. Eobert
Laurence, an energetic Shrewsbury inn-
keeper, was the author of the innovation.
When his coaches were on the road the
journey of nearly 280 miles took three days
if all went well, but time indefinite if acci-
dents took place or the roads were more than
usually foul. Laurence was, however, not
the first to endeavour to provide regular
coach accommodation. One ran at intervals
in that direction as early as 1657. Mr.
Harper is not able to discover much regard-
ing it. was probably soon discontinued,
It
and those among the more affluent who were
compelled to travel there was little going
to and fro for pleasure in those days rode
on horseback. " Thickly wrapped in riding
cloaks, and with jack boots up to their hips,
they splashed through mud and mire," doing
the journey in about six days when, as
Mr. Harper says, "they were both active
and fortunate." Those who were not bent
on going over sea probably for the most
part rode their own horses, but when the
Channel had to be crossed the steeds were
; :
THE ATHEN^UM
hired. What the price may have been
per
mile in earlier days we do not know. In
1035 the charge for a good horse was 1\d.
per mile, and the price had risen in the last
year of the Protectorate to ?>d. How did
the poor travel who could not afford horse-
hire ? Probably there were stage waggons
which went between one town and another,
but it is unlikely that any of them performed
the whole journey. If the travellers were
dependent on the local waggons, no small
part of the journey must have been per-
formed on foot.
There had long been discussions as to
improving the Western road. It was a
scandal to England that her communication
with Ireland was so slow and attended with so
much danger, but for a long time nothing was
done. The first practical idea was to compel
the various parishes to mend their several
highways. Twenty-one parishes between
Shrewsbury and Holyhead were thereupon
indicted. The law was clear enough, but it
was found virtually impossible to put it in
force. The penalties nominally incurred
would, enforced, have brought ruin on the
if
tenants and the landlords alike. Whatever
the law might be, there was a manifest
injustice in compelling the few parishes
through which the road passed to provide
for a national concern. The local people
were satisfied with the tracks that had
been good enough for their forefathers. If
the great men in London wanted to intro-
duce a different order of things it was they,
not the people who were unfortunate enough
to dwell near the roads that led to Ireland,
who must find the money. Years might
probably have passed without anything
effective being done had not the union
between England and Ireland become an
accomplished fact. Then was developed a
very real Irish grievance. The members no
longer met in their own land on St. Stephen's
Green, but had to journey to Westminster.
This they found so tedious and hazardous
that they at once raised the question of the
improvement of communication. We do
not call to mind that any Irish member was
killed or even robbed in his passage from
one country to the other, but there cannot
be a doubt that the journey was often dan-
gerous. The Government were aroused to
the necessity of doing something, so, without
an unreasonable delay, Telford, who was
regarded as the greatest engineer of his day,
was employed to plan the needful changes.
What was the state of the road before Tel-
ford's improvements may be gathered from a
Parliamentary Blue-book from which Mr.
Harper gives some interesting quotations.
" From Llangollen to Corwen," we are told,
" the road is very narrow, long, and steep has ;
no side fence, except about a foot and a half of
mould or dirt, thrown up to prevent carriages
falling down three or four hundred feet into the
river Dee. Stage coaches have been frequently
overturned and broken down from the badness
of the road, and the mails have been overturned.
At Dinas Hill the width of the road is not
more than twelve feet at the steepest part of the
hill, and with a deep precipice on one side two
;
carriages cannot pass without the greatest
danger."
The report assuredly does not exaggerate
the precipices are there still, and where
the new road does not follow the track
of what it superseded the old highway
may, in many
places, still bo traced.
N3899, July 19, 1902
There was another reason, as well as delay
and danger, for calling in the services of
Telford. The expenses of going from London
to Ireland were enormous. The author has
been fortunate enough to recover the diary
of an excursion made in 1787 from London
to Ireland. The party consisted of a coach
and four, a postchaise and pair, and five
outriders. These last, we may be sure, were
retained not for mere show, but as a pro-
tection against highwaymen. They reached
Holyhead in four days, which for the time
seems rapid travelling perhaps, however,
;
the expedition took place in the summer
when the roads were dry. The expenses
when they reached the coast amounted to
77^. 1. 3f/., and crossing St. George's Chan-
nel caused a further outlay of 37/. 2.s. \d.
No wonder that in those days few English-
men visited the sister isle.
The work which Telford accomplished
was well done, and, in view of the times
in which he lived and the necessity to
avoid delay, he seems to have carried it out
without needless expense. He had, too,
if we do not mistake him, a certain appre-
ciation of scenery which has been absent
in some of his successors.
We wish we had space to follow Mr.
Harper from one inn to another along the
route, for each one has a history. Few of
our institutions have changed more in the
last century than the country inn. Now our
hostelries are mostly the property of com-
panies or of large breweries, and the landlord
is but a tenant-at-will, often of a very migra-
tory kind formerly he was, in many cases,
;
the owner of the house he occupied, which
had come down to him from his forefathers.
When not in that happy position he was
frequently regarded as a fixture, as much as
the squire or the parson. In the small
towns and villages he had a well-ascertained
status. He knew all the people, gentle and
simple, for several miles round, and it was no
uncommon thing for the great men of the
place to drop in and have a chat with him
and with the strangers who had a temporary
abode under his roof, for he was the channel
through which the news of the neighbour-
hood circulated, and he had a daily stock of
facts and fictions such as could be supplied
by no one else. (Sometimes he was even so
extravagant as to take a daily newspaper,
which afforded a constant excuse for paying
him a visit. He went regularly to church
with his wife and family, and even some-
times rose to the rank of churchwarden,
the highest social dignity which could be
aspired to by those who were not distinctly
among the gentry. He was occasionally,
though not by any means always, a model
of sobriety. When this happened he gave
a tone to his surroundings which it is not
easy for us to realize. It was of such a
man as this that the epitaph-maker wrote
But still, dear friends, do not lament
Your publican is gone,
The New Jerusalem hath no inns
Or Robinson had held one.
Railways have changed all this except in
We
a few very secluded places. are possibly
more prosperous, certainly less picturesque.
A hundred years ago almost every inn had
its pictorial sign
sometimes two if it had
a double entrance now such ornaments are
;
nearly all gone their places stand empty, or
:
are disfigured by some vulgar advertisement.

N-'SSOO, July 19, 1902
Mr. Harper calls Bilston " asecond-
hand looking place." We hope no Bilston
man will hear of his remark. If such an
event occurred we should by no means like
to be held responsible for the results.
Bilston people are proud of their town,
perhaps because, in a sense, they regard
themselves as martyrs. Though the place
is not what once it was for the coal is
thought to be nearly exhausted, and the
Bilston grindstones have not the popularity
they had in former days there is an amount
of shrewd intelligence among its people
which would surprise those who judge from
outward appearance only. The real cause
of the decay of the town, so far as it has
gone, we believe to be not so much industrial
as the dread caused by the first great cholera
epidemic. In that terrible year Bilston is
said to have suffered more than any other
town of England.
its sizeWhether
in
this be we do not know, for
strictly correct
we fear no statistics exist which can be
trusted but the author is quite right when
; all," asks Mrs. Atherton,
he says that help had to be volunteered
by the neighbouring towns to give decent
burial the dead. Villages are said to
to
have been absolutely depopulated by the
Black Death and the Plague. As to the
former of these pestilences, there cannot be
much doubt of the truth of the tradition.
Had Bilston been a mere agricultural village,
not a centre of mining industry, it is highly
probable that all the surviving inhabitants
would have fled from the pestilential dis-
trict in 1832.
The author includes a pleasant account
of Thomas Kenyon, of Pradhoe, the great
coaching celebrity of the earlier years of
the last century, who was regarded as " the
most popular man in the county."
We
also find a sketch of the career of " Jack "
Mytton.
NEW NOVELS.
The Conqueror. By Gertrude Atherton.
(Macmillan & Co.)
The jaded novel-reader should award to
Mrs. Atherton the praise which the King of
Brobdingnag allotted to the man who could
make two ears of corn to grow upon a spot
of ground where only one grew before. It
is hardly too much to say that she has
invented a new kind of historical novel. In
'The Conqueror she has undertaken to
' Meanwhile the neglected wife comes to see
the true and romantic story of
'
narrate '
Alexander Hamilton," the great American
stateeinan whose glory is only second to that
of Washington himself in the early history
of the United States. Earely has a novelist
thus ventured to take a great historic figure
for the hero of a romance, though Macaulay
began to do as much for Cajsar in what has
been aptly called the most tantalizing bio-
graphical fragment in literature. As a rule,
the great figures of history play in fiction
only secondary parts our interest centres
in D'Artagnan or Quentin Durward or
Col. Esmond, while the Red Cardinal and
Louis XI. and Marlborough make but a
darkling and incidental appearance. Mrs.
Atherton has been bolder than any of her
predecessors. At first, she tells us, she
intended to write a formal biography of
Hamilton
"in a more flexible manner than is customary
with that method of introducing the dead to the
" ;
THE ATHEN^.UM
living, but without inipiiui;ing upon the
of fiction."
But when she familiarized herself with the
details of her subject, and made
"a wider acquaintance with the genenilly
romantic character of his life, to say nothing
of the personality of this most endearing
extraordinary of all our public men,"
the instinct of the novelist carried her away.
She deliberately began to write a novel in
which all the recorded facts of Hamilton's
career found their place, whilst she was free
to use her imagination in just those parts
where the biographer working a century
after his hero's death is usually at fault.
He is forced to leave the most intimate
springs of character and action in obscurity
outward facts in the
to set forth the
most convincing fashion which a strict ad-
herence to veracity allows. The result here
is so successful that we may expect to see
the method copied by other writers. There
"After
is a great deal to be said for it.
a character novel but a dramatised
'
' what is
biography ? We
strive to make our creations as
real to the world as they are to us. Why, then,
not throw the graces of fiction over the sharp
hard facts that historians have laboriously
gathered ?
Hamilton offered a peculiarly good oppor-
tunity, for (to English readers at least) the
details of his life are by no means familiar.
If Hamilton had never existed we should say
that Mrs. Atherton had in this volume pro-
duced one of her most striking stories. As
it is, we need only say that the experiment is
a remarkable success, though we like best
the early chapters, in which the novelist's
imagination has the most unrestricted range.
The Eveshams. By Edmund White. (Hurst
& Blackett.)
The saying of Terence, " Lovers' quarrels
are the renewal of love," would have been
shorter and hardly less appropriate than the
five lines from Euripides which the author
has chosen for the motto of his new work.
Austin, Earl Falthorpe, a full - blooded
eighteenth-century nobleman, having lost
the affections of a wife given over to
Methodism and pious works, supplies her
place with another lady, who regards her-
self as wedded to him in all but name.
that she has failed in sympathy, and resolves
to win back her husband's love, never
dreaming that it must be shared with a
rival. The discovery separates them once
more, and Earl Ealthorpe is left stranded
between two women equally dear to him.
In the scenes which follow Austin's grimly
humorous search for the informer, the agony
and self-sacrifice of Letitia, and her meeting
with the Countess the author is at his
best. Besides the principal characters,
Janet iJerian, a jealous widow, and Law-
rence Devenish, an admirable friend, are
skilfully drawn the wise child, Rowland
;
P>esham, is rather trying, as he is doubt-
less meant to be. The .story ends tragically,
but justly. It is well written, with no
waste of words or straining after effect
and that alone (as novels go) would make
it distinguished.
87
territory
The Svarclurs. ByMargarottaByrde. (Fisher
Unwin.)
Tuis is the second volume to be issued in
Mr. Fisher Unwin's "First Novel Series."
Some of the good points noted in the first
and book of this series appear in 'The Searchers,'
but it is in their faults that the two approach
one another most intimately. There are
150 closely printed pages in the present
volume, four books, and an epilogue, and
we find, to speak roughly, a fresh batch of
characters to every other chapter. It is the
most prolix and incoherent novel with which
the reviewer has struggled for a long time.
The writing itself is not so ill done, but the
construction is slipshod beyond belief, and
the head of a practised chess-player might
be made to ache by a conscientious attempt
to grasp the whole. In the opening chapters
the reader is introduced to a heroine,
who enters a newspaper office as a
lady journalist. There may be such news-
paper offices as this one in some parts of the
kingdom, but the reviewer has never heard
This is of no great importance,
of them.
however, since we lose sight of both heroine
and newspaper office in the course of a few
chapters, and find ourselves being enter-
tained, and bewildered somewhat, by the
vicarage set in a pretty Welsh village.
There are " county " folk, a handsome young
priest who philanders with the wronged
and beautiful second heroine, a rather well-
drawn doctor who marries the third heroine,
a vicar who jilts, and a curate who flirts, a
taste of divorce, a few pages of dalliance
with spiritualism, a trial for fraud, a murder,
an attempted suicide, and various other
persons and matters of importance sketched
in these pages in a desultory, casual manner,
without apparent reference to any particular
scheme.
The Late Returning. By Margery Williams.
(Heinemann.)
Mk. Heinemann has not been so fortunate
Luxe " series, in which
in his " Novelette de
the present is the fourth volume, as in his
"Dollar Library." "An' come round 'ere.
they did, eleven o'clock Friday night, an'
woke us all up to tell us to illoominate."
That is the opening sentence, and the rest of
the first page is all the same. Later we find
ourselves in the midst of a sort of mild
which an irritating young
revolution, in
American journalist skips about among
street barricades in an absurdly purpose-
less manner, the reader being asked to
consider his slightest movement he lights
a fresh cigarette, or blows a match out, or
takes some equally sensational stop upon
nearly every page and to pay heed to his
every futile oath or observation. Nobody
does much, beyond talking in a slangy
manner in one- or two -line paragraphs,
until one reaches the last page, and gathers,
with vague relief, that the heroine, now
dressed in boy's clothes, is shot as a rebel.
Up to that moment she appears to have
devoted her time exclusively to endeavouring
attract attention to herself in crowded
to
streets. The story does not seem clover to
us, nor do we find it amusing.
 88
My Lady Peggy goes to Town. By Frances
Ay mar Mathews. (Grant Richards.)
Tins specimen of the kind of more or less
historical romance which at present finds
favour with our kinsmen across the Atlantic
has a certain trijiping easiness of movement
which may atone to the uncritical reader for
its lack of historical vraisemhlance and even
for its weakness of
construction. Lady
Peggy leaves her home in the country and
goes up to London in hopes of meeting a
sweetheart whom she has wantonly dis-
missed, though loving him dearly in her
heart. She arrives with her maid at the
chambers of her twin-brother situated,
according to her noble father, in a " beastly
environment " assumes male attire in the
shape of one of his suits, and, passing herself
off as her lover's rival, goes through a
variety of exciting adventures, in the course
of which she barely escapes hanging as a
highwayman, and saves the life of that
peerless gallant Sir Percy de Bohun. Were
it not that Beau Brummell is introduced as
a leading personage, we should be inclined
to put the story back at least to the days of
Queen Anne but even at that comparatively
;
remote period we doubt if assassination was
as rife in England as the author would have
us believe. To her, however. Macaronis
and Mohocks, Wills's and White's are all
one. The duels, moreover, smack rather of
modern France than of the days of English
highwaymen. On the whole, we prefer
Lady Peggy when she is in the country,
and are disinclined to accept her statement
that she always loathed a hoiden.
The Diamond of Evil. By Fred Whishaw.
(Long.)
" There is nothing new under the sun," and
the ramifications of this very ordinary story
do nothing to modify the dictum. It deals
with extravagant adventures by flood and
field, which concern a diamond of fabulous
worth, torn from the head of an Indian
idol. Placed for security in the drum of
a revolver, it becomes, through a strange
mischance, the instrument of death to one
of its ravishers, and is recovered, after a
lapse of twenty years, from the remains
of its unfortunate victim, only to find a
final resting - place in the depths of the
ocean.
Insufficient advantage is taken of
the romantic glamour which Oriental colour-
ing lends even to the most sordid surround-
ings, and errors are prevalent in details
which ought not to have escaped the ob-
servance of the most casual globe-trotter.
As a whole the narrative is wanting in deli-
cacy of treatment, is bizarre, crude, and
sketchy, and might with advantage be very
materially condensed.
Prophet Peter. By Mayne Lindsay. (Ward,
Lock & Co.)
This is an unconventional and somewhat
ambitious story, containing much that is
comnaendable, but of far too morbid and
imaginative a tendency to convince. The
hero is a child of the soil who from early
youth has dwelt in a world apart, peopled
by the creations of a disordered organiza-
tion.
Gifted, apparently, with sec )nd sight,
_
inherited from an obscure parent, Prophet
Peter electrifies his little coterie
by
THE ATHEN^UM
anticipating a fire at his uncle's mill. This
in itself is enough to convince the simple
villagers that upon the youth has fallen the
mantle of Elijah. Thus encouraged in his
self-deception, he developes into a mystic
humbug who sees in his occult power the
hand of the Almighty. The scales are, how-
ever, torn from his eyes by a disreputable
father, who reveals to his son the origin of
his " spirit of prophecy." Maddened and
ashamed, he meets an inglorious death
under the wheels of a runaway gig. Two
other characters stand out in relief,
alleviate in some measure the sombre,
almost impossible tone of the story.
Scud :
Henham.
the Story of a Feud.
(Burleigh.)
By Ernest G.
This is a capital story of the rough.
life in
The plot is skilful and intricate altogether ;
three feuds, and not merely one, as the sub-
title suggests, run their course in these pages.
The characters are at once picturesque and
natural, a combination only possible where
the scene is laid in some corner of the earth
which the advancing tide of civilization has
not reached and the central conception, the
;
terrible end of the destroyer of " Formic
City," is not unworthy of Victor Hugo's
grandiose imagination. That it is impossible
any one familiar with Lord Avebury's book
about ants will be very chary of asserting.
The quaintly-named gambling quartet add
a touch of genuine humour, and a soi-disant
Indian maiden, who proves to be the
daughter of a Scotch adventurer, the neces-
sary feminine element. Our only complaints
against Mr. Henham are on account of his
meaningless monosyllabic title, the absence
of a map, and a style occasionally forced to
the point of obscurity.
ANTHROPOLOGY AND FOLK-LORE.
Fables and Folk- Tales from an Eastern Forest.
Collected and translated by Walter Skeat.
(Cambridge, University Press.) ^During the pro-
gress of the Cambridge expedition of 1899
through the remoter states of the Malay Penin-
sula, Mr. Walter Skeat found time to take
down from the lips of some of the peasantry a
number of good and, from a folk-lore point of
view, interesting little stories. Their interest,
perhaps, does not consist in the fact that there
is anything very new in them so much as in
the fact that there is not. Puss in Boots and
' '
the wily fox of our fairy and folk tales are repre-
sented, as Mr. Skeat informs us, in the Ma-
layan by
"a small chevrotain which is to be found in almost
every part of tbe jungles of Malaya. It is commonly
called the Malayan mouse-deer; but in spite of its
name it belongs rather to the antelope tribe, the
heel-bone (os calcis) of its hinder leg projecting in
a way which, I believe, is never seen" in the true
deer. Its eye-teeth, too, are curiously long and pro-
jecting, and its hoofs are cloven to an extent which
in so small a creature is really remarkable. At the
same time it is a most beautiful little animal, wifh
big dark pleading eyes and all the grace and elegance
of a gazelle. It is a favourite character in Malayan
folk-tales, in which it is credited with such inex-
haustible powers of resource and mother-wit that it
is often given the name of Ment' ri B'lukar,' the
'
Vizier of the Underwood (or Brush)."
No difficulties, indeed, are too great for it to
overcome. It baffled the shark, which, instead
of dining on it, furnished it with the same meal.
It baffled even King Solomon, and it overcame
the tiger by subtlety. Mr. Skeat is anxious to
ascertain to what extent the native " Soother-
of-Care," as the village story-teller is designated,
" may tell his tale in words of his own choosing,
without alienating the interest of the Western
N3899, July 19, 1902
reader," and we hasten
to assure him that he
may tell as many more
stories of this kind as he
likes without any fear of doing that. Grown
people will enjoy them for their novelty, and
children have infinite patience with varie-
ties of diction. In this little book they have
new stories well told, no demand is made on
their patience, and Mr. F. H. Townsend's illus-
trations will be attractive to them.
r/ie Mohawk Valley: its Legendi and its
Ilistortj. By W. Max Reid. With Illustrations
from Photographs by J. Arthur Maney. (Put-
nam.)
The valley of the Mohawk River
and extends from the town of Rome to that of
Schenectady in the central portion of the State
of New York. The river itself joins the
Hudson at Troy, to the east of Schenectady.
Mr. Reid essays to tell the history of the
various towns and settlements in this pleasant
valley land, from Henry Hudson's discovery in
1609 of the river that now bears his name to
1780, and he has been aided by a competent
photographer in illustrating his story and show-
ing the native beauties of the country. He has
not, however, furnished a map of the district,
which would have been of great assistance to
the reader in following a rather discursive nar-
rative. The author writes in an attractive style,
and has produced an entertaining and instructive
work. In the district in question remains are
occasionally found of the ancient Indian forts,
yielding flint implements and pottery of uncer-
tain date. Hudson sold to the Dutch his rights,
such as they were, over the lands he had dis-
covered, but the country along the Mohawk
River was left to its Indian owners for long
afterwards. The first European to visit it was
Arent van Curler, who, with two white com-
panions and five native guides, penetrated into
the Mohawks' territory in 1634, and appears to
have made a good impression upon them. In
1642 Isaac Jogues, a Jesuit missionary, was
proceeding along the St. Lawrence River under
the care of a party of Huron Indians, in twelve
boats, when the party was attacked by Mohawks,
and Jogues was taken to one of their " castles."
Van Curler (or Corlear), hearing of the capture,
went with a companion and interpreter to the
spot and sought to obtain the release of Jogues
and his lay colleague Goupil. Goupil was shortly
afterwards killed, but Jogues remained in the
custody of the Indians for ten months, when he
escaped to Canada. In 1645 he was sent by the
French Government of Canada to the Mohawks
on a mission of peace. He returned to their
castle and was tortured and murdered.
When Van Curler arrived at Albany after
his unsuccessful attempt to obtain the release
of the missionaries he reported that the Mohawk
country was the most beautiful that the eye of
man had beheld, and in 1661 he succeeded in
purchasing a considerable quantity of land from
the natives, where in 1662 he established the
settlement of Schenectady. It was successful
from the beginning, and by 1670 formed a
township sixteen miles long and eight miles
wide. It was divided into farms or fiats, and
the descendants of the original owners may be
found in nearly every town in the valley.
Meanwhile, in 1663-4, the Dutch rights
passed to the English, and the country reaching
from Canada to the town of Albany ultimately
became Albany County inthecolony of New York.
The infant settlement lived in continual alarm
from the aggressions of the French of Canada
upon their Indian neighbours, and at times from
the warlike attitude of those neighbours them-
selves. They intrenched their settlement in a
stockade, and built a blockhouse similar to the
Indian castles but, what was more important,
;
they gradually acquired the friendship of the
Mohawks. By degrees other townships were
settled along the course of the river, and the
village of Rotterdam still has in its near neigh-
bourhood the oldest remaining house in the
whole valley the Mabie house, erected about
1680. It is built of stone, with a steep roof,

N3809, July 19, 1902
and shows the original small paned windows
and rude but substantial construction. It has,
close by, a detached dependent building of
brick.
In later times a figure that occupies a large
space in the history of the valley is that of Sir
William Johnson, who came to it in 1738
and died in 1774. The mansion in which he
resided for twenty years, now called Fort
Johnson, is within a mile of the city of Amster-
dam. He was made superintendent of the
Indians, and gained great influence over them
by just and honourable treatment, so that he
was invested by them with the rank of a Mohawk
chief. Of him and other early colonists, French
and English, Mr. Reid has many romantic
stories to tell.
ZuFii Folk- Tides. Recorded and translated
by Frank Hamilton Gushing. With an Intro-
duction by J. NV. Powell. (Putnam.) In
1878 Mr. Gushing accompanied the Steven-
son expedition to New Mexico and found his
life's work. The expedition returned, but he
remained among the Zufiis, won their afl'ection,
learned their language, was initiated into their
secret societies, and studied them at his leisure.
The result has been shown in several valuable
papers published by the Bureau of Ethnography
and in other works, and the record is now com-
pleted by this delightful series of folk - tales,
which is, alas a posthumous publication.
! denoiiment of it, and till he has read a few more
Mr. Gushing afterwards entered upon other
successful explorations,but his study of the
was enough to establish his reputa-
-Zuiii tribe
tion. We gather from an observation made by
him in the Journal of American Folk-lore that
it was his intention to add to the work intro-
ductory as well as supplementary chapters
essential to the proper understanding of the
many distinctively Zuni meanings and concep-
tions involved in the various allusions with
which these stories are teeming. No doubt
such an addition would have been of great value,
but the tales speak for themselves, and the
other writings of Mr. Gushing supply so excel-
lent a general view of Zuni myths that we may
accept with profit and with gratitude what he
has been able to leave us.
The stories are full of evidence as to the primi-
tive customs, traditions, and beliefs of these
people, who have occupied for so long the same
territory and handed down their lore for so
many generations. There is one, however,
which brings into high relief the invention and
poetic faculty of the people. Mr. Gushing was
in the company of three Zuuis (among them
old Piilowahtiwa and Waihusiwa, accomplished
story-tellers, whose portraits adorn this book),
and was called upon in his turn to tell a story.
He responded with the familiar Italian accumu-
lative tale of the cock and the mouse. A year
after Mr. Gushing was present at a similar
gathering, when Waihusiwa was called on for
a story, and gave a Zuni version of the same
Italian tale: "In the town of the Floods
Abounding (Venice) long ago there lived an old
vroman, of the Italy people, who, in the land
of their nativity, are the parental brothers of
the Mexicans, it is said" and he proceeded to
; broad axe-like blade, was adorned on the blade
develope the story with infinite poetical detail,
and to derive from it moral lessons, with
theories of the origin of the appearance of the
cock's comb and of the mouse's tail, that threw
floods of light upon the genesis of similar myths
and the genius of the races that have produced
them.
The
incident of the supernatural birth, which
is 80 common an element of religious belief
appears in many of their stories. The sun is
usually the agent, and the result is twin boys,
who engage in a number of adventures, usually
with a good object, as to rescue the innocent,
to circumvent the cunning, or to punish the'
violent. They live with their grandmother, who
seeks ineffectually to restrain them from their
rash undertakings, and whom they always evade.
The relation of grandmother, indeed, appears to
THE ATHENAEUM
be a favourite with the Zuni story-teller. The
boys' residence is upon the twin pinnacles of
the Thunder Mountain, a magnificent rock that
overshadows the terraces of Zuni. Besides
their divine origin as children of the sun-god,
they have relations with the animal deities, who
hold a large place in the Zuni theology, their
grandfathers being the rainbow-worm and the
turtle. Many of the stories load to explana-
tions of the reason why animals have assumed
their present shapes and parted with the ele-
ments of supernatural dignity and power which
they are supposed once to have possessed, and
which earned them the reverence in which they
are still held.
Major Powell's introduction is well meant,
but we are bound to confess that it does not add
much to the knowledge of the subject which
the stories themselves aftbrd. The publishers,
indeed, claim for the stories.that they open for
the writer of fiction a new and fantastic field of
inspiration. We think that, to avail himself of
it, he would require some infusion of the Zuni
genius, which is not very apparent in writers of
modern fiction. We can commend the work
not merely to the specialist, who will find in
it ample material for the comparative study of
myths and traditions, but to the general reader,
who, if he takes up one of these stories, will
hardly lay the book down till he has seen the
of them. It is not often that a book which is
scientific, and mainly valuable for tracing the
origin of savage customs and beliefs, aft'ords so
much romantic incident and imaginative charm.
Maori Art. By A. Hamilton. Parts 3, 4,
and 5. (Wellington, N.Z., the New Zealand
Institute.)
These three parts complete the
work commenced five years ago by the
Registrar of the University of Otago, who
desired to create a permanent record of
the native art workmanship of the Maori
race. It has been produced under the super-
vision of a committee appointed by the New
Zealand Institute, consisting of Sir James
Hector, Mr. Percy Smith, and Mr. Edward
Tregear, all well - known authorities on the
subject. Part 1 related to canoes part 2 to
;
habitations. The three parts now before us
relate respectively to weapons, tools, and agri-
cultural implements ;to dress and personal
decoration and to social life. The work in its
;
entirety forms an encyclop;cdia of Maori art,
and the Institute, acting as publisher, declares
it to be the finest book yet published in New
Zealand. The author has been occupied for
twenty years in gathering together the
materials.
The weapons of the Maori, in shape and
substance, take kindly to their characteristic
forms of decoration. The broad tongue of the
taiaha, rising out of a shaft crowned with a
conventionalized head, is covered with spiral
ornaments carved in the hard wood. The
ordinary narrow fighting spear had similar
conventional carvings on the shaft, and some-
times a chevron ornament leading up to the
point. The tewha-tewha, a weapon with a
with the characteristic spirals. A spear with
two points in the British Museum, though not
so highly ornamented as some other speci-
mens, is believed to be uni(iue. The clubs of
polished greenstone assume a variety of elegant
forms, but are from the nature of the material
not 80 elaborately decorated as those made of
wood. Several forms of weapon made of bone
are also carved.
For agricultural purposes the principal
implement is the digger, from (> to 10 ft. long,
with its ornamentally carved step or foot-rest
attached about 12 or 18 in. from the point.
Mr. Hamilton classifies the tools used for general
purposes into cutting tools, rasping tools, striking
and crushing tools, and perforating tools. A very
effective cutting or sawing tool is formed by
inserting a row of shark's teeth in a richly
S9
decorated wooden handle. A fine specimen of
the carved handle to a stone axe, crowned by a
complete human effigy, is figured from the collec-
tion of Major-deneral Kobley. The snares and
implements used in hunting rats and birds for
food have been studied by Mr. Elsdon Best,
and the ancient methods of bird snaring have
been described by Tamati Ranapiri the ;
valuable writings of both these authorities are
(juoted at some length.
The dress or clothing of the Maori called for
a dirterent style of ornament. Its principal
material was the native fiax. On this subject
also ]\Ir. Best's testimony is important, as he
has gathered the particulars of the arts of
weaving, preparing, and dyeing various fibres
from the last home of that industry in the
Urewera country. The principal colours used
in dyeing are red-brown, old gold, and yellow.
A black dye also is used. These colours are
mingled and contrasted with good taste. The
mats, cloaks, and other garments thus made
were worn in graceful folds. Gloaks were also
formed of dogskin, and cloaks of sealskin are
mentioned in Maori history. For a headdress,
feathers and the beaks of birds were used.
Women's girdles were in some cases made of
strands of scented grass. A feather cloak, of
black and white feathers arranged in squares, is
figured from the .\uckland Museum. Some fine
specimens of ornamental weaving and plaiting
are figured from the British Museum.
The Maori taste for ornament and personal
decoration was very pronounced. He painted
himself with ochre or red earth, he dressed his
hair in elaborate plaits, he hung heavy pend-
ants to the lobes of his ears, he garnished his
neck with beautifully carved pendants of green-
stone, and, above all, he had himself tattooed
in the most elaborate fashion. This is a sub-
ject which has been treated by Major-General
Robley in his book on Moko or Maori Tattoo-
'
ing (Athenmim, No. 3003), and he contributes
'
to the present work a drawing of four of the
tattooed heads in his collection. They confirm
his conclusion that "the native artist in moko
must be entitled to the credit of great origin-
ality and taste in his patterns, and his skill was
such as to class him among the world's artists."
The social life of the Maori is not treated at
great length. The arts of pleasure, the games,
the toys, the " bull roarer," the war dances, the
athletic amusements, are passed under review.
It is interesting to observe among the games
one similar to that of " knuckle - bones,"
played with five round pebbles, a game the
almost universal distribution of which has been
lately studied by Mr. E. Lovett. The art of
music was greatly in favour with the Maori.
The songs of the operator soothed and encouraged
the patient, man or girl, who was undergoing
the torture of the moko. As Mr. W. B, Baker
showed in his paper read many years ago before
the Ethnological Society, the songs of the Maori
are humorous, pathetic, warlike, and mytho-
logical. They have their jokes, tlieir love-songs,
their laments, their dirges and find a poetic
;
element in allthe circumstances of life. Among
their musical instruments are the gong and the
" pakuru," which, though it is played by merely
striking one .short stick against another, appears
to produce an excellent effect, if the following
pretty little song is to be believed :
Listen now, my lady love,
To my Kweet-souiiilliiK pukuru,
Setidiii({ forth its melody.
UesouiKliiiK far 'tween eclioinjf clifft.
Ureal liiiiK lorlli my love to you,
As soft, fts dew on lenvee,
Sounding from hill and dnle,
ArousiiiK from sweet sleep
fjhc who lUls my nlKlitly dreams.
Various kinds of pipes or flutes are also used.
Trumpets are made of shell, of wood, and of the
calabash. The jew's-harp appears to have been
a favourite instrument.
An excellent feature of the work is the
glossary of words provided. In some cases the
definitions sui>i>licd arc full and complete,
 ' " '

90 THE ATHEN^UM N3899, July 19, 1902

rendering it exceedingly useful for reference.
Alike in tlie illustrations and in the text, the
work forms a comprehensive record of the arts
of a people who possess not only a high degree
of physical development, but also interesting
mental characteristics that are well worthy of
the study that Mr. Hamilton has devoted to
them.
AFIUCAN nilLOLOGY.
An introductory manual for persons who
have neither time for nor (perliaps) much
interest in Bantu philology is Mr. Fred.
Eyles's Zulu ^clf-Taiujht (Capetown, Juta &
Co.). The arrangement of the matter is
excellent, and the lessons, having been tested
by actual practice, are clear and free from
Four were dictated to Dr.
of the narratives
the remaining three were written
A'elten ;
two by Mtoro bin Mwenyi Bakari,the other
by Abdallah bin Kashid, who crossed Africa
in 1891 as nijanipara to Count Gotzen, and
died in 1897. These last are, naturally,
more carefully composed, and in more correct
Swahili the others, however, are .surprisingly
;
clear and connected accounts, though, as might
be expected in the circumstances, somewhat
long-winded.
Sleman bin Mwenyi Chande describes a
trading expedition into the interior which he
undertook, with some companions, in 1891.
He seems to have gone to "Tabora, in Unya-
nyembe, thence to the Fipa country at the
southern end of Tanganyika, then, after cross-
ing the lake in canoes, to Lake Mweru, return-
now the Sultan of Italien [the forms of the jjroper
names show that Selim s learning was imbibed
through the medium of the German language] is
causing work to be done in digging out those towns,
in order to difcover how it was that the fire
destroyed them. And tliey have succeeded in dig-
ging up many things there in those towns. And it
is a wonder a man may see the people who lived
there, just as they were, on that day, long ago, when
the fire came down When we anchored, many
boats came, some bringing passengers, and some
carr)iDg people having trumpets, mandolines
[vinanda^j, and tambourines [maiari]. Small boy&
and women and men came, playing on these instru-
ments, and dancing and singing, and holding out
umbrellas to ask for pice. And others brought
fruits and other things for sale every sort of
thing which is sold. These people are very bad
indeed tlieir custom is to steal. And they know
how to make game of people and to rob them."
The second extract relates to Russia :

that suporHuous matter which often highly ing by way of Mamtawe and Unyamanga, which
interesting in itself only serves to em- lie between Nyasa- and Tanganyika, and so
" Those men who were
"boys"] at the hotel [Europa, at St. Petersburg]
waiters [mahoi, i.e.,

barrass the beginner. We should question
the statement on p. 6 that "the difference
between the two sounds of hi and dhl is much
like the difference between the th in the Eng-
lish words 'thigh' and thy " a distinct
' '
element, absent in the former, being intro-
north-eastward to Ugogo, and through the
are not at all of the tribe of the Russians, they are
desert of Marenga Mkali back to the coast. Germans [watu iva kid/-utschi] or Tartars. And
We have had some little difficulty in checking these Tartars are Moslems. The boys who waited
Sleman's progress on the maps at our disposal, at our table were all Moslems. When I asked them
which is probably not so much his fault, tliough for my food and for that which I wished to drink,,
some lapses of memory would be excusable they were astonished [and said] ' do you not Why
eat pork nor drink wine I answered, I do not .'
' '

duced into the latter. But nothing is so diffi-
cult as to give an account of sounds in print,
even if one has recourse to the whole array of
Lepsius's diacritical marks. We have never
heard ama-ha for graves (p. 30), but always
after a two years' interval (the account was
dictated in 1893), as that of the maps. Even were
all the minor details more than approximately
correct when first laid down, they could not
long remain so African villages in those
;
drink wine nor eat pork because I am a Moslem.'
And they answered that they too were Moslems. I
thought they were making game of me, and eaid..
'
How is it that you are Moslems in this country ?
They said, Our tribe is called [that of] the Tartars,,
'

and the Tartars are Moslems.' I did not believe

atiuiliha, the singular being not ili-ha, but
i-liba (contracted from ili-liba); but possibly
this may be a mere typographical slip which
has escaped the author's attention in fact, a
formidable list of errata shows what he has
parts are constantly changing either their sites
them. I thought they must be telling me lies. I
or their names. Sleman, by-the-by, in almost got up and went to my room and rang the bell, and
every case, gives both the name of the village a boy came, who knew German, and I asked him,.
; and that of the chief or headman, thus showing '
What people are these who do the work at our
that in the covmtry traversed by him, at any table ? ' He answered, They are Tartar?.' I said,.
'

'What their religion?' He said, 'Islam.'

suffered at the hands of his printer. As this rate, the former has a distinct name of its own.
is
And the Moslems of that country eat horseflesh. I
book was written atBulawayo, where natives of Thus: "We departed, and went, and slept was much astonished at this, because, among us,
many sorts are congregated, it is possible that at KisaiQso and the headman [mkubiva] of horseflesh is forbidden [mal-ruh]. but among them it
a critic conversant with the best speech of Kisanso, his name is Kitula. And in the is lawful [halaW]. And their [sect of] Islam is that
Zululand proper might take exception to some morning we went on to Choma and the head- of Sunni they say their prayers and read [the
;

points in it but these could no doubt be cor-

; man of Choma is called Kaputa," &c. This
rected by inquiry on the spot, and it is, con-
fessedly, only a "stepping-stone to the more
learned, abstruse, and voluminous grammars
already published." As such it is well calcu-
lated to fulfil its object, and a small exercise-
book of the sort is badly wanted. The best
handbook, Colenso's First Steps in Zulu
'
(shortly, we hope, to be reprinted), admirable
as it is, is scarcely adajited for beginners and
the Rev. C. Eoberts's Zulu-Kafir Simplified,'
'
besides being a larger and more expensive
work than the one before us, is in many points
open to criticism. We should mention that
Mr. Eyles has provided a key to the exercises.
If our classification of languages (like the
table of nations in Gen. x.) is to be geographi-
cal, then the Taal counts as an African lan-
applies to greater chiefs (so-called " sultans ")
as well as to mere lieadmen, with the exception
of Mlilo, in the Marungu country, whose town is
known simply as " Mlilo's" (marked on maps
as Pamlilo) while the Sultan of Kabwire, on
; peans, which make these documents exceedingly
the other hand, appears to have no name of his
own, only a territorial designation. Sleman's
story is a somewhat depressing record of small
; and sometimes great annoyances, both from
the wiles of sultans and the perils of the
wilderness and the profit netted by the party
; linguists the German version will be of least
after settling accounts at Zanzibar 500 dollars,
say fifty pounds seems scarcely sufficient to
tempt future speculators, especially when we
have to set against it the loss of thirty-two
members of the caravan, some killed by wild
beasts, but most in fights with hostile tribes.
Koran] very often."
Of a different character are Mtoro's two-
accounts of journeys into Udoe and Uzaramu,
with copious and apparently careful notes on
the customs of tribes little known to Euro-
valuable from an ethnographical point of
view. The German translation, which seems
to be accurate enough, will make them acces-
sible to such students as do not find it worth
their while to master the Swahili tongue. For
help when most wanted, as it is almost always^
too free to throw any light on difficult con-
structions. A word-for-word translation
would be somewhat awkward, and Dr. Velten
avowedly aims merely at giving the general
sense faithfully in a readable form but the ;

guage. It is an interesting phenomenon philo- On the whole, the narrator has some excuse following sentences will show that the reader
logically,as lately pointed out by Prof. Hessel- for his pessimistic conclusion that " if a man is in no danger of being demoralized by toO'

ing; but it never was, as some imaginative has not yet travelled on the Barra (the main- '
' much assistance from his "crib" (p. 46):
writers have asserted, the official language of land) " he does not know the troubles of this " Tukenda zetu hatta kwa Mawala.
the late Transvaal Government, whicli used a world." At the same time, the narrative And we went our [way] as far as to Mawala's.
perfectly correct (from the grammatical purist's itself is not without indications that the ver- Tukapanga, tukapeleka inahongo.
point of view), but somewhat antiquated, Dutch sions of the sultans might have been worth And we pitched our camp, aad sent tribute, and
in fact, the Dutch of Van Eiebeek and the hearing. akakataa. Tukamwambia, Unafanya ugorofi '

States Bible. The colloquial Afrikaans '

'
'
'
'
Selim bin Abakari, our next traveller, accom- he refused it. And we said to him, You are makmg '

the Taal proper is, besides being a curiosity, panied Major von Wissmann, in 1891, on the ex-
pedition undertaken to place a German steamer
wa nini tena
bad luck of what, again ?
Akatwambia. Nataka
And he said to us, I
.'
' '

'

a fairly easy language to learn, and very neces-

'

on Lake Nyasa. This journey, by way of Chinde mwende mkanisayidie kupiga

sary to the traveller or settler in the inland
districts of Cape Colony, as well as the Trans- and Blantyre, is interestingly described, espe- want you should go and help me to fight the
cially the parts dealing with the almost unknovm Wahehe. Ndio mahongo wangu, kwa sababu
vaal. An attempt has been made to supply my Wahehe
a guide to it in Elcmentaru Lessons in Cape ivashenzi, north of the lake
the Wankondeand Wahehe. This is tribute, because the
wakachukua ng'ombe zangu,
Dutch (Williams & Xorgate). Wasango. Two other journeys of Selim's cover Wahehe huja usiku.
entirely different ground he took a trip to come by night, and lift my cattle, till they are-

Safari m Wasiiaheli (Beisescliihleruncjen in Berlin in 1894, and in 1896 accompanied one

:

hatta zimekwisha zote."

"

Suahelisprache). Von Dr. C. Velten, Lehrer of his former patrons, Dr. Bumiller, through finished all.'

des Suaheli am Seminar fiir orientalische Russia and Siberia. We Tuheyula, of course, is for tit-lca-enda. Between
quote a short passage
Sprachen. (Gottingen, Vandenhoeck & from each, translating as literally as possible, this and the following there should surely be
Ruprecht.) ReiseschiUleriDificii der Suaheli. in order to preserve the quaint charm of the room for an accurate and yet not uncouth
Herausgegeben und iibersetzt von Dr. C. original :
rendering :

Velten. (Same publishers.) Dr. Velten has "Near Naples-it takes two hours going there is "AufunseremWeitermarschekamenwirzum Sultan
already published a collection of Swahili tales, a mountain of fire, which is called Vesuv. And Mawala. Nachdem wir uns gelagert batten, schick-
the fruit of his leisure hours as Govern- that fire came out of the ground, eighteen hundred ten wir ihm seinen hongo, aber er weigerte sich
ment interpreter at Dar-es-Salaam, and he and twenty years ago, as people have told me, and ihn zu nehmen. Wir sagten zu ihm, ]Va.ssoH deim '

now presents us with seven texts which will now it is always burning. And it destroyed two das hemen ? Er'erwiderte, Ich wiinsche dass ihr
'

be very welcome to all stixdents of Swahili.

towns which were there, near that mountain those ; mir avf meinem Ziige gegen die Wahehe Beistand
towns are called Pompei and Herkulanum. And leistet, denn die Wahehe haben uns ?i letzter Zeit

N3899, July 19, 1902
biiutig Nachts iiberfallen, uiul
gescbleppt, bis uicbts inebr iibrig gebliebeu ist
We do uot feel quite certain of tbo souse of
utiafanya ugorofi it seems to mean, " Wbat bad
luck are you afraid of? " i.e., " Do you tbiiik
our goods are unlucky that you will not touch
them?" and therefore feel not unreasonably
aggrieved when put olY with a mere paraphrase,
like Dr. Velten's rendering of the question.
This is not the place for a detailed textual
criticism, but we may point out that, on p. 17,
cnda axdipa wolc pin is probably a printer's or
transcriber's mistake for iitawtiUpa [or uUa-
tcaUpa] wotc pia, which is required by the sense,
and also by the parallelism of the construction
in this and the next clause. We cannot dis-
cover any authority for translating al-cnda
akachcchcina Iddodokidorio, on p. 47, by "AU-
miihlich ging es wieder etwas besser." Steere's
'Handbook' gives ^' chechonect, to be lame"
{cliechema docs not appear in the vocabulary),
and we should be disposed to i-ender tiic
passage thus :
"We remained there because the leader of the
caravan was ill. We stayed seven days, and on the
eighth be grew a little better [akapata hajaniho
kidogo]. We started him on the road [tulamtia
njiani]. and [=though] he still vall.ed a little lame.''
The word, too. which is repeatedly translated
by List, really means " violence." These
observations may seem hypercritical but it
is important, when so few Swahili texts are
available, that those few should be edited
with tlie most scrupulous care. We welcome
the publication of such documents as these,
and trust that they maybe followed by others,
and particularly that the unpublished mate-
rials believed to exist in considerable quan-
tities especially ancient poems may one day
see the light.
EECENT VERSE.
Bcdlads and Ltjrics. By
(Bullen.)
It is to be hoped that this
little selection of pieces, old and new, may
serve to enlarge the borders of Mr. Carman's
audience. It is put together with a sparing
hand, and with some unaccountable omissions.
Nevertheless it contains a fair sample of the
qualitj- of a writer from whose work the
authentic note of poetry is rarely altogether
absent. Mr. Carman should appeal to an age
with a strong tendency to revise the canons of
its civilization and to live more closely by
the promptings of earth. With the difference
which the possession of the definitely literary
temperament implies, he is one of the first of
the sons of Walt Whitman :
Make me over, mother April,
When the sap begins to stir.
That is his most characteristic aspiration, the
lyric cry of nympholept modernity in the
renewal of spring :
Take my dust and all my dreaming,
Count my heart-beats one by one.
Send them where the winters perish
Then some golden noon recherish
And restore them in the sun.
Flower and scent and dust and dreaming.
With their heart-beats every one.
In the most obvious and literal sense he is
emphatically an out-of-doors man, one of "the
vagabondish sons of God" who
idle down the traffic lands.
And loiter through the woods with spring
To them the glory of the earth
but to bear a bluebird sing.
Is
He has the "wander-biddings" upon him,
driving him to far travel over sea and land,
and he returns to chant the song of " the open
road":
Now tlie joys of the road are chielly these
A crimson touch on the hard-wood trees
A vagrant's morninf; wide and blue.
In early fall, when the wind walks, too
A shadowy highway cool and brown.
Alluring up and enticing down
From rippleil water to dappled swamp,
From purple glory to scarlet pomp
The outward eye, the quiet will.
And the striding heart from
; : '
THE ATHEN^UM
unst-r Yiek weg- The tempter apple over the frnce
The cobweb Moom on the yellow quince
The palish asters along the wood,
A lyric touch of the solitude ;
An open hiind, an easy shoe.
And a hope to make the <lay go
As he passes from sensation to philosophy for
ho is
a philosopher the day's tramp becomes
to him the most natural symbol of life itself.
To that, too, he will bring " the striding
heart," ready for the adventure and its breath-
less joys, ready, too, at eve to lie down and
take his rest, when the Scarlet Hunter, who
touches the maple to its fall, comes upon his
trail. Only it must be life and not mere
existence :
When I am only lit to go to bed,
Or hobble out to sit within the sun,
Ring down the curtain, say t)le play is done.
And the last petals of the poppy shed
I do not want to live when I am old,
I have no use for things I cannot love
And when the day that I am talking of
(Which God forfeiid :) is come, it will be
But if there is another place than this.
Where all the men will greet nie as " Old Man,"
And all the women wrap me in a smile,
Where money is more useless than a kiss.
And good wine not put beneath the ban,
is
1 will go there and stay a little while.
But Mr. Carman no blatant and incurable
is
optimist. He sees life in no monotonous bath
of sunshine, but as it is, with its shifting and
;
varied lights and shadows. In particular, the
interrogation marks with which it begins and
ends are not hidden from him. Using a
metaphor of which he is fond, he compares
himself to the vagrant bee, trying the
uncharted flowers :
From gorgeous // to dark Perhaps
I blunder down the dusk of years.
Many of his verses have their origin in
moods extremely conscious of the pathetic
sidcof things, of the dcsiderium, rendered more
acute by the remorseless fidelity of memory,
Such, for instance, is
of a vanished mistress.
Bliss Carman. 'Low Tide on Grand Pre,' a poem which,
rather markedly for one who is on the whole so
original and self-sufficient a writer, betrays the
influence of Mr. Swinburne. Such also are
'The Last Room,' a fine bit of symbolism,
'At Columbine's Grave,' with its exquisite
self-critieismof the optimist, and The Northern
Vigil,' a powerful vision of the lover waiting
in the empty house for the woman who comes
no more :
Outside, the great blue star
Burns in the ghostland pale.
Where giant Algebar
Holds on the endless trail.
Come, for the years are long
And silence i<eeps the door,
Where shapes with the shadows throng
The firelit chamber floor.
Come, for thy kiss was warm,
With the red embers' glare
Across thy folding arm
And dark tumultuous hair
And though thy coming rouse
The sleep-cry of no bird,
The keepers of the house
Shall tremble at thy word.
;
As has already been suggested, Mr. Carman
is essentially the man of letters grafted on the
vagrant. Art also is to him a kind of adven-
ture. In a beautiful elegy on Stevenson in
his high grave beneath "the nomad tented
stars," he describes him as " the master of
the roving kind," and
the type of all
:
That strain in us, which still
and hails all artists as
You whom the haunted vision drives,
Incredulous of home and ease.
Perfection's lovers all your lives.
He not himself an impeccable or finished
is
artist, but he is a genuine one. By methods
; of his own, direct, slangy, legardlcss of the
conventions of language, and often of tlie
decencies of rhyme, ho succeeds in making his
In the house of Idiedaily, he
impression.
tells us,
Not a night but some brown maiden
; Bettered all the <lu8k she strayed
hill to hill;
While the roses In her hair
Baukrujited oblivion there.
91
The
;
i)hrases are too audacious ami will hardly
;
pass muster
with lovers of our language.
But, like so much (hat Mr. Carman writes,
they have at least the trick of lingering un-
through. bidden in the memory.
Mrs. Chesson favourably known as a
writer of
is
and tuneful verse, and
pleasant
though many of the poems collected in
A(iii(imarincs (Grant Richards) have already
ai)pearod in various periodicals, only a hard-
hearted critic could suggest that they were
not worth reprinting. A lively fancy playing
sympathetically with the gracious and less
solemn aspects of nature gives the book its
peculiar charm it should be read in the open
air.
;
Mrs. Chesson is apt to "sow with the
whole sack," but the difl'use and unrestrained
!
manner is somehow in harmony with the sub-
jects chosen. In her use of archaic and pro-
:
vincial words she is not always happy, e.y.,
cold. The wind dropped dead at the forest edges
Asa bird from the stone that a slinger lledges ;
and the second line of the following couplet,
The reaper thinks of harvest, and the children think of
nutting,
And the bramble feels her hip3 growing red and growing
strong,
argues a certain insensibility to the ludicrous.
We lay no stress on these shortcomings, which
are amply redeemed. As a characteristic
example of the author's verse we may quote
THE Sl.MLOWLR.
The Sunflower bows upon her breast
Her golden head, and goes to rest,
Forgetting all the days that were
When she was young and proud and fair ;
And in the glowing August air
Bees came and sought and found her sweet.
Now earth is cold about her feet,
And wasps forsake her, and the sun
No longer seeks her for the one
Flower in his splendid image made.
Her beauty 's done, her farewell said,
Her large leaves fold in weary wise,
And heavy are her great brown eyes.
The living rubies that would run
Across her discs that mocked the sun
Tlie ladybirds sleep, every one.
The fjreat stalk stoops towards the earth
Where all dreams end, whence all have birth.
The hive-bee has forgotten quite
How once he loved her, for the night
Has come wherein no bee can spy
Sweets in this sunflower, dead and dry.
Mrs. Chesson writes charmingly of fairyland.
'
Even Saxons may enjoy the play entitled
'
INIuirgeis,' which is to be produced as the
libretto of an Irish opera and is full of the
spirit of Celtic romance.
The announcement of the Coronation pro-
duced much verse-writing, but not, we regret
to say, much worth notice. The Ode fur the
Cvvonaiion of Kincj Edward I'//., by James
Douglas (Elkin :Mathews), does, however,
deserve consideration. It is a very virile and
workmanlike performance, lacking, indeed, in
the matured felicity of expression which cha-
I
racterizes Mr. Watson's Coronation poem, but
surpassing it in sheer volume of .sound, and
more interesting in a way we shall mention.
One reverberating line follows another, " like
as the waves make towards the pebbled shore."
We note dignity and originality in the treat-
ment. Stanza vili., indeed, with its presage
of the " mortal ills
" whichannoy kings, almost
prophesied the national disappointment and
dismay. The constant use of long words of
Latin origin may be defended as in keeping
with the pompous and grandiose nature of the
"
must fare, event celebrated, but we think that vicLssi-
tudinary gloom " is too much of a mouthfuL
The gift of using such Latinisms is a very
delicate thing. Milton and Shakspeaie had it.
Wordsworth had it sometimes. We do uot
like some of the metaphors. Thus we are
told that Victoria's virtue
damac<-ne
Our g'nive of empcry with diviner gold
Than any our uloryhig steel guarded <! O.d.
The first part of the poem is somewhat too
catechetical in form on the other hand,
;
vocatives throughout aro fortunately absent.
in.
The Ode closes with a really fine prayer,
breathing the elevated spirit of Mr. Kipling's

92
'
llecesbioiial,' and
of notublo full
such as the description of Elizabeth
The crown that long ere now
Heard the blood royal beating life to death
la the cold temples of lilizabeth,
and her captains,
the flinty iibta of doom.
That smote the Don, and made the sea a tomb
For England's foes for ever,
and of Canada : which according to a statement on the title-page
Tall Canada, whose lakes are shining shields,
Brandishes her bright river like a spear.
There docs not seem to be any reason why
the last line of the first stanza should be left
ixnrhymed, nor can "heir" be considered a
legitimate rhyme to "her."
And what the interest of this performance,
is
which, by the way, includes some bold metrical
experiments ? It is that Mr. Douglas has style
and originality, and that, while he shows traces
of what he has read and stored in his memory,
he is no slave to any one master or school of
poetry, and should go further. Some of our
better established craftsmen construct un-
assailable mosaics from the best sources they
are well-mannered, but they make no mark of
their own. They flatter our educated memory,
but rarely stir us, never surprise us. Mr.
Douglas, if he goes on, will sometimes surprise,
sometimes, we dare say, irritate us, but he will
assuredly stir us, and his experiments will lead
to a higher rank than the classic safety or
austerity of too many poets to-day.
PALESTINE AND THE JEWS.
Elements of the Jewish and Mnhammadan
Calendars, with Rules and Tables, and Explana-
tory Notes On the Julian and Gregorian Calen-
dars. By the Rev. S. B. Burnaby. (Bell
& Sons.)
Mr. Burnaby possesses the gift
required for the compilation of a work of this
kind. He also has the power of making things
plain to those who may be disposed to follow
him in his course of intricate calculation. But
even those who may not have the necessary
patience or leisure at their command can derive
much profit from the book by consulting the
elaborate tables embodied in it. The Table
of Corresponding Jewish and Christian Dates
extends from a.d. GIO to 3003, and the compari-
son between the Muhammadan and Christian
dates is carried forward to the year 3008 a.d.
The author has been obliged to use second-
hand helps wherever Hebrew and Arabic
were concerned, but seems, on the whole, to
have made the most of his opportunities. It is,
however, difficult to see why he should have
volunteered the remark that " Marheshwan is
Hebrew, and indicates a month in which rainy
weather prevails," the fact being that the word
is not Hebrew, and that rainy weather
has in
all probability nothing to do with
it. Mr.
Burnaby may have consulted Buxtorf, who does
mention such an opinion, but philology does not
now stand where Buxtorf left it. Slips of this
kind do not, however, detract from the value
of the calendar proper, and we hope that
Mr.
Burnaby will continue his studies of the "other
Calendars and Eras " to which he has already
devoted much attention.
Topographic xl and Physical Map of Palestine.
Compiled from the Palestine Exploration Fund
Surveys and other Authorities, under the
Direction of J. G. Bartholomew, and edited
by George Adam Smith, D.D. (Edinburgh,
T. & T. Clark.) A more excellent map than
the one before us could hardly be devised.
It embodies a complete survey of the country
as it exists in the present day, and there
are
also inscribed on it all the Biblical
names of
places, rivers, and mountains. On the side of
the big map are two smaller ones, respectively
showing the environs of Jerusalem and the
vegetation of Palestine. The portions fit for
cultivation,which are distinguished by deeper
green colouring, appear small in comparison to
the whole area; but the limestone hill-lands.
THE ATHEN^UM
passages, which are marked with a lighter shade of green,
: are also covered with grass in the spring. The
large map is drawn to the scale of four miles to
an inch, the proportion being made appreciable
to the tourist's eye by a small plan of London on
the same scale placed over the Palestine vegeta-
tion map. An index covering fourteen octavo
pages contains all the names shown on the map,
number about 3,180. We
hope that both
students and travellers will make full use of the
publication, which can be had in different forms
to suit the diverse purposes of the lecture-room,
the study, and the traveller's bag.
Hehreni Illustrated Bibles of the Ninth and
Tenth Centuries and a Samaritan Scroll of the
Law of the Eleventh Century, together vnth Eight
Plates of Eacsimiles, tt'C. Published for the First
Time by M. Gaster. (Printed by Harrison &
Sons.) The facsimiles are excellently executed.
Plates i. and ii. contain texts of the Pentateuch
and the Psalms of about the same date. On
plates iii. - v. are collected a number of
;
small illuminative designs, neatly grouped
and reproduced in the gold and diverse
pigments of the originals. The small
fragments represented on plate vi. were,
in our opinion, hardly worth reproducing, nor
does it seem to us that the Samaritan scrolls of
the Pentateuch shown on plates vii. and viii.
are so old as Dr. Gaster thinks them to be.
It would, indeed, have been safer to date
most of the fragments a century later than the
dates given on the title-page. The two essays
preceding the facsimiles are reprinted from the
Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archjeo-
logy. They are written in Dr. Gaster's usual
style, showing much learning and a certain
amount of sprightly cleverness, but deficient in
critical consistency and conciseness of expres-
sion. The essays will, however, be found use-
ful, and may lead others to institute further
investigations on both Hebrew illuminations
and Samaritan scrolls of the law. The volume
as a whole is certainly worth possessing.
History of the Ancient Synagogue of the
'
'
Spanish and Portuguese Jews situate in Bevis
Marhs. A Memorial ^'olunie, written to
celebrate the Two Hundredth Anniversary of its
Foundation, 1701-1901. With Illustrations and
Facsimiles of Deeds and Documents. By the
Rev. Dr. Moses Gaster. (For presentation only.)
The main value of this interesting and hand-
some volume lies in the publication of a number
of deeds and documents which had hitherto
lain secreted in the repository of the Bevis
Marks Synagogue. The earliest and most im-
portant of these contains the first petition of
the Jews addressed to Charles II., together
with the king's reply, granting them royal pro-
tection and guaranteeing their safety.
"The list
of members belonging to the Spanish and
Portuguese congregation in London at the
present time, given at the end, maybe regarded
as a copy of the latest document in possession
of the Synagogue.
The history of the congre-
gation is peculiar. In its beginnings it consisted
largely of families of crypto- Jews who had
deterniined to shake off the external observances
of Christianity originally imposed on them by
the persecutions in Spain. The zeal displayed
by these men for the religion which for a long
time they could only cherish in private was
truly remarkable and their activity is eloquently
;
described by their present chief, the editor of
this volume. Among the points of more general
interest is the gratitude expressed by Lord
Beaconsfield in a letter to Sir Joseph Sebag
Montefiore for restoring the grave of his
grandfather Benjamin Disraeli. We are bound
to say that in some respects the book has
been hastily compiled. A chapter on the
relation of Cromwell to the Jews would
have been a suitable addition to a work of
this kind but Dr. Gaster would have none of
;
it, and he appears to speak slightingly of the
N3899, July 19, 1902
researches of others in the same field of inquiry.
The editor's style is also frequently at fault.
It is a little odd to use the term "secular
friendshiji " in the sense of a friendship lasting
a hundred years nor should one say that in
;
1728 " H. David Nieto disappeared," when, in
fact, he at that date died a natural and orderly
death. But the language lacks dignity and con-
ciseness all through the book. The facsimile*
and illustrations are not all equally well repro-
duced, though the want of clearness may in
some cases be due to the bad condition of the
originals. Several of the portraits, including
Dr. Gaster's own, are, however, finely done.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Recreations and Reflections (Dent & Co.), a
collection of "middles" from the Halnrdaij
Review, contains papers by some thirty different
authors upon half a hundred difi'erent topics,
introduced by a characteristic .sonnet of Mr.
Swinburne's. Wo find Mr. George Dewar dis-
coursing after the manner of Carlyle upon
Qu en Victoria, and, better still, in his own
manner, upon the poet Cowper and the glories
of Nature ;a pair of sensitive Cornish sketches,
and a third, In a Northern Bay,' by Mr.
'
Arthur Symons three acute dramatic studies
;
by Mr. Max Beerbohm a temperate paper,
;
'In Honour of Chaucer,' by Mr. Churton.
Collins; two judicious essays on Savonarola
and Zwinglius, by Canon Henson and a ;
slighter one, on Quotability,' by Mr. Stephen
'
Gwynn. These are perhaps the best-knowri
names in our contemporary's collection but ;
we are far from implying that their essays
eclipse the rest in point of merit. Indeed, it
is remarkable that all the papers reach much
the same level of excellence though, on
:
second thoughts, not so remarkable, when
we consider that the book is an anthology
culled from an extensive field. We would
direct particular attention to a subtle criti-
cism of Ruskin by Mr. D. S. MacColL
But what is perhaps more instructive is ta
observe the effect of the genre itself upon the-
work of the various writers as a whole. Un-
doubtedly much charm is lent to the book by
the fact that each author is permitted to deal
with a subject which he personally loves. ]\Ir.
Herbert Vivian's article on the old citj^ of
Toledo is a good instance of this and in
;
general it strikes us that those subjects in-
which the impression counts for most, rather
than reasoning or erudition, are the most suc-
cessfully treated. In a class of writing in
which brevity is imperative we look for com-
pression, for telling and suggestive observa-
tions, for the epigrammatic turn which carries
the reader's thought beyond the actual words.
This, however, is not the note of the book. Its
note is rather one of grace and delicate
handling. But gracefulness and delicacy are-
apt to require all the room and atmosphere for
themselves, and consequently, if we get the
fine flavour of any subject, we are necessarily
compelled to forgo most of the body of it.
The result is that many of these studies are
somewhat on the surface, somewhat gadabout,
and coquette a little too much with their
themes. The butterfly which is engraved as
a headpiece to the volume is the best index to
its contents, and perhaps, after tliis frank
premonition, we ought not to demand more.
For any one who cares to sip at the Pierian
spring, instead of drinking deep, this volume
will prove a pleasant companion.
Mk. Henry Elliot Malden has written for
the series "University of Cambridge College
Histories" the account of Trinity Hall, the
modern name of that most ancient body " the
College of the Scholars of the Holy Trinity of
Norwich," and the volume is published by
Messrs. F. E. Robinson & Co. The book is
modest and good. In the preface as well as
in the text there is full acknowledgment of


N^'SSOO, July 10, 1902 THE ATHENiEUM 03

tliework done for the history liy ISIr. Latham, I'amiliar letters ofthe Kev. S. Kelson Stothort, the tiller and iinhackneyeil ((notations tiiat
the much-loved Master, who died just before chaplain of the Queen in the Black Sea, and accompany them. \Vo may call special atten-
the publication. The one point connected for a few weeks on shore with the Naval tion to the charming extracts alas! too few!
with the college in which Mr. Latham, in Brigade. The letters of a young chaplain - from tiio Meditations of Henry Montague,
'

the opinion of many of its grathiates, hold from his first ship can scarcely bo expected Earl of Manchester they may be new to' ;

views not sound was, curiously enough, the
very point upon which he has contributed
to the work namely, the connexion of the
college with the study of the civil law.
When a particular body in a university
has the unique advantage of a special con-
nexion, such as that which from the time of
its fomider. Bishop Batemau, the College of
the Holy Trinity of Norwich had with the
civil law, with Church law, and with the diplo-
matic profession, it should surely bo retained
at all hazards. The first edition of the re-
vised statutes under the University Commission
made wholly insufficient provision for the pecu-
liar nature of the college, and Mr. Latham
was not friendly to the widening which the
draft afterwards underwent. Moreover, it is
a well-known fact that he preferred to attract,
from time to time, mathematical and classical
scholars bj' exhibitions and fellowships rather
than attempt to raise the standard of legal
studies. Bishop Bateman, the founder, was
a most remarkable ecclesiastic and diplo-
matist, and, although somewhat old-fashioned
as a theologian and inclined to support
the extreme pretensions of the Avignon
Popes, displayed in the foundation of the
college an enlightened patriotism and a regard
for the diplomatic equipment of his country
which place him almost by himself among
Englishmen. It is a pity that Trinity Hall,
in enormously increasing the number of its
undergraduates and in becoming famous in the
world of sport, should have undergone decline
in its position as the home of a peculiar branch
of learning at least as necessary in modern as in
medireval times. Although the canon law is a
little out of date, and Doctors' Commons
long
an appendix of the college shorn of its ancient
glory, yet the civil law has attained to fresh
importance as the basis of many of the codes
of the Empire, and the college ought to have
been the great training-ground in the present
day both of administrators for South Africa
and of judges for the Judicial Committee of the
Privy Council. Our author, by the way, adojots
the modern phrase, "thellall." Halfacentury
ago, and, indeed, up to a much later date, the
use of this phrase for the college was looked
upon as the sign of the unredeemed and un-
mitigated cad. In recent years the appella-
tion has been proudly adopted from the lower
classes of the townof Cambridge by the most dis-
tinguished members of the college. Mr. Latham
himself as Vice-Master used always to protest
against the use of a name which in his last
years, like everybody else, he acknowledged.
The change of usage with regard to the
word "Christian" was not more complete
than the alteration in sentiment with regard
to the name " the Hall." We should be inclined
to question our author's statement that " in
any case the Hall would have remained a
to throw any new light on the history of the
war, though they tell pleasantly enough what
he saw and what he heard. Mrs. Kelly sup-
plies a fair abstract of the story of the cam-
paign, and adds an interesting chapter on the
'Charge of the Light Brigade,' by one who
rode in it, and describes it we believe accu-
rately as not a "charge" at all, but an
advance at the trot. Naturally ]\Ir. Stothert
did not give a roseate picture of camp life
during that terrible Crimean winter; but after
six weeks of it, and before the worst came,
his own health broke down and he was sent to
Constantinople. When fit for duty he rejoined
his ship, and his account of what was going on
on shore is mainly hearsay. Perhaps the most
truly interesting pages of the volume are those
of the short preface, in which Vice-Admiral
Powlett comments on our shortcomings then
and at other times. " The dictum Si vis pacem.
para helium," he says, " meets with but scant
respect. '
In time of danger, not before,' is
our way," as, indeed, it always has been and
though at present we hear a great deal of the
national determination to be thoroughly pre-
pared next time, there are, as Admiral Powlett
remarks, many who can remember similar good
resolutions made at the time of the Russian
war, and also the result.
The Collefje Student and his Problems. By
(New York, the
James Hulme Canfleld.
Macmillan Company.) " Non cuivis homini
contingit adire Corinthum." But there does
not seem any reason why every American
young man should not go to college if he
his expenses, including
pleases, seeing that
board, and room, need not exceed tlie
fees,
modest sum of 21?. a year. All the more so
as Mr. Canfteld, the author of The College
'
Student and his Problems,' counsels him to
borrow, if he cannot otherwise obtain the
means advice which will sound strangely in
the ears of English parents, accustomed as
they are to consider ignorance a lesser evil
than debt. There is no doubt that the eft'orts
of the universities in the United States to
adapt themselves to the needs of a rapidly
expanding civilization have been rewarded
not only by the increased respect of their
alumni, but by the growth of a feeling in the
business world as to the commercial value of
men who have received a higher education
very different from that which prevailed fifty
years ago, and in this country prevails still in
many quarters. The wide range of choice, not
only of institutions, but of curricula and of
subjects, open to the American student is
well illustrated by the present volume. At the
same time it is pleasant to find its author
insisting so strongly on the educational value
of " the somewhat old-fashioned, but very
desirable course containing Latin and Greek,"
many readers.
Wr. have on our table Splendid Mourniuij,.
by Cranstoun Metcalfe (Ward & Lock), A
Life at Stake, by J'ercy Andrcae (Ward dt
Lock), ,1 Strauije Flopenienl, by \V. Clarlc
Pussell (Macmillan), 7'((p(i, by C.N.William-
son (Mcthuen),
The Miikiua of the Empire,
by Arthur Temple (Melrose),^2'/ic U'esse.v of
Jiomance, by W. Sherren (Chapman & Hall),
Kinij Lear, by D. N. Smith (Blackie & Son),
Faslors and Teachers, by the Pight Rev. E.
Arbuthnott Knox, D.D., Bishop of Coventry,
with an Introduction by the Right Rev.
Charles Gore, D.D., Bishop of Worcester
(Longmans),
Distiuiiuishcd Clnirchmeti, by
Chas. 11. Dant (Trcherne),--Foi(r Old Greeks,.
by Jennie Hall (New York, Rand, McNally &
Co.), Science of JSIechanics, by Dr. E. Mach
(Chicago, the Open Court Publishing Co.),
'The Steam Turbine, by R. M. Neilson (Long-
mans), Siudirs in the Lives of the Saints, hy
E. Hutton (Constable), G' rent Mottoes xoith
; Great Lessons: Addresses to Children, by
G. C. Martin (Allenson), Quaker Pioneers in
liussia, by Jane Benson (Headley Bros.),
Tij])es British Plants, by G. S. Colman
of
(Sands),
Ora Maritinia, a Latin Sionj for-
Beijinncrs, by Prof. E. A. Sonnenschein,
D.Litt. (Sonnenschein), Is there a i?e/iVyio?i
of Nature^ by P. N. Waggett (S.P.C.K.),
Joseph Joint Gurnen, a Study for Younij Men,
by J. B. Braithwaite (Headley Bros.), .Sfotf-s-
tical Studies in ihe Neiu York Monry Market,
by John P. Norton, Ph.D. (Macmillan), Our
Kinq and Queen: the Story of their Life, by
W. H. Wilkins, F.S.A. (Hutchinson), ^cifJi-
metic and Algebra, by John Davidson and John
Adams, B.Sc. (Hodder & Stoughton), Hiy/icc
Mathematics for Students of Chemistry and
Physics, l)y J. W\ Mellor, D.Sc. (Longmans),
flic First Latin Book, by H. W. Atkinson
and J. W. E. Pearce {Dent),lieli(jion,A(inos-
ticism, and Fducation, by J. L. Spalding
(Chicago, McClurg & Co.), and Instructions
on Preachinfj, by the Rev. P. Boyle (Dublin,.
Gill & Son).
LIST OF HEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Dictionary of tlie Bible, edited by J. Hastings, i vol*.
imp. 8vo. fiiU gilt, 144,/
Sabatier (A.), OutUnee of a Pliilosoi.hy of Hcligion based on
Psychology and History, extra cr. 8vo, 7/6
Watkinson (W. L.), The Bane and the Antidote, and other
Serraojif, cr. 8vo, 3/6
Fine Art and Archaohgv.
D'Esterre -Keeling (E.), Sir Joshua Keynolds, P.R.A..
8vo, 3 6 net.
cr.
Jennings (A. S.), Paint and Colour Mixing, 8vo, 5/ net.
Poetry and Drama.
Shal<espeare, Marina, a Dramatic Romance, edited by S.
Wellwood, 8vo, 3/ net.
Philosophy.
PeronaI Idealism Essays by Members of the University
of
:

and more broadly of what he calls " general O.xford, edited by H. Sturt, 8vo, 10/ net.
Hall," for, according to what we think the
culture courses," as indispensable prelimi- Hiatory and Biography.
better view, it never was a Hall, though called
naries to the highly specialized technical and Fowler (H. N.), A History of Ancient Greek Literature,
by its founder "the College or Hall of the Armed with 8vo, 6' net.
professional courses to follow. cr.
Holy Trinity of Norwich." It always was a Goodall (F.).U<-mini8cence8 of, 8vo, 12/
this manual the American student should be Lesplnasse (Mile, de). Letters, translated by
P. Wormeley.
college in the points in which an Oxford
able to give a good account of the faith that Last Will and Testament, edited ty
college differed from an Oxford hall, and it "Plentitude" is doubtless a Ilhod'e^' (c"'j.)! "the
is in him. W. T. Stead, 8vo. 2,6
was indeed more of a college than other col-
printer's error. Geography and Travel.
leges, because the scholars were associated
Dutt (W. A.t, Norfolk, 13mo, 3/; leather. 3/6 net.
with the Master and fellows as nominal We note a pleasing addition to Messrs.
Science.
members of the governing body. Even now Methuen's " Little Library " in .1 Litllr nook imp. Hvo, Ii; nf;t-
and arranged by Ellis (O ). Modern Practical Joinery,
the form of admission of a scholar of of Life and Death, selected SuLmarlnc Warfare. Past, Present, and i uture.
Fyfe (H. C.).
Trinity Hall recognizes this distinction. Elizabeth Waterhouse. It consists of short
Woodhull (J. F.). Element, of
So far as is possible, accuracy seems to have extracts in prose and verse from a variety of Hende"'s<;n'"(a"H.) and
been attained in the volume, and the only authors, ranging from Solomon and I'lato (who, J,.kv'ilTo.T;nd'M'aw(e";\E.). Ko.e. for
English Gardens.
positive mistake that we have noticed is the by the way, is rather oddly confused with 8vo, U'/ 'K't- o
8vo, -J.X .,.f
net.
(G.), Birds in the Garden, cr.
./fl
familiar one of the misspelling of the Christian Socrates) to Mr. Kudyard Kipling and Mr. Sharp
General Literature.
name of Lord Edniond Fitzmaurice. Stephen Phillips. A fastidious reader will H
Banks (N. H.). Oldd.-M, cr "vo.
UxoEii the title of From tlic Fled in Ihe probably feel that a good many weak and Hurfln (d K in A Wilful Wumtin. cr. 8vo. 6/
the Stock Kxrhange. </
Fifties: a IlisLoru of the Crimean War (Hurst insignificant poems require his indulgence, C i^vl"!! ( "; iv-.V to . 1,.. Hul... of
Scot. cr. 8o. 5/
consideration of Cropland (T. W. H.), The Unspeakable
& Blackett), Mrs. Tom Kelly publishes the but he will readily give it in

94
Jiiiglieh Girl in Paris (An), cr. 8vo, 6/
Hales (A. Q.), McOltislty, extra cr. 8vo, 6/
Jessett (M. G.), The Boiui of Empire, cr. 8vo, (i/
MatliewB (F. A.), My
Lady Peguy goes to Town, cr. Svo, 6/
Metcalfe (C), Splendid Mourning, cr. Svo, .3/6
Williamson (Mrs. C. N.), Papa, cr. 8vo,0/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
IJndl (1<;.), Die Oktateuchcatene des Prokop v.
Septiiagintaforschung, (Jm. 80.
Szckely (S.), Herraeneutica Biblica, 5m.
Law.
Mouy (M. de), Traite sur les Accidents du Travail, 4fr.
Voigt (M.), HomischeKechtsgescbichte, Vol. 3, 12m.
History and Biography.
Chassin (C. L.), Le General Hocbe u Quiberon, 2fr. 50.
Durieu (L.), Les Juifs Algeriens, 1870-1901, 3fr. U.
Gautier (J.), Le Collier des Jours, 3fr. .50.
Lebmann (M.), Freiherr vom Stein, Part 1, 10m.
Seeck (O.), Kaiser Augustus, Im.
Weil (M. H.), Le Prince EugCne et Murat, Vol. 4, 12fr.
Vol. 5, 3fr.
Philology.
Berneker (E.), Slaviscbe Cbrestomatbie m. Glossaren, 12m.
.Eicbboff (T.), Der Weg zu Sbakespeare, 3m. 60.
Langkavel (M.), Die franzosiscben Ubertragungen v.
Goetbes Faust, 4m.
Middendorff (H.), Altengliscbes Flurnamenbuch, 3m.
Scienct.
Brunbes L'Irrigation, 15fr.
(J.),
Oautier(E. F.), Madagascar: Essai de
Geographic Pbysique,
25fr.
General Literature.
Bfirard (A.), Marcella, 3fr. 50.
BlaizeXJ.), Bonheur en Germe, 3fr. 50.
Dorys (G), La Femme Turque, 3fr. 50.
Ilanotaux (G.), Du Cboix d'une Carrifire, 3fr. 50.
M6rouvel (C), Martba, 3fr. 50.
Kabden (Baronne de), Le Koman de l'euy5re, 3fr. 50.
Saus8ine(H. de>, Le Vqile de Tanit, 3fr. 50.
THE DISBANDING OF THE CROMWELLIAN ARMY"
33, Norbam Koad, Oxford.
On
re-examining, as your reviewer suggests,
the question of the amount of arrears paid the
Cromwellian army on disbandment, I per-
its
ceive that I did over-estimate the sum paid, but
not to the extent which the reviewer supposes.
He quotes a very interesting account proving
that the sum of 341,000L was paid, but this
account is evidently incomplete. The report
which the Commissioners for Disbanding pre-
sented to the House of Commons on November
Cth, 1660, states that the number of regiments
to be disbanded in England and Scotland
amounted to twenty-four regiments of foot and
fifteen regiments of horse, besides the lifeguard.
On the other hand, the account quoted by the
reviewer includes only twelve regiments of
horse, and thirteen, or rather twelve and a half,
regiments of foot. It is certain that the regi-
ments not mentioned therein did receive their
arrears, for the sura paid to many of
given in Mermrius Puhlicus and other news-
papers. The omission is perhaps due to the
fact that they were paid from some different
source.
As to the total sum expended in this way, the
Heport of November 6th ('Commons' Journals,'
viii. 176) states that 250,000L had been already
paid away, and that 435,000?. more was still
required to complete the business. This gives a
total of 685,000Z., which was the basis of my state-
ment that about 700,OOOL was spent in this way.
However, I made the mistake of not deducting
from this sum the amount spent, or to be spent*,
in paying off ships viz., 161,0002. The sum'
required for the army would then amount to
524,000?.
The
official documents on the subject, so far
as I have been able to
come across them, are
few and not
sufficiently detailed. The ' Journals
the House of Commons,' vol. viii.
v)f
pp. 143,
176, 189, 196, and the newspapers from August
to December,
1660, are the chief sources of
information accessible.
C. H. Firth.
THE FIREFLY
IN ITALY.
July 12tb,
WITH
reference to the note in the Athenceum
of to-day by Sir David Hunter-Blair, I have
never made a study of the animals known to
the ancients beyond that of their portraiture in
5)ainting and sculpture and on coins ; but
as
regards Sir David's statement that there is
; :
THE ATHEN^UM
" absfjlutely no mention" of fireflies
the writings of antiquity," I can at once refer
him to the following passages in Aristotle and
Pliny.
Aristotle, History of Animals,' iv. 1, 3
' :
"The glowworm [7n'yoAa/x;r<'s] is
and wingless"; and v. 17,7:
Gaza u. die
glowworm has its beginning in a little, hairy,
black grub." Both quotations probably refer
to Lampijris noctiluca, the moxiche himineuse of
the French.
"The
Pliny, 'Natural History,' xi. 28 [34]
glowworm [lampijris] emits from its side at
night a light like that of fire, bright at the
instant it opens its wings, and again extin-
guished in darkness at the moment it closes
them"; and xviii. 20 [66]: "The signal of the
ripening of barley and for the sowing of millets
is one, the shining of the cicinduke,' so the '
rustics call them, but the Greeks lampyrides.'
How boundless is the bounty of Nature " Both
these passages undoubtedly refer to Lampijris
italica, the lucciole of the modern Italians.
The fireflies or glowworms of Southern Asia
and South America are species of Fulgora. All
the same, it is remarkable that there should
be no allusion in the poetical writings of the
Greeks and Romans to the firefly, for the
phenomenon of their periodic appearance, how-
ever familiar, is always striking, and always
suggestive of poetical imagery.
George Bird wood.
Hampstead, July 14th,
The firefly was undoubtedly known to the
Greeks and Romans of the classic age. After
reading Sir David Hunter-Blair's letter in your
last number I turned to Forcellini under cicin-
dela, and found him citing Pliny, lib. xviii. cap.
66 " Lucentes vespere per arve cicindelpe ita
:
appellant rustici stellantes volatus, Grseci vero
lampyridas." Referring to the pa.ssage to ascer-
tain whether Pliny had said anything further, I
was rewarded by encountering a fine burst of
rhetoric, even though the point of view be
rather that of utility than of beauty
" Bxtremo autem hoc tempore [that of the first
visible rising of the Pleiades about the second week
in May] panicimiliiquesatioest. Incredibilibenigni-
tate naturjE ! Jam Vergilias in
catervas fecerat non tamen his contenta, terrestres
fecit alias,
;
veluti vociferans, Cur ccelum intuearis,
agricola ? Ecce tibi inter herbas tuas spargo
peculiares easque vespere et ab opere
_
Stellas,
them is
disjungenti ostendo, ac ne possisprjcterire, miraculo
solicito. Habes ante pedes tuos ecce Vergilias."
It would be interesting to know whether
Tennyson's beautiful couplet in Locksley
Hall is to be reckoned among his happy bor-
'
rowings :
Many a night I saw the Pleiads, rising through the mellow
shade,
Glitter ILke a swarm of firejlies tangled in a silver braid.
In another place (lib, xi. cap. 34) Pliny
speaks of fireflies under the name lampyrides
" Lucent ignium modo noctu, laterum et.clunium
colore, [candore ?] lampyrides, nunc pennarum
hiatu refulgentes, nunc vero compressu obum-
bratffi non ante matura pabulaaut post desecta
;
conspicufe." It will have been observed that,
although he begins by representing the cicin-
deloi as winged insects, he ends by describing
them as creeping amid the grass. It would seem
that he confused the firefly with the glowworm,
following the authority of Aristotle, who says,
as quoted by Pliny's commentators, that some
lampyrides are winged and others wingless, just
like ants. The ancient naturalists apparently
did not possess the discrimination of Thomas
Lovell Beddoes, who, after having said most
poetically of fireflies :
"Their bright light evanescent, and alternates
1902. is
with the darkness, as if the swift wheeling of the
earth struck fire out of the black atmosphere as if
the winds were being set upon this planetary grind-
stone, and gave out such momentary sparks from
their edges,"
isconstrained by regard for truth to add, " Their
light is not nearly so beautiful and poetical as
N-'SSOg, July 19, 1902
"in all our still companion of the dew, the glowworm
with her drop of moonlight." Isidorus, as cited
by Forcellini, also confounds the two insects :
" Cicendela scarabtcorum genus est, eo quod
gradiens vel volans luceat." He seems to be
both winged alluding to the ordinary derivation of the word
"The wingless from candela or ciere candelara. The term also
denotes a glass lamp.
Perhaps the reason why the Latin poets omit
to celebrate the cichulvla is the metrical im-
practicability of the word, which, the penulti-
mate being long, cannot be got into a dactylic
:
verse without a disagreeable elision. Vincent
Bourne, in his pretty Latin verses on the glow-
worm, uses cicindtla merely as the title of the
poem, and describes the creature by a peri-
phrasis "Reptile, quod lucet nocte, dieque
:
latet," The influence of metrical quantity upon
ancient poetry would be an interesting subject
'
for examination. R. Gaknett.
I
A QUESTION OF FACTS.
July 13tb, 1902.
I too much appreciation of the value of
HAVE
your space to trouble you with the endless
question of what is plagiarism and what is not ;
but I am sorry that 1 have not been able to
protest before against the charge of literary
theft which appeared in your issue of last week
over the name of Mr. J. Horace Round, who
complains that " four out of five " notes which
appeared in the Obiter Scripta '
column of '
the St. James's Gazette were stolen from an
1902. article by him in the Monthly Review.
Mr. Round has given us a daring definition
indeed of plagiarism. Let me state frankly at
once that his article was one of several sources
to which I referred when writing the column
on 'Coronation Titles.' It happened that the
; Monthly Review was the most accessible of the
many books and magazines which might have
helped me in my search for facts. But does
Mr. Round imagine that his writing an article
on Coronation peerages in February precludes
any other person from touching upon so natural
:
a topic in June ?
Mr. Round is surely not asserting his claim
to a copyright in facts ? One of the facts, I
think, which I " stole " from his article was
ccolo notabiles that Queen Victoria created eleven Coronation
peers in 1838. Has Mr. Round copyrighted
this historic fact Was it unknown before he
I
world last February ? If not,
declared it to the
where did he obtain his information ? and by
what moral law is his transference of the fact
from the Annual Register less heinous than
'
'
'
the act of a busy journalist who jogged his
memory with the aid of the Monthly Eevieio for
last February I
I am not concerned by Mr. Round's sugges-
tion that I know very the peerage.
little of
It
is true. It unfortunately, that the
is true,
journalist must write hurriedly of many sub-
jects of which he knows little, and the secret
of the successful journalist of to-day lies surely
in the maxim that next to knowing a thing
himself, the best thing is to know where to
find it. We
are all, in that sense, plagiarists,
and the British Museum is the State-endowed
store where literary thieves may steal to their
hearts' content. It must be so, and the gospel
according to Mr. Round would make a thief of
every journalist who deals with facts. Every
man who rescues something of interest from
the past, who saves from oblivion some dusty
page, say, in Domesday Book, knows well that
he is rendering a service not only to himself,
but to the whole race of journalists. It is,
surely, one of the inner satisfactions of arduous
research.
The Writer of '
Obitek Scripta.'
;
ROBERT CROMWELL.
Nearly fifty years ago Mr. John Forster
made the interesting discovery that the parish
register of Felsted, in Essex, contained the
entry of the burial of Oliver Cromwell's eldest

N3899, July 19, 1902
son Robert, in 1G39. Mr. Forster printed this
in the Edinhnrqli Eeviiir of January, 1850
" Robertus Crom-
(No. 209, p. 54),'as follows :
well, filius honorandi viri M''*01iveris Cromwell
et Elizabeth;^; uxoris ejus, aepultus fuit 31" die
Maii. Et Robertus fuit eximie pius juvenis,
deum timens supra niultos." In a foot-note
Mr. Forster stated that
" this curious entry has been more than once care-
fully examined, and it is here printed rerhafim et
literatim as it stauds in tlie register.
denoted by the contraction W" is militi.i, in the
sense of es'iuire or arm-bearing gentleman, and tliere
are some rare examples of its use with tliis meaning
before a proper name. Hitter and miles,' gays
'
Selden ('Titles of Honour,' Ivi.), 'often signify, in
the old feudal law of the Empire, a gentleman, as
the word gentleman is signified in 7iobilti, and not
a dubbed knight as with us in England the word
; sacrament, imploring the Lord's mercy (st. 457,
milite.i denotes gentlemen or great free-holders of
the country also.'"
Carlyle gave the entry in the later editions
of his Letters and Speeches of Oliver Crom-
'
well,' taking it from the Edinbitrgh lievieic, but
inserting the year date after the day of the month.
In 1893 an attempt was made by a writer in
the Essex llcvieiv (vol. ii. p. 124) to prove that
this Robert was the son of Sir Oliver, the Pro-
tector's uncle. The argument was originally
founded upon a mistaken idea (derived from a
statement in the Essex Notebook for 1885) that
the entry occurred amongst those for the year
1623 but even after the writer had discovered
; The family name of the Shah, we are told,,
and acknowledged this, he inclined to believe
that the Oliver referred to might better be the
Protector's uncle than himself, on account of the
difficulty presented by the word militis (ibid.,
iii. 209). As the sons of Sir Oliver by Eliza-
beth, his first wife, were in 1639 middle-aged
men, and as the name of his second wife was
not Elizabeth, but Anne, this theory (in addition
to other objections) would involve the necessity
of giving Sir Oliver a third and quite unknown
wife as a mother for the equally unknown boy.
In vol. V. of the Essex Review (p. 225) Mr.
John French, in defending the view that
"Oliver" was the future Protector, gave an
interesting description of the Felsted registers,
and suggested that the vicar must have fallen
into the error of supposing Oliver Cromwell to
be a knight. To none of these writers, however,
excepting perhaps to Mr. Forster, does it seem
to have occurred that the position of the word
offers as great difiiculty as the word itself.
As a matter of fact, we are neither called upon
to credit the good vicar with deriving his prece-
dents from the old feudal laws of the Empire and
the great free-holders of the English realm, nor,
on the other hand, need we suppose him to be
ignorant of the true style of a man whom, as
Sir John Bourchier's son-in-law, he probably
knew well. By the courtesy of the Rev. C. T.
Eland, the present vicar of Felsted, I have
been allowed to inspect the register, and found,
M"% M"
not but not militis, but magistri
; i.e.,
a term which occurs in many other entries,
employed in the restricted sense which attached
to the word Mr. in those days.
One recalls,
in this connexion, Mrs. Hutchinson's evident
annoyance with the captain of Nottingham, who,
though he could not be reckoned amongst the
gentry, " was called by the name of Mr."
There were two or three other errors in Mr.
Forster's copy of the entry, which, correctly
transcribed, runs as follows: "Robertus Crom-
well filius honorandi viri M'' Oliveris Cromwell
et Elizabethe uxoris ejus sepultus fuit 31'"" die
Maii. Iste (?) Robertus fuit eximie spei juvenis
deumque timens supra multos." The only
doubtful word is ist^, but it is difficult to make
it into anything else (it does not at all resemble
et as written by the vicar), and the word iste
occurs, clearly written, in a like sense in other
entries in the same register.
SOI'HIE C. LOIMAS.
' "
THE A T IT E N 7E U ]\I
THB " HOUSBL Ol' EARTH."
I'^iigeUtrnase ,', MUiister, Westpbalia.
Permit me to mention two further instances
of the peculiar mediiuval custom of the "housol
of earth," in addition to Mr. W. P. Ker's
interesting note on this subject (Athenieum,
June 7th).
The Middle High German 'Lay of the Battle
of Ravenna' ('Die Rabenschlacht '), composed
in Austria by a popular singer towards the close
The word
of the thirteenth century, gives the following
account of the death of Diether, brother of King
Theodoric. After having received a deadly
blow in single combat, the young hero falls,
grasps the earth with both hands, and raises a
particle of it to his lips, as if it were the holy
Martin's edition, Deutsches Heldenbuch,' ii.,
' marriage of brothers and sisters.
18G6).
The M.H. German dictionary by Benecke-
Miiller - Zarncke quotes, under the heading
'
Opfer,' besides the above-mentioned instance,
the following passage from the .sermons of the
celebrated Franciscan friar Berthold von Regens-
burg (d. 1272): "There are some men who
under condemnation to death believe that they
receive the .sacrament by taking a crumb or a
particle of earth in their mouth before execu-
tion." Otto Jiriczek,
THE LIVRB D'HEURES OF THE DUKE OF
CLARENCE'S MOTHER-IN-LAW.
Munich, Bavaria.
To the most interesting note of Mr. Bromby
on the family of the Visconti, 'The Marriage of
the Duke of Clarence with Violante Visconti
{Athemeum, June 14th, No. 3894, p. 755 seq.,
and 3896, p. 818 seq.), I can add a valuable
document, which the last month only has
brought out.
The great Munich Library (the Hof- und
Staatsbibliothek) possesses the Livre d'Heures
of Bianca Visconti, daughter of Aymone of
Savoy, wife of Galeazzo II., Lord of Milan, and
so mother of Violante. who was married to the
Duke of Clarence. This prayer-book, wonder-
fully rich in miniatures and initials, is the work
of Johannes de Cumis, and has also a singular
interest, showing resemblances to the frescoes of
the Campo Santo in Pisa. Till recently it had
passed for the Livre d'Heures of Bianca Maria
Visconti, wife of Francesco Sforza (1441) but ;
in the Centralblatt fiir Bibliothehsu-esen, May,
1902, p. 239, Dr. Franz Boll, the scholarly
Keeper the Manuscripts at the Munich
of
published his discovery that the
Library,
mother of Violante was the owner of the book.
He thinks that it was a wedding present (1350)
for Blanche of Savoy. It is possible, although,
having studied the Livre d'Heures in con-
sequence of the note of Mr. Bromby, I have
found a prayer, "ut hunc mulieri nunc pro
angustia parturiendi ingemescendse tui regni
superveniat auxilium." But this prayer can
also be referred to later years, just as prayers are
added after the death of Galeazzo "pro anima
famuli tui et consortis olim mei," and after the
death of the two daughters (Maria, 1362;
Violante, 1386), " concede peccatrici famulic
tuje BlancJie, &c., ut sint in laudem et honorem
gloriosi nominis tui et mihi et unico nato meo
Galea~:o, comite [sic] virtutum." Almost on
every page of the manuscript the allied arms
of the houses of Savoy and Visconti (the dragon)
are to be seen.
I should add that photographs of the minia-
tures of this memorable Livre d'Heures (Cod.
Lat. 23,215, Cod. C. pict. 42, signature of the
Munich Library) are to be purchased of Mr.
Carl Teufel, Court photographer of Munich, and
that they are numbers 1783-1800 of the series
'
Photographische Einzel. aufnahmen aus den
Schiitzen der K. Hof- und Staatsbibliothek in
Miinchen' (see Veidralbluli fiir Bibliotlteksvesen,
I.e., p. 229 ff.). Dr. Max Maas.
05
THE MARRIAGE AND BURIAL CEREMONIES
OF THB OLD PERSIANS.
Shangliiil, Mny.'.tb, Uh>2.
Having with the object of throwing:
lately,
light on the ethnology of Central Asia, beer*
making a study of the old Chinese historical
writing.s, I lighted in the 'Wei Shu,' a work-
written towards the close of the sixth century,
on a most interesting description of Persia
under the Sassanians, which does not appear
to have been previously translated. I have,
therefore, given a rendering of the descrip-
tion so far as it throws light on the marriage
and burial customs, for our knowledge of
which we have been hitherto dependent on the-
Greek writers.
Especially has doubt been thrown on the
It will be
seen that the practice was largely prevalent,
according to the Chinese author, amongst all
classes. Neither it nor the custom of exposing,
the dead was universal, nor do they seem
to have been in ;iny way compulsory. So also
the position occupied by the magi with respect
to the proceedings of the courts of justice is-
interesting when compared with the statements-
of Ammianus. The names, clearly old Persian,
of the functionaries about the Court of the
Sassanian Shahs and the titles of address are
likewise noteworthy.
was Posz' (Fars) his personal name Sz'-dso-
;
kam-yangchwang, probably Yezdegird II. ;.
in Greek, which apparently more closely than
modern Persian represented the old form,
Is-de-k-ar-d.
'WEI SHU,' CHAP. CII.
"The king of this country lias under him ten
ministers small teeth J to whom he commits the
[lit.,
government when lie desires to retire for a time.
Each year in the fourth month he withdraws to
country quarters, returning in the tenth. On his-
accession the king inscribes secretly in a book kept
at his treasury the name of that oue of his sons-
whom he considers most capable and this entry is-;
kept concealed from his most intimate ministers-
On his death the book is opened in the presence of
all, and he whose name is therein entered succeeds-
to the throne. In order to prevent plots, the other
brothers are provided with governments in the more
distant provinces.
" His subjects address the king with I-cha [t]-fi *
[apparently gome such form aslvhordiid bavi, with
which we may compare A.-S. 'Wajshrel 'J or Fang-
pu-lu [this latter isi, of course, the Facfur of Marco
Polo (book ii. chap. Ixv.). which Yule correctly
identifies with old Persian 13aga-putraJ. The king's-
sons are addressed as SIialt]-ye Takwan Shali-
zade. The Mo-hu-dan [the Moghudan, the Maube-
dan Mausedof Darmesteter(Mihir Yasht, 11.5, note)]
superintends litigation. The Ni-fa[t]-lian [^Zend
Nidhutan] has the superintendency ot the lioyal
Treasury. The Khal-kam-sa-tso has the superintend-
ency of letters and books, and all things apper-
taining thereto. After these are the A-lo-ho-di,
having charge of the king's private aiFairs, and
the Bi[k]-po-pu[t] [Zend Vicpo-paiti Gr. Pa-
;
narchegos], who has command of the entire forces,
and under whom are the various affairs of the-
dei>endent chiefs.
"The soldiers have mailarmour.and carry in round
cases javelins they have also crossbows and ordi-
;
nary bows and arrows. In war they use elephant
carriages, attached to each of which is a squadron
of a liundred men.
"Grave crimes are punished by the perpetrator
being suspended from a post and killed by shoot-
ing arrows secondarily, by being cast bound into-
;
in the latter case it is customary to grant
prison ;
a release on the accession of a new king. Lighter
crimes are punished by cutting off the nose, or
perhaps only the hair. Sometimes one half of the
scalp is shaved and a tablet affixed to the neck, so
intlicting disgrace on the offender. Itobbers antl
thieves are bound and left to die. Illicit inter-
course with the wives of distinguished men or
with boys, and adultery, are punished by cutting,
off the nose and ears, and by fine, according to the
gravity of the case.
Irhatfu. Tills is partly tranalatlon, partly translltem-
" heal," and
lion. The Chi liineee word used here for / meaiiB
is actually connected with Sans, inrin-j. whole,
the /.end
haurvn, whence haunatat, Hlntc of wlioleneee, on wlilcl*
Ch. icliait), essence of healinK. Is a play. Cf. th<> similar
salutation In Bal.ylon mentioned l>y Uaukl king, live
: "O
for ever :
 ;

90 THE ATHENiEUM N" 3899, July 19, 1902

"The taxes on (he land are assessed in silver or
copper. The custom of the land is to worship the
Spiritof Fire [A huraniazdao.'j and Heaven [Mi tlira/j.
The written characters are similar to those of the
Many,* indill'erently rich or mean,
liu books.
^select their wives or concubines from amongst their
own eisters or female relations. Truly the con-
nexions of these barbarians are stinking and filthy
I
Amongst the people the women are already well
<ieveloped in outer appearance at the age of twelve
years or upwards. For the education of the kings
inen of merit at high salaries are engaged.
" With regard to the dead, many leave their corpses
on the hills, where they lie exposed for a month.
Living apart from the others outside the towns are
men whose sole occupation is to perform the rites
of sepulture, and who are esteemed so unclean that
when they enter a town they have bells suspended
from their garments to warn off their fellows. When
28 vols., 1895-8, 3.5/. Boswell's Life of Johnson, The volume contains the correspondence of
extra illustrated with 330 portraits, &c., 1820, the second Earl of Albemarle, who succeeded
17/. 10s. Ackermann's University of Cambridge,
Cumberland as Commander-in-chief in Scot-
2 vols., 18L5, 13/. 15s.; College.s of Winchester, land in July, 174G. The circumstances
Ac, 1816, 19/. Microcosm of London, 3 vols.,
;
attending the Prince's escape on September
1811, 20/. Shelley's Works, Kelmscott Press,
Morris's Earthly Paradise,
20th, hitherto somewhat obscure, are
3 vols., 1895, 23/.
described in considerable detail, and the
8 vols., ibid., 1897,19/. 10s. Chaucer, Kelmscott,
vexed question as to the name of the French
1896, 89/.
Messrs. Puttick &
Simpson sold on Wednes- ship which carried him from Scotland is
day an interesting collection of books, including determined. The volume will be illus-
several volumes from the library of John Clare. trated by portraits of the second and third
We hardly expected that they would be offered
Earls of Albemarle, and by reproductions of
after what had been said but they were allowed
;
Jacobite prints from the British Museum
to go for sale and realized high prices. The fol-
collection.
lowing are some of the more important items :

tix months have elapsed from the time of death a Lamb's Works, 2 vols., 1818, uncut, with auto- Mr. BENJA:\rix Kilid leaving England
is
ttrange rite is performeii, which is repeated on the graph inscription of the author, 09/. Elia, 1823, ; for South Africa in connexion with economic
seventh day of the seventh month, and on the first
similarly inscribed, 88/. Prince Dorus, 62/. studies on which he is engaged. Since the
day of the twelfth month i on those days each ;

f the survivors sends out an invitation to a festive Coleridge's Poems, 1797, 7/. 15s. Egan's Life publication of Principles
'
of Western
mooting where they have music and general jollity. in London, 1822, uncut, 15/. FitzGerald's Civilization' he has been occupied with
Ou the 20th of the first month of each year sacrifices Six Dramas of Calderon, 1853, 8/. 5s. Keats's articles of some length for the Encyclopeedia '

are offered to the departed. Poems, 1817, 25/. Endymion, 1818, 14/.;
"In the year 518 a mission arrived from Persia
;

Britannica.' One of them deals with the

bringing presents. The envoy announced that the
Lamia, 1820, 13/. 5s. (the last three items
were in half-calf). Tennyson's Poems by Two application of the doctrine of evolution to
T'ientsze of the Great Nation (Persia), himself born
of Heaven (i.e., Bagaputra), desired that there should Brothers, 1827, uncut, 39/. Waller's Poems, society. The article on sociology in the
be perpetual peace between him and the Emperor, first edition, 1645, 14/. 16s. Walpole's Royal new edition will also be contributed by Mr.
and joined in wishing thousands and myriads and Noble Authors, 1758, 8/. Esquemeling's Kidd.
of blessings on him. From this time onwards
Bucaniers of America, 1684, 15/. 10s. Aristotle, A newprose work by the Poet Laureate,
unssions were frequent."
this mission, it would seem that
De Animalibus, 1476, 7/. Blagrave's Mathe- Haunts of Ancient Peace,' with
Regarding entitled '

matical Jewel, 1585, 6/. Boccaccio's Tragedies

some half century earlier China had dispatched
of Princes, Way land, n.d., 5/. Diirer Society, numerous illustrations by Mr. E. H. New,
a mission to Persia, which was returned, the will be published early in the autumn by
4 vols., 6/. 15s. Hakluyt's Voyages, 3 vols.,
Shah sending amongst other things a present of Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
34/. Lydgate's Auncient Historie, 1555, 6/.
elephants. These were delayed in Khotan, the
.vuler which thought he had some claims on
of
Parkinson's Paradisi in Sole, 45/. Voragine, Mr. Voynich's exhibition of unknown
Legenda Aurea, 1483, 8/. 10s. books Soho Square, which was to have
at
China. The Emperor remonstrated strongly on
this conduct, which led to the mission being closed this week, will now remain open
.permitted to proceed. The object of the embas- until the 26th, owing to a most important
HiterarB ossfp.
sies seems to have been to form a league against
discovery viz., the fragment of a MS. map
the rising power of the first Turkish empire, then Mr. Pisher Unwin will shortly publish of the world on the equidistant Polar pro-
assuming prominence. The Persian monarch a translation of M. Emile Boutmy's 'Essai jection, 1522-1523, which has been de-
here referred to was Kobad, whose father, Firuz, d'une Psychologie Politique du Peuple scribed by Mr. E. G. Eavenstein.
had been killed in battle by these Turks. Anglais au XIX*^ Siecle.' The volume is a
.Kobad's son and successor, the celebrated The short stories in the August Temple Bar
study of the English nation of the present The Man of Lucky Accidents,' a
Anushirwan, entered into an alliance with these include '

same Turks, the result of which was the de-
struction of the Ephthalite kingdom of the
Indo - Scyths, a nation whose history is lost,
day in its political, social, and moral aspects, character study, by Miss Emma Brooke
and the causes which have led to the for- '
Vashti,' an episode in the life of a London
mation of the British character are discussed. The End
beauty, by Mrs. Stella M. Diiring ;
'

but whose rulers had certainly Gothic affinities. The August An

Blackwood opens with '
pays for All,' an Anglo-Indian sketch, by
Tho.s. W. Kingsmill. Isolated Case,' by Mr. E. Poxwell, late Miss Elizabeth M. Moon a legend of A ;
'

professor in the University of Tokyo, in Gate-House,' which contains a supernatural

SALES.
Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge sold
on the 11th inst. a selection of valuable sporting
books from the library of Sir Daniel Cooper,
which, like De Quincey, he reproduces the element; and 'Amid the Leopold Fastnesses,'
sensations of the mind while in a state of which shows how a Scotchman defeated a
exaltation in his case the result of delirium native tribe. A visit to Tennyson is described

iBart., among which were the following Annals

while suffering from smallpox in Japan. in A Spring Day at Farringford '; Mr.
'

Sir R. Hamilton Lang recounts the pro- Trowbridge sketches the romantic history
:

of Sporting and Fancy Gazette, 1822-38, uncut,

167i. Apperley's Life of John Mytton, first
edition, 1835, 18J. 10*-. Carey's Life in Paris, first
edition, 1822, 301. Boxiana, by P. Egan, 5 vols.,
1818-29, 2U. ; Life in Loudon, 1821, 481.
;
Finish to the Adventures of Tom and Jerry,
1830, 59L Anecdotes of the Turf, 1827, 12/. 10s,
J. S. Gardiner, Art and Pleasures of Hare-
Hunting, 1758, lOL bs. Songs of the Chace,
1788, 9L 156-. Rawatorne's Gamonia, 1837,
i)?. 10s. Real Life in Ireland, first edition,
large paper, 1821, Vd. 10s. Scrope's Art of
Deer Stalking and Salmon Fishing, first edi-
tions, 2 vols., 1838-43, 20L Surtees's Jorrocks's
Jaunts, first edition, 1839, 232. The English
Spy, first edition, 2 vols., 1825-6, 2U. 10s.
Aiken's National Sports, 50 plates, 1825, 2QI. 10s.
T. Blundeville's Foure Chiefest Offices belonging
to Horsemanshippe, 1565-6, 121.
White's Sel-
borne, first edition, 1789, 101. 15s. Aiken's
National Sports, first edition, fol., 1821, 08/.
A Cockney's Shooting Season in Suffolk, 1822,
16/.; National Sports, 1823, 43/. Redouti^, Les
gress of Cyprus under British rule, and
emphasizes the benefits accruing to our
dependencies from the business methods
introduced by Mr. Chamberlain into our
colonial administration. With the Pearlers'
of N.W. Australia' describes a unique
and little-known outpost of the empire.
'
On the Heels of De Wet,' and Episodes
in the Adventures of M. D'Haricot' are
continued. Other features of the number
are *A Season in Skye,' and a short story
by Mr. Stephen Gwynn,
Brigid's Flood.'
Mrs. Craigie has written a paper on the
Greek heroine in modern fiction which will
appear in the August number of the English
lllKstrated Magazine, under the title of Ival-
;
liste in Exile.' To the same number Mrs.
Bullock W^orkman is contributing an article
on Mountaineering in the Himalayas.'
*
of Martinique; and Mr. Montefiore Brice
records his experience of the ways and cus-
toms of the Samoyedes in '
The Lord of the
Reindeer.'
Before her death Mrs. Alexander Hector
(better known to the novel-reading public
as Mrs. Alexander) had passed for press the
'
proofs of a new novel entitled 'Stronger
than Love.' The book will be published
by Mr. Fisher Unwin next week. Mrs.
Alexander was a prolific novelist, with a
entitled '
St.
gift of fluent narrative and a just apprecia-
Without
tion of English middle-class life.
attaining distinction, she stood, by her
reasonable style and naturalness, above
many lauded makers of fiction. She died
last Thursday week at the age of seventy-
'
seven.
A VALUABLE coUection of sporting and

other books, chiefly with coloured plates,

Liliacdes, 1807, 82/. ; Les Roses, 1817-24, 84/.
Choix des plus belles Fleurs, 1827, 31/. Ridin-
; The New Spalding Club will shortly will be offered by Messrs. Puttick & Simp-
ger's Various Hunting Scenes, Animals, &c., publish '
The Albemarle
Papers,' edited by son on July 30th. Many of the items are
581 plates, 45/. 13s. R. L. Stevenson's Works, Mr. C. Sanford Terry. The papers are of great rarity, and the majority of the

* To, the word hereand lower down translated as " many,"

drawn from the Scottish State Papers, the works are in fine uncut state. Included in
may imply " the many," the majority. It does not mean Additional MSS. in the British Museum, and the catalogue are Annals of Sporting,'
'

that the practices described are universal. the collection of Col. H. W. Feilden, C.B. 13 vols., uncut; Eowlandson's *
Comforts of

N-'SSOO, July 19, 1902
Batli' Aiken's' National Sports,' 'Analysis
;
of the Hunting Field,' Specimens of Eiding,'
and many others illustrated by the same
the first three editions of the Life of
Mytton'; Grimm's
original boards,
*
Humourist,' 4 vols., in similar state The
Eoadster's Album,' an exceptionally rare
work on coaching The Life of a Ixace-
horee Loyal Volunteers,' uncut
'
;
'
and
many other rare works of a similar nature.
Theke are a few very important and
many interesting books in the five days'
sale which Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson &
Hodge will commence on Monday next. One
of the scarcest is a copy of the first edition
of Wordsworth's Grace Darling,' which '
was privately printed at Carlisle in 1838,
and of which the only other copy to appear
in the market was Mr. Crampon's in 1896
(it realized 321.]. This second copy is also
a presentation one, " from W. Words-
worth, Jun., to the Eev. Thus. Hutchinson."
This sale includes an extraordinary number
of first and other editions of Sir Walter
Scott, 'Waverley' and 'Guy Mannering,'
both in the original boards and uncut, being
among them. A well-authenticated portrait
of Alexander Pope, by Jonathan Eichard-
son, on canvas, 24 in. by 19 in., forms one
of the lots. Of the two lots of early Paris
newspapers special mention may be made
of a comparatively long run of the Ju/'nial
de Paris (July-September, 1789), the first
French daily newspaper.
The present number of the Edinlurcjli
Review concludes the hundredth year of its
publication. The October issue will con-
tain an article dealing with the whole history
of the Eevieu-, together with some portraits.
The Committee of the City of Lincoln
Public Library are endeavouring to form as
complete a collection as their means will
permit of literature connected with the city
and Lincolnshire. They have already
acquired 602 volumes of this character, and
also a large number of engravings, prints,
and maps. We are glad to see this interest
in local history, and hope it will meet with
proper support. The Committee propose
shortly to publish a special catalogue relat-
ing to this department.
The August Zd'^iMre Ilour includes accounts
of 'A Bee Farm in New Zealand,' 'The
Eegalia of Scotland,' by Mr. George Thow,
and Tokyo, the Capital of Japan,' by Mr.
'
Douglas Sladen. 'The Present State of
Milton's Cottage is discussed in an illus-
' Education, Scotland, Eeport by the Ac-
trated article by Tighe Hopkins; the cus-
toms of fifty years ago are described in a
paper entitled When I was Young'; while
' for England and Wales under the Endowed
Mr. Edward Porritt writes on the Indian
Reservations of the United States.'
A C0ERESP0>'LEXT writes
" In reference to that branch of letters which
has generally been esteemed the higliest, it
appears that some forty favounible reviews can
no longer sell a dozen copies of a Itook. Such at
least is the experience drawn from two recent
volumes. Criticism may err, but if any interest
in the higher departments of literary art
remained, surely a consensus of approbation
would, at least, arouse some curio-sity.
In
England, at all events, serious art seems
daily more despised. Instead we have per-
sonaUties and popular cMches, snippets which
debauch the memory, and stories which degrade
the taste."
; ;
THE ATHEN^UM
The most interesting souvenir of the
' Dumas centenary is an amazingly cheap
publication, at a franc, Alexandre Dumas '
' en Images,' issued by the Librairie Nilsson.
'Stories,' 2 vols., Here we have the novelist caricatured and
uncut ; Cruikshank's portrayed from every possible point of view
;
'
by his contemporaries. There is nothing
any of the caricatures, for Dumas
vicious in
;
had no enemies except his creditors. In
the Images the various phases of his life
;
' '
are fairly represented, his passion (and
genius) for cooking not being forgotten.
In addition to the illustrations, the publica-
tion is furnished with a short sketch of the
novelist's career and a reprint of the eulogy
pronounced by About at the inauguration of
the Dumas statue at Paris in 1883.
The Frankfurter Zeitung records the death
at Petersburg of Alexander von Eeinholdt,
the literary historian, in his forty- seventh
year. His Geschichte
'
der russischen
Literatur," which appeared seventeen years
ago, still holds its place as the best German
work upon the subject.
Bakox Erxst yojt Wolzogex,
novels enjoy great popularity in Germany,
has arranged to bring out English and
American editions. The
translated will be 'Kraft-Mayr' ('Muscle-
Mayr'), in which the composer Liszt
figures among the characters. It will
appear before the end of the year.
The death is announced from Budapest
of Dr. Schwicker, Professor of the
Language and Literature, and author of a
number of works, among them Die
letzten Eegierungsjahre der Kaiserin Maria
Theresa '
Die Zigeuner in Ungarn.'
and ' earlier phase of development is seen in the
Dr.KarlWessely, the Austrian papyrus
expert, has found in a Vienna papyrus some
new sayings of Diogenes the cynic. Although
the papyrus as a whole is in a wretched
condition, several columns are still legible.
It contains, besides the proverbs, a
of tales about the philosopher, as Diogenes
and the watchmen, Diogenes in the barber's
shop, and Diogenes and
Wessely thinks that the
formerly contained about
stories. It is hoped that
" find" will soon be edited and
Eecent Parliamentary Papers include a
Eeport of the Historical MSS. Commission
on Manuscripts in the Welsh Language,
Statute made by
Vol. II. Part I. (Is. 9f/.) ;
Wadham College with regard to the Pension
to be assigned to a retired Warden (if/.)
countant - General (6f/.) Eeport of the
; Experts alone can test the value and accuracy
Proceedings of the Charity Commissioners
' Schools Acts for the Year 1901 {\d.) Board
of Education, Draft Order in Council modi-
:
fying regulations contained in the (Jrder of
March 6th, 1902 (If/.) Supplementary ;
Eegulations for Secondary Day Schools and
for Evening Schools (4r/.) and a Blue-
book containing Lists of Associations con-
stituted under the Voluntary Schools Act,
1897, Associated Schools and Amounts of
Aid Grant paid, and Unassociated Schools
and Amounts of Aid Grant paid (8^f/.).
SCIENCE
NATURAL I1I.ST0RV,
A Unicersity - Book
Textof Botany. By
Douglas Houghton Campbell, Pli.D. (Mac-
mill.in & Co.)
" In the preparation of the pre-
sent volume," says the author, " an attempt has
been made to present in as compact a form as
possible an outline of the e.s.sentials of modern
botany." We may congratulate the author on
the success of his attempt. There was no room
for much novelty in the arrangement of
materials, but the presentment of the details is
concise, lucid, and up to date. It i.s, by reason
of its condensation, not a book which we should
place in the hands of a beginner, but to
more advanced students it will be of very great
value. The account of what were once called
cryptogamous plants is of special interest. For
details concerning the higher plants the author
has followed Engler and I'rantl, and as to
physiology, which is perhaps treated too con-
cisely, he owns his indebtedness to Pfeflfer.
Abundant bibliographical references are added
and a copious index.
The Hepatka: of the British Ides : being Figures
whose and Descriptions of all Joioun British Species,
By W. H. Pearson. Vol. I. Text Vol. II. ;
Plates. (Lovell Reeve & Co.) How the
humble little plants to the elucidation of
first one to be which the present volumes are devoted can
be "figures and descriptions" some students
will wonder. It requires an eft'ort of the ima-
gination even to think of them as the probable
pi'ogenitors of the highly developed (lowering
plants which now bedeck so much of the earth's
surface. Nevertheless, those students who
German think themselves justified in indulging in
genealogical speculations recognize in these
'
liverworts very early representatives of the
" phanerogams " of the present epoch. A still
green Alg;e, for which a watery environment is
mostly essential. Some of the.se simple plants
somehow or other proved their capability of
living under other conditions and of becoming
terrestrial in their habits. Be this as it may,
there is still great gap between the rela-
a
number tively simple reproductive apparatus of the
"
Algte and the " antheridia " and "archogonia
of the Hepaticte, whilst the alternation of
his stick. Dr. generations so conspicuous in them is hardly
existent among the Algfe. The comparative
roll must have
investigation of the peculiarities of these plants
300 of these
is, therefore, a matter of supreme importance
his interesting to the botanist, whether from the point of view of
published. the determination and classification of the species
or the standpoint of the genealogist. Mr.
Pearson's elaborate monograph is mainly devoted
to the description and arrangement of the
species but the facts he has got together and
;
marshalled will also he serviceable to those
concerned with broader generalizations. It is
difficult to say too much in praise of the way
in which this monograph has been compiled.
of the book as to details, but every naturalist
can admire the patient labour and skilful
;
method which have been applied to its arrange-
ment. The descriptive matter occupies some
five hundred pages, to which are added a com-
plete bibliography and a copious index. The
228 lithographed plates which constitute the
second volume furnisli an even greater testimony
; to the skill and patience of the author. By
"systematic" students such a book was greatly
wanted.
Natrire Stndij and Life. By Clifton F. Hodge.
(Ginn.) Prof. Hodge's new book on "nature
study " goes to show that proper methods of
education are proceeding on their way towards
general recognition. Many of the ideas and
suggestions, be they original or taken from other
sources, cannot fail to be of value to those who
wi.sh for the advancement of the subject under
consideration. Systems of nature study are

08
usually more or less one Hided, but it is hardly
fair to dub a man a faddist because he recognizes
that a point is in danger of being passed over
and purposely exaggerates its importance. Prof.
Hodge, if he dwells upon the economic aspect
of "nature study," claims to be fully alive to
its other possibilities, and his scheme has the
further merit of taking a new direction as well
as of having been put to the test in America.
A definition of "nature study" given at the
beginning of the book describes it as "learning
those things which are best worth knowing, to
the end of doing those things which make life
most worth living," and it is interesting to dis-
cover what interpretation is put upon the
words by Prof. Hodge. Although he brings
forward economic values as of the greatest im-
portance, he does not look at the question
from what is known as the utilitarian point of
view he suggests tasks which will be looked
;
upon rather as play, making the pupil active
instead of passive. In like manner the work of
the teacher becomes one of suggestion and not
of demonstration, and children are encouraged
to obtain knowledge through their own efforts.
For instance, the rearing of animals and plants
teaches them, it is contended, to look after
themselves or other human life entrusted to
their charge, and to respect property which
comes in their way. The system of nature
study thus elaborated is based by Prof.
Hodge upon a consideration of the evolution
of civilization man advanced as he got more
;
into touch with nature, as he domesticated
animals, raised crops, and thus obtained be-
longings. Hence it is that the course out-
lined in the book under review begins with
a chapter on 'Children's Animals and Pets.'
Insect study comes in for a large share of
attention, and simple methods of preserving sets
of them to show their story are well explained.
Museum specimens are not, however, to take
the place of living ones, but merely to serve as
indications as to what creatures and stages are to
be looked for. The aesthetic side is recognized
from time to time. A
special chapter deals
with the propagation of plants. In connexion
with science teaching, which most generally is
what passes for nature study in England, the
following passage may be quoted :
" la adult science wehave been studying dead
things so long, dissecting
and analyzing type forms
that we have well-nigh gone blind to the livin"'
active side of nature
but this has furnished the
;
primitive and fundamental, and must furnish the
larger future interests of mankind in nature.
So
completely does this side monopolize our college
and even university courses in biology that our
teachers know nothing else to teach. However
much value this may be for adult thought, when we
attempt to teach little children we must moult
it
Noteworthy
in this connexion is the story of the
toad, with the excellent illustrations accompany-
ing it. A
great deal of the work suggested,
apart from the study of ' Household
Insects
could be done out of doors ; and when a
calendar
showing the times at which plants come into
flower is mentioned the benefits of
rambles are
characterized. This side of the subject is not
however, made very much of, and in the chapters
on elementary forestry opportunities for making
observations in the fields and woods are
Many of the illustrations are very good some
lost!
are decidedly out of place as, for instance,
the
picture of the child leading the lion
and the
lamb others are needlessly dragged in or fail
; Dr. J. G. Galle completed the ninetieth year
to fulfil the promise of their titles. On
occasion,
the subject-matter becomes somewhat dry,
parts
of the chapter on injurious insects being
strongly
suggestive of an elementary handbook of
horti-
culture Prof. Hodge thus explains the
economic
scheme
side of his :
"With many, the financial motive is the strongest
we can bnng to bear to induce them to study or
allow their children to study nature. After
a begin-
ning has been made, others, and so-called
higher
motives may develope. There is the greater
need
ot enlarging upon the economic motive
because it
THE ATHEN^UM
has never been adequately brought before the public.
Our biological science has been too largely a dead
museum affair with little relation to the life of the
coniumnity. When we study nature alive and at
work, we beuin to realize the incalculable worth of
knowledge, the human value of science. A single
insect species, inconspicuous and uninteresting in
itself, like the San Jose scale or the codling moth,
has the power to destroy or cripple the fruit industry
of the entire country."
ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES.
Man July contains an interesting com-
for
munication by Mr. J. L. Myres on implements
and ornaments of the Yahgans of Fuegia, the
most southerly group of human beings in the
world. It points to the existence of a bone and
shell age of culture anterior to the stone ages,
as was suggested by Mr. Sproat in a paper read
in 18G7. These people made necklaces of the
bones of the cormorant and of segments from
the trachea of the wild swan used mussel shells
;
as tools for cutting and polishing ; and made
harpoon heads, 24 in. long, from a bone of a
whale. For producing the harpoons they con-
trived a tool of mussel shell lashed by a plaited
cord of whale's sinew to a pebble gathered from
the beach, but they had not acquired the art
of working or fashioning a stone implement.
Specimens of the objects referred to are in the
collection of the North American Missionary
Society at Cliff'ord's Inn, and are annotated by
Mr. R. M. Middleton. This tribe of island
fisher-folk is now reduced below 200in number,
and is still dependent upon the outer world for
all but the barest necessaries of life.
In the same monthly issue Mr. H. H. Risley
discusses the tatu marks of the Doms of
Jeypur, who form part of a large body,
numbering, in Upper India, 1| millions, and
are engaged in occupations considered to be
degrading as having to do with dead bodies
to superintend cremation, to assist at post
mortems in hospitals, to make discordant music
at marriages and festivals, and so forth. They
are also burglars. In explaining their marks
Mr. Risley dissents from the interpretation put
upon some of them by Mr. Fawcett. He asso-
ciates one of them with the grim worship of
the earth-mother characteristic of these people,
in which an enclosure is formed and streaks of
blood from the arm of the worshipper daubed
upon it, while he prays the goddess that dark
night may aid his designs, that his booty may
be ample, and that he and his gang may escape
detection. Two other tatu designs are explained
as embodying the folk-tale of King Haris-
Chandra and his wife, who reduced themselves
topenury by their largesse in charity.
Major Powell also contributes to Man a
paper on an American view of totemism but ; Navigation,' by Mr. Frederick Walker, dealing
as a furtherdiscussion of the question is
promised for the August number it may be
well to postpone any observations upon it.
'
The same subject is touched upon by Mr.
Andrew Lang in a communication in answer
to Mr. McDougall on the ' Supreme Being and
Totems in Sarawak,' in which he justly depre-
cates dogmatism on the question.
Dr. Beddoe contributes an instructive review
of Mr. Mackinder's book on the regions of the
world and Mr. Hartland a notice of Mr.
;
Bryce's lectures on the relations of the advanced
and backward races of mankind.
Upon the occasion of the exhibition by M.
.
Emile Riviere of various objects of the Mag-
dalenian epoch found in the cave of La Mouthe,
referred to in Athen., No. 3870, p. 879, a sug-
gestion was made that the deposit on the inner
surface of the lamp ornamented with a drawing
of the head of a wild goat should be subjected
to chemical analysis.
It was objected that all
traces of the composition burnt in the lamp
must long since have disappeared, but M.
Riviere acted upon the suggestion and sub-
mitted scrapings from the lamp to M. Berthelot.
He found that the substance was similar to the
residue left by burning oil in a lamp, and that
N3899, July 19, 1902
upon dry distillation it gave out an odour resem-
bling that which would be produced by animal
grease or lard.
About twenty Fellows of the Anthropological
Institute (including some ladies) visited the
museums of Cambridge on July 5th. At the Fitz-
william Mr. Myres gave a luminous address on the
Cyprian and other ceramic collections. At the
Museumof Archaeology and Ethnology the party
were most kindly received by Baron A. von
Hiigel, and greatly admired the effective manner
in which the collection of objects from Mexico
presented by Prof. Starr to the Folk-lore
Society had been arranged in shallow cases
around the entrance. They found the museum
itself wholly insufficient for the proper display
of the numerous and valuable archaeological and
ethnographic collections in the possession of the
University. The museum has a finer assem-
blage of objects from Fiji alone than any
other museum can show, and it is much
to be hoped that the University will proceed
with the project of building a worthy museum
of ethnology to take the place of the present
narrow and inconvenient building. At the
Anatomical Museum, which, under the wise
administration of Prof. Alexander Macalister,
has become rather an anthropological museum,
Dr. Duckworth made a selection of the more
typical objects with the view of explaining to
the visitors the educational value of the collec-
tions. Of this museum, which is also used
as a laboratory, the University may justly be
proud. The last visit paid was to the Torres
Straits and Sarawak collections, which are, for
the present, lodged in two dilapidated cottages
belonging to the University on St. Andrew's
Hill, and are suffering injury from damp. Dr.
Haddon, on whose memorable expedition these
collections were made, explained in his usual
clear and forcible manner the bearing of the
objects amassed by him on the daily life,
customs, and beliefs of the natives, and the
illustrations they afford of artistic taste and
mechanical skill. It was impossible to see
without regret so rich and instructive a collec-
Men of wealth who
tion so meanly housed.
are seeking opportunities of using it for the
diffusion of knowledge might well turn their
attention to the need that exists for the better
protection and more complete exhibition of the
great treasures of ethnography possessed by the
University of Cambridge.
SicitttU (^OMljl,
Messrs. Crosby Lockwood & Son have ready
for publication a volume entitled ' Aerial
with the construction of dirigible balloons and
other flying - machines ; and another on the
'Elements of Agricultural Geology,' by Mr.
Primrose McConnell, who describes the work as
a "scientific aid to practical farming," and aims
at expounding the relation of geological forma-
tions not only to the production of crops, but to
the evolution of live stock.
The Report of the Committee on Modern
Types of Boilers for Naval Purposes has just
been issued at the price of lid. ; and the Annual
Report of the Inspectors of Fisheries, England
and Wales (lli<?.).
of his age on the 9th ult., and in honour of
this the Breslau Observatory (of which he had
been for many years director) presented to him
two by
a Festschrift containing three papers :
Franz on a new method of helio-
Prof. Julius
metric lunar measurement and on the topo-
graphy of the west limb of the moon, and one
by Prof, Paul Neugebauer giving opposition-
ephemerides of fourteen small planets discovered
at Diisseldorf, a work which had been com-
menced under the superintendence of Dr.
Galle. All will remember that he was the first to
 N3899, July 19, 1902
see Neptune with a knowledge of its
character. He resides now at Potsdam.
Two new small planets were discovered at
the Konigstuhl Observatory, Heidelberg, on the
2Gth ult., the first by Prof. Max Wolf, and
the second by his assistant, Dr. Camera.
No. 475, which was discovered by Dr. Stewart
from a photograph taken with the Bruce tele-
scope at Arequipa, Peru, on August 14th, 1901,
has been named by him Ocllo, traditionally said
to have been the first Inca empress of Peru, and
daughter of the sun.
The observations of double stars made by
the late Dr. J. Jedrzejewicz at hia private
observatory at Plonsk in the year 1887 (on the
last day of which he died) were published about
a year ago by B. Merecki in a Polish journal,
but as that is so little accessible to astronomers
it has been thought well to reprint them in
No. 3802 of the Astronomisclie NncJiricliten.
We have received the fifth number of
vol. xxxi. of the Memorie della Societa degli
Sjjettroscopisti Italiani, the principal papers in
which are notes by Prof. Ricco on a new
spectroscopic construction of the objective, and
by Drs. Vittorio and Boccara (in continuation of
a previous note) on the diurnal variation of
atmospheric refraction.
FINE ARTS
ART HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
William Hogarth. By G. Elliot Anstruthor.
(Bell & Sons.) This little book, if it contains
nothing new, at least supplies as adequate an
account of Hogarth's life as is possible within
such restricted limits. As a criticism of the
earliest master of the British school of
painting it is hardly so complete. In some-
what cumbrous English the author moralizes
upon some of Hogarth's best-known prints, but
has evidently no idea of his power and origi-
nality as a painter. The exercise of that power
was undoubtedly intermittent, though for just
the converse of the reasons given in the book.
Hogarth painted usually in a way which would
engrave well. In consequence he is often too
"tight," too precise, and too definite. When
his taste was untrammelled by the thought of
future translation into black and white he could
paint as freely, as broadly and decisively, as the
most brilliant of moderns no small achieve-
ment for one whose artistic isolation was so
absolute. 'The Shrimp Girl' in the National
Gallery and The Enraged Musician at Oxford
' '
have long ago established Hogarth's reputation
as a painter beyond the range of popular
criticism.
Thomas Gainsborough, R.A, By Mrs.
Arthur Bell. (Bell & Sons.) Mrs. Arthur
Bell's contribution to Messrs. Bell's dainty
miniature series is a thoroughly well-contrived
compilation. One point only calls for protest.
A far more elaborate work on Gainsborough,
published two or three years ago, made an ill'-
adyised efi"ort to exalt its subject, both as an
artist and a man. By depreciating the merits
of Reynolds, both as an artist and a man,
Mrs. Bell has unfortunately followed too closely
in the footsteps of her predecessor, and her com-
mentson Reynolds's 'Fourteenth Discourse' only
show either that she has not read the original
carefully or that she has failed to understand
it. Her book is otherwise so pleasantly and
sensibly written that it would be unfair to judge
its single failing too hardly.
Sir Edwin Landseer. By .James A. Manson.
(Walter Scott.) Landseer, fortunately, is not
one of " The Makers of British Art " (the title
of Mr. Walter Scott's series), and the volume
before ua is tastelessly bound and illustrated
with small reproductions of line engravings.
Mr. Manson, too, writes as if the bub]>Ie of
Landseer's enormous popular reputation (his
THE ATHEN^UM
planetary will was proved for 200,000/.) had not burst
long ago. Nevertheless, with all these deduc-
tions, the book is by no means a bad one. The
reader who is interested in painters' gossip of
the early part of the last century will find in it
plenty of anecdotes of the late Queen and the
Prince Consort, of Samuel Rogers, the Duke of
Wellington, Count D'Orsay, and many others,
which serve to make the volume light reading.
The account of Landseer's work is careful and
conscientious, while the author's estimate of
Landseer as a man is singularly impartial. It
is only in dealing with Landseer as a painter
that Mr. Manson fails. He does not seem to
have realized that Landseer, with all his wonder-
ful gift of imitating the texture of fur and
feathers, of hair and wool, was not a great painter,
only a very clever one. Nor does he recognize
that although Landseer discovered a new means
of exploiting popular humour and popular senti-
mentality, he was not in any way a creative
designer, and was a positively bad colourist.
Landseer's own remark to Mr. Frith, R.A., " If
people only knew as much about painting as I
do they would never buy my pictures," was not
so far from the truth as his biographer seems
to imagine.
Little Engravings, Classical and Contemporary.
No. Albrecht Altdorfer. With an Introduc-
1.
tion by T. Sturge Moore. No. 2. William
Blake, With an Introduction by Laurence
The
Binyon. (Unicorn Press.)
conception of
this series of reproductions is as admirable and
original as anything that has come from the
Unicorn Press, whence have already proceeded
many bold and praiseworthy adventures in the
use of modern methods of reproduction with a
view to popularizing the best work of the old
masters. So far as author and publisher are
concerned everything seems to have been con-
sidered which could make these books really
perfect. The shape, the paper, the type, and
the design of the cover give evidence of scru-
pulous taste and sound judgment. The effect
of the unprepared vellum backs with their gold
lettering, and the grey paper of the cover with
its restrained and well-spaced design, is as suc-
cessful as it is novel, and deserves the highest
praise. Unfortunately, however, the best-laid
plans of publisher and author may fail through
the caprice or negligence of the printer, and these
books have one serious defect. Accustomed
as the modern printer is to smooth, artificially
faced papers, which take the impressions of the
blocks without any care or humouring, he not
unfrequently has lost the skill requisite for
printing on a really good, unadulterated paper,
and either allows the shadows to clog with ink
or else makes his blacks appear as a faint and
broken grey. Some such catastrophe has, we
suspect, occurred in the present case. The
reproductions of Altdorfer in particular have
suffered severely at the printer's hands. In
spite of this, however, the book is one of great
charm, bringing together as it does a large
body of work of one of the most fascinating of
German artists, and also allowing Mr. Moore
an opportunity for a beautifully written essay
on the relation of the beauty discovered by the
artist's imagination to the means by which that
beauty is conveyed to others, the relation
between the idea and its expression. The fol-
lowing sentence conveys a truth on this matter
which cannot be too often proclaimed at the
present time, when oil painters imitate the
quality of pastel, and pastellists try to get
the solidity of oils
when watercolourists paint
with impasto, and etchers try to do without
lines :
" Each medium is by its nature more proper for
seizing certain features and less capable of express-
ing others the born craftsman is quick to appreciate
; the Trustees of the British Museum.) It is now
this, and so orders his inventions or construes his
I)erception8 as never to lay undue weight on the
weaker characteristics of his material tlie ordinary
;
professional expert, on the other hand, is never so
jileased as when lie has made some vehicle bear
99
wliat it \yiis ne\er meant to hear, and by the addition
of his skill forced it to lielie its own nature."
Mr. Moore then proceeds to speak of the
singular appropriateness of Altdorfer's designs
to the processes of wood engraving, a subject
on which his own practice in the art gives him
special authority.
In his view of Altdorfer's powers of imagina-
tion we are less entirely at one with him. We
think he claims for him rather too much. He
is not content that ho should be regarded as
a master of fantastic charm and the creator of
the most surprising and poetical conceits. Ho
insists on his dramatic power, comparing him in
this respect favourably with Diirer, and com-
plaining of a critic who said that he was
incapable of rising to the height of a great
tragic situation. SVe think that the present
work hardly bears out Mr. Moore's contention.
Altdorfer's conception of the misein-scene is, it is
true, sometimes vividly dramatic by reason of its
unexpected quaintness and originality, but in
his rendering of the actors themselves the note
of exaggeration and eccentricity deprives his
designs of the highest qualities of dramatic
expressiveness. He lacks the consoling urbanity
and dignity of a really grand style, and in pro-
portion as the subject demands this rather than
quaintness or intimacy he appears to us to fall
short of its demands. Such subjects, for
instance, as the Transfiguration
'
and the
'
'
Resurrection in the series of the Fall and '
'
Redemption of Man appear to us to be almost
'
ignoble. Or, if we compare the extravagance and
bravura of the Noli Me Tangere of the same
' '
series with the serenity and pathos, the real
humanity of Diirer's conception of the scene in the
'
Little Passion,' it becomes difficult to accept
completely Mr. Moore's contention.
In the second volume of the series we have
all Blake's woodcuts, in which, as Mr. Binyon
says, he worked "in an unusually happy
mood." In none
of his works do we
realize more than in these Blake's
fully
power of evoking not the objects themselves,
but the infinity they suggested to him. Mr.
Binyon's preface is entirely just and appropriate,
and written without any of the strong bias either
for or against Blake's work which most of that
artist's critics have displayed. He maintains,
what is certainly true, that Blake's work did not
sufi"er in the execution from any lack of skill
or training ; that in so far as it falls short of
completeness and absolute mastery it is rather
in the imperfect elaboration of the idea. But
this imperfection is, perhaps, less felt in the
woodcuts than in any other of his designs.
Mr. W. C. Brownell has republished, with
Messrs. Constable, his pleasant volume of
gossip on French Art: Classic and Contemporary
Painting and Sculpture, with numerous and
well-selected illustrations. He has also enriched
his text by a chapter on ' Rodin and the Insti-
tute,' which will bo particularly welcome to
those who are asking at the present moment
who Rodin may be, and why his admirers claim
for him so high a place in the ranks of con-
temporary sculptors. The " talk " in this
volume the word is used advisedly, for the
style is colloquial rather than literary is studio
talk of the lighter sort, and may present some
stumbling-blocks to the general reader, but in
the deciphering of unfamiliar terms ho will
be greatly helped by the prints, many of which
are good.
GREEK COINS.
Calaloque of the Greek Coins of L>idia. By
Barclay V. Head, D.C.L., Ph.D., Keeper of the
Department of Coins and Medals. With One
Map and Forty-five Plates. (Printed by order of
thirty years since this series <>f coin catalogues
was begun, and it is interesting to compare the
latest with some of the earlier volumes. The
general scheme is the same, and, as our readers
 too
know, has been the model for other series of
it
catalogues on the Continent, so that its merit
needs " no bush." But the utility of the volumes
has been greatly increased by the adoption of
photographic methods for the illustrations,
which at first were mere outlines. It is a
pity, however, that the sizes and weights of the
coins were not given in the decimal system as
well as in inches and grains. Tables are
appended, it is true, for conversion, but it is
convenient to have the thing done to hand
without wasting the student's time. Useful
additions to the book are a map of Lydia,
where cities which issued coins are marked
in red, and lists of magistrates and titles.
For these the researches of Ramsay and other
travellers have been used in the map, and
the work of Babelon and Imhoof-Blumer in the
lists. The coins of Lydia are especially interest-
ing from the early date of their beginnings,
which go back to the eighth century. There
ia much doubt, however, about the early series
of electrum coins, some which the editor himself
was once inclined to assign to Lydia being now
given to Miletus whilst the general resem-
; Mr. Ward's book is divided into two sections,
blance of electrum series of neighbouring
states sometimes makes it impossible to decide
where a particular series should be placed. One
early series alone is to be found in this book,
here placed because of the lion type which
closely resembles the gold and silver coins
of Crcesus, the same reverse being found in
both cases. They are now reproduced side by
side with the issue of Crcesus on one plate, and
the resemblance ia sufficiently obvious. A few
of the early coins show the lion's head in out-
line only, not in relief and the editor makes
; Asia, Africa, and even to Northern India, and
the interesting suggestion that these may come
from the Cimmerian barbarians who overran
Lydia in the eighth and seventh centuries. Mr.
Head also points out the extraordinary varia-
tions in the proportions of gold, which made it
impossible, without some test, to estimate the
value of a given weight and this was doubt-
;
less the reason why a bimetallic currency took
the place of the electrum. After Crcesus the
Lydian coins become more and more
consequently the history of each coining city
has to be discussed by itself. This is done in
the introduction, the cities being arranged alpha-
betically for convenience' sake. There is a large
gap during which the issue of coins ceases
altogether but from the time of Trajan it
;
quickly increases, chiefly in the northern parts
of the country. The information to be deduced
from coinage as to magistrates' titles, even as to
their terms of office, is summarized. Sometimes
the magistrate seems to have issued coins at his
own expense, when he stamped them with the
word dvidi]K in the imperial age this word had
;
lost its original religious meaning, and was con-
stantly applied to gifts of public munificence, so
that it is possible that we have here a public
largesse. Among interesting types we may men-
tion the horse and palm branch, which suggest
connexion with Thessaly (Aninetus) river-gods ;
at several places the axe-bearing hero in several
;
places, sometimes led by Hermes, suggestive of
the worship of the dead scenes from the Perseus
;
. legend (Daldis) head of a Persian magus in
;
tiara (Hieracome) a scene implying that
;
Anaitis had an oracle at Hyppepa a river-god
;
leaning against a shield (Hyrcanis) six lads ;
carrying a bull for sacrifice (Nysa) the serpent
;
of Asclepius coiled on the back of a horse, ex-
plained by Mr. Head as issued for a celebration
of Asclepian games (Philadelphia) Tylus re-
;
ceiving the herb of life as related by Nonnus
(Sardes) scenes from the story of lo (Tralles)
;
and a large number of local deities. The axe,
which has lately become interesting through
Mr. Evans's fanciful identification of the Laby-
rinth, occurs on many Lydian coins, and, so far
from being confined to Zeus, is "the character-
istic symbol both of the hero Tyrimnos and of
the sun-god Tyrimnrean Apollo" (p. cxxviii).
Mr. Head probably means attribute, but the
THE ATHEN^UM
statement as it stands is one which Mr. Evans
might well perpend.
Crreek Coiiis and their FaretU Cities. By John
Ward, F.S.A. Accompanied by a Catalogue
of the Author's Collection by G. F. Hill.
(Murray.) In the introduction to this extremely
interesting Mr. Ward tells us of its
work
origin and how
developed. Fascinated with
it
the beauty of Hellenic coins, of which he had
ac(|uired a few specimens as works of art, he
was induced to see the lands which had pro-
duced such delightful objects. With that view
he visited Southern Italy and Sicily, but, though
he found the pilgrimage pleasant and instruc-
tive, he was disappointed when he realized that
Greek coins could more easily be obtained at
home than in the lands of their origin. This
disappointment did not prove a deterrent, and
after some years of patient waiting he has been
able to bring together, if not a very extensive
collection, yet a charmingly select one from an
artistic point of view and one in a high state
of preservation, as can be judged from a glance
at the numerous plates illustrating the coins,
the first giving a description and illustrations of
his collection of Greek coins, the second an
"imaginary" itinerary through the various
countries in which the pieces were struck and
in which they were current. We should have
preferred a change in the order, and that the
itinerary should have preceded the description
of the coins. Though numbering under 1,000
pieces, the collection contains good repre-
sentative specimens from all the Greek coin-
striking world, stretching from Italy to Greece,
Bactria, where the successors of Alexander the
Great founded a kingdom which remained
Greek for over two centuries, and which pro-
duced coins remarkable not only for their
artistic merit, but also as bearing the finest
series ofroyal portraits ever issued. The
description of his coins was entrusted by
Mr. Ward to Mr. G. F. Hill, of the
Coin Department in the British Museum,
local, and whose intimate acquaintance with ancient numis-
matics is a guarantee for the accuracy of this
portion of the work. Mr. Ward was fortunate
in finding so able a coadjutor. So perfect is the
general condition of the collection that over
two-thirds of it were found capable of illustra-
tion either by the autotype process or by half-
tone blocks dispersed throughout the text.
Those who know the difficulty in getting fine
Greek coins will appreciate the discretion which
Mr. Ward has exercised in his selection. The
plates illustrating the coins are the best, we
believe, we have ever seen. So uniform through-
out is the collection that it would be difficult to
say in which section it particularly excels. Natu-
rally the Italian and Sicilian coins are the most
attractive ; but those of Greece proper and Asia
are so full of character that to the experienced
eye they are equally charming. Mr. Hill has
limited his labours to a simple description of
each individual specimen, with its size and
weight; and it is therefore with all the more
interest that we turn to Mr. Ward's descrip-
tive itinerai-y. Though he
calls it an "imagi-
nary " tour, it very evident that he is per-
is
sonally acquainted with most of the places of
which an account is supplied. This mode of
illustrating a coin catalogue is a novel one
and though the author excuses himself when
he says that what he has written ia more
for the use of the general public than for
scholars, we do not admit any need for excuse,
:
as we have before us a most readable and
instructive volume. Following the order of the
coins themselves that is, beginning with Italy
and proceeding eastwards we have not only ex-
cellent views of the districts and cities described,
but also illustrations of the principal objects
which have been found on the various sites,
together with authentic portraits of philosophers,
poets, warriors, and physicians. The work
N%3899, July 19, 1902
brought up to date with accounts of the-
latest discoveries at Olympia, Cnossus,Cyprus,
and even in Egypt, where so much of late has
been done by Prof. Flinders Petrie and others,
not excepting the remarkable find of papyri at
Oxyrynchus by Mr. Grenfell and Mr. Hunt,
under the auspices of the Egypt Exploration
Fund. We only take exception as regards
the illustrations when the author introduces
modern pictures by Poynter, and such por-
traits as thf^se of "The Maid of Athens" and
Byron, which seem a incongruous in a
little
work of this nature. We fully endorse Mr.
Ward's remarks when he criticizes the pro-
ductions of the present age and suggests that
the Master of the Mint should encourage de-
signers to turn their attention to the study of
ancient coins, which would soon reveal to them
how far they are behind the times of ancient
Greece, and we might add even of Rome. This
defect becomes more apparent every day, anc^
stares us in the face when we handle the latest
productions of the Royal Mint.
MISS WILLIA:\ISS copies of VELASQUEZ.
At Pembroke Studios, Kensington, Miss
Williams has a small exhibition of copies from
works in the Prado and the Louvre. These are
noteworthy for their indications of a serious
attempt to render the actual quality of the-
originals. The fashion of having copies of
celebrated old masters has largely declined, and
the art of the copyist, as seen in our public
galleries, has sunk to its lowest ebb. The
majority of copyists make no effort to produce
their eflfects in the same way as they are pro-
duced in the original. They are content if a
positive opaque blue answers to a blue in the
same place in the original, regardless of the
fact that there it may be produced by the subtlest
superposition of many different tints. In fact,
they render the old masters in the haphazard
and sticky quality of modern oil paint, and if
they are skilful they usually overlay their work
with as much sentimentality of expression as
they can introduce without departing too far
from their originals. It is like translating the
classics into "journalese." There is, however,
we believe, a real use for translation into a
style as nearly approaching the dignity of the
original as is possible, a style based on a close
study of the methods of the masters in question.
This clearly has been Miss Williams's inten-
tion, and her copies have in consequence real
beauty. We would especially commend her ver-
sion of Velasquez's Don Juan of Austria for
'
'
its deep and luminous colouring. It is evident
that Miss Williams has inquired closely into the
technique of the masters she imitates. The
transparency and elusiveness of Velasquez's
paint are here quite distinct from Goya's harsher
and more insensitive treatment. In the copy of
the Villa Lemmi fresco by Botticelli in the
Louvre Miss Williams has had to transpose her
work into another medium, but it is surprising
how much of the spirit of the original work ia
retained, though the surface of "mat" oil colour
is of necessity much less atmospheric than that of
fresco. Tempera would, perhaps, have repre-
sented more nearly the efifect. In two ways, we
believe, Miss Williams might approach yet closer
to the quality of her originals first, by the
better selection of canvas, and, secondly, by the
;
use of a more liquid medium. In the copies of
Velasquez she uses a canvas of a kind much in
vogue in France, the grain of which has strongly
projecting rounded points this produces an
;
almost opposite eflect on the paint to the flat
and scjuare grain which the artists of the six-
teenth and seventeenth centuries generally
used. It is, of course, very difficult now to get
but some hand-woven canvases of
such canvas,
loose texture approach it very nearly. With
reward to the second point, we noticed that
wherever the paint was loaded as, for instance,
is in the doorway of the Meninas
' '
it had the
 N^SSQO, July 19,
peculiar sticky consistency which modern French
painters affect, but which artists like Velasquez
never allowed. The older masters always, we
believe, used a suthciently liquid medium to
enable them to draw each brush-stroke with a
free gesture the idea of pushing a thick clay
;
into the required position is a recent invention.
OXFORD TOPOGRAPHY.
Evesham, July Utb, 1902.
Green llill,
My attention has been called to your review
on June 28th of 'Some Impressions of Oxford,'
illustrated by myself. In it I am charged
generally with ''inaccuracy of detail," and,
in particular, with "showing us Tom Tower
"
standing at the end of the Corn.'
I should like to say that this drawing (and,
with the exception of one drawn from a photo-
graph, all those in the volume) was made on the
spot, and that all are substantially accurate, as
your reviewer would discover were he to visit
the spots and place himself in my position.
In the particular instance quoted, Tom Tower
will be found to dominate the street in a very
unexpected way from the point of view chosen,
and in the clear afternoon sunshine. It is
possible, however, that heavy printing may
have exaggerated the effect.
I may add that the cover was not designed by
me, nor am I in any way responsible for it.
SALES.
Messrs. Christie, Mansox & Woods
the 8th inst. the following engravings.
Hoppner Mrs. Parkyns, by C. Knight,
: 391.
Hon. Mrs. Bouverie, by J. R. Smith,
The Frankland Daughters), by W.
Sisters (The
Ward, 59/. After Reynolds Mrs. Sheridan as
St. Cecilia, by W. Dickinson, 1201. The Marl-
borough Family, by C. Turner, 491. Jane,
<I^ountess of Harrington, by Y. Green, o2l.
Mrs. Tolleraache as Miranda, by J. Jones, 39^.;
Master Crewe as Henry VIII., by J. R. Smith,
301.; Miss Mary Horneck, byR. Dunkarton, 30/.;
Miss Kelly O'Brien, by J. Watson, 291. Miss
Frances Kemble, by J. Jones, 34/.
Meyer as Hebe, by J. Jacobe', 291. Lady C.
Miss
Pelham-Clinton, by J. R. Smith, 49J. Lady
Betty Delme and Children, by V. Green, 84/.
After Peters The Gamesters, and The Fortune-
: other towns which employed Venetian handi-
Teller, by J. R. Smith, 03/. After Wheatley
Cries of London Oranges, by L. Schiavonetti,
-35/. ;Scarlet Strawberries, by Vendramini, 42/.;
Turnips and Carrots, by T. Gaugain, 115/.
After Lawrence Miss Croker, by S. Cousins,
07/. ;
:
Countess Gower and Child, by the
same, 25/. After Russell Lady Banks, by
J. Collyer, 33/. After Cosway Mrs. Fitz-
herbert, by J. Conde, 81/. By and after
W. Ward : After Romney
Louisa, 26/.
Louisa, Lady Stormont, by .T. R. Smith, 131/.
After Constable The Vale of Dedham, by D.
:
Lucas, 141/. The Works of Reynolds, 3 vols.,
331. The Works of Lawrence, 25/. The
Houghton Gallery of Engravings after the Old
Masters, 2 vols, (one plate missing), 35/.
The same tirni sold on the 12th inst. the fol-
lowing. Drawings: J. Maris, Ploughing, 194/.;
A Dutch River Scene, 157/. Pictures A.
Iseuhuys, The Cottage Children's Dinner,
262/. J. B. C. Corot, The Edge of a Wood,
fJ24/. ; A Road to a Village, 220/.
Scene, G51/. Sir .J. Gilbert, Rembrandt in his
Studio, 1.36/. Haynes Williams, Congratula-
tions, 199/. B. W. Leader, A Sunny Day on a
Shallow Stream, 304/.; An Autumn Sunset in
the Valley of the Lledr, 241/.
^int-^tt (assis.
The Summer Exhibition
Whitechapel Art Gallery will illustrate the life
and art of the Japanese. The attendance
Chinese Exhibition last summer 140,000
1902 THE ATHENiEUM
weeks
has encouraged the organizers to go
on with their work. The Exhibition will bo
opened by the Japanese Consul-( General on
Wednesday next, and will be open to the
public from July 24th to September 3rd, Sun-
days included. A special feature of the Exhibi-
tion will be an exceptionally fine collection of
Japanese paintings and colour-prints, which Mr,
Arthur Morrison is arranging. Mr. Alfred
Parsons, Mr. Frank Dillon, and other English
artists are contributing pictures of
the European point of view.
The Exhibition of French
English
Painters of the eighteenth century at the Guild-
hall closes on the evening of Saturday,
July 26th.
'
'
William Hogarth,' by Mr. Austin Dobson,
with an introduction on Hogarth's workman.ship
by Sir Walter Armstrong, a bibliography relating
to his works, a catalogue of prints by or after
Hogarth, and also of his pictures, is announced
by Mr. Heinemann. Of this large imperial
quarto, which will be highly desirable, but
beyond ordinary purses, only a limited number
will be available.
The Louvre possesses about 40,000 draw-
ings which cannot be exhibited owing to lack
of space. The variety and interest of this
enormous collection cannot be fully realized
until a complete descriptive catalogue is pub-
Edmund H. New. lished, and this the authorities of the Louvre
will shortly provide. If the Louvre catalogue
is as thorough as that which Mr. Binyon has
compiled of the drawings by British artists in
sold on the British Museum its value will be great.
After The death of the distinguished genre, land-
; scape, and flower painter Ignaz Seelos took
d4d. place recently in Vienna in his seventy-fifth
;
year. In addition to his own paintings he
:
assisted his brother, the late Gottfried Seelos,
; in some of his works. He also published a
; volume entitled 'Slid Tiroler Trachten.'
;
The Municipal Council of Bordeaux decided
a
few days ago but not without considerable
opposition
to purchase the Danaii of M.
Carolus Duran, which was exhibited at the last
;
Salon of the Soci^td des Amis des Arts, the
;
;
price being 12,000 francs. The Municipal
Council of Paris has ratified the purchase of
;
M. Boilly's picture Distribution de Vin aux
'
Champs- Elyse'es '
for 33,000 francs.
authorities have accepted the design for the
:
monument to Gavarni by M. Denis Puech
this will be erected in the Place Saint-Georges.
M. de Nolhac, Conservateur of the Musde
of Versailles, is preparing in the upper part of
the chateau
"L'Attique du Nord " four new
:
rooms which will be devoted to the Louis XIII.
:
period. These new rooms will, it is expected,
be opened at the end of next month, and the
:
exhibits will include pictures of battles, por-
traits of eminent men, and so forth, chiefly
the chateau of Richelieu in Touraine, which was
destroyed about a century ago. Two of the
chief portraits are a very fine picture of the great
cardinal in his robes and another of Anne of
Austria as Wisdom, both the work of Philippe
de Champaigne.
The fall last Monday
the Campanile
of
: of St. Mark's, involving serious damage to
neighbouring ;irt treasures, should warn us to
keep a close watch on our own lofty structures,
; A River such as the spire of Salisbury Cathedral. The
ordinary man thinks that such things will last
for ever, so there is the more need for expert
examination.
RissiA has most distinguished sculptor
lost its
in Marc Antokolsky, who died a few days ago.
He was born at Vilna in 1842, and lived so long
in Paris
nearly a cjuarter of a century that he
almost ranks as a French artist. Most of his
this year at the successful works, however, were inspired by
Russian history. He enjoyed the patronage of
at the the IluRsian Imperial family, and his lironze
in .six statue of .\lexander II. is erected at Moscow,
101
while that of Alexander III. is at the Kremlin.
Antokolsky received high artistic and other
honours in France he gained a ^aidaiUc
:
(.Vhonncur for his 'Spinoza Mourant at the
'
Universal Exhibition of 1878, and a Grand Pri.c
at the Exhibition of two years ago. In 1888 he
was elected a corresponding member of the Paris
Academie des Beaux-arts. His greatest achieve-
ments include his 'Derniers Moments de Socrate,'
'
Pierre-le-Grand,' Christ devant le Peuple,' and
'
Japan from 'Mephistophdles.'
The annual report of the Society for the Pro-
and tection of Ancient Buildings is noticeable for
the change that has come over the position of
the Society. It is now freely consulted by the
clergy, who used to be told by architects that it
was a meddling body, hostile to the upkeep of
churches and its advice is in many instances
;
followed with signal benefit to the buildings in-
volved. It is, however, characteristic of Mr.
T. G. Jackson that he has declined to allow the
Society to see his plans for dealing with Com^jton
Martin Church, Somerset. Since the days of
Wyatt the restoring architect has detested criti-
cism, and it was scarcely to be expected that
Mr. Jackson would treat the matter as one not
of professional etiquette, but of importance to
the nation whose heritage the parish churches are.
There is no truth in the report that Sir
Thomas More's mulberry tree has perished in
the general levelling of houses that is taking
place in Beaufort Street, Chelsea. The garden
in which the tree stands was acquired at con-
siderable cost by Mgr. Vaughan some years ago,
and the house attached to it has since been
occupied by French nuns.
The annual report of the Deputy-Master and
Comptroller of the Mint, for 1901, has just
been issued at the price of lid. It contains
plates of new coins and medals.
The Government in Greece have received two
considerable gifts of importance to archteologists.
M. Glymenopulos has presented a collection of
coins which includes (1) a nearly complete set
from Constantino the Great to the last Emperor
'
'
Constantino Palteologus, 1,100 in all, of which
200 are of gold (2) about 300 coins of Mace-
;
donia and the Ptolemies and Grpeco-Roman
times (3) over 1,000 Greek and Roman coins ;
;
(4) about 500 Prankish and Venetian coins and
medals, including the issue of Nauplia and
The same
work (5) bronze and copper statuettes of
;
;
Egyptian gods, several scarab^ei, and other
small Egyptian antiquities (G) 200 red terra-
;
cotta statuettes and vases, itc, of diflerent
Greek sources and dates (7) a recently dis-
;
covered statue of Asclepius from Macedonia.
The gift is made on the condition that the
various antiquities are deposited in his native
place, Nauplia, in a museum erected for the
purpose, which the Government will gladly
from arrange, as Nauplia possesses nothing of the
sort.
Still more interesting is the gift of Kon-
stantinKarapanos, which wasrecentlyannounced.
He is already well known as the discoverer and
excavator of Dodona in Epirus, of which he
spoke in Dodone et ses Ruines,' Paris, 1878.
'
He found there bronze statues, bronze reliefs,
inscriptions, various temple utensils, and records
of questions put to the oracle. The interest in
these anti(iuities is heightened by the considera-
tion that the temple and oracle of Dodona
nourished from early times up to Roman days.
This remarkable collection adorned the house
of its owner in Stadion Street at Athens, and
could bo seen only once a week. It now belongs
to the (ireek nation, in addition to the things
found by Karapanos in excavating the temple of
Artemis at Corfu and in various other places.
The only condition attached to the gift is that
the collection bears the giver's name and
occupies a separate room in the Central Muf^eum
at Athens. I'roper custody and a catalogue
are to be oflicially provided.

102
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
CovEN'T Gardkn, 'La PrincesBe Osra.'
Mil. Herbert I^unnino's
*
La Princesse Osra,' was produced
Covent Garden on Monday evening. The
book is written in French. The story of
Anthony Hope on which M. Maurice
Berenger has based his libretto, like other
well-known poems and romances adapted
for operatic purposes, naturally loses much
of its character and charm for what
in such cases has to be sacriBced the
composer, according to his emotional
strength and individuality, has to make
amends. In the first act the key-note of
the story is not clearly sounded, but at
the close of the second act the con-
fession by Stephen the silversmith of
his passion for the Princess offers a
strong moment, and one of which the
composer takes advantage.
however, weakened by the conduct of
is
the Princess, who halts between respect for
or fear of her father and love for the silver-
smith. The end of the third act, the scene
in which Stephen dies, happy in offering
his life who did not refuse him
for her
thrice, is again strong in that it engages
the sympathy of the audience, and once
more the composer appears to advantage.
The other pair of lovers, the Prince and the
Countess, are mere lay figures there is no
real life and passion in the music of their
love duet. King Henri is altogether un-
interesting, and that excellent
Plan^on, who impersonated him, seemed
unable to make anything of the part his
" Ha ha " was more like a yawn than a
! !
laugh.
Mr. Bunning has written an opera, The
Last Days of Pompeii,' which, we believe,
has never been performed. La Princesse
Osra is, then, virtually his maiden effort,
' the history of musical art every day grows
for until a composer actually sees his work
on the stage he lacks that experience which
makes for progress. His declamatory music
often lacks point he keeps the voice too
; comparison between them, even if the work of their
much on one level the words proceed ;
from the lips of the actors, but they do
not carry conviction. That Mr. Bunning
should adopt the system of representative
themes was inevitable. It is a white
elephant which Wagner has bequeathed to
posterity. It seems natural to connect
certain themes with certain personages, yet
there is always the danger of method marring
spontaneity and then, again, much depends
;
upon the character of the themes themselves.
The greatness of Bach's fugues lies not so
much in the wonderful skill displayed
therein as in their sterling subject-matter,
not only capable of bearing such treatment,
but strengthened and enhanced thereby.
Wagner, the modern Bach, also invented
themes which
gave life, character, and
strength to his workmanship. The two
leading themes in Mr. Bunning's opera are,
of course, those connected with the Princess
-and the silversmith
the latter is the more
;
< haracteristic, yet neither is really convincing.
Indeed, we cannot helpthinkingthat the com-
X)oser would do well to free himself as much as
possible from the Wagnerian method. Then,
i Q his writing for the orchestra, in which there
is no little skill, he shows thought rather than
inspiration he seems intent upon the mean-
; British public, " intolerant of anything that did
THE ATHEN^UM
ing which it is intended to express more
than on the emotional effect which it is to
He is encumbered by the
produce.
machinery. We should not lay so much
op'ra romantique, stress on Wagnerian influence were it not
at that we feel that Mr. Bunning's taste and
sympathy lie in the direction of light French
opera. There are many pages in La Prin- '
cesse Osra ' which seem to bear out this
opinion. The work ought to prove a
stepping-stone to something more satis-
factory and more likely to catch the public
ear.
;
As regards the performance, Madame
Mary Garden (Osra) sang well, yet did not
strengthen the good impression which she
created in Manon.'
'
To M. Marechal, who
impersonated the silversmith, much praise
is due, while M. Gilibert (the king's fool)
made the very best of his small part.
Madame Maubourg and M. Seveilhac, as
Countess Hilda and Prince Henri, sang
The effect, well, but, as already stated, they had not
very thankful roles. M. Messager conducted,
but the orchestral playing was frequently
much loud.
too The work was well re-
ceived, and the composer was summoned
before the curtain after the second act and
again at the
close.
STUDIES IN MUSIC.
English Music in the Nineteenth Century. By
J. A. Fuller Maitland. (Grant Richards.)
; This is the first of a series of volumes, edited by
Mr. Robin H. Legge, on the progress of music
and of musical knowledge in various countries
during the nineteenth century, and it is, of
artist M.
course, quite natural that England should take
the lead. Mr. Maitland has attempted to tell
;
a long story within a short space. He divides it
into two parts, one 'Before the Renaissance,'
the other dealing with The Renaissance
'
*
itself ;and the latter being the more important,
two-thirds of the volume are devoted to it.
'
Compression is a good thing, and, since
longer, more and more of a necessity. It, how-
ever, requires great care to present men and
movements in their proper proportions, and in
this matter our author is not altogether free
from reproach. At times, it seems to us, he
might have said more, at others less. The
importance of the Crystal Palace concerts is
duly recognized, and the zealous enterprise of
the late Sir George Grove and Mr. Manns
also that of the Popular Concerts but, con-
;
sidering how long those institutions have
flourished, and what powerful factors they have
proved in the musical education of the public,
and how the former, by the encouragement of
native art, was instrumental in bringing about
the "renaissance," we should have devoted
more pages to their history and fewer to The
Palmy Days of Opera.' With regard to the latter,
for instance, mention of the financial success
of two concerts given by Rossini and his wife
serves at any rate to explain the position of
Benelli, the manager of the opera-house but ;
was it necessary to add, "At the second of these
[concerts] the composer sang a new
ottavino
'
on the death of Lord Byron ; he made a great
deal of money by accompanying at parties, and
in general had a great social success " ?
In the chapter on Foreign Dominations
'
Mr. Maitland deplores the influence of Handel
and Mendelssohn in retarding the progress of
music through the earlier part of the nineteenth
century for this, however, he fully exonerates
;
the composers themselves. The directors of
provincial festivals "did most to foster the
Handelian domination," and composers delibe-
rately adopted the Handelian style to please the
'
N3899, July 19, 1902
not conform to the popular ideal." We read
the history of the past differently. Handel's
long and strong domination arose first from
his genius and secondly from the absence of
any oratorio works at all worthy to be com-
pared with his composers imitated his style,
;
not deliberately, but because they could nofc
escape his powerful influence. Also, in the case
of Mendelssohn, his Elijah has stood its '
'
ground because there has been no rival oratorio
of equal merit. Mr. Maitland complains,
too, that the superiority of this work to
'St. Paul is "not obvious enough to account
'
for the difTerence between the two in
popularity." There are fine numbers in
'
St. Paul,' yet surely there are finer in the
later work ; anyhow, the dramatic story of
Elijah far outweighs the one in which interest
is divided between Stephen and Paul. The
"Leaders of the Renaissance" are named
according to order of dates of birth, and they
are men whose influence has, undoubtedly, been
most prominent. Our author touches upon
" exquisite grace " of
their several merits: the
Goring Thomas, the "poetry and imagination"
of Sir A. Mackenzie, and the " charming fancy
and romantic feeling " of Dr. Cowen. The large
space, however, devoted to Sir Hubert Parry
and Mr. Charles V. Stanford, and the language
of high praise, show clearly that Mr. Maitland
regards them as the most important of the
group of five singled out by him. And just
because his view may be the right one we
should have preferred eulogy couched in more
guarded language it should, indeed, have been
;
in inverse ratio to his admiration for the art-
work of these able men. The candid remarks,
however, of our author at the opening of his
'
Renaissance chapter almost disarm criticism,
'
for he seems to be aware of the temptation intO'
which he has fallen. His wise words are worth
quoting :
"Being human, it is impossible that each of u&
should not form preferences for this or that work,
for this or that composer but these preferences, ;
even those that are based on the widest knowledge,
the deepest sympathj', or tlie most generous
enthusiasm, must be conditioned by the personal
element and by the natural affiuity that one in-
dividual has for another. Even if it were the
smallest use or interest, it would be obviously diffi-
cult to record the conviction that such a one was the
greatest man of his time. With the passage of years,
the group of composers will fall into truer and truer
perspective and it needs no special proof that we
;
stand far too near them now to make a profitable
lives was in every case complete."
Studies in Music. By Various Authors. Edited
by Robin Grey. (Simpkin, Marshall & Co.)
These 'Studies' are reprinted from the M^isician^
;
a periodical which started under favourable
auspices in 1897, but which came to an untimely
end before that year closed. By publishing in
book-form some of the many interesting articles
which appeared therein Mr. Grey has wisely
rescued them from practical oblivion. Among
them we note one on Brahms, by Philipp Spitta,
translated from the German by Mrs. Bell one ;
'
on Cdsar Franck, by M. Guy de Ropartz, trans-
lated from the French by Miss Milman, written
with full knowledge of the subject, and not
unwelcome enthusiasm one entitled Purcell's ;
'
" King Arthur," by Mr. J. A. Fuller Maitland,
'
from which readers will learn something of the
difficulties and responsibilities connected with
'
Walter Pater
the editing of old music two, ;
'
on Music and Music and Race,' by Mr. Ernest
' '
Newman and one on Alfred Bruneau and the
;
'
'
Modern Lyric Drama,' by Mr. Arthur Hervey,
who is in sympathy with modern French musical
art, and whose knowledge of it is by no means
superficial. ^^^^^^^^^^^
At the Albert Hall last Monday evening
Madame Adelina Patti made her third and final
appearance this season. She was in good voice,
and her renderings of several familiar songs were
 '

N3899, July 10, 1902 THE ATHENAEUM 103

marked by the graces of style and expression that during the three or four years her
the famous vocalist can always command. With
DRAMA possession
last
genuine gifts in comedy.
of
Mozart's lovely airs Madame Patti is ever on Her impersonation of Charlotte is gracious,
excellent terms, and her singing of Deh, vieni '
THE WEEK. artistic, and captivating. ]\I. Lucien
non tardar,' was delightfully suave and re- Gakhick. 'La Velne," ComCdie ea Quatre Actes. Par
Alfred Capua. Guitry, remembered in England for the
fined. Not often does she turn her attention to
Wagner's music, but her artistic and fervent M. Capus, tlie author of * La Veine support he afforded Madame Bernhardt, is at

rendering of Elisabeth's Prayer from Tann-

' ' ' and Les Deux Ecoles,' as well as of half
' this moment an idol of the Parisian public.
hiiuser,' on the occasion under notice, must be a dozen less noteworthy pieces, is one of He has been secured by the Comodie
reckoned as one of her most successful eftbrts. the most accurate and vivacious painters of Fran(jaise, by which institution he is lent to
A very well-known item was Signor Arditi's modern Parisian life. Without being exactly- the Varietes to fill his original role of Julien
waltz 'II Bacio,' and here the neatness of the Breard, and he seems likely to take the place
witty, his dialogue is humorous and agree-
singer's execution, and the vivacity of her style, occupied by M. Worms. His manner is
able, he hits off admirably the characters
once again made an impression. Strong vocal rather too serious for a character such as he
in the pleasure-seeking life of Paris, and
and instrumental assistance was provided by
Madame Clara Butt, Miss Katharine Goodson, glides so lightly over the most risky subjects now plays. MM. Albert Brasseur and Guy,
Mr. William Green, Mr. Willy Hess, Mr. H. C. that he seems as far from cynicism as from and other members of theVarietos company,
Tonking, and Mr. Francis Braun. ribaldry. What he lacks, however, is are seen to great advantage, and the per-
Kext week we shall have to notice Miss Smyth's dramatic grip, and his pieces, so far as we formance, in its lightness, quickness, and
one-act opera Der Wald,' which was announced
'
know them, are loosely strung. With allow- vivacity, is worthy of commendation.
for performance at Covent Garden yesterday. ance for the passage of more than half a cen-
The work was recently produced at Berlin. tury, together with the social developments
Tschaikowsky, by the way, heard some of the brought about in that time, the world he
TWO PLAYS.
composer's chamber music at Leipzig in 1888,
depicts is the same as that in which Henri
A Lo)og Duel:a Serious Comedy in Four
and he wrote in his diarj' that she " gave promise Acts. By Mrs. W. K. Clitibrd. (Lane.) Mrs.
Miirger places the scene of his best-remem-
in the future of a serious and talented career." Cliflford's "serious comedy" is remarkable as
bered novel, a moderately cultivated literature rather than as drama. So far as
Next week we shall also call attention to some
unpublished characteristic letters referring to
Bohemia. The dwellers in this are troubled regards stage purposes, it is inferior to The '

Beethoven written by Muzio Clementi, from with few scruples, and the relations between Likeness of the Night.' This seems due rather
Vienna, in the year 1807. A facsimile will be the sexes are almost purely animal. The scene to the intractability of the subject than to
given of a page of one of these letters. opens in a flower shop, the girls in which defective treatment. Of the characters intro-
discuss the possibilities of acquiring at a duced few are at once interesting and sym-
TheSchola Cantorum of Paris will hold a
pathetic, and the central figure is not far from
Maisons de la Gilde des M^triers,
festival at the cheap rate a furnished hotel and a pair of
being a failure. Henri Carbouche is a dis-
Bruges, from August 7th to 10th. On the first chestnut horses. " Will you accept from the
tinguished French painter whom the falsehood
day, Thursday, there will be an historical con- comer," asks the thoughtful Clemence
first
of a woman has converted into a misogynist.
cert and " Entretiens gr^goriens,'' under the of the sprightly and ambitious Josephine, While still a rainn he has been jilted by a girl
presidentship of Dom Pothier on Friday,
" Conferences avec audition de chant gre'gorien ";
;
"the jewels, dresses, and general luxury who has forsaken him for a rich and titled lover.
for which you pine?" To this the shrewd Taking refuge in his art, he has become the
on Saturday, " Conferences " under M. E. Tinel
and M. C. Bordes (the founder of the Schola demoiselle replies " Un homme capable
: greatest painter of his day, but remains morose,
d'offrir un hotel a une femme n'est jamais solitary, and inaccessible to all except one or
Cantorum) and on Sunday a performance of
;

M. Tinel's Messe de Notre Dame de Lourdes,

' le premier venu." Charlotte Lanier, the two highly favoured intimates. On the rare
occasion when, for a fabulous price, he consents
a. 5 voix,' under the composer's direction. heroine, is scandalized at the invitation of
to paint a portrait, the resemblance is perfect,
A GRAND national and international musical Julien Breard, her young and handsome
but the underlying infirmity, vulgarity, or greed
competition will be held at Geneva from the neighbour, to be his companion on a three of the sitter is depicted with a fidelity that
16th to the 18th of August. No fewer than days' trip to Le Havre. With no great converts the whole into a mordant satire.
254 societies take part in it, forming a total
will difficulty she conquers her scruples, and Upon his carefully guarded solitude in-
of 9,500 performers, choral and vocal. starts with him with a sac - de - nuit of trudes his former love, now the Countess
The following works are announced for per- his providing, and with what she herself of Harlekston, who, unknown to him, is a
formance at the Vienna Opera next season :
calls du linge de cocotte, and in the fol- widow, her avowed object being to obtain from
Dvorak's Russalka '
Tschaikowsky's Dame '
;
'
lowing act she is an occupant of his him her portrait. Her exact motive in this
de Pique Goldmark's
' Gotz von Berlich-
;
'
application is not easily ascertainable. It is
chambers. That all this is true to life of a
ingen'; and Corregidor,' by the unfortunate
'
partly coquetry and vanity. She is still hand-
composer Hugo Wolf. If only Vienna could certain kind is not to be doubted, and how-
some, and to be painted by Carbouche will give
come London
to !
ever unedifying in English view may be her, as she says, immortality. Partly, too, it
The Wagner performances commence at the
the presentation, it is futile to complain of is affection
or, at least, the influence of early

Prince Regent Theatre, Munich, on August 9th,
and end on September 12th. From September
loth to the end of that month a Mozart cycle
willbe given in the Residenztheater, including
'
Cosi fan tutte,' Die Entfiihrung aus
Figaro,' ' '
demSerail,' and 'Don Giovanni.'
O.v the occasion of the
festival of the Germanic Museum
the Prince Res^ent of Bavaria presented to that
institution Wagner's original score of ' Die
Meistersinger,' a truly royal gift.
The death is announced of .Joseph Brambach,
noted as a composer of choral works. He was
born at Bonn in 1833, and studied at the
Cologne Conservatorium. For mixed chorus and
orchestra he wrote Die Macht des Gesanges,'
'
'Alkestis,' S:c., and fnr male chorus, soli, and
orchestra, 'Prometheus,' which gained a prize
at the Rhenish " Siingerverein " in 1880; also
part-songs ('Das Lied vom Rhein '), a piano-
forte concerto, and a considerable quantity of
chamber music.
the exhibition by French writers of domesti- association. In time it developes into pique.
cities in which they see little or nothing Grimly Carbouche accepts her proposals.
reprehensible. Charlotte Lanier proves to During the sittings that follow he resists her
be the mascotte of her lover, and in the end blandishments, repressing with restrained and
is promoted to be his wife. The least satis- formal courtesy her efforts to resume former
modes of address. When enough of the por-
factory part of the work consists of a tem-
trait has been painted to enable her U< inspect
fifty years' jubilee porary quarrel and a reconciliation, due to
it Lady Harlekston perceives that it shows her
at Nuremberg, the incapacity of the heroine to connive at a old, hard, and rouged. Even now she is not
projected infidelity of her future spouse, dismayed. Trying him yet more deeply, she
who makes love to another woman, partly finds him yielding, and at length induces him
through admiration for her and partly in by her charms to paint out tlie Bturner and
the hope that she will push his fortunes. more repellent features and to substitute some-
During the short departure of Charlotte, thing of the woman of former days. When she
sees that the portrait is that of a girl beautiful
la veine is arrested. With her return the
and young, Lady Harlekstt)n contrives to liave
luck revisits him, and in the end Julien is on
it conveyed into her carriage aud to have placed
the road to the highest ollicial honours. The in the painter's hands the covenanted price. In
chief defect is that the second portion of the the course of these proceedings the old lovers
play is but lightly attached to the first, and have got near each other, and endearments
is inherently conventional. of speech have passed. At this point, how-
A singularly bright interpretation com- ever. Lady Harlekston changes iiur lino, and
mended the whole to the public. Madame with real yielding, but Himulatcd scorn,

Jeanne Granier, best known as the in- complains of his previous hardness, thanks liim
PBKFOUMANCBa NEXT WB&K. for his amends, and declaims, " Revenge is sweet,
heritor of the rolen of Madame Schneider
Mox. Royal Italian Opera. ' oyent GarJen. as sweet as love, and sometimes it lias even more
Tils. Koyal Academy ot MuKlc Musical and Dramatic Pertorraance
3. St Gtordiri) Hall.
and as an ideal representative of La strength given to it." Brought to his senses,
WiD.
Kyal Ita lan <)pra, Corent Garden.
Knyal lullan 'ip^ra. ('ovent Garden.
Petite Mariee, Le Petit Due, and a Carbouche commands his servant to futcli back
Thir
Kk;.
. Itnjal Italian Ojt'Ma, covent (iarJen.
Jtojal Italian Opera, (Jov nt Garden.
store of other parts in the works tlie portrait, and, restoring tlie iiionty paid for
6>r. Koyal Italian Opera, Covent Garden. of Offenbach and Ilerve, has shown it, throws it on the fire and consumes it. The

104
end of this scene aims at, but we fear comes
short of, being intensely dramatic. Scared,
choked, but imperious, Lady Harlekston faces
the painter : wise if he shuts his ears and hardens his heart
Lady If. Vou liave done your worst. Now exult
in it fool, coward, irigrate, tliat you are 1 Chatterton, and other poets and Bohemians
Carhmuhe. Madame
I
Lady 11. You grudged lue my triumph and jot
you owe yours to me. You owe everytliing to me,
what you liave been, and are, and will be your fame
and inmiortality.
Carhonchc. To you, Madame
! if it is necessary to make them converse upon
Jjady JI. Yes, to me, to the fact that treated
I the stage.
you as did, that 1 (luicUeued into life your imssion,
I but the utterances are bold and characteristic.
not merely to love, but to work, and to suffer. 1
made you do, and IFeel, what you never would have
done and felt if I ha(l been true to you, if I liad
lulled you, rocked you, to mediocrity and imbecility
in my arms. Coward tliat you are not to face the
truth Ingrate not to bless me for the fame that
!
is yours, not to see that it lias been bought witli
the pain it was my
pleasure you should suffer.
Carhovclw the douhlc doom and hoji'ing
\_o]U'n'ing
lofi)]. Your carriage waits, Madame la Comtesse.
Lady Jf. [^corn/idJy]. Yes, my carriage waits,
3Ionsieur.
As logic, the logic of lovers' quarrels even,
this not remarkable, but it is vigorous.
is
No leas powerful is the scene of reconciliation
that follows, for Lady Harlekston humbles her-
self, and is penitent, if not more logical than
before. "But I am a worldling," she pleads.
" Just as you are a painter and belong to Art,
so am I a worldling belonging to the world,
loving ease and luxury, jewels and flattery, and
not able to do without them." The closing
scene is masterly in treatment, but fails to
impress or convince us as it should.
With the story is linked another story, which
is to some extent its echo. Once more a
penniless young student loves a maiden, and
once more wealth and rank pose as his
rivals. Interested in spite of himself in the
youth, in whom he detects genius, and who is
in some respects his former self, Carbouche
takes part in the struggle. Cynic as he is, and
convinced of feminine weakness and treachery,
he urges Gabrielle Berton to espouse the Vicomte
de Courville and to dismiss Gaston Viguet.
To the student, meanwhile, he promises, in
place of the woman, fame and fortune. He
will himself provide for the youth, will accept
him as his only pupil, furnish him with oppor-
tunities for foreign travel, and in fact treat
him as a son. Greatly to his surprise, both
refuse his offers, preferring love to aught else
in the world. In the end, of course, Car-
bouche relents in this as in other matters, and
makes the young people happy without exacting
from them the proposed sacrifice.
Those will not be wanting who will fit the
character of Carbouche to a living exemplar
who is credited in the art world with some
of his peculiarities. With this we have, of
course, nothing to do, having but to deal with
the master as he appears in the play. In
this he is but a "painted devil," such as is
described by the Tudor dramatists as a means
of terrifying children. No one, we are told, is
admitted into his studio, and the faithful ser-
vant of years' standingis,foradmittinga stranger,
dismissed without appeal. Yet the place is less
a studio than a corridor through which people
pass almost ad libitum. We are aware that this
cannot easily be avoided if a plot is to be
evolved yet it can be carried out, teste Timon
;
'
of Athens.' Carbouche we are disposed to
regard as a faux ma^ivais homme. We can-
not accept him as he presents himself, or fancy
him mingling in the crowd with which in the
last act he is associated. This is the chief defect
in a play which we are prepared to accept as
considerable accomplishment. It is founded,
Mrs. Clifford tells us, upon a short story written
by her in 1892. It has, if we are not mis-
taken, previously appeared in print, and has also
been given at a solitary performance, presum-
ably in order to protect stage rights.
Marlowe, a Drama in Five Acts. By Josephine
Preston Peabody. (Boston and New York,
THE ATHEN^UI\r N^SSQO, July 19, 1902
Houghton, Mifttin Co.) & The stormy and Must stamp
Let me commend
it with his name.
to you
Come- hither, Robin.
this gentlemati.
tragic career of Christopher Marlowe naturally Master of Arts, indeed !
appeals to the dramatist, who, however, will be Jienet (apart). Of the black arts !
Marli/iue. His nature, like his name, o'ergreens whate'er
He looks on, with such pastoral invention
to its solicitations. Villon, Gringoire, Savage, As would enchant jour wits and hold you bound
With charms as innocent as ring-me- round :
His very name 's a lure to every rhyme.
may servo to illustrate the fact on which Burns
insisted, that there is no such tragedy as the life
Much in the same vein are the utterances of
the writers thus presented. It cannot be said
of the poet. Marlowe and Shakspeare may,
however, with advantage be left alone, especially that the dramatists are, in the delightful words
of a poet of the same period.
Witty as youthful poets in their wine,
Miss (/) Peabody has written on the
life of Marlowe a drama which is as good as we
The lyrics introduced catch some of the Tudor
are likely to get. Not good enough is it,
however, quite to justify the choice of theme. ring, but lack full inspiration.
It opens in the Bee-Hive Tavern, South Lon-
don (Southwark would be better), immediately
after the production of 'Faust.' On the strength
of his profits or expectations Marlowe pays the Havixg renewed or extended his arrange-
ments with Mrs. Kendal and Miss Ellen Terry,
score of his brother dramatists, Robert Greene,
Thomas Lodge, Thomas Nash, and George Peele. Mr. Tree promises to prolong the performances
A lison Barn by,a Kentish maiden, blindly worships of The Merry Wives of Windsor until after
'
'
the Coronation, if that event is to take
him, but sees him carried oft' by a haughty
and voluptuous aristocrat, known as Her Lady- place at the time announced. On Saturday
ship. To Alison he sings his "Come, live afternoon last he reappeared for a solitary
with me and be my love," and the girl, with occasion as Gringoire in The Ballad-Monger '
'
a taste in advance of her years and station, and Paul Demetrius in ' The Red Lamp.' The
treasures it in her memory. Marlowe's civilities character lastnamed is noteworthy as that in
to her rouse the jealousy of Richard Bame, a which at the Comedy Mr. Tree was first seen
youth who has fallen desperately in love with under his own management. Mrs. Tree re-
her. To him and to the treachery of Her Lady- appeared as the heroine, and Miss Lily Brayton
ship, discontented with Marlowe's cavalier played Olga.
fashions and his independent spirit, are due For the first three nights of the week Sir
the arraignment of the poet for atheism and Henry Irving appeared at the Lyceum for the
his ultimate death in a tavern brawl. Before first time this season as Louis XL On Thurs-
he is slain, however, Marlowe has been down to day and Friday he was seen in A Story of '
Waterloo and The Bells,' and this afternoon
Canterbury, his native place, and has had an ' '
interview with Alison, now happily married, the season concludes with The Merchant of '
which has converted him to better ways. His- Venice.'
torically, the play is accurate enough, and it is The three closing nights of M. Coquelin's
written with much spirit. We are not greatly season at the Garrick were occupied respec-
edified, however, by hearing Marlowe recite his tively with Tartuffe and 'Les Precieuses Ridi-
' '
own poems or indulge in soliloquies from Faust.' ' cules,' L'Avare,' and *Le Ddpit Amoureux,'
'
The conversations of the dramatists his com- and a revival of Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,'' '
panions show familiarity with the speech of with monologues by MM. Coquelin aine and
Tudor times, but are not wholly satisfactory. cadet. The selection of pieces has been judi-
Among the characters heard of, but not seen, cious, and the performances of the elder Coquelin
are Dekker, Ben [Jonson], Lyly, Henslowe, and have been admirable. M. Coquelin cadet has
Will, who not strengthened his reputation.
is come to print of late
Thf. compulsory closing, by order of the
With a sometime poem, '
Venus and Adonis.'
County Council, of the Criterion Theatre, with
What is best in the play is the manner in which a view to its reconstruction, has led to the
the atmosphere of the epoch is caught, though
transference from that house to the Prince
this is more manifest in the comic characters
than in the sentimental, Gabriel Andrew, the
of Wales's
its original home of A Country '
Mouse of Mr. Arthur Law, and the consequent
'
worthy yeoman, as he becomes, inspires us with
removal from the Prince of Wales's to the
but little conviction, and Alison herself, though
Shaftesbury of 'There and Back by Mr. George '
a sweet slip of a girl, is a trifle too sentimental.
Arliss. No change of cast is to be noted in either
Marlowe is smitten by her ingenuousness and
instance.
virginal charm, but his mind at the outset is
wholly occupied with his courtly mistress. It is
At the end of the season of Mile. Jeanne
Granier on Saturday next the Garrick Theatre
concerning Her Ladyship that he rhapsodizes :
will close, to reopen on the 30th inst. with
Here is the Beauty that liath moved the world,
Since the first woman. Beauty cannot die. 'The Bishop's Move,' the three-act comedy of
No worm may spoil it. Unto earth it goes. John Oliver Hobbes and Mr. Murray Carson,,
There to be cherished by the cautious spring.
produced tentatively on June 7th last. In this
Close folded in a rose, until the time
Some new imperial spirit comes to earth Mr. Bourchier and Miss Violet Vanbrugh will
Demanding a fair raiment and the earth
reappear in their original parts of the Bishop
;
Yields up tier robes of vermeil and of snow,
VioIet-vein6d beautiful as wings, and the Duchess.
And Woman comes
so the I
Friday evening witnessed at Drury Lane the
Our author in her lighter vein is best seen in
last performance of Ben-Hur ' and the close of
'
Marlowe's description of his associates as he the season. Having been judged too unman-
presents them to the embarrassed Alison :
ageable a piece for the contemplated country
Marloive. Dear Mistress Alison, have I your leave
To do my fellows honor ? For they crave tour, Ben-Hur will be sent back to America.
' '
To wear their names before you. They have heard Before returning to America in January
Of Canterbury days. (Here, Tom, here, Tom.)
This is my fellow-student, Thomas Nashe ;
next Mrs. Langtry contemplates producing in
The gentlest soul that ever spitted man October another new play at the Imperial.
Upon an adder-tongue, the scourge of vice.
Sleepless protector of all Puritans. During their autumn tour Mr. Frederick
[Presenting Lodge. Terry and Miss Julia Neilson will produce in
Step hither, Tom. Here is another Tom,
Tom Lodge, the Second Son of our Lord-Mayor ; Newcastle For Sword or Song,' a poetical play
'
Our nobly born. This is our Sunday Tom. by Mr. R. G. Legge, arranged for the stage by
A poet, too. And smile upon him, mistress ; Mr. Louis Calvert.
Trust me, that smile of yours shall never die
Out of the world My good friend, Thomas Lodge-
Entreat him kindly, for my sake. T'l CoRRKSPOMiKNTS. W. M. H. W. reccived.
LoJye {aside). O. Faustus
Miirlowc. And Master Peele, of whom the woild relates
!
C. A. M. Already noted last week.
A tliousand jests he had no knowledge of. C. B. Many thanks; will inquire.
It is the price of his most fertile wit H. T. 'Traffic': April 7th, lyOO.
That every quip, to pass for current coin. No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.

N 3899, July 19, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 105

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106 THE ATHEN^UM N3890, July 19, 1902

n Learned, Chatty, Useful." Athenceurn.
That delightful repository of forgotten lore, 'Notes and Queries.'"
Edinburgh Review, October, 1880.

Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price Ad, ; or free by post to the Continent, A\d.

A
NOTES AND QUERIES:
MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
%* Subscription, IQs. Zd.for Six Months ; 20s. Qd.for Twelve Months, including postage.

The Eighth Seriejs of NOTES AND QUERIES, complete in 12 vols, price IO5. 6c7. each Volume, contains, in addition to a great
variety of similar Notes and Replies, Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.

FIRST SELECTION.
ENGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH HISTORY. POPULAR and PROVERBIAL SAYINGS.

King Alfred's

Statue in London Queen Anne's Fifty New
Churches Child Commissions in the Army Beckford's Speech

pie Bed

Abraham's Bosom Adam's Ale "All alive and kicking" Apple-
Baling out the Atlantic Babies in the Eyes " Beak "
to George III.
Curfew Bell Queen Anne Boleyn Greater for Magistrate
Beanfeast Born Days
Hang out the Broom
Britain Genuine Relics of Charles I. Siege of Derry Slave
Three Estates of the Realm Feer and Flet " He 's an honest

Market at Dover The Emerald Isle French Prisoners of War man and eats no fish" "Let us walk down Fleet Street"
" Man of Ghent."
Fathers of the House of Commons George III.'s Title, Fool's paradise
1751-60 Charles I. at Little Gidding. PHILOLOGY.
SIOGRAPHY. Abif Abigail Lady's-maid Adam's
for Name Wonderful
Dr. Abernethy and Hunter
Addison and Shakspeare Age of Arabic Word Ale-dagger Alternative, Misuse " Animal- its

Alexander the Great Major Andre Matthew Arnold's Burial- culae "Incorrect Derivation of Argon " At that Betterment "

place Francis Bacon

Mary Stuart's Secretary Frederick Blazer Bocase Bonfire Bounder Brummagem BuflFetier
Barbarossa's Adventures Thomas a Becket
Benyowszky's Calibre Cambridge Canard Chaperon or Chaperone

Memoirs Death of Amelia Bloomer Boadicea Napoleon Charivari Chortle Chouse Chum Cooper, Grog-shop floating
John Anne Bronte's Age Mrs.
Bright's Poetical Recreations Downy Fad Fantigue Flotsam Foxglove Gent Ghost
Browning's Birthplace Robert Browning a Preacher Nelson's as Names Giaour.
Birthplace Burns Byron's Birthplace Julius Sword Caesar's
Carlyle and Scott Casanova Chaucer Capt. Cook's Log- GENEALOGY and HERALDRY.
book Marriages of Cromwell's Daughters Grace Darling's
History of Armorial Augmentations Badges and
Bearings
Monument Sophy Daws Dryden's Monument Crests White Boar Arms of the See of Canterbury
as a Badge
Wren's Epitaph Ferrara Swords Alice Fitz Alan.
Christopher Sir
Cap of Maintenance Heraldic Castles Armorial China

College of Arms MSS. Crests a Garter Cross-legged in

IBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY. EfHgies Supporters of English Sovereigns Heraldry
Aldine Dolphin and Anchor "Ana"
France
Book De in Titles '
Fraternity of Genealogists.
in

Imitatione Junius's Letters 'Nickleby Married'

Christi '

FINE ARTS.
'Rattlin the Reefer' Juvenile Authors Beaconsfie
" ghosts Blocks by Bewick
Id Biblio-
graphyLeap-frog Bible Bibles Books
Raffling by
for sold
Free Societies of Artists Artists' "

the Ton The 'Ship of Fools '* Eikon Basilike 'Gladstone First Illustrations to Hudibras Portraits of Beau Brummel
' '

Bibliography Borrow's Lavengro Spurious Parts of the

' Canaletto in England Correggio's Christ on the Mount of '

Olives' Cosway's Portraits Caran d'Ache Holbein's 'Ambas-

'

'Pilgrim's Progress' Coleridge Bibliography Bibliography

sadors First Steel Engravings Sir
at
the Columbian Exposition Dante and Noah's Ark Decadents Gilbert's Book Hlus-
'
J.

and yymbolistes Characters Dickens Frankenstein and

in his
trations.
Monster Froude's Nemesis of '
Faith.' ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
E>OPULAR ANTIQUITIES and FOLK-LORE. Abbe or Abbot Double Abbey Churches Adders on Pulpits
All Fools' Day Almond Tree Superstition Braying of Asses
Agbar's Letter to our Lord Rush-bearing Sunday
Holy Water
Ball-playing in Churchyards Banagher Sand Bleeding Bread in Anglican Church
Bachelors' Door in Churches
Mortality of
Cakebread Superstition
Arbor Day in Canada Thieves'
Bermondsey Priors Metropolitan Bishopric Bishops' Wigs
Candles Cats roasted on St. John's Day Chalking the Un-
Burial by Torchlight Vegetarian Monks
Cantate Sunday
marriedCherry Blossom Festival Cornish Fishermen's Super- Cardinal of St. Paul's
Post-Reformation Chancel Screens
stitionsParish Cow
Cuckoo walled in "Curse of Scotland"
Weeping Chancels Wicked Prayer Book Fonts at East End
Demons' Objection to Hot Water Record Thirteen Dinner-
Divining Rod Luck of Edenhall Egg Saturday Hunting the
of Churches.

CLASSICAL SUBJECTS.
salutant " Beati possidentes
Ram at Eton Evil Eye Recovering Drowned Bodies German " Ave, Caesar, morituri " "

Bands and Rain Washing on Holy Thursday Peacock Feathers
te
"Bos locutus est" "Cane Decane, canis" " Civis Romanus

Cures for Rheumatism Sneezing -Breeding Stones Wheat sum " De mortuis
" bonum Delphin
nil nisi
"
Classics
quod vis" Echo Latin Lines "Erubuit;
thrown at Weddings Shower of Frogs. " Dilige, et fac in
S'OETRY, BALLADS, and DRAMA. salva res " Exceptio
est " probat regulam " Fiat experi- "

Actors Dying on the Stage Actresses' Train-boys' Address to

mentum corpore
in " Generosus nascitur non
vili
''
fit."

a Mummy
National Anthems
'

Portraits of Spranger Barry TOPOGRAPHY.
Francis Beaumont's Baptism
Booking Places at Theatres Abbotsford Ainsty of YorkAvalon Bevis Marks Birdcage
Colley Gibber's Death Davenant's ' Siege of Rhodes 'Drama
Walk Original Bracebridge Hall Bream's Buildings Bunhill
during the Commonwealth " Gods " at Drury Lane Miss Fields Burial-ground Caorsa Cassiter Bodmin Street,
Fairbrother
Gay's Beggar's Opera.''
Celliwig Drayton's Residence in Fleet Street Old Reeky.

Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.

 ;

N-'SSOQ, July 19, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 107

D. S. MELDRUM'S NEW NOVEL. FOREIGN

NOW READY.
AT ALL BOOKSELLERS' AND LIBRARIES. LITERATURE.
THE CONQUEST OF CHARLOTTE.
A ROMANCE.

By DAVID S. M E L D R U M, THE
Author of '
The Story of Margredel.'

Crown 8vo, 6s.

ATHEN^UM
WILLIAM! BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.

NOTES AND QUERIES. JL

H E
Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science,
T H E N ^ U M FOR JULY 5
The Fine Arts, Music, and 'The Drama.

(NINTH SERIES.) The ATHENMUM for July 12 contains Articles on

MR. FIRTH on CROMWELL'S ARMY.
C. H.
CONTENTIO VERITATIS.
WORDS and their WAYS in ENGLISH. Contains a Series of Articles on the
The SCOTT COUN"rRY and STIRLING.
THIS WEEK'S NUMBER contnina: TWO EDITIONS Of ARISTOPHANES.
NOTES The 'Craftsman' on Chess Bacon-Shakespeare Dunwieh NEW NOVELS: Ahana; Marta A Friend of Nelson The Second Literature of the Continent during
or Dnnmow a Bishops See Of Alley " Motherland " Cur- Generation 'The Blood Tax A Blaze ol Glory The Ranee's
mudgeon" "Coke" HLddenite Young's 'Night Thoughts'
;
;

Rubies Margaret.
;

Comic Scotch-' Wedgewood.'' PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS.

QUERIES : Lowell Quotation Monastic Sheep-farming Lambrook

Stradling --Tressher" Byron's Bust Pronunciation of O SPORTS and PASTIMES. the last Twelve Months.
Dic-
tionary of Greek Mythology Douglas Ghost at the Funeral'
The WAR and the FRENCH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT.
Cucking or Ducking Stool Sixteenth-Century Duel " Care, vale "

'

OUR LIBRARY' "TABLE : The Bond of Empire Mr. Street's Essays ; ;

"Harry Dick hat" "Adelaide waistcoat"' " Armada " Cheats

:
* Westminster and Chelsea; Guide to Historical Novels; Prof.
Staflord Family Projectim on a Saw Wellington Pamphlet Chi- Bury's History of Greece Reprints Books for Children. ; ;

Rho Monogram Botanical Szt?chenyi. LIST of NEW BOOKS.

REPLIES : Shelley's Ancestry Guest Family Strawberry Lfaves 'The PLOWMAN'S TALE"; The LONDON LIBRARY CATALOGUE;

Trinity Monday Byron's Grandfather Honorificabilitudinitas- The FIREFLY in ITALY CHATHAM and the CAPTURE of ;

Cockade of George I. Old Wooden Chest Westminster City HAVANA JOHN CLARE'S LIBRARY: BELLENDEN'S
in 1702;
SCOTS "TRANSLAriON of LIVY; BIBLIOGRAPHY of WAL'TER
Motto " Meresteads " Lovel De Hautville

Tedula Almanac
;

SAVAGE LAN DOR.

Medals Tennis- Jews' Way. Gate, &c. " Heroina "-Metrical
Psalter "Yclepiog' the Church "Autocrat in Russian- Merry

England and the Mass Arthur's Crown-" Sixes and sevens
"

LITERARY GOSSIP.
Also BELGIUM.
FREDERICQ.
'

Wilcocks
"Babies in the eyes " Londres Ainsworth Mrs. SCIENCE : Recent Publications; Societies; Meetings Next AVeek By Prof.
'rhrale's Streatham House "Flowering Sunday "Yarrow Vn- Gossip.
visited Follett King's Champion Gladstone an Italian Address :
FINE ARTS : Van Dyck's Sketch-Book; Pottery and Porcelain
Arms of Continental Cities Trentham and Gower Families.
NOTES ON BOOKS :Arrowsmith's 'Registers of Wigan 'Cata-
logue of Deeds in the Record Office,' Vol. III. 'Folk-lore.
Egyptian Antiquities at University College Sales; Gossip.
MUSIC: Glasenapp's Life of Wagner; Opera at Covent Garden
;

BOHEMIA.
Crystal Palace Peace Festival Mr. Bisphani's Recitation of ; By Dr. TILLE.
Notices to Correspondents. Enoch Arden Gossip Performances Next Week.
'
; ;

DRAMA Gossip.
rie XZTMBER for JVLY 12 contains : TTie ATHEN^UM for July 5 contains Articles on DENMARK.
NOTES: De Lad Family Birmingham " Bmmagem Mr. Thorns
Wyk'and " Wick "Jacob Verses Effigy in rettenhall Church-
:
"
CONTINENTAL LITERATURE. By Dr. A. IPSEN.
'
CHALMERS of NEW GUINEA.
yard " Reliable " Psendo-Scientiflc Novel A Travelled Goat SCOTTISH TEXT SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS.
" Elucubration Wearing Hats in Church Serjeants-at-Law under
'

OUR LIBRARY' TABLK : Maxim Gorky; Imperialism,

James I. Returning thanks " " Rock-bottom prices "Weather-
'

cock at Eieter Wassail-bread : Wassail-Land- Disappearance of a and Policy ;

Colonial Politics Reprints.

'The Clan Gregor ; Diary of a Goose Girl
Federation,
; French FRANCE.
Banking Firm.
LIST of NEW
BOOKS.
;

By M. PRAYIEUX.
QVERIES :-Lamb's 'Satan in Search of a Wife' Halley Family-
Admiral Gordon in Russian Navy Baronets of Nova Scotia INTERCESSORY SERVICES at ST. P.VULS; LORD ACTON; A
"Muffineer" Barbadian Registers Elizabeth Percy Greek and CASE of PLAGIARISM SALE of AMERICANA.
GERMANY.
;

Russian Ecclesiastical Vestments Hobbins Family Sanderson Also-

Family R. W. Smyth-Stuart Baxter and Cummlngs Knighthood literary GOSSIP.
" Fetlocked ' 8. r. Coleridge Fountain Pen Statistical Data-
Hebrew Incantations Arms on Fireback.
SCIENCE : Hakluyt Reprints Societies Gossip.
; ;
By Dr. HEILBORX.
FINE ARTS : Archaeology "The Wolverhampton Exhibition
; ; Mr.
REPLIES Arms of Eton and "ft inchester- Hymn on King Ed- Lowengard"s Gallery ; Sales Gossip. ;

ward VII. -National Flag Dead Sea Level C. Babington Arms MUSIC Opera at Covent Garden;
of Knights Rossetti 3 Rugglero Royal Standard Henrv IV 's
'

Exhumation Green Unlucky Defoe "Circular joys Tib"3 Eve

Gossip; Performances Next Week.
DRAMA :-Gossip.
Final Philharmonic Concert ;

GREECE.
'"Keep your hair on Ai.x la-Chapelle "Lupo-mannaro
" "

The ATHEN.a:UM, every SATURDAY, price THREEPENCE, of

By SPYR. P. LAMBROS.
Disappearing Chartists " Le Fizgert " Evolution of a Nose
Daggering Coronation Dress of Bishops Sworn Clerks in John C. Francis. Athititsum Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lan^,
Chancery Staffordshire Sheriffs Locomotive and Gas The Author
of Evil Fonts T. Phaer(iuotation Authors ^^ anted Gerald
Griffin- Windsor Uniform Black Malibran Attorney's Epitaph-
E.C. and of all Newsagents.
;
HOLLAND.
Mont Peli'e St. Paul and Seneca- Gillespie Grumach Old Songs
W. Baxter-" Knife 'Female Fighters- Upwards of Lady- "
THE By Mr. H. S. M. CROMMELIN.
day Day.
NOTES ON BOOKS : ' Nottingham Parish Registers' Bennett's
and LONDON
LIVERPOOLINSURANCE and GLOBE
'Archbishop Rotherham Reviews and Magazines.
' COMPANY.
Notices to Correspondents. Xnyested Funds
FIRE. LIFE. ENDOWMENTS.
9,835.193.

ANNUITIES. HUNGARY.
Vtt XtrjtlBER for JULYS contains: LIFE DEPARTMENT. By M. KATSCHER.
Expenses and Premiums Moderate. Bonuses large. Policies effected
HYMN ON BIRTH OF EDWARD VII.
in 1902, at Annual Premiums, will participate for
VERSES FOR A PRINCE OF WALES.
NOTESr Cowley Living Memory of Coronation of George IV. TWO FULL YEARS" BONUS ITALY.
Gleek" Cigar "Sheregrig" Inaccurate -Miusions Pound's
'
Quinquennium ending next
By Dr. GUIDO BIAGL
I'iy Met'- Took's Court " Autocrat in Russian Scot<li
' "
the Division of Profits for the year.
Literary Churchmen.
QUERIES -Orange Blosoms Papal Provisions Woodhonse-Napper
Tandy Follett-Grace
Past
before Meat' Batallle Lo(|Uifer" Cockle
DALE STREET, LIVERPOOL;
Head Offices :

CORNHILL, LONDON.
POLAND.
dojnditt " Tense-Schaw of Gnspetry- Cantership Stuart
Portraits Gladstone Browne Quotation Howe "A-ailing bv
1, 7,
By Dr. BELCIKOWSKL
the night' "Pec Sictna "Lovel De Hautville May Cats.
REPLIP.S "Meres'eads " " Hopeful "
:

ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS,

: " Sanguine 'Nicknames :

for Colonies Barras Alnsworth-Iron Duke Nottingham

"Ploughing his lonely furrow ' Westminster City Motto Tennis
Patmore Qnnutinn Cigarettes-Shakespeare i. Bacon Pro-
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, RUSSIA.
spicimusmndo-Week-Kennett's Father "Only too thankful "
'

ACCIDENT AND DISEASE By M. BRIUSOV.

'"Ihe" "Box Harry Kccleston - Heuskanan Itarity- " Bar
'

sinister" School Rules Napoleon's Last Years- Wlllughby's (SMALL POX, SCARLET FEVER, TYPHOID, DIPHTHERIA, Ac),
Ornithology" Hop the twig "' Aviwin Latin Verses West
'
' AND
uoume Moon Bookworms "'Lntes of amber ""Buff Week"
ren s Malletfor
-Comma Misplaced- Yarrow L'nvisited-Pole. BURGLARY AND FIDELITY INSURANCE.
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INNEFORD'S The best remedy for
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 ;

108 THEATHEN^UM N" 3899, July 19, 1902

MESSES. HUTCHINSON & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.

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its
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 : )

THE ATHEN^UM
Slournal of englisJf) anlr jTorriffn Sittraturf, ^nrnrr, tin fim ^rt5J,iiifdit.an^' tfifiDrama

No. 3900 SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1902. %'"'/'.'. RKG

^98^REERENCE
PAPKK
n^ H E HARLEIAN SOCIETY. NEWCASTLE-UNDEK-LYME SCHOOL
SCIENCE and ART.
of PAmSjI SOMEftHEC-and
'''HfE^r^KTEiBST ihV>?iAN/s,
Ilfll! TOI,' Io IJiWish
JTtHEL-a'"' Bfll!roI,'.-'lo Pikrlsh CU-rks and Others.
r.-
DORSET,
Founded ISeO. Incorporated VXi. AV AXTEO. HEAD M ASTER, to commence bis duties in SEI'TEMBER WANI'EI), CERTlTKTAtJlS o>,JUU.RIA(ii; of Mr Steven*
NEX r. Must hold the necessary Certificates. Applications must be and Miss Hewncl. about I7.'i9. of Robert ripp and Martha
'

Established for the purpose of Tnnscrililug. I'riuting. and ruliUshini; sent not later than .\l'GUS'l' K! For particulars apply to Mr. W. H. liewnel Stevens, about I7'.t9 and Jane Stevens and George Oborne,
the Heraldic Visitations of Counties. Parish KcKistcrs, or any Manu-
,

Eaui., Secretary, Newcastle, Stall. about 18-"0; and of BIll'THS of Martha liewnel Ktevent, in 1779, and
scripts relating to GencalORy. Family History, and Heraldry, or such Jane Stevens, about 178.') Five Shillings will be paid for each Certifi-
other kindred or partly kindred subjects as may from time to time cate, in addition to the proper foe. Address Li; Bmssn a & O.iklet,
be determined upon by the Council of the Society.
In the Drdinary Section 49 Volumes have been issued.
In the Register Section L*S \'oiumes have been issued.
Entrance Fee, 10.<. ikl. Annual Subsi liption, Ordinary Section, li. l.<.
H ARRIS INSTITUTE,
LECTURER IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
PRESTON. Solicitors, 12, New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SPECIAL CLASSES.

Uogister H. !.<. The HARRIS COUNCIL invite applications for the post of
T ON DON HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.
,,

Chairman of Council-Sir GF.ORGE J. AKMV r.VGE. liart., F.S.A. LECTURER in MEUHANIUAL ENGINEERING. Salary LW;. per
lor all particulars apply to the Secretary and I icasuier. annum. Applications, with copies of not more than three recent -^-^ University of London.
W. KIIUCE KANNERMAN, F.S.A. Testimonials, to be sent in before MONDAY, July 1902. Further L'S,

may be obtained from T. R. JOLLY', Secretary.

SPECIAL C-LASSES for the PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC M.B.
The Lindens, Sydenham Koad, Croydon. particulars
(LONDON) EXAMINATION will COMMENCE on OCTOBER 1st.
BOTANY and ZOOLOGY. By P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A.Oxon-
LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. u NIVERSITY COLLEGE, LIVERPOOL.
T HE incorporated by lloyal Charter.
President
1S9S.
FZ.S.
CHEMISTRY
Fee for
and PHYSICS. By Hugh Candy, B.A. B.Sc.Lond.
whole Course, 'Ten Guineas.
th<^
G K FORIESCUE. Esq ,
ASSISTANT LBCTUKBR IN TRAINING Special Classes are also held for the Intermediate M.B. Load, and
Keeper of the Printed Books, Kritisb Museum. Primary and Final F R.C.S.. and other Examinations.
President-Designate : DBPAKTMBNT. These Classes are not confined to Students of the Hospital.
Dr. W. MACNEILE DIXON, LLB , MUNRO SCOTT, Warden.
Professor of English Language and Literature. Birmingham University.
Aa appointment will be made on SEPTEMBER 1, 1002,
The TWENTV-FIFIH ANNUAL MEETING of the ASSOCIATION
willt held by Invitation of the Local Authorities, at BIRNtlNGHA.M,
on I'UESD.W. September:.*:!, and the Three Following Days.
ASSISTANT to the PROFESSOR of EDUCA-
to the post of WILL any MUSICAL FAMILY,
Neighbourhood, RE(;eiVE into thoir
in London
OUNG
HOUSE YOU
or

Prtpers will be read, and Discussions held, on Hibliograpbical TION. Stipend 150Z. per annum. I'TALIAN IjAOY in return for .Musical Services'.' Professional Singer;
Subjects, and on those connected with the Promotion, Establishment, Pianist; excellent 'Timlst and Accompanist; excellent 'Teacher. Re-
and .Administration of Libraries. quires and gives best references. Address G. G., Homewood's Library,
Information as to the Ass iciation, its Work and Objects, can be The Gentleman appointed will be required to take part in Dyke Road, Brighton.
obtained from Work and
LAWRENCE INKSTEK. Honorary Secretary. the Lecture and Tutorial of the Training College,
AVhitcomb House. Whiteomb Street, Pall Mall East, S.W. in the direction of the Practice of Students both in Primary MADAME AUBKKT'S
SCHOOL AGENCY (estab. 1880). 139
GOVERNESS
and 111. Regent
and
Street, W.
Resident.
J>OYAL ACADEMY
LAST WEEK.
of ARTS. and Secondary Schools. Daily, Governesses, Lady Professors and
and ^'isitillg
'Teachers, Ki^pi'titrices, Chaperons, Companions. Lady Housekeepers
(English and Foreign) introduced for British Isles and Abroad. Schools
Experience of the working of Secondary Schools is and Educational Homes recommended.
The EXHIBITION wUl CLOSE on the EVENING of MONDAY,
.August 4.
essential. THE SECRETARY.
UCATION. ThoroughlyRELIABLKADVICB
E^ Y A L OPENACADEMY ARTS. E",can
University College, Liverpool. obtained (free of charge) from Messrs. GAHlilTAS,
be
of
THRING & CO., who. from their extensive and per*ional knowledKC of
EXHIBITION in the EVENING. 7.;W to lu 30 p.m. from
Hj^H E DURHAM COLLEGE of SCIENCE, the beat Schools for Koys and Girls, and successful Tutors In England
and Abroad, will furnish careful selections if supplied with detailed
MONDAY. July L'S. to SATURDAY. August 2. and on BANK HOLIDAY, NEWCASTLE
UPON-TYNE. requirements. 36, Sackville Street, W.
AUGUST 4, from S i.M. to 10.30 P.M. Admission M. Catalogue GJ. Complete Courses of Instruction are provideil for Students of both
sexes proceeding to Degrees in Science, or in Letters, and for Teachers'

JOURNALIST, with small capital, desires

Certificates for Secondary Schools, and for the Diploma in 'Theory and
Practice of Teaching. Special facilities are ottered for the study of
SECRETARIAL BUREAU, 9, Strand, London,
OPENING for same in a DAILY or WEEKLY", securing per- Agriculture, Applied Chemistry, Mining, and all Branches of Engineer-
W.C Confldential
Secretary. Miss PETHEKKRIDGE (Nat. Scl.
Tripos) Employed by the India Ottice as Indexer. Portuguese and
manency where short probation proves capacity. Advertising, Local, ing and Naval Architecture. Dutch Tnin&lator; also liy the Iloyal Society, the Koyal Geographical
or Editorial. Address PiRAoinpiiisr, 11, Uiiain Mansions, West M.ATRICULATION and EXHIBITION EXAMINATIONS BEGIN Society, the Royal Asiatic Society, &c., and by the Corporatioa of
Kensington. SEPTEMKEH 29. Warrington (lancs).
LECTURES BEGIN OCTOBER 7. 1902. Town and County Records Indexed. Special System of Newspaper
Hostels for Men and for Women Students.
1)EHIND the SCENES in SOCIETY and Prospectuses on application to the SECiicr^iiv.
Indexing- Libraries ('ataloti:ued. Conf^resses reported in EngUsb,
French, and German. Technical Translations into and from all Lah-
' * POLITICS -A WRITER and popularity is OPEN
of position guages. Foreign and Technical MSS. carefully Type-written.
to UBGULAR WORK under these headings Address E. R. H. S.,
Iraucis& Co., Athei^aum Press, Bream's Buildings. E.C. ST.AnPAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON. A few Pupils trained for Indexing and Secretarial Work, la London
EXAMINATION will be held at the above SCHOOL on and Berlin.
rUESDAY, September 16 1902. and the Following Days, for FILLING
RESEARCH WORK for AUTHORS and Others. UP TWENTY or more VACANCIES on the FOUNDATION Full
particulars can be obtained on application to the Bl ks.vr.
IWPE- WRITING undertaken by highly educated
LITERARY and GENEALOGICAL WORK UNDERTAKEN "Women of I^iterary experience (Classical Tripos ; Cambridge
by EXPERT. Family Pedigrees and Histories Traced. Historical Higher Local; thorough acquaintance with Modern Languages).
Records. Parinh Registers searched. Materials for Hooks and 'pHB DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX. Research, Revision. Translation References to Authors. Terms
Pamphlets Collected and Prepared for Publication. Indexing. Refer- 1 Head Mistress Miss LUCY ROBINSON, M. A. (late Second Mis- fcashj: Ordinary English Prose, 1>- 'Sd. per 1.000 woids: scale of
ences. A. G., Alperton^ Wembley. tress St. Felix School. Southwoldi. References: The Principal of charges on application. The ('AMimiDoE TvPE-WmriNfi Agekct. 10,
Bedford College. London; 'The Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University. Duke Street, Adelphi, W.C. (formerly 8. R., 1, Lingard's Road,
Lewlsham,
pOLLATION
"
of MANUSCRIPTS. WANTED, yN IVERSITY of DURHAM. S.B.).

GENTLEMEN. writing a good, clear hand, for COPYING

ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS and COLLATINti with PRINTED rpYPE-WRITING. Authors' Plays, MSS., &c., of
TEXT. Reply, by letter, giving references, marked Collation, DIPLOMA IN THEORY AND PRACTICE OF 'TEACHING. J. every description. Carbon and other Copies. MS from Dictation,
Atlienacam Press, Bream's Buildings, E.C. Particulars of the Course of 'Training for Secondary 'Teachers and of (juickly and accurately. -Miss E. M 'Tio*b, 5, Maltland I*ark Itoad,
the Examination for the above Diploma may be obtained from the Haveistock Hill, N. W. Established 1884.
SECRn-AttT ot Ex\Mi.v vTioxs, North Bailey, Durham.
GRANT RICHARDS has a VACANCY in
COPYING
by
his PUBLISHING OFFICE
letter, to 43, Leicester Square, W.C.
for a YOUTH, age about 18 -Apply,
B EDFORD COLLEGE
(University of London.)
for WOMEN. THYPE-WRITING.
10<i
All kinds
carefully and quiclily executed in best style. Authors' .MSS. from
per 1 tx)0 words. .Established 1893 ) Miss Uls.Nrr, 7, Ilalham
of

YORK BAKER PLACE, STREET, W. Grove, Balham, S.W.

IITERARY WORK, requiring general knowledge Principal Miss ETHEL H URL B ATT.
J and legible handwriting. Strict oWce hours in London Publish-
ing house. Stale experience.- Address Y. Z., Athenicum Press, Bream s The SESSION 190'2-3 will OPEN on THURSDAY. October 2
The College provide* instruction for Stmlents preparing for the
[nPK-
1^ WRITING. The WEST KENSINGTON
iJli:ldiDgs, E.C.
University of London Degrees In Arts. Science, and Preliminary AGENCY'. .Authors' MSS , 'Translations. &c I'bonogi-aph used.
Legal and General Copying. Circulars, &c.. Duplicated Lessons glyen.
Medicine; also instruction In subjects of General Education Established 18i)3.-SiKts & S;ks, 13,
Usual terms. Kefeicnci-s
"j>EQUIRED, by a LONDON PUBIJSHER, a There Is a Training' Department for Teachers, a Hygiene Depart-
ment, and an Art School. Wolverton Gardens, Hammersmith itoad. W
1 V thoroughly competent RE.ADER. One with Publishing experi- Students can reside in the College.
tiie preferred. Reply, stating salary required, and with copies of
iestimonials, to R. S., care of Messrs. Reynell &. Son, 41, Chancery Full particulars on application to the Puist ii'al. AUTHORS' MSS., SERMONS, PLAYS, &c.,
Lane, WO. 'TYPK-WUl'T'TEN with accuracy and dispatch, 8./. per 1,000. In-
QT. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL, cluding paper and postage. Also Shorthand .Miss N. E. Koui.nso.n, 8,

I^^DITOR WANTED for a leading MONTHLY O ALIiBU'T EM11\NKME.N'T, LO.NUON, S.E. "VVestover rtoad, London, S.W.

PERIODICAL MuHt have a good knowledg-? of The WINTER SESSION of liWL'-lUOO will OPEN on WEDNESDAY,
-i
Molern Painters and Artistic Work generally. Preference would be
Art. particularly
October 1. HOOKS, MSS., &c Messrs. HODGSON k CO.,
fiven to a Gentleman willing to Invest a moderate amount in the 'Thomas's Hospital lieinR one of the Medical Schools of the
Rt. Auctioneers of Hooks and Literary Property of every description.
undertaking -Address In tirst instance, to Lux, care of H. A. MoQ- University of London, orovision is made for the Courses of Study Libraries and smaller Collections carefully Catalogued and promptljr
crifr. 19, Ludgate Hill, E C. prescribed for tlie I'reliminary Scientific, Intermediate, and l-'lnal offered f.ir Sale. Packing and Uemoval arranged for. Valuations made
Examinations in Medicine for Probate. Ac. Auction Koonis. 115. (;hancery Lane. Estab 1809.
'Three Kntrancc Schidarships will be f>llered for competition in

H AMPSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL.

PERlN'd GRAMMAR SCHOOL, ALRESFORD
SElM'KMHKll, viz One of l.W Guineas and one of (Jo/. In Chemistry
,

and I'lissics with either FhysioloKy. Ilotany, or Zoology, for I'lrst

Year's Students One of tA)l in *natorny, I'hyslolojfy, Chemistry (any
:

Two) for 'Third Year's Students from the t'niverslties.

p,'HE AUTHORS* AGKNCY. EsiaMished 1879.
'The interests of Authors capably reoresented. AgrcementB for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publlshers.-
"'
Terms and TesU-
(For Boys and GlrlS). Scholarships and M' ney I'rizei are awarded at the Sessional Exami- nionlals on application to Mr. A. M. Hi kchls,,34 PaieiuosterKow.
nations, as well as several Medals.
WANTED, to take np duties io SKrrBMBP.R a SENIOR MISTRESS All Hospital Appointments are open to Students without charge
-for the above Schwil. One with English. French. Science, and Needle-
*vork q'lalifications preferred Salary 9fi/ pi-r annum, rising to 1(>V.
Club Uooms anil an Athletic (Jround are provided for Students / ^ MITCIHELL & CO.. Agent* for the Sale and
'The School Buildings and the Hospital can be seen on application to
Applications to be ma^le on forms to be obtain* d from the under-
Medi'*!. an \in.
'
Purchase of Newspaper Properties, nndcrUkc Taluatlonafor
'.
the
Probate or Pui chase. Investigations, and Audit of Accounts. *c. Card
Sfc*
igned-mul l>e received not later than K.ATURDA Y. Augut 2 Kntries may be
'The fees may be paid in one sum or bv Instalments
D. T. COWAN. Director of 'Technical Education. of 'Terms on application.
nia'ie separat.<ty to Lectures or to Hospital Practice and special
The Culle. Winchester, July 17. X'Jtfi. Mitchell Houae, 1 and 2, Snow Hill, Holborn Viaduct, E.C.
ari-anKeriients are made for students entering from the Universities
and for (iualilied Practitioners

W^'ARRINGTON MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL A KeKlstei of approved IxiilKinga is kept by the Medical secretary,
who also has a list --f local Medical I'ractltioners, Clergymen, and 'VO INVALIDS.-A LIST of MKDK^AL MEN
INSTITUTE. otheis who receive Students Into their houses. I In all parts HKCEIVING ItKSIDENT )-A'l HN IS sent gratis I with
Applications are invited from Teachers of Evening Classes In the Fo Prospectus and all particulars apply to Mr. Ui:m)i.k, the M*'dieal fullparticulars Schools also reo.minendt"! -McdUal. *c. Association,
followiOR subjects for the coming Session ; Secretary. H. O. TCltNKY, MA.
.M.D.Oxon., iMJan. Mniitcd Ci-aven Street
'.-.'. Trafalgar s<|uii! W C. lelcgraphlc
PLUMBER S WORK. Address, Tilforni. London." Telephone No IKM. Oerrard

LEATHER TANNING. LIMrrKD NUMHKK .if SONS of GKNTLK-

HUMAN PHYSIOU)OY and HYOIKNE. MKN underi.'., can rirel ve KPKCI AI.'TI ITION In l-UKNCH and
(CCAKAHS A valuable C()IJ-KCTH)N of 1.550
<;KltM \N. iMsldfs u'-ual Knglish Sulijfcls, In the I'amlly of the French
rartlenlari may be obtUoed from the un Imlgncd. Inntruclnr at the K<>)ai .Military College, ^andburt. Apply to L. k genuine and perfect SCAIIAIIS Foil SALE.-Wrltc Fuui, U,
'

CHARLES MADELEY, Bccrclary. L''ii>iu.N.M,, Monijoie, Canilierley. Chancery Lane, W.C

 .

110 THE ATHEN^UM N3900, July 26, 1902

General Natural History. BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE.
CATALOGUE,
\J
No. 35. Drawings by Turner,
Ac- KnKravln(<
liy and after Turner,
M R. J, C.
.38, King
STEVENS
Street,
On TUESDAY, July 29,
will OFFER,
Covent Garden, London,
at his
W.C ,
Rooms, AUGUST,

CYPRUS UNDER BRITISH RULE. By Sir

No. 1C42
An ISOLATED CASE. By Einest Foxwcll.
1902. 2. 0</.

R. Hamilton Lang.
Varlc-y, I'loiit, Hunt,
Millet, Whistler, &c BRITISH and FOREIGN LEPIDOPTEUA. WITH the PEARLERS of NORTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
Hogaitli, Olrtln, Constaljlc, &c. Etehlnjfs by
Illustrated Hooks Works by John Uuskln. Tost free, Sixpence. W.m. INSECI' CABINEI'S-OLAZED CASES. The END of the 'TETHER. Chaps. 5-7. By Joseph Conrad.
Wauu, 2, Church Terrace, Klchniond, Surrey. RARE and CURIOUS BIRDS, well set up. A SEASON in SKYE. By Hugh E, M. Stulfield.
Very fine SPECIMENS of and HORNS from Sonth Africa,
HEADS EPISODES in the ADVENTURES of M. D'HARICOT. The Monsieur
EDWARD BURNE-JONKS. SIX
SIRCHALK important North America, and Central Asia. meets Mr.
SAPPHO'S LAST SONG.
Lumme and engages a Valet. By J.
By Giacomo Leopardi.
Stoier Clouston.
DH.VWINGS for Olass I'aintlnK. executed for Messrs. WILD GAME, and many interesting and valuable 'Translated by Sir
Morris & Co S.VLE.-I'articulars on application to
I-'O It Wm. Waud, 'Theodore Martin, K.C. B.
,

Church Terrace, Kiclimond, Surrey. LOTS of NATURAL HISTORY OBJECTS.

2. ST. BRIGID'S FLOOD. By Stephen Gwynn.
On view day prior and morning of Sale. MUSINGS WITHOUT METHOD : The
w ILLIAMS
IMl'OHTBKS
14,
Of
& NORGATB,
FOREIGN BOOKS,
Henrietta Street, Coyent Garden, London
and 7, Broad Street, Oxford.
j
A valuable Collection of very fine Models of Engines, comprising
Locomotive, Horizontal, and I'ertical,
ON
Journalism
Lord Kitchener
'The Domination of the Novel.
the HEELS of I>E
King's Illness Undignified
Lord Salisbury

WET. VIII.

Mr. Balfour's-
Sympathetic Authority 'The Latin Quarter- London and Paris

Still Pottering.

Quantity of Tools, ^c. The NEXT NAVAL BATTLE

CATALOGUES on application : a Forecast. By Active List.
FlilDA y, August 1, at half-past IS o'clock. William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London.

LBIGHTON'S MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER at his Rooms,

HE FORTNIGHTLY
EARLY PRINTED 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ''I'' REVIEW,
CATALOGUE of and Some very interesting Lots of MECHANICAL MODELS, J- by W. COURTNEY. Edited L.

other INTEKKSTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, consisting of AUGUST, 1902.

and BINDINGS. LOCOMOTIVE, VERTICAL, and HORIZONTAL ENGINES. AMURA'TH to AMURATH.

Part II., containinKletterC, price :'.s. With 230IllU5trationa in Facsimile. Highly finished, beantiful WORKING MODELS. The PRIME MINISTER. By Michael Macdonagb.
A 4-inch TELESCOPE by Dalland, with Eye-Pieces. The COLONIES after the CONFERENCE. By Calchas.
J. & J, LBIGIITON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
STUDENTS' MICROSCOPES, -nith Objectives and all Accessories The CAPE and its PARLIAMENT. By Edward Dicey, C.B.
Part I. containing A B, with 120 Illustrations, price 2s. complete. REAR-ADMIRAL WILLIAM 'T. SAMPSON. By Capt. Mahan ancS
SEXTANTS and other valuable Lots of SCIENTIFIC PROPERTY. John D. Long (Ex-Sec. U.S.A. Navy).
IRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS, PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS and PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS The FORETELLING of the FU'TURE. By Maurice Maeterlinck.
including Dickens. Thackeray, Lever. Ainsworth Books illus- ; of all kinds. WITH the EYES of YOUTH. By the late William Black.
trated by G and K. Cruiksbank, rhlz, Kowlandson, Leech, &c. The
largest and choicest Collection oH'ored for Sale in the World. Cata-
ELECTRICAL FITTINGS and APPARATUS. ALSACE-LORRAINE and WILLIAM II. By Dr. Karl Blind.
logues issued and sent post free on application. Books Bought. On view 'Thursday 2 to 5 and on morning of Sale. INDIAN CONDI'TIONS and INDIAN CRITICS. By J D Rees.
Walter T, Spem eh. 27. New Oxford Street. London, W.C. Catalogues on application. SOME PHASES in FICTION. By Walter Sichel.
NE6R0PHILISM in SOUTH AFRICA. By M. J. Farrelly.
MESSRS. HENRY YOUNG & SONS possess
Valuable Sporting Books, the Property of an Amateur. " INTER ARMA CARITAS." By Mrs. Lecky.
of the LARGEST STOCKS of OLD and NEW
one BOOKS in
GREAT BRITAIN, will be glad to hear from any one in The NEW FLYING SQUADRONS of FRANCE. By Archibald 9,
search of Books
and they
out of print, as they can in many cases supply them MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL Hurd.
Irom their large Stock.
by AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47. Leicester Square. W.C ,
An AUTHOR at GRASS. Part II. Edited by George Gissing.
on WEDNESDAY, July 30, a SELECTION from the LIBRARY of an
CATALOGUES MONTHLY. AMA'TEUR, comprising valuable Sporting Books, \vith Coloured Plates, Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London.
12, South Castle Street, Liverpool. and including Annals of Sporting, 13 vols, uncut Ackermann's Re-
pository, Complete Set, 40 voW. Ackermann's Microcosm, 3 vols,
uncut Ainsworth's Old ^t. Paul's and Miser's Daughter, both uncut- NOW READY.
SHAKESPEARE. WANTED TOFolio,PURCHASE,
1032 and Third
Airy Nothings, or Scraps and Naughts, 1825 Aiken's Moments of
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS of th&
Copies of the First Folio, 1623 Second
fine ; ; Fancy, National Sports of England, 8vo and 4to Editions Life of a
Folio, 1663 or 1664. Very high price will be paid for any in choice Racehorse and Analysis of the Hunting Field Apperley's Life of ROYAL SOCIETY of LONDON.
condition also lor Quarto Plays prior to 1650. Albert Jackson & Son,
; Mytton, the tirst 'Three Editions Boccaccio's Decameron. 2 vols.. Series A, containing Papers ol a Mathematical or Physical Character.
224, Great Portland Street, London. Coloured Plates Excursion to Brlghtelmstone, Plates by Rowlandson
Burney's Evelina, Coloured Plates, uncut 'The Roadster's Album, 1845 Vol. CXCVIII with Plates, price 1!. 8s 6d.

WANTED.
Combe's of Dr. Syntax, 3 vols.. First Editions
'Tours Life of London : Harrison & Sons, 45, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
BOOKSExchange. 25s. each offered, Cash Napoleon, uncut, 1815
Egan's Life in London, Finish to Life in
London, and Carey's Life in Pans, all uncut The Humourist, 4 vols,
or Curzon's Persia. 2 vols.
First Edition, 1850 Geo. Meredith's Poems, 1851 Hewlett's Earth-
1892- In Memoriam,
boards, uncut
Dickens's Sketches by Boz, 3 vols, cloth, uncut- T^HE LIVERPOOL CATHEDRAL COMPETI-
work out of Tuscany, 1895
Montaigne's Essays. Tudor Trans ,
Memoirs of Grimaldr, 2 vols, uncut Egan's Real Life in London, J- TION Petei borough Cathedral Completion of Repairs to the-
;

The Architectural Associatiou Fxcursion in Northamp-

3 vols. 1832-Symonds'3 Essays, 2 vols. 1890-Cook's Foxhunting, 1826 2 vols uncut Egan's Anecdotes, Coloured Plates, uncut Franklaud's West Front ;

Hissey's Drive through England, 1885 Gamonia. 1837 Shirley's Deer Plates of Shooting Grimm's German Popular Stories, 2 vols. uncut- tonshire, with numerous Illustrations and Sketches; Compulsory
Parks, 18C7
Collyn's Wild Red Deer, 1862 Desperate Remedies, Woodward and Rowlandson '8 Grotesque Borders Ireland's Life of Registration of Title to Land; A Note from Rome. &c See the
3 vols. 1871
.Jackson's Old Paris, 2 vols. 1878 Jackson's French Court, Napoleon, 4 vols, morocco extra Moore's Annals of Gallantry, 3 vols. BUILDER of Julj- 26 (4/. by post. Wd.). Through any Newsagent or
;

2 vols. 1881 Jesses Richard III., 1862- Warwickshire Hunt. 1837
Stevenson's New Arabian Nights, 2 vols. First Edition, 1882 Dowell's
Taxes, 4 vols. lS88-Froude's short Studies. 1868-71, 4 vols. 8vo-Keats's
Poems, 1817 Endymion, 1818. 100,000 BOOKS FOR SALE and WANTED.
By
;
Portraits of Winning Horses, 1849 Rowlandson's Comforts of Bath- direct from the Publisher of the KifiWfr, Catherine Street, London, W.C.
Loyal Volunteers of London and Westminster, uncut Jorrocks's
Jaunts and Jollities, Coloured Plates and uncut 'Thornton's Don
Juan, 2 vols. Coloured Plates Vyner's Notitia Venatica, Coloured

far the largestand most valuable .Stock in Birmingham. State wants.

Baker's Great Bookshops, 14 and 16, John Bright Street, Birmingham.
Plates
Westmaeott's English Spy, 2 vols, uncut
Excursions, 1799, &c.
Woodward's ELLIOT STOCK'S NEW BOOKS.
T'UN BRIDGE WELLS. Comfortably FUR- Portion of the Library of JAMES WISEMAN, E>q.,
Now ready, in crown 8vo, bound in cloth, price 2s. 6i. net.
J- NISHED SIl'TING-ROOM and ONE or TWO BEDROOMS. removed from Essex.
Quiet, pleasant, and central.
Station.
Three minutes' walk Irom S.E.R. & C.
No others taken. R. H., 66, Grove Hill Road, Tunbridge MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C,
will SELL Right Hon, JOSEPH CHAM-
Wells.
on 'THURSDAY, July 31, and Following Day, at ten minutes past
BEKLAIN. A Study of bis Character as a Statesman,
1 o'clock precisely, a PORTION of the LIBRARY of JAMES WISE- By H. C. PBDDEK.
TO BE LET, from August 11 to September 29 or MAN, Esq., removed from Essex, amongst which will be found Gough's
longer, FURNISHED or UNFURNISHED HOUSE in South- Sepulchial Monuments Grose's England and Wales Kay's Original
West Suburb.
cold), usual
Three Reception Rooms, Five Bedrooms, Bath (hot and
Offices, small Garden, Apply R., Athena?um Press,
Portraits and Caricature Etchings Billings's Cathedral Antiquities
Woolfe and Gandon's British Architect Gotch's Architecture of the
Renaissance in England Adam's Ruins of Daliiiatia Wood's Ruins of
NEW VOLUMES OF VERSE.
Bream's Buildings, E.C.
Palmyra Milton's Poetical Works, 3 vols, morocco Nash's Mansions, In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 6s. net.

4 vols. Hone, printed on vellum, with miniatures Calendar of State
ATHEN^UM
FRANCIS.
PRESS. JOHN EDWARD
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Miscellaneous Books. " A

LIFE. Poems by GERTRUDE
collection of miscellaneous little poems, written with,
E. MUNTON.

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AFTER the SIEGE of 1813. By Charles L. TYPHON, and other Poems. By
of the 'Trustees of the late ADAM
PA'TERSON, Esq.. LL.D of Glasgow, ,

The MAJESTY of the LAW. By M. E. Francis.

ARTHUR K. SABIN.
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N3900, July 26, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 111

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N390t), JrLv2(), 1902
SATURDAY, JULY
CONTENTS.
Mii.es ix Persia
Tex Thousasd
Hkxry VIII
The New Excii.isH Dictionary
Scottish PiiiLosorHY
Mb. BooKKB Washisgton's Autobiography
Theological Litkbatvrk
Short Stories
State Papers and Calexpars
Hecent Work on Plato ..
OVR Library Taiile (Lord Strathcona
Present and Future; As 'oka;
Roll8 ; Works Colonial Government
Swift's Prose ; loving Anglo-Indian.
A View of Hindoo Society An English Girl in ;
Paris Western Australia)
; 123-121
List of New Books
Here's a Health unto His Majesty; Mr. Kegan
Paul Samoax Sacred Aximals Edmuxd Pyle,
; ;
D.D. 'From the Fleet is the Fifties'; The
;
125128
Firefly ix Italy; Sales
Literary Gossip 128
Science Millais ox Surface - feeding Ducks;
History OF Geology; Gossip 129131
Fine Arts Mr. Goodall's Reminiscences Two
Catalogues; The" LAnYRiNTH"AND the Palace
ofKxossos; Sales; Gossip 131- 133
Music 'Dox Giovanni'; Productiox of Der
Wald'; Royal Academy*, Students' Perform-
ance; Beethovex and Clementi; Gossip 134- 1.35
Drama 'Le< Dfux ficoLES'; Gossip
LITERATURE
Ten Thousand Jliles in Persia
in Iran. By Major Percy Molesworth
Sykes, H.M. Consul, Kerman and
Persian Baluchistan.
The Sir George Chesney, when lec-
late
turing some ten or twelve years ago to the
members of the United Service Institution
of India, on the invasion of that country
by Alexander the Great, gave it as his
opinion that " an army which had been in
the field for eight years, and had marched
from the heats of the Nile to the snows of
the Hindu Kush, always victorious, was a
perfect military engine." By a like pro-
cess of reasoning, we may accept the recent
experiences of Major Sykes as constituting
him a recognized authority on the matter of
up-to-date Persia. His claim to actual
" mileage "
a term familiar to the Indian
Pay Department may be readily conceded
by the initiated reader without inquiry about
the particular quadrupeds employed, or even
any chance transport by rail or steamer,
should such have been included in the
account. In other words, the instructive
and richly illustrated volume we are about
to notice may be considered to be the out-
come of just as many years of toil and travel
as sufficed for Alexander of Macedon to
stay his hand from Persia and so-called
Central Asia and proceed to his
project, the invasion of India.
Leaving London in January, 1893, Major
Sykes set forth with intent to enter Persia
at the south-east corner of the Caspian, and
after visiting Odessa, Tiflis, and Baku,
made for the Uzun Ada, or Long Island,
the starting - point of the Transcaspian
railway. Here he penetrated the Turkoman
country, opened out by Vambt'ry some years
before, and more or less fully described by
Baker, Napier, and others. Thence making
for Meshed (more accurately Mash-had), he
;
THE ATH EN^UM
26, 1902. struck o\\ for Kerman, to the description of
which province and its capital he devotes
the better part of three chapters, not only
P\OE interesting as narrative, but also indicating
113
much research. They close with a state-
m ment of his arrival at Bushire, from which
liri place he turns eastward to Simla, taking
llt> occasion to say something of the Baluch
IK fishing ports passed on the way, and not
118 omitting Maskat, on the opposite side of
120 the Gulf. At Simla a further mission of
121 travel awaited him, and he set out de novo
122 on that kind of roving career which, backed
War Horses
;
by Government encouragement, possesses
Durham Account an indescribable charm for the adventure-
Without attempting to follow our ener-
getic explorer step by step through each
124 stage or section of his travels, or noting each
occasion of his return to Europe, whether
to recruit or report progress, as the case
might be, we are able to gather from his
sister's bright narrative (of which a second
edition was published in 1901) that in the
summer of 1891 he returned from his second
; Persian journey, and that in November of
the same year he started for Marseilles on
his third journey in the same direction,
'
with Miss Sykes as a companion. From
this expedition we learn that the travellers
136 did not return till after an absence ex-
ceeding two years, during which time
the British Consulate at Kerman had
become a significant fact. It is perhaps
equally significant that in the autumn of
; or, Eight Years 1895 a Russian Vice-Consul was appointed
in Sistan. In any case Major Sykes
makes it apparent that the founding or
(Murray.) shall we say "counterfounding" ?
of con-
sulates was a matter which accounted for
his presence in the locality aSected. By the
way, it may be assumed, from the mode in
which a chapter of local history is here
alluded to, that the retrospect of the original
Sistan arbitration has still a certain attrac-
tiveness for Eastern politicians and that in
; pigeon-holed reports of the Bombay Govern-
spite of the fulness of detail with which the
original question was treated, neither the
true position nor the inevitable embarrass-
ment of the mission itself has been quite
appreciated or understood up to the present
moment. This is not, however, the time
or place for the revival of controversy on
incidents concerning a past generation
of governors or agents. We
will content
ourselves, therefore, with a brief recurrence
to the subject of Sistan, so far as that
province remains now aSected by old
international arbitration, when bringing
our notice to a conclusion. The book, we
may safely affirm, is replete with interest
and information for those who regard Persia
as a country worthy to take part in the
council- chamber of nations, and not as a
mere field for the discovery of new Hajji
still greater Babas.
From the author's fourth journey up to
the time that he makes his bow before
the footlights of home criticism there
is no occasion to continue the record of
actual exploration comprised within the
10,000 miles of his title-page. A glance at
the contents of his goodly volume will .show
liow strong are claims to compre-
its
hensiveness and versatility. Its geography
is of a useful and popular description. The
knowledge whicli it diffuses on Eastern
Persia is especially sound and practical.
113
Desert phenomena like the I^ut are treated
with skill and for the most part connaissance
de cause. Tracts such as the Sarhad, the
Helmand Lagoon, and Bashakird are just
those on which we seek to obtain still
needed enlightenment. That Major Sykes
is the holder of the gold medal of the Royal
Geographical Society and its Back grant,
as also of the silver medal of the Society of
Arts, is a natural consequence of well-per-
formed services, which not infrequently
meet with public recognition in non-official
quarters, while the powers that be are less
eager to demonstrate their approval.
A subject on which the author comments
with evident gusto, without protending to
elaborate or erudite dissertation, is the
tracing of the footsteps of ancient and
mediiieval travellers, one of whom recalls a
period anterior to the Christian era. The
doings of Alexander the Great should be
made a more essential feature in our modern
school teaching. Apart from their historical
value, the bare retrospect of the geography
involved should render them a worthy study.
As it is, it appears even doubtful whether
the mention of Alexander's name in the first
chapter of the Book of Maccabees gives
it warrant to demand attention from the
most advanced of Bible classes. Of late
years there have been many learned, if
scarcely popular, treatises on the theme of
Alexander's Indian exploits and the labours
of his admirals and generals, and now we
have to thank Major Sykes for introducing
into his newly published volume on Persia
a chapter relating to Alexander's march from
the Indus to the Karun. Nor may we pass
over without notice the curious illustration
(p. 152) of the same warrior's consultation
of the speaking tree.
As regards the voyage of Nearchus, of
whose geography of the Makran coast Dean
Vincent has shown himself to have made
very practical use, it seems probable that the
ment might with advantage have been more
closely examined. The correspondence in
18G2-;5 on the subject of the Indo-European
overland telegraph might well have afforded
some helpful contributions to the narrative
of the difficulties experienced in turning the
Malan range referred to by Major Sykes.
That officer writes :
" About a hundred miles from the Arabios,
the Miilan range, which abuts on the coast, forced
the army to turn inland up tlie Hingol river ;
the hills are indeed practically impassable, and,
in recent times constituted the cru.c of the
difliculties which confronted the telegraph line
in Makrdn. In fact. Sir Thomas Holdicli proves
beyond doubt that the horrors sufiered by the army
were concentrated into this section, a di.stance
of more than l.")0 miles. The de.scription given
might have been written by a modern traveller,
and powerfully appeals to every one familiar with
Makiiin. For they met with lofty ridges of deep
'
sand, not hard and compact, but so loose that
those who stopped on it sunk down as into mud
or rather into untrodden snow The great
di.sUnces also between the st.iges were most dis-
tressing to the army, compelled, as it was at
times by the irregularity of the water supply,
to make marches above the ordinary length.
When they traversed the whole of an allotted
stage by night and camo to water in the
morning, their distress was almost entirely
relieved ; but if, as the day advanced, they were
cHUght still marching, owing to the great length
of t^ho stage, then they were bound to suffer,
 :
114
tortured alike by raging heat and thirst un-
quenchable.'
" most parts of Europe.
All those who had the privilege of per-
sonal acquaintance with the late Sir Henry
Yule will know how eagerly he sought
information on the wanderings of his
Venetian hero. Travellers in the oast of
Persia have been until lately few and far
between, and not to all of them has been
given that spirit of research which keeps
a man alive to the recognition of
routes traversed by a mediaeval explorer,
liowever celebrated, nor the faculty of
identifying the remains of ancient cities or
the sites of an arctic sea or other marvel of
the period. Here is a passage in which
Major Sykes ventures to differ from the
distinguished critic, but how rejoiced would
that critic have been to argue the disputed
question with him, for the mere sake of
adding to his stock of information, even
though his theory suffered defeat At
!
p. 262-3 we read :
'
' Sir Henry Yule in his introduction makes
them [i.e., the brothers Nicolo and Maffeo]
travel via Siviis to Mosul and Baghdad, and
thence by sea to Hormuz, which is the itinerary
shown on his sketch map. This view I am un-
willing to accept for more than one reason. In
the first place, if we suppose, with Sir Henry
Yule, that Ser Marco visited Baghdad, is it not
unlikely that he should term the river Volga
the Tigris, and yet leave the river of Baghdad
nameless ? It may be urged that Marco believed
the legend of the re-appearance of the Volga in
Kurdistdn, but yet, if the text be read with care,
and the character of the traveller be taken into
account, this error is scarcely explicable in any
other way than that he was never there. Again,
he gives no description of the striking buildings
of Baudas, as he terms it, but this is nothing to
the inaccuracy of his supposed onward journey.
To quote the text, ' A
very great river flows
through the city,....and merchants descend some
eighteen days from Baudas, and then come to a
certain city called Kisi, where they enter the sea
of India.' Surely Marco, had he travelled down
the Persian Gulf, would never have given this
description of the route, which is so inaccurate
as to point to the conclusion that it was vague
information obtained from some merchant whom
he met in the course of his wanderings."
In conclusion, we may add a parting
word on Sistan, bearing chiefly on its
present state and circumstances. More
than one opinion has been expressed by
writers in the press, and other advocates or
opponents of the Shah's claims on that
province. By many the award of 1872 was
considered to err in favour of Persia others
thought it too favourable to Afghanistan.
:
As the officer responsible for the decision
believed that he could justify its propriety,
not only by the nature of his instructions,
but also by his estimate of the character
of both disputants, with special regard to
the future peace of the frontier in question,
it cannot be a matter of indifference to those
who share his views to learn from so qualified
an observer as Major Sykes the result
of the hastily concluded settlement after a
lapse of more than thirty years. He says
" Writers coming from Europe or from India
are, in my humble opinion, much too severe on
the state of Persia. To take Sistdn alone, a few
years before the Persian Government acquired
it, no traveller's life was safe, as M. Ferrier
testifies in his Caravan Journeys.' Even at the
' letter written when the king was seven-and-
time of the Sistan Mission the change was very
great, not a single attempt at spoliation or
violence occurring on the Persian side, and
THE ATHEN^UM N 3900, July 26, 1902
to-day, except for trans-frontier forays, the dis- believed, was with child, and that he did not
trict is as safe as steady A like to repair to London himself, or to
immigration goes on from the Afghan side, and remove her, on account of the " dangerous
thus increases the cultivated area of the coun-
try, which has (quadrupled under the rule of the
times " that is to say, the prevalence of
Shah."
sweating sickness. A
little memorial this
of the period when he was not yet tired of
Testimony of the same gratifying kind his first wife and hoped still that she might
bearing upon the once disturbed region of bless him with a male child and, further, an
;
Persian Baluchistan has been given by Sir interesting example of the very confidential
Edward Ross, for many years our political relations which existed between him and
officer on the Makran coast and resident at Cardinal Wolsey. The other facsimile is of
Bushire, an officer thoroughly acquainted one of the notorious love-letters to Anne
with the geography and politics of the whole Boleyn, which, somehow or other, got into
coast from the Shattu'larab to Karachi. the Vatican Library and are there to this
This peaceful state of things and the im- day. It is written in French and presses
provement of our relations with Kelat, Bela, for a declaration of reciprocal affection, as
and countries more immediately bordering the writer protests that he has been smitten
upon India proper, furnish a remarkable con- with the dart of love for more than a year.
trast to the picture presented in the forties Of the pictorial illustrations there are
of the nineteenth century, and will be readily many which are of high interest besides
credited to the statesmanship of our Vice- the portraits of the king. There is one of
roys and their advisers since the disastrous Wolsey from a miniature belonging to
the
period of the Mutiny. Duke of Buccleuch, which is of the type
well known
a side-faced half-length with
the right hand projecting and two fingers
Kenry VIII. By A. F. Pollard. (Goupil raised. Less familiar is the portrait of
&Oo.) Prince Arthur from the Royal Collection at
This magnificent volume as we remarked Windsor. But the portraits really include
of its predecessor, Creighton's Queen Eliza- ' nearly every important historical character of
beth'
naturally invites attention first from the period every one of Henry's queens, his
an artistic point of view. And no reign sisters Margaret and Mary, his son Edward
deserves better to have its art memorials as prince, his daughters Mary and Eliza-
reproduced with that admirable fidelity and beth, his natural son the Duke of Rich-
finish on which Messrs. Groupil have be- mond, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk,
stowed so much attention than the reign of Sir Thomas More, Cranmer, Thomas Crom-
the eighth King Harry. We are all familiar, well, and various others. Altogether they
from various portraits, some of them Hol- form a gallery of rare interest and value.
bein's masterpieces, with his robust and Nor are the pictorial illustrations confined to
portly figure and it is due mainly to the portraits, for they include two well-known
;
high state of art in his reign that the general paintings at Hampton Court of the king's
impression of his personality is so much departure from Dover to meet Francis, and
more vivid than that of all earlier and of the actual meeting on the Field of the
nearly all later sovereigns. Portraits, Cloth of Gold. There is also a representa-
indeed, we have (apparently painted from tion of the latter event from a bas-relief on
the life with trustworthy care) of several of the Hotel Bourgtheroulde at Rouen.
his predecessors. We
can form a pretty Here, then, is a wealth of artistic material
fair idea of the youthful face of Richard II., from which alone some valuable ideas might
of the bland looks of Edward IV., of the be formed touching the character of the
8inister,uncomfortable aspect of Richard III., reign and its chief actors. How far does
and of the careworn, anxious countenance the letterpress go to supplement these
of Henry VII. But of no earlier sovereign notions ? Mr. Pollard has done much good
have we any portrait even where the art work in the Dictionary of National Bio-
*
itself is far from despicable
that conveys graphy,' and we commended some time ago
so much character, and presents besides his volume on the Protector Somerset. Nor
such a splendid physique, as we meet with has he spared trouble to qualify himself for
in the portraits of bluff King Hal. All the this work by the perusal of the Calendars
'
animal nature of the man so painfully of State Papers or, at least, the prefaces to
'
manifest in his history stands out boldly them. But the attempt to form an inde-
from the canvas and yet behind that pendent judgment from such a voluminous
;
powerful forehead and those penetrating mass of material appears somehow to have
eyes we see pretty clearly a strong, imperious been too much for him. At least, we can-
will accustomed to submission, and a brain not say that his remarks are always so
power which knew well, as mere despots
illuminating as we could wish especially
do not always know, how to insist effec- where his views appear to be original and
tually on having its own way. against received opinions.
Even the king's handwriting, of which Mr. Pollard does not go quite the length
two characteristic facsimiles are given, is in that Froude did in extolling the wisdom and
good keeping with his massive frame and virtue of his hero. He admits that Henry
vigorous personality. It is strong, firm, had a " peculiar conscience." But he seems
and heavy not a trace of indecision in the with the fact that Henry did
so impressed
lines, though just a little touch of correction. important work in the world, and work that
The big, bold letters are like schoolboys' he cannot him
had to be done, that believe
''half-text" in size, but there is nothing to have been altogether unscrupulous. And
juvenile about them. The one example is a really, at first, perhaps, he may not have
been. There is a good deal to say for the
twenty to inform Wolsey secretly of two theory that in his early years Henry was
facts which he would not entrust to his animated by generous impulses, and he was
secretary that Queen Catherine, as he certainly popular at the beginning of his

N3i)00, July 2(1, 1902
reign. But another thing to tell us that
it is
he was not degraded afterwards by an insane
passion that he did not advance further
;
and further in the path of conjugal infidelity;
that after having at least two undoubted
mistresses he sought a divorce from his first
wife really for conscience' sake; that "it
was his conscience that made Henry so dan-
gerous" and further, that in constitutional
;
matters he was a champion of liberty, not
at all the sort of king who established a
virtual absolutism by packed Parliaments.
If theories like these can be made good, it
is a pity they were not established first in
some other kind of work admitting of
copious foot-notes and specific references to
authorities for every statement. As put
forth in this volume they are mere
paradoxes, not only without apparent war-
rant, but even sometimes with comments and
arguments that seem to carry with them
their own refutation. The theory of packed
Parliaments, it seems, "may be dismissed
as gross exaggeration." But there is a very
pretty explanation of the delusion: "Par-
liaments packed themselves well enough to
suit Henry's purpose, without any inter-
ference on his part." And, of course, it
was without the slightest pressure that
Parliament released Henry from repayment
of an extortionate loan which he had obtained
in the first instance with very considerable
difficulty.
Mr. Pollard's laborious reading of State
Paper Calendars and exposition of some
intricacies of diplomacy will not do much to
procure acceptance for views like these.
Neither, we fancy, will the general reader,
however unversed in diplomatic history, take
Mr. Pollard's word for it that Cardinal
Wolsey was a blunderer in statesmanship,
whose policy was " an anachronism."
Eeally, a writer who talks in this way will
hardly be listened to with respect when he
avers that there ' never was a flimsier
theory than that the divorce of Catherine
was the sole cause of the break with
Pome." On this matter, however, we are
told that Henry had really convinced him-
self " that to continue to live with his
brother's wife was sin." How sincere
Henry's convictions were we may judge
from what Mr. Pollard himself tells us in
another place : " alien," but it certainly falls short of being
" He told the Papal Nuncio in England that,
although he had studied the question of the
Pope's authority, and retracted his defence of
the Holy See, yet possibly Clement might give
him occasion to probe the matter further still,
and to reconfirm what he had originally
written."
No doubt of it. If the Holy Father only
voidd have granted Henry his divorce, how
zealously would not Henry have recalled his
words, and maintained once more the Holy
Father's authority There never was a
1 " unpopularity."
mind soopen to conviction when good
inducements were held out to him for a
change of view.
Mr. Pollard's summing up is that Henry
" directed the storm of a revolution, which
was doomed to come, and which was certain
to break those who refused to bend "
;
that without him that storm "might have
been far more terrible"; that he "dis-
cerned more clearly than Wolsey the nature
of the ground on which he stood " and ; columns, in which there are nearly a thou-
finally that
THE ATHEN ^UM
" it was well for England's peace and material
comfort that she had for her king, in her hour
of need, a man, and a man who counted the
cost, faced the risk, and did with his might
whatsoever his hand found to do."
We must leave Mr. Pollard to enjoy his
own sentimentsbut the reader will perhaps
;
understand better the view of Henry taken
by Cardinal Wolsey, which Mr. Pollard
quotes in the midst of his eulogy, while
trying to weaken its force. " He is," said
Wolsey,
"a prince of royal courage, and he hath a
princely heart and, rather than he will miss
;
or want part of his appetite, he will hazard the
loss of over half of his kingdom."
A New English Dictionary on Historical
Principles. Edited by J. A. H. Murray
and H. Bradley. Vol. VII. O~0nomastic.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
Dk. Murray applies the term "olla podrida "
to this double section
128 pp. with good
reason. Of the 3,5G5 words here recorded
91 are marked as alien and 538 as obsolete.
Yet " obiter," " odium," "olla," "omen,"
"omnium," "oasis," "oesophagus," and
" olio " are not obelized as alien, as they
are anglicized by frequent use, though
retaining their foreign character. The
altered "olio" is nearer to the Spanish
than our pronunciation of " olla." Perhaps
" od " is regarded as English because no
other language has any more claim to it
than English. Singleton's translation of
Virgil seems to have reinstated the obsolete
" oint," preserved in "ointment," which
should etymologically be " oinment," as
"archaic." In the ecclesiastical "obley"
the modern instances are not enclosed in
brackets, though there is no apparent
reason why it should not be treated exactly
like " oflete." But for a clerical oversight
an extremely rare occurrence in this exem-
plar of care and industry Dr. Johnson's
"Olympionic" would doubtless have been
pronounced "rare." In spite of Johnson's
added /, we should hesitate to follow Dr.
Murray in placing the stress on the penulti-
mate. The second and fifth syllables ought
to receive stress, but it is to be hoped the
word will not be used again. It does not
come under the prescribed definition of
"now current English." It is clear, then,
that the estimate of current English must be
taken cum grano salts. Lexicographers must
content themselves with a broad and simple
classification. Students of the English lan-
guage can multiply for themselves dis-
tinctions between words according to origin,
form, and degree of familiarity. They see at
once that "Olympus" is not English in the
same sense as "heaven" is, and so, too,
even as regards " odium " and "hate" or
Noteworth)' among a number of interest-
ing and instructive articles are those on
"oar," "object" (sb. and vb.), "observe,"
"occupy," "offer," "office," "official"
(sb.), "old," "one," "only," and on the
prepositions "of," " off," and "on." The
word "of" furnishes a very valuable
little
grammatical study, presenting sixty-three
sections, treating of as many varieties of
usage or meaning, and taking up eighteen
sand illustrative quotations. And yet we
;"
115
should like a later date than 1819 for 52 b,
" Sometimes the genitival -s ia retained
peril, often understood as plural," eg., "of
nights," "of evenings," "of mornings";
and than 1860 for 42 d, " Followed by an
adj. used absol.," e.g., " AVhatever of best
he can conceive." In the full and admirable
articles on " on" we find nothing concern-
ing the modern reflexive use "have on
one "r^ carry about the person, e.g., "He
had skeleton keys and a sectional jemmy
on him." To "occupy," of which the last
syllable is not yet satisfactorily explained,
exemplifies the damage inflicted on lan-
guage by giving an affected, debased, or
slang meaning to useful words, since
this valuable vocable
having become,
according to the quotation from Shakspeare
given in the note, " il sorted"
was nearly
lost in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen-
turies. The sense-development of "office"
is interesting. Originally meaning " a ser-
vice, kindness, attention," and " duty,"
"performance of duty," passing through
the stages "function," "official position,"
"place of business," "business corporation,"
"premises occupied by an administrative
department of government," it is then
applied to the responsible administrators of
such a department, and so arrives at the
antipodes of its earliest meanings in the
combination " War Office." The substantive
"official" is of French extraction, and ori-
ginally had an ecclesiastical meaning, the
presiding officer of the court of an arch-
bishop, bishop, or archdeacon while the
;
adjective is more than two centuries later,
and is perhaps, as Dr. Murray avers, taken
directly from Latin. It is strange that
"official insolence " is not found among the
quotations. To " offer," again, was at first,
from the ninth century, ecclesiastical, "to
present to deity or saint as a sacrifice or
oblation," and the substantives " offer,"
"offerer," and "offering" followed the
verb in this respect.
The reckless way in which specialists coin
technical terms is shown by Hamilton's " ob-
jectify " for the earlier "objectize," and the
newer synonyms "objectivate" and " objec-
tivize." Our columns appear to have intro-
duced the adjective "observatory" (1804)
as an alternative to the somewhat earlier
"observational." The attempt to revive
" obstinance " for "obstinacy," which must
have been applied to disease since 1808, is
to be reprobated. Our " oceanographic
has been lengthened to " oceanographicul."
Under " ombre " a recent suggestion that
the game and its name came from Portugal
with Charles II. 's bride is disposed of, and
it is shown that they arrived with or soon
after the king on his restoration. Caxton is
"
credited with the introduction of " obfusk
(vb.), " obmiss "=^omit, "obscurity," " ob-
scurous," " ob temper," " offensable," " ok-
selle " (armpit, Middle Dutch oeknele), and
" ongle." Browning perpetrated " ombri-
fugo " in 1808, but it was, perhaps, an
error for " inibrifuge." In the sense "to
render universal " " oranify " is quoted only
from Coleridge and, per sal/io/i, the
Chicago Advance, in which the mt^uning is
not so clear as is dtsirable. The instances
of " odiousnoss " jump from Burnet, about
1715, to tho ]\[(nuhfHtt'r Kiai/iiutr, 1HH4,
partly, perhaps, because " odium," used in
the same sense, makes the older word super-
 " '
116
fluoua, as also is tho innovation " obtainal."
Milton should have been quoted for " odo-
riferous " and " only omniscient." He is the
earliest authority given for " obstriction,"
"obtrusive," aud"omnific." There should be
a cross-reference from " oneliness " to " onli-
ness," which, according to the examples,
means "oneness," as well as "singleness,
singularity, uniqueness," and "solitariness,
solitude." Undoubtedly " olla podrida
ought to be marked as alien, as much
as "odium theologicum." In the senses
"petty," " shabby," the colloquial Ameri-
canism "one-horse" is now common, though
it may not have got into print much. 0. W.
Holmes's figurative " one- story intellect"
should be noticed under " one," 32. It
should have been mentioned under the
electrical "ohm" that the last quotation
gives the scientific definition of the word, and
the Board of Trade definition should have
been added. In the article on the letter
"0" Dr. Murray separates "moth" in
pronunciation from "rob," "got," and
classes it with "soft" with the o of medial
length, which is heard in "cloth," but not
in " moth," in educated English as spoken
without a perceptible mixture of dialect.
The etymology of the Latin "omen" is
hardly wanted in an English dictionary,
and " perh. for ausmen, f. root of audire to
hear," is quite as doubtful as the connexion
of " obscenus " with Greek o-Katos, which
is Later instances are wanted
not noticed.
for "emitter" (1661, Fuller), which is very
properly not marked as obsolete, for " ob-
testation " (1850),"omnifarious" (1839),
" omniform " (1816), "omnipotently"
(1819), "emissive" (1832), "oil-colour"
(1821) used in the definition of "oleo-
graph," and for "odium" 1, e.g., "expose
me to odium" (1829). The phrase "obex
or bar " occurs in all three quotations for
" obex," so it is left doubtful whether the
Latin word is ever used by itself. Con-
sistency seems to require notice of the
" October Club."
The most conspicuous example of fresh
etymology is the account of " odd " and its
separation from " odds," which in the six-
teenth century was regularly singular,
" apparently pi. of odd a. taken subst." The
old Teutonic form of the cognate " ord "=
tip, point, beginning, is given as " ozdoz "
instead of Tick's "uzdoz" from a root vas,
" cut." Thus the possibility of a connexion
with Lat. "ordior" (= begin) is implicitly
suggested. The sixteenth and seventeenth
century phrase " make odds even " is com-
pared with a phrase quoted under " odd,"
7 b: "We sail evin that is od " (1450-
1470). The Middle English element is
exceptionally obtrusive in the portion before
us owing to the number of early compounds
beginning with the prepositions "of,"
" on," such as " ofask," " ofclepe,"
"ofdrede," "ofearn," " off ear," " of go "
"ofhold," "ofreach," " ofsee," " of slay]"
"ofsting," "oftake," " ofthink," " onbid,"
"onbows," "onfang," "onfast," "ongin,"
" onheave," in addition to " ocker "=usury,
" oeps"=use, "oflete" from Latin "oblata,''
" ofold " =
onefold, " olfend " =camel,
"onde"^ spite, envy, longing, emotion,
breath, " ondful " =
spiteful, " one " or
y onne "=on. But there are hundreds of
important words in regular use such as
"obey," "oblige," "oblique," "observe,"
THE ATHEN^UM
"obtain," "occasion," "olfend," "odour,"
" oil," and their numerous derivatives and
congeners. The adequate treatment of a
large proportion of this multitude of familiar
words has demanded and obtained the
exercise of all the high qualities which are
making the New English Dictionary by
' '
far the fullest, the most scientific, the most
accurate, and altogether the best and most
useful dictionary yet planned or published
in and for any language. Though not pro-
fessedly regulative, it cannot fail to exercise
a beneficent influence on the future of our
language and this at a time when English
;
seriously threatened with rapid de-
is
terioration, partly due to the embarrassing
richness of its vocabulary and the ever-
expanding vastness of its scope. A cursory
survey of any portion of this great work
quickly makes the best-read person feel
how small a percentage of his own mother-
tongue he has at command, and how much
there is to be learnt and remembered even
about the most familiar words. Many
persons who are supposed to be educated
hear and use words and phrases with only
a vague or partial conception of their exact
signification. The 'New English Dic-
tionary '
is the best possible aid to such
weaklings, as the wealth of illustration im-
presses the explanations and distinctions of
usage on the memory. This branch of
etymology, which originally gave its name
to the science, is an element of incalculable
importance to popular education of a whole-
some and elevating type, and is, therefore,
of higher practical value than the morpho-
logy, phonology, and ulterior history of
words, which can only be properly appre-
ciated by students of linguistic science, on
whom the constant use of this dictionary is
imperative. The journalist who was so
tired of writing about rowing "eights"
that he solaced himself by pressing octette
'
'
into aquatic service will find from the
pages before us that he may maintain
variety with equal justification by utilizing
" octad," " octave," " octonary," and
"ogdoad," not to mention the misuse of
" octoreme " suggested by another jour-
nalist. If we must have nonsensical novel-
ties, a multitude of alternatives is a matter
of indifference. But the general effect of
the dictionary on journalism of the better
class is likely to be a salutary check on the
production of journalese, if only writers use
it as they ought.
The forthcoming issue of a portion begin-
ning vol. viii. Q S, edited by Mr. Craigie,
is announced, presumably for October Ist,
when it is to be hoped that a double section
of vol. vi., from " Lief " onward, will also
appear. If each of the three editors issued
256 pages per annum, which ought to be
feasible, the end would be reached within
the first decade of this century.
Scottish Philosophy in its National Develop-
ment, By Henry Laurie, LL.D.
gow, MacLehose & Sons).
Peof. Laurie's agreeably written volume,
while it ought to be of service, as he hopes,
to many who, without any pretence of being
specialists in philosophy, take an intelligent
interest in the history of thought, provides
what will be to the student a useful outline
of the course of Scottish philosophy from
"
N'' 3900, July 26, 1902
Hutcheson to Ferrier. By " Scottish philo-
sophy " is here meant the whole national
development, and not, as sometimes, merely
the common-sense school definitely founded
by Eeid. The national philosophy is thus
conceived as dating from the beginning of
the eighteenth century all that went before
;
belonging in effect to the non-national
scholastic philosophy which, as is usually
forgotten, had continued to be dominant in
the universities of Europe, Protestant as
well as Catholic, long after it had ceased to
make any appeal to independent thinkers.
Hutcheson, as Prof. Laurie notes, was taught
at school (in the north of Ireland), "in
addition to classics, the outlioes of the
scholastic philosophy" and at Glasgow, as
;
professor, he at first lectured in Latin. There
is no doubt, however, about the distinctively
modern character of his own thought; which,
while following that of Shaftesbury in its
argument for the native endowment of man
with benevolent affections, is here, as in many
other points, at one with the whole ethical
drift of the eighteenth century. The hard-
ness which had characterized the political
and especially the religious struggles of the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries had by
now given way and, a more settled life
;
having come in, philosophy could return to
the old humanitarianism developed by the
Stoics in an earlier time of comparative
quiet.
The sketches of minor thinkers are par-
ticularly interesting as contributing to fill
up gaps in the knowledge of most readers,
few of whom, it may be suspected, have
read anything of Andrew Baxter, who tried
to prove from the fact of motion that the
going on of the world must be due to
an immaterial cause, since matter itself is
passive. "The world, according to his
view, is a mechanism which has had motion
'
originally impressed upon it, but which is
ever tending to run down, and therefore
requires the artificial intervention of the
prime mover." This theory, though Prof.
Laurie does not note the fact, has reappeared
in some famous developments of modern
physics.
The greatest of the thinkers brought
under review is of course Hume, against
whose scepticism the philosophy of common
sense was a reaction. Between Eeid and
Hume there was perfect good feeling. Hume
saw Reid's Inquiry in manuscript, and,
' '
while declining criticism, congratulated the
author both on the matter and the manner
of his book. Eeid, on his part, in a letter
written in 1763,
"conveys to Hume the compliments of his
'friendly adversaries,' Campbell, Gerard, and
Gregory, and adds '
Your company would,
:
although we are all good Christians, be more
acceptable than that of St. Athanasius and
;
since we cannot have you on the bench, you are
brought oftener than any other man to the bar,
accused and defended with great zeal, but with-
out bitterness.
(Glas-
By Prof. Laurie Reid is treated liberally,
but with no exaggerated " patriotic bias."
The philosopher of common sense is entitled,
he says, " to the credit of having grappled,
though in a rough and ready way, with one
of the leading problems of modern philo-
sophy." He showed the necessity and
importance of distinguishing between sen-
sation and perception. Yet, as Prof. Laurie

N3900, July 26, 1902
confesses, it is ditlicult to acquit
some of his references to Berkeley, of trading
on popular prejudice. " His philosophy is
the incongruous result of two methods of
inquiry,
one, an appeal to common convic-
tion the other, the method of critical
; consideration.
analysis."
"In this analysis, which is mingled with much
polemical discussion, it can scarcely be main-
tained that Reid has given us a mere transcript
of ordinary thought. He appeals again and
again to the opinion of the vulgar, but his
'plain man' or sensible daj'-labourer' is,
for the most part, the counterpart of Reid him-
self, and has a knack of arriving, by the same
methods, at the same conclusions."
A less philosophical representative of
common sense was Beattie. "Eeynolds,"
Laurie relates
as~ Prof. in an
passage,
"painted Beattie with the 'Essay' under his
arm, the angel of Truth hovering near him and
holding in one hand a pair of scales, while the
figures of Prejudice, Scepticism, and Folly, two
of these bearing some resemblance to Voltaire
and Hume, shrink from the light of the sun
that beams on the angel's breast. Amidst the
chorus of praise Goldsmith was a dissentient,
reproaching Reynolds for degrading a genius
like Voltaire before '
so mean a writer as Dr.
Beattie,' and predicting that the famous
would be forgotten in ten years. Its reputation,
however, lasted into the nineteenth century."
In one chapter an interesting account
included of that singular figure Lord Mon-
boddo, who sought to revive Greek philo-
sophy in a Platonizing or Aristotelian form,
and who, from a point of view of his own,
started the idea of the transmutation of
species. Enough is told by Prof. Laurie
to show that he deserves remembrance for
something more than the mere eccentricities
of his thought but there is no doubt that,
;
as the writer adds, he was strangely unfortu-
nate in his attempts to make facts support
his theories.
The detailed studies are brought to a
close with excellent chapters on Sir William
Hamilton and James Frederick Ferrier.
Summing up his criticism of Hamilton, the
author remarks that the logical end of his
philosophy, as shown historically, was phe-
nomenalism pure and simple :
"Here, then, the wheel of speculation
come full circle. The philosophy
of
Sen.se, devisedby Reid as a safeguard against
Scepticism and Idealism, was so transmuted by
Hamilton as to lead back again to the conclusion
that nothing can be known, and conscfjuently
that nothing can be affirmed or denied, beyond
the fleeting phenomena of consciousness."
The traditional "Scottish philosophy " was
not, of course, turned in this direction with-
out influence from the deeper thought of
Kant, though Hamilton's philosophy is not
itself Kantianism. In opposition on the
whole to Hamilton, Ferrier, his personal
friend and ardent admirer, developed a
remarkable and too little known system of
idealism. Ferrier himself claimed to be
purely Scottish as regards his intellectual
antecedents, but after him, as Prof. Laurie
notes in a concluding chapter, English and
Scottish philosopliy tend to merge into one,
and now " the stream of the national
philosophy has mingled with the fuller
tide of European thought."
THE ATnEN^U
him, in Tp from Slaver y an Anfohiographi/, By
:
Booker T. Washington. (Grant Richards.)
This book might be called, in
fashion, a " human document," and it is a
very instructive one, throwing light upon
the problem of the negro in America. The
author is a negro who was born a slave.
He quotes the following description of him-
self, written hy Mr. Creelman, correspondent
of the New York World, when he appeared
on a public platform in Atalanta :
'
"A strange thing was to happen, A black
man was to speak for his people, with none
to interrupt him. As Professor Washington
strode to the edge of the stage, the low,
descending sun shot fiery rays through the
windows into his face. A great shout greeted
him. He turned his head to avoid the blind-
ing light, and moved about the platform for
amusing
relief. Then he turned his wonderful coun-
tenance to the sun without a bhnk of the
eyelids, and began to talk. There was a
remarkable figure tall,
; bony, straight as a
Sioux chief, high forehead, straight nose,
heavy jaws, and strong, determined mouth,
with big white teeth, piercing eyes, and a com-
manding manner. The sinews stood out on
his bronzed neck, and his muscular right arm
swung high in the air, with a lead-pencil
grasped in the clenched brown fist. His big
feet were planted squarely, with the heels
'
Essay ' together and the toes turned out. His voice
rang out clear and true, and he paused impres-
sively as he made each point. Within ten
minutes the multitude was in an uproar of
is
enthusiasm handkerchiefs were waved, canes
were flourished, hats were tossed in the air.
The fairest women of Georgia stood up and
cheered. It was as if the orator had bewitched
them,"
A
very tedious and trying ordeal had to
be gone through before Mr. Booker
Washington made his mark. He does not
know the exact place and date of his birth,
although he thinks the year in which he saw
the light was 1858 or 1859, He has failed
to learn any particulars about his mother's
family and his father. All he can say with
certainty is that he was born a slave on a
plantation in Franklin County, Virginia, and
that, Lincoln issued his proclamation
till
abolishing slavery, he lived in a log cabin
fourteen by sixteen feet square, with his
mother, a brother, and a sister. The slaves
were well fed, otherwise they could not
do their work but their children were
; the
has treated, the author says, like dumb animals,
Common
getting " a piece of bread here and a scrap of
meat there," sometimes a cup of milk and
sometimes a few potatoes. When he had grown
sufficiently, he was employed at the "big
house " to turn paper fans to keep the flies
off the table. iJuring the Civil War he and
his fellow-slaves sull'ered fewer privations
than their masters and mistresses, as they
could subsist on the corn bread and pork, of
which there was abundance, while the whites
felt the deprivation of coffee, tea, and other
things which the slaves never tasted. When
the men were in the field, the slaves were
left in charge of their wives, daughters,
and children, and Mr. Washington main-
tains that they were true to their trust,
accounting it both a privilege and a duty
to protect the ''young mistress or the old
mistress." lie states that few instances can
be found, " either in slavery or freedom, in
which a member of my race has been known
to betray a specific trust."
The account of his struggles to obtain the
;
1^1 n
education without which he could not rise
in the world is graphically yet modestly
written, while his comments on the respective
French conditions and prospects of the white and
the negro boy are shrewd and worthy of
He contends that the negro
should not be judged too harshly if he fail
indeed, his failure is expected, while the
success of the white boy is taken for granted.
He adds:
" Those who constantly direct attention to the
negro youth's moral weaknesses, and compare
his advancement with that of white youths, do
not consider the influence of the memories which
cling about the old family homestead. I have
no idea, as I have stated elsewhere, who my
grandmother was. I have, or have had, uncles
and aunts and cousins, but I have no knowledge
as to where most of them are. My case will
hundreds of thousands of black
illustrate that of
people in every part of our country. The very
fact that the white boy is conscious that, if he
fails in life, he will disgrace the whole family
record, extending back through many genera-
tions, is of tremendous value in helping him to
resist temptations. The fact that the individual
has behind and surrounding him proud family
history and connections serves as a stimulus to
overcome obstacles when striving for success."
Our author resolved, when he was still
very young, that, having no ancestry, he
would leave a record of which his children
could be proud, and which might encourage
them to make further efforts towards
higher things, and he has striven successfully
to act up to his ideal. After he had labor-
iously acquired the elements of learning, his
ambition was to enter the Hampton Insti-
tute, where negroes were educated. He did
not make a favourable impression on Miss
Mackie, the head teacher, but she said that he
might sweep out the schoolroom. He care-
fully swept and dusted it, and Miss Mackie
was so well pleased with his thoroughness
that she said, " I guess you will do to enter
this institution." He adds :
" I was one of the happiest souls on earth.
The sweeping of that room was my college
examination, and never did any youth pass an
examination for entrance into Harvard or Yale
that gave him more genuine satisfaction. I
have passed several examinations since then,
but I have always felt that this waa the best
one I ever passed,"
General Armstrong, who presided over
Hampton Institute, mentioned in
is
enthusiastic terms, and Mr, Washington
but one of many
says that he was
Northerners who laboured to elevate the
negro race and never uttered a bitter
word about the Southerners against whom
he had fought. Life at Hampton Institute
was a constant revelation to this poor negro
boy. Nearly everything was new to him,
and he was specially impressed with his
meals at regular hours, which were served
on a table covered with a cloth, with a table
napkin also with his toothbrush, bath, and
;
the sheets upon his bed.
Some years after his course of education
had ended he was called upon to return to
Hampton as the teacher of seventy-five
Indian youths who had been admitted
He the responsibility, but he
there. felt
determined to succeed, and he thinks he
may nllirm that ho gained not only their
" complete confidence," but also their
" love and respect." They were continually
planning to add to his comfort. They
disliked beyond measure having their
 :
118
long hair cropped, and being deprived of
their blankets and tobacco but, as Mr.
; market."
Washington sagely adds, no white
American ever thinks that the member of
any other race " is wholly civilized until he
wears the white man's clothes, eats the
white man's food, speaks the white man's
language, and professes the white man's
religion."
In June, 1881, our author began at
Tuskegee, in Alabama, the work which
has made his name famous through-
out America. On the recommendation of
General Armstrong he was appointed prin-
cipal of a school for training negroes
which some citizens of Alabama desired to
establish. The State Legislature had voted
an annual grant of 2,000 dollars for
paying the teachers, but no provision
was made for a schoolhouse. Mr. Wash-
ington found temporary accommodation
in a shanty, his spare time being spent
in journeying through the State to collect
funds. There was no lack of students,
whose chief ambition was to gain as
much education as would give them a living
without manual labour. He illustrates
this longing with the following anec-
dote. One hot day in July a negro who
worked in a cottonfield suddenly stopped,
and, looking upward, said: "0 Lawd, de
cotton am so grassy, de work am so hard,
and de sun am so hot dat I b'lieve dis
darky am called to preach."
The students increased in numbers, and
the school grew in size. But the toil and
responsibility pressed heavily on Mr.
Booker Washington, who says that he
spent sleepless nights during the first years
in planning how to meet increasing ex-
penditure. He felt that he was trying an
experiment which, if it failed, would be
detrimental to his race that of testing
whether "negroes could build up and con-
trol the affairs of a large educational insti-
tution." When he succeeded in acquiring
land he resolved that the students should
cultivate it for the benefit of the school,
and when new houses were required
that they should build them. As many
as thirty-six buildings have been put up
during nineteen years, and hundreds of
negroes, now scattered throughout the
South, received a knowledge of mechanics
while being taught to erect them. Some-
times, he says, a new student may begin to
disfigure one of them with his pencil
or
knife, when an old one will exclaim
" Don't do that. That is our building.
I whom the Gospels are supposed to be named
helped put it up," He states that
'skill and knowledge are now handed
down
from one set of students to another, until at
the
present time a building of any description
or
size can be constructed wholly by our
instructors
and students, from the drawing of the plans to
the putting in of the electric fixtures,
without
going oflF the grounds for a single workman."
One of his trials was brickmaking. He
had brick- earth, but neither money nor
experience.
Burning the moulded bricks
was the hardest task, the one that required
the most skill and knowledge.
Three
attempts failed. To make a fourth, he
pawned his watch, and this time success
was achieved. Now brickmaking has be-
come so great an industry at the school
that last year the students " manufactured
twelve hundred thousand first-class bricks,
THE ATIIEN^UM
of a quality suitable to be sold in any
Tlie students are taught habits of cleanli-
ness and neatness, as well as how to use
their hands and acquire knowledge. Mr.
Booker Washington says that "absolute
cleanliness of body has been insisted upon
from the first. The students have been
taught to bathe as regularly as to take their
meals." They are made to bring tooth-
brushes and to use them. For a long time
it was a difficult task to teach the students
" that all the buttons ought to remain on
their clothes, and that there must be no
torn places and no grease-spots." This
lesson has been so thoroughly inculcated
that " when the students march out of
chapel in the evening and their dress is in-
spected, as it is every night, not one button
is to be found missing." The author of
this book was recently entertained at dinner
by President Roosevelt. In some American
newspapers uncomplimentary things were
written about a negro being a guest at the
White House. Those who thus wrote can-
not have known what manner of man Mr.
Booker Washington is. Intelligent readers
of his autobiography will learn many in-
teresting things, and close it with a high
respect for him.
THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE.
A Critical and Historical Enqidry into the
Origin of the Third Gospel. By P. "C. Sense.
(Williams & Norgate.) Every one knows that
the stream of Christian literature flows but
scantily from the close of the Apostolic age to
the middle of the second century, and that it is
only after the latter period that clear and unam-
biguous testimonies abound as to the Canoni-
cal Scriptures of the Church. Hence the per-
plexities of the Biblical criticism of the New
Testament, hence the recurrence from time to
time of the assertion that the sacred litera-
ture, or some considerable part of it, came into
existence a century or more after the period
to which the Church assigns it. Mr. Sense,
who appears to be a lawyer, and who claims to
be perfectly unbiassed doctrinally, is the author
of such a theory. With regard to the Pauline
Epistles he does not follow the Dutch school,
who place them about 150 a.d., but is, on the
whole, afollower of Baur. The Gospels, however,
he places in the second century. The Synoptic
Gospels were based, he considers, on the Gospel
of Marcion, of which Tertullian and Irena^us tell
us, on the Gospel according to the Hebrews,
the Protevangelium of James, and other narra-
tives of the second century, which were written
by the inferior Apostles of that age and were
very plentiful. The Apostles and others after
were not those of the first century, but men of
the second not otherwise known. Of these
there was a Peter who had a son called Mark,
and a wife well known to the Church; there was
a Lucianus or Luke, a Matthias or Matthew.
The Gospels written by these persons and
bearing their names existed first in an earlier
form than the present one the editor who
;
made them the books we know was Pantfenus,
first head of the Catechetical School
at Alex-
andria. Once put in this shape, they were
imposed on the Church by the authority of its
leading men, such as Clement, Irenasus, Origen,
and Tertullian. This is the theory to prove
which Mr. Sense has written his book of six
hundred pages. The reader will find it often
very entertaining, but will be constantly sur-
prised at the abuse Mr. Sense showers on theo-
logians and ecclesiastics, both those of the second
and those of the nineteenth century. They are
all, he considers, with the exception
of Clement
N" 3900, July 2G, 1902
of Alexandria and Lightfoot of Durham, charge-
able with literary immorality, and even with
venality they write what will uphold the
;
system which gives them their position and
salaries. The part of the book which may
possibly be useful is that in which the writer
attempts to construct from the writings of
Irenjeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius an earlier
form of the third Gospel than that which
appears in the manuscripts. He thinks that
the Gospel of St. Luke existed in the second
century in an order substantially different from
that which we know and with many differences
of reading. In this many textual critics would,
to some extent, agree with him. But no one
will agree with him when, to account for the
received text of Luke in the MSS. and versions,
he sets to work to prove these authorities to be
centuries later in their origin than criticism
declares. He is not well enough acquainted
with this part of his subject to write on it. We
also notice that he does not appear to be
acquainted either with so well-known a book as
Mr. Charles's edition of Enoch or the recent
discussions on the Gospels in the new Bible
dictionaries. It is the works of Westcott, Hort,
and Sanday which are quoted and treated with
such disfavour in his pages.
The Life of St. Luke, by Edward Clapton,
M.D. (Churchill), might be styled suggestions
for a 'Life.' We are told that there is little doubt
that St. Luke was born at Antioch about 15 B.C.
There is a great deal of doubt. Eusebius, to
whom reference is made as an authority, does
not testify that Luke was born at Antioch, but
uses the peculiar phrase " being according to
:
birth of those from Antioch." The phrase
probably indicates that Eusebius knew that he
was not born at Antioch. In no early writing
is there any statement regarding the year of the
birth. Dr. Clapton refers to the statement of
Nicephorus that Luke was martyred at the age
of eighty, and to that of .lerome that the age
was eighty-four. He himself says that " he met
his death about the year 07, at the age of
eighty-two." This statement is a conclusion
from many conjectures, some of which may be
noted. Luke had some Herodian name which
was changed to Luke, "perhaps by our Lord
himself." " He had some Israelite blood in
his veins, and, if so, it would be of the tribe
of Ephraim." Luke as "the goodman of the
house " was an eye-witness and the faithful
recorder of the events of the Last Supper.
Cleopas was one of the two men who journeyed
to Emmaus, " and the other has been identified
with St. Luke himself." Luke joined Christ
and His disciples at the time of the incident
recorded in Luke ix. 18. The feeding of the
five thousand took place on Tuesday, April 12th ;
on Wednesday, June 22nd, Luke rejoined our
Lord at Csesarea Philippi. Luke was Antipas,
the martyr of Revelation and there is some
;
corroboration of this statement since by tradi-
tion Antipas was put to death by being shut
up in a heated brazen bull, and the bull or
ox was the distinctive symbol of St. Luke, of
the tribe of Ephraim. St. Luke's " tomb has
recently been discovered at Ephesus by Mr.
Wood." Could there not have been some
conjectures about the bull as htcas bos and Mr.
Wood's name and Incus ? Dr. Clapton ha s
worked without authorities, or, at least, has
not given his readers an opportunity of testing
his authorities, since he very rarely names
them. As might have been expected, he deals
with the medical characteristics of the third
Gospel. He believes in the existence of the
evil spirits in connexion with the diseases
named in the Gospel narrative and he tells us
;
that theologians "cannot deny the existence of
evilagents." Anintimate acquaintance with theo-
logical literature might prevent him from putting
any limit to the theologian's powers of denial.
A Johannine Document in the First Cliapter of
St. Lukes Gospvl. By J. R. Wilkinson. (Luzac
& Co.) The document of which Mr. Wilkinson

N<'3900, JuLY*?6, 1902
detects the presence in Luke i. is found in
verses 5-25 and 57 tjl>, and contains the account
of the birth of John the Baptist. He calls it
Johannine, not with reference to John the
Apostle or the Divine, but with reference to John
the Baptist, and holds that it belonged to those
followers of John who after Jesus had appeared
still clung to the doctrine of their master. Of
these persons curious things are recorded in
Acts xviii. and xix., and Baldensperger considers
a good deal of the early chapters of the fourth
Gospel to have been directed against them.
What proves the document in question to be by
a ditierent author from the rest of Luke i. is, in
our author's view, that its idea of the Messianic
kingdom is a different one, not the Davidic but
that of Malachi, and that its connexion with the
other parts of the chapter is not substantial,
but loose and artificial :
"An earlv tradition concerning the bh'th of the
Baptist, curreut among his followers, was combined
by a Jewisli Christian compiler with a Uhristiau
tradition concerning the birth of Jesus of Nazareth,
in such a fashion as to make it evident that from
the very first St. John's inferiority to our Lord was
made manifest."
And Elizabeth and Zachariah are both made to
attest the Messiahship of Jesus. This compila-
tion took place, in our writer's view, very early
indeed, about the time when Aquila and
Priscilla were brought into contact with ApoUos.
Mr. Wilkinson had the misfortune to find after
he finished his work that his main conclusions
had been published some years ago in the Theo-
lor/iscli Tijdsdirift, in a paper by Dr. Volters.
This obliged him to give his paper the form of
an independent publication. His work, while
thoroughly well informed and critical, has a more
sober spirit than that of his anticipator, and
many of his points will stand examination.
The Gospel according to St. John an Lupiiry
:
into its and Historical Value By Dr.
Genesis
Hans Heinrich Wendt. Translated by Edward
Lummis. (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark.) Dr.
Wendt's hypothesis that the fourth Gospel
embodies a primitive work consisting of
discourses of the Lord as reproduced by
the Apostle John was stated in his great
book on the Teaching of Jesus (188G), and
' '
has thus been some time before the public
both in Germany and in this country, where
that work was translated soon after its
production. The present volume contains the
detailed proof of the hypothesis, and we are
glad to say that the translation is a good one.
A new solution of the perennially interest-
ing problem of the fourth Gospel thus lies
before the English reader. The evidence of the
new theory is drawn from the observation
which may be made in every part of the fourth
Ciospel that the account of the teaching of the
Lord which it presents is not homogeneous, but
contains various views of the subject, which
often lie close together. Their co-existence
in the same work, and even in the same
passage, makes the understanding of the book
difticult. Examples of this are to be seen in
the ways in which the miracles of Jesus are
regarded, sometimes as the indispensable
evidence of the Saviour's mission, and some-
times as unimportant compared with the self-
evidencing spiritual message which He brought.
Sometimes the second coming of the Lord is
insisted on, sometimes
it is spiritualized, as
there were no need for Him to come again,
being as He is already with His people. A great
part of the book is taken up with tracing this
dualism of view in detailthroughout the Gospel
and the result which is reached is that as the
first and third Gospels contain as one of their
constituents the login of Matthew, so the fourth
Gospel contains the lofjia of St. .John, a work
which it is not beyond the power of criticism to
disentangle from its setting. A table is given
at the end of the book f)f the pa-ssages where
the earlier work of St. John is to Vje recognized.
If he is asked to describe this early writing
THE ATHEN^UM
Dr. Wendt responds to the demand. St. John's
work contained a history of Jesus which difl'ered
from that of the synoptists, but is not excluded
by their narratives. It dealt with the visits
Jesus paid to Jerusalem in the course of His
ministry, which, though the earlier (Jospels do
not record them, need not be regarded as unhis-
torical. The statements as to the early inter-
course of Jesua with those He afterwards called
as His disciples, as to the family at Bethany, as
to the day of the Crucifixion, Ac, may be
correct. As to the teaching, St. John's account
of it, while different in texture from that of the
synoptists, and not to be considered as repro-
ducing the words of Jesus verbally, is in essen-
tials accurate. It is spiritual in character, does
not insist on miracles, but on the " works " of
Jesus, a phrase denoting His message and His
whole activity. This work of St. John is pre-
served for us in the fourth Gospel, which prin-
cipally on that account is to be regarded with
much gratitude but many disparate elements
; I'JOl.
are added to it by the later writer, who had
other views to bring forward. This theory,
designed to save for the fourth Gospel at least
a partial authorship of the Apostle John, has
been, as the author tells us in his preface,
rejected by its critics in Germany. It will
;
probably fare better in this country, for a
time. The difficulties it has to meet will, how-
ever, prove too strong for it. The historical
accuracy of the fourth Gospel can only be main-
tained at the expense of the synoptists and
many find it hard to believe that the discourses
in John are derived in any degree from one who
had heard the Saviour and who repeated them
from memory.
The fourth edition of The Epistles of St. John ;
the Greek Text xoith Notes and Essays, by the late
Bishop Westcott, is a reprint (Macmillan) of
the last issue, with some little additions from
the late Bishop's notes on his own copy. All
that careful and accurate scholarship can do for
the sacred text in the hands of one very con-
scious of the doctrinal system of his Church
is here fully and finely set forth.
iJtudes snr les JEvaiigiles. Par le Pere V. Rose,
O.P., Professeur a I'Universit^ de Fribourg.
(Paris, Welter.)
Father Rose is Professor of
Exegesis at the little Swiss university of Fri-
bourg, and has been led by the inquiry of a
friend, as well as by what he knows of the mental
experiences of his students, to consider the
question whether a Roman Catholic theologian
is free to study the life and doctrine of our Lord
in the style prevailing in the Protestant schools
of Germany and Switzerland i.e., restricting
oneself to the Synoptic Gospels. He has devoted
two years, he tells us, to the examination of
the problem, and he publishes the results of his
inquiries in a volume of essays, the subjects of
The 2. The
fourfold Gospel
which are : 1.
The kingdom of
miraculous conception ; 3.
God ;4. The Father in heaven 5. The ;
Son of Man 6. The Son of God
; 7. Re-
demption 8.
; The empty tomb. The
principal problems f)f the life of Christ and
the documentary evidence bearing on them are
thus taken up. While the writer exercises con-
siderable freedom, as any one must do who
seeks to guide on such questions the minds of
men living in this age, his conclusions are con-
if servative. He tells us he has been attacked
in Roman Catholic ([uarters for conceding too
much to the methods of Protestant theology,
and we notice that he has been included in the
; assault lately delivered on Pore Loisy, of Paris
but we cannot see that the teaching of this book
leads to any heresy. On the miraculous con-
ception it is held that the fact was known to
the Apostle Paul, though he is silent with regard
The
to it, since it was treated as a mystery.
kingdom Jesus spoke of was not national or
political, but spiritual and universal He opened
;
it to all men, but deferred indefinitely the
In speaking of the doc-
period of its arrival.
119
trine of Jesus, Father Rose manifests some
exaltation of style, and proves himself to have
a living hold of that truth in which all Christians
are one, and round which the unification of
Christianity, if it is ever to take place, must be
effected. The " My
Son " of the heavenly voice
at the baptism he considers as spoken in the
sense of the Psalms and the Prophets, not in
that of the fourth (Jospel. On the other hand,
he urges that Jesus was conscious of a uni(iue
Sonship of God in a metaphysical sense we are;
not t3 say that He was the Son because of His
knowing the Father, but that He knew the
Father because He was the Son. While we
cannot agree with many of the conclusions of
the writer, we can most heartily recommend
his book to that class of readers for whom it is
intended as that of a very comi^etent, well-
informed, and fair-minded writer.
TJie Credibility of the Book of the Acts of the
Apostles: bcinq the Hidsean Lect'nres for 1900-
By JFrederic Henry Chase, D.D.
(Macmillan.) This book deserves a welcome.
Prof. Chase enters little into the antiquarian
and historical features of the narrative in Acts ;
what he tries to do is to trace the clue, which he
believes is to be found in this book alone, from
the simple beliefs of the primitive Church to the
theology of St. Paul. On the linguistic side
of the problem he is well equipped, as every
one who has any acquaintance with textual
studies knows his discussion of the question
;
; in what language St. Peter spoke at Pentecost
and on other occasions is a very suggestive one.
In many passages in Acts he gives new render-
ings, and points out fresh meanings in the
words. His defence of the Lucan authorship,
however, and his indications how St. Luke came
to write Acts and what advantages he possessed
for doing so, are not convincing. It was St.
Paul, we are told, who suggested to his com-
panion the writing of the book. St. Luke knew,
of course, all about St. Paul, with whom he had
travelled and sojourned so much. True, he was
a Gentile and did not understand the inward-
ness of Paul's contendings with the Jewish
Christians true, also, he did not write Acts till
;
long after the events it records. But he had,
on the other hand, heard some of Paul's
speeches, and even taken shorthand notes of
them, and he had heard Paul tell the story
of his conversion in the different ways in which
it is told in Acts. On the earlier parts of the
history St. Luke had information from St. Philip,
St. James, St. Mark, and others, whom he had
consulted, according to his statement in the pro-
logue to the Gospel, which is taken as applying
St. Peter's speeches, though not
to Acts also.
spoken originally in Greek, but in a mixture of
Greek and Aramaic, and perhaps in a con-
versational and exclamatory rather than a con-
nected fashion, were preserved in the Church at
Jerusalem by the Hellenistic converts in a Greek
;
version and he himself had looked over the copy
;
of his speeches in Greek which St. Luke used.
St. Luke edited the speeches he reports, as he also
;
did the discourses in the Gospel, and gave them
form and expression, yet they are not imagined,
All these statements are
but truly historical.
to bo found in Dr. Chase's lectures, and enter
One sees that the
into his working hypothesis.
difficulties in the way of taking Acts as a strictly
historical account are felt by him and that he
goes .some way to meet them. The miracles
He does not believe in
he scarcely defends.
literal tongues of fire at Pentecost it was the
;
sun's rays which, streaming through the colon-
nades and arches of the Temple, rested on the
;
Apostles, and the phenomenon received a
The casting of lots in
mystical interpretation.
chap. i. is said to be a sign of the spiritual im-
maturity of the Church before the Spirit came
The discussion of the speeches of
to her.
Acts is, however, the main part of the book ;
it is here that Dr. Chase sees the centre and
stress of the l)attlo al)out Acts to lie. Much
of what he claims to prove will be granted by
 120
the growing opinion of scholars. That the speeches
of St. I'eter and that of St. Paul at Antioch
contain a true record of very early Christian
to'iching may be regarded as made out. And
that much of the other .speeches of St. Paul corre-
sponds to teaching to be found in the Epistles
is also undeniable. But from these facts to the
conclusion that Luke's whole narrative is trust-
worthy is a long stop, and Dr. Cliase does not
The
really help us much to make this step.
evidence he relies on is chiefly in detail, and it
must be said that he does not tell us (juite enough
of the history of doctrine in the New Testa-
ment, especially of the genesis and bearing of the
Pauline gospel as gathered from the Epistles.
When an idea in the Pauline speeches in Acts
is found also in the Epistles, this is pointed out
when expressions occur in them which are not
in the Epistles we are told that they prove the
speech not to have been made up from the
Epistles. The evidence may please those
already of Dr. Chase's way of thinking, but it
will scarcely convert any who think other-
wise. The fact remains, in spite of all that
is said here, that in Acts St. Peter and St. Paul
preach the same doctrine, and that it is not
St. Paul's doctrine, for Acts xiii. 39 and Gal. ii. 16
are plainly opposite to each other. The fact
also remains that while St. Paul represents
himself as independent of and apart from the
Jerusalem Apostles, Acts makes him their
dependent and subordinate. St. Paul, in Romans
i. 14, recognizes no duty on his part to preach
to the Jews, a fact our author overlooks
even when quoting this verse (p. 171) but in ; write like Sterne with the limitations of the
Acts he always goes to them first. While we
recognize in these Hulsean Lectures much that is
good and useful in detail, and look forward with
pleasure to the commentary on Acts which the
author is preparing, we cannot think that he has
made out his case on the main question Pauline.
thought was a peculiar growth, called forth by
the exigencies of the Gentile mission, and ceasing
afterwards to be held in its sharpness. It is
natural that a writer about the end of the first
century should not insist on it. But that one who
had been St. Paul's intimate companion on his
journeys and had been with him at the time when
the great Epistles were coming into existence
el.iiuld show no more interest in the doctrine
of the Cross than Acts does, nor any deeper
understanding of the controversies that doctrine
aroused, is a thing which Dr. Chase cannot be
held to have shown to be likely.
All Introduction to the TJiessah^iian Epistles,
containing a Vindication of the Paxdine Atithor-
ship of both Epistles, and an Interpretation of
the Eschatological Section of :2 Thess. ii., by E. H.
Askwith, B.D. (Macmillan), supplies an account
of the founding of the Church at Thessalonica,
in which the apparent discrepancies between
Acts and the Epistles are fairly considered
with a discussion of the question of genuineness,
the objections of Schrader and Baur, which are
now of the nature of antiquities, being carefully
gone over. In matters of history and of exegesis
Mr. Askwith is a competent student in New
;
Testament thought and doctrine, however, his
step is less firm. On p. 124 we read that it is
unnecessary to suppose that St. Paul's gospel
diflered from that of the other Apostles, a state-
ment which is certainly at variance with many
of his own expressions. We also read that there
is no evidence that St. Paul expected the scene
of the consummation of the kingdom to be on
earth, on which see Rom. viii. 21. We read of
elders having been ordained by the Apostles
wherever they went this is according to the
; strikes us as afl'ected instead of individual. At
representations in Acts, but in the Pauline
Epistles no act of the kind is mentioned. The
absence of the distinctive Pauline doctrines in
these Epistles is not explained, which is an
omission. Mr. Askwith gives a new interpreta-
tion of the prophetic passage in chap. ii. of the
second Epistle, which be found very inter-
will
esting and plausible. His view that St. Paul is
here giving not a new prophecy, but an exposi-
THE ATHEN^UM
the Gospel Apocalypse Mark xiii., is
tion of
deserving of attention his identifications of the
;
"
man of lawlessness and of the agent who "lets
or restrains the first being the Emperor, who
claims divine honours, the second Claudius, who
opposed that claim can scarcely, we fear, both
stand at once. The second Epistle is recognized
as being formed on the first and wanting in
originality, but the position to which it is
relegated by the recogniti<jn that it copies the
first is scarcely realized. "A poor thing, but
St. Paul's own," must be the verdict, if Mr.
Askwith 's reasoning, which agrees with that of
most modern critics, is accepted.
; little book is harmonious and consistent
SHORT STOKIES.
A Dissertation upon Second Fiddles. By
Vincent O'Sullivan. (Grant Richards.) It is
easy to discern who has been Mr. O'Sullivan's
exemplar in the composition of this work. In
a loose sort of way it may be said to consist of
four short stories but the racy style, the liberty
;
of digression, the familiar nudging of the reader
in the ribs, the play that is made with the
mechanical part of writing, abrupt beginning
and termination of chapters and the like all
this bespeaks the presiding influence of the Rev.
Laurence Sterne. To point out this overt resem-
blance, however, is almost tantamount to imply-
ing a deep dissimilarity of efl'ect upon the
reader for it is one thing to write like Sterne
;
in the age of Sterne, and another thing to
present day. The result is a daring, even a
defiant, book a result which, in this decorous
age, the employment of certain forcible ex-
pressions permitted to our forefathers does not
tend to mitigate. Besides, there is evidently a
more militant tone in Mr. O'Sullivan's railing
against the foibles of humanity than is to be
found in the author of Tristram Shandy.' What
*
are foibles to the humourist assume the rank of
vices to the moralist, and it is the moral pur-
pose which is uppermost in these pages. Not
that the book is deficient in humour, either; but
inasmuch as the author regards life with a some-
what serious eye, his humour has seldom the
kindly twinkle of Sterne. Nor has it the bitter
irony of Swift. It rather resembles the harsh
mockery of a Juvenal, and, as with Juvenal, it
often gives place to mere denunciation and in-
vective. We proceed to notice two bad faults.
The first is that the author, who has a large
command of language, does not back it up with
an equal amount of new and striking reflection,
so that the eflect is often one of fierce volubility
and nothing else. The second fault is in the
manner, which is at times decidedly antiquated
and unreal. " For a legitimate prince, till he
has reigned a number of years, it must depend
on his predecessor whether his subjects are
favourable, or hostile, or indifferent since it is
;
a truth much neglected that princes inherit a
kingdom the temper of which has been created
by the preceding monarch." This solemn sort
of commonplace (if it is meant to be taken
seriously) belongs to the seventeenth rather
than to the twentieth century. Indeed, it is not
until the third section of his work, entitled ' Of
Friends,' that the author seems to write con-
sistently as his own nature directs until then
;
he is always more or less imaginatively putting
on some other character than his own, and
writing accordingly. The result is a departure
from the normal mode of expression, which
the same time we recognize considerable merit
in the stories, which these out-of-date digressions
constantly interrupt. The characters are all
firmly drawn, though somewhat overcharged.
Mr. O'Sullivan will take it in good part if we
advise him to moderate his rather forced
abnormality, which, after all, is but a poor kind
of literary antics, and to be himself instead of
the shadow of somebody else. His undeniable
N3900, July 26, 1902
vigour and humour will amply protect him from
the charge of'dulness and insipidity.
The Dame of the Fine Green Kirtle. By Torquil
MacLeod. (Long.) The story that gives its
title to volume is the first,
this little green
though by no means the best, of seventeen,
all of which are concerned with life in the
Scottish Highlands. There is here none of the
rather wearisome dialect which pertains to what
is called the " kailyard The spell-
" in fiction.
ing is comfortably familiar and sound, and
the peculiarities of diction which occur are
suggestively quaint, and have a pleasing
effect. Occasionally the author forgets the
key in which his composition is set, as
on pp. 91 and 92 but upon the whole his
;
and ;
in several stories, such as ' The Mermaid's
Death Grip,' ' How Hector of Mamore became a
Silent Man,' 'The Phantom Piper,' and some
others, we have genuine glimpses of really
interesting Highland folklore.
and other Stories of Early
Petronilla,
Christian Times, by S. N.Sedgwick (Xewnes),
are "founded upon ancient legends of the
Christian Church, contained in the writings
of the Fathers, or in apocryphal acts and
gospels," and they are meant to furnish
examples of " the strenuous earnestness and
zeal of the early Church." The author's idea
of new-modelling these legendary fragments
into tales suited to modern taste has much to
recommend it, and his purpose is undoubtedly
praise^vorthy. Unfortunately, something more
than good intentions, or even good material,
is required to produce anything like good
literature, and with the best will in the world
to read these stories sympathetically, we are
irritated and repelled by their artistic defects.
Fiction of this type has recently enjoyed con-
siderable favour, and there are many who
think that its influence is good if that be so,
;
'Petronilla may deserve well of its readers,
'
but as a work of art its claims to admiration
are certainly slender.
Norse Stories. By Hamilton Wright Mabie.
Edited by Katharine Lee Bates. (Chicago,
Rand, McNally & Co.)
The Scandinavian
mythology, though it lacks the artistic grace
and refinement of the Greek, has qualities
which must always make it appeal most forcibly
It is splendidly direct,
to the natural man.
strong in interest and imagination, and uni-
formly brave and wholesome. The right -
therefore, can hardly fail to
minded child,
it, and it is principally to him that
appreciate
this littlevolume of Norse stories, taken from
the Elder and the Younger Edda, is addressed.
Mr. Mabie writes with vigour and sympathy,
and his versions of these old tales are suc-
cessful, and commendably free from the im-
pertinent additions and interpolations which so
often disfigure work of this kind. The book, as
we have said, is written mainly for young
readers, but the editorial portion of it is meant
it includes certain
for those of maturer years ;
more or less elementary notes and explanations,
a somewhat entertaining address to teachers on
the right way of reading these stories in the
class-room, and a pronouncing and defining
index of the proper names. We may warn
that several of the etymo-
readers of the last
they will find in it are erroneous and
logies
require revision. We cannot think that Mr.
Wright's illustrations add to the value of the
book.
A King and Campaigners, by Verner von
his
Heidenstam, which forms part of "The Green-
back Library " (Duckworth & Co.), has been
translated from the Swedish by Axel Tegnier,
and despite a few grammatical slips in the
English, well translated. But, judging by
this single specimen a rash
method- one would
not be "inclined to prophesy any considerable
measure of popularity in England for this "great
Little Master's" work. The stories in this
volume

N 3900, July 26, 1902
all deal with tlie personality of Charles XII.
and the condition of Sweden during the early
part of the eighteenth century. Style and
treatment are entirely impressionistic, and
naturally sutler from the defects of the im-
pressionistic school in fiction, chief among
which rank obscurity of outline and purport.
Perhaps the best story is The Keeper of the
'
Castle Stores,' which describes very briefly the
siege of the fortress of Riga.
Gunnel, a grand-
cnother of eighty years, was the keeper of the
Tlie besieged force was starving.
stores. The
order came that all women, young and old, sick
and hale, were to be thrust out of the gates in
order that only the fighting men might profit
by the scant remaining stores. Afterwards, a
sally was made against the enemy. The venture
over
"Loose bands of the tired and wounded were filing
through the gateway. Rearmost, came a very meagre
-and exhausted aucieut. A ruddy sabre-cut gaped in
his chest, yet with strenuous exertiou he was trailing
home a dead boy lying in his arms Troopers bent
over hiui to examine his wound, and the bloody
shirt over his bosom was slit open.
What cried '
!
'
"
they, starting back. '
It is a woman !
' announced his intention of tallaging the
It was
Gunnel, the keeper of the castle
stores,dragging her dead grandson. She had
put on a man's clothes and worked night and
day with the men that she might avoid the
order relating to women, and remain to care for
her grandson.
The officers and men looked irresolutely at the
Governor-General, whose decree she bad broken.
The stick shook in his hand, and fell on the (lagging
his lips moved apart. Dip the colours,' said he.'
'
And so the siege was ended.
Mr. Samuel Minturn Peck in his Alabama
Metches (Chicago, McClurg) does not seem to
have the peculiar gift of being able to give
general interest to details of life that may be
interesting to those who are acquainted with it.
;Negro humour, local politics, religious denomi-
national squabbles, and such like matters are
no doubt easy to write abjut, but it is difficult
to make them interesting. Even in America it
seems they have begun to pall, and they have
hardly ever proved attractive to English readers.
STATE PAPERS AND CALEND.VKS.
Calendar of Letter-Books of the Citij of
London: Letter-Book D. (Privatelyprinted.)
Dr. Sharpe, the Eeeords Clerk of the City,
who is editing these volumes for the Corpora-
tion, explains in his opening remarks that
Letter-Book D is mainly concerned with
the years i:J09-14, although it contains
some entries of later date. In his detailed
introduction he draws attention to the
chief subjects of interest in its pages, the
foremost place being occupied by the record
of admissions to the freedom by "redemp-
tion," and of the binding and discharge of
apprentices. The ways in which the freedom
was obtained and the substantial privileges
it conferred are discussed by Dr. Sharpe
at
some length, and deserve careful study. The
discovery in the freedom of a possible "link
with ancient Rome" is, we think, to be
deprecated, in view of the now exploded
derivation of "many of the characteristics
of London municipal organization" from
Roman sources and St. Paul's allusion to his
;
free birth, "with a sly suggestion, perhaps,
that he at least was no punenu," is somewhat
out of place. In other re-spects Dr. Sharpo's
remarks on the freedom are instructive. The
privilege, we learn, under Edward JI. was
bought by a payment of from five to one
hundred shillings, unless obtained by influ-
ence. A point to which attention might have
been drawn is that the apprentices who are
named in this volume seem to have come from
the counties nearest to London, especially
north of the Thames, and most of all from
Essex. The i<laccs from which they came
are here occasionally identified, but "Golden-
THE ATHEN^UM
morton " is surely Guilden Morilen,
Cambridgeshire, not (iilmorton, Leicester-
shire. For the constitutional history of
the City the restriction of the franchise
under Edward II. is of some import-
ance. Wo have here an ordinance of the
mayor, aldermen, and commonalty, in VMW, for
summoning only "the better men" to the
election of sheriffs, and a royal writ of 1315 for
the exclusion of "the couunon people and
plebeians" from the Guildhall elections an
exclusion which the City enforced by pro-
clamation under threat of imprisonment.
Another question which arose about this time
was that of the necessity for the sheriffs-elect
to make oath before the barons of the Ex-
chequer. The City stoutly denied that they
could be called upon to do so, bu t the Crown would
not give way and the struggle was persistent.
But even more persistent was the standing
financial struggle. In 1311 the City made a
gift to thekingof 1,000 marks for the war in Scot-
laud, which was sent to him packed in canvas-
covered baskets. In the following year he
citizens. They firmly denied his right to do
so, but only gained a respite till the next
Parliament by a substantial loan, a process
which they had to repeat a year later. In
addition to their contributions of money the
Londoners supplied Edward, at the close of
1314, with a force of cross-bowmen for the
defence of Berwick - on - Tweed. In this
volume are given full details of the levy, from
which it appears that there were six companies
of twenty men and a "vintainer" each,
armed with "aketons," " bacinets," and
" colerettes " of iron. The men received four-
pence a day and the vintainers sixpence, and
three carts were provided to carry their arms.
Though the City itself was free from strife, it
was constantly kept in an anxious state by the
struggle between the barons on the one hand,
and the king and his favourite on the other.
At the king's request the mayor is found
making stringent ordinances for keeping the
City on the king's behalf early in 1312 the ;
gates were chained, the walls strengthened,
the ditch deepened, and the wharves guarded.
But the barons actually met in London the
following month, and though Edward visited the
City in July the citizens seem to have averted
the roj'al displeasure. This volume, like its
predecessors, is elaborately indexed, and the
series, when complete, will be a welcome con-
tribution to the history of London, and,
indeed, of English municipal institutions.
The Calendar of the Patent Rolls,
Edward III., 1343-5 (Eyre & Spottiswoode),
makes the fifth volume of the Edward III.
Calendar. We owe all five to the industry
and energy of Mr. R. F. Isaacson, whose first
volume appeared in 1893 and fourth in 1900.
Thus we may look forward to another of these
huge and useful tomes every two years until
the reign is completed. There is no need to
characterize this fresh instalment at length.
The index steadily improves in quality as the
experience and knowledge of the compiler
grow. If it were anj' use to make suggestions
we should like to ask for a special dated list
of the ispc.vimi(s charters and exemplifications
of older documents that are scattered about
the volume. An interesting example of the
strange way in which these crop up is to be
seen in the very im|)ortant list of those who
did fealty to Edward of Carnarvon as Prince
of Wales in 1301, inserted in the roll of 1311
by way of exemplification of a certificate by
the treasurer and barons of the Exchequer, no
doubt as a guide as to what was to befall the
Black Prince, who was now in the same posi-
tion in which his grandfather had ])een more
than forty years earlier. It is hard tluit the
historian of the earlier i-eign should have no
other means than the general index of dis-
covering a document so useful for iiis purpose
in so unsuspected a place. The dillicnlty is
121
even greater with charters, such as that of
Henry IH. to Kingston, Surrey, printed in
e.xlcnso on pp. 3, 4.
Ycar-Books of the lieign of Edicard I If.:
Year X\' 11. Edited and translated by Luke
Owen Pike. (Eyre & Spottiswoode.) It
is rare though none Uie less welcome
a
privilege now.ulays to chronicle (lie publica-
tion of a new volume of the " Kolls Series."
It is the price wo pay for the magnificent series
of Calendars that the space taken on our book-
shelves by the familiar dark brown octavos of the
"Chronicles and INIcmorials" now very seldom
needs readjustment. The only work in hand
still is that which was arranged long ago,
and most of this is the continuation of the
longer series. Longest and in some ways the
most important of these is the collection of
'Year-Books of Edward III.,' on which Mr.
Pike has been ior many years engaged. It is
needless to characterize a work whose quality
has already been so often dwelt upon by us.
We note that in his preface Mr. Pike expresses
his regret at the suspension for the present of
his favourite scheme for a calendar of cases
recorded in the ' Placita de Banco to be '
carried on j^ari passu with the 'Year-Books,'
apparently because there is no special grant
from the Treasury for it. This is not an
opportune moment to untie the purse-strings
of a department never particularly sympathetic
with historical research. May we not, how-
ever, make the suggestion that the public
money now spent unprofitably on the un-
necessary translation page by page of these
Year - Books should be saved by simply
'
'
discontinuing the bad old tradition of pro-
viding a gratis "crib" for poor scholars in
old French, the saving thus made being
appropriated to carrying out Mr. Pike's
wishes ?
Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, 1577-8,
By A. J.Butler. (Eyre& Spottiswoode.) This
volume of the Calendar ought to be of con-
siderable service to those who desire to know
intimately the diplomatic methods of Queen
Elizabeth. It is needless to praise the care
and accuracy of Mr. Butler or the interesting
lireface which gives the main gist of the
documents. They are chiefly concerned with
the Low Countries and Elizabeth's relations
with the Prince of Orange and Don John of
Austria. As may be supposed, they exhibit
the queen in the light of a subtle oppor-
tunist, anxious to be on good terms with
Philip while at the same time keeping
open the festering sore which eventually
rotted the Spanish power. For in spite
of all her protestations it is clear that a
good deal was said with a view to assuring the
States-General of the untrustworthiness of
Don John and his brother, and the hopeless-
ness of coming to any permanent arrangement
with the king. At the beginning of the
period there was some apparent danger that,
trusting to the Pacification of Glieut and to
the aristocratic jealousy of the prince, the
Catholics of Flanders would desert the cause of
liberty, and that the breach which was after-
wards effected between the two main divisions
of the Netherlands would come about, to the
ruin of the jirince and of "the religion."
It is impossible here to follow in detail the
tortuous course of the diplomacy the sum-
:
moning of the Archduke Matthias, the in-
trigues with Alen(;on-Anjou, the arrest of the
Duke of Aerschot, and the dispatch of Duke
Casimir with the help of Fnglish money to
the aid of the oppressed Dutcli. It is
clear, however, that the queen saw further
than her ministers, for there was no real
danger of any serious alliance between France
and Spain so long as Catiierine dci Medici
could hold her own against the Guises. In
this connexion it is amusing to note the claim
made on behalf of the quecn-motluT that she
always dealt " jilainiy and roundly with her

122
t'rieiids." Sucli a claim in tlie contiiver of
Collgny's "accident" (as it is termed) was
only less ludicrous than that of Elizabeth to
"stand much on her royal word." The value
of the latter is illustrated in this very book,
for the queen, after agreeing to send men and
money to the Dutcli, calmly withdrew the
offer of men (greatly to the disappointment
of Leicester, who was to have commanded),
and told them it was just the same thing to
send Casimir and provide paltry financial
aid. The Dutch were of course obliged to
accept tiiis for want of better help, but
they were naturally not well pleased, nor
were their stronger supporters in England.
But the queen probably did the best she
could from her own point of view. The
Dutch were doubtless a "troublesome and
chargeable people " and Escovedo had
; men to repel invasion, to be supplemented, in
pointed out previously that it was easier to
conquer England than "the Isles." When
Philip was convinced of this it took another
half dozen years to bring about the conviction
he set about preparing the Armada. If the
queen had given open help to the Dutch, he
might have attempted his invasion at once
and succeeded in his enterprise through our
unreadiness. The figure of the Prince of
Orange stands out in these documents, and it
is clear that he made a great impression upon
Davison. If ever there was a conflict which
was decided by the balance of intelligence it
was this between one of the most stupid of
monarchs and his disaffected subjects. A very
little more wisdom on Philiij's part and a very
little less genius on that of William the Silent
would have led to a different result. For all
the chances belonged to Philip, and it is
amazing to see how he threw them away by
the arrogance of language and fatuity of action
which never deserted him. For the rest,
there are one or two very interesting by-
matters, such as Davison's demanding arrears
of pay on the plea that, as in duty bound, he
had made twenty of the nobles drunk at his
expense at a dinner party and the descrip-
; who took a serious view of the matter, the
tion of the Electress of Saxony : knight at first shufQed and pleaded "oversight
"There was no man whom he knew better than
the Duke of Saxony au excellent prince of him-
; a great deale of white wyne and sacke"; but
selfnobly disposed, but his wife did as it were
enchant him she was so jealous of him that none
;
could serve him, unless i-'he liked hiui in smnma
;
that she would be present at the pulling off his
boots to spy who in that office served him."
The letters of Sturmius are among the most
valuable in the volume, of which a good deal
of the other contents have been previously
published. The account of Beale's mis-
sion to prevent a Lutheran assembly meeting
to condemn other Eeformed communions is
worth noting : subjectes to serve in the warres out of the
''Another yet more grievous and far-reaching
evil will arise, namely, that as we say in the
Creed
that the Church of Christ is universal, so it
will
universally touch all the Churches which
dissent
froDQ this new formula; that is, the
Churches of
England Ireland, France, Scotland, Poland, Switzer-
land, will be condemned unheard. This
is to dis-
solve the unity of the Church and to
put a
StumbliDg-block in its way."'
Actsof the Privy Council. Vol. XXV. (Eyre
& Spottiswoode.)
The period covered by
this volume is October, 1595 June,
1596, the
register of the Acts from August,
1593, to
October, 1595, being now missing. The
editor,
however, has printed in an appendix of a few
pages, from Additional MS. 11,402
British Museum, a brief abstract
in the
which appears to liave been compiled
thereof,
by an
officer of the Privy Council and
used by Bishop
Burnet. Military and naval affairs
continue
in the volume before us to assert
their growing
importance. Special attention was now
bein-
paid to the trained bands, whose
change o1
armament is seen in an entry which shows that
Buckinghamshire alone retained bowmen
among its trained forces, and had already
begun to substitute muskets and " callivers "
(or bows, and pikes for bills.
A general in-
THE ATHEN^UM
quiry ordered in 1594 as to whether all
" inhabitantes bee furnished with bowes and
arrowes as by the lawes is provided " referred,
we think, to what were known as the " able
men untrained," the new weapons being barely
sufficient for the trained men. A curious con-
stitutional i^oint was raised by the Warwick-
shire authorities, who questioned the power
of the Council to order an array of the local
forces without the express direction of the
Crown. They were informed that such power
had been duly delegated to the Council by the
queen. A professional soldier was sent down
to Cornwall to organize the trained bands of
that county, a Spanish descent upon Mount
Bay having caused great alarm and led to
"barricading the port townes." Devon was
called upon to have in readiness a force of 6,000
case of necessity, by 4,000 from Cornwall and
the same number from Somerset, 3,000 from
Dorset, and 2,000 from Wilts and provision
; sea fishery is afforded by the demand on Nor-
was made for rapid transport, for pioneers,
and for horsemen armed "with launces, staves,
or petronels." The importance, however, of
defence at sea was not forgotten, and in
December, 1595, orders were given "to put
the Navy Eoyal in a readiness, and to have
the same assisted with some reasonable num-
ber of good ships belonging to private persons.
'
' note that William " Uvedall " and William
An interesting list of ports from which these
ships were demanded shows that out of a total
of twenty-six vessels the Cinque Ports, in
spite of their reduced importance, were still
expected to find four. But, as the editor
points out, the principle of " ship-money " is
illustrated by the demands on inland towns for
contributions to the charges on the ports. The
great preparations for a counter-attack on
the Spanish ports led to one of those notable
constitutional incidents by which the period
was characterized. At Colchester Sir John
Smythe, an Essex knight, had addressed to
the pikemen mustered in array "verie sedi-
tious wordes." Summoned before the Council,
by reason of his drinkinge in the morninge of
at last, confronted with the words he used,
"he beganne to defend his speeches, pretendinge
that by the lawes of the realrae no subject ought to
be commaunded to goe out of the realme in her
Majesty's service, and therefore he seemed to con-
clude for his defence that he might lawfullie advise
the people not to goe in service out of the realme,"
and, indeed, even spoke of two " great law-
yers " as having given him their opinions that
English sovereigns " could not compell their
realme." The Council, quick to scent a
conspiracy, sent the knight to the Tower and
ordered his papers to be searched, and the two
great lawyers to be discovered and brought
before them. But the State Papers have fuller
information on the whole incident. Ireland
proved, as ever, a cause of anxiety to the
Council, the queen expressing through them
her vexation " to see that lande so chargeable
beyond all former tymes and the state thereof
so dangerous," though reinforcements were
grudgingly dispatched. The titles to great
estates also were still frequently in dispute.
Scotland is, in this volume, represented chiefly
by the English ambassador's demand for
redress "of an outragious fact doone by Sir
Walter Scott of Brenkesholme and his com-
plices at the Castle of Carlisle." It appears
that Sir Walter had forcibly released Willie
Armstrong of Kinmont out of the castle, the
knight calmly assuring his sovereign that he
had "onlie" invaded the queen's realm for the
purpose "with 80 horsemen and under sylence
of night, without anie othere deede of hos-
tilitie." The famous Grahames were suspected
of complicity in the outrage, and the queen
thought it needful to have them punished
"and the pride and insolencie of that QYQX
N 3900, July 26, 1902
growen famelie to be repressed." The increas-
ing evil of monopolies is visible in these pages,
three of the members of the Leathersellers*^
Company being rigorously imprisoned for
opposing a monopoly granted to a groom of
the Privy Chamber, while the makers of
" viniger, alliger, aqua, and aqua composita"
complain of one obtained by an esquire of the
stable, and the import of "erthen pottes and
bottles" is restricted to a patentee. An
interesting letter to the Justices of Middlesex
strictly enjoins care in the granting of licences
for alehouses, which were alleged to harbour
the " roages, vagabondes, and other lewde
persons" driven out of the City by the Pro-
A'ost Marshals, and it was ordered " that
there shoulde no stronge drincke be used or
brewed in the alehouses." Recusants were
still largely imprisoned, and an immigrant
" with crucifixes and other superstitious
reliques"was arrested. A glimpse of deep-
folk of " Iceland cod" for the provisioning of
Berwick, and the Council had to intervene in
the herring trade for the ascertainment of the
seven-mile limit from Yarmouth fair. Special
permission was given to the West -Country
ports, in 1595, to export Newfoundland cod to>
France, the year's catch being large. We may
" Udall " were the same man. It is interest-
ing to find him here in local authority, as he
was a staunch adherent of the old faith.
RECENT WORK ON PI.ATO.
Plato. ByD. G. Ritchie. (Edinburgh, T. & T.
Clark.) To attempt, in a volume of some 200
small pages, to give an account of Plato's life,
writings, and philosophy, and of the history of
Platonism after Plato, is a bold thing. No one
could hope to do adequate justice to so large
a theme within so narrow a compass. It is,,
therefore, inevitable that Prof. Ritchie's
'
Plato should suffer from the usual effects of
'
over-compression : in some parts it is too
slight and sketchy to be really instructive or
too bald in statement to be interesting, and
in other parts, where the treatment is some-
what more detailed, although the conclusions
are clearly set forth, the grounds upon which
they are based receive A-ery insufficient dis-
cussion. These are the faults of his condi-
tions, for which we cannot hold the author
responsible. On the contrary, we may say at
once that, in sijite of his conditions. Prof.
Ritchie has produced a good book^ a sur-
prisingly good book. He has shown himself
to be an expert Hellenist and an expert
philosopher; and, what is more, a judicious
student of Plato and his commentators. We
haA'e seldom seen a better short account
of the genesis of Plato's theory than
that here given, or a clearer and more
suggestive exposition of its significance and
development. It is agreeable to find that
Prof. Ritchie assents to the ordering of the
dialogues as laid down, with substantial
unanimity, by the best English Platonists of
to-day, and that he rejects accordingly the
hypothesis of a Megarian period prior to
the 'Republic,' of which Zeller was so strong
an advocate. In the chapter on 'Plato and
his Contemporaries ' we find some useful
remarks on the Sophists and Antisthenes but ;
we should have wished to see more attention
paid to Democritus. On the other hand,
Prof. Ritchie has rightly emphasized the
influence of the Pythagorean school, which it
seems to have been rather the fashion of late
to ignore unduly. Plato himself and Aristotle
should suffice to prove that the disciples of
Pythagoras were an intellectual power. Irs
the chapters on Plato's ethics and politics,
and on his psychology, there is much that is
good in the way of general characterization,
in spite of the irksome limitations of space ;
feut the kernel of the book is undoubtedly to
 ; ;
N3900, July 26, 1902
he looked for in the middle chapters, which
deal with 'Plato's Theory of Knowledge,' the
'
Parnienides,' and the Timjijus.'
'
The A'iow
here taken of the Parmenides is, to put it
'
' lines,and suggests ovTiKal as the original. In
shortly, that the first part sots forth Aristotle's
objections to his master's ideal theory, and
that in the second part those objections are
evaded, if not rebutted, by means of the
dialectical exposition of an amended theory.
The "later Platonism " thus indicated in the
' Parmenides ' is then furtlicr elaborated in
the succeeding dialogues, Sophist/ 'Philebus,'
' that in 533 E, Sj/Aoi ttw? Tyv e^iv aacjitjve^L
and Timneus,' which all teach substantially
'
"
the same doctrine. But the " later Platonism
which Prof. Ritchie discovers in these dia-
logues differs in certain important particulars
from that associated with the names of Dr.
Jackson and Mr. Archer Hind it is not a theory
; and a few other places
of " imitation "as opposed to " participation,"
and it is not a theory of " natural kinds "; to
explain precisely wherein it consists would
carry us too far, and we must refer the student
to the pages in which Prof, liitchle states his
case. In connexion with the criticisms in the
'
Parmenides,' the general question of Aris-
totle's attitude to Plato receives discussion,
and the view here taken has much to com-
mend it. The excellence of these central
chapters of his little book forces us to protest
once more that when a competent scholar is
dealing with a subject of deep interest and
importance it is nothing short of a positive
misfortune that he should become enslaved to
the tyranny of a machine-made " series," and
have his paper measured out to him by the
inch and his ink by the scruple. It is owing
to this tyranny that Prof. Ritchie's book cuts
but a poor figure as a book on Plato
yet, none the less, we have no hesitation in
saying that it contains the truest and most
lucid exposition, in a popular way, of the
central features of Plato's metaphysics which
has yet been published in this country.
Platonis Res Publica. Recognovit J. Burnet.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.) This is a handy
edition of the complete text of the Republic,'
'
furnished with a short preface and concise
critical foot-notes. In his preface the editor
maintains, with apparent reason, that the MS.
known as ^'ind. F should be regarded as
having the value of an independent source.
The revision of the text dis.jjlays care and
judgment and excellent use, on the whole,
;
has been made of the material available.
Many of the most plausible conjectures, new
as well as old, receive mention in the notes
when not adopted in the text, and among the
names which figui'e most prominentlj' are those
of Hartman, Richards, and Adam. Among the
conjectural emendations which are given a
place in the text are Richards's aTroc/jai'roi'res
(430 E), Bywater's SaKTvXioi' !')VTa (359 E),
Van Leeuwen's k\ov(TL (408 A), and Adam's
</>,/rrt (501 D), 8t' o 7/ (502 B), and 8c t(5 (580 D).
In.553B/i}Aa;rTo/>ii'oi'is rejected with Cobet. No
mention, however, is madeof several interesting
suggestions by well-known scholars, sucii as
Badham's k\a.vvo\>.k\'n (577 E), Tucker's d otl
xal (337 E), Madvig's dioiaTepov? for aTrAov-
<r-(povs (547 E)
where, however, the true read-
ing probably is u.jj.ov<TOTkpov<;. Wo also miss
a note to ras aTrAds (131 C) and kv avrois
(507 D) ; and the report of Adam's restora-
tion at 511 C, as given in the foot-note,
appears to be incomplete. Among the places
where Prof. Burnet seems to suffer from
an excess of caution we may notice 411 E
iind 585 C. In the latter passage the vulgate
r>/ ovv ail o/xoiov, c.T.A.,can hardly be tortured
into anything like sense, and it is unfair to
the author to credit him with nonsense. In
the former passage it is hard to believe tliat
Plato wrote u'xrmp dqpiov izjio'i Travra oiaTTfiaT-
Teraias it stands, and 7rpo9(7rav'rrxs)n-ai'Ta might
\je suggested in addition to the alternatives
mentioned in tlienote. We are also disappointed
at finding no fresh solution offered of (lie
textual puzzles in 387 C and 581 E. The
THE ATHEN^UM
reading adopted in 305 D is tI Kal I'lfuv /^leAi/Tfor,
which has some slight manuscrii)t support
but Tucker's ov8ki' kuI is probably on the right
35SET6'ur Tis scarcely possible, and Troau'Tert
may bo offered as a modification of Adam's
conjecture. At 551 D iVojs is retained Plato
may have written 'a&eCjs rather than iVyiipws,
which has been proposed ingeniously by
Richards. Of the new corrections originated
by the editor himself, the most striking is
kkyeiv ki' ("P^'etret
i/t'X// Nat). 'ApKfirei ovv,
; many) may continue their studies in a new and
K.T.A., which clever and not imlikoly to be
is
correct. Minor novelties are introduced into
the text in 437 B {dp' av ovv), 444 B (tio
5' ov SovXeveiv), 530 B {kv to irapoi'Ti n),
while several;
new excisions are adopted, of which the most
extensive is that of rj koI droKpti'tty^ai
(500 A). It is to be regretted that so com-
petent a piece of editing should be disfigured
by a number of minor typographical errors
such as occur in 341 B, 353 A, and elsewhere;
and the apparent discrepancy between the
text and foot-note at 408 A
should be rectified.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Messrs. Methuex &
Co. publish Lord
Strathcona, the Story of his Life, by Mr.
Beckles Willson, an able and well-known writer
who has already dealt with similar subjects.
The book is to be commended, and the life of
Lord Strathcona is one which it was natural to
write, but it will perhaps possess more interest
for Canadians than general attraction for the
ordinary reader. There is no more sympathetic
figure in the Empire than that of " Sir Donald
Smith," as the distinguished Canadian peer still
prefers to call himself ; and while the term
"modesty" is generally out of place when
applied to leading "Empire-Builders," as it is
by Mr. Beckles Willson to Lord Strathcona, in
this particular case it is not undeserved.
Mr. Sydney Galvayne, who has served
South Africa as an honorary lieutenant in the
Remount Department, is responsible for a little
volume, War Horses Freseat and Future, pub-
lished by Messrs. Everett & Co. We are able
highly to commend it as worthy of the considera-
tion of all those who are interested
remount question. The author will not be
more popular with the Remount Department
than is Mr. Burdett-Coutts with the Army
Medical Department, but there is, we are con-
vinced, equal ground for the strictures in each
case, and in the present instance it cannot be
pretended that there is any attack on persons.
The inclusion in the already popular series of
"Rulers of India" (Oxford, Clarendon Press)
of an account of As'oka, tlie Buddhist Emperor of
India, was an excellent thought. There are pos-
sibly but few Oriental scholars (in the strict sense
of the term) who have leisure or ability to write
in a thoroughly popular style on a subject like
this, and, failing the services of one of these,
it would be hard to find a man better qualified,
by a long and fruitful course of archieological
research in India, for the work before us than
Mr. Vincent Arthur Smith. The edicts of
As'oka, the Constantine of Buddhism, graven
on rocks and pillars through the length and
breadth of India, are surpassed in interest,
whether human or religious, by no similar
series of documents in the world, ancient or
modern. From them we learn what Indian
internal administration was like three centuries
before our era (here Mr. Smith's experience
as an administrator helps him to realize and
effectively to fill in the i)icture outlined by the
documents) we catch glimpses of the relations
;
of India towards Cireek and other frontier states
and, above all, we realize the vigorous mis-
sionary spirit, more gentle and reasonable than
'
that of islam, UK^re judicious and effec ivoly
:
123
Oriental than that of Christianity, which
brought Buddhism to the position which it still
to some extent occupies as one of the purest
and most generous of the religions of the East.
The disparaging remarks in the preface as to
the carefully considered international scheme
: of transliteration (why is it muddled up with
Max Miiller's superseded lucubrations are '.)
very unsatisfactory. The arrangement of the
book is good, particularly the clear separation
of legendary matter. Those who wish to read
more of As'oka (and we hope they will be
attractively issued German work by Dr. E.
Hardy, of Wiirzburg, called Konig As'oka,
'
Indiens Kultur in der Bliitezeit des Bud-
dhismus.'
Extracts from the Account Rolls of the
Abbey Durham. Edited for the Surtees
of
Society by the Rev. Canon Fowler. In his
preface to the first of these three volumes
of conventual records Canon Fowler has ex-
plained the circumstances wliich led to the
gradual expansion of the present edition. The
Account Rolls were at first examined for the
purpose of the annotation of the editor's
work on The Rites of Durham.' This exami-
'
nation soon suggested an appendix to that
work dealing with the evidence of these in-
teresting accounts. Finally it was resolved to
publish these or extracts thereof, in a separate
volume. This volume has now "grown into
three," a fact, we may at once remark, for
which antiquaries have every reason to be
thankful. At the same time, the circumstance
that, but for Canon Fowler's initiative and
the generosity of the Dean and Chapter of
Durham, these important local records might
have remained unavailable to students for an
indefinite period must not obscure the fact
that the present edition cannot be regarded
as definitive. The extracts printed here
differ widely in this respect from the select
texts published by the Selden and some other
societies. They are, indeed, for the most
part abstracts, skilfully prepared with the
in
object of setting out the material entries con-
tained in successive accounts, but insuflicient
for purely statistical purposes. Moreover,
the Latin text is not uniformly extended, and,
in places, would probably be found unintel-
ligible to readers unversed in the elements of
in the
palaiOgraphy. Even those who are more
expert might well bepuzzled by such an entry
as the following, which is typical of a formula
covering nearly fifty pages of the text. The
figures are references to editorial foot-notes
"D' Joh'eTeddi j (o)^ bz (p^- bras g' (bo)-j
no 061 po ii^ q" uln bo Iz si mag."
(no)- q'T (iio)-
It is true that many of the early rolls are
badly mutilated, and others may have ap-
peared to the editor as comparatively un-
important. It may also be conceded that the
question of extending a contracted document
is still decided by the individual
taste of
English editors. At least no reader of the
work before us will be likely to attribute the
method employed in the present instance to
the indifference or inexperience of tiie editor.
Canon Fowler has proved himself once more
equal to the elucidation of the most difficult
passages in the text, and his media'val glossary
is a model of sound and conscientious
scholar-
ship. On the other hand, tiie system of pre-
senting a contracted text, represented by such
typographical devices as are feasible, for
the information of tlie unlearned reader has
involved the preparation of an exhaustive
index and glossary, without which the text
would be of little value.
practical
itself
Here the material words wliich frequently
figure in the text in an abbreviated
and
unintclligililo form will be found
oFten
;
correctly extended and exi)ouiule(l with con-
The result, therefore, is
summate learning.
eminently satisfactory, but in the hands of a
less accomplished editor it might
have been

in
far otliorwiso,and the precedent can scarcely
be regarded as a prudent one. Even Canon
Fowler hiinseU' has occasionally failed to pre-
sent the correct reading of the MHS. owing to
the failure of a typographical imitation of the
original. Thus, the marginal note (p. 89),
" Mem. do una olla data per patrem j Itycu',"
is obviously meaningless, and is queried
accordingly by the editor. But a compulsory
extension would doubtless have resulted in
the figure i of the MS. being copied as the
letter .1. Possibly the pious donor may be
identified with the father of John Kyton, a
former bursar of the abbey, unless, indeed,
the reading should bo"fratrem." The intro-
duction to the subject-matter of these three
volumes has been placed at the end of the
whole work, and deserves the careful study of
all who would make themselves acquainted
with the economy of a tyi^ical religious house
in the north of England. A noticeable and
valuable adjunct is found in the shape of a
'
List of Subjects tabulated under appropriate
'
headings. Further reference to these inter-
esting accounts is promised in the learned
editor's forthcoming edition of the Durham '
Rites in the same series.
'
Messrs. Bell's admirable edition of The
Prose Worlds of Jonathan Swift has reached
vol. ix., though vols. vi. and vii., comprising
the Irish Tracts, are not yet issued. The ninth
volume contains the contributions to the Tatlcr,
Examine)-, Spectator, and Intelligencer. Com-
pared with other works of Swift these pajjers
cannot be said to hold the highest rank yet ;
they are of great importance politically, and
supplement in a most valuable manner the
more famous political tracts, sucli as those
on the * Conduct of the Allies or the Public
'
'
Spirit of the Whigs.' Swift's Examiners,
indeed, rendered incalculable service to the
Harley ministry :they spoke to the whole
kingdom, as Mr. Churton Collins has well said,
and not to the political oliques of the metro-
polis, and in spite of their frequent sophistry
they are so plausible that they must have
carried conviction. Mr. Temple Scott, in
his preface, disputes Swift's title to be styled
" The Prince of Journalists," because in his
view the journalist does not form and lead
public opinion, but merely expresses it. We
are not at all sure that this definition holds
good even for modern journalism, and it cer-
tainly was not Swift's idea of a journalist's
dutj'. Biit whether we call him journalist or
political publicist, the fact remains that he
guided public opinion in supportof the ministry,
and that is what some modern journalists still
aim at. The volume is carefully edited, like
its predecessors, though Mr. Scott has dele-
gated most of the work to Mr. W. Spencer
Jackson, who " collated the texts, revised the
proofs, and supplied most of the notes." The
notes on historical, bibliographical, and
literary subjects are ample and accurate, but
there might have been more explanations of
obscurities in the text e.g. on " tribes painted
,
on the church walls" (p. 47), "a plum and a
gold chain " (p. 48), " the person produced as
mine in the play-house " (p. 64) and we cannot
;
consider the translations of Swift's Latin quo-
tations adequate. There is a fine reproduction
of Jervas's portrait of Swift in the Bodleian,
but without the inscription.
An American book on Colonial Government,
in "The
published Citizen's Library" of
Economics, edited by Dr. Richard Ely, reaches
us from the Macmillan Company, the author
being Prof. Paul Reinsch. We have praised on
previous occasions many of the volumes of this
series. That before us has nothing that is dis-
tinctively American, and the examination of
colonial problems is in fact conducted through-
out its pages almost entirely from the British
point of view. We might, indeed, suggest as a
weak point that the book deals too largely with
the great white colonies, which are peculiar to
THE AT H E N 7E U M
us, and not sutticiently with the tropical colonies
which are now in the minds of all the rest of
mankind, and especially of the Americans them-
selves ;but the latter are by no means excluded
from the volume. The writer is sensible,
and apjjears to see the difficulties in the
way of modern short cuts to national unity.
He, however, hardly realizes the difference of
opinion between the Dominion and the Common-
wealth, and the fact that every proposal for
change must be tested at the weakest point and
thecjuestion asked how the Australian Common-
wealth will receive it. He tells us that the
admission of the Agents-General into Parlia-
ment is not open to such serious objections as
are proposals for an Imperial legislature. His
words suggest that the admission of the Agents-
General to Parliament is possible but then we
; suited for general reading, as the warmth of the
know, on the declaration of both parties in
Australia, that it is not possible. Prof. Reinsch
describes the aid offered by the self-governing
colonies in the South African war as a result of
the movement for Imperial Federation. But a
professor in a university of the United States
ought to keep in mind the enormous extent to
which colonial assistance was volunteered in
English wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries.
The English Publishing House at Mylapore,
Madras, issues Kamala'n Letters taker Hunband,
a little volume which throws a good deal of
light on the married society of the Hindoo
middle-class world. The writer is evidently one
of those who are attached to the Presidency
High Courts, and the society with which he is
acquainted is that of the Hindoo employes of
Government, who are in touch neither with
the aristocracy on the one side nor with the
peasantry on the other, and who live in a little
world of their own, to some extent affected by
English literature and by English ideas, but not
as a rule venturing to break with native tra-
ditions. The object of the writer probably is
to recommend, in an indirect and moderate
fashion, what is known in India as "social
reform " ; it is clear, from the letters of his
imaginary lady to her husband, that he does not
approve of what he regards as the excesses of
the new school. He makes his heroine see
much that is good in their ideas, but refuse to
make herself a "shocking example" to her
neighbours. There is much in the volume
which will strengthen the views of those who
think that infant marriages should gradually be
prohibited bylaw, because, although it is pointed
out that even bigotry does not defend the abuses
of the system, yet it is clear that it may live,
with all its terrible consequences, for hundreds
of years unless some gradual action by the State,
in support of the better customs which are
approved by the majority of Hindoos, should
come to the aid of slowly improving ideals.
The author clearly shows that he understands
the beauty of the inherent principle of Hindoo
mai'riage, but he appears to be less well
acquainted with the corresponding ideal of Chris-
tian marriage. He alludes to the former in the
words, " The one is a religious ceremony "; and
to the latter, "The other is the fulfilment of
an engagement, a mutual choice and acceptance,
by the parties, of each other." The author here
neglects, of course, the fact that in a very large
part of the Church marriage is actually a sacra-
ment, and that it is regarded with somewliat
similar feelings even by that part of the Church
which rejects the actual sacrament. The author
goes on to say that Hindoo marriage is indis-
soluble, while a Christian marriage can be dis-
solved a statement which cannot be accepted
:
as entirely true, the greater part of the Church
rejecting the dissolubility of Christian marriage
and many Christian states refusing to admit it.
He goes on to say that he is puzzled to know
how a contract entered into before a priest after
invocation to God can be revoked without refer-
ence to God and without the intervention of a
priest, and it is clear that he would avidly
N^SEOO, July 26, 1902
embrace the Roman or High Church view of
marriage if it were presented to him. It is,
indeed, a curious revelation of the slight extent
of the knowledge of the outer world possessed
by highly educated Hindoos that our author
should evidently be unaware of what is the
general Christian view of marriage. The style
in which the book is written is not open to the
ridicule which is often expended upon theEnglish
productions of Hindoo pens. Our author's style,
indeed, occasionally is excellent, as, for example,
in the passage, "One is called meddlesome' by
'
a muddle-headed muckworm." On the other
hand, there are a few Hindoo-English catch
phrases which annoy us and in one sentence
:
we imagine that the gentler sex is alluded to as
"softer specimens." The book is not entirely
love passages exceeds that of the Song of Solo-
mon, and there are some bits which suggest
wilful naughtiness. Asa "document " on India
it is, we think, to be highly praised.
All English Girl in, Paris (Lane) is by an
anonymous writer who has a considerable power
of amusing readers. The author's art lies in
French idioms into funny
literal translation of
English with a certain notion of humour, which
may be found entertaining by many.
We have a little volume on Western Aristralia
which we are unable to praise. It is from the
pen of Mr. J. G. Davies, and is published by
Mr. Evans, of Nantymoel. We should not have
thought that there was room for such a book, as
the publications of the colonial Government and
other easily available works seem to cover the
ground.
We have on our table Histonj of WicJcen,
by M. Knowles (Stock), Bell's Miniature
Series of Painters : Sir Joslnia Peijnolds, P.R.A.,
by Rowley Cleeve Frederic, Lord Leighton,
;
by George C. Williamson, Litt.D.; and Hans
Holhein, by A. B. Chamberlain (Bell), The
Lower Sonth in American History, by W. G.
Brown (Macmillan Company), The Coronatioii
Regalia, by W. H. Staepoole, LL.D. (Mac-
queen), The English Coronation Service: its
Histonj and Teaching, by F. C. Eeles (Mow-
bray), London: a Guide for the Visitor,
SiJortsman, and Naturalist, revised ancl
enlarged by J. W. Cundall (Greening), T/ic
Great Atmlcening, by E. Phillips Oppenheim.
(Ward & Lock), T//e Mill of Silence, by
Bernard Capes (Long), At the Change of the
Moon, by B. C. Blake (Greening), A Woman
of Wiles,by A. Munro (Ward & Lock),
The White Witch of Magfair, by G. Griffith
(White),
Indiscretions, by C. Hamilton
(Treherne), A
Flging Post, by Treshara
Quaines (Ward & Lock), Tlie Words of
Jesns, by G. Dalman (Edinburgh, T. & T.
Clark),
Shidies in the GreeTc and Latin
Versions of the BooTc of Amos, by the Rev.
W. O. E. Oesterley (Cambridge, University-
Press),
Tlie Apostles' Creed, by A. C.
McGiffert (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark),
Addresses in Holy Weelc, by the Right Rev.
A. F. W. Ingram (S.P.C.K.), LiYc's Little
Comedies, and other Verses, by H. Bedwell
(Long), The Message of Man: a Book of
Ethical Scrixitures, arranged by S. Coit, Ph.D.
(Sonnensehein),Modern PoZo, by Capt. E. D.
Miller (Ilurst & B]ackett),Illnstrated Guide-
Books to Edinburgh, Whithy, Llandndno, and
the Northern Section of North Wales (Ward &
Lock), and What I Believe ('My Religion')^
and On Life, a New Translation, by Leo
Tolstoy (Hants, the Free Age Press).
'
'
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH,
Theologi/.
The Books of the Bible their Contents and
Campbell (A.). :
Characteristics, 8vo, 3/6 , _
^ in *v
, t^
Every Day the
Power (M.). Anglo-Jewish Calendar for
Gospels, cr. 8vo, 2/6
Fine Art and Arehaologv.
Hurrell (J. W.), Measured Drawings of Old Oak
English
Furniture, folio, 42/ net.
 N3900, JuLY*26, 1902 THE ATHENE. UM 13.1

Longfellow ^w. P. P.), Applied Perspective for Architects, Here a health unto His Majesty
's the time of his withdrawal from active life,
4to, i;V6 net. From his luen in hunting pink,
Thomson (D. C), The Barbizon School of Painters, -Ito, 42' influenced, probably, by his misfortuiits as well
Who proudly- chant his sportsmanship as by the miracles at Lourdes, he joined the^
Poetry and Drama.
As glass to glass they chink ; Roman Communion, for which he had long hatl
Carman (Bliss). Ode on the Coronation of King Edward VII., " He rode no easy featherweight,
or. Svo, 5/ net.
Yet never looked for gap or gate,
a hankering. He amu.sed his leisure by trans-
Sargaunt (\V. D.), Poems, 12mo, 3/ net.
lating Huysmans's novel ' En Route and by '

History and Biography. But ever like a king rode straight " !

putting together a pleasant volume of autobio-

Linn (W. A.), The Story of the Mormons from the Date of So it 's hip, hip, hip, &c.
their Origin to the Year li'Ol, Svo, 17/ net.
graphy called 'Memories' (18!M)). He bore a long
Wilson (H. W.), After Pretoria: The Guerilla War, Vol. 1,
Here 's a health unto His Majesty illness with much patience, and derived great
4to, 15/ net. From his sons who rule the sea,
consolation from the religion he had late in life-
Geography and Travel. For he is Ocean's Emperor,
And embraced.
Goodrich-Freer (A.), Outer Isles, Svo, 12/Gnet. to the end shall be.
Hasler (G.). The Bernese Oherland, Vol. 1, 18mo, 10/ A skipper staunch, he's aye at home
Murray's Handbook for Berkshire, or. Svo, 6/ SAMOAN SACKED ANI.MALS.
Upon the waves, and loves the foam
Sports and Pastimes. Andrews, July IStb, 1903.
From oif their hoary crests to comb I
St.
Qrimble (A.), The Salmon Hivers of Scotland, 4to, 21/ net. It is disputed whether the sacred animals of
Jordan (D. S.) and Kverroann (B. W.), American Food and So it 's hip, hip, hip, kc.
Game Fishes, roy. Svo, 21/ net. the Samoan Islanders can projjcrly be called
$age (D.) and others, Salmon and Trout, cr. Svo, 8 G net.
Here 's a health unto His Majesty
From all good men and true "totems," and no doubt it is better in this case
Phihiogy. But I have only
Who stood for his supremacy^ to avoid the use of the word.
Ciceronis Epistu^a^ ad Familiares, edited by L. C. Purser,
cr. Svo, sewed, 2/ Who stood and overthrew. just noticed that in Mr. J. F. McLennan's
Science. For surely every soldier saith, 'Studies in Ancient History,' .second series
Bigg (H ), Caries of the Spine, Svo, 2/6 " He 's had as bold a bout with death (18'J6), p. 238, a correspondent of my own \y-
Cunningham (J.), Test-Book of Anatomy, imp Svo, 31/6 net. As any Briton who draws breath."
Hughes (R.), The Principles and Practice of Homaopathy, cited as an authority for the existence of totems
cr. Svo, 16 So it's hip, hip, hip, &o. in Samoa in 1874. Mr. McLennan's papers
Living Animals cf the Worlil, Vol. 2, 4to, 10/6 net.
Williams (M. B.\ The Strategy of Nature, 4to, sewed, 5/ net. Here a health unto His Majesty
's were published after his death indeed, every
And to his lovely Queen, one who took up the editing of the work, except
General Literature.
Andreae (P.), A
Life at Stake, cr. Svo, 6/
So wifely and so motherly, Mr. Piatt, died before it was produced. The-
Besant (Sir W.). A
Five Years' Tryst, and other Stories, 6/ So noble and serene. result is that what my correspondent (my
Custance (O.), Kainbows, cr. Svo, 3/6 Long may they live long may they reign
I !
cousin the late Mr. J. J. Atkinson) wrote
Gordon (J.), Mrs. Clyde, cr. Svo, 6/
And may we all be here again
Mann (M. B.), In Summer Shade, cr. Svo, 6/ about New Caledonia is, in '
Studies in Ancient
Marriott (C), Love with Honour, cr. Svo, 6/ As good a health to them to drain !
History,' erroneously ascribed to Samoa. The
Meldrum (D. S ). The Conquest of Charlotte, cr. Svo, 6/ With a hip, hip, hip, &c. passage (in Mr. Atkinson's MS. account of the
Merejkowski (D.), The Foren.nner, cr. Svo, 6/
Quaines (T.). A Flying Post. cr. Svo, 3/6
The Author of 'Father O'Fltnn.'
New Caledonians) is curious, but he does not
Keinsch (P. S.), Colonial Government, cr. Svo, 5/ net.
say that men and women of the same animal
Roberts (M.), Immortal Y'outh, cr. Svo, 6/
Stevens (W. J.), Investment and Speculation in British MR. KEGAN PAUL. "father" (lizard, pigeon, &c.) might not inter-
Railways, cr. Svo, 4 net. marry, which is the rule in full-blown totemisni.
Three Hundred .Esop's Fables, translated by the Rev. G. F.
Mr. Kegan Paul died on Saturday last after
Townsend. cr. Svo, 3/6 a lengthened illness. Indeed, since he was A. Laxg.
Tomlin (J. H.\ Some of Ourselves, cr. Svo, 3/6 run over by an omnibus some years back he
Wister (O.), The Virginian, cr. Svo, 6/ EDMUND PYLE, D.D., 1703-77.
had been more or less of a helpless invalid.
FOREIGN. He was born in 1828, and graduated at Exeter The familiar letters of a well-preferred divine
Theology. College, Oxford. Being then much under the and royal chaplain, the friend and companion
Boehmer (J.), Der alttestamentliche Unterbau des Reiches influence of Maurice and Kingsley, he took of Bishop Hoadly, exactly covering the long
Gottes, 4m. .50.

Griitzmacher ^R. H.),Wort u. Geist, 5m. 50. Holy Orders, becoming curate of Great Tew. reign of George II., should naturally present

Fine Art and Archaology. In 1853 he went to Eton to look after the col- many points of interest touching matters-
Helbing (H.), Handzeichnungen alter Meister, Series 1, legers, and in 18G2 the college presented him ecclesiastical, social, and political. And
Part ],.55m. to the vicarage of Sturminster in Dorsetshire. although the author describes his news a*
Kurth (J.), Die Mosaiken der christlichen Aera Part 1, Die :
" writing the lye of one day," declaring his
Wandmrsaiken v. Ravenna, 20m. W^hile he was there his opinions gradually
Spiegelberg (W.), Demotische Papyrus aus den kiinigl. veered round to Positivism, and in 1874 he epi-stles to be "hardly worth reading and cer-
Museen zu Berlin, liXim.
threw up his living, came to London, and was tainly not worth keeping," it will appear from,
History and Biography.
Cordier (H.), Histoire des Relations de la Chine avec les engaged by the late Mr. H. S. King as "reader" the following cursory glance over a portion
Puissances Oceidentales, 1S60-1902, Vol. 3, Part 2, lOfr. to his firm. At this time he published his best only of a correspondence now for the first time
Schiemann (T ), Die Ermordung Pauls u. die Thronbe- work, his 'Life of Godwin,' for which Lady brought to light, that it forms a valuable
steigung Nikolaus I., lOm.
Troltsch (E.V.), Die Pfahlbauten des Bodenseegebietes, Sm. Shelley supplied the chief part of his materials. complement to the history of the time.
Geography and Travel. Shortly afterwards Mr. King grew weary of The author in question was the eldest sou
SuarC-s (A.), Le Li\Te de I'Emeraude En Bretagne, ; 3fr. .50. publishing, and handed over his business to of Thomas Pyle, an impetuous and somewhat
Philology. Mr. Paul, who thus unexpectedly found him- heterodox divine, who took a conspicuous part
Barth (J.), Wurzeluntersuchungen zum hebraischen u. self one of the chief publishers in London. He in the Bangorian controversy. Edmund Pyle
aramaisehen Lexicon, 4m.
Gerber (A.) et Greet (A.), Lexicon Tacifeum, Part put into the enterprise all the capital he could was admitted of Bcne't College, Cambridge, in
15,
3m. 60. command, and took Mr. Trench, a son of the 1720, and became a Fellow of Clare Hall nine
Mez (A), Muhammad ibn ahmad abulmutabbar alazdi,
archbishop, into partnership. He carried on years later. In 1732 he succeeded his father
12m.
Scierice. his business with much energy, issuing, besides at the church of St. Nicholas, Lynn, and wa*
Berillon (Dr.) et Farez (P.), Deuxifime CongrJs Inter- "The International Scientific Series" begun an active agent a few years later against the
national del'Hypnotisme: Comptes Rendus, lOfr.
by his predecessor, "The Parchment Library'" Quakers. Writing from St. James's on
Tartarin (A. C.i.Tuberculose et Sanatoriums, 3fr. .50.
(in which he edited an i.ssue of Shakspeare), April 1st, 1742, when he had been five years,
General Literature.
Gyp, Les Araoureux. 3fr. .50. 'The Egoist' of Mr. Meredith, Dr. Badger's chaplain to the king, he speaks of the "fiery
Pascal CF.), Le BaptC-raede Marie-Radf, 3fr. ,50. '
English-Arabic Lexicon,' the poems of Tenny- tryal of an Inquisition " which Walpolc is to
son, Stevenson's early work.s, Mr. Hake's Life ' undergo. The result is well known. Two day.s
of Gordon, and many other books of importance. later Pyle is
HERE'S A HEALTH UNTO HIS MAJESTY. '

He also launched the Nineteenth Century on the "just going up Stairs to see your old Friend tlie
Xr\V VKRSIO.V. Prick
I'.p. of Bangor kiss the King's hand for the .\ 15
world. To young authors he seemed at first a
{The Musical liights Reserved.) of York, whicli prize in the Lottery of the Church
special instrument of Providence raised up for has, as every thing else lias done, fallen into his Lap.
Hebe's a health unto Hi.s Majesty,
their benefit but, although a fire on his pre- He has against all rules of Gravity, and exi)erienci-,
With our hands all round and round I
;

Conversion to his enemies,
And may his friends abound
And he who will not fill liis glass
And bid the foaming bottle pass
Is just a rebel rogue or ass.
Not to join our hii., hip, hurrali, hurrah, hurrah
Not to join our hip, hip, hip, hurrah
Here a health unto His Jlajesty
's
Fromus farmers one and all
If you VI touch the top of farmery.
At Sandringham you 'II call,
And learn a lesson from your King
In cote and byre and everything
That stock and flock to best doth bring.
With a hip, hip, hip, liurrah, hurrah, hurrah
With a hip, hip, hip, hurrah
mises enabled some of them to print a second
I
edition, they gradually discovered that the pub-
lisher who talked so pleasantly about literature
was no more able than his less accomplished
brethren to secure them a wide sale and huge
profits, and after a time he was less frequetitly
I seen at the Savilo Club. Unfortunately for
himself, he was induced to become a director of
I
the Hansard Printing and Publishing Company
and other cognate enterprises, through which
he lost much money and had to make more
than one ajjpearance in the Law Cf)urts. Tluse
mishaps necessarily crijjpled his activity, and Iiis
own firm was converted into a limited company,
'.
of which he continued for some years to be
!
manager, and then retired on a pension. About
risen by the Weight of his Character."
In 1713 the king allowed Dr. Pyle to take the
rich livings of Tydd St. Mary and Gcdney in
Lincolnshire, on the resignation of his father.
Many stories are told of that episcopal
oddity and excellent man Matliias Maw.son,
successively Bishop of LlandalT, C'liichcstcr,.
and Kly, and for twenty years Master of Benc't.
In the summer of 1713 lie travelled from
Chichester to Yorkshire to lielp his friend
Arch])ishop Herring in clearing olT the twelve
years' arrears of confirmation left by the neg-
lect of Lancelot Blackbnrne. The two prelate*
were niagnincentiy entertained, in the absence
of the Duke of Kingston, at his beautiful seat,
the French mistress being ordered "to abscona

126
ioY that day," greatly to my lord of Chiches-
ter's disappointment, as expressed by Jiim to
the Northern Primate. On his return south
"he dined with my Lord Tyrconnel, forgot himself'
staid 'till near 10 at night, and was overturned at 1 in
the morning, not reaching hie i)lace of Lodging 'till
past 2. He was very angry with his Coachman, and
told him he was an Idle B'ellow, and had got a Cup
in his crown, and he 'd turn him off at Cambridge
to which the L'ellow replied with a very philosophic
"Gravity If your Ldship had been as regular in
your hours, as I was in my Drinking, this had not
happen'd."
Later on we are told :
"ItismyLord of Chichester's manner, it seems,
Ibefore he goes into Bed, to lay his Breeches upon a
chair, and tlien go in his shirt to the fireside, and
expectorate pretty largely. But once last spring,
being a little absent, at the time of night above-
named, he threw his I?reeches into the fire, and spit
all over the Bottom of a Great Chair."
Such are but moderate extracts. They suffi-
ciently signalize the coarseness of the age.
The writer himself uses strange expressions.
He will give his flock an old sermon "some
rusty divinity, and how do I not know but it
may be good for them as a Chalybeat." He
puts "an old Alderman into Abrahams
Bosom " prays for rain "might and main"
;
Popish absolution is "the very Humpty
Dumpty of Divinity," &c.
In 1745 smallpox and ague raged in East
Anglia, and fear of the rebels and of the
French distracted even those distant parts.
The Duke of Kingston and other " Rake-
shanes " are at Buxton, and rejoicings " such
as were never seen in London before" take
place for "the Illustrious Duke's victory."
" My Lord of Canterbury (John Potter) is no more.
You know how much the deceased Prelate has been
at odds with the Court, for a good while and how
;
warmly he has fallen in with the Prince's distress-
ing (and distressed) measures. The unforseen Dis-
solution of the late Parliament (a Thought of Bp.
Sherlocks for which he has been rewarded with
the Deanery of York, for his nephew, aged 30
years) defeated all their Hopes and the poor-
; Archbishop of York, was translated to Canter-
spirited old Man of Lambeth, was coming about
again he had twice asked Audience of his Sovereign
and been twice refused admittance. At length
be obtained it, but had better been without it for
=the interview was closed with the King's telling
;
him He was a Man of a little dirty Heart. What-
ever the Heart was this saying is thought to have
broken it and the warmth of it is generally excused
: appointed. This was in 1752. In the same
and forgiven to the indignation that is justly due to
aBehaviour,in a person of that Station and Character
tending to weaken his Prince's hands in a Season so
critically Dangerous as the present is. London and
Sarum will have the offer of the Primacy, but 'tis
taken for granted will decline the acceptance of it.
I see not but it may come, as everything else has
done, to my Lord of York's Door."
It did, and "the Red Herring" sat
for a
decade in the seat of Augustine. In 1748,
Hoadly having ordained a "broken" brewer,
the chancellor refused a licence. This caused
a great stir, the Bishop of Norwich, Sir
Thomas Gooch, remarking:
" By this time all scoundrels knew that there was
a Door open for them at Winchester. Bugden was
the Door a while ago. Now Winchester has taken
up the Scandalous Trade."
The following gives an idea of the whited
and beraddled appearance of the ladies of the
time :
" I had like to have lost my Heart at
York. It is
a terrible thing to have such a place in that Church
as I have Nothing but Ladies by dozens (and very
pretty ones) on the Right hand, on the Left, or in
front of my stall. But, thro' Mercy, having
the
Service to read, I was forced to look at least as much
upon the Kubrick of the Book, as upon that of their
cheeks, so I am returned safe and sound."
This was in October, 1751, when Dr. Pyle had
been collated to the Archdeaconry of York.
In the following year, being already his
domestic chaplain, Pyle was offered the position
of " friend and companion " of Hoadly, Bishop
of Winchester, whose famous sermon on * The
Kingdom of Christ,' preached before the king
in 1717, when he was Bishop of Bangor, and
at
once printed by royal command, became the
origin of the Bangorian controversy.
It
THE ATHEN^UM
only bo here recalled that Hoadly was jier-
fectly explicit in his denial of the power of
the Church over the conscience, and of her
right to determine the condition of men in
relation to the favour of God. An unparalleled
excitement was caused, a bewildering mass of
pamphlets issued, and, by the action of the
Crown, the power of Convocation was reduced
for the future to the transaction of business
only of a formal character.
" This offer," says Pyle,
" is a temptation to me that is irresistible. My Lord
was about to propose Conditions to me but I
stopped all that Talk by refusing to make Tennn
with him, I will leave all to himself and I am sure
not to fare the worse for that."
He now gave up his Lynn preferment. Shortly
after, writing from Winchester House, Chelsea,
he says : :
"I have been an Inhabitant of
five weeks, and better, and know
manner of Life in such a family
know in as many years. And all I shall,
say of it is, that, (having 8 hours in each day to
myself, for exercise or study, and the privilege of
going to London, for a Day or two, as oft as I please)
could I make mj'^ Lord's Life and my own commen-
surate, I wou'd not leave this house for any prefer-
ment in England. Such easiness, such plenty, and
;
treatment so liberal, was never my Lot before
and if God gives me health, you cant think of a
happier Man, The Danger I apprehend most is
from the Table, which is both plentiful and elegant.
But, I think, I shall by Use, not be in more peril
from my Lord's ten dishes than I was formerly
from my own tvro, for I begin already to find that
a fine Dinner, every day, is not such a perpetual
temptation as I tho't it would be."
Hither frequently came the Primate in the
forenoon for long private conversation with
Hoadly in his study, while Pyle "bore him
company" afterwards to walk in Kensington
Gardens.
"There is no Bp. of Durham appointed. It is
believed Bp. Trevor of St. David's will be the Man,
Tho' the K. is for the Bp, of Norwich, But his
Majesty has not always the Best Interest at Court,"
As his Majesty himself said more than once.
Trevor was appointed. Similarly, when Dr.
Ellis was proposed to the king for St. David's,
he declared " that there were persons enough
that he had heard of that might better have
been named than a stranger." Ellis was
year Dr. Johnson, second master at West-
minster, was nominated to the see of Glou-
cester :
"He rises by the Interest of Mr. Stone, sub-
governor to the P. of W., and brother to the infamous
primate of Ireland who is contemned by all good
(& bad) men in that Country, and treated as such a
fellow deserves who rose from poverty bro't on by
;
Debauchery, to the highest station of the Church,
faster than a mushroom does in a hot-bed at Batter-
sea."
We turn from this unpleasant character,
who was buried in Henry VII.'s Chapel in
1765, to Mr. Warburton, who "has a volume
of sermons in the press," and to Mens. Vol-
taire, who "has published
the Age of Louis XIV. that
taining, being written in the same spirit and
(for what I know) with the same approaches
to the Romance as the Life of Charles XII.
of Sweden " : Graduate
" I shallmatch you for sauntering and not reading
which God forgive me I do very little of
last,
1
here, notwithstanding the Temptation of a fine
Library. When Mrs. Hoadlv has not Ladies with
her (which is very seldom), the Bp. makes me read
to him in an evening Burnet's history or some such
Book his observations upon which are worth more
;
than my Pains."
The last acts
of Bishop Gooch's life were a
series of jobberies in Church preferment so
much so that Mawson, who succeeded him at
Ely, could " hardly present to a stall or to
any good living, Matters have been so
managed."
Bishop Hoadly employed Pyle in decipher-
ing from shorthand, for publication by Knap-
ton, the sermons of his early career. Of them
can Pyle says: "They are the old Cocks that
;
N3900, July 26, 1902
fought the Battles of Liberty in good Queen
Anne's days." All were amended by their
author, then seventy-eight years of age. One
is particularly referred to on Unprofitable
'
Servants,' written
"at the Desire of a person unknown: who pre-
ferred his request to the Author on meeting him in
the Street thanked him, afterwards, in the Street
;
also, and was never seen by him any more,"
The following is an example of the ignoble
chaffering that was practised over Church
preferment :
May 29th, 17.5.5, "I have had bad Luck ; as thus.
Dr. Lowth, who is possessed of the A Deaconryof
Winchester and a Living oi'i'Ml. a year in My Lord's
gift, was lately made 1st Chaplain to the Ld, Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, and since that, tlie B Prick of
Limerick (20(X) a year) is fallen. My Lord had no
doubt but Dr. Lowth would accept it gladly so his
English preferment was offered to one of the Pre-
this sweet place bendaries of Winchester if the said Prebendary
as much of the would resign his Stall to me. He consented and :
as this as I can we thought the thing as good as done But Lo the : 1
or need, whoreson Lowth will not be an Irish Bishop at any
rate ;and has got leave to exchange Limerick for a
Deanery in England, so he keeps what he has besides
and there 's an end of Pill Garlick for this Bout,"
Jan, 11th, 1755. " TheArch Bishop of York's eldest
daughter has been upon the Brink of Matrimony,
twice, to one Dr. Cotton of the Peak of Derbyshire
:
who has very good preferment, besides a good
;
Estate and demands a great Fortune in Cash with
;
the Lady and will not reckon his Chance for pre-
:
ferment from his Grace at any price. So, Mrs.
Hutton has, a second time, thrown the thing off the
Hooks and I don't know whether an Acquaintance
of yours is not likely to have his Ears boxed, for a
joke, that Cotton is pleased with, and has pro-
pagated, viz. That Mrs. Hutton (who was once a
chambermaid at the old Duke of Somerset's) has
swept him with the Beezom of Destruction."
We know from the picture-board dummies of
ladies depicted as housemaids, such as the
examples at Ledes Castle, Winchester, &c.,
that the household implement of earlier times
took the ancient besom form. Matthew
Hutton, successively Bishop of Bangor and
bury in 1757, and died in the same year. "He
left 50,0001. which he had saved out of the
church in 12 years, and not one penny to
any good use or public charity." The deli-
berate suicide of Lord Montford is commented
upon: " It is a pity but he had done this 25
years ago for he has made all the young
Nobility mad after Gaming." An account is
also given of the apostate Lord Gage's queer
deathbed penance.
In the letter of January 11th, 1755, after
speaking generally of literary news, Pyle con-
tinues :
" Now I am upon Men of Letters, I '11 tell you of
a thing done but not yet published i.e. Old Maw-
son has married a Couple of his own servants in Ely
House Chapel and is actually liable to Transporta-
tion, I believe the Folks were married over again
at St. Andrews Holbouru and the thing is hushed
up. I have heard it twice from a Member of the
House of Commons that you know very well. If
the Story gets wind, I intend to tell it that he read
2 vols, called the Burial Office over the Couple, and so the Law
can't touch Him. This Right Rev^ Blunderer was
are very enter- at the Meetings of Convocation, and tho' he is
peculiarly the Cambridge Bishop, had in the par-
ticular Habit of Ceremony used by Bishops on those
occasions, every Mark of his being an Oxford
I have seen here lately a daughter of
Dr. Grey's of Northamptonshire, with Mrs. Hoadly's
:
sister. Miss Grey astonishes the World of Painters
&c. by her works in Worstead. I saw a Bunch of
Grapes of her doing that are equal to anything of
Rubens'. The Princess of Wales presented her with
100 guineas and wished herself able to take the
Work and give her a proper Reward, It is tho't it
will sell for 600Z."
Dr. Grey was rector of Hinton in the Hedges.
Just a century later another Northampton-
;
shire lady, Miss Linwood, from the delightful
old village of Cogenhoe, astonished society by
similar performances.
July 10th, 1755." It is said here in a way that
makes one think it came from Lord Leicester, that
Houghton House is in so ill a state, that it ivould
cost some thousand pounds to put it into the Con-
And all this owing to
dition it ought to be in.
Ripley's unskilfuluess and want of understanding


N'';^000, July 26, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 127

how ilic uuisuuiy woik ouglit lo have been per-
formed whereof Lord Leicester often gave OKI S''
electing as Warden of Winchester the head of of West
Newton nine years. In his last
;
their own society, which had been done on six letter, of July 10th, 1703, he says:
Robert lliut;?, whilst the Buihliug was raising. The
successive occasions, and was quite contrary " 1 rub on, how long I may do so depends oi>
Lord of that I'lace has a most I'altry cliaracter
(which 1 am sorry for) and is never by what I hear, to the A'ery precise statutes of the founder. God's will, to which I submit; and on particulars
He will, they say, be a Thus was excluded the very "Jack," Dr. that are far out of the reach of I'hysician's skill,"
likely to have a better.
Beggar iu spite of Fate." Purnoll, who was Vicc-Chancellor in 1748, and This recalls the final entry in Pepys's diary.
In this year the Bishop of Winchester was allowed "K. George to be damned and King He died in 1777, and is commemorated by a
robbed of 8,800/. through a Konian priest's James blessed in the open streets by open tablet in Winchester Cathedral.
forging his name. The failure of Knapton the daylight," on February 2l5rd, and whom the Ar.MEKl' Haut.shokne.
bookseller, who was thought to be worth fellows of New College had presented to the
30,000/., is recorded. He owed 5,000/. to Dr. bishop. In consequence of the laxity that had
crept in the revenues of the school were mis-
'
FROM THE FLEBT IN THK FIFTIK3.'
Warburton for profits on the sale of his books.
84, Princess May IJomI, N., .July 19lh, 1902.
" A Man designed for a Scholar, should be applied, education on the foundation had
Referringto your notice of From the Fleet '

first bound to an Attorney in order to make
the bestof his Learning when he has got any."
Authors of the present day may perhaps lay
this to heart.
On the advancement in 1750 of "the Old
Catiff Old British Horace" Walpole to the
become very expensive, and learning both in
the school and at New College had sunk to
the lowest ebb of scholarship.
In September, 1758, the delight of the old
king over the twenty-one brass cannons cap-
tured from the French is spoken of. They
were exposed in Hyde Park, and the king was
in the Fifties,' may I be permitted to quote
the evidence of Lord George Paget (who was
second in command of the Light Brigade at
Balaclava) with regard to the pace at which we
advanced against the Russian battery in position
at the bottom of the North Valley .'

barony of Wolterton, Pyle says:

pleased frequently to peep through the trees He says, in his 'Journal of the Crimean War,"
"People here have been guessing a place dirty
enough for him to take his Title from, Puddle- in his gardens at the people congregated round "I prefer to call this charge an advance for ;

Dock, Hockley- Hole, ..tc. There is come out I am
told a very roguish Print of which there are very
few Copies, and the Plate destroy 'd. It represents
H. W. contriving with an Old Tailor to make parlia-
ment Piobes out of a decay'd Red Cloak and his
;
them and the boys sitting across them. Each
of these pieces of ordnance bore the royal arms
of France, the name of some puissant woman
of history, and " the unprincipled motto Ratio
we rode at a fast trot nearly two miles without
support, flanked by a murderous fire from the
hills on each side."
Lord Tredegar, who is still living, and was
then known as Capt. Morgan, 17th Lancers,

wife skinning a Cat by way of Fur for the Borders. ultima regitm." Presently we are told : "My
The Tailor shakes his head, to signify that there is
old Master the King is not well very far from some three or four years back in an account of
not enough of the Cloak for the purpose and the
;

Female Figure is dropping off a Red under- petticoat

it he has lost one eye and the other is not a the day in the Times, speaks to the same pur-
pose and very recently a friend furnished me
good one, and his flesh abates." In the next ;

to help out. The title of the Print is Lord Subsidies with an extract from an unpublished letter
year a shocking story is related of a bishop of
Robes."'
an Irish see, who shall be nameless here, who written by Lieut, -General Seager, C.B. (who
Is the scarcity of this production now recog-
had certainly under grievous provocation rode into the Valley of Death as adjutant of the
nized, or its clumsy point understood? " been so indiscrete as to treat his wife once 8th Hussars), and who unconsciously bears incon-
Afamous old London house comes in for
and again with stripes, and both are now testable witness to the fact that Lord Cardigan
notice through his Grace of Canterbury pay- was quite alive to the importance of keeping
suing for a Divorce." This gives rise to much
ing evening visits to Ely House, Holborn, and his brigade " well in hand." He says
discourse amongst the bishops, and occasions :

catching cold "in passing thro' that raw old "Weadvanced at a trot; and soon came within
the prelate of Ely to deliver a characteristic
Hall." In consequence the cross fire from both hills of cannon and rifles.
opinion " in but not to the House of Lords."
" my Lord of Ely has caused a Gieat Fire to be kept The fire was tremendous shells bursting among
The continuous revelations concerning the ;

daily in the 'fore-said hall. This Fire makes a third
singularity (if j-ou can pardon such an E.xpression)
in that P>ishop's QCconomy : no Bp. of Elv, before
His Lordship, having had' a Fire in the Hall, or a
French Valet de Chambre, or Metal Buttons in the
Front of his Breeches."
In 1756 the long-looked-for promotion to
a prebend at Winchester took place. This
gave Pyle an excellent house hard by the
enclosure of Charles II. 's unfinished palace.
He spent large sums upon his garden, and laid
himself out to enjoy life more than ever. He
will still endeavour to get further preferment
for his long services at Court, but declares
that any scheme of higher promotion after
" the approved way of Church-men's rising viz. by
;
becoming of kin to those who can give or procure
Dignities Ecclesiastical:will not be gone into by
me."
The year was now comfortably partitioned out
into residences in London, at his Lincolnshire
livings, at York, and at Winchester in succes-
sion, the bishop dispensing with his attend-
ance in London for two months out of the
three demanded by the duties of his prebend.
Political events occupy considerable space
throughout the correspondence, but can
hardly be touched upon now. It is difficult
to reconcile the conduct here set down of
us, cannon-balls tearing the ground up, and Minie
sordid manoeuvrings of Churchmen and poli- balls coming like hail. Still on we went, never
ticians regardingprefermentare really astound- altering our pace, or breaking up in the least, except
ing. Pyle, from his pleasant retreat at Win- that our men and horses were gradually knocked,
chester, comjilacently remarks " These are
: over. Our men behaved well," &c.
the Hinges upon which the affairs of this The letter is dated October 26th, 1854.
world turn. God be praised I have nothing
!
My own recollection is perfectly clear, and I
to do with 'em." am in most respectful accord with these gallant
His connexion with Winchester results in a ofiicers, whose good faith is unquestionable.
great deal of information of much interest "The Light Brigade advance Walk, March,
will
relative to clerical and social matters in the Trot"; the Light Brigade never increasing their
city. The dean and chapter are freely dis- pace after the verbal order to trot had been given.
cussed, the conditions of preferment set down, W. H. Pennington,
and the life of a prebendary described. A
full account is given of the 8,000 Hessians
encamped here and their striking religious THE FIREFLY IN ITALY.
July 19th, 190:;.
services and discipline. On the death of Dr.
Lynch, Dean of Canterbury, in 1759, for The suggestion by the learned Dr. Garnetk
thirty-three years master of the Hospital of of the reason why the Latin poets omit to
St. Cross, where "he lived like a Prince," celebrate the " cicindela " is subtle and most
this preferment was ofl'ered to Dr. Pyle, but interesting, while his apposition of the
declined on account of Lynch's " cryingly opening lines of Pliny xviii. 27 [67],
shameful neglect" of the fabric of that beau- Elzevir ed. of 1735, and the lines he quotea
tiful church and the buildings. from Tennyson, must have taken the readers
He writes of Atterl)ury's successor, Brad- of the Atliennnm of this morning with a
ford, Bishop of Rochester and Dean of West- sudden delight, and the two passages will in
minster, on January 28th, 1701 : future always be indissolubly associated. Which
leads me to suggest, by the way, that Thomas
" Bradford was indeed super-anuated when he
Lovell Beddoes may have been insfiired in hi.s
became Dean. He was so weak in Body 2 or '.\

many of the Lords with the noble figures and
countenances shown later on in Copley's pic-
ture of the death of Chatham. In November,
17.50, it is casually mentioned that "a sly
Scotchman his name is Lord Bute, has got the
length of the Princess Mother's foot and will
soon Out all he don't like." The minute and
accurate information that Is given must have
been a godsend to Samuel Kerrich, oast away
on the sandy dunes of Dersingham.
In March, 1757, died the Primate Herring.
Two days before this event ho shut himself in
his room, and after spending some hours in
burning papers was found speechless, and so
continued to the end. " This Good Prelate
lived 'till he was reduced to the resemblance
of a skeleton covered with Bladder or Parch-
ment, and was, really, a sad sight." In tliis
year the Bishop of Winchester put an end to
the practice of the fellows of New College
years after he was Dean aa not to be able to walk,
as he should do. at the Late King's Coronation. He
by his Office was to carry the Crown on a Cushion,
in the Procession. And lie totter'd so, that had
not two persons voluntarily supported him as lie
went along, he could not have reached ye Abbey.
And who. of all mankind, should these two be but
Wilks and Cibber ye Comedians who had got within
the rails and marched along with those who walked
in Procession. At the Sacrenient he had like to
have pour'd the wine in the Cup into the King's
Bosom."
In 1701 Pyle took part in the procession at
the coronation, "as a king's chaplain jiro-
moted to a dignity." In tliis year died the
"two old Antagonist Prelates," Hoadly of
Winchester and Sherlock of London, and Pylc
settled in his prebendal house. It remains to
add that he long sulTered from gout, and sur-
vived his old friend Samuel Kerrich vicar
of Dersingham, and rector of Wolferton and
phrase for the glowworm, "companion of the
dew," by Pliny xi. 32 [37], where we are told
that "many insects are engendered from the
dew," and the apparent engendering of the
"cabbage-buttertly " from dew is described with
But why should Dr.
all but scientific accuracy.
Garnett go out of his way, (juite unnecessarily
in any suchcase, and in tliis particular ca.se
altogether unjustifiably, to stigmati/,o .Vristotle
andPliny as having "confused the finlly with
the glowworm"? The in.sects are specifically
identical. In Lampyrin nodiluca, while the
male is winged, the female is wingless, and the
" (grub, or maggot), "bambino"
egg, " spectre
(chrysalis, "puppet," or grub), and 'appiri-
tion" (both the developed, or malo i.e., the
")ly"_and the undeveloped, or female -i.e., the
" worm "), are more or less luminous, according
to the situation, woalhur, and climate generally,
'
in which lliuy arc found. In Devonshire the

128
male is often highly lurniiiuus, and no doubt
he is likewise so in the south of France, and
north of Italy and Greece. Some, indeed, speci-
lically identify L. nodihica with L. iUdica of
iJouthern Italy and Southern Europe generally.
It is apparently to the male insect that Shak-
speare refers (' Hamlet, I. v.) :
Tlie ({low worm allows the matin to l>e near,
And 'gins to pale his uueft'ectual iire.
In Cowper's translation of Vincent Bourne's
'
Glowworm it is also the male insect to which
'
reference is made :
'Tia power Almighty bids him shine,
Nor bids him shine in vain.
But in his originalpoem, The Nightingale and
'
the Glowworm,' he obviously describes the
female. Erasmus Darwin also expressly refers
to the female :
You
Guard from cold dews her love-illumined form,
From leaf to leaf conduct the virgin light.
Star of the earth and diamond of the night.
Of course Shakspeare and Vincent Bourne (or
Cowper) may not have rightly discriminated
between the male and female insect.
I am strict to mark all this because from my
lifelong study of classical botany, and agricul-
ture, and trade products, there is nothing of
which I am more convinced than of the
sensitive and keen powers possessed by the
Greeks and Romans for the observation
of the phenomena and productions of nature.
Our own mechanical means of observation have
been wonderfully improved in the past hundred
years, and, as a consequence, the results of
physical research have been much more rapidly
accumulated in modern times than was possible
in antiquity without the aid of printing, steam,
and electricity. But our natural aptitudes for
scientific observation have never been shown to
be superior and in my
to those of the Greeks,
humble opinion are undoubtedly far inferior.
Looking during the closing week over the stan-
dard scientific authorities on the phenomenal
world of insects, I have found them incredibly
dull and depressing, whereas nothing can be
snore fascinating, or in every way more stimula-
ting, than the eleventh book of Pliny's Natural
History,' entirely devoted as it is to the history,
folk-lore, fable, and economics of insects. It is
the very first book that should be put into the
hands of any youth with a strong natural
bias toward entomological studies, and the
*' modern side " of
every public school ought to
be based on a searching entrance examination
in such Greek and Latin writers as Aristotle,
Theophrastus and Aratus, Lucretius and Pliny.
George Bird wood.
July 21st, 1902.
It is possible that Sir David Hunter-Blair
may have had the following passage in mind
when he wrote his letter. I quote from Leigh
Hunt's Autobiography,' chap. xxi.
'
: Charles Dickens,' which is intended to be
"There is no mention of [fireflies] iu the ancient
poets.. .They make their appearance neither in Greek
nor Latin verse, neither in Homer, nor Virgil, nor
-Ovid.norAnacreon, nor Theocritus. The earliest men-
tion of them with which I am acquainted is in Dante
<'Inferno,' canto xxi.), where he compares the spirits
in the eighth circle ot hell, who go swathed in fire,
to the lucciole in a rural valley of an evening
Does Nature put forth a new production now and
then, like an author? Or has the glowworm been
exalted into the firefly by the greater heat of the
modern Italian soil, which appears indisputable?
The supposition is, I believe, that the firefly was
brought into Europe from the New World."
W. Addis Miller.
SALES.
Messrs. Hodgson &
Co. included in their sale
last week the following : Stevenson's Works,
Edinburgh Edition, 29 vols., 37L Pepys's
Diary by Wheatley, 10 vols., large paper,
lU. 15s. Florio's Montaigne, 3 vols., Tudor
Translations, 111. 15s.
Folk-lore Society's
Publications, complete set (except No. 20\ 2'M.
Benj-imin Franklin's Way to Wealth (one'of six
;
THE ATHEN^UM N 3900, July 26, 1902
copies on vellum), 25i. Fenelon, Les Aventures upon the centenary of the birth of Alexandre
do T^Mmaque, with a series of coloured plates Dumas.
by Moitte, 2 vols., 1785, 43i. Naval and To the Cornhill Magazine for August Mr.
Martial Achievements of Great Britain, 2 vols.,
Wilfrid Wilson Gibson contributes a poem
201. British Military Library, 2 vols., 19L 15s.
Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, 2 vols., 17^.
on Queen Averlaine and the Knight
*
Whitman's Masters of Mezzotint, large paper Arkeld.' Humpty Dumpty,' by Mr. H. A.
'
(only fifty printed), IIL Vallance's Art of Vachell, and 'Foreshore Fictions,' by Mrs.
William Morris, 101. 5.s. Loutherbourg's Byron, are short stories. Seasonable topics
Scenery of England and
Wales, IXl. 10s. are considered in The Cricketers' Classic,'
'
Viollet-le-Duc, Dictionnaire de I'Architecture by Mr. E. H. Lacon Watson Lapland in ;
'
Fran^aise, 10 vols., 12L Voragine, Legenda Summer,' by the Eev. G. S. Davies and ;
Aurea, 148G, 201. 10s.
'
The True Ordering of Gardens,' by Mr.
Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge sold
E. Kay Robinson. Four Tarpauling '
week the following
in their three days' sale last
books :Ben Jonson's Every Man out of his Captains,' by Mr. W. J. Fletcher, gives an
Humour, first edition, 1600, 1221. Manning account of the self-made admirals who were
and Bray's Surrey, 1804-14, 18. Whitaker's the life of the navy in the latter half of the
History of Richmondshire, large paper, 1823, seventeenth century. Miss Ina M. White
15L Summula Raimundi, Paris, 1527, 101. contributes '
A
Page from the Past,' based
Ruskin's Modern Painters, 5 vols., 1855-60, on a diary of the enthusiastic Miss Jane
13L 10s. Stones of Venice, first edition, 3 vols.,
;
Porter, the author of The Scottish Chiefs
' '
1851-3, 9L 17s. Oil. Naval and Martial Achieve-
while in a Provincial Letter
'
Urbanus '
ments of Great Britain, 2 vols., 1793-1817, 111.
A JoyfuU New Tidynges of the Goodly Victory Sylvan gently satirizes the Baconian cultus
that was sent to the Emperour from the Noble and the mysterious subtleties which dif-
Capitayne Marequis Delgasto, &c., Botolphe ferentiate Shakspere, Shakespeare, and
Lane, by Jhon Mayler for Jhon Gough, n.d., Shake-speare.
30L Smith's Catalogue Raisonne', 1833-42, Macmillan^s Magazine forAugust has an
37^. 10s. Ulstadius, Coelum Philosophorum,
article by Mr. Marcus Eeed on Mystic '
binding by John Reynes, 1529, 41L Portraits
Marriages,' in which certain developments
des Grands Hommes, &c., de France (one
wanting), Paris, Blin, 19Z. 5s. Knox's Journals of the Feminist movement are dealt with.
of the Campaigns in North America, 1757-GO,
'
The Amenities of Public Life includes '
1769, 8L 15s. Nuremberg Chronicle (imper- extracts from the speeches of famous men
fect), 1493, 101. Frankau's Eighteenth-Century illustrating the subject. Mr. E. E. Vernede
Colour Prints, 1900, 101. lOs. Cartwright's writes on 'The Poetry of Courts and
Admonitions to the Parliament, &c., 1572, Coronations,' and Mr. William Potts on
31L Bacon's Essayes, 1625, 24L 10s. S. T.
'
What was the Renaissance ? * The Mad-
'
Coleridge's Fears in Solitude, 1798, 7i. 15s.
ness of the Mountains is a story of Alpine '
Lamb's Elia first edition, uncut,
(first series),
climbing leading to tragic results the lives ;
1823, 201. 10s. Boydell's Illustrated Shake-
speare, 9 vols, fol., 1802, Ul. 5s. W, Havell's of Deep-Sea Fishermen on the North Sea
' '
Picturesque Views of the River Thames, 1818, are intimately described and Mr. Will H. ;
17^. 5s. Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, first edition, Ogilvie contributes a full-page poem ou
second part, second edition, with the Serious '
The Flame-Flower.'
*
Reflexions, 1719, 245L Voltaire's Works, trans-
The third volume of Mr. Fisher Unwin's
lated by Smollett, &c. 36 vols., 1770, presenta-
"First Novel Library "will be A Lady's
,
'
tion copy from Garrick to Kitty Clive, 221. Mrs.
Anne Killigrew, Poems, first edition, portrait, Honour,' by Bass Blake. The book is a
1686, 40L Dallaway and Cartwright's Sussex, romance of the eighteenth century the ;
3 vols., 1815, 1819, 1830, 26^ Boydell's River action takes place in Norfolk, then in
Thames, 2 vols., 1794-6, 121. 2s. Od. Lawes London, then the Low Countries, before and
and Statutes of the Stannarie of Devon, 1600, after the battle of Oudenarde. The Duke of
&c., 101. 5s. Marlborough figures prominently in the
earlier part of the work.
In September Messrs. Chatto & Windus
Hiterarg ffiosgfp.
will publish a new historical romance by
.
Messrs. Chapman & Hall will commence Mr. H. A. Hinkson, entitled Silk and '
in September the publication of their new Steel.' The story, which is running serially,
"Biographical Edition" of the 'Works of deals with the Great Rebellion as it affected
and was aSected by Ireland.
a library edition at a popular price. It will
Mr. G. B. Burgin will have another
be complete in eighteen volumes, containing novel ready during the autumn season. It
all the original illustrations, which have The Shutters of Silence,'
is to be entitled '
been specially reproduced for this edition and it will be published by Mr. John Long.
from the original plates. The biographical
The Eev. W. Govan Robertson (L.M.S.),
.'
introductions, we understand,
are founded of Kawimbe, Lake Tanganyika, has been
upon material
in hands of Messrs.
the
at work for some years on the language of
Chapman & Hall (who are the owners of
the Awemba (Aba-bemba) an archaic and,
Dickens's copyrights), and will aim at
in some respects, highly interesting form of
giving the story of each book, and its place hoped
Bantu speech. It is that during his
in its author's life, briefly and sympathetic-
coming furlough Mr. Robertson may be
ally. All bibliographical ana will be avoided,
able to lay the results of his studies before
the object being to provide an interesting
the public. |
narrative, unencumbered by machinery.
Some private friends of the late Mr.
The volumes will appear two a month, in
their chronological order. The binding is George Murray Smith have expressed their
to be a special feature, with a full gold sense of his public services in connexion
with the Dictionary of National Biography,'
'
back designed by Mr. W. B. Macdougall,
as well as their own personal feelings to-
and delicate end-papers to match.
wards him, in the form of a memorial tablet,
Mu. Swinburne contributes to the August
which, by permission of the Dean and
number of the Nineteenth Century a poem Chapter, is now placed in the crypt of

N 3900, July
St. Paul's. A portrait of Mr. Smith has
also been presented " to Mrs. Smith for
' this subject when a similar matter was being
her life, on condition that it should ulti-
mately be offered to the National Portrait
Gallery.
Messrs. Macmillax's autumn novels in-
clude Cecilia the Last Vestal,' by Mr.
' be placed in a waggon in the market-place,
Marion Crawford Lavinia,' by Ehoda ;
Broughton; 'The Highway of Fate,' by
Rosa N. Carey a new long story by Eolf
;
Boldrewood entitled The Ghost Camp or,
the Avenger Jan Van Elselo,' by the
;
' of the crowd, some of which reached their
'
Hon. Gilbert and Mrs. Coleridge and B}'
Dulvercombe Water,' by Mr. Harold Tai-
lings. The same publishers will issue in a
quarto volume, with illustrations by the
author, Mr. Kipling's Just So Stories.'
Chambers's Journal for September will
print an article by President Roosevelt,
which deals with The New York Police, '
and was written when he was President
of the New York Police Board. The
article furnishes details as to duties,
pay, and promotion, with some interesting
episodes of police life in New York City.
An article b}' Karl Blind, Swimming in
Peace and War,' advocates greater atten-
tion to the art in the United Kingdom.
Other articles will include 'Town Residences
of Cabinet Ministers,' by Mr. W. Side-
botham; and " Wellington's Great Concen-
tration Camp,' by Capt. the Hon. H. N.
Shore.
'
DuKERY Records being Notes and
Gatherings for Many Years of Nottingham-
shire Ancient History,' is the title of a forth-
coming book by Mr. Robert White, an
octogenarian bookseller. Mr. White's pro-
spectus promises a fine variety of mis-
cellaneous reading. A verbatim reprint of
Thorotcn's book on Worksop and its hamlets;
a copy of Harrison's survey of the Worksop
manor estate, made in 163G for the Earl of
Arundel a catalogue of the fine collection
;
of miniatures at Welbeck two surveys of
Edwinstow made by Joseph Colbeck, 1736
and 1740 a copious abstract of The Forest
; of Statistics of
Book,' relating to the Forest of Sherwood;
and the earliest known perambulations of
the forest, 1218, 1227, and 1300, as well as
the more recent ones these are a few of the
subjects which Mr. White promises.
IxMr.KeganPaul'sinteresting 'Memories,'
published in 1899, there is a passing refer-
ence of satisfaction to the active part he
took in the Agricultural Labourers' Move-
ment of 1872-3, which he supported with all
his heart. Mr. Kegan Paul, who was then
vicar of Sturminster, was the only bene-
ficed clergyman in the whole of Dorset-
shire who gave the labourers the slightest
support. He might have enUvened this part
of his reminiscences by various incidents.
The first occasion on which the vicar
met Mr. Joseph Arch was on the Sunday
before a labourers' meeting at the neigh-
bouring town of Wimborne, when he asked
the labour leader and Mr. J. C. Cox
(now the Rev. Dr. Cox) to stay with him.
At the evening service Mr. Arch and Mr. Cox
read the lessons, when one or two farmers
noisily left the church. After service and
supper there was a discussion in the vicar-
age study on one of the deprecatory Psalms,
when the vicar said " Why, Mr. Arch,
you are a born theologian." More than
twenty years after this Mr. Paul referred to
'
26, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM
the labour leader's orthodox opinions on
discussed by two or three friends in a London
club. On the Monday evening there was a
big meeting of laboui-ers at Wimborne, and
Mr. Paul took the chair. The chair had to
' for no building of any kind could be hired,
which was usually the case throughout the
county. Various unsavoury missiles were
'
;
thrown at the speakers from the outskirts
;
' destination. Mr. Paul bore it all with good
humour and in the quietest of moods. At
the end, as his coat was being wiped down
by some sympathetic labourers, he merely
' said: "I never knew before how much
worse a rotten turnip smells than a bad
The historical element in the alliterative
'
Morte Arthure ' has by no means yet been
exhausted. The Antiquarj/ for August will
contain an article presenting further details
regarding Crecy, heraldry, and the identifi-
cation of Mordred with Mortimer, Earl of
'
March. Still to be worked out is the epi-
sode of the relief of the countess - duchess
and the capture of the rival duke, inter-
preted as alluding to Jeanne de Montfort
and Charles of Blois. Vital to the problem
of the poet's identity is the peculiar vow
of Aungers, King of Scotland (11. 300-3),
which presents verbal identities with the
actual Scottish obligation under treaties of
:
1364-5.
Me. Fisher Uxwin will shortly publish
a volume of stories by Maxim Gorky. The
tales contained in are 'The Outcasts'
it
(which gives the the volume), The
title to
Affair of the Clasps,' and Waiting for the '
Ferry.'
A sufeiciext numberof subscribers having
been obtained to enable the revived PalaiO-
graphical Society to begin work, a pre-
;
liminary meeting will be held on Tuesday
next, at 4 p.m., in the Committee Room
of the British Museum, to formulate the
'
constitution of the society and to elect its
officers.
Mil. F. G. Kexyox
writes
"The Vienna papyrus containing anecdotes
of Diogenes, of which mention was made in the
columns of your last issue, was published some
months ago. It formed Dr. Wessely's contri-
bution to the volume produced in honour of the
well-known Austrian scholar and philosopher
Prof. Th. Gomperz ('Festschrift fiir Theodor
Gomperz,' pp. 67-74)."
The first instalment of
Papyri,' of which we gave some particulars
last November, will be published by Mr.
Henry Frowde in this country and in the
United States in the early autumn. The
papyri were found by Drs. Grenfell and
Hunt at Umm el Baragut in the south of
the Fay urn, and are being edited by them,
with the assistance of Mr. J. Gilbart Smyly.
Mrs. Hearst supplied the funds for the
excavations on behalf of the University of
California, and the volume of Tebtunis
Papyri inaugurates a
'
series of publications
by the university dealing with Egyptian
archaeology. The first instalment is being
issued conjointly with Mr. Frowde }>y the
Egypt Exploration Fund to subscribers to
:
the Grteco-Roman Branch, and it deals
almost entirely with papyri in which croco-
dile mummies were wrapped.
129
Fio.xA Mac'I.euI) intends to publish ia
due course a volume entitled The Magic '
Kingdoms,' upon which she has been inter-
mittently at work for two or three years
past. A few pages of it, indeed, were
quoted in the volume of spiritual studies of
the Gael entitled The Divine Adventure,'
'
published in 1900, in the notes to which
she specifies them as " from an unpublished
book, in gradual preparation, entitled The '
Chronicles of the Sidhe.' " Another book
by the same author, the long-delayed second
volume of verse, will probably be published
during the coming winter season, and in
advance of the fiction upon which she has
been engaged for the last two years.
At
the last monthly meeting of the Board
of the Booksellers' Provident Institution,
Mr. C. J. Longman in the chair, the sum of
106/. 11.s. 8(/. was voted for the temporary
and permanent assistance of fifty - six
members and widows of members.
The late French millionaire, M. Michonis,
has bequeathed a sum of 60U,U0M francs to
the Paris Philosophical Faculty on the con-
dition that the yearly interest is expended
in travelling scholarships to enable French
university students "to study philosophy
and the religious sciences in the universities
of Germany." He has left a further bequest
to the College de France of 175,000 francs.
The interest is to serve as an honorarium
for a German university professor to lecture
and hold classes in Paris.
M. Rkni'; Allaix Targe, who died last
week, combined, like many other French
publicists, politics with journalism. With
Gambetta and Challemel-Lacour he founded
'
the Avenir National and the Revue Pulitique,
two anti-imperialistic papers. He imbibed
much of his fiery patriotism from his friend
Gambetta, in whose cabinet of 1881 he held
the Finance portfolio in 1885 he was
;
Minister of the Interior. He had lived in
retirement for the last ten years.
The Parliamentary Papers of the week
include a Corrected Return
Schools of Science {2d.)\ and Report of the
Commissioners for the Publication of the
:
Ancient Laws and Institutes of Ireland {\d.).
SCIENCE
The Natural History of the British Surface-
feeding Ducks. By J. G. Millais. With
6 Photogravures, 4 1 Coloured Plates, and
25 other Illustrations. (Longmans & Co.)
the *
Tebtunis
Ur to the present time, as the author justly
observes in his preface to this sumptuous
volume, no adec[uate illustrations have been
given of many of the phases of plumage in
the duck tribe, and the reason for this
omission is fairly obvious. There has been
little difficulty in producing recognizable
representations of the adult males in colours,
or even in black and white, and, although
the corresponding plumage of the females
' offers fewer salient characteristics, yet, even
in this case, a clover draughtsman can
generally do justice to the subject. It is
otherwise with the transitional stages result-
ing from consecutive moults, especially
as regards the drakes, which, as moat
people know, assume a dull-coloured garb
suitable for concealment during the summer
months, then gradually pats into winter dross,
 ;
130
and Bubsequently attain the full beauty of
their nuptial plumage towards early spring.
These allusions to seasons must be taken
approximately, for climatic and other con-
ditions exercise considerable influence, and
moulting generally takes place later in
Scotland than in England but, to speak
; rule " among birds in general are more fre-
broadly, the drake of the common mallard
begins to show appreciable signs of moulting
towards the end of June, and drops his
flight- feathers almost simultaneously in
August, when for about a fortnight he seeks
safety by skulking among the reeds with
which his ''eclipse" colour assimilates.
To these sequences of plumage and all their
intermediate grades, as well as to the life-
history and natural economy of the ducks,
Mr. Millais has devoted his attention for
many years, not only in association with
sport in Scotland and elsewhere, but also on
undisturbed lakes, such as those in the
Duke of Bedford's park at Woburn Abbey,
unrivalled for its assemblage of waterfowl,
wild as well as pinioned. The result is a
truly magnificent work, but the profusion
of illustrations renders it too costly an
affair for many students of ornitho-
logy. This is much to be regretted, because,
apart from these pictorial embellishments,
the letterpress is in itself so valuable
that it deserves to be widely known,
and although the work without the
expensive coloured and full-page plates
would be shorn of half its beauty and
part of its utility, yet even so a cheaper
issue would supply the proverbial half-loaf
to many a worthy lover of nature. For the
descriptive powers of Mr. Millais are com-
mensurate with his draughtsmanship, and
even veteran ornithologists as well as sports-
men may derive much benefit from the
experiences of this practical observer.
Naturally the first place in the work is
given to the mallard, for this is not only the
best-known species of duck in the British.
Islands, but has also been fostered of late
years in some suitable localities in the north
of England and in Scotland, to such an
extent that the birds can be driven over
carefully posted guns and afford excellent
shooting. South of the Sol way drainage
and cultivation are not so conducive to
large "bags," and "flighting" is as much
as can be expected but everywhere the
; our opinion, of all the British ducks, and,
beneficial result of a close time for ducks
becomes manifest annually, and about half
a dozen species are far more widely dis-
tributed during the breeding season than
was the case ten years ago, while their
numbers are greater as a rule.
In some districts a nucleus has been
formed by turning down pinioned birds in
the hope which has been justified that
their offspring would remain or return in
spring. Such has been the case with
that "aristocratic" duck, the gad wall, in
Norfolk ; but we are surprised to be told
by Mr. Millais that " only one or two pairs "
now breed on a well-known estate in Norfolk
where far more were to be found nesting
only a few years since. That the number
of the garganey or "summer - teal"
said to breed in that county has been
exaggerated we are willing to believe
but it is a remarkable fact that persons who
are well acquainted with the birds of the
two species are liable to make a slip of the
tongue or the pen with regard to their
THE ATHEN^UM
vernacular names. In the chapters devoted
to the wigeon and the shoveler it is
mentioned as exceptional that the males
of these species find mates while still
in immature plumage but the exceptions
; bill sometimes conveys the impression of a
to what Mr. Millais speaks of as the " strict
quent than he seems to imagine, and if it
were not that the older and stronger males
drive away the adolescents before the assump-
tion of the toga virilts, such instances would be
better known. Where males preponderate
it is common to see a female shoveler
with two drakes in constant attendance, and
on Loch. Spynie Mr. Millais noticed that in
nearly every case one of the drakes was in
immature plumage, reminding those who
have not forgotten their Byron of an allusion
to Southern customs in Beppo.' The author
'
suggests that this association may be attri-
butable to the fact that " the male shoveler
has more regard to the welfare of his family
than any of the surf ace- feeders," and is
therefore devoid of the jealousy shown
by the mallard drake under similar con-
ditions. Eeverting for a moment to the
garganey, Mr. Millais emphasizes its affini-
ties in habits with the shoveler but its
;
flesh, is inferior, and is even coarse at
times when other surface-feeding ducks are
good. This may be owing to the food,
which, consists of small fishes and aquatic
beetles, with little of the vegetable matter
which conduces to the excellence of many
ducks, as in the case of the celebrated
" canvas-back " of America but, be this as
;
itmay, the garganey was not found estim-
able for the pot-au-feu even at Fashoda.
As regards the teal a very superior bird
the usual coloured illustrations of
phases of plumage are followed by a beau-
tiful full-page plate in which the brown-
headed gulls shown in the act
are
destroying the young of this smallest
British ducks. It asserted that this is
is
the work of only a few individuals, but
there is ample evidence that these de-
trimental practices are common to all
species of gulls except the purely
marine kittiwake, and sportsmen who
prefer ducks, not to mention grouse,
to gulls must accept the warning. Last
comes the pintail, the most elegant, in
taken all round, the best for the table.
Much, of course, must depend upon its recent
food, but we have never tasted an insipid
pintail, while the wild cross between this
species and the mallard more frequent in
North America than on this side of the water
is of superlative excellence. The illus-
tration of the nuptial display of the pintail
drakes is one of the most beautiful plates in
the work.
It has been stated already that the chief
object of this book is to trace and to
illustrate the moulting of ducks, but a
critical notice of this would require more
space than can be accorded, and would,
moreover, be very technical. Mr. Millais
holds some views about the actual change
of colour in the feather which are not
accepted by American ornithologists, and
the Atik will probably have a few words
on this vexed question. We
will content
ourselves with thanking him for a valuable
work, illustrated by Mr. Thorburn and him-
self, and provided with a good index. In a few
N3900, July 26, 1902
cases the author seems to have viewed birds
with eyes which differ from those of other
people, and an exaggeration of the con-
cavity of the upper mandible of the duck's
hinge which can have no existence. But these
are trifling mannerisms, and the author is
to be congratulated on the completion of
a labour of love which has extended over
many of the best years of his life.
If he will now undertake the diving
ducks we shall have the very best of mono-
graphs on the British Anatideo, and by the
time that this is completed we have little
doubt that he will have modified some
of the views he has enunciated on the
subject of the genera which are usually
accepted by modern systematists. But
whatever may be his conclusions upon these
subsidiary matters, we may certainly count
upon life-histories of the birds themselves
written from wide personal acquaintance.
History of Geology and Pakeontology to the
End of the Nineteenth Century. By Karl Alfred
von Zittel. Translated by Maria M. Ogilvie-
Gordon, D.Sc, Ph.D. (Walter Scott.) If thia
work had been confined, as was originally in-
tended, to a history of geology and palseontology
in Germany, it is not likely that it would have
attracted an English translator. The Historical
Commission of the Royal Academy of Sciences
of Bavaria, wishing to include a volume on
geology in their Geschichte der Wissenschaften
'
in Deutschland,' entrusted the work many years
ago to the late Prof. Julius Ewald, of Berlin,
Declining health, however, caused the prepara-
tion of the volume to be delayed, and on Ewald's
death his unfinished manuscript was destroyed.
its
The Commission then turned, naturally enough,
to the brilliant occupant of the Chair of Geo-
logy and Palfeontology in the University of
Munich. Prof, von Zittel, notwithstanding his
of varied activities in many directions, was induced
of to undertake the task, and determined to treat
his subject in a more liberal way than had
been at first suggested. Instead, there-
fore, of an isolated history, he has given
us a connected account of the work of all
geologists who have contributed to the substan-
tial progress of their science, irrespective of
nationality.
On the appearance of Zittel's work in 1899 as
a volume of the 'Geschichte,' it was inevitable
that so useful a book would appear sooner or
later in an English guise. Its translation could
hardly have been entrusted to more capable
hands than those of Mrs. Ogilvie-Gordon. Some
years ago, as Miss Ogilvie, she had the advantage
of working under the guidance of the great
palaeontologist of Munich, and it was in his
laboratory that she carried out those researches
on madreporarian corals which formed the sub-
jectofan important paper published by theRoyal
Society in the Philosophical Transactions.
The book drops into two parts. An 'Intro-
duction,' extending to more than one hun-
dred and fifty pages, sketches the history of
geological opinion in all ages. Such scant know-
ledge of geology as the .nations of antiquity
possessed is briefly setforth then thebeginnings
;
of scientific geology are traced next, the history
;
of the " Heroic Age " is sketched and finally
;
the newer development of the science is touched
upon. The heroic age embraces the periodi
from 1790 to 1820 the age of Werner and
Hutton and William Smith. By far the greater
part of the volume is occupied not with the
general historical sequence, but with the story
of the development of the several branches of
geology, each treated separately six chapters
;
dealing successively with the progress of science
in its cosmical, physical, dynamical, petro-

N" 3900, July 2(5, 1902
graphical, palfeontological, and stratigraphical
phases. In the original work there is a long
section on topographical geology, in which the
professor deals rather fully with the growth of
our knowledge of the geology of Germany, and
touches but lightly on that of other lands. This
section has been wisely omitted in the transla-
tion, and some other parts have been, with the
author's approval, judiciously abridged. The
original has no illustrations, but the translation
contains, as a frontispiece, an excellent por-
trait of the author, whilst a dozen other
portraits of scientific men are distributed
through its pages.
The Report of His Majesty's Astronomer at
the Cape of Good Hope (Sir David Gill) for
1901 has been received, its date being Janu-
ary 31st, 1902. The 24-inch object-glass of the
telescope presented by Mr. Frank McClean,
which had been returned to Sir Howard Grubb
for correction on October 31st, 1899, was
received on February 16th, 1901, and after a
series of experimental tests definitely accepted.
The instrument is, therefore, now complete and
in use it was originally hoped that this would
;
be the case in the year of the Diamond Jubilee,
whence it was called the Victoria telescope. An
inscription stone has been placed in the north-
west front of the observatory, in accordance
with the instructions of the donor of this muni-
ficent gift on the occasion of his visit to the
Cape in 1896 this stone was unveiled
;
by the Governor (Sir W. H. Hutchinson) on
September 10th, 1901, and the inscription is as was thus brought
follows :
1897,
The Victoria Telescope.
The Gift of Frank McClean,
of Kusthall, Kent.
David Gill, H.M. Astronomer.
The work connected with the erection and have wished for more anecdotes concerning
adjustment of the new transit circle has been him.
considerable, but is now approaching comple-
tion; there are several novel points in the
manner in which it is housed and fixed. Some Devil sends nephews for I have got
improvements have been effected in the helio-
raeter, which (originally erected in 1887) had to
be dismounted to be cleaned and thoroughly
overhauled. Meridian observations were con-
tinued with the old transit circle ; the equa-
torial have been in constant use, and steady
progress has been made with the Cape portion
of the astrographic survey of the heavens, the
completion of which seems likely to occupy a
much longer time than was originallyanticipated,
as extensive designs which have to be distri-
buted into portions generally do. The work
carried on by Sir David Gill and his staff has, how- stranded
ever, by no means been restricted to that at the
observatory. The geodetic arc of meridian has has a few stories, some of which are already
been extended to the Zambesi, and the opera-
tions for the Anglo-German boundary survey
are in steady progress. The termination of the
war will, of course, facilitate greatly the work
of the geodetic survey of South Africa, and
all must rejoice that this is in such
energetic
hands.
Prof. Joskf Fischer, the geographical his-
torian, of Feldkirch, has printed his "crowned "
treatise upon the discoveries of the Normans
in America. He has not only subjected to a
severe critical examination the earliest reports
and traditions concerning the settlement of the added " I should call that picture my dead
jS'ormans in Greenland and their advances to
America, but, following the example and pre-
cept of Xordenskjold, Prof. Fischer has him-
self made "a journey of exploration amongst
the libraries," as he says, in Rome, Florence
Modena, Pans, Brussels, Nancy, Munich, and
Innsbruck, in search of old
cartographic
materials. He has come upon two totally
unexpected finds in the library of Prince
Waldl)urg-\Volfegg at Schloss Wolf.-f/f,. Hi Turner to Campbell's poems. lie had, how-
first discovery was a new (the
third known)
THE ATHEN^UM
illustrated manuscript of Ptolemreus, with a contract which left him liable for the expense
hitherto unknown Greenland map by Donnus
Nikolaus Germanus (146t)). His other important
discovery at Schloss Wolfegg was a work known
to all geographical scholars by repute, but
hitherto sought in vain, the twenty-four folio-
paged world-and-sea map of the cosmographer
Martin Waldseemiiller (of the years 1507 and
1516), which contains not only the name
" Amerika," introduced by Waldseemiiller, but
also a representation of the discoveries of
Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci. Both these
discoveries open out an entirely new per-
spective. A facsimile reproduction of this
cartographic treasure (of which a thousand
copies were originally printed, and all of them
assumed to be utterly lost) is shortly to be pre-
pared by Prof. Fischer and Franz Ritter von
Wieser in Innsbruck.
We note the publication of the Report on
Admiralty Surveys for the Year 1901, by the
Hydrographer (price 2d.).
FINE ARTS
The Renwiiscences of Frederick Goodall, R.A,
(Walter Scott Publisliing Company.)
Mr. Frederick Goodall' s Reminiscences'
' it's ower clean,"
begin as far back as the thirties of the last
century. His father was the well-known
engraver Edward Goodall, who reproduced
a number of Turner's vignettes, occasionally,
as we learn from the present work, intro-
ducing figures of his own design. The son
in his youth into connexion
with Turner and with Samuel Rogers, who
took a kindly interest in him. Rogers must
have had a wider understanding of art and
a more cultivated taste than most of the
patrons Mr, Goodall discusses, and we could
The most amusing is that of his
advice to young men to marry, " because,"
he said, " if God sends children, I know the
; a
damned lot always prowling about to see
whether I am breaking yet."
Of Pugin, who was a great friend of his
father, there is an amusing story. In
order to make drawings of some build-
ings at Oxford he hired a horseless
carriage to stand in the street, but while
he was engaged on his work a crowd
of undergraduates wheeled him some
miles out into the country and left him
there. Of Turner, the greatest
figure in his father's circle, Mr, Goodall
well known. The incident of an interview
brought about by the elder Goodall between
his Quaker uncle and Turner is, we think,
new. The Quaker was taken to see Turner's
gallery in Queen Anne Street, and was
looking without any emotion at the Build-
*
ing of Carthage ' when Turner entered.
The Quaker said: " Mr. Turner, my nephew
tells me that thou vainest that picture very
highly," And on Turner's telling him that
he had refused 1,500 guineas for it he
: supper on the stage of the Criterion Theatre.
stock. It costs just 75 guineas a year to
keep that picture on thy walls." To this
Turner retorted finely that he only had a
life interest in it.
It is pleasant to find yet another instance
of Turner's kindliness recorded here. Mr.
Goodall's father had undertaken to engrave
plates from some projected illustrations by
oven in the burning of the Royal Exchange,
ever, signed without realizing its import a
;
131
of the whole undertaking, a risk which he
was wholly unable to face. The only way
out of the difficulty was to persuade Turner,
who, we suppose, had not yet contracted with
the publisher, not to execute the drawings.
Turner, who was to liave received 7()() guineas,
at first objected, but, seeing the distress of
the Goodall family, finally agreed to this
somewhat strange compact.
Of Wilkie, Mr. Goodall has the highest
opinion, and perhaps the two best stories in
the book relate to him. Wilkie was attend-
ing on the Duke of Wellington to receive
payment for his Chelsea Pensioners.'
'
The
Duke began carefully counting out notes to
make up the 1,200 guineas, when Wilkie
suggested that a cheque would save his
Grace much trouble, " What " exclaimed !
the Duke. "Let Coutts's clerks know what
a damned fool I have been to spend 1,200
guineas on a picture." The other is that
when Clarkson 8tanfield once asked Wilkie
on varnishing day what one of his pictures
wanted, he replied " Weel, it wants dirrt
:
But, for the most part, it must be admitted
that Mr, Goodall's reminiscences lose in in-
terest when he leaves the circle of his father's
friends and comes to his own. He must either
have met unimportant people or only have
observed them in a superficial way. Of his
own patrons in early days Mr. Wells of
Redleaf was the chief, and at Redleaf where ,
Mr. Goodall often visited, the influence of
Landseer was paramount. With him, and
with such artists asMaclise, Stanfield, Faed,
and with Millais when once he had got rid of
any serious purpose, Mr. Goodall felt himself
in easy sympathy. His taste was formed in
the forties of the last century, and his mental
attitude throughout is precisely that against
which the Pre-Raphaelite movement rose
up in vehement protest. From these remi-
niscences one would not suspect that any
such upheaval had ever disturbed the even
flow of academic complacency. Dante
Rossetti is never once mentioned, and for
Mr. Goodall Millais is the painter of Chill '
October,' 'Cinderella,' and 'Cherry Ripe,'
while Ruskin is reproved for not having so
broad a view of art as Rosa Bonheur
!
The whole book reflects with perfect sin-
cerity and no misgivings the oflicial English
view of art, Mr, Goodall's easy optimism
has never been disturbed ; from the very
first he had unqualified success. To him
a popular picture is a good one, and the
highest honour an artist can attain is to
have a railing and a policeman in front
of his picture at the Academy, Art was
for him a pleasing and fairly lucrative
profession, which carried with it the
advantage of the esteem and regard of
such eminent critics as Mr. and Mrs. Glad-
stone, Sir .John Pender, and Col. North.
The last actually bought a picture at a
"I think," adds Mr, Goodall, "I may
safely say that such an incident has never
happened on any other stage." For Mr.
Goodall all is for the best in this best of all
possible worlds : he finds the modern illus-
trated papers admirably done he welcomes
;
the assistance photography gives to the
artist in representing scenes ho finds good
;
which be witnessed, since it brought about

132
the ennobling of the City by the present
handsome edifice and has given encourage-
ment to art, for have not Mr. Seymour
Lucas and Mr. Chevallier Tayler received
commissions to paint therein decorative
panels? and "had it not been for this fire
this encouragement would not have been
possible." Nevertheless, he finds that " fire
is a good servant, but a bad master," and
warns the municipalities of the United
Kingdom that "it behoves those who are
responsible for the public safety to leave
nothing undone to increase the adequacy
and discipline of their Fire Brigades."
Mr. (foodall makes bold to confess his
incapacity for games, but finds amusement
and relaxation in gardening, wood carving,
and the " art of making fireworks." Of
intellectual effort, of feeling for poetry, art,
or music, he gives us no hint, though we
learn that he has always been a devoted
"first-nighter" and is an admirer of the
scenic effects of the modern stage, particularly
in the matter of varied illumination. But one
leaves the perusal of these reminiscences
with a feeling of admiration for the equable
good temper which has enabled this veteran
artist who used once to read the Times news-
paper by moonlight in the Egyptian desert
and listen to Mr. Carl Haag playing " Meet
me by moonlight alone " on a zither under
the shadow of the Sphinx to write so cheer-
fully of all that he has seen and experienced.
One rejoices that his industry was rewarded
so promptly and constantly by popular
appreciation, and that his geniality has
never been warped by the anxieties of
thought, or his complacency disturbed by
the ambition for imaginative creation.
TAVO CATALOGUES,
Cataloque of the WorJ:s of Art bequeathed to
the British Museum hij Baron Ferdinand de
Rothschild, M.P., 1S98. By Charles Hercules
Read, Keeper of the Department of British and
Mediseval Antiquities and Ethnography. (British
Museum.) The most obvious portion of the
Waddesdon bequest is formed by the remark-
able group of silver plate, in which German
ewers, salvers, flagons, standing cups and covers
many coming from collections as famous as
the Seilliere or the Spitzer succeed each other
in number out of all proportion to the one or
two works of French or English origin which
are lost in the crowd. Amongst the " jewels "
we find the same noticeable disparity five or
:
six French, a couple of English, one Italian, to
over forty pieces of German, Dutch, or Flemish
origin. France, however, claims a series of
over thirty enamels, all having their origin in
the art of Limoges, the finest and most inte-
resting specimen amongst these being a reliquary
in taille d'eparcjne or cham'pleve a work executed
late in the twelfth century, resembling those
exhibited some years back at Limoges, and
admirably described and reproduced in the
work of the late M. Leon Palustre. The re-
mainder of the series are all of the well-known
types produced by various artists in the sixteenth
century. Amongst these there is one plaque
(No. 20) of unusually fine colour. It repro-
duces, as Mr. Read does not neglect to note,
a woodcut from the pages of Grieneisen's
Virgil, which represents the departure of
^neas from Carthage. The art is the art of
Limoges, but the scheme of colour shows
Italian influence. White is the centre, spread
by the pennons of the ships in harbour, relieved
on a ground of rich green, broken by blues and
purples, enhanced by foil, and balanced by
golden browns. This fine piece bears no signa-
THE ATHEN^UM
ture, and offers therefore a convenient field for
conjecture. The same may be said of the large
panel framed in modern enamels, and composed
of fifteen plaques.
The stamp a crowned
P. L.
which is associated with the Penicaud
family, is here to be found on the central panel
and on all the smaller ones which are not
modern, but the painting seems obviously the
work of two hands. Fresh difficulties, there-
fore, may have to be met concerning this
mysterious stamp, which is to be seen shining
through the clear enamel applied to the back of
work by Jean Penicaud I. and Jean II., and
which is conjectured to exist under the opaque
coating always employed by Nardon Penicaud,
and sometimes by Jean I. All the objects of
the be(^uest will be found admirably described
and reproduced in the scholarly catalogue pre-
pared by Mr. Read, which shows in every divi-
sion not only special knowledge, but just
appreciation. As he does not fail to tell the
reader, the truly beautiful things
in every
respect worthy of the Museum
which have been
left us by Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild are
the two superb Greek heads which formed the
handles of a funeral litter, 280 B.C. These are
indeed so fine that they militate against our
enjoyment of the jewels and the plate, in the
selection of which the late owner was not always
guided by a fine taste.
Catalogue of Early Christian Antiquities in
the Departuient of British and Mediceval Anti-
quities of the British Museum. By O. M.
Dalton. (Printed by order of the Trustees.)
As Mr. Dalton reminds us in his introduction,
the so-called Christian antiquities of the British
Museum are widely scattered, the fine col-
lection of Gnostic gems which illustrates one
of the most curious phases of early Christianity
being in the Egyptian Department, while "an
extensive collection of Byzantine leaden seals"
is kept among the MSS, Those which belong
to the department in which Mr. Dalton is an
assistant are, however, important enough to
merit a catalogue to themselves, and the pre-
sent handsome and well - illustrated volume
seems admirably fitted for its purpose. Among
the objects here depicted one notices the carved
ivory said to be one of the leaves of a diptych
representing the Archangel Michael standing
at the top of a staircase, holding in one hand an
orb with a jewelled cross and in the other a
wand, but wearing no nimbus or other attribute
of sainthood save a magnificent pair of feathered
wings. It is said to be Byzantine work of the
fourth century, but, save perhaps for a dispro-
Greeks as " the Cretan Zeus," but in his original
portionately large head, the figure bears no trace
of the stiftne.ss and conventionality we are
accustomed to couple with the name. As Mr.
Dalton reminds us, however, Byzantine art was
not confined to Constantinople and its neigh-
bourhood, and work that we call Byzantine
was often executed in Syria, Asia Minor,
or Egypt, receiving in each case some of
the characteristics of its country of origin.
Then there
is a curious ivory representing a
fisherman drawing a fish from the water with
a rod and line, which, coupled with Clement of
Alexandria's recommendation of the fisherman
as a Christian emblem, shows how very literally
the metaphor about being " fishers of men " was
taken by some of the successors of the Apostles.
Very curious, too, is the Medusa head from
which spring, like spokes of a wheel, seven
serpents. This is identical in motive, though
not in treatment, with one in Maestricht Cathe-
dral, figured in C. W. King's 'Handbook of
Engraved Gems.' Although there described as
the seal of St. Servatius, it is without doubt
Gnostic in origin, while the legend, "Lord,
help the wearer " shows that it was used as an
! The
amulet or 'porte honheur without appealing
, tional ability, justly lays stress on the regular
specially to Christian belief. Equally non"^
Christian in intention seems the ivory box or
jewel-case with a scene said to represent the
birth of Apollo, although Mr, Dalton brings
forward some reason for thinking that it may
N3900, July 20, 1902
have been used as a pyx. The same thing
may be said of the fibuke in the form of a
crossbow, of which there are many examples in
the collection, and the four well- modelled silver
figures, once gilt, representing thecities of Rome,
Constantinople, Antioch, and Alexandria, which
Mr. Dalton thinks were made for ornaments for
the ends of the poles of a palanquin or sedan-
chair. These last, like many of the principal
objects here described, come from the Esquiline
treasure, which was evidently buried during*
one of the barbarian invasions of Italy, and
was once part of the Blacas collection, secured
for us so far back as 18GG by the care of
Lord Beaconsfield. A gem, unfortunately
broken, contains some odd figures which seem
from the inscription to have had something to do
with the cult of Apollonius of Tyana, who is
said after his death to have been worshipped by
the pagans as a kind of Antichrist and a large
;
pottery bowl has, besides the head of the
Saviour, portraits of Constantine the Great and
his unfortunate wife Fausta. It is altogether a
very interesting, though, of course, not complete
collection, and Mr. Dalton's description of the
plates leaves nothing to be desired on the ground
of accuracy. We wish, however, he had provided
a little more information on such subjects as,
for instance, "marriage rings," which are here
so styled without anything to tell the unin-
structed how it is known they were used in
marriage ceremonies, or how to recognize them
in future. We notice, too, that there is omitted
from this catalogue the curious alabaster (?) box
decorated with figures like those given in Von
Hammer's 'Baphomet,' and there said to illus-
trate the secret mysteries of the Templars. It
was formerly in the Blacas collection, and used
to have a place in the Nuseum galleries near the
silver figures of cities mentioned above. We
should have been glad to hear Mr. Dalton's
opinion about it.
THE "labyrinth" AND THE PALACE OF
KNOSSOS.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, July 20th, 1902.
Catalogue of
The reviewer of Dr. Head's '
the Lydian Coins,' your issue of July 19th,
in
concluding sentences that
implies in
I had
his
wished to confine the double-
axe attribute to Zeus, and points out that on
Lydian coins it is associated with a sun god.
My own contention has been throughout that
in Crete the double axe was, in part at least,
associated with a divinity, known, indeed, to the
character essentially a sun or light god. In a
monograph on Mycenpean tree and pillar cult
communicated to the Hellenic Society in 1900
I brought forward a variety of evidence, chiefly
derived from the designs on signet rings, of
the which that from the Mycente treasure is a
conspicuous example, to show that the cult of
the double axe was associated with a widespread
Mycenpean worship of a god and goddess, whose
symbols were respectively the sun and moon, I
further pointed out that
Phrygian, the
" in Mycenffian religion, as in the later
female aspect of divinity predominated, fitting on,
as it seems to have done, to the primitive matri-
archal system. The male divinity is not so much
the consort as the son or youthful favourite,"
A trace of this is still seen in the later tradi-
tions of Rhea and the Cretan Zeus.
The suggested connexion of lahrys, which
Plutarch informs us was the Lydian name for
the double axe, and the Carian ZeusLabraundos,
or Labrandos, with the Cretan Labyrinthos,
was independently arrived at on philological
grounds by Max Mayer and by Kretschmer.
latter, acomparative philologist of excep-
change of the -nd forms of the Anatolian pro-
vince with -nth in pre-Hellenic place-names of
the Greek area. In support of this relationship
it may be pointed out that the earliest archfeo-
logical strata of Crete show distinct aflinities
 N"3900, July 26, 1902
with those of primitive Anatolia. On the other
hand, the mythological connexion of the Cretan
and Carian Zeus was traditionally preserved in
the names of the Curetes. The name of one,
Panamoros, is simply a variant of the indi-
aenous name of the Carian Zeus Panamaros.
The name of another, Librandos, speaks for
itself.
The "double axe," a? I ventured to suggest
in the monograph referred to, was itself an
object of worship, as the " b;\3tylic" form of the
divinity with which it was associated. On a
Myceniuan gem impression from East Crete,
found by Mr. Hogarth, votaries are actually seen
in the act of adoration before it. In the same
way among the Alans a naked sword stuck in
the ground stood as the visible impersonation
of the God of War. It is thus probable that
names like Labranda are to be taken in the most
literal sense, as indicating the place of the
" Labrys " or sacred double axe, rather than as
derivatives from the epithet of the local "Zeus."
In excavating the great " Minoan " Palace of
Knossos I was struck by the prominent position
occupied by the double axe among the signs
upon its blocks. It is much more frequent than
any other sign. It occurs in several cases by
openings of entrances and passages. It is the
distinguishing mark of the largest existing hall.
It is constantly repeated on the blocks of two
jjillars in two small adjoining chambers on the
west side of the palace, which, as we now know,
formed the supports of the two columns of the
principal raegaron of this quarter. Several of
the other signs found on the palace blocks, such
aa the spray, the star, the cross, and the trident,
are of kinds which in later times appear as
religious symbols, and it is possible that all
these marks, like the dedications on the bricks
of Babylonian buildings, may have fulfilled the
function of consecrating the material. That in
m iny cases they were afterwards covered with
plaster does not affect this argument. Con-
sidering the exceptional sanctity of the double
axe in Myceniem Crete, as evidenced by such
finds as the hoards of votive axes brought to
light in the axe sanctuary of Zeus and Rhea on
M:)unt Dicta, its pre-eminent position on the
pilace blocks might well suggest a religious
motive.
Was there here, then, an archjeological con-
firmation of the identification, already made on
philological grounds, of Labraundos and Laby-
rinthos ? Was it possible that this vast building,
with its tortuous passages, not only represented
theLabyrinthof local tradition, but also explained
the origin of the name ? Have we before us, in
fact, a palace not only specially marked by the
*'
Labrys " symbol, but which had once actually
enshrined a cult of the double axe and its
associated divinities ?
The affirmative conclusion already suggested
to me by the results of the first year's explora-
tion at Knossos was confirmed by the discovery,
during the second year's campaign, within the
palace, of Mycenfean vases with painted figures
of double axes of a specially votive character.
The fresh discoveries, moreover, confirmed the
view that though a male divinity was also repre-
sented, at times in warrior guise, on the signets
and seal impressions of the palace, the most
prominent place was taken by a goddess, who,
from her lion-guardians, might be regarded as a
prototype of the later RheaCybele, though in
other aspects of her personality she seems to
approach the Cretan Aphrodite, Ariadne.
It may interest your readers to learn that the
most recent result of my this year's Knossian
campaign a result in its completeness, indeed,
only brought out by the last day's work was thn
discovery of a palace shrine, the character of
which must set at rest for ever any doubts as to
the existence of the cult of the double axe and
its as.sociated divinities within the "House of
Minos."
Alreadj' in the central chambers at the
eastern side of the building there had come to
THE ATHEN^UM
light a series of objects illustrative of this palace
cult. A gem found here exhibits the goddess
holding a double axe above her shoulders.
Seal impressions showed in turn the same
symbol between the horns of a bull, and four
others symmetrically grouped. Two small
votive double axes of bronze, with remains of
gold plating, were also found, and near them
part of a fresco painting showing a border of
small medallions with small double axes within
them.
But the crowning discovery was the shrine
itself,with the idols, cult objects, tripod, and
vases of offering in position as they were left at
the time of the final destruction of this part of
the palace in the late Mycentean period. On a
raised base at the end of this small sanctuary
stood two pairs of sacred horns ritual objects
known already from representations of Mycen;ean
shrines on gems and frescoes, but never hitherto
found in their place. These were formed (jf
painted stucco, and between the horns of each
was a socket for the wooden handle of a double
axe, such as is seen rising between a pair of
similar sacred horns on a painted sarcophagus
found in Eastern Crete, and again on a
Mycenjean vase from Old Salamis in Cyprus.
Against one of the horns a small votive double
axe of steatite was leaning. Beside the horns
were painted terra-cotta idols of semi-anthropo-
morphic type, cylindrical below. They were
of the female aex, but there were also male
figures, apparently votaries, one offering a dove.
The whole result of the excavations at
Knossos has been to bring out in a remark-
able way the underlying element of truth in
ancient tradition. In the exquisite works of
painting and sculpture which in certain lines
carry the art of prehistoric Crete beyond any-
thing that was achieved till the days of the
Italian Renaissance we have now true know-
ledge of what was dimly associated with the
name of "Dtedalus." On the clay documents,
which carry back the knowledge of writing a
thousand years, we may possess perhaps actual
excerpts from the laws of "Minos." To see in
the great building itself the actual prototype of
the legendary Labyrinth is, in itself, little more
than a corollary from these results. Such an
identification, indeed, has been described in
print within the last few days as a piece of
"fantastic childishness." But "the proof of
the pudding is in the eating." When step by
step the theory of the palace cult of the double
axe has been fully established by the discoveries
made, and the derivation of the name put for-
ward by competent philologists has been thus
confirmed in a remarkable way by arch;ological
methods, the identification of palace and Laby-
rinth must at least cease to be regarded as
a "vain imagining." The vast edifice itself,
extending over five acres of ground, with its
intricate succession of chambers, its winding
passages, and complete network of subter-
ranean ducts, fits in well with the grim tradi-
tions of the spot. The huge figures of bulls on
the walls in particular the circus scenes, in
which girls as well as youths are seen grappling
with the charging monsters may well have
supplied a dramatic touch to the story of the
Athenian captives. On gems and seal impres-
sions from the site of Knossos figures of the
Minotaur himself, bovine in his upper limbs,
have come to light. But in this connexion one
of the latest discoveries made is not the least
interesting. In a corridor on the east side of
the palace was found a decorative wall-painting
consisting of a series of mazes or complicated
meanders, and supplying in a fuller form the
prototype of the Labyrinth on the later coins of
Knossos. Artuuk J. Evans.
SALES.
The collection of engravings belonging to the
Due d'ArenV)erg was sold by Messrs. Christie
from the 14th to the 17th inst. The following
were the principal prices : The Fruit Barrow,
133
by J. R. Smith, after H. Walton, l',7l. Col. St.
Leger, by (Jainsborough Duj)ont, after Gains-
borough, 2\H. G. de Brisacier, by A. Masson,
after Mignard, 04^. His Own Portrait, by H.
(ioltzius, oOl. The Three
Crosses, by Rem-
brandt, 3'M. Eauxfortes sur Paris, by C.
Mt'ryon, complete set, 200/. Entri^e du Cou- ;
vent des Capucins ji Athenes, and Chenonceau,
by the same, 521. The Engraved Work of Van
Dyck, 08L The Engraved Work of Van Ever-
dingen, 150/. The Etched Work of A. van
Ostade, 621.
The remaining works of the late Benjamin
Constant were sold by the same firm on the
19th inst. Study for the Portrait of Lord
:
Dufterin, 147/. Judith, 105/.
; Portia, 147/. ; ;
The Funeral of the Emir, 105/.
Mr. Harry Furniss is holding an exhibition
of cartoons at the Woodbury Gallery, New Bond
Street. The show has a special interest at the
present time, as most of the drawings have
reference to Lord Salisbury and his lengthy
Parliamentary career.
The sale of water-colours has been good this
year. Out of 254 drawings the Royal Water-
Colour Society, which closed last Saturday, sold
!)5, while the Academy have so far succeeded
in selling 73 out of 252 drawings. As the Aca-
demy have only sold 17G out of a total of 1,726
exhibits, the water-colour sales are out of all
proportion to the rest. This comparison is
interesting, if only from the fact that for several
years the opinion has been held that bad times
are in store for water-colour artists.
The death of Gustave Vanaise, the well-
known Flemish artist, is announced.
was He
born at Ghent in 1854, and, after travelling in
various parts of Europe, lived in Paris for some
years, sharing a studio with Jan van Beers,
Lambeaux, and other Belgian artists. He
exhibited at the Salon regularly for some years.
He eventually returned to his native country,
where he achieved great success, and had been
one of the leading artists for many years past.
The " Salon des Gobelins " will be one of the
chief artistic attractions of Paris this .summer
and autumn. The exhibition, which opens on
August Ist and closes on November 1st, will
illustrate the history and progress of Gobelins
tapestry during the last 300 years. It will
occupy the Grand Palais, and some very fine
specimens will be hung. Those of the Louis XIV.
period will include ' L'Histoire du Roi,' ' L'His-
toire d'Alexandre,'Le Triomphe de.s Dieux,'
'
by Lebrun 'L'Histoire de Constantin,' by
;
Poussin and Lebrun and L'Histoire de '
;
Moise,' after Mignard.
Mr. William Fo.ster's Descriptive Cata- '
logue of the Paintings, Statues, &c., in the India
Office,' is the beat "official" catalogue that we
remember to have seen. It describes fully the
various objects of art with which the student
is most concerned, in addition to giving bio-
graphical details. Mr. Foster's foot- notes are
both thorough and interesting. The things
to be seen are various, some clearly of a very
high artistic order, whilst others would perhaps
be best described as antifjuities. The first entry
in the catalogue is oi a full-length life-size por-
trait of Warren Hastings, painted late in life ;
the name of the artist is unknown. It is prob-
ably the whole-length painted by Romney in
1795 (see the Rev. John Romney's 'Memoirs'
and was bequeathed to
of his father, p. 237),
the East India Company by William Larkins in
1800.
We are glad to hear that the 40,000/. neces-
sary for the complete repair of tlie famous
mosque of Sultan Hassan at Cairo will bo
provided by the Caisse do la Dette, and that
the first instalment for immediate use has
already been paid to the, Coimnittee for the Pro-
sersalion of the Monuments, whose architect,

184
M. Herz Bey, carry out this important
will
work. Her/. Bey's sumptuous volume describing
and illustrating this superb moscjue, which was
published a couple of years ago, and was largely
instrumental in drawing general attention to
the imperative need of preserving the building,
has been translated into Arabic by Ali Effendi
Bahgat.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
OOVENT Gardes.' Don Giovanni ' ; Miss Smytli's
Wald.'
St. George's Haix. Royal Academy of
Performance.
Mozart's Don Giovanni was performed
'
' ground while the little human tragedy is
at Covent Garden on Saturday evening.
This masterpiece has, as usual, been placed
at the end of the season, but after hearing
Italian opera, ancient and modern, and even
Wagner, its greatness becomes more and
more manifest. And yet, though Mozart's
dramatic instinct was strong, the conventions
of his day were, unfortunately, still stronger
had he lived after Wagner he would have
written differently, and not given the artists
and the public those convenient opportuni-
ties for interrupting the drama by applause
and encores. The performance was excep-
Mesdames Litvinne and
tionally good.
Suzanne Adams were excellent as the
donne Anna and Elvira, while Friiulein
Scheff succeeded fairly well as Zerlina. M.
Renaud, one of the best Dons on the stage,
was well supported by Signor Pini Corsi as
Leporello Signor Caruso, the Don Ottavio,
; book was written and the work performed
was not quite in his element. M. Gilibert's
Mazetto is always amusing, though per-
haps he makes just a trifle too much of the
part. Signor Mancinelli conducted.
Last week, in noticing Mr. Bunning's
'La Princesse Osra,' we expressed the
opinion that the composer would do well to
free himself from the Wagnerian methods.
Yesterday week Miss Smyth's Der Wald
was produced at Covent Garden, and in it
the influence of the Bayreuth master is
strongly felt, both in the letter and the
spirit of the music. Yet we would not
proffer the same advice. There is a marked
difference between the two composers the
one seems to have adopted that method, the
other to have been brought up on it to the
one it is a fashion, to the other a necessity.
Miss Smyth's music is homogeneous through-
out there are no traces of the old Adam in
; somewhat thankless part. The piece was
The composer's
it. individuality, it is true,
is now hidden, but in time, as snow which
has kept the ground warm melts away and
exposes to view the growing spring flowers,
the influence of Wagner should disappear
and the real character and strength of the
composer's gifts be revealed.
Miss Smyth has been her own librettist,
and her simple story is of two peasants,
Eoschen and Heinrich, who love each other.
They are about to be married the villagers
congratulate the happy bride, and all give
vent to their feelings in dance and song.
As Wagner in Die Meistersinger,' so here
'
Miss Smyth infuses into her music a true folk
spirit. Suddenly the horn of lolanthe, the
presage of misfortune, is heard. This
woman, a compound of Carmen and Kundry,
tempts Heinrich to abandon Eoschen, but in
vain. He prefers death to dishonour by
her order he is slain, and Eoschen, with a
cry of despair, falls on his corpse. This
' ; ;
THE ATHEN^UM N3900, July 26, 1902
small forest tragedy not told, however,
is nerian prelude before the curtain rises
for its own sake. A choral prologue, sung ought be considerably curtailed.
to The
by Spirits of the Wood sacrificing in a last piece of this triple bill was Maeterlinck's
glade to Pan, tells of the transient nature '
The Death of Tintagiles,' with able musical
of things human, and contrasts them with accompaniment and interludes, composed by
A. von Ahn Carse. How far the tragedy is-
the quiet working of the eternal forces of
nature. This solemn song, in strains which improved by continuous music is open ta
faintly and not inappropriately recall serious question. At times it seems in
Brahms's Schicksalslied,' is heard again
' the way, at others, as in the second scene^
as an epilogue. We learn therefrom that most effective. The scoring is good. The
the librettist views the world and the interludes, of vague character, are unneces-
men and women who live in it as if sarily long. The conductors during the
'
Der all were a puppet-show. The story has afternoon were Messrs. F. Corder and A.
a philosophical meaning, and yet, as in von Ahn Carse.
Music Students'
:
Wagner, that meaning is kept in the back-
being told. Miss Smyth's work is in one BEETHOVEN AND CLEMENTI.
act, and altogether takes about an hour and The edition of Beethoven's biography by
first
a quarter in performance. The gradual ten- Anton Schindler, published at Miinster in 1840^
dency to increase the length of operas dates mentions the agreement between Beethoven and
from the days of Eoesini and Meyerbeer, and Muzio Clementi, dated April 20th, 1807, a copy
of which was found among Beethoven's papers..
Wagner followed suit. With the new Italian Ludwig van Beethovens Leben,'
In Thayer's '
school there came a Anyhow, for
reaction.
vol. iii. pp. 10-11, are to be found the full con-
;
composers who are comparatively new to the tentsof this agreement. The worksfor which Beet-
stage, brevity is an advantage. Even in hoven was to receive the sum of 200L were the
'
Der Wald,' short as it is, the appearance of three Rasoumofi'sky Quartets, Op. 59, the Fourth
Count Eudolf near the close offers a moment Symphony, the Coriolan Overture, the Violin
' '
of weakness. His song is undramatic Concerto, and the same arranged for pianoforte.
interest centres in Heinrich, not in the man The sum was not large, but four months after
they had been sent to England Beethoven was-
whom lolanthe ceases to love the latter
at liberty to negotiate with French and German
;
is a mere figure, and excites no sympathy.
With regard to this agreement with
publishers.
Had the work been longer, that small, Clementi, who was acting for the Collard tirnx
weak spot might have grown and seriously in London, there is nothing actually new in the
marred the picture. 'Der Wald we '
letter, of which a facsimile of the first page is-
give it its German title seeing that the given, but the exceedingly graphic account of
the interview with Beethoven, written only two
in that language
was received with great days after the signing of the contract, will b&
read with no little interest. Clementi appears
enthusiasm. Miss Smyth well deserves her
to have first made the acquaintance of Beethoven
success, and we feel sure that she is too
Vienna in the year 1804. We are told by
at
intelligent to imagine that she has produced
Ries (' Biographische Notizen,' p. 101) that
an epoch-making opera good and clever ; Beethoven, hearing of his arrival in Vienna,
as it is, we regard it only as a stepping- wished at once to call on him, but was dissuaded
stone to higher things. We
must not omit therefrom by his brothers some time, in fact, ;
to mention the orchestration, which shows elapsed before they actually spoke to each other.
'
something more than skill in it there is Clementi died five years later than Beethoven,,
;
fancy, romantic colouring, and a strong yet as composer he was really a predecessor.
sense of contrast without any patchiness. The Italian master wrote his famous three
Op. 2, in the very year in which Beet-
The performance was excellent. Mile. sonatas,
hoven was born, and before the latter pub-
Fremstad, who through illness has scarcely lished his Op. 1, in 1795, Clementi had won
been heard this season, gave a dramatic European fame both as composer and pianist :,
: impersonation of lolanthe she has a fine the letter, therefore, is doubly interesting. Cora-
;
voice and uses it effectively. Frau Lohse posers as a rule do not properly appreciate their
; and Herr Pennarini represented the lovers great contemporaries. Weber's remarks con-
Herr Blass, a Pedlar and Mr. David cerning Beethoven himself offer apt illustra-
;
Bispham, as Eudolf, made the most of his tion. Clementi, who no doubt was conscious-
of his own merits, seems, however, to have been-
fully aware of the greatness of Beethoven.
admirably mounted. Herr Lohse conducted.
The letter of which the first page is given
A
musical and dramatic performance of here forms one of a set of eight which have
considerable interest was given by the most kindly been placed at our disposal by
students of the Eoyal Academy of Music at Sir Cecil Clementi-Smith, a grandson of Muzio-
St. George's Hall on Tuesday afternoon. Clementi. They are all written, and in excel-
First came an operetta, in one act, by the lent English, to his partner, F. W. Collard the ;
sister and brother, Eleanor and Harry earliest bears the date August 17th, 1803, and
Vienna, is merely marked
Farjeon,two former studentsof the Academy. the latest, written from
September, but from internal evidence the year
They are both talented. Two years ago their
was 1809. This last letter also refers to the
Eegistry Office was successfully produced. Beethoven- Clementi document, and from it we
'
'
;
Their new venture is entitled A
Gentleman learn a fact unknown to all Beethoven's bio-
'
on the Eoad.' The libretto is amusing, but it graphers viz., that two years and a half after
ends in rather a weak fashion. The music the signing of the document there had been no
is of light character, and some of the con- settlement with Beethoven. The delay is not
certed pieces are very bright. The pot- easy to explain ; it seems, however, to have been
pourri overture is too long. The second caused by some miscarriage or crossing of letters
piece was 'The Moon-Slave,' a Terpsichorean when Clementi was away in Italy. Clementi in
the last letter acknowledges the receipt of a-
Fantasy in one tableau, founded on a tale
large sum from Collard, but, not knowing to
by Barry Pain, written and composed by which of several letters written by him it is an
; Paul Corder, son of the composer Mr. F. answer, he asks for further explanation and
Corder. The music is decidedly clever and for a speedy settlement with the master. The
effectively orchestrated, but the long Wag- debt no doubt was then soon discharged. This^
 ;

N3900, July 26, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 135

knowledge of the delay throws a light upon

i certain statements made by Beethoven, and

certain acts of his during the years 1807-8.
For details concerning this matter, and for
extracts (with comments) from the other
letters, we refer readers to an article entitled
'dementi's Correspondence,' which will appear
1^ in the August number of the Mouihhj Musical
/^. ^>^ri^/Xy^/JL^^. Record. In addition to the eight letters men-
tioned we have had four more placed at our
disposal by another grandson of the composer,
the Rev. Herbert Clementi-Smith two in :

t- e^ 1804, written from Leipzig and Berlin, the third
from Berlin in 1805, and the fourth from St.
Petersburg in 180G, all of which are noticed in
the Record article all four are also written in
;

English.
a:^ ^ X:-
^ <_ ^^--_ .{<^ :--2iU, In the course of a long life Clementi probably
had a large correspondence. The Collard
house no doubt possessed many letters, but
through a disastrous fire some fifty or
sixty years ago all the books and papers
belonging to the firm were destroyed the ;

twelve letters mentioned must have passed

into the hands of the descendants of Clementi
previous to that event. A short letter written
._. ^J^rUO aC.r^ ^^^'^ ^^^r--i-^ -v.-^
i2c..c -'^-^-i
by Clementi to Messrs. Breitkopf & Hiirtel in
1807, in reference to the very works mentioned
in the Beethoven-Clementi contract, is the only
one of dementi's letters, so far as we are aware,
which has aj^peared in print (in La Mara's
-#? ^^ .x.x>i^^ -jz::^/^ ^."^/iCzJ^ '
Musikerbriefe '). It is, indeed, fortunate that
the twelve under notice have been preserved.
The fine, full signature at the foot of our fac-
simile is taken not from the letter itself (in
which dementi did not sign his name in full),
but from another one of the set.
/6 ,^.:r- <<;,_^
jv^
|<rw<->- ^> yr^->- ;2 i'*' :f //xi^ r^^'c^^ . ^-
>4
A MEETING and non-pro-
of professional
fessional was held at the Royal
musicians
Hotel, Edinburgh, on July 17th, with Dr. James
as chairman, when an address was presented to
Prof. Niecks, expressing sympathy with him in
his plea for the establishment of a Scottish
Music School. The Edinburgh professor is to
prepare a scheme, and then another meeting
will be held to discuss the way of putting it
i^^ri^^U
-
^'- ^*A into efi"ect.

The 20th inst. was the hundredth anniversary

of the death of Giuseppi Sarti, a contrapuntist
and composer of note in his day, and the teacher
of Cherubini. His music is forgotten, but he is
now remembered for having criticized the
wonderful Adagio of Mozart's great Quartet in
c, and a passage in the Allegro of that com-
poser's Quartet in d minor. "Ever since
barbarians," he wrote in his Esame Acustico '

fatto sopra due Frammenti di Mozart,' "have

intruded themselves among composers, we have
been visited with certain passages which truly
make us shudder." From the days of Monte-
verde there has always been a Sarti ready to
shudder at the bold harmonies of any new
genius and it will probably be the same in the
;

future.

^. ^ .- "st-^^J^ ^=^sfSi:^ ;.<^^^ "Sr .,^iy^ ^ ^^^4<-

Du. Caul Reinecke, who has been connected
with the Leipzig Conservatorium for over forty
years, has resigned his post as Studiendirektor
and teacher. Owing to the mourning for the
.:::> '^- ...eii- king, a farewell festival in his honour has been
-<2.^
postponed.
The death is announced of the well-known
!'
composer Heinrich Carl Hofmann. He was
born at Berlin in 1842, and studied under
Grell, Dehn, and Wiierst. He wrote operas
(' Der Matador and Arnim,' 1872 ' Aennchen
' '
;

-*v'.-
von Tharau,' 1878 Wilhelm von Oranien,"
;
'

1882 and Donna Diana,' 188(1) choral works

;
'
;

('Die schone Melusine,' ABchenlmJdol,' &c.) '

a Frithjof Symphony, suites, chamber music,

' '

part-songs, &c.
T)iE death is also announced of Benjamin
Bilse, the once famous conductor, born at
Liegnilz in 1810. In 1884 he withdrew from

136
Jictive life. The Emperor bestowed on him the
title of Hofmusikdirector.
The Allgcmcine Mnsik-Zeituiui of July 4th
gives an account of an interview with Richard
Strauss by a member of the stafl' of the Nene
Freie Presse. The composer had much to say
about his manner of composing and about new
compositions (two symphonic poems and a set-
ting for soli, chorus, and orchestra of Uhland's
ballade Taillefer ') at which he is working, or
'
rather on which he is meditating. He spoke
of Dr. Elgar as follows: "An Englishman,
Edward the Lower Rhenish
Elgar, came
Festival and gained a hearing for his oratorio
'The Dream of Gerontius.' With that work
England for the first time became one of the
modern musical states. Up to now England
has always received German music without
giving us anything in return. Now for the first
time an Englishman has come to the Continent
who deserves to be heard." The praise awarded
to Dr. Elgar is well deserved, yet he is not the
only English composer who deserves a hearing
in Germany. To speak only of the past, there
were the great English masters of the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries, whose works will
bear comparison with anything then produced
in Germany.
of .July 13th states that a new
Le Menestfd
(a third) opera by Siegfried Wagner will be
produced at Leipzig next season also that an
opera, entitled Servilia,' by Rimsky-Korsa-
'
koff, and one, Nikita Dobriniez,' by a young
'
and unknown composer named Gretchaninoff,
will be produced at St. Petersburg during the
winter season.
The Klinger statue of Beethoven has been
bought by the city of Leipzig for the sum of 13,000i
Carl Goldmark, the distinguished composer,
according to Le Menestrel of July 20th, objects
to the representation of Beethoven with naked
figure, and asks in what way this can add to the
personification of the great master.
PERF0HMANCE8 NEXT WEEK.
MON. Royal Italian Opera, C'ovent Garden.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Garrick. Les Deux '
Slcoles,'
Par Alfred Capus.
The
lesson, if such it can be called, that
is taught by M. Alfred Capus in his new
comedy, 'Les Deux Ecoles,' produced in
March at the Varietes, and given on Monday
last at the Garrick, had been sketched in
the Eosine of the same author, played on
' '
June 2nd, 1897, at the Gymnase Drama-
tique. That lesson is that in the case of
marital infidelity, when the offence is not
too flagrant, the wisest woman is she who
shuts her eyes and pretends not to see.
"Mon ami," says, in effect, Madame
Helion to her husband in 'Eosine,' "je
sais que vous m'avez trompee, vous'ayant
fait suivre a Paris. Je n'ai rien dit je
vous ai laisse tranquille.
qu'il ne se passe rien ici
etre ridicule." In 'Les
Madame
Joulin, the
says to her daughter Henriette
"y a deux ecoles, celle des 'yeux ouverts
II
et celledes 'yeux ierm4s.' J'ai pratique la
seconde avec ton pere, je m'en suis bien
trouvde car il s'imagine que j'ai eu des illu-
sions et n'ai pas vu ses frasques."
In consequence of neglecting
counsel Henriette Maubrun all
to grief. No very stern moralist is, how-
ever, M. Capus, and the punishment
.
THE ATHEN^UM N-'.SOOO, July 20, 1902
awarded his heroine is no more than County Council. It is doubtful whether these
a woman may bear. Having caught her can be made or whether the Lyceum will con-
husband almost in flagrant dclit, Henriette, tinue to be numbered among London theatres.
It would add greatly to public comfort if the
who worships him and knows him to be one
Council when dealing with theatres would extend
of the best fellows in the world, makes so
its attention to the auditorium, and insist upon
much fuss that in the end she obtains a the means of access to the seats being sufficiently
divorce. At the time when the action enlarged to be reconcilable with decency. This
virtually begins she has got rid of him, is not written a propos of the Lyceum alone,
and even receiving the attention of a
is though that house is an ofi'ender as regards the
gi-ave and distinguished magistrate who space between the rows of stalls.
aspires to be his successor. All the penalty The jubilee of Mr. J. L. Toole's appearance
to enforced is that the heroine shall have to on the stage unfortunately finds that popular
win her husband over again, an easy task, comedian in a state prohibiting the hope of
since Edouard Maubrun worships the ex- further delight from his performances. In
wife whom he has wronged through inability his retirement in Brighton Mr. Toole was the
to say no. Not too convincing is the manner
recipient of many compliments and honours,
including a vi.sit from his attached and faithful
in which the recapture is brought about.
friend Sir Henry Irving.
At a restaurant husband and wife occupy
Betsy,' the adaptation by Sir Frank Cowley
'
neighbouring tables. The latter is flanked
Burnand of Beb^,' has been once more revived
'
by her parents and the new candidate for at Wyndham's, with Mr. James Welch as Mr.
her hand the former is accompanied by the
;
Dawson and Miss Kittie Loftus as Betsy. The
mistress with whom, since his wife's depar- best piece of acting was the Birkett of Mr.
ture, he has sought consolation. Not the Alfred Bishop.
happiest conditions these, it might be
At the Borough Theatre, Stratford, Mr. Dan
thought, to bring about a reunion. They Leno appeared on Monday in Mr. Wix of '
suffice, however, and when on the arm of Wickham,' a comedy written especially for hira
the magisterial lover Henriette leaves the by Mr. Herbert Darnley.
room, like Alexander she Mr. Robert Loraixe takes this evening at
;
Sighed and looked, sighed and looked, the Shaftesbury the part of the more criminal
Sighed and looked, and sighed again. of the peccant husbands in 'There and Back,'
previously played by Mr. Charles Hawtrey, who^
In the end a play that begins in divorce after a holiday, will revisit America before re-
ends in a second marriage. Before this is appearing in London.
brought about many highly comic and enter-
Miss Gertrude Kingston will appear during
taining, if rather risky scenes have delighted
the early autumn at the Comedy Theatre iri
the audience. With M. Capus movement Mr. G. D. Day's '
A Woman of Impulse.'
and vivacity do duty for wit, a respect in
The next novelty in which Miss Annie
which he stands to the dramatists of the day Hughes be seen in London
will likely to be is
much as Colley Cibber stood to those of 'Mrs. Willoughby's Kiss,' by Mr. Frank
the Eestoration. His characters are well Stayton, a piece new to London, though it was
drawn, moreover, with just the suggestion given on May 2nd, 1901, in Brighton. After
of caricature that adds humour to portrai- that she will appear as Cigarette in a rendering
ture. Les Deux Ecoles proved accord-
'
'
of Ouida's Under Two Flags.'
'
ingly the sprightliest and the most popular Two plays are being written for Sir Charles
of the entertainments that the season now Wyndham's management by Mr. Henry Arthur
moribund has witnessed, and was received Jones. One is intended for Sir Charles himself,
with shouts of applause. the second for Miss Lena Ashwell.
For this result an admirable interpreta- Mr. Lewis Waller is said to be negotiating
Comedie en Quatre Actes.
tion was largely responsible. As the wife for temporary possession of the Imperial, at
undertaking the reconquest of her husband which he seeks to produce the new rendering of
Mile. Granier showed once more her
'
Ruy Bias by Mr. John Davidson.
'
capacity to depict a woman of the world Mr. W. E. Adams, who is preparing a.
with no special attribute of distinction or volume of the autobiography of James R.
refinement. Madame Marie Magnier, an Anderson, contemporary and rival of Macreadj?
admirable actress, and Phelps, and one time lessee of the Theatre
was unsurpassable as
Royal, Drury Lane, would be obliged for the
the wife who proves herself an expert in the
loan of any letters, reminiscences, or photo-
treatment of masculine depravity, and Mile. graphs of the old tragedian which his friends
Lavalliere exhibited with remarkable skill may have retained. All loans will be carefully
and a trifle of exaggeration a pretty, saucy, acknowledged and promptly returned. Com-
and vulgar cocoite, in some respects a twin munications should be addressed to Mr. Adams,
sister of Sophie FuUgarney in 'The Gay care of the Walter Scott Publishing Company ;>
Lord Quex.' The M. Le Hautois, conseiller Felling-on-Tyne.
ffHat, of M. Guy was a masterly presenta-
tion of pompousness and assumption. M. To CoBRESPONDENTS. C. K. J. C. M. W. B. received^
;
Mais j'entends Brasseur was comic and debonair as the W. T. Thanks.
offending husband, and M. Numes, whose W. L. Q. Already published'
;
je ne veux pas
name as it appeared on the programme was No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
Deux Ecoles'
scarcely to be recognized, was superb as the
mother of the heroine,
:
heroine's father. q^HB ATHEN^UM.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS.
'
.1. d.
5 Lines of Pearl 036
73 (Half-Colnmn) 1 16
.,
A Column 330
In his address on Saturday afternoon last, APage 9 9
when the Lyceum closed with a representation Auctions and Public Institutions, Five Lines 43., and 8d. per line of
Pearl type beyond.
this maternal
of the Merchant of Venice,' Sir Henry Irving
'
announced as the principal feature in next IN THE MEASUREMENT OF ADVERTISEMENTS. CARE SHOULD-
but comes BE TAKEN TO MEASURE FROM RULE TO RULE.
year's season M. Sardou's drama on the subject Adyertisements across Two Columns, one-third extra beyond the-
space occupied, the first charge being 30s.
of Dante. Very important structural changes
JOHN C. FRANCIS,
in the Lyceum have been insisted upon by the The Atheneetun Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
 :

N^SGOO, July 26, 1902 THE ATHENAEUM 137

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NEW CANTERBURY TALES. aims, which it seems determined to achieve in.

By MAURICE HEWLETT. The FIGHT with FRANCE for scholarly and attractive fashion."

NORTH AMERICA. By A. G. BRADLEY,

The TIMES says:
Author of 'Wolfe.' A New Illustrated Edition.
" Such a new departure is certainly designed to-
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By JULIAN STURGIS. With 450 Illustrations. 42i.
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net. THE ANCESTOR.
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLl'^ & CO., Limited, Westminster.


138 THE ATHEN^UM N3900, July 26, 1902

" Learned, Chatty, Useful." Athenoeum.

" That delightful repository of forgotten lore, '
Notes and Queries.' "
Edinburgh Review, October, 1880.

Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price id. ; or free by post to the Continent, 4JcZ.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
*^* Subscription, 10s. Zd. for Six Months ; 20s. Gd.for Twelve MontJis, including postage.

The Eighth Series of NOTES AND

QUERIES, complete in 12 vols. (JANUARY, 1892, to DECEMBER, 1897), price 10*. 6d. each Volume,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies, Articles of Interest on the following Subjects,

SECOND SELECTION.
ENGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH HISTORY. POPULAR and PROVERBIAL SAYINGS.
Wreck of the Grosvenor
Gunpowder Plot Sons of Harold " Leaps and bounds " First catch your hare " Gondola of
"

Heart Burial Henrietta Maria's Maids of Honour Henry VII.'s London Grass -Widow Halifax Law "Hand of glory"
Title to the Crown Henry VIII. and Bells of St. Paul's " Hear, hear " !
" Let us walk down Fleet Street " " Lungs of
Legitimist Jacobite League John of Gaunt's Pedigree London."
Abp. Juxon and Charles I. Battle
of Killiecrankie Lord Salis-
PHILOLOGY.
bury on Small Maps Pre-Reformation Markets on Sunday
English Royal Marriages Mary, Queen of Scots Member of Gemmace " Geology First Used Ghost Names Gingham
"

Parliament, the Title. Golf Good-bye Grammersow La Grippe Haggis

Gnoflfe
Hagoday Ha ha Handicap Harrow Henchman Hoodlum
-
'BIOGRAPHY. Humbug Split Rime " Iron
Infinitive Idiom
to " Italian
Gainsborough's Father and Mother Goethe and Smollett Jessamy Jigger Jingo Jubilee Larrikin Lay and Lie

Death of Claverhouse Lady Mary and Lady Katherine Grey Leary Leyrestowe Lilac Luce Madam or Mistress

Gundrada de Wareune Nell Gwynn Lady Hamilton John " Maisie hierlekin Marish, Biblical Word Maunder Pro-
"

Hampden Lord Mayor Harley Lowell on Hawthorne An nunciation of Mexican Names Michery=Thieving.
Early Vaccinator Joan of Arc Dr. Johnson on Oats Charles GENEALOGY HERALDRY.

Lamb as a Ritualist Hannah Lightfoot's Marriage Macaulay and

Gartur Arms Genealogical Searches Hatchments in Churches

and Robert Montgomery Flora Macdonald Lockhart on Maginn
Malone and Shakespeare's Bust Cardinal Manning's Birth Angels as Supporters Anomalies in Heraldry Arms bequeathed

by Will Label in Heraldry Shamrock in National Arms

Marlowe's Death Cabot's Ship the Matthew Mohammed's
Coffin Burial of Sir John Moore.
Supporters of English Sovereigns Heralds' Visitations Herons'

Plumes The Label Manx Arms Military Banners.
BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY. FINE ARTS.
Gammer Gurton's Garland ' Garden of the Soul
' Gaule's Stained Glass England
' Mag-astro-mancer

'Gentleman's Magazine' Motto Gibbon's
'
'

Grinling
Portraits of
Gibbons's
Warren Hastings
Carvings
R. Haydon Hoare of Bath
B.
in

Neglected Books
Goldsmith's "Padoreen" Mare 'Grand Hogarth Holbein's 'Ambassadors' Holman Hunt's 'Scape-
Magazine of Magazines' Gray's 'Elegy' Poem by A. H. goat' Angelica Kauffmann Keats Needlework
Portraits of

Hallam Author of Imitatio Christi '
Original of Bracebridge'
Pictures H. H. Masons' Marks Miserere Carvings.
Hall Junius's Letters
Keble's 'Christian Year' Lyly's J. JMartin

* Euphues School and College Magazines

'
Rattlin the ' ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
Reefer George Meredith's Poems ' Million of Facts
'
Moliere '

Golden Rose Greenstead Church Haliwell Priory, Shoreditch
and Shakespeare.
Hanwell Church Our Lady of Hate Early Headstones
POPULAR ANTIQUITIES
First Burning for Heresy in England High Ercall Church

and FOLK-LORE.

Horse Skulls in Churches Host eaten by Mice Church near
Games in Churchyards
Garlands for Personal Adornment

Royal Exchange Martin's Abbey, Somerset Miracle Plays in
Garlic to falsify the Compass Ghost Miners Best Ghost Story Fifteenth Century
Miraculous Statues Mitre and Cope.

Gloves and Kisses Good Friday Graal Legends Hanging TOPOGRAPHY.
in Chains Herring Pie for the King The Horkey King's Evil

Wedding Knife Latter Lammas Luck Money Stone that
Gosford Isle of Wight, its Governor or Governess Haddon
Loveth Iron
Mandragora Marriage Customs
May Day
Hall Haggerston Icknield Way
Leper Hospitals in Kent
Customs Moon Lore. Lincoln's Inn Fields
Vanishing London.

IPOETRY, BALLADS, and DRAMA. MISCELLANEOUS.

Archangel Gabriel and the Drama Garrick and his Wife 'The
Austrian Flags at Acre and Gibraltar Hugo and Aldebaran
Beggar's Opera in Chancery' God save the King ' God save

" White Fryers " in Ale Alphabet-man America, its Name
'

Queen ' Green-Room Handel and the Harmonious Black-
'
American War of Independence
Animals as Thieves and
the

'

Burglars a nstey Hat

Knuckle-bones First Steamship to
smith '
Harlequin John Heminge M ountfort's Murder
'Home, Sweet Home' "Jesu, Lover of my soul" "Drink to cross the Atlantic
" Ardd Kirk" Whisky Austrian Lip
me only with thine eyes "Edmund Kean Comedies by Duke
One-Pound Notes Bathing Machines Great Beds Evolution
of Leeds
Liston as Paul Pry Longfellow and the of the Bicycle
Last Survivor of the Black Hole !~<edan Chair
Blacksmith '
Malebolge Author of the ' Marseillaise.'
Village '

Rain at Cherra Poongee Curious Christian Names Twenty-
four-hour Clocks
Dead Body arrested for Debt Lady Duellists
CLASSICAL SUBJECTS. Artificial Eyes
Extraordinary Fields Fire put out by the
Greek Anthology " Judaeus Apella "Pronunciation of "Huic"

Sun First Giraffe in England Post Office Grammar Gretna
"Humpty Dumpty" Latin Macaronic Latin " Maligna
in
" " Hie
Green Marriages The Guillotine Hats worn in the House of
lux" "Fiat voluntas Dei et alubris."
Commons Lemon Sole Invention of Lucifer Matches.

Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.G.


;

N3900, July 20, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 189

NOTES AND QUERIES. THE ATHENiEUM NOTES AND QUERIES.

Joarnal of English and Foreign Literature, Science,
(NINTH SERIES.) The Fine Arts, Music, and The Drama.

THIS WSSKS y UMBER eontains:

The A THENJBUM for July 10 contains Articles on
SIR HARRY JOHNS'lON on the UGANDA PROTECTORATE.
GENERAL INDEXES.
NOTES : " Cornboto " in Harbour's Bruce Landor
on Sinking
'

The VARIEIIES of RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE.

BirdsThackeray and Homa^opathv- Hoping against hopo "
Shakespeare Allusions Boudicca its Pronunciation - Writing :
The HOUSE of PERCY.
Lessons on Sand Sale of the Old Prince of Wales's Theatre EARLY HISTORY of the FRENCH In NORTH AMERICA.
"From the lone shieling Scott's NVoodstocW Schoolboys' "

The HOLYHEAD KOAD.

Rights at Weddings lam Knave of Clubs Born ou the Field of NEW
'Waterloo.
NOA'ELS : 'The Conqueror; 'The Eveshams The Searchers-.
The I-ate Returning My Lady Piggy goes to Town The Diamond ;
;

;
THE FOLLOWING ARE STILL IN
QUERIES:- References 'Wanted Hodgskin' pass through I shall of Evil; Prophet Peter; Scud.
this
Governors
worl Peasley. Beesley. &c.-C"apt Morris's Wife Spearing
of l"ublic Schools" Charley In Popular Kimes '
ANTHROPOLOGY and FOLK-LORE. STOCK:
'Xorth-West Fox from the North-West Passage,' Iti'LI-Gounod
AFRICAN PHILOLOGY.
Duke of Brabant Legend of Lady Alice Lea Hutler's Ercwhon' RECENT VERSE. . s. d.
Kings-taper-" First love is a rank exotic "Almond Tree and
Old Age Black Hole of alcutta Last Survivor Rockall Austria
i :
PALESTINE and the JEWS.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE : Papers from the 'Saturday Review';
GENERAL INDEX,
and the Isle of Man Lady Elizabeth Percy. History of Trinity Hall From the Fleet in the Fifties; ; The College
.student in the United States An .Anthology.
REPLIES : Bruce and Burns Snodgrass Cipher-Story Bibliography-
Napoleon's First Marriage .^Iourning Sunday Dirly Old Man '
Likenesses of Jesus Iron Duke-" In an interesting condition"
' LIST of NEW BOOKS.
CROMWELLIAN ARMY; The FIREFLY
;

FOURTH SERIES ... 3 3

The DISBANDING of the
German Letters Comic Annual 'Crossing Knives and Forks
'
in ITALY; A QUESTION of FACTS; ROBERT CROMWELL
Silhouettes of Children Greek Pronunciation Gender in German The HOUSEL Of EARTH "; The LIVRE D'HEURES of the
'

and Russian "Ote-toi de 1:\." &c. Clittbrd-Braose- Aut 'gniph DUKE of CLARENCES M0THE11IN-L.\W The MARRIAGE GENERAL INDEX,
Morley " Barracked" Quant Lime-tree
;

Cottage l.ady and BURIAL CEREMONIES of the OLD PERSIANS; SALES.

Baronets of Nova Scotia Papal Provisions May Cats- Hour of
Sunday Mornin? Service Dutch Refugees in London Ye gods '- Auo
LITERARY GOSSIP.
and little hshes; "Hebrew Incantations " Returning thanks."
NOrES ON BOOKS: 'Nevr English Dictionary '-''rhe Encyclopa'dia
SCIENCE : Natural History .Vnthropological Notes Gossip. ; ;
SIXTH SERIES ... 6
Britannica,' \o\. III. FINE .4R'TS: .Art History and Biography; Greek Coins; Miss
Williams's Copies of Velasquez; Oxford Topography; Sales;
Notices to Correspondents. Gossip.
MUSIC: 'La Princesse Osra'; Studies in Music; Gossip; Perform- GENERAL INDEX,
ances Next Week.
Tne yrMBER for JVLV 19 fO(i>is . DR.\MA : La Veine Two Plays Gossip.
SEVENTH SERIES
'
;

...0
'
;

ltOTES : The Craftsman on Chess Bacon-Shakespeare Dunwich

' '
6
or Dunmow a Bishop's See Of Alley "Motherland" " Cur-
mudgeon "" Coke " Hiddenite Young's 'Night I'honghts' The A THENMVMfor July 12 contains Articles on
Comic Scotch" Wedgewood." MR. C. H. FIRTH on CROMWELL'S ARMY.
QUERIES Lowell Quotation Monastic Sheep-farming- Lambrook
Stradlinff-" 'I'ressher "Byron's Hust Pronunciation of O Dic-
CONTENTIO VERITATI8. GENERAL INDEX,
tionary of Greek Mythology Douglas Ghost at the Funeral' '
WORDS ENGLISH.
and their WAYS in
Cucking or I>uckins stool Sixteenth-Century Duel" Care, vale " The SCOTT COUNTRY and STIRLING.
Harry Dick hat": "Adelaide waistcoat"' " .Armada Chests
Statt'ord Family Projecti- n on a Saw Wellington Pamphlet Chi-
"
TWO EDITIONS of ARISTOPHANES. EIGHTH SERIES 6
NEW NOVELS :Ahana; Marta A Friend of Nelson; The Second
Rho Monogram Botanical Szt5chenyi.
;

Generation; 'The Blood 'Tax; A Blaze of Glory; The Ranee's

REPLIES : SheUpy"s .Ancestry Guest Family Strawberry Leaves- Rubies ; Margaret.
Trinity Monday Byron's Grandfather Honorificabilitudinitas- PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS.
Cockade of Georse 1. Old Wooden Chest Westminster City SPORTS and PASTIMES.
Motto Meresteads " Lovel De Hautville Tedula Almanac The "WAR and the FRENCH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT.
Medals Tennis- Jews' Way. Gate, &c. " Heroina "Metrical
:

Psalter Ycleping" the Church Autocrat in Russian Merry "

OUR LIBRARY TABLE: The Bond of Empire; Mr. Street's Essays;
For Copies by post an additional Three-

'

England and the -Mass- -Arthur's Crown "Sixes and sevens'' Westminster and Chelsea Guide to Historical Novels ; Prof.
;

Wilcocks Babies in the eyes "" Londres Ainsworth Mrs. Bury's History of Greece Rei>rinta Books for Children. ; ;

Thrale's Streatham House ' Flowering Sunday "Y'arrow Un- LIST oi NEW BOOKS. pence is charged.
visitedFollett Kind's Champion Gladstone an Italian Address : 'The PLOWMAN'S TALE'; The LONDON LIBRARY CATALOGUE;
Arms of Continental Cities I'rentham and Gower Families. The FIREFLY in ITALY CHATHAM and the CAPTURE of ;

NOTES ON BOOKS Arrowsmith's Registers of Wigan ' Cata- HAVANA in 1702; JOHN CLARE'S LIBRARY: BELLENDBN'S
logue of Deeds in the Record Office,' Vol. III. Folklore.' SCOTS TRANSLATION ol LIVY BIBLIOGRAPHY of WALTEK
Notices to Correspondents.
'

s.avage l.^ndor.
;

JOHN C, FRANCIS,
Also-
literary GOSSIP. Notes and Qusries OfHce,
SCIENCE: Recent Publications; Societies; Meetings Next Week
r.< yUSlBERfor JVLT 12 coutaius . Gossip. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
11,
NOTES: I>e Laci Family Birmingham " " Mr. Thorns Brumagem FINE ARIS: Van Dyck's Sketch-Book Pottery and Porcelain

W
;

Wyk' and " Wick "Jacob Verses Eltigy in I'ettenhall Church-

:

Egyptian Antiquities at University College Sales; Gossip.

yard- "Reliable "-Pseudo-Scientific Novel A rravelled Goat
" Elucubration -Wearing Hats in Church Serjeants-at-Law under
James 1. Returning thanks" " Rock-bottom prioes "Weather-
MUSIC :Glasenapp'3 Life of Wagner; Opera at Covent Garden
Crystal Palace Peace Festival Mr. Bispham's Recitation of ;
:

C. BENNETT'S POEMS-.
Enoch Arden Gossip Performances Next Week.
' '

rock at Exeter Wassail-bread Wassail-Land Disappearance of a :

DR.VM A- Gossip.
; ;
The GOLDEN LIBRARY Squareiemo. cloth, ;.
Banking Firm.
QUERIES ;-I.amb's 'Satan in Search of a Wife Halley Family SONGS FOR SAILORS.
.\dmiralGordon in Russian Navy ISaronets of Nova Scotia
Muftineer"" Barbadian Registers Elizabeth Percy Greek and The ATHENvEUM for July 5 contains Articles on Morning Post." Spirited, melodious, and vigorously graphic."
Daily Kews
" Very spirited."
Rnssian Ecclesiastical Vestments Bobbins Family Sanderson CONTINENTAL LITERATURE. Fait Mall ::<. "Really admirable."
Family R. W. Smyth-Stuart Baxter and Cummings Knighthood
Fetlocked s. T. Coleridge Fountain Pen Statistical Data- CHALMERS of NEW GUINEA. Morning Advertiser. " Sure of a wide popularity."
SCOTTISH TEXT SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS.

John Bull. " Very successful."
Hebrew Incantations Arms on Fireback. Metropolitan.
" Instinct with patriotic fire."
KEPLIES : Arms of Eton and W inchester Hymn on King Ed- OUR LIBRARY' T.ABLR : Maxim Gorky; Imperialism, Federation, Illustrated London Kews.
"Itight well done."
ward VII.-National Flag Dead Sea Level-C. Babington Arms and Policy; The Clan Gregor; Diary of a Goose Girl; French Ii'ews oj tlie H'orld." 'There is real poetry in these songs."
of Knights Kossetti 3 Kuggiero Royal Standard Henrv IV. s
' Colonial Politics ; Reprints. Jliin-or" With admirable felicity he embodies national sentiments
Exhumation- Green Unlucky Defoe "Circular Joys rib's Eve LIST NEW
BOOKS.
of and emotions which stir the hearts of the people."
"Keep your hair on " Aix la-Chapelle "Lupo-mannaro ' Echo. "'These songs are literally written for sailors, and they ais
Disappearine Chartists " Le Fizgert' Evolution of a Nose INTERCESSORY SERVICES at .ST. PAUL'S; LORD ACTON- A precisely the kind of songs that sailors most enjoy."
Nonronfoniiist. " 'These songs bear a true literary mark, and give out
DaKgering Coronation Dress of Bishops Sworn Clerks in CASE of PLAGIARISM ; S.4.LE ot AMERICANA.
Chancery stattbrdshire Sheriffs Locomotive and Gas The .Author ALSO- the genuine ring."
of Evil Fonts T. Phaer Quotation .Authors Wanted (Jerald LITERARY' GOSSIP. Leeds Merrxcry. "'There is no one nowadays who can compete with
GrifBnWin''30r Uniform Black Malibran Attorney's Epitaph- Dr. Bennett as a popular song-writer In his volume of sea songs we
Mont Pel(^e St Paul and Seneca- Gillespie Grumach Old Songs SCIENCE :Hakluyt Reprints; Societies; Gossip. find the qualities which must secure its success."
'W Baxter- Knife" Female Fighters " Upwards of" Lady- FINE ARTS : Archaology The Wolverhampton Exhibition; Mr. ;

day Day Lowengard's Gallery Sales Gossip. ; ;

Chatto & Windus, 111, St. Martin's Lane W.C.
NOrES ON BOOKS Nottingham : ' Parish Registers Bennett's
MUSIC: Opera at Covent Garden; Final Philharmonic Concert;
Archbishop Rotherham Reviews and Magazines.
Notices to Correspondents.
Gossip; Perlormances Next Week.
DRAMA :-G03sip. H ARVEY'S PATENT PNEUMATIC DUSTING BRUSH.
For thoroughly removing Dust from Books, Shelves, &c.,
The A THENMUM for June 28 contains Articles on
by means of Air Suction.
77,< NUMBER for JULY 5 eontains: Obtainable from the principal Dealers In Library Appliances or
The ROLL-CALL of WESTMINSTER ABBEY. from C. J. HARVEY, 11, Church Street, Kidderminster.
HYMN ON BIRTH OF EDWARD VII. A DICTIONARY of PHILOSOPHY and PSYCHOLOGY.
VERSES FOR A PRINCE OF The NEARER EAST.
V\-ALES.
MR. W. C. HAZLirr on 8HAKSPEARE. BONUS YEAR 1902.
NOTES Living Memory of Coronation of George IV.
: Cowley The ITALIAN RENAISSANCE in ENGLAND.
ATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION
Gleek "Cigar " .Shcregrig " Inaccurate Allusions X'onnd's
Day " Met
Uterary Churchmen.
"

Took'9 Court ' .\utocrat in Russian Scotch

QUERIES :-Orange Blossoms Papal
"- "
BOLINGBBOKE and his TI.ME8.
NEW NOVELS : The Shadowy 'Third
Ground The Comedy
Battle of Progress.
; Breachley, Black Sheep ; The
N FOR MUTUAL LIFE ASSUKANCB.
Provisions- Woodhonse-Napper ENGLISH HIS'TORV.
;

Tandy Follett-Grace Loquifer'" Cockle

t>efore NIeat-' Bataille Paid in Claims more than 11,.">00,000
dnmditt Past I'ense-Sehaw of Gospetrv-Cantershlp- Siuart OMARIAN LITERATURE. Accumulated Funds exceed .'),700,000
Portraits Gladstone Browne Quotation- Howe " A-sailing by FRENCH MEMOIRS.
the night" 'Pec satna "-Lovel De Hautvllle-May Cats. OUR LIBRARY TABLE :- Dr. Theal on the Progress of South Africa
:

in the Century he Story of Westminster Abbey; Some Impres- PROFITS.

REPLIES:
"Meres'eads " Hopeful " Sanguine "-Nicknames
" :

sions of Oxford
; 'I

Tudor and Stuart Lore Songs University Maga- These are divided solely amongst the assured.

'

for Colonies Barras

Ainsworth Iron Duke Nottingham
zines John Bull
; ; Already-
"Ploughing his lonely furrow "-Westminster City Motto- Tennis ;
divided, .5,40(1,000.
Patmore Quoution Cigarettes-Shakespeare v. Bacon Pro-
LIST of NEW
BOOKS. The next Division will lie made as at November 20, IPO:',
picimnsmodo " Week Kennett's Father Only too thankful' LORD ACI'OM The MARRIAGE of the DUKE of CLARENCE with
;
and all Assurances previously elTected ami then e-xisting
The"
Box Harry " Kccleston - Heuskarlan
lUritr "' Bar VIOLANTE VLSCONTI SAMUEL BUTLER; SALES. ;

sinister School Rules Napoleon's Last Years Wlllughby's

"
will participate.
'Ornithology'-'" Hop the twig^'' Aylwln 'Latin Verses West
A [.SO-
Bourne- Koon for Bookworms-" Lutes of amber "" Huff Week" LITERARY GOSSIP. ENDOWMENT-ASSURANCK
Wren's Mallet -Comma MIsplace.l-Varrow Unvii>lted-Pole SCIENCE:- Evolution Coral and the 'Codice Coralline'; Societies;
;

Meetings Next Week Gossip ;

Policies are issued, combining Life Assurance at minimum-
NOTES ON P/JOKS:-Paton' 'Early History of Syria and Palestine' FINE ARTS: The Creation of Versailles; Cafaggiolo; The Restora- cost with provision for old age.
Dull s Iheology and Ethics of the Hebrews' Transactions of
'
' tion of the Erechtheum Sale Gossip. ; ;
the Glasgow Archaologlcal Society '" Miscellanea GenealoKlca et
Heraldlca."
" MUSIC: Ilerr NIkischs Orchestral Concert; Madame Albania Con- ARTHUR SMITHEK, Actuary and Secretary.
cert; Herr Hofmann's Recital Gossip. ; 48, Qracechurcli Street, London, E.C.
Itoticet to Correspondents. DRAMA :' Monna Vanna Ellen Terry and Clara Morris Gossip. '
; ;
Applications for Agrncies invited.

Price id. each ; by post. i^d. each. THE A THENMUM, EVERT SATURDAY,
PICICK THRKKPKNCE, OF
D INNEFORD'S ACIDITY
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OOl'T,

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AthenanmOffLce, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, Ladies, Children, i.nd Infants.
Bream's BaildingB, Chancery Lane. E.G. E.G. and of all Newsagents. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA.


140 THEATHEN^UM N'' 3900, July 26, 1902

CASSELL COMPANY'S ANNOUNCEMENTS,

NOTICE. The CORONATION BOOK of EDWARD VII., KING of
all the BRITAINS and EMPEROR of INDIA, % W. J. LOFTIE,
B.A, F,S,A., will be confined to Siv Parts, price Is, each, as originally

announced. The first Four Paints have already appeared, and the remaining
Ttco will be issued shortly after the Coronation has taken place. The Historical
Survey will include a fully illustrated Account of the Preparations made for the

June Coronation, and of the King's illness, in addition to a description of the actual
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irecent developments in the art of colour printing." Standard,

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THE AUTOMOBILE : its Construction and Management.

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.
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Aftents for Scotland, Messrs. Bell & Bradlute and Mr. John Menzies, Edinburgh -Saturday, July 20, 1602
 j

THE ATHENAEUM
journal of englisil; antr jToititrn Xitfraturr, ^rifitrc, tin Jfine '^ite;, iBu^ir anti tf)r ^ife

PtSCR
No. 3901. SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1902. THREEPENCE
RKGISTIOIIKI) A Af! r^liWSPAPHH

PHE HARLEIAN SOCIETY.

M ERTHYR SCHOOL.
COUNTY" INTERMEDIATE PARISH REGISTKRS
1
in
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WANl'KI), CKUTlI'KWrKS ot MAUKIA(iH i.f Mr. Stevens
FRENCH -Conversational and Litciary. Commencing salai-y ami Mi-*s Hewiu'I. ahotit 17")!*. of Uolicri. Tiipp and Martha
Established for the purpose of 'rrinscribing, Printing, and Pu1)Uslung ll'O/.
Itewnel Stevens, a*>ont 171';'; and Jane stevenn and (ieorxe Olinrnc,
the Heraldic Visitations of Counties, Parish Registers, or any Manu- Applications should reach undersigned before AUGUS T '.'0
about ISA) and of HIIITHS of Marilia )!L->vnel Steven", in liT!', and
scripts relating to Genealogy, Family History, and Hcraldrv, or such CHARLES OWEN, JI.A , Head Master. -lane Stevens, about 178.'>
;

Five Shillings ill be paid for each Certifi-

other kindred or partly kindred subjects as may from time to time cate in atldition to the pi-oper fee. Addres^s Ll Bkassli r & Oaklet,
be determined upon by the Council of the Society. Solicitoi'6, II.*, New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
In the Ordinary Section li Volumes have been issued.
In the Register Section :^ Volumes have been issued. u RBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL of BROMLEY.
Entrance Fee, lOs. 6J. .Annual Subscription, Ordinary Section, 1? l.s\
Register
Chairman of Council-Sir Gi;OUGE J. ARMY PAGK. Hart F.S..A.
,, 1(. 1,<.
,
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART.
The SCIEMCE and ART COMMITTEE is prepared to receive applica-
KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON. (I'nivei'&ity of London.
For all particulars apply to the Secretary and I'reasurer. tions for the appiintment of SCIENCE M.\srKR from Gentlemen FULL COVUSES for MATlt IC'ULAi'RI) SIUDENTR in ARTS.
W. RKUCE liANNEH.MAX, F.S.A. qualilied under the Directory issued by the Board of Education. LAWS. SCIKNCK, ENGINEKKINO. M KDICINE. and THEOLOGV.at
The Lindens, Sydenliam Koad, Croydon. Classes for Chemistry (Theoretical and Practical) and Mathematics Composition Fee;*, or siudcnts may atten-l tlie Separate Classes.
and some other Science Subject in the Directory Syllabus, if ret[uired, I'i'eparations for all Examinations of Iho l'nivpi>ity.
will be held on Three Evenings in each Week during the Session, MICHAELMAS TKUM COMMENCES OCIOHEK 1'.

LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.
T HE - Incorpoi-ated by lloyal Charter, 1>98.:)
which extends fr-tm the 'Third We<^k in September to the End of July.
'There is a ClnMiiical Laboratorv tittei for 'Twenty-four Students.
Salary, 80/ per annum, together \\ iih the Grant received from the
For Prosipcc'tusos
College, London, W.C.
LADIES' DEPAHTMENT, KENSINGTON. -MICHAELMAS
and all infoimution apply to tlie SiAUirnuv, King's

TEKM
President : Board of Education. COMMENCES October LJ Apply to the Viti: PaiNciPAi., Kensingloa
G. K FOKIESCCE. Esq . Applications, stating age, qualifications, and experience, to be Square.
Keeper of the Printed Books, British Museum. delivered to me as under not later than WEDNESD.W, August 20 next.
By Order,
Dr. W. MACNEU.i: DI\(>N,LLB,
Presiilent-Designate :

FRED. H. NORM.AN. Clerk to the Council. EDUCATION. ThoroughlvKELI ABLE ADVICE

Professor of English Language and Litei'ature, Birmingham University. District Council Oltices, Bromley, Kent, July 'iO, lilOi. can be obtained (free of charge) from Messrs. G.\HHITAS,
I

THRING & CO., who, from their extensi ve and pernonal knowledge of
The rWENTY-FIFTH of the ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING the best Schools for lioys and Girls, and successful '1 utois in Enirland
will be held by invitation of the Local Authorities, at BIRMINGHAM,
on rUESD.VY." September
l*apers will be read, and Discussions held, on Bibliographical
ivj, and the Three Following Days. ROYAL HOLLOWAY (Cniversity of London.)
COLLEGE. and Abroad, will furnish careful selections If supplied witn detailed
requirements. 36, Sackville Street, W.
Subjecrs. and on those connected with the Promotion, Establishment, The MICHAELMAS TERM ]fEGlNS on OCTOBER 2. 1902. The
and Adrninisti'ation of Libraries. College prepares Students for the London Degrees in Science and SECRETARIAL BUREAU, 9, vStrand. London,
Information as to the Ass 'Ciation, its W^ork and Objects, can be
obtained from
Arts and for the O.vford Honour Examinations
TEN KN'TRANi'E SCHOLARSHIP.-^, from 40/. to 75/. a year, tenable ^ W.C.-Confldential Secretary, Miss VE'IH EIUUtlDGR (Nat. ScL
Tripos). Employed by the India Othce as Indexer. Portuguese and
LAWRENCE INKSTEB. Honorary S.cretarv. for Three Years, will be ottered for competition in JU I-Y, ifK).'J
Dutch Tr-anslator; also by the Koyal Society, the Itoyal Geographical
Whitcomb House. Whitcomb Street, Pall Mall East, S. W. For furlhei' particulars apply to the Skcultauv, Koyal Holloway
Society, the lloyal Asiatic Society, &c.. and by the Corporation of
College, Engletield Green, Surrey.
Warrington ancs). f 1

Town and County Hecords Indexed. Special Rystera of Newspaper

WORCESTER MUSICAL FESTIVAL,
w SVND.VY. September 7. O.SO. Grand Opening Service.
SEPTEMIiER, 1902. '^rHE
X
DURHAM COLLEGE
VPON-TYNE.
of
NEWCASTLE-
SCIENCE, Indexing. Libraiies (atalogued. Congresses reported in English,
French, and German. Technical Translations into and from all Lan-
guages. Foreign and Technical MSS. carefully Type-written.
TCKSDAY'. September 9.-11. ;10. Elijah'; 7.30. Coronation Anthem '
'
Complete Courses of Instruction are provided for Students of b(fth A few Pupils trained for Indexing and Secretarial Work in London
Handel'. 'Fifth Symphony Iteethoven), Deborah Itlair). '
i
' '
( sex'=s proceeding to Degrees in Science, or in Letters, and for Teachers' and Berlin.
WEDNESDAY. September 10. 1130. lemple iWalford Davies),
'
Certificates fiir Secondary Schools and for the Diploma in 'Tlie<iry and
Practice of Teaching. Special facilities are ottered for the study of
St. Christopher.'
schaikowsky 7
Part III
y^^. Concert.
Hoi-atio i Parker), }*athetio Symphony' '

Agricu'lurp, .applied Chemistry, Mining, and all Branches of Engineer-

''rYPE-WRITlNG undertaken by highly educated
\ t i
;

THlKSD.iY. September 111130. 'Gerontios' (Elgari, 'The Lord ing and Naval Architecture. 1 Women
of Literary experience (Classical I'ripns; Cambridge
MATRI(;CL.\riON and EXHIBITION EXAMINATIONS BEGIN Higher Local; thorough acquaintance v(ith Modern Languages).
is a Sun and Shield llach Third Symphony (llrabmsj 7.30, Stabat
'
i
' '

Uefcrences to Authors. Terras

Research, Kevision. Translatioa
i ;

>Iater' > DvorCik). '

Hvmn of Praise.* SEPTEMBER L'9.
(cash): Ordinary English Prose, L-- 3</. per 1.000 words: scale of
FRIDAY, September li' 11 20, Messiah.' LECTURES BEGIN OCTOBER 7, 1902.
charges on application. The ('AMiiaiutiK '1^ pe- Wriieng Agency, 10,
Hostels for Men and f o Women Students.

Artistes -ALUANI. SOIiRINO, EMILY SQUIRE. MARIE RREMA, Duke Street. Adelphi, W.C. (formerly S. 11., 1, Liugards Koad,
An\ CROSSLEV, MURIEL FOSTElt. WILLIA.M GREEN. GREGORY Prospectuses on appUcatioa to the SEcRErARY.
Lewisham, 8.E.).
HAST, ANDREW BLACK, LANE WILSON, and PLUNKET GREENE.
Conductor Mr IVOR ATKINS.
For further information apply to &
NIVERSITY
u DIPLOMA of DURHAM. l\
AUTHORS with MSS. that require TYPE-
Dti'.iiTo.v Co. or E. J. Sp.irk, WRITING can have them well and piomptly TVI'KU for M. per
Worcester. THEORY AND IN PRACTICE OF TEACHING. 1,000 words. Museum Kesearches, 9d. an hour. Miss SicARr, Koom21,
Particulars of the Course of Training for Secondary 'Teachers and of 1, Trafalgar Ituildings, W.C.
the E-\aiiiination for the above Diplonn may be obtained from the
TADY', well educated, good knowledge of French, SEf-RtTAnv Of E.wMiN-iTioxs, North Bailey, Durham.
i German, and Type-Writing, desires POSr in LIBRARY'. Would ''fYPE-WRlTING. The WEST KENSINGTON
e've services lor'Ihiee Months in order to gain experience. Address 1 AGKNCY. Authors' MSS, Tianslations.&c. Phonograph used.
W. B. L., 13:', Bradford Koad, Hudderstield.
u NIVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS. Legal and Geneial Copying. Cii-tulars, &c.. Duplicated Lessons given.
Usual terms. References. Etal)hshed 1893. Sikes & SiKis, ID,
Wolveitim Gardens, Hammersmith Road. W.
RESEARCH
Work:
Historical or General: Index
French Translation UNDERTAlvEN on moderaie
ANDREW Rector
Principal JAMES
CARNEGIE, LL D.
DONALDSON, M..A LL
tpiuis. Address
also
M Francis Co., Atheniuum Press, lireaui's Build-
D.
A UTHORS' MSS.. PLAY^S. SERMONS, &c.,
, &.
OPENING OF SESSION 1902-liX.'.3. -L\- TYPED with accuracy and dispatch, Rd. per 1 000, Including
ings, EC.
Also Shorthand. Miss N. _E.
UNITED COLLEGE. Paper and Postage.
Westover Road, Wandsworlh Common, London, S.W.
Rodi.nsox, 8,

RESEARCH WORK for AUTHORS and Others. AND MEDICINE.)

(ARTS, SCIENCE,
TYPE-WRITTEN
hy
LITERARY
EXPERT.
and GENEALOGICAL WORK UNDERTAKEN
Family Pedigreas and Histories 'Traced.
This College will he formally OPENED on 'TUF.sin Y, October U, and
the WIN'TERSI<>SION will BEGIN on WEDNESDAY, October
A UTHORS' MANUSCRIPTS
Histi>rical
The PIlKLlMINAR'i EXAMINATIONS, with which t.he Examina-
l.'i.
l\ at per 000 words (over 10,000
with accuracv and despatch 1,. ;!,/. 1
Records. Pari-h Registers Searched. Materials for Hooks and words at l.< Carbon Copies half nrice. Reference to Authors.
tions for Bursaries are combined, will COMMENCE on SEPTEMBftlR^G.
)

Pamphlets Collected and Prepared for Publication. Indexing. Kefer- Miss A. Ki:nt, The Reliance Typewriting Office, 505, Mansion House
ecces. A. G., Alperton, Wembley. Scheduler of admission \vill be supplied by the Secretary up to Sep- Chambers, E.G.
tember l-'l.

'I here are tifty-sevcn Bursaries vacant (three of which are open to
rO EDITORS. Oxford Honourman, Government Second Year Students and one to Fourth Y'ear Students only ranging
in value from 4ii/. to 10(. Of these thirty-seven are tenable by Men
i.
nfHE AUTHORS' AGKNCY. Establislied 1879.
represented. Agreements for
1 Clerk, would supplv DRAM.ATIC NOTES in absence of regular 1 The interests of Authors capably
Stall during Holidays. No remuneration Write Urami, U, Chancery only, fourteen (which aie resliicted to students who intend to entm- Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers. Terms and leBtl-
Lane. the Medical Profession) by \\'omcn (mly. and six (including two monials on application to Mr. A. M. Burgbks, 34, Paternoster Row.
Science Bursaries of the value of :i(i/. each the First Year of tenure and
4(1/. the Second Year, and a Malcolm Bursary, restricted to Medical
PEHIND
I ^
the
POLITICS -A WRITER of position and popularity
SCENES in SOCIETY
is
and
OPEN
Students, of the annual value of -'5/ for Ave years) by either Men or
Women.
Grants, not exceeding may be assigned
each, to Students (Men or
p
v
MITCHELL k
Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
'.
CO., Agents for the Sale and
to REGULAR WORK under these headings Address E. R. H. S ,
Women) during their
20/.
Fourth Year who wish to take a Degree with Probate or Purchase Investigations, and Audit of Accounts, Ac. C'mrd
I rancis& Co , Atheoaum Press, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
Honours of 'Terms on application.
In the course of the Session Ten Scholarships will be competed for, Mitchell House. 1 and 2, Snow Hill, Holborn Viaduct, EC.
Six of which arc open to both sexes. They range in value from 80/. to
WANTKD, a TUTOR during VACATION TIME Ml.
TW(J for PLTMLK living in Clspham Park. 10 and 17 years,
preparing for the Lonoon Matrieu ation Exam Reply 1\ F., Francis & ST. MARY'S COLLEGE.
Co. Athenaum Press. Bream s Buildings, Chancery Lane. (DIVINITY.)
This Colleec will he OPENED on WEDNESDAY, October l.'i. The YOUNG & SONS
MESSRS. HKNRY S'l'OCKS possess
of OLD and NEW

w ATFORD PUBLIC LIBRARY. EX.\MINA'T10NS for lURSAlilES will be held on OCnOBER 10

and 11. Intimation of Candidature is not necessary. 'There are GREAT BRITAIN,
one of the LARGEST
and they will be lllad to hear from any one in
BOOKS In
Eight Competitive Bursaiics vacant, ranging in value from 40/ to (i/. search of Hooks out of print, as they can in many cases supply them
An INSTRUCTOR is WANTED at the above Institution for CAR- At the close of the Session one Scholarship of 80/., one of 2iL, and one from their large Stock.
P^'.NTRY and for HRICKWORK iClty and Guilds Coursei 'Ihe fee of 14/ will be open to ccmpetllion. CATALOGUES MONTHLY.
<.flered is I:.'., fid per Evening of Two and a Half Hours for the Course The Classes arc open t ^tudent8 of both sexes, and Include Latin, South Caatle Street, Liverpool.
12,
<! Thirty Weekly
lj;3on Candidates must possess the Teachers' r.'reeU. English. French. German. Hebrew, Syriac, Sanskrit and (Jom
.^fiiaJfflcation of the City and Guilds Institute and that of the Board of parative Philologv, Modern Greek. Logic and Metaphysics, Moral
d-.4lacation In Building ('on^truction. .Application should be made to Philosophv. I'ohtical Philosophy, Political Economy. Education
Mathematics. Natural PhiloBO|iliy, Chemistry. Zoology, liotany. Agri-
LKIGHTON'S
\he aodersigned not later than .AI'Gt KT 16
JOHN WOOLMAN, Director and Secretary. culture and Rui-al Economy. History. Ancient History, Physiology, /CATALOGUE of EARLY PRINTED and
.Anaomy, Systematic 'Theology, Biblical Criticism, and Church
^ INTKKKSriNO UOOKS, MANUSClJlPrS.
11
E A D MISTRESS. History.
Specimen Examination Papers and full particulars respecting the
Courses of Instruction, Fees. Examination" (or Degrees c,will be
found in the CALENDAR of the UNIVERSITV, published by Messrs
otlier

containing letter C, price

and UlNDINGS.
2. With 220 Illu'lratlona In Facsimile.
Part II
The GOVERNING nODY of the "WYGGESTON GIRLS' HIGH Blackwood &. Sons, io. George Street, Edinburgh, price IJ./.
by post -'.
,

-i^CHOOL LEICESTER, invite aopUcations fop the position of HEAD 2s 10-f. J, & J. LKIGIITON. .10, Brewer Street, Oolden Square, W.
MISTRESS, which wiM Itecome VACANT *t CHIOS TMAS NEXT The A general Prospectus coming Winter Session, as well as
for the
Hilary will be PJ"/. and a apllation Fee of W i.<. for each Girl up to *
detailed information regarding any Department of the University, may Part I. containing A-ll, with 120 IllustiBtlons, price 2>
one Hundred, and 1/. for all aiov that number here in accommoda- 'I
be obtained on application to
iion in the School inr about .';.>> (iirls. and at present there are ril-'i la
attendance. No Reitdence In provided, and Bi)ard'-P8 are not tnken.
JOHN
University of St Andrews, August.
E. WILLIAMS, SecrcUry and
Mi'J.
ItegiBtrar.
/ CATALOGUE, No.
Turner,
.35. Drawings by Turner,
Applications, with not more than four oriifinal 'Tofntinionialfi, rnu^t be varlev. Piout, Hunt, c. Engravings by and after
received on or Itefore SEKrK.MBKR lo together iih Iweniy-flve Ilogaith (llrlln. Constable, ftc.-Ktrbings by Millet. ^^
hl.llir. c-
Mxpcnce,
printed or tTpe-wriiten copies of the application and refltimonialn.
NIVERSITY GLASGOW. IllustTai.'d Hooks- Works by John Ku-klii. Post free. . W
Kar.-h applicant ma>t ttlace herdj ProfeHsional Training; rj) Cniver-
sity Degree, if any ; '.'Jj Experience , (i) Age ; and -'r,) Pre*ent Appolnt-
u of

OPENED
Waiui. 2. Church Terrace, llicbmond. Surrey

/nent.
Candidates are re'tuented not to can vans.
The MEDICAL SESSION will be on I II I'KSIlA Y, Octo-
|>aiilcular as to the Coiii.c
K-JON KS. SIX important
OIR KDVVARD HUKNflla.s
l>er 10. Hxil. A Sillahun. containing full I'alnling eifculed for Meir.
For further Information apply to of Kdmatlon and as to the Picllniinai y i- xapiilnat Ion ie(|uireil to be l^ CHALK DIIAWISGS f.ir
Moirls ft Co )i( SAI.K- railiriilars on ajipllcallou lo Via. Vi mo,
A. H. HIT<GE**S, Clerk to the Governors. passed by Stuib.nts before leginnlng Modli-nl stii'ly. insy be obtained
.1, l}.;rriilge Sirett, Leicester, July ,v IWJ. bjapplylngto .Mr. W. In.m- Ai.i>im;>, AlUDt Cleik. 2, Church Icrracc, Blohmond. mrrej
 A

142 THE ATHEN^UM N3901, Aug. 2, 1902

CONTENTS OF THE
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY, N INETEENTH CKNTURY and AFTER NEW AND COMPLETE EDITION
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74, NEW OXFORD CENTENARY ALEXANDRE STREET, LONDON. I he
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Copies of Coins, Seals, Medals, MSS., Drawings, the Symphony (E. Newinanj, continued; Herbert Spencer on Music; 6 vols, royal 8vo, half-morocco, gilt tops, uncut
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N3901, Aug. 2, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 1-1.1

SATURDAY, AUGUST
CONTENTS.
KnrCATION AND Emmre
Welsh axp Iri-^h Mfi>i.eval RoAfAXCE
BURLKY-ON-THE-HlLL
O REOOROVIUS'S IIISTOKV OF UOME
A Story of Sovth Africa
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Time and Chance Hesitation Sentimentale)
; 152153
Local History
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Books for Tourists
Classical Litkraturk
Our Library Tahle (Studies in Irish History and
Biography ;Great Frei.ch Preachers Writers'
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'
; ... 157158
List of New Books
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ton; Sales; Gossip
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Drama Plays; Gossip
LITERATURE
Education and JEmpire
Addresses on Certain
Topics of the Day. By Richard Burdon
Haldane, M.P., LL.D., K.C. (Murray.)
"The addresses which this little volume
contains were delivered under varying cir-
cumstances." and are an incitement, in the
main, to educational effort, "to be sought
in clear views, and activity of the kind that
is at once unhasting and unresting." We
propose mainly to survey those sections of
2, i90S. upon us. For Germany is beating us in tho bation. But do not the critics of this rigid
commercial race. We shall doubtless, there- systematization agree that it may be ad-
demand much more coUectivist organi-
fore, mirable for tho production of a public
PICS
zation iu education.
Ho It seems to bo gene- servant? and do they not also insist that such
rally agreed that some such process is both
U6 a system qualifies for intelligent routine, but
147 desirable and inevitable. But we must not for that more aggressive individualism
148 remember that both Germany and France which national success often demands?
150 are looking to England for educational It is interesting to an Englishman to hear
150 models, and the trend of reform in these Scotland blamed for its water-tight educa-
countries is towards elasticity. think, We tional compartments. The elementary
at least, that Geist might not be actively teachers of Scotland are aloof from tho
promoted by a rigidly bound and uniform national life, and "the universities stand
153
still more aloof from the national life than
IM educational system. It is, doubtless, right
155
to press for system and uniformity here the body of elementary teachers." We
15(5
we need, however, to hold the correlated had the idea that the lack of educa-
disadvantages fully in view. There can be tional interpenetration was especially an
no question that, in the higher branches of
; English characteristic, and it is with some
technical research, and in the opportunities relief that we find Scotland included in this
which we hold out for able students to make category. Again, we think it necessary to
15S additions to knowledge, we are far behind argue that universities have a task which is
Germany, We
are reminded both of State something other than technical preparation
activity in this direction and of the voluntary
; and though we do not think this would be
159
co-operative undertakings of large employers denied, it needs to be emphasized as well
160
to obtain the best expert training and know- as recognized. In America, a very " go-
ledge. There are 9,000,000 pupils now in ahead " country, tho schools suspend their
the German
;
primary schools. " Secondary work in hot weather, but the " teachers fill
education not directly compulsory, but
is up their time " in summer training classes.
indirectly is made difficult to dispense
it We are not sure that this is wholly beneficial
with." How difficult is seen by the fact either to teachers or children.
163-167 that there are 375,000 pupils in these " Both the House of Commons and the
167
schools. elementary teachers in Scotland and Eng-
167168
"A pupil may go into a secondary school as land seem to be wanting in a largeness of
young as ten or eleven. He remains there conception." To change this we need some
about six years, during which he studies, if he " impetus from the public." For linguistic
is in a Bealsclmle, German, English, French, teaching we are advised to look into a con-
mathematics (including such higher subjects as tinental school, where "the children are not
logarithms, trigonometry, &c.), physics, chemis-
taught grammar and a whole string of dry
try, and certain other sciences, and freehand
drawing." things." The teacher must usually be of
We
are not surprised that the cry of over-
the " same nationality as the children." We
cordially agree with the latter suggestion,
pressure is very strong in Germany to-day,
but we have before us a French official
and we cannot refrain from quoting in this
connexion a few words from Mr. Sadler's
Emploi du Temps and a series of exercise
conclusion in Education in Germany ' ' :
books from French schools. We
have no
hesitation in saying that the time and energy
"It is undesirable that any one pupil should
be set to learn a little of a great many subjects. expended on grammatical teaching, at least

the book which are specially directed to the Far better results are obtained by the more with reference to French, are greatly in
object above indicated, dealing in conclu- thorough study of a few subjects. Our motto excess of anything attempted in corre-
sion with two points concerning empire. should be multum, non multa." sponding English schools.
We must not, of course, look for a con- On one point we are in hearty agreement The university, says the author, is the
nected and reasoned treatise in what pur- with the German system its primary : proper training - ground for all teachers.
ports to be a series of essays connected only schools do not specialize. This may be so, but much more attention
by a general idea. The first essay makes We
have begun in England to establish needs to be paid to pedagogics and practical
some comparisons between Great Britain that sort of university which is largely work before the training it affords for
and Germany from an educational stand- technical, and which will " help the student teachers can be thoroughly successful.
point. We are reminded of Matthew to a position in life." But the danger is Tho last essay deals with science and
(and we think that Mr. Haldane is fully religion. It had to be shown that science
Arnold's criticism of English treatment of
We alive to it) that we may overlook the need and religion could be reconciled. The
Ireland. are to transform ourselves so
as to be attractive to Irishmen the reverse for culture, which is, in one way, the English mantle of Luther descended upon Kant,
;

process is not suggested. " must trans- We equivalent for Geist. If this stimulating who bore on the torch in the Critique of'

form our middle class and its social civilisa- essay succeed in sending its readers to Mr. Pure Eeason.' Though it is always unsafe
to summarize Kant, we should have sup-
tion"; though in the illustrative passage Sadler's report on German education it will
which follow.s, referring to the influence of have fulfilled a valuable purpose. posed that his work tended to sliow that
Salem House, probably a secondary school, The second lecture deals with the relation one cannot arrive at certainty by means of
we find that between school and university in Scotland. pure reason, much less at morality. Science
" we are so prolific, so enterprising, so world " Educate your people, and you have reduced has attacked theology with vast armies it ;

covering, and our middle class and its civilisa- to comparatively insignificant dimensions used to be full of gaps whicli the weapons of
tion so entirely take the lead wherever we go, the problems of temperance, of housing, theology easily penetrated. We
ask, Is it
that there is now, one may say, a kind of colour and of raising the condition of your masses," not so now ? Some of us who have studied
of Salem House all round the globe." says Mr. Haldane to his Scotch audience. Prof. Ward's Naturalism and Agnosticism,'
'

We hope we do not unduly favour Salem We

are hopeful too, but not quite so hope- whilst thoroughly agreeing as to the vast
House, but we are not sure tliat the ful. We
have in view the statistics of armies which science can bring intotlie field,
iUustration cannot be interpreted as liquor consumption and juvenile crime in are tempted also to remember that tho battle
not always to tho strong. " IJoligion
a testimonial. It is not, however, so France, and they give ono pause. Tl e long is

intended. What our middle class lack and difficult school training which the remains a power, as great and as living, as
at any time in tho world's history. That
is Geiat, and this seems to be more espe- German must undergo if he wishes to be a
cially a German possession. One circum- member of tho learned professions, a civil power is of the heart rather than of
stance, however, according to the author, servant, and in many cases even a foreman tho head." But we agree with tho author,
wo understand him rightly, that this
is likely to force this desirable possession of a factory is again alluded to with appro- if
 146
position is uustable and, above ; all,
modern philosophy in its critical
to test the presuppositions of natural science
by rigorous criticism. It may turn out after
all that the ultimate premises of science
are also of the heart rather than of the head.
A valuable plea is put forward for the right
of independent cultivation of its own definite
territory by religion, science, and philo-
sophy. But there can be no unified know-
ledge without interrelation, and the upshot
is encroachment by the dominant school.
No doubt Mr. Spencer finds an ultimate
harmony which religion and science will
in
join hands in the worship of the unknowable,
but we are sceptical as to this. The author's
final view of metaphysics seems to be
" not that things produce mind, but that
mind produces things," and that " the know-
ledge that creates is at one with what it
knows." We are very doubtful as to any
wide acceptance for these propositions, but
we heartily concur in the exhortation to dig
for deeper foundations of belief, to see
"whether there be no escape from the
burden of a materialism that denies the
reality of what seems best in life."
Mr. Haldane writes with prudence with
regard to Imperial Federation, a phrase
which, by the way, he dislikes. He con-
siders that the ideal will have to be attained
by other means than legal federation, and
he is not, we think, dissatisfied with the
existing situation, in which the Imperial
Parliament recognizes that it is constitution-
ally bound by close limitations so far as the
self-governing colonies are concerned. Mr.
Haldane in this matter is far more nearly
in accord with Australian opinion than are
the less-instructed writers on the subject.
He is clear that the first necessity is to
make our colonies " realise that there is
no desire to interfere with their absolute
right of autonomy in their own concerns."
He tells us that
"it very well to use the word 'federa-
is all
tion when you are speaking of the consolida-
'
tion into a dominion or commonwealth of a
group of derivative constitutions,"
but asks, " is it appropriate to use
conceivable relationship between the Impe-
rial Government and what are called
"
colonies ? assent has been refused, can hardly be said
Another matter on which Mr. Haldane is
luminous, but on which there is a better
case to be made against him, is that of the
position in the Empire of the
Islands. If there were nothing
make this volume necessary to the student
we would point to the manner in which the
facts as to Jersey are set forth in two essays
as being both novel and important. Mr.
Haldane has, we believe, become a popular
hero in Jersey on account of his defence
of the States of Jersey before the Privy
Council. A
French woman-subject of easy
virtue was condemned to death by Jersey
law, and being claimed by France, and
the island refusing to part with her, she
seems to have been abducted by the British
Government and handed over forcibly to
France. Mr. Haldane in his allusions to
this case considers that, in its subsequent
form and result, the people of the Channel
Islands have succeeded in establishing the
right of constitutional government, although
it was nominally left open in the case, of
which hitherto there has only been a meagre
THE ATHEN^UM
we follow report in a late volume of State trials. It
endeavour was heard before a special committee of the
Privy Council in 1894. Mr. Haldane does
not go so far in the volume before us as he
probably found it necessary to go in the
and he here suggests
interests of his clients,
that the monarchy has changed in the
Channel Islands "from an absolute to a
limited one." But in another passage he
suggests that the eighteenth- century docu-
ments relied upon were not the foundation,
but only a comparatively modern expression
of the constitutional liberties of Jersey. The
case argued by Mr. Haldane was heard by
an illustrious tribunal, consisting of the
Prime Minister, the Lord Chancellor, two
ex-Chancellors, four law lords, a bishop, and
two lay Privy Councillors and they advised
; naturally wish to know why " that commot
the Queen to quash her own Order in Council
which was in question, on the curious ground
that it was a breach of an understanding
come to between the Government of Lord
Melbourne and the authorities of the
island, and the tribunal hinted that it was
unwise for the law officers to press them to
decide the constitutional question whether
the monarchy in the Channel Islands was or
was not alimited monarchy. Ourown opinion
is that, while the course taken may have
been prudent, it was hardly historically
sound. The States of Brittany were a more
highly organized body than the States of
Jersey, but we believe that the fashion in
which Louis XIV. dealt with them was
legal, and that the position of the King of
England as Duke of Normandy is historic-
ally as good as that of Louis XIV. We
should admit frankly that not historical, but
political, considerations have induced us to
adopt milder measures in the case of the
Channel Islands. The important case,
curiously enough, appears not to have
been mentioned in the newspapers of 1894,
a fact which makes Mr. Haldane's account
of it the more necessary for preservation.
He thinks that Channel Island laws in
future are likely always to originate with
the States of Jersey or the States of Guern-
sey. But the recent organic statute of
it of any Jersey on the militia, and the draft Bill
which was altered out of all shape by the
States of Jersey ad to which the Royal
to have originated with the States, and were,
we believe, the offspring of the War Office.
Channel
else to
The Mahinogion, MediajvalWelsh Romances,
translated by Lady Charlotte Guest;
with Notes by Alfred Nutt. (Nutt.)
Cuchulain of Muirthemne : the Story of the
Men of the Red Branch of Ulster. Arranged
and put into English by Lady Gregory.
With a Preface by W. B. Yeats. (Murray.)
The simultaneous appearance of these two
books is of good promise, it may be hoped,
for that wider knowledge of Celtic literature
which has been slow in coming to the
English-speaking race, but now seems to be
appreciably nearer at hand. The attractive
form in which Mr. Nutt has reissued Lady
Charlotte Guest's translation of the Mahi-
* would be
nogion and other Welsh tales ought to
'
rouse even the greatest Gallio in things Celtic
from his indifference, at least until he has
read to the end of the tales. Mr. Nutt seems
to doubt whether he will read the notes as
well; but the wise reader will certainly do
N3901, Aug. 2, 1902
so twice, taking them both as a preface and
a postscript. These notes form the chief
addition which the editor has made to
the work, while his alterations mainly
consist in giving a better order to the tales,
and making a few minor changes in the
text, sufficiently small and useful to preclude
any charge of wanton tampering with the
original translation. The glossing of Welsh
proper names is one addition which might
with some advantage have been carried a
little further. It has chiefly been done
with the names of Arthur's household
(pp. 104-14), but the probability is that
the reader who has no special taste for
Celtic legend will skip these pages alto-
gether. On the other hand, he might
was called Talebolion " he may certainly
;
guess that it has something to do with the
" colts " in the previous clause, but it would
have been a simple matter to explain the
two elements in the name. So also with
" Mynnweir and Mynord " on p. 57, " Moch-
drev" on p. 61, " Hyddwn," " Hychdwn,"
and " Bleiddwn " on pp. Go-66, "Gwalstawt
leithoedd " on p. 116; in all these cases
the full significance of the tale cannot be
grasped unless the meaning of the Welsh
name is known. A
few notes on Welsh
topography would also, we imagine, have
been welcome to many readers. Even the
opening sentence of the book, " Pwyll,
Prince of Dyved, was lord of the seven
Cantrevs of Dyved," leads at once into an
unknown region and an unfamiliar division
of territory, in which the barest guidepost
would be useful. No one unacquainted with
Welsh can be expected to identify Gwynedd,
Powys, and Deheubarth with North, Central,
and South Wales yet withcmt this know-
;
ledge much in the tales must leave a very
vague impression, so far as localities are con-
cerned. If the editor, however, has not done
all that might very easily have been done to
popularize the Mahinogion, he has supplied
'
'
a very lucid account of the character and
development of the tales which pass under
that name. The different classes are clearly
distinguished from each other, and the
special features of each emphasized, in a
way that will greatly assist the interested
reader to understand the very complex cha-
racter not only of Welsh, but also of Irish
traditional literature. For, as Mr. Nutt is
careful to point out, some of the leading
personages in the Four Branches of the
'
Mahinogion are equally at home in Irish
'
legend, while the style of Kilhwch and
Ehonabwy's dream is so similar to that of
Irish story-telling that it must be regarded
as a deliberate imitation of it. The fact
that Arthurian legend is only one branch of
Welsh tradition is also made clear, and some
of the leading features of this popular cycle,
as developed in Wales and elsewhere, are
briefly but satisfactorily considered. These
" notes," which are really a preface placed
where it may not scare off the shy reader,
extend to only forty pages, but in that space
the subject is and it
excellently handled ;
add
difficult toanything without
trespassing on the province of the '' adequate
commentary" which the editor elsewhere
hints at.
The features in which Lady Gregory's
book differs from Lady Charlotte Guest's
signify the differences between Welsh and

N3901, Aug. 2, 1902
Irish literature. As Mr. Nutt points out,
the more fantastic and grotesque elements
of Celtic legend, which either puzzle or
annoy the English mind, have already to
a great extent been eliminated from the
Welsh tales, so that even the most faithful
translation of these contains little that the
English reader cannot appreciate or enjoy.
On the other hand, the work of rejection
and refinement is one that naturally suggests
itself to any translator who wishes Irish
tales to gain popular favour. Lady Gregory
has undertaken this task for one of the
great cycles of Irish legend, and has gone
far to succeed in it. Taking the chief tales
which centre round the Red Branch of
Ulster, she has so arranged them as to give
a kind of connected story of the life of
Cuchullin, to herself the liberty
to deal with the material as might seem best
for the artistic qualities of the whole. The
result has distinct merits of its own. and
will doubtless be read with pleasure and
interest by many ; but those who know the
subject at first hand will scarcely be pre-
pared to endorse all the laudation which
Mr. Yeats here bestows. His praise is at
times so excessive that there is danger of
its exciting in the reader expectations which
may not be realized. What he calls " a
speech beautiful as that of Morris, and a
living speech into the bargain," proves to be
no more than a specimen of suitable English
style, coloured by a few Irish idioms, some of
which tend to become tedious by frequent
repetition. Nothing of value is gained by
saying " the way that " instead of " so that,"
or " it is what they said" for " what they
said was." One also misses in some of
the tales the reckless fluency often charac-
teristic of Irish prose, and excellently re-
produced at times by O'Grady but this
; to say
is no doubt due to a deliberate preference
for a quieter style.
The selection and arrangement of the
tales are, on the whole, satisfactory but ;
the reader who does not quite realize the
force of the sub-title may wonder why there
is no Cuchullin in the five tales covering
pp. 82-174. As to the versions adopted
and the method of dealing with them, there
is so much scope for differences of taste that
a definite verdict is not easy to pronounce.
The two most open to objections are the
stories of the sons of Usnach and the
battle of Rosnaree. The latter is severely
curtailed, while in the former Lady Gregory
has abandoned the usual Irish accounts at
several important points in favour of the
Scottish ballads and oral versions. It is
certainly true that in these particulars the
Scottish versions are artistically superior to
the Irish, but they are undoubtedly less
original, and have no claim to preference in
a work of this kind. The modifications
which Lady Gregory has made in the other
tales are of less importance, although in
some respects they tend to efface the real
characteristics of Irish story-telling.
some things, perhaps, there might have
been more excision without serious loss.
Such lists of names, for example, as occur
on pp. 24, 47, 52, &c., are as likely to be
skipped as not and a good reason for
; is absurdly meagre, and inadequate for
omitting them altogether is that proper
names are perhaps the greatest obstacle to
a general appreciation of Irish legend. If
the Irish spelling, ancient or modern, is
THE ATHEN^UM 147
retained, the English reader is either parts. these opening pages had been
If
reduced to despair or pronounces them hope- merely threadbare and meagre, charity
lessly wrong ;and if a more phonetic might have permitted their being passed
system is adopted many of them are apt to over in silence but as the blunders are
;
become very undignified and even comic. really bad and frequent, it becomes neces-
Lady Gregory has not solved this difficulty, sary to expose them as a warning to others.
and admits that she has followed no fixed The author acknowledges in the preface her
rule. By way of amends she has indicated the indebtedness to a local rector for his kind-
modern Irish pronunciation of some names, ness in revising the volume. It is passing
but the reader will still find many thorns strange that any beneficed clergyman could
in his path. The matter is one of prime have allowed such a sentence as this, with
importance for the popularizing of the older which the account of the parish church
Irish literature, and deserves careful atten- opens, to pass :
tion in all books of this kind. " Robert Molent, Earl of Leicester, founded
Whether even this version of these tales in the reign of Stephen (1140) of Foulelevrond
will succeed in bringing them into favour (J^ormaiidy), a Benediction House his wife
;
with the general public remains to be seen. Amice became an inmate of it, died and was
The obstacles are many, and even the most buried there."
dexterous of translators or adapters cannot It is difficult to extract any meaning
altogether remove them. To attempt to do from this sentence. The facts are that the
so would be to tread perilously close in the abbey of Fontevraud, Anjou,
celebrated
steps of James Macpherson. Many of the reformed Benedictines, was founded in
of
details must be tedious to any one who has 1100 by Robert de Arbriscelle that ;
not some special reason for being interested Robert, Earl of Leicester, and his wife
in them, and it is no doubt with reason that Avice founded, circa 1155, a priory at
Mr. Yeats anticipates objections to the Nuneaton for nuns of the order of Fonte-
number of " lyrical outbursts." These vraud, and that the advowson of the
are certainly a great difficulty. All Gaelic church of Burley, Rutland, was one of the
verse suffers in translation, in a way not early gifts to Nuneaton. But the jumble
easily explained and whatever merits the of the letterpress fails to convey any idea
;
laments of Deirdre, or Cuchullin, or Evir of the facts named. Further on a list is
may have in their original metrical form given of institutions to the church of Burley ;
can barely survive a rendering into English it begins with this bit of nonsense " 1275. :
prose. Yet between a literal prose version Abraham de Sacristor by Prioress and
;
and a very free metrical imitation there is convent of Eaton, i.e. Nuneaton or diocese
little choice, and the latter may easily be of Geoffry." And these are but examples
even more misleading than the former. of what is to be found in the earlier
That Lady Gregory has completely chapters.
triumphed over these difficulties, and When, however, the account of the house
given the tales of the Red Branch their and its owners begins, which comprises by
final English form, is probably too much far the greater part of the book, safer ground
but she has at least produced a is reached, and there is much less flounder-
;
book which ought to be welcome to lovers ing. The house of ])urley-on-the-IIill
of early literatures, and may win for the stands, as its name implies, on a high
old heroes of Ulster a wider fame than plateau which dominates the little county
they have yet enjoyed. of Rutland, and forms the chief landmark
for a considerable circuit of the adjacent
country. In the days of Edward VI. this
Jlistory of Burley-on-the-Hill, Rutland. By estate came by purchase to the Harring-
Pearl Finch. 2 vols. (Bale, Sons & tons of Exton, and here that great
Danielsson.) mansion - builder, John Thorpe, in the
These handsome, well- illustrated volumes days of Elizabeth, built for them a
are in one sense exceptionally welcome, and house on an imposing scale. The
form a valuable contribution to the com- ground- plan is among Thorpe's collections
paratively recent history of distinguished at the Soane Museum, a fact of which the
people and of more than one distinguished writer of these volumes is apparently
family. They also supply building details, ignorant. Sir John Harrington was a
plans, and many excellent illustrations of favourite of .Tames I., who visited him at
a great house of palatial size that has Burley, and created him Lord Harrington.
hitherto escaped any specific description. But shortly afterwards Lord Harrington
Nevertheless, any praise that may be sold Burley to George Villier.s, the notorious
awarded is bound in hone.sty to be mingled Duke of Buckingham, who enriched and
with not a little blame. adorned the house at a great cost, and
Perhaps it will be best to bestow the blame entertained here Charles 1. and his queen.
first. It is a great pity that the author Wo are told that Ben Jonson's Masque of '
was not content to give a description of the Gypsies was here first performed, and
'
the house and its contents, with some that "Bishop Andrews preached several of
account of the more recent owners, and his sermons before the king during this
In extracts from their correspondence ;but a visit." This is a strange double blunder.
mistaken ambition led Miss Finch to choose Launcelot AndrowoH died in 102(i; he was
as a preliminary title '
Burley-on-the-IIill never at Burley in Charles I.'h time, though
from Saxon Times to the Present Day.' there are records of lii.s having preached at
The brief account of the early days Burley before King James lioth in 1014 and
KHG. Bon .lonson's popular 'Mancjue of
even a "parish magazine" sort of paro- the Gyjjsios' was performed at Burley in
chial history. Coming at the bpginning, 1G21. It is, however, correct to stato that
it forms a most di.stasteful prelude to a it was on this occasion that the famous
work that has distinct merits in its later dwarf Jeffrey Hudson, " the smallest man

148
of the smallost county ia England," was
served up in a pie at tal)le, and presented
by the iJucliess of Buckingham to the (iueen.
Good copies of the two pictures of Jeffrey,
one at Hampton Court and the other at
Exton Park, are appropriately given as
illustrations.
On assassination of Buckingham, in
tlie
H)28, Burley passed to the hands of his son
" the witty duke," who served on the royal-
ist side during the civil war until after the
battle of Worcester, when he escaped into
exile, and Burloy, captured by the Kound-
heads, was held by them for some time as a
garrison. Fearing, however, an attack, the
occupants set the house and furniture on
fire, and the Parliamentary forces were
Avithdrawn. Of this fine house nothing but
Fuller
the grand range of stables remains.
remarks of Burley that " it was inferior to
few for the House, Superior to all for the
Stable, where horses (if their pabulum
were so plenty as their Stabulum stately)
were the best accommodated in England."
Buckingham's wild extravagance forced
him to sell the Burley property, the pur-
chaser being Daniel, the second Earl of Not-
tingham. The present great house, which
was in course of building from 1694 to 1702,
cost Lord Nottingham, with the adjuncts
and gardens, the then enormous sum of
Full and most interesting par-
80,000/.
ticulars are included of the labour em-
ployed, and the amount of material used,
together with various plans and memoranda,
and letters that passed between Lord
Nottingham and the agents and contractors.
It is not a little remarkable that among all
the numerous papers and bills connected
with this extensive building no mention is
made of the architect or designer. The
house is built in what is vaguely described
as " the Italian style of that period."
cannot agree with the idea that "Burley
might reasonably be attributed to Van-
brugh, " or to his immediate pupils. There
is a lack of stateliness and symmetrical
grandeur about the house, for which the
noble situation cries out it is but a solid
; old Lady Charlotte "went with the Prince
and somewhat heavy example of the Anglo-
Classic school. There is, however, this
compensation namely, that Burley is far
more of a substantial dwelling-house than
the ambitious pile of Blenheim or Castle
Howard. Pope could never, in
have written of this great mansion
'Tis very fine,
But where d'ye sleep, or where d' ye dine
I find from all ye have been telling
That 'tis a house, but not a dwelling.
It must, too, be borne in mind, with,
regard to the somewhat disappointing
eSect of this great mass of building, that
the lay-out of the principal front, on
which much of the dignity depended, was
completely ruined by Lord Winchilsea per-
mitting Henry Kepton, the arch-spoiler of
Guch places, to sweep away, in 1795-6,
terraces, walls,and lodges, to suit his own
notions of what he thought was picturesque.
Fortunately, Eepton was notpermittedtohave
entirely his own way,
for he was of opinion
that " there no ingenuity in planting long
is
rows of trees and cutting straight lines
through a long wood," and desired to
destroy the avenues, making winding rows
and dotting trees about in imitation of
nature. Fortunately, too, the beautiful and
?
THE ATHENiEUJM
graceful great iron gates were allowed to
remain, though rendered somewhat mean-
ingless by being deprived of their original
adjuncts.
Among the numerous good plates is a
charming one of the grand or painted stair-
case, which is one of the particular features
of the interior of Burley-on-the-Hill. Full
details are included of the grand series of
tapestries specially woven for Lord Notting-
ham. The thin second volume consists
entirely of " a catalogue of pictures, objects,
china, manuscripts, miniatures, &c.," ar-
ranged according to rooms. It will doubt-
less be of value and assistance to the family
and visitors, but is of little worth otherwise,
as the descriptions are insufficient, and the
references to the manuscripts and letters
simply tantalizing.
For the second half of the first volume,
giving a history of the owners of Burley-on-
the-Hill from the time when it left the
hands of the Villiers, we have nothing but
Every page is of interest, and far
praise.
the larger portion has not previously been
published, but is gleaned from private
letters and memoranda. The accounts of
Heneage Finch, Lord Chancellor, and
Daniel Finch, second Earl of Nottingham,
are admirably done, and contain a good
deal that is of historic importance. The
narratives relative to the sons and daughters
of Lord Nottingham yield graphic pictures
of the social life of families of high standing
in the days of Queen Anne and the first
Georges.
It is much
to be hoped that the diary
and letters of Lady Charlotte Finch, daughter
of the Earl of Pomfret, who was governess to
the children of GeorgellL, will some day see
the light in their entirety. Lady Charlotte
was appointed governess to the infant
We Prince of Wales in 1762, immediately on
his birth, at a salary of 600/. ;the under-
governess received 300/., the wet-nurse
200/., and the dry-nurse 160/. There was
considerable state in connexion with the
infant prince. When he was but a month
of Wales to take the air with Mrs. Scott,
his nurse, attended by a party of Light
Horse and two grooms and two footmen,
as far as Parson's Green." The diary
abounds with the description of the little
fairness, princeling's gorgeous apparel, of which
: one example will suffice :
" Dec'' 1762. went dressed by 10. in ye
Morning to S' James', to carry the Prince of
Wales to Leinster House, to congratulate the
Princess. The Prince was dressed in a pink
sattin Coat, the petticoat trini'd with a Net of
silver, on ye Body a fine Brussels Lace Bib,
Tucker, and cuffs. His cap of ye same, and
his Coral Thing Pea Green, a Ruby and diamond
Rose in his cap, and another on the knob of ye
corral thing, his Cloak was Pink Sattin, trim'd
as before with Ermin and silver Loops, and his
cap Pink Sattin covr'd with Silver Net, and a
Pea Green Feather fasten'd with four Roses gf
Rubies and Diamonds."
The marvellous dressing of this royal
baby and child affords occasion for many
subsequent entries possibly this good lady
;
was unwittingly planting the seeds of that
extravagant love of many-coloured raiment
that was so characteristic of the future
George IV. down to the time of his death.
How the prince managed to live through
the medical treatment of the day is some-
N3901, Aug. 2, 1902
what puzzling. On December 29th, 1702,
three doctors were called up at 2 o'clock
in the morning, as the baby was oppressed
with a cold and cough. They ordered him
" Rhubarbe and Squills," and on the fol-
lowing day, though they found him better,
" determined to put him on a blister." In
May, 1760, the Prince of Wales and his
brother Frederick both had the small-
pox nevertheless, later in the same year,
;
they were both inoculated. In October
" the Prince of Wales having a fever he has
been blooded in the foot since which he bore
very well, though he cried a little at the time.
Prince Frederick was blooded to day, he was
to have been bled in the foot but it was so fat
they could not feel a vein, so they bled him in
the arm."
The royal family, especially the daughters,
had the greatest affection for their governess,
and there are many charming letters from
them to Lady Charlotte in later days. A
joint letter from the Princesses Augusta,
Elizabeth, Mary, and Amelia, written from
Windsor Castle in October, 1808, expresses
in touching terms " the veneration attach-
ment and respect which we feel for you
dearest Lady Cha."
On the death of George, ninth Earl of
Winchilsea and Nottingham, the Rutland
house and estates passed to Mr. George
Finch, the father of Mr. George Henry
Finch, M.P., the present owner.
History of the City of Rome in the Middle
Ages. By Ferdinand Gregorovius. Trans-
lated by Annie Hamilton. Yol. VIII.
(Bell & Sons.)
The admirers of Gregorovius will find in
this, the concluding volume of his magnum
opus, passages of brilliant description and
sustained eloquence nowise below those
which they have been accustomed to read
with keen relish in its predecessors. Never-
theless, it may be difficult to escape the
conviction that in extending the history to
the pontificate of Clement VII. it has been
unduly prolonged. Remembering that a
tj^pical humanist like Nicholas V. occupied
the Papal chair in the first half of the fif-
teenth century, one must admit that the
Middle Ages, even at Eome, had terminated
before the end of the first third of the six-
teenth century. In a sense it might be
maintained that they were protracted at the
seat of the Papacy up to the year 1870, or,
indeed, that at the Vatican they still exist.
Eome, as known to Gregorovius when he
resided there whilst writing his history,
was essentially a mediceval city. It was
media3val in its mouldering monuments, its
dilapidated monasteries, and its villas em-
bedded in vineyards and neglected gardens.
It was mediasval also in its government of
priests and shirri. Perhaps never before
had the world witnessed a state of society
in which phantasm and reality were so
strangely blended. For the dreamer and
the dilettante nothing could be more delight-
ful than its outward repose, when the
mornings could be devoted to the galleries
and the afternoons spent in rambles amongst
the ruins. But Gregorovius, however strong
may have been for him the attractions of
the outward aspects of Eome, was more
than a dreamer and a dilettante. He was a
hater of misgovernment and injustice, and

Nr,Om, Aug. 2, 1902
the spectacle of corruption and incompetence
in the Curia, and of general rascality in its
agents, must have been especially revolting
to the high-minded student, who rejoiced
in the past glories of Italy and 83'mpathized
with her present aspirations. The ignoble
exhibition of a debasing tyranny constantly
present may perhaps have had some share
in prompting him to extend his narrative
so as to include those Popes who were the
originators of this system.
The deepest sympathies of Gregorovius
were, however, unquestionably centred in
the Middle Ages. It was there he found
his true sources of inspiration. The mystery,
the poetry, the very dogmas evolved in that
nebulous period exercised a strange fascina-
tion over his imagination. For the intrinsic
qualities of its art he had a rare and genuine
perception, and thus was enabled to com-
prehend the aims and intentions of
medifcval artists, so as rightly to appre-
ciate the merits as well as the limita-
tions of their practice. He likewise spared
no pains in the endeavour to discover all
pertaining to the remains of their work.
As he had these gifts and qualifications,
it might have been expected that at
least in his principal undertaking he would
have confined his work within the logical
limits of its subject. The story of the pon-
tificates of Alexander VI., Julius II., and
Leo X. naturally afforded material for the
picturesque description in which he emi-
nently excelled. Yet there was nothing in
the modes of thought or principles of action
of these imposing figures which was in any
waymediasval. They were as free from super-
stition as the sage of Ferney. Their culture
was that of the Renaissance. They possessed
a familiarity with the works of antique art
that would have fitted at least one of them
for the post of director of
museum in Europe. The art they com-
missioned and encouraged was the negation
of that of the Middle Ages. Bramante, the
greatest architect of the period, was the
apostle of the classic revival. The artists
of the Sistine Chapel, the Appartamento
Borgia, the Loggia of the Vatican, and the
Farnesina Villa prided themselves on
their emancipation from the thraldom of
media) valism.
All this was, of course, well known to
Gregorovius why, then, did he include
;
the lives and times of these emphatically
Renaissance Popes in his history of Rome
during the Middle Ages
The reason he
':'
himself
assigns is that the Roman
ecclesiastical system of the Middle Ages
continued in existence until it was destroyed
by the German Reformation. But it was
not shattered in Italy by the German Refor-
mation, nor, indeed, over large portions of
Germany itself, and it displayed remarkable
signs of vitality in Spain and other countries
in Europe even to our own time. The author
admitted that the Middle Ages at Rome
closed a century before the events recorded
volume
in the present then, he felt called
; if,
upon to deal with this particular phase of
the history of the Papacy it ought surely to
have been in a separate work. His history
would then have stood forth as a completed
whole, a monument of vast research, of
steadfast labour, and of profound insight
into a little known, but deeply interesting
period, wherein, if the signs of growth were
THE A T H E N ^. U IM
few and feeble, the pause may not have
been without a recuperative effect on a
body politic so torn and lacerated as
that which survived the fall of the
Roman Empire. Further, the history of
Rome of the Renaissance from the pen
of Gregorovius would have presented
that momentous passage in the city's history
in more concrete form than it now ex-
hibits an appendix to the larger subject.
It would have gained because, in taking
up a new work, the author would have
been compelled to change his point of view.
His censure of the Machiavellian policy of the
Renaissance Popes, their nepotism and cor-
ruption, might have been equally severe; but
if it may be assumed that he would have
acquired a clearer knowledge of their springs
of action, the analysis would have been more
subtle, the portraits vivified by those strokes
which make for precision, and definition
would thus have been more lifelike and con-
vincing. It might have been the same with
the chapters devoted to the description of
the Renaissance monuments. These have
for more than three centuries been dis-
cussed by writers who have devoted their
lives to the study of the subject. Gregorovius
had made himself acquainted with all they
had written, and his artistic perception per-
mitted him to comprehend and assimilate
their ideas. At the same time, it is evident
that the appealed to his imagination
art itself
in only a modified degree. It did not evoke
in him the same enthusiasm as the more
primitive productions of a less cultivated
age. His description of the masterwork of
Renaissance art appears perfunctory, because
he had not thoroughly realized what were
its aims and intentions. He had accepted
too confidingly the doctrine that the arts
reached their highest perfection at periods
the richest when the moral and political life of nations
was in a decaying state, citing the instances
of Greece and Rome for antiquity and of
Italy and France in modern times, adding,
with unconscious irony, " the theory does
not hold to an equal degree in the case of
Germany."
In view of the claims to sovereignty
over Italy put forth by the German Empire,
and the frequent expeditions of the em-
perors into Italian territory, it was perfectly
natural that references to Germany should
often occur in the history, and it cannot be
said they are obtruded in the narrative
it is rather to the prevailing appreciation
from the German point of view that ex-
ception may be taken. It is in such refer-
ences as this that Gregorovius betrays his
chief limitation as an historian namely, his
want of detachment. He could never forget
that he was a high priest of the Teutonic
cult, and it is this which occasionally gives
his history the air of a colossal political
pamphlet. For his own public the
might not have
vehement partisanship
scutcheon, and while
been a blot in his
the attitude detracts from the historic value
of the relation, it has much to do with its
picturesque quality. Gregorovius was at his
best when describing some highly dramatic
situation, but he never assisted at it as an
impartial spectator. At the same time he
never forgot his position as a literary artist,
and was ever staunch in upholding the
dignity of his calling. Ho would liave been
no boisterous preacher of the gospel of
140
blood and iron. Neither can it be supposed
that he would have been greatly comforted
by those coruscations of Byzantine rhetoric
which have been vouchsafed to astonished
Europe in later times, wherein it is
announced that a species of spiritual
Trust has been negotiated for Germany
with Providence, much to the material
advantage of the former. Gregorovius'a
own message in the pages entitled The '
Author's Farewell,' at the conclusion of the
history, is a profoundly pathetic document.
Writing after 1870, when Germany had
emerged victorious from her death struggle
with France, he was naturally elated at the
fulfilment of all that he had hoped and
striven for. The German Empire had been
re-established, and if by Protestant Prussia,
so much the more enduring would it stand.
The Papacy had fallen, never, as he
believed, to rise again; he himself had heard
its funeral knell. Italy, which he loved
with genuine devotion, was at last united
and freed from the yoke of the foreigner.
Here, indeed, was matter for congratulation,
yet for rejoicing not unmingled with awe
and trembling. Possibly this overpowering
good fortune may have brought to his mind
the legend of Polycrates, and, as an his-
torian, none knew better than he the muta-
bility of human affairs. He sought refuge
in the region of ideas, finding solace in
speculations perhaps too hazy and unsub-
stantial for many of his readers to care to
follow. But they will all unite in admira-
tion of the unswerving nobility of his aims.
The most strikingly dramatic event
recorded in the present volume is, of
course, the sack of Rome. The consciousness
of his mastery as an historical painter, and
the desire to attack a subject requiring
a canvas of the largest dimensions, may
perhaps have been among the reasons
which induced Gregorovius to bring his
work down to a date affording him the
opportunity of displaying his special talent
to the best advantage. No more tremendous
catastrophe has occurred in the history of
Europe, none in which the elements of
the appalling and the grotesque were so
horribly intermixed. In vivid language the
historian proclaims that
" the sack of Rome in the barbarous times of
Alaric and Genseric was humane in compariKon
to the horrors inflicted by the army of Charles V.
We may recall the triumphal procession of the
Christian religion m the midst of the city
plundered by the Goths, but wo can discover
no such act of piety in the year 1527. Here
nothing meets the eye but Bacchanalian troops
of landsknechts, accompanied by half-naked
courtesans, riding to the Vatican to drink to
the Pope's death or imprisonment."
quote passages from this tragic
But to
chapter would be to convey a faint impres-
sion of its general effect. To be properly
appreciated it must be read in its entirety.
It only remains to say that Mrs. Annie
Hamilton's rendering of the text is a master-
piece of translation a translation which it
is safe to assert would have received
tho
highest commendation of the illustrious
author. No loss pleased would ho have
been with the handsome presentation of tho
volumes, which are in tho good form of
solid British typography.

150
The IFord of the Sorceress. By Bertram
Mitford. (Hutchinson & Co.)
Mil. MiTi'OKi) has already made a name for
himself by stories of South Africa, which, if
they have not had the vogue of ' Allan
Quateruiain or 'King Solomon's Mines,'
' and
at least show more careful workmanship,
and a more thorough knowledge of the
country. We do not as a rule go to novels
for geographical or ethnological information.
Still, when Mr. Haggard tolls us light-
heartedly that liidaba-timbi {indaba, for
izindaha,ezimbi, "bad affairs," or " stories ")
means " tongue of iron," we are apt to grow
suspicious on other subjects as well. We
do
not forget that he has appeared before the
public in the character not only of a
romancer, but also of a serious historian.
But it is his novels which are, or were, read,
and, leaving a certain bias in the average
mind about things South African, prepared
the way for a favourable reception of his
other books.
Mr. Mitford's latest story is a sequel to
'
The King's Assegai,' which we remember
reading with great interest some seven
years ago. Perhaps it suffers from the
common weakness of sequels, for we cannot
help feeling that it drags a little and ;
this is all the more to be regretted because
it not only, to our thinking, presents
in general a truer view of Zulu life and
character than the books above referred to,
but also aims at doing justice to a man
who has been unfairly treated in litera-
ture as in life Cetshwayo. The isibongo
(quoted on p. 235) recounting among
his praises that " he sits still
he is not the
first to strike at any man," is a far truer
description of him than the lurid accounts
which persuaded the British public that he
was a bloodthirsty tyrant, from whom the
Zulus needed to be delivered. We
might
remai-k, in passing, that Mr. Mitford seems
to us to have missed the point of this isibongo
by translating " he strikes at no man."
Kaqali 'niufitu, literally " he does not begin
a man," surely means "he is not the first
to strike."
The story is put into the mouth of
Untuswa, the hero of The King's Assegai.'
' "'And that will be never, O chief captain,'
In the prologue the narrator describes how
he meets the old veteran, with his stalwart
son Masingana, on the Greytown Eoad.
They formed part of a deputation (probably
the " Great Deputation " of April,1882,
which numbered in all some 2,000 Zulus, is
meant) travelling kwa' Rulumenti i.e., to
Government House at Maritzburg in order
to request that their king, then a prisoner
at Capetown, should be released. " When
are you going to send him back to us ?
We are children without our father," says
the old warrior.
The story proper is related by Untuswa,
and goes back to the days of King Mpande,
and the " War of the Princes " in 1856, when
Cetshwayo defeated his brother Umbulazi
in a great battle near the Tugela.
This,
however, is only by way of prelude, in order
to bring in the death of Lalusini, Untuswa's
wife, murdered by order of Umbulazi
in revenge for some of her predictions.
The action is mainly concerned with
the Zulu war, and with some incidents
which take placp in the hill-country
on the Swaziland border during the
"
THE ATHEN^UM N3901, Aug. 2, 1902
months immediately preceding it, where as inkosi, mnfana, ama-Bunu, it may be said
father and son, each in turn, save the life that native pronunciation does not invariably
of an English girl, the daughter of " Kan- place the final vowels beyond doubt, and it
yakwelanga," who figured in the first story. is especially difficult to discriminate between
The preternatural features in this recital e and i. But sibonga for isibongo can scarcely
the oracle given by the dead Lalusini, be allowed to pass, as Ngungundhlovu is, to
''
the umtagati Umhlangwe, half-snake, say the least of it, a more usual pronuncia-
half-man come with no incongruity from tion of the native name for Pietermaritz-
the mouth who relates them with
of a native, burg than ^Nkunlcundhlovu. Mr. Mitford,
entire belief, and we think Mr. Mitford has by-the-by, writes gahle for kahle ; we have
been well advised in putting his narrative noticed this same reversal of the g and k
into this form. And it is a lifelike touch sounds in other cases. But these are trifles.
of native shrewdness when Untuswa men- That he has a thorough knowledge of the
tions that his son, questioned about the language is proved in a hundred ways, not
bracelet which the white girl had given him, least by the charming isibongo doing duty
" told the tale of the slaying of Umzidhlayo, as a
dedication a feat on which we
and the rescue of Umsebe but of the heartily congratulate him.
Snake-Man said he nothing, deeming that
those whites would not believe that, and so
would disbelieve the rest of the story." Robespierre. By Hilaire Belloc. (Nisbet&Co.)
It would not be fair to give more of the Our author's avowed aim is "the resur-
story, which, once one is well into it, carries rection" of his hero. however,
Tallien,
the reader along swingingly enough (in spite would scarcely have recognized the present-
of longueurs which, to those accustomed to ment of his dread colleague which is now
the native style of narration, are not without before us. For Mr. Belloc is intensely
their charm), and will well repay the initial modern. So he performs the feat of revivi-
effort. The war with the Zulus is now, in fication according to the latest scientific
some respects, ancient history ;
yet, as it method, thereby moving- the spectator to
has become more important than ever that ask if any atoms of the original substance
we should in some measure endeavour to have survived the process, and, if so, to
understand the character and point of wonder to what extent those few resuscitated
view of these and other of our South particles have undergone transformation by
African fellow-subjects, it is as well to the spiritualizing of that which was natural
revise the verdicts that have passed so long and the raising to glory of that which was
unquestioned, and to perpend such passages sown in dishonour. The sky-blue coat, the
as these : silk stockings, and the powdered hair are
"And now, Nkosi, you will remember that almost the only vestiges we can find of the
idol of the Commune. There is the excellent
when the King, after this, sent Mundula with
an armed force to build a military kraal, there, frontispiece " from a reputed portrait by
on that very ground, to keep order among such Greuze," which recalls Madame Poland's
as these, your people looked upon it as a menace words : Eobespierre ricanant a son ordinaire
'
'
to themselves, and cried out that they should be et se mangeant les ongles"; the feline grin,
withdrawn If Cetywayo kept order in his the expression of self-satisfied cunning, agree
own land, you white people cried out upon him with the popular conception of the Jacobin
for what you called his cruelty, and if he did
leader but Mr. Belloc charms away these cha-
;
not, then you held him responsible because his Those treacherous eyes to him
racteristics.
children molested yourselves."
"But we must return straight to our own bespeak " sincerity " the visage, which to us
;
land, and give him our word not to re-enter appears so heavy in its lower portion, dis-
that of the English while the war lasted, unless covers to him "an insufficient development
openly and under arms with the forces of our of jaw." Carlyle's " sea-green, tallow-green
King. Incorruptible" becomes conspicuous by
" the delicacy " of his skin, whilst the
I answered, for the " word " of that Black One
'
formation of his forehead
"promising
has been, and always will be, to fight only in grasp and rapid reason, but ignoring the
our own land.' and unacquainted with doubt "
mysteries
Cetshwayo's case against the missionaries was we now learn, identical with that " of
is also very fairly stated on pp. 223-4. The all the Bourbons, of Diderot, of Voltaire,
truth about this and other things has long and of Mirabeau " (a craniological likeness
been known to the few who cared to get at between Honore Gabriel Riquetti and Louis
the real facts, but, though stated over and Capet is, indeed, a discovery). Yet, in some
" He saw
over again in print, it has failed to gain a respects, Robespierre was unique.
hearing beyond a limited circle. That it God men of a
Personal, the soul immortal,
has penetrated from polemical into general kind with men," words which sound like the
literature is something for the fair-minded echo of the homage paid by M. Hamel
to rejoice at. nearly fifty years ago to "the unfortunate and
" ('Histoire de Robes-
Weown we are somewhat surprised at the illustrious personage
estimate of John Dunn put into the mouth of a pierre,' vol. i. p. xiv), to that "just
one
native and a devoted follower of Cetshwayo the noblest of the martyrs of humanity,"
while not a word is said about his treacherous distinguished " by deep and tender love of
" one of the greatest good
conduct to that chief after the outbreak of his kind," and
the war, of which a Zulu could hardly fail men that have ever appeared on ea.vih.'^ibid.,
to be aware. The feeling expressed for him vol. iii. pp. 806-7). Iq fact, this 'Study'
is one of unqualified admiration. may be described as Hamel's elaborate work
Mr. Mitford adheres to the spelling Cetg- epitomized for English readers, and, some
ivago for which it does not seem possible may think, enlivened by those mixed
and
meta-
nowadays to find a justification. With phors, those affected, illogical, often
regard to some other Zulu words, such as incomprehensible rhapsodies, which Mr.
Inkose, umfane, Amabuna, more usually heard Belloc' mistakes for inspiration.
 " ;
N-aoOl, An;. 2, 1902
In his Danton ' our author was content to
'
class Robespierre as a " bourgeois," he now
lifts him from " the middle legal class" and
emphasizes the importance of the " de
before the name. Yet Hamel asserted that
" la particule me me soparoe n'implique
d' ailleurs, en aucunefa^on.l'idoede noblesse,"
and denied that his hero had any claim to
noble origin. Mr. Belloc devotes more
than two pages to the reflection that,
"coming from such a family, Robespierre should
have left some sequence of admini.stration to
influence through his posterity or his collateral
descendants the new era... .But it is the note of
his life and uf tlie subsequent chances of his
house that his position and his legend were as
uni(|ue and as exceptional as his character, "itc.
In he was a bachelor, which was not
short,
such an exceptional position if, as Mr.
Alger declares, "the majority of the
French leaders were celibates or child-
less husbands" ('Glimpses of the French
Eevolution,' p. 170). The Incorruptible's
legend grows still more unique when he
is found to lack "the sudden powers that
belong to men whose fires have draught
to them" when he is described as "errone-
;
ously identified" with the movement of
which he is presently named as " the per-
sonification " when he appears on one
;
page as " a man of insufficient capacity
singularly ill-fitted to his country, to its
traditions and its native humour, to its
colour, religion, and every essential," whilst
on another he figures as ' a man of the old
regime entirely a man of his time," as
evidenced by " the bright dress, the busy
attitude, the Latin training and the pedantry
of classical allusion He took the first
postulates of the Contrat Social' for granted,
'
knowing well that every one around him
did the same." As for
"the problem of his career you can solve it
only by standing where his own soul stood,
looking out with his own pale eyes to see the
bodiless world stretched on one unsupported
truth, and feeling in yourself, as you read, that
proximity of fixed conviction to organic weak-
ness which he knew to be his compound and
which determined the whole of his life."
Unfortunately Mr. Belloc does not tell us
what was that miraculous unsupported truth
perhaps he did not care to put himself in the
position necessary to discover it. For the
rest, "the thing in which Robespierre was
wrapped up was an idea of fulfilling justice,"
and " he had in his mind an impregnable
fortress wherein he preserved his convictions
unalterable." These " convictions," or
"principles," or "legend," or "ritual," or
" one formula of one department of enquiry"
was the creed promulgated by Rousseau,
according to which
" the whole community was to be manifestly
and explicitly the Sovereign the executive was
;
to become openly and by definition its servant
the limits of individual liberty were to be
enlarged till they met for boundary the general
liberty of all."
By adherence to this dogma Robes-
strict
pierre evolved the Terror the argument
might bring Jean Jacques himself to life
again.
With his mediocre talent how did this
dapper little lawj'er contrive, during the
height of the "Contrat Social" frenzy, to
reverse its decrees, to make himself " ex-
plicitly the Sovereign," and to use the
executive, the great committee, as his slave
THE ATHEN^UM
We should attribute the achievement
largely to his Pharisaical adoration and
laudation of himself. " I am not as other
men are," was his constant theme. " J'ai
un C(our droit, \ine ameferme, je n'ai jamais
su plier sous le joug de la bassesse et de la
corruption" (Hamel, vol. i. p. 7G), said he in
his first address to his constituents at Arras
in March, 1789. In every nation the popu-
lace, however debased, invest their idol
with fabulous virtues. In France the tra-
ditional object of their veneration had
fallen. Robespierre, a phrase - making
charlatan, exhibited himself to them as the
incarnation of excellence they fell down and
: And now,
worshipped him. Day after day his literary
conceit inflicted on the Assembly carefully
written orations of "interminable and in-
flexible monotony." Occasionally he had a
good text, as when he spoke on behalf of the
aged and dispossessed priests, or declared
the king to be " le premier commis de la
nation," or moved that ruinous self-denying
ordinance which forbad the re-election of
the members of the Assembly, or, again,
when he demanded the abolition of capital
punishment. Indeed, this last step was
needed to reinstate his own character, for
when he was appointed public accuser in
June, 1791, we know that his reputation as
" un homme sans mesure " caused others to
refuse the presidency of the tribunal criminel.
Far stronger, especially after Mirabeau's
death, was Robespierre's influence in the
" Jacobin Inquisition," which, by its net-
work of affiliated provincial clubs " watch
towers of suspicion"
"garrisoned and
organized the new municipal life of France."
On the king's flight from Paris, June, 1791,
it was from the tribune of the Jacobins
that Robespierre denounced the monarch
as a deserter and a traitor, exclaiming
courageously enough " This would be the
:
most glorious day of the Revolution did you
but know how to profit by it." But when
a month later Lafayette stamped out the
insurrection of the Champ de Mars and
panic seized the redoubtable club Madame
Roland records " Je ne connais pas d'effroi
:
comparable a celui de Robespierre." It is
significant that, though M. Hamel and Mr.
Belloc impugn the lady's veracity, neither
of them cares to cite her statement. It is
also curious to find the latter gentleman
ascribing the fall of the monarchy to the
king's personal cowardice in presence of
a mob :"he was more afraid of it than are
even landsmen of the sea." Now there are
landsmen and landsmen, but the stolid
demeanour of Louis and his ravenous
appetite on those occasions are traditional.
On that April day, 1791, he and his family
remained in the carriage for hours beset by
a raging populace, though he might at once
have stepped back into the Tuileries.
"It is nearly always true of the great
days of the Revolution that they leave
Robespierre behind." So it was when the
disasters to the national arms brought forth
the tumults of June 20th and July 1 1th,
1792. So w^as it also on August 10th when
"the nation took the throne, the orb and
the lilies, and in the lodge behind the
screen that veiled him, the face of the last
king was blotted out" (how about Louis
XVIIL, Acy), for this "was a supreme
action, and Robespierre was so much the
'r" negation of action," &c., &c., that he
151
remained safely at home. As to the Sep-
tember " lynchings," "by effect of which
he entered his Republic " {i.e., was returned
to the Convention as first member for
Paris), "though ho was forced to be a
leader by his contemporaries," he sat in the
Commune doing so little that " he might as
well not have existed" therefore " it is as a
;
man pure from any reproach of September
that history must regard him." M. Taine
thinks differently he shows him in the
;
Commune on September 1st and 2nd doing
his utmost to get Brissot and the Girondins
slaughtered.
as Condorcet has described,
" Robespierre is a priest at his house, in the
;
galleries of the Jacobins, and at the Convention
crowds of women hang round him, he gravely
receives their adoration he thunders against
;
the rich and great this revolution of ours is a
;
religion and Robespierre is leading a sect
therein."
His goal for the time was the destruction of
the Gironde and the death of the king.
" He determined to be the Lector of the
republican world," we are told, but it is
rather as the Lictor that he appears in
those January days when he declared :
"The sentiment which drove me to beg from
Constituent Assembly the abolition of
the
capital punishment is the very same which to-
day drives me to ask for its special application
to the arbitrary ruler of my country and to
monarchy itself in his person."
He had his will. "Then a fortnight and
France was at war with the whole world."
A foot-note explains that this is " An exag-
geration " the remark might appear with
;
advantage on other pages.
In spite of his standing quarrel with the
Gironde, Robespierre stood aloof from those
hostile demonstrations to which the mis-
management of the war exposed the Roland
ministry in March, 179.'3. Nor did he assist
in the forging of "the Republic's most un-
republican instruments," the Revolutionary
Tribunal and the Committee of Public
Safety. But we think that a more active
part than Mr. Belloc is inclined to allow
was taken by Robespierre in those events of
June 2nd which placed him at the summit
of his ambition (Hamel, vol. ii. p. 712).
The following month Danton was succeeded
in the Committee by Robespierre, who, with
his satellites Couthon and St. Just, hence-
forth formed the Triumvirate. The Reign
of Terror had begun. In view of "the
little shrine" in which the Incorruptible
"kept his principles hard as diamonds,"
the apology Mr. IBelloc now makes for his
hero seems to us curious. A crisis, ho
remarks, had come; "the man who would
appear to govern" must yield to it. Danton,
the stronger man, fled; Robespierre, the
weaker man, yielded, because he feared to
lose the popularity which gave him the
aspect of that complete power of which ho
was enamoured, but which he never
possessed. " Pressed by the worst of licence,
for the moment an unwilling slave of
Herbert (?) and his madmen, he was yet
if he was to call himself the master bound
to go with the flood." The blood of the
queen and of the Gironde was demanded ;
he yielded :
"A call from the sunlight came up north-
ward to [the (iirondiiis] and glorified their end.
It was already the time of the vintage. The
vineyards by the great river were full of
 ;

152 THE ATHEN^UM N3n01, Aug. 2, 1902

men and made a moving tapestry under the
mild pleasure of their autumn. At this season
a secret working runs through all wine, and
something that is more generous than content
gives praises for the summer past and rest from
creation with the silent plenitude of energy.
The vine prepares life, and supports it against
the season of darkness and cold. This link of
the summer ended and the mists beginning, a
viaticum for winter, was for these men in I'aris
a viaticum before the long time death. These
clear souls, chained in the north, received the
influence," &c.
Thus does Mr. Belloc seek to enrol himself
with the Tyrant" and the taunt " the blood Holy Matrimony . By Dorothea Gerard.
of Danton chokes you," the arrest of the (Methuen & Co.)
Triumvirate, their release by the Commune,
This is by way of being a problem novel
the night of expectancy passed in the Hotel
and (so quickly does the wheel of fashion
de Ville, the arrival of the troops of the Con-
revolve) a problem novel of the domestic
vention, the capture of the wounded Robes-
sort comes to one with a sort of freshness,
pierre and of his followers, and their
as a lady's figure might, garbed in the mode
consignment without form of trial to the
" May God be merciful to him of the last decade. This is a carefully written
guillotine.
and interesting story, the scene of which is laid
and to us," said Carlyle. Mr. Belloc ejacu-
lates, " God have mercy on his soul and on
in Germany and Hungary. The last para-
graph consists of a piece of advice to mothers
each of ours, who hope for better things,"
of marriageable daughters. It is also the
a somewhat strange coincidence.
text round which the story is written :

amongst those poets whose function, he tells

"
It does not do without money, but also it
us, "is to reconcile the otherwise meaning-
does not do with money alone nor will it ever
less or puerile rhetoric, the grotesque exag- NEW NOVELS.
do with money alone, eg long as hearts are
;

gerations of the Revolution with our sober

admiration."
A Douhle-larrelled Detective Story. By Mark young and blood is warm. Yet the reign of
Twain. (Chatto & Windus.) happy poverty may be coming but that day ;

The Terror was not an anarchy, but a cannot dawn till we have all risen together, we
despotism adopted by ignorant rulers as the Mark Twain's new story makes an un- poor ones, we loving ones of the earth until ;

quickest way of obtaining the unification of comfortable impression on the reader. One we have struck out for our rights, until the
power necessary to defend the country from cannot help thinking that the great joke tyrannical, the poisonous luxury of our age is :

"
its foreign invaders. However, Mr. Belloc of the story lies in the fact that there is dead I

clearly proves that in spite of the Com- none. The book can be read pleasantly The book is distinctly interesting and full of
mune Kobespierre "by an alliance with enough as it passes from one absurdity thoughtful passages which show genuine
Danton would have been able at one moment to another, with its characteristic quips insight into the feminine mind "It was :

to [stay the scourge] and let France slip and racy turns of expression, but one no use keeping my attention to the good
back into the normal." His intimate friend feels at the end that one ought to study qualities he possessed nerves in revolt do
;

Camille Desmoulins asked him, in the J'ieux it all through again to find out what it
not recognise qualities, but only antipathies
Cordelier, "why the word Pity should have is driving at. To enjoy a comic story one and sympathies."
become a crime in the Republic," and likes to be on confidential terms with the
immediately "the Terror began to surround writer. One likes laughing, but hates being
Camille." Presently Danton sealed his fate laughed at. With such an old friend as McGlusky. By A. G. Hales. (Treherne
by inquiring of Robespierre why there were Mark Twain, however, it is pleasanter to & Co.)
still so many victims, " Royalists and con- assume one's own dulness than to imagine The person of the title of this delectable
spirators I can understand, but those who that one is being taken in. narrative was a " Scot - Australian,"
It is easy to be
are innocent ? " The destruction of the mildly amused at the introduction of Sher- whose habits were those of an ill-trained
Hebertists was achieved March 21th. Early lock Holmes in the character of a perfect bull-terrier, and whose manners were some-
in April Robespierre in like manner accom- fool, but in justice to Mark Twain's reputa- what disgusting. When he was sober his
plished the extermination of the Indulgents, tion it must be said he is not at his best conversation had the twang of the camp-
including his friends Danton, Desmoulins, even here. In the rest of the story the meeting revivalist or hedge-parson, compli-
and Lucille Desmoulins. hand of the master is not easy to recognize. cated by the dialect which novelists have
To sanctify further crime by religious invented for their Lowland Scotch heroes.
charlatanry, to pose as the Messiah of a new Why a native-born Australian should have
sect and to take the leading role in that The Neio By Percy White.
Christians. spoken in the accepted tongue of the " kail-
comic opera, the Feast of the Deity, was & Co.)
(Hutchinson yard" we cannot say but he does it in this
;

rendered easy to him by the folly and de-
votion of such fanatics as Catherine Theot and
Dom Gerle. Two days later, moved by his
ruling passion, "an idea of fulfilling justice,"
he decreed the negation of all justice by the
law of the 22nd Prairial. His object, we
are told, was " to impose the pure Republic
upon the nation and
to end the Terror."
However, he failed because when he ob-
tained this decree which was "to make
the Committee as absolute as a con-
The author may be congratulated on another
very readable study of modern manners.
The soft, self-pleasing high priest of
New Christians is no mere Sludge
medium, nor does the estimate of
"a curate with a turn for conjuring"
exactly meet his case. He is not always,
nor altogether, a charlatan, though he con-
sciously fools such enthusiasts as Mrs.
Galbraith (who, in spite of her mysticism,
book, even when the author has carefully
explained that he was speaking in a mixture
of Dutch and the Basuto language, and
the addressing naked savages. But Mr. Hales
the would appear to be in far too great a hurry
him as
to trouble about verisimilitude, or, for that
matter, any of the canons that rule litera-
ture. His practice of dragging his con-
temporaries into intimate relation with his
characters in such narratives as that of
'
McGlusky is in very questionable taste.
'

is a winsome, even charming character) to

queror over a city taken by assault,"
is
he was under the false impression that
he was master of that executive body.
Surely such an excuse is invalidated by
the fact that Robespierre was able to pass
such a, law in spite of the undoubted
opposition of the Committee. On the terrible
manner in which the new weapon was
wielded we cannot dwell. We note, how-
the top of their bent. His occasional bursts
of idealism are true to nature, though the
net result of his complex qualities is that he
is generally contemptible, especially in his
relations with the three women to whom he
makes more or less love in the course of his
career. He is, in fact, neither morally nor
socially a gentleman. A yet more vulgar ex-
'French laughed till his ribs rattled."
" Winston " was a " shy boy." " Kitchener
smiled," and said this and that. It is
But McGlusky is
all rather wearisome.
tolerably amusing, when intoxicated, and
was worth portraying with a little care if
Musical
he was worth portraying at all.
readers will be glad to learn that Mr. Hales
has definitively announced that The Holy '

ploiter of fads is the American inventor of

ever, that, unlike some of his hero's apo- City' is "the grandest of modern sacred
the " sacred stones," who establishes a rival
logists, Mr. Belloc admits that from "the songs."
law of the 22nd Prairial to the day of Robes-
school of faith-healing. The conversations
between this precious pair are particularly
pierre's fall in Thermidor he was absent
racy indeed, the same may be said of the Time and Chance. By Elbert Hubbard.
from the Committee but six times, just once ;

(Putnam's Sons.)
general level of the dialogue. Some de-
a week." the story of John Brown,
scriptive passages, as that where the Mr. Hubbard tells
Animated, but lengthy and
confused, is not a good plan to
widowed Octavia Lee visits the country but forgets that it
is the author's description of the revolt Troy from Leda's eggs.
churchyard, are in a vein we have not begin the tale of
of the Convention against this " prin- wearied long before the point
hitherto reckoned among the author's The reader is
cipal opponent of the Terrorists," of his
endowments. is reached where the story ought to begin.
abject but vain appsal to the Mountain
Mr. Hubbard does not possess the art of
for protection amid the shouts of " Dawn
telling a story effectively. He is too apt to
 ;

N3901, Aug. 2, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM i:.3

be led away by jocularity that oae does not
want, and by sententiousness that is merely
commonplace.
ni'sitation Sentlmentale. By I'Auteur
Amitie Amoureuse.'
'
(Paris, Calmann-
Levy.)
TuE author of '
Amitie Amoureuse
puts
out his present novel as suitable for j'oung
' an introduction ought to take note of geo-
ladies. We
do not, on the whole, approve
its tone, and it contains at least one passage
which well-brought-up girls would rightly
think nasty.
LOCAL HISTORY.
"^
A Histonj of tlic Coiiniij Dtihlin. Bj' Francis
Elriugton Ball. Part I. (Dublin, Thorn.)
It was quite time that a new history of
Dublin county should be written. ]\Iaterials
have been accumulating rapidly by the dis-
^^ery, indexing, or publieation'-of a large
dumber of historical documents, and although
the actual archaeological remains arc not very
numerous or striking, they have received more
scientific notice of late years, and we probably
know as mixch about them as is to be known.
Mr. Elrington Ball has contributed papers on
the history of the county to the Pvoceedincjs
of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland,
and these, together with two articles by the
late Prof. Stokes, form the groundwork of the
present volume. Mr. Ball is a careful and
laborious investigator, and has made full use
of the rich collections in the Irish Public
Eecord Office, the Koyal Irish Academj', and
the library of Trinity College, Dublin, besides
the manuscripts in the British Museum and
not to be confounded with "picturesque" released wo bolieve he went on with his
writing. Mr. Ball is a little disposed to be improvements, but the treatment he had
fiowery at times, and it is a tendency to be received was not likely to make him feel
severely repressed but he has shown great
; favourably towards the Protectoral Govern-
patience and industry in collecting his ment. Mrs. Ciiminson furnishes a pleasing
de
nuxterials, and if ho can complete his parochial
sketch of Medmcnham Abbey, aiul Mr. H. H.
annals with a general historical outline his Ilarcourt Smith's paper on Hampden House is
work will rank high among its follows. Such interesting.
logical and other changes incarly times, which
A Histovii of Strclfonl. By H. T. Crofton. /
Vols. I. and H. (Chetham Society.) The first
arc here completely passed over. The illus-
of these volumes was issued by the Cliethani
trations are unequal in merit, but unquestion-
ably useful. Wo cannot say much for the Society in 1899 and the second in 1901. A
third A'olume will eventually complete the
choice of type and format. The reproduction
of the Ordnance map is inadequate. What w'ork. Mr. Crofton has shown considerable
pains in collecting material from a variety of
is wanted is a series of historical maps, show-
\ ing divisions of lands and estates.
Nearly all the papers in Memorials of Old
sources, much of it being original. The first
volume opens with a sketch of the early history
of Stretford, the important township and
BiickuKjlicDnshiye, edited by P. II. Ditchficld
chapelry of the great parish of Manchester.
(Bemrose & Sons), are too sketchy to be of
value, and some have been so carelessly com-
The account of tho waterways, from the
Mersey and Irwell navigation scheme of 17:^0,
piled as to obscure rather than augment such
and the Bridgewater Canal from Worslcy to
knowledge as the reader may already possess.
Manchester of 17G1, down to the Manchester
For example, in one place we are told that Ship Canal of 1891, is well and succinctly told.
Thomas Scott, the Regicide, who was at one
The village chapel of Stretford probably
time member of Parliament for Aylesbury,
originated in a domestic oratory for the Traf-
retired into Buckinghamshire to end his days,
ford family and their tenantry at an early date,
whereas nothing can well be more certain than though there is no definite record of a separate
that he was among those hanged at Charing
chapel until the time of Henry IV. A chantry
Cross soon after the Restoration. In another
was founded in this chapel by Sir Ednuuid de
place Louis XVIII. is confounded with
Trafford in 1513, and there was curious litiga-
Charles X., for we are actually informed
tion about tho chantry lands in Elizabethan
that after his return as a consequence of
days. After the Reformation the fellows of
Waterloo, Louis was once more driven from
the Collegiate Church of Manchester were
the throne " by another of the many revolu-
supposed to serve the cure of Stretford, but
tions for which France is famous." There are,
in 1573 the fellows so neglected their duties
however, a few favourable exceptions to the dull in this and the six other chapelries that the
mediocrity of the greater part of the volume.
queen's commissioners ordered them to keep
Lady Verney's paper on 'Claydon House and the residence and admonished them for remissness.
Vcrncys is a very pleasant memoir of an old
'

Bodleian and, of course, he has the Rolls
;
publications, cliartularics, fiants, calendars,
and
incxuisitions at his fingers' ends. He has
The transitional state of religion even twenty
and stately mansion, and gives information not years later in Lancashire, and the difficulty of
to be found, so far as we can call to mind, in
eradicating the old ideas from the minds of
her Memoirs of the Verney Famil3\' There
'

also made a study of the Dublin newspapers of
the last two centuries and of a considerable
range of literature bearing on his subject.
The result is a mass of valuable and accurate
information ou the history and archieology of
the eastern or coast part of the county, extend-
ing from Blackrock to Killiney, and roughly
divided from the western part bj' the Dublin
and Wicklow railway line. This first instal-
ment of the new history thus includes Monks-
town, with its castle and ruined church
Kingstown or Dunleary, and Bullock Castle
Kill o' the Grange, Killiney, andRochestown
;
Dalkeyand its island church besides Carrick-
;
;
mines, Leopardstown, and Stillorgan.
those who are resident in the county or
To
familiar with it the abundant details col-
ic-ted by Mr. Ball will be of the greatest
interest. Of course, like all county histories,
the people, are strikingly illustrated by a docu-
is a short account of some of the pictures at
ment issued in 1590, signed bj' seventeen
Claydon which is interesting among them is
;
preachers, and headed 'The Manifolde Enor-
one of Mrs. Turner, the introducer of the once
mities of the Ecclesiastical State in most partes
famous yellow starch, and another of Sir
of the Countie of Lancaster.' The second
Edmund Verney, the royal standard-bearer, signatory is Oliver Carter, the most earnest
who fell at Edge Hill, both of them historical
of the Manchester fellows, who at this period
characters, but in all things else widely
sometimes preached at Stretford. The enor-
different. Sir Ralph, his successor, led an
mities included such matters as the observance
unhappy life though in religion a Church of
;
of fasts and festivals, erecting crosses in the
England man, he was a political Puritan
streets and highways garnished with candles,
during the early stages of the war, but his the use of beads and private praj'ors in church,
moderation soon caused him to fall under sus-
the devout use of the " popish chrism," and
picion. He was for some time an exile on the
ridiculing and disturbing the authorized
Continent. When lie returned he had two church services. It was further stated that
great objects in life to pay off his father's the churches were generally ruinous, unre-
debts and to make beautiful his home and its paired, and wanting in things decent and
surroundings. He laid out pleasure grounds,
necessary, because the parishioners would not
planted trees in great numbers, and we hear contribute and that the chapels of case,
of many goodlj' English flowers and pot-herbs
;

the interest is necessarily somewhat local, and
we think Mr. Ball has unduly emphasized this
characteristic liy dividing his l;ook into
parishes and treating each parish separately.
There is thus no attempt to give a collective
view of the development of the county, but
being supplied for the gardens. Claydon House
when he came back to it had Ijecome A'ery
dilapidated he restored it in a most effective
;
manner, according to the taste of the time.
The roofs and window casements were especially
which were three times as numerous as tho
parish churches, were destitute of curates,
" many of them supplied with leude men,
and some bare readers." William Hodgkin-
son, curate of Stretford, seems to have
l)ecn one of those lewd men at all events, :

each fraction is taken in detail. We hope it
is Mr. Ball's intention, when the whole work
is done, to prefix a general introduction
which will gather together the salient features
of the parochial history and give a bold out-
line of the changes that have come over the
county. From stray notices here and there it
is evident that he has a good grasp of
the con-
ditions, whether in the pre-Dissolution days
when most of the lands descril>ed belonged to
the Cistercian Abbey of St. Mary's or to the
Augustinian canons of tlie Holy Trinity (Christ
Church), or in the later times when theChureli
property was distributed among Court or
Roundhead favourites. To make these phases
of past history live before the readei-'s
out of order. His desire evidently was to
lead the life of a free-handed country gentle-
man, but he was careful to avoid waste; he
possessed a most trustworthy housekeeper,
who suffered many things at the hands of the
workmen. She says that all of them " do so
worry me for drinke that tho' I many times
anger them, and hourly vex myselfe, yet we
spend a great dealc of beer 3 barrells the
;
last weeke." Those were not the days of
contract work, and in the great houses down
to the end of the eighteenth century it was a
custom to give beer to any one who asked for
While this happy work was going on a
it.
great change came over Sir Ralph's fortunes.
In the summer of KJ.w he was arrested and
London. Royalists were
in 1381 he was presented at an episcopal
visitation for keeping an alehouse. A
new church was built in 1812, but Stretford
only ceased tol)ea chai)elry (gaining promotion
to parochial rank) in 1851. In the church are
four silver-headed warden staves, two of which
are marked "Stretford, 1719," and the other
two "St. Matthew's Church, Stretford, 1812."
One of the uses to which thcsestavcs were put
is thus described by an old gentleman who was
warden w'lien the new church was built:
"On most fine Sunday uaorniDgB we left our pew
at the earliest moment consistent with decency, and
leisurely i)eramliiiliite(l the vill;iKe, iiippecting tho
variouspublic-hoiisfs, ami satisfying ourselves that
there were no thirsty poultry at 'Tiie Cock,' and
I'isliop Bla/.e had recovered from his week
'

carried away to

eyes tliftt
no doubt demands higher powers than those of revels. One*', witii my three co]lenKU(;s. we rapped
plotting all over the country, and he was sus-
at the door of 'Tiie lalliot' with our silver-headed
the investigator. It needs the proper and
restrained use of the historical imagination

pected unjustly, we believe of countenan- staves and demanded ndmiBsioi). When the door
cing tiieir designs. He was kept in prison so was at length fnitivdy opened, the maid, evidently
which has nothing to do with fiction and is long as seriously to injure his healtli. ^^|len new to l.er work, held uji both liandji in pious

154
Lonor, ami exclaiineci, '1 am very sorry, j,'eiitleiiieQ."'
you can't come in. I can't fill you anything '
1
part of the first volume is taken
The greater
up with extracts from the Strotford registers,
which begin in irj'.)8. Thoy are of no special
or remarkable interest, save to genealogists
or those in search of family details. To such
extracts are only tantalizing. It would have
been better cither to give the registers ver-
batim or to condense their description
into a few pages. The second volume con-
sists of churchwardens' accounts, manorial
records, and vestry minutes. The earliest
book of the wardens of Stretford Chapel begins
in 1717. A vote of the inhabitants was taken
in February, 1718, when it was decided "that
the chapel shall bo taken down and sufficiently
rebuilt." The actual money expended on
unroofing and pulling down the old building
was only I'Js. id. The precise particulars of
the expenditure on the new chapel are some-
what curious and worth giving in full but
we should have thought that various other
extracts and later details from the vestry
minutes were scarcely of sufficient interest,
or of enough A-aluc to justify publication by
the Chetham Society. Manorial records, if
well edited or faithfully transcribed, are
always of value. Unfortunately those that
are preserved of Stretford are of no
particular age. The two volumes that
remain of the proceedings of the Stret-
ford Court Baron date from 1700 to 1733, and
from 1782 to 1872. A good many of the
later entries, which are mere repetitions as to
opening ditches and repairing fences, seem
scarcely worthy of the attention of a society
whose business it is to print the "historical
and literary remains of the palatine counties
of Lancaster and Cheshire," but there are
many interesting gleanings as to the eighteenth
century. In 1701 the court ordered "persons
having doles in the Bradley Sixteen Butts
and Mear to sett meare stones in their accus-
tomed places." Fines were frequent for such
offences as "overcharging," that is, over-
stocking the common lands for turning
; The introduction to so substantial a work Tahir was an illiterate who sang but as the
horses into the Eye before Michaelmas Day
for tiirning cattle into the Eye after March
11th ; for turning out diseased cattle or
horses; for carrying "sprinklings" (horse-
droppings) off the Lord's Lane and for
; graphical and historical character. As con- it is here
ploughing up the byland between one dole
and another. When James Green is entered
as fined " for moving part of the Irons bank a
second time over, contrary to custom," it is
to be supposed that "mowing" is intended.
The jurisdiction of the court was wide and
varied. In 1701 Samuel Johnson was fined
3s. 4(?. "for a bloodwipe on William Hatton,"
that is, for a blow that drew blood. An entry
of the following year shows that "an Assault
made in the highway and in the night-time,
contrary to the custom of this manner," was
subject to the double penalty of Gs. 8d. In
the case of some stolen wood being found, and
the owner unknown, the jury adjudged that it
belonged to the lord of the manor. Felling-
trees without the consent of the lord was a
finable offence thus in 1705 the felling of two
;
poplars without licence was amerced at 10s.,
and of an ash at Is. The fines in this and other
cases were evidently apportioned according
to the circumstances of the offender. On the
other hand, the court had power of felling
in certain cases. On February 5th, 1705,
Thomas_ Moss was ordered to fell the poplar
at the side of his house as a common nuisance
as the tree was still standing on May 23rd|
he was fined lO.s. The Court Baron of Stret-
ford objected to dogs, and frequently legis-
lated with regard to their lives or their
control. In 170i two Stretford men were
ordered "to tye up or clogg every
hound they keep within this township."
In the following year James Gee was
ordered to keep his dog at home or make
away with him within a month under penalty
THE ATHEN^UM N-'SOOl, Aug. 2, 1902
of Os. Hd. Afew years later Francis Jordan and historic character. The extant cou)ity
was instructed "to keep his dogg either documents of Somersetshire begin in 1647 the ;
tyed or mussilled and to begin to doe the earliest cited printed county paper in these
same in ten days time." At the same period volumes is dated 1817. Should an appendix
George Kobinson fared worse, for he was ever be issued to these laborious volumes, it
ordered by the last "either to hang his would be well to overhaul the county muni-
dogg or otherwise to dispose him out of the ments.
Town."
BibliothecaSomersetensis. ByEinanuel Green, ORIENTAT^ LITERATURE.
F.S.A. 3 vols. (Taunton, Barnicott&Pearce.) The Lament of Bdbd Tuhir. The Persian
Mr. Green, a well-known Somersetshire Text edited, annotated, and translated by
antiquary, is to be congratulated on having Edward Heron - Allen, and rendered into
undoubtedly produced the best and most English Verse by Elizabeth Curtis Brenton.
thorough county bibliography that has yet (Quaritch.)
Baba, Tfihir was a wandering
been issued. It should serve as a model for dervish, or, in Mrs. Brenton's phrase, a "Fanatic
others engaged in or contemplating like work Tramp," of whom virtually nothing is known
for other counties.
The arrangement is except and even this is uncertain that he
alphabetical, under author's name where lived about the middle of the eleventh century.
possible, otherwise under the first noun of His quatrains, some sixty in number, which
the title. A comprehensive index of about are written in the dialect misnamed Pehlevi-
one hundred pages, with three columns to the Musulman, and may be described as lyrie
; page, is also given, so that speedy reference epigrams of divine love, are still chanted all
to that which is required is rendered certain. over Persia to the accompaniment of the lute.
The index has been severely tested without Notwithstanding their mystical tendency, they
detecting a single failure. The strict alpha- are distinguished by an artless naivete and
betical arrangement has only been departed directness recalling the hymns of Novalis, and
from in one instance. The books on Bath contrasting delightfully, in this respect, with
were found to be so very numerous that much that ranks higher in Persian poetry. It
they have received separate treatment, and seems unlikely that Omar Khayyam was in-
occupy nearly the whole of the first volume. fluenced by his vagabond predecessor. Both
Of printed sermons the compiler takes a men drew their ideas and symbolism from the
low estimate, and uses his opportunity to show Sfifi theosophy, and the form (though not the
a considerable theological bias on matters metre) of their verse is the same. Here
concerning which he is singularly ill informed. the resemblance ends. Omar had a penetrat-
The preacher at the consecration of Bishop ing intellect, Baba Tahir was a crazy saint.
Montague in 1608 "ventured boldly to defend The one loved passionately, the other indulged
the office and function of bishops, and claimed in a Platonic attachment. We do not find in
further for them a divine right or origin." Baba Tahir audacious wit, mocking satire, and
Mr. Green actually adds to this, " So novel a carpe diou conclusions any more than we find in
doctrine caused a great commotion." He is Omar the childlike devotion and simple piety
also of opinion that the first nonconformity which utter themselves in this stanza :
was produced by the Act of Uniformity, appa-
Happy are they indeed whose Friend is God,
rently unaware of the continuous legislation Who, giving thanks, say ever, " He is God! "
for a century before that date against Happy are they who always are at prayer.
Recusants of various persuasions, a term Eternal Heaven is their just reward.
which was the equivalent of Nonconformists. It must not, however, be supposed that Baba
; of reference ought not to be marred by the linnet sings. He was well versed in, and gave
insertion of the author's individual and admirable expression to, the subtleties of
somewhat crude views. It would have been Siiflism e.g., the paradox of the indwelling of
better if it had been exclusively of a typo- God in the soul could hardly be put better than
:
siderable attention is given in these open- It my Sweetheart is my heart, how shall I name her ?
ing pages to the legislative curtailment of the And if my heart is my Sweetheart, whence is she named ?
freedom of the press, it is a pity that Mr. The two are so intimately interwoven that
I can no longer distinguish one from the other.
Green did not study his subject a little more
closely. It is stated that "the restrictions Mr. Heron-Allen, though greatly indebted, as
against the press were allowed to expire in he acknowledges, to M. Huart, who published
1695"; but nothing is said as to the re- the text and translation of these quatrains in
imposition of restrictions a little more than a the Journal Asiatique (1885), and to Mr. E. G.
century later, when certificates and licences Browne, has performed a useful service in sup-
were required by the owner of any printing plying an apparatiis o-iticus derived from
press, even if such a press did nothing more various sources. His prose rendering is toler-
than print a few commercial labels. This ably exact, and we can affirm with confidence
action was a serious impediment to provincial that the notes on the language leave little to
printing, especially of curious tracts and be desired the explanatory notes are few and
;
pamphlets. Notwithstanding, however, its not full enough, but a complete interpretation
blemishes and omissions, Mr. Green's intro- would have been out of place in a book which
duction is useful and valuable as giving a does not profess to be purely scientific. None
general survey of the style and nature of local the less it is a creditable piece of work, and we
literature, with a cursory notice of the fore- feel justified, therefore, in offering a few sug-
most Somerset authors. The Bibliotheca
' gestions for its improvement. Dilviin (iy. 2) is
'
might surely be improved in one direction. from ddr, tree there is no tree called da.yvan\
;
It is of rather particular interest to note the and navvan, which Mr. Heron-Allen seems to
date or dates at which the quarter - session be thinking of, is against the metre. In viii.
authorities of different counties began to use the rhyme-word tmfin is probably dialectical
printing for their lists of prisoners, tables of for (hum. XI. is an exhortation to the soul
; fees, or balance sheets of the county treasurer. to cast off her "fleshly dresse " and return to
In Derbyshire theprinting of oneclass of county God. The epithet in xxx. 1 is perhaps ndznhi,
documents began in 1760, and of another in lovely. We should translate xliv. 4, "Wilt "
1783. Moreover, there are usually for every thou not tell me why my head is turning?
county a large number of recognizance forms, i.e., why I am distraught. Mr. Heron- Allen
flax and hemp papers, apprentice bonds, has mistaken the meaning of Iviii. The poet
various curious licences and permits, as well is not asking for a longer life (the last thing a
as militia balloting forms, all printed locally, Sufi would do in any circumstances), but for
many of an unexpectedly early date. This his sins to be forgiven. M. Huart's explana-
class of printed matter seems to have been tion of the fourth line is correct. The sense
ignored by Mr. Green, though of a uoteworthy is, " Forgive me. Thou hast seen my sins, but

N3901, Aug. 2, 1902
Thou eaust overlook them." Mavdan (Ixii. 4)
ofteu siguifies " men of God," "mystics."
Mrs. Brentoii has rcudorccl Mr. lleron-
Allen's prose into lliient, but rather common-
place verse. Iler free-and-easy style is some-
times irresistibly comic : of
Love, to ba sweetest, Love-Returned must be.
For else the Lover's Heart grows sick, you see
Take Majnuii, he was desperately in love.
And Leila even more in love thiiii
It would be Tinfair to quote these lines as a
sample of the Avhole, but line taste cannot be
expected Avhcrc a sense of humour is wanting.
Mrs. Brenton's verso is generally readable and
spirited. We have only to add that the volume
is beautifully printed by Mr. Quaritch, whom
we congratulate on his enterprise.
NoHvelles Rechevclies sur les Cliams. Par
Antoine Cabaton. (Paris, Leroux.) The
power, wealth, and institutions of the Cham
people were celel)rated by Marco Polo. " At
the present time," says M. Cabaton,
~'scattered in Annam, at Cambodge, and in some
parts of Siam where the^- liave been carried as
captives, tbe remnant of the Chams are in such a
state of decadence that their disappearance cannot
be long delayed, whatever may be done to avert it."
This forecast is fully borne out by the author's
account of their religious ceremonies, which is
not only /e//.v opportunitatr, but extremely
valuable in itself, as he has derived his infor-
mation from native sources. After giving a
list of their divinities, male and female, whose
names are corruptions of Arabic and Indian
titles or formula', he describes their priests
and priestesses, the religious festivals, the
funeral rites, and the principal nstcnsiJes dii
culte. Some useful remarks on the language, a
motley jargon of which the foundation is Malay,
introduce a series of ritual texts accompanied
by translations and native commentaries.
M. Cabaton observes that his researches
" ne sont qu'un essai, et je me suis borne
:\ livrer
des documents sans avoir la pretention de resoudre
d'obscurs probl6mes. L'importance historique de
ces documents, d'ailleurs tous inedits, n'est pas
douteuse."
All those who are interested in the languages
and religions of the far East will thank M.
Cabaton for the abundant material which he
has provided, and will appreciate his clear
and orderly method of presenting it. The
volume may be recommended also to students
of folk-lore and comparative religion, who will
find it
creased by a
suggestive. Its attractiveness is
number of photographs and
drawings.
In the work entitled Fiinf neue ctvahische
Landschaftnumcn im Alien Testament {BcrUn,
Eeuther & Reichard) Prof. Kcinig discusses
the identification of certain Biblical place and
tri be names proposed by Hommel and Winckler
whose somewhat revolutionary theories are
effectively criticized. He does not, we
observe, accept the view adopted by Prof.
Cheyne and others that " the land of Egypt "
(Misraylm) from which the Israelites went
forth is really MusrAn, or Musri, a district
in North- Western Arabia. The section
dealing
with this substitution, which, aoording to
Hommel, should be made in a number of pas-
sages in the Old Testament, is interesting
and important. Among the other names
examined are Asshurim (Genesis xxv. 3)^
A'shur, a Xorth Arabian tribe, and Sihor
generally referred to the Nile or one of
its
canals, but identified by Hommel with
Wadi
Sirh;'in, in the Syrian desert. .\n excursus is
devoted to the rivers of J'aradise mentioned
in Genesis ii. 10-14. We liope that this book
will be read liy many students of the
for it combines three qualities often
Bible,
fountl
apart erudition, brevity, and good temper.
,
THE ATHEN^UM
nOOKS FOR TOURISTS.
Many books, no doubt, are "written up"
to a set of illustrations, but it is not always
so frankly acknowledged as on the title-page
Picturesque Shwch (F. E. Robinson),
where the book is described as " a portfolio
: of sketches by Duncan ]\Ioul, with descriptive
by Gibson Thompson."
he.
letterpress Mr.
Moul's drawings are, perhaps, the more
substantive part of the work. Tiioy are very
pretty, and the subjects, mostly architectui'al,
are well selected ;but Mr. Thompson plays
up to his partner very creditably. We do
not know whether the title is meant to imply
that all the picturesque in Surrey lies, with
one or two exceptions, to the left of the
Portsmouth Koad but, save for a chapter on
;
Farnham, and trips to Sutton and Newark,
that is all that artist and author have
honoured with their attention. We must
leave it to them to make their peace with
Walton, Weybridge, Chertsey, Woking, Chob-
ham, and the other districts they have
neglected, merely pointing out that when
they are on the prowl again they will find no
lack of material in these also for pen and
pencil. Surrey has, as was natural, been as
much written about as any county in England,
and more is on the way. But there seems to
be still room for critical investigation. A
curious instance of the way in which one
writer is content to follow another, and of the
ease with which a conjecture will pass into
an accepted article of faith, is to be found in
the talk about the so-called " Pilgrims' Way."
Every modei'u writer on Surrey, from Mr.
^laldeu in the new volume of the great
*
Victorian County History to the compiler
'
of the last popular guide-book, has something
to say on the subject. The one thing none
of them will tell us is how they know that
there is any "Pilgrims' Way." Of course, in
one sense, every road in England by which
any shrine could be reached was a "Pilgrims'
Way"; but why a particular road or roads
(for the authorities do not seem sure whether
it ran at the top or the bottom of the hill,
or half-way up) near Guildford should bear
this title no one, so far as we have ever seen,
has yet explained. The road in question taps
a thinly peopled district, with Salisbury Plain
and the New Forest close by to the west.
Mr. Maiden's "crowd of pilgrims from
Winchester and Southampton" (why South-
in- ampton ? Normandy and Brittany cannot
have furnished many, and the rest of the
Continent would surely have preferred a
shorter sea passage, in days when there was
no Chatham and Dover to deter) can hardly
have been very imposing. When, again, does
the name first appear ? Here our authorities
are vague. " Tlie road to which the crowd of
pilgrims gave the name," says Mr. Maiden;
" the Pilgrims' Way, the name given later to
an ancient British track," is Mr. Thompson's
phrase. Very much later, we should say. Can
any instance of it be found before 1830 or
thereabouts ? The surveyors who worked
under Col. Mudge, in ISIO, knew it not;
Cobbett, who was intimate with the district
and fond of references to mediseval things,
has not a woi-d of it. We commend the
inquiry to the next Surrey topographer, in the
hope that he may be more convincing than his
predecessors. Closely connected is another
pious opinion which seems on the high road to
become a dogma. Most persons wlio know
anything of "picturesque Surrey" know tiie
oliurch of St. Martha, near Guildford. Mr.
Thompson, as may be supposed, docs not over-
look it. We do not quite make out whetiier
he considers that the pilgrims actually climlxid
up to it on their way from (Juiidfoi-d cast-
ward if they did they were' less wise people
;
than we take them to have lieen, sup))Osing
time and shocloather were any objects, though
for tlie Sunday tranq) desirous merely of a nice
155
walk it is a good object cnougli. But any one
wishing to get from (iuildford to Sliero, which
woukl bo the obvious way into Kent, without
loss of time, would certainly go by Newlands
Corner. As to St. Martha's, however, Mr.
Thompson tells us " tlic name is pretty cer-
tainly a corruption. Sancti Martyris is the
older form, and in the case of a laic twclftii-
century building, in such a place, the 'Holy
Martyr' can be none other than St. Thomas
of Canterbury." Now we should like to ask,
has he evei- seen "Sancti Martyris"? The
name of the church -a i)arisli church, be it
noted, and no cliapel is no doul)t variously
given. In the taxation of Pope Nicholas IV.
(1291) it is " Ecclesia Sanctic Marthic " in ;
148G and again in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of
Henry VIII. it is Martyrhill" parish of" in
the former year, in the later it is valued with
Newark Priory on Speed's map (IGIO) it is
;
St. Martin's
a form of which there is at least
one other instance in the Shipmoney assess-
;
ment of 1G;U it is again St. Martha. Lastly, in
or about 1780 Gough, supplementing Camden,
tells us it is " miscalled St. Martha instead of
Sanctorum Martyrum dedicated to St. Martha
;
et omnibus Martyribus." On the whole, then,
it would seem as if St. Martha had tiie best
title after all, for Gough gives no authority
for his statement, and St. Thomas has, as one
may say, not so much as a look in.
Verifica-
tion, we can assure Mr. Thompson, is the first
and last duty of the antiquarian writer. Even
in recent matters it is not out of place, for the
most trustworthy guide may go astray. Thus
Mr. Thompson makes use more than once of
the Dictionary of National Biography.' From
'
that source, doubtless, ho has taken the infor-
mation that Matthew Arnold "was buried in
the same grave with his son and the tomb-
stone bears the inscription, Awake thou Lute
'
and Harp, I myself will awake right early.' "
As he would have seen if he had gone to Lale-
ham, neither statement is correct. The graves
are contiguous, and while the son's bears the
inscription given, that on the father's is quite
different. The meaning of a statement that
" Claremont is obviously the scene of Jane
Austen's 'Enmia'" wo cannot divine. The
" clericus hujus ecclesiie " who puzzles Mr.
Thompson at Nutficld by being in laj' costiune,
with a wife by his side, was, we should sug-
gest, the parish clerk. We hope Mr. Thomp-
son will not think we have been unduly
censorious. His book is as good as the
average of popular illustrated topographical
books. But there is so much interest nowa-
days in local history and the like, and so much
material is now accessible, that it would seem
quite worth while for some one to go a little
beyond what has passed muster hitherto, and
produce a work on the scale of the present
which should be at once pleasant to read, as
this is, and trustworthy as a book of reference
for those whose -means will not reach to great
books like the Victorian History.'
'
Probably there is no countrj' in the world
which foreigners visit so much and know so
little about as Switzerland. Of the thousands
who make yearly holiday in the country ninc-
tenths seem to regard Switzerland as merely
a longer synonym for the Alps, and would stare
if they were told that not a quarter of the
Alpine chain lies in Swiss territory, or that
tiie Alps occupy little more tlian half the area
of Switzerland. Their knowledge of its con-
stitution as a rule seldom exceeds tiiat of the
writer who, in an article which wo once read,
in a review that is notiiing if not well
informed, spoke of "the curious division of
the country into cantons "; asone miglit speak
of the curious division of a liouse into bricks.
Of thceducational iire-eminonceof Switzerland
tiiey have not an idea. On its military system,
from wiiicii we in Krigland might take a useful
hint, tiicir mind is a blank ;
wliile as to
tlio social con<li(i<)ns of tlic country, their
conception of these is probably babied on

156
a hasty goriei-aliz itiou adapt a I'anioii.s
(to
mot) from theii- guide. such may bo
To all
V warmly commended Mr. A. 'W Story's book
Sicias Life in Town and Conninj (Newnes), as
good a sketch of the Switzcr at home and the
laws and customs which regulate his conduct
as has appeared since the days of Abraham
Stanyan. Even to those who are not visiting
the country it will do no harm, in these
Imperialistic days, when bigness and great-
ness are apt to be confused, to learn something
about the sturdy, self-respecting little com-
monwealth which has contrived to secure
social equality without loss of oflieial subordi-
nation, and freedom without detriment to
order. As to the effect on the individual,
which after all is the one test of a country's
institutions, we can only say that while the
Swiss may have his faults chiefly of manner
wo have never met with him in the character
of either a prig or a snob. "I once," says
Mr. Story,
"asked a native). Zurich, a man extremely well-to^
do, if he (lid not fear contamination (of manners or
morals) by seeding his children to the primary
schools. He smiled. 'No,' said he, I have no fear
'
of the kind. Nor has my wife. She even thinks
that the presence of the children of the rich in the
schools tends to improve the manners of those who
"
are of poorer parentage.'
No wonder that "a noted Englishman " whom
the author once met characterized the Swiss
as "educational cranks." The whole chapter
in which Mr. Story deals with education is
well worth reading just now. few points A
call for correction in the next edition, which
ought speedily to be reached, if Swiss
travellers profit by their opportunity. The
population of Basel-Stadt is not less than, but
about six times as large as, that of Appenzell-
inner-Rhoden. It is useless, in face of the
facts presented by Bern and Graubiinden, to
infer any relation between the altitude of the
soil and the religion of the inhabitants. One
side of the Jungfrau and the Finsteraarhorn
is Protestant, the other Catholic the same
;
holds good of Piz Bernina and Piz Buin.
Catholic Fribourg and Solothurn have just
the same physical features as Protestant
Neuchatel and Vaud. " Bagnethal " and
" Basel-Campagne " are hybrids not to be
commended. We do not think the best
authorities on glaciers hold that "they are
formed by the partial thawing of the snow on
the higher peaks, followed by subsequent con-
gelation." The glaciers that now descend
as low as 1,G00 metres may, we believe, be
counted on the fingers of one hand. Lastly,
Mr. Story should get a better construe
Romanisch poem which he gives
little
seventeenth chapter. We can hardly admit
With joy would I sacrifice mj'self to
Even to the last droij of my blood,
as a "fairly literal" rendering of two lines
which really mean
I would defend thee valiantly,
As the apple of my eyes.
The are often very pretty
little illustrations
but the artist must have been rather put to it
to find so many good-looking young women as
appear in one capacity or another. The best
friends of the Swiss would hardly maintain
that feminine beauty is one of the prominent
features of their country.
Mr. C. G. Harper is indefatigable with the
pen, but w'rites, we are glad to say, much
better than most of our constant producers.
His Cijcle Eidcs round London, Ridden,
Written, and Illustrated (Chapman & Hall),
should be very useful to many who hardly
realize how near they are to historic and
beautiful places, and perJiaps keep to one
or more main roads which are thick with
dust and the dashing "scorcher." Starting-
points and other practical details are judi-
ciously explained, while the literary flavour
of the book, (hough occasionally irritating, is
agreeable on the whole. Lines of the route
THE ATHEN^UM
are provided with names of places, while the
illustrations and type are good. With Mr.
Harper's aid one can easily reach such spots
as Penshurst, Ightham Mote, Milton's cottage
at Chalfont St. Giles, in a beautifully wooded
district, and Gray's Stoke Poges. Gray, by
the way, does not appeal strongly, we fancy,
to Mr. Harper. But he was one of the best
letter-writers in the language, and the quota-
tion from him on p. 214 ought not to be
reduced as it is. Some lines of verse should
precede a passage given as "At the foot of
these [beeches] squats ME
(// jJcrKsero-so)." It
should run "squats ME
I," a pleasant piece
of lingo which we find in other familiar litera-
ture of Gray's times.
Though we are not much in love with the
a hurry may find a good deal
title, tourists in
of convenience in Pearaon's Gossiiiij Guide to
Edinburgh and District (Pearson), which has
the advantage of being easily pocketed. It
seems to contain pretty well all the infor-
mation that the visitor requires in order to
see Edinburgh in two or three days and feel
that he has missed nothing of importance, and
the facts appear to be accurate so far as we
have tested them. The chief omission is that
of any adequate account of the beautiful walks
over the Pentland Hills, which are so charac-
teristic and unforgettable to those who have
once enjoyed them. The index, too, might be
fuller with advantage. The illustrations,
chiefly from photographs, are numerous and
excellent but we cannot say so much for the
;
maps, though these will probably serve the
turn of the tourist.
In London and Disti-ict and Tlie English
Lalces, also in " Pearson's Gossipy Guides,"
the pictures are well chosen and the informa-
tion in some points ahead of other books of the
sort. Thus we have maps of Hyde Park
Corner, Trafalgar Square, and of some of the
better-known clubs on a larger scale than
usual. A map giving the position of all the
London theatres woitld be useful. More might
also be said about facilities for booking tickets.
The maps generally are passable, and the in-
troduction to London good. Nothing new can
be expected about the lakes. Some of the usual
errors of taste and exaggerations are avoided.
We find, for instance, a much better account of
Lodore than usual. Bat the account of Conis-
ton is unfair. The locomotive does not shriek
" just above " the church, as any one will find
who has to catch the train, nor is the railway
particularly conspicuous. Such exaggeration
is foolish. The violent wind on the top of the
of the
Old Man might have been noted, also the cold.
in his
tbee,
CL.^.SSICAL LITERATURE.
In Homeric Society : a Sociological Study of
the Iliad and Odyssey (Longmans), Dr. Albert
Galloway Keller has classified with great
fulness and care all the passages of the two
poems which bear on the history of culture and ; of place to note that the epithets do not in
;
the result of his examination is presented as a
continuous narrative with exact references for
every statement. He appears to have over-
looked little or nothing, and the picture is
drawn with scrupulous fairness. There are, of
course, many passages which admit of more
than one interpretation, and we shall by-and-
by indicate some of these; but the author
shows as a rule very little prejudice, and is
content to draw inferences from the text.
Now and then, however, he assumes a theory
which others have deduced from other evi-
dence, not always with full reason. On
marriage, for example, he quotes Wester-
marck with approval, although his theories
have not been generally accepted, and are likely
to be replaced. We seem to see also a ten-
dency to lay too much stress on the theory
of Animism as a factor in the genesis of reli-
gion. Further, the author assumes too much
for the influence of the East, and leaves out of
;
N^.SOOl, Aug. Q, 1902
account the possibility of difl'erent grades of
culture among the triljcsof kindred race which
successively by conquest occupied the ^Egean
area. The reader must be prepared to make
deductions for these and similar prepossessions
but, ajiart from those deductions, he will find
the book a more useful summary of the Homeric
evidence than we know of elsewhere. The
work begins with a sketch of the "ethnic
environment" of the Greeks, in which great
importance is assigned to the Phfjcnicians as
go-betweens in culture (a word, by the way,
which Mr. Keller uses in the material sense,
without explicitly recognizing that the Greek.s
were far in advance of their neighbours both
intellectually and morally). A
false assump-
tion must here be pointed out : it does not
follow that the purveyors of the means of
culture were themselves more advanced in
culture than their clients (p. 16). Next comes
industrial organization, followed by religious'
usages, property, marriage, government, and
justice. The section on the relation of guest-
friendship seems to us especially valuable we ;
do not remember to have seen its importance
as a binding factor in the social system so well
set forth before. Mr. Keller sees in it the
real bond amongst the contingents of the Trojan
exi^edition he says
;
:
" The whole force of public opinion supported th&
expedition in a manner which indicates a collective
aim to avenge an attack upon a collective posses-
sion the integrity of guest-friendship was certainly
;
a more vital matter to all Greece than inter-tribal
alliances were to the separate tribes, though the latter
are found to have been of high local importance."
Here he carries to its extreme the view of
the wife as a piece of j^roperty but there is-
;
no doubt that this was the underlying view of
the Homeric Greek. His account of cult is
also good, and so is the distinction he makes
between propitiatory magic and exorcism or
black magic, of which there are no traces in
the poems. The relation between the gods
and fate is well brought out. So, too, is the
essentially wholesome, temperate, and reason-
able character of the Homeric Greek in moral
relations it becomes clear how infinitely
;
superior this wonderful race was to all others
in balance of faculties, in the typical virtue of
Having said thus much, and
aui^ipoo-vvi].
made clear, we hope, that the book deserves
high praise as a whole, we proceed to indicate
certain points which seem to be open to-
criticism. First, as regards the animals, Mr.
Keller is too ready to associate them with
cult. It is, of course, true that the older
foods, as barley, once the sole staple, con-
tinue to have a chief importance in cult after
others have been introduced but we fail to
;
see why the story of Hyperion's oxen should
be held to imply "cult-selection and tabu"
(p. 170). The epithets
" cow-eyed " and "owl-
eyed " (which is not certainly the meaning of
yAai'KWTTts) are a very weak foiindation for a
theory of animal-headed deities it is not out
;
any case refer to the head. Nor, again, is the
use of the word "dog" as a term of abiise a
proof that the dog was once a cult-victim
(p. 170). The principles of sacrifice among the
Greeks have yet to be investigated. A great
deal of nonsense is talked about it by scholars,
especially those who incline to a sj'mbolical
interpretation of things. Mr. Keller is not
free from this prepossession, as will be seen
from his explanation of the oath by the Styx.
Again, he inclines to underestimate the com-
monness of writing in those days in view of :
the Cretan discoveries we must reconsider old
theories. The relation of the Homeric Greek
to the earlier civilization of Mycense, when
we know more about it, will probably modify
many of Mr. Keller's deductions amongst ;
masonry to a non-
them his ascription of fine
Greek people. One detail may further be
corrected the time of the "ox-loosing" was
not evening, but midday, as the context

N^SGOl, An;. 2,
shows (see p. 33). It is
sehoh\rs, who
doing snch good work in
ai-e
manj' departments, have commonly so little
feeling for style. Words like "societal " are
no gain to the English langnagc and why say
"aleatory element" for chance, or " onns "
for burden? " Syngenism " may bo a con-
venient term for the
feeling which an individual entertains toward
the fellow-members of his own societal group,"
but it is certainly not " neat." feel bound
in duty to point out these things, but we do
with reluctance, and, finally, wish once more
it
to say that the Ijook is full of interest, and
that its merits far outweigh its faults.
Properthis, edited by Prof. J. S.Phillimore,
is a notable addition to the Oxford classical
texts (Clarendon Press). If dead poets ma^
be supposed to interest themselves in the
fate of their writings, Propertius,
would turn oA-er these pages with equKl
astonishment and gratitude. After so many
splendid eraondators ho must have despaired
of finding an editor who is frankly conserva-
tive ;who holds that copyists, if they some-
times mistake, are still men, not beasts
and
who objects to the Roman Callimachus being
treated as though he were a model of Attic
symmetry. Of late years Propertius has
been largely rewritten by various hands, and
the new recension was threatening to super-
sede the traditional text. Prof. Phillimore's
edition is based upon a careful examination of
the Codex Xeapolitamis N, to the archetype
of which he assigns a date anterior to the
Keuaissance. A manuscript invested with
supreme, or rather unique, authority is apt to
prove a hard master, and, without impugning
the pre-eminence which is claimed for X, we
think that too much respect has been shown to
its readings on the whole.
Certainly it makes
the poet more obscure and incoherent than
over. Xot a few lines in the text, apart from
those marked corrupt, set us wondering
whether Propertius enjoj-s the privilege of
Mahomet, whose blunders in the Koran have
been canonized and have passed into the
classical language. At the same time, if the
principle is sound, as wo believe it is, Prof.
Phillimore deserves credit for having carried
it out thoroughly. He contributes about a
dozen emendations, some of which are very
happy e.f/., fptod noUm: nostras te violasse
deos ! (i. 7, IG) si piier est, miimo tvaiceimella
;
fHo/(ii. 12, 18); curautem (ii. 32, 5);oumi
est (ii. 34, S3); tiimcmit (iii. 17, 17); patria
metuar (iv. 4,55) citi iuvntos (iv. 11, 53). He
;
retains vei-hn querar (i. 8, 22), Aquilo (ii. 5,
4),
suhlimine (ii. 25, 17), and vadiis as an adjective
(ii. 9, 12, and iii. 11, 51).
It may be worth
while to propose siib petaso Iwc for suppetat
hoc (iv. 2, 37), which comes in awkwardly and
appears to lack point.
The Relifjion of Plutarch. By John Oak-
smith. (Sheppard & St. John.) This essay,
as the title-page tells us, was submitted for
the D.Litt. (London) degree. For that pur-
pose it is very well suited. The author has
conscientiously read through the text of
Plutarch and most of the literature on
the subject; he has used the new edition of
Bemardakis he has given good and scholarly
;
translations of many well-known passages
his quotations from Greek, Gorman, and
French sources are accurately printed
and show scholarly care. Still the book
does rot display any unusual strength or
elegance. The preface seems to indicate a
sort of feeling that tiie author had discovered
Plutarch's Moralia,' because ho can cite only
'
three or four books which have oflicially dis-
cussed them. Yet Volkmann and O. Greard
have said nearly everything that Mr. Oak-
smith has said, nnd if he had known and
consulted Prof. MahafTy's two chapters on
Plutarch in his Greeks under Roman Sway
' '
he would have found many things regarding
;
1902 'r II E AT II E N JE U M 157
a i)ity that American the social side of the ' Moralia '
which would extent Plunket also, owed much of their want
iiavo served him as illustrationsBut, after of popularity to that coldness of manner which
all, Plutarch, though little read as a impaired oven I'eel's inlUience J( is odd that
philosopher, is well known to the literary tho groat orator of Catholic emancipation
; world. His Lives have
'
probably in-
'
left a name, but little more. Vet i)olitical
fluenced the world more than any Greek friends and opjionents agreed in estimating
prose book except the New Testament his powers as a si)eakcrat the highest possible
"tolerant or kindly and so scholars have always paid atten- value; and one not incompetent judge declared
tion to his ethical side, though his ab- that had he been bred a statesman rather than
sence from tho programmes of schools and a lawyer, Plunket would have been the greatest
We universities makes it possible for so-called of all Parliamentary orators.
Hellenists to ignore him. Beyond the Perhaps tho most generally interesting of
scholastic excuse for this, which is a certain Mr. Falkiner"s studies is that which deals with
contempt felt for his classicism, and hence for the Earl-Bishop of Derry. His explanation of
his style (which is often really beautiful), the inconsistency between the aMows, so far
there is a psychological excuse, which we will in advance of his age, and the ill-consideretl
state for the benefit of tho schoolmasters, actions of this highly remarkable personage,,
though we disagree with them. There is in as being duo to temporary mental aberra-
the Moralia a certain prosiness, a certain want tions, seems plausible, especially in view of
' '
of crispness and effect, which makes him akin his parentage (ho was a Hcrvey).
we fancy,
Mr. Falkiner writes well and has a good
to BoswoU in more points than his biographical
genius. The spirit of compromise breathes not grasp of his subject. The only serious inaccu-
only through his philosophy and his theology, racy which wo have noticed in the book is
but also through his whole life, and this spirit that Fox is at least once spoken of as Prime
does not lend itself to splendid literature. Minister, whereas he was never the nominal
The wonder is that the Lives have made' ' head of an administration.
;
their mark upon the world and not only that,
; We are very glad to find that Buckle's
but even upon the mind of Shakspeare, who Civilizalion in Eiirjiand is now to be had in
is content to follow Plutarch as a model with three volumes of the "Silver Library"
hardly an alteration. This being so, every (Longmans). Buckle's theories and scheme
essay upon him must command interest, and seem rather obsolete nowadays, but his book
we can commend this account of Mr. Oak- is so full of erudition and so admirably sug-
smith as giving an excellent summary of tho gestive on points which have few capable
work done by his predecessors in this field. exjiositors that it may be read with advantage
He tells us that the edition of Bernardakis to-day. We wish that this edition was not
was attacked by "Prof. Wilamowitz-Moellen- so heavy to hold.
dorff of Giittingen," a description which shows
that Mr. Oaksmith is not " in the swim " of The Rev. C. H. Brooke has done well itt
making available in English a series of the
classical affairs and we would gladly have had
;
from him in foot-notes some of the passages best French sermons. His translation is ex-
which he translates from the emendations of cellent, and the little dumpy books are well
Bernardakis. But the present essay is printed and produced. The two latest addi-
probably the forerunner of a larger and more tions to this library are Tlie Saint's Example:
a Memorial of Queen Victoria (W. Walker) and
elaborate book, to which we look forward with
iS7u! Loved Aluch (Masters & Co.), which both
satisfaction.
contain great discourses by Bourdalouc' and
Bossuet. The effective use of the Vulgate
\ OUR LIBRARY TABLE. Latin by these preachers can hardly, unfortu-
nately, be retained to-day, but their combina-
The Studies in Irish History and Biofjraphy,
by C. Litton Falkiner (Longmans), "mainly tion of lucidity and eloquence is as fresh as it
ever was. We heartily commend the " Great
of the eighteenth century," essay, not without
success, the too rarely undertaken task of
French Preacher Series."
considering Irish questions from a strictly
neutral standpoint. They are revised reissues
The Writers' Year-Boole, published by the
Writers' Year-Book Company, is more like a
of articles in the two great quarterlies, to- pamphlet than a book, but is to be commondetJ
gether with two papers of a lighter nature. for sound practical information concerning all
The Grattan Parliament and Ulster and kinds of papers and the contributions which
'
'
'
Castlereagh and Ireland in 1798 to some they want. Special attention is paid in a
'
extent overlap, and have as their central preliminary letter to matters of common sense,
thesis the demonstration of the widely differing the general neglect of which is enough to make
aims of the two sections of the so-called every editor into a pessimist. The warning,
" United Irishmen" the Protestant Republi- Do not write on both sides of the page, should
cans of the North and the men of the South have been added.
who eared only for politics so far as they Commandant Weil publishes through M.
served the cause of Roman Catholicism. It is Albert Fontemoing of Paris four more volumes
made clear, moreover, that the objects of the of his book on Le Prince Eu<j('')ie et Mural,
chief leaders of the political section were from 181^-1H14, of which we have already received
/
the first treasonable; and that it was tlie and noticed the first volume. The book is
effervescence of feeling caused by the French partly one of detailed criticism of warlike
Revolution, and not the severity of the Govern- operations and partly one of historj'. The
ment, which precipitated the outbreak. Mr. fighting on the northern shores of the Adriatic
Falkiner offers an interesting defence of three showed tho Viceroy Eugene Beauharnais at
great Irishmen, two of whom are held in his best, but has not much interoBt. The
; execration Ijy large bodies of their country- history contains fresh detailed proof of tho
men, while the tliird, the great orator Plunket, double-dyed treachery of Murat and of Napo-
has received but scant thanks for his great leon's sister Caroline. Murat's Queen of
services. John Fitzgibbon, Karl of Clare, was Naples seems to have failed to see that her
had he attitude, of promising militarj' assistance te
a powerful, if not a great statesman ;
been merely tlie bigoted lawyer wliicli he is both sides and waiting for a final decision
often represented, it is certain that i'itt would until it was clear which side would win, wan
not have given him so large a share of his not one calculated to maintain her on her
precarious throne against the legitimate Nea-
confidence, and successive viceroys would not
have leaned so exclusively uj)on him. Xor politan line, especially when the ditliculty of
was Castlereagh the monster of cruelty and inducing Fngland to support the policy of
incapacity which his opponents and their Metternich in making Murat oik; of the allied
descendants, aided by the pen of Shelley, sovereigns in order to save an Austrian army
have pictured him. The truth is that both had sodangorons an f)pponenta3 Lord William
Fitzgibljon and Castlereagh, and to a less Bcntinck, the representative of England on
 .

158 THE ATHEN^UM N-'SOOl, Aug. 2, 1902

tho spot and Captain-General on bclialf of single friend. But he managed to save a H. B. Baker (Ward & Lock), T/ie Circular
tlie Bourbons of the island of Sicily. Tlie new few pounds and launched his first literary Study, by A. Katherine Green (W'ard& Lock),
documents published throw some light upon enterprise, a monthly magazine called The Sakuntala or, the Fatal Ring, a Drama, hy
;

the relations of the Murats with Napoleon.
They contain a curious misprint in the passage
where we are told that "la Cour de Naples
sera exclusivement occupee du soin de sa
conversation," the last word being obviously
I'nhlic (load. Not content with this venture T. Holme (Walter Scott), i'oeins, by C. H.
he publislied the I'oeiic Comjyanion, the JMo- Pritchard (Sonncnschein), Tifphon, and other
(jvaphiail Magazine, and the I'eace Advocate. T'oems, by A. K. Sabin (Elliot Stock),
Then disaster came, anxiety broke down his Alfred the King, by R. Cornah (Elliot Stock),
healtli,andhe was able to pay only five shillings An Eirenicon for Chiirchmen,hy 'W B. Brad- .

jiieant for consevvaiion. The new volumes con-
tain a good deal of fresh matter with regard
to that remarkable man Prince Nugent,
commonly called Count Nugent, who is
hero said to have l)cen born near Dublin,
who entered the Austrian service in 1794,
and lived to be present at Solfcrino.
We are a little inclined to think that it
is a mistake to describe Nugent as a
Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He was,
we believe, a Papal prince and an Austrian
count and the Holy Roman Empire is, of
;
course, "the Empire," not the Pope. But if
our author is wrong upon this point he sins
in company with nearly all the books of refer-
ence. Another English figure is that of Lord
William Bentinck, a failure as a Governor of
Madras, whose actions in the Peninsula and
much questioned,
ill Sicily were afterwards
but who ended his life by being the first and
one of the most successful of Governors-
General of India. The life of Lord William
in Commandant Weil's appendix is, by a prin-
ter's error, described as being drawn from the
^ Dictionary of National BiLih'ograiJhy.' The
heroine of Commandant Weil's third volume
is Eliza Bonaparte. The Grand Duchess of
Tuscany comes out admirably from the dis-
patches, and her State papers, especially those
of them which are for the first time published
ill the present book, are excellent in their
simple dignity.
Commandant Weil's books have hitherto
interested only students of military history,
but his present work, which we imagine is
completed by the Peace of Paris at the end
of his fifth volume, is of permanent value,
on account of a few excellent pages of history
and also on account of the great mass of ma-
terial whichcontains.
it It is, of course,
possible that he may follow it up by a volume
in the pound. Nothing daunted, he again stock (Elliot Stock), Religion for the Time,
made a start and obtained possession of those by the Rev. A. 13. Conger (Philadelphia,
useful papers the English Mechanic and the Jacobs), r/ie Subtle Thing that 's Spirit, by G.
Building News. Fromthattimefortunefavoured Hodgson (Treherne), The Higher induism in H
him, he paid all his creditors in full together relation to Christianity, by T.E. Slater (Elliot
with interest, and then, as wealth came to Stock), The Doctrine and Literature of the
him, devoted it to founding the many public Kahalah, by A. E. Waite (Theosophical Publish-
libraries and institutions associated with his ing Society), The Pentateuch in the Light of
name. To-day, by A. Holborn (Edinburgh, T. & T.
MM. DujARRic & CiE. publish at La Clark),
Her Memory, by M. Maartens
Librairie des Mathurins of Paris, now removed
(Macmillan), and Hygiene and Public Health,
from the street which formerly gave to it its by A. Newsholme (Gill & Sons). Among New
name. La Muse Parlementaire : Deputes et Editions are Arnold's Expedition to Quebec, by
Senateurs, Poetes, by M. Potrus Durel. The J. Codman, 2nd (Macmillan), and The Ancient
constituents of the authors of the verses Stone Crosses of Dartmoor and its Borderland,
quoted, and their Parliamentary friends, will by W. Crossing (Exeter, Commin).
find much to amuse them
in this volume, but
its interest is lost as the book comes across
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
the Channel. We do not here, as a rule,
know the authors quoted sufficiently well to ENGLISH.
appreciate their verses, good or bad. The one Theologt/.
exception for English readers will perhaps be Brooks The Law of Growtli, and other Sermsns, 6/
(P.).
found in the humorous lines of M. Joseph Edwards (J.), Nineteenth-Century Preachero and their
Methods, 8vo, 2/6
Reinach on General Boulanger.
Poetry and Drama.
Wordsworth^s tSonnets, with a few of his Cryer(W.), Lays after Labour, cr. 8vo, 6/ net.
poems, is a recent addition to " The Bibelots " Florenz (K.) and Lloyd (A..). Poetical Greetings from the
(Gay & Bird), a series which has justly secured
Far }?ast, Japanese Poems, imp. 16mo, in case, 6/ net.
Munton (G. K.), Echoes of an Everyday Life, Poems, 2/6
great favour. Hesidential Rhymes, oblong roy. 8vo, sewed, 3/6 net.
Western (E.), Creeds, Crosses, andCredencla, Poems, cr. 8vo,
A Child's Gardenof Verses has been prettily 2/6 net.
illustrated by Miss Mars and Miss Squire for Political Economy.
Messrs, Rand, McNally & Co. (New York). Burton (T. B.), Financial Crises and Periods of Industrial
and Commercial Depression, cr. 8vo, 6/ net.
The small pictures seem to us to owe a great History and Biography.
deal to Mr. Robinson's illustrations in style. Knowles (M.), History of WicUen, cr. 8vo, 5/ net.
The full-page coloured pictures are not so Paul (H. W.), Matthew Arnold, cr. 8vo, 2/ net.
taking. The text is printed, as it should be, Tout (T. F,), A History of Great Britain to the Present
Day, cr. 8vo. 3/6
in a large, clear type. Van Warmelo (D.), On Commando, cr. 8vo, .3/6
We referred some months ago to the im- Geography and Travel.
Baring-Gould (S.), Brittany, 12mo, 3/
minent appearance of a high-class political Durand An Autumn Tour in Western Persia, 8vo,
(E. R.),
and literary journal at Beaufort West, Cape 7/6 net.
Colony, under the name of The Examiner. It Forder (A.), With the Arabs in Tent and Town, 3/6 net.

of non-military history describing the pro- has now come into existence, and the first four Education.
numbers have reached this country. Among Hooper (T. G.), Educational Studies and Addresses, 2/6 net
ceedings of the Congress of Vienna towards
Science.
Murat and Italy, and the attempt of Murat in the contributors are several well-known names,
Davison (C). Easy Mathematical Problem Papers, cr. 8vo, 2/6
1815 to recover the throne of Naples. There is and in the last number Dr. Garnett has an McConnell (P.), The Elements of Agricultural Geology,
this difficulty in his way, that we imagine that optimistic article on Is the Love of Reading
* roy. 8vo, 21/ net.
Increasing ? A special London letter is a Walker (F.), Aerial Navigation, cr. 8vo, 7, 6 net.
the facts relating to Vienna are all known. '

Watkins (R. L.). Diagnosis by Means of the Blood, 21/ net.

On the other hand, the British State papers
concerning the Sicilian affairs of 1815 have
only recently been made available, and there
is probably a good deal of unused material in
this respect ready to the hand of Commandant
Weil. We have always suspected that Murat
was lured to his destruction in 1815 by a
Bourbon or a Bourbon - British intrigue, and
the proof of this is probably now to be found
by those who search for it. Our readers may
iremember that at the time when the Marquis
de Sassenay wrote upon the subject he was
refused leave to see Lord William Bentinck's
dispatches and questions were asked in Parlia-
;
leading feature of the I'eview, and in that pub-
lished on June 30th, and therefore written
early in the month, we observe that the
resignation of Lord Salisbury and the succes-
sion of Mr. Balfour are predicted as events
about to occur immediately after the Coronation
A NEW paper, Gossip (Florence White),
gives a great deal for twopence, including a
serial by Mr. Pett Ridge which promises
well. It contains some useful hints on House-
hold Law,* of which most householders are
profoundly ignorant.
We have on our table Blacanlay's Life of
General Literature.
Adam (J.), Japanese Story-Tellers, translated by Osman
Edwards, roy. 16mo, sewed, 2/ net.
Baring-Gould (S.), Miss Quillet, cr. 8vo. 6/
Bowen-Row lands (L.), The Passion of Mahael, cr. 8vo, 6/
Chesney (W.), The Branded Prince, cr. 8vo, 6/
Florenz (K ) and Lloyd (A.), White Aster, imp. 16mo, 6/ net.
Hales (A. G.), Jair the Apostate, cr. 8vo, 6/
Houstoun (Mrs.), Sink or Swim ? a Novel, cr. 8vo, sewed, erf.
Japanese Fairy Tales, Nos. 1-20, in box, 12mo, 15/ net.
Japanese Months, 2 vols. cr. 8vo, sew ed, 4/ net.
Kelly's London Suburban Directory for 1902, imp. 8vo, 36/
' McKenzie (F. A.), The American Invaders, cr. 8vo, 2/6 net.
Matchett (W.), To Welcome the King, and other Stories,
mostly Humorous, cr. 8vo, 3/6
Oxley (J. M), L'Hasa at Last,
cr. 8vo, 3/6
Patton (Mrs. E. S.), Japanese Topsyturvydom, imp. 16mo,
sewed, 5/ net.

ment about these documents, which are, we

assume, now all of them in the Record Office.
M. de Sassenay, although a partisan of the
Bourbons, was himself evidently inclined to
5jelieve that Murat in 1815 had been dealt
with by disgraceful means.
J. Passmore Edwards, Philanthropist. By
E. Harcourt Burrage.
(S. W. Partridge
& Co.) The well-known subject of this little
Pitt, by J. Downie (Black),
Diocesan His-
tories; Llandaff, by the Rev. E. J. Newell
(S.P.C.K.),- Medicewd Wales, hy A. G. Little
(Fisher Unwin), Commonwealth or Empire,
by G. Smith (Macmillan), Democracy and
Social Ethics, by J. Addams (Macmillan),
The LastWill and Testament of CecilJ .Rhodes,
with Notes by W. T. Stead {Itevieiu of Reviews
Office), Religio Medici, Religio
Religio by a Student of Science and
Vito;,
Sergeant (A.), Barbara's Money, cr. 8vo, 6/
Stoker (B.), The Mystery of the Sea. cr. 8vo, 6/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Bullarium Franciscanum, Vol. 6, 40m.
Festgabe fiir H. J. Holtzmann, 8m. 60.
Kohlhofer (M.), Die Einheit der Apokalypse, 3m.
Peters (N.), Der jiingst wiederaufgefundene hebraische Text
des Buches Bcclesiasticus, hrsg., iibers., 10m.
Scientia},
Sauer (J.), Symbolik des Kirchengebiiudes, 6m. 50.
Fine Art.

volume was born at Blackwater, Cornwall, in Modern (H.), Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, lom.
Medicine, 1849-99 (Good & Co.), Advanced Political Economy.
1824. His father was a carpenter by trade, Perspective, by L. R. Crosskey and J. Thaw Raffalovich (A), Le Marche Financier, lOfr.
but eventually became a small brewer he was
; (Blackie), Omoard and Uinvard : a Book for History and Biography.
the only man in the village who took in a Boys and Girls, by H. H. Quilter (Sonnen- eierc (Col.), Guerre d'Bspagne Capitulation de Baylen,
:

weekly journal, his choice being the Penny
Magazine ; his means were small, and he could
only afford to devote twopence a week to his
son's education. About 1846 Mr. Passmore
schein), Key to the Rules of tlie Stock Ex- 7fr. 50.
Philology.
change, by F. Chiswell (Effingham Wilson), Franz (W.), Die Grundzvige der Sprache Shakespeares, 3m.
Coronation, by B. Hamilton (Ward & Lock), Rzach (A.),'Hesiodi Carmina, 18m.
The Warrior Woman, by E. Vizetelly (Tre- Science.

Edwards came to London with but a few Bibliographie Scientifique Fran^aise, 'Vol. 1, 17fr.
herne), Uncle Joe's Legacy, by Guy Boothby Henael (K.) u. Landiberg (G.), Theorie der a'gebraischen
shillings in his pocket, and could not boast a (F. V. White), J?obe)-f M'incr, Anarchist, by Funktionen, 26m.
 N3901, Aug. 2,
Kronthal (P.), Von der ^'ervenzelle u. iler Zelle Jm'Allge-
nieinen, Itjm.
General Literature,
Corday (M.>, Les EmbrasC's, 3fr. 50.
Gyp, La Fee, ;!fr. 'M).
Nion ^K. (1e), Les Passantes, 3fr. 10.
A FRIEND OF NKLSON.'
Will you allow me a brief space for
on a rather remarkable review of my book A
Friend of Nelson that was in your issue of
'
July 12th M)' attention has only just been
.'
called to it. Your reviewer con6nes himself
almost wholly to the historical points involved
in the sttiry, and accuses me of having " traves-
tied " the battle of Copenhagen. He accuses
me of writing as if I supposed the guns on both
sides of the British ships were in action simul-
taneously. I have to confess that I wrote loosely
in a manner that was capable of such a construc-
tion, had not the whole account that I gave of
the battle been sufficient, or so I should have
thought, to show any fair-minded critic that this
could not possibly have been my intention. My
intention was to f;iy that all "available" guns
(and I confess my error in not inserting that
qualifying word) on both sides (i.e., on British
and on Danish) were engaged. In a diary
1902 THE ATHENE UM 150
Hutchinsju seems to think our remarks hyper- But the practical (|uestion of change of pro-
and that we had nothing else to object to.
critical, prietorship stirred Mr. Hartley Aspden (London)
This is not correct, but space was limited, and to give a succinct account of what was customary
it did not appear necessary to point out that in such a case aniDUg Englishmen, and a further
the friend is introduced to Nelson a year development of the subject may be expected
after he has been received into Nelson's from him for next year's consideration.
favour, or that in 1805 nigger minstrels did The .sympathetic references of M. Jaunay
comment not frequent English fairs. (Paris) to the late Mr. P. W. Cl.iyden were
'
gratifying to the British Section, as conveying
the opinion of the Congress on their late leader.
EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE M. Jaunay spoke of his friend and colleague as-
PlfKSS. one of the earliest promoters of the interna^
The International Congress movement has, tional mo\ement, and one who to his latest:
after seven congresses, entered on a new hour strove for its development with loyal, per-
stage of its development. After the work and severing, and afl'ectionate etibrts.
growth of seven laborious years, chronicled An invitation from the press of St. Louis,
annually in these pages, a position has been I'.S.A., to the Congress, ofiering free transport
reached of strength and dignity which promises across the Atlantic for 300 members in the
well for the future usefulness of the movement. autumn of 1903, was, after some rather tumul-
The Congress of 1902, opened at Berne on tuous discussion, finally accepted, an invitation
July 21st, will be known in literary history as to Berlin having been courteously postponed till
the Peaceable Congress. Is it possible that we 1904 in favour of the American proposal. Cer-
have really passed our Sturm unci Drang period, tain cautious members, including the Dutch
and are entering on the reward of our labours group, and, I confes.s, the writer of this article,
in orderly, reasonable, gentlemanly fashion ? would have been better satisfied if this invitation
Perhaps we have been unconsciously infiuenced had been referred for decision to the Central
by the stately surroundings of the new Committee considerations of time, distance,
;

written up from notes taken at the time
I find the phrase, "The fire about one grew
very slack on both sides " meaning, of course, on
Bundeshaus in which the meetings have been the advisability of carrying so large a body
held perhaps the earnest, serious character of of guests across the world at the expense
;

our hosts has roused what is deepest and best of the host.s, .tc, might have been worth a
the part both of Danes and Britons. The second in our impressionable polyglot assembly. The little more thought than it was possible to give
point in which your critic accuses me of travesty- deliberations of Berne have been marked by them in a crowded and excited assembly but ;

ing the battle is in making the Monarch hotly
engaged with the Three Crowns Battery. In
a diary of an officer on board the Monarch
(which your critic may see if he cares to it is
not the same diary as the one I spoke of just
above) I read "At 20 past 10 a.m. came to our
:
[i.e., the Monarch's] station and was closely en-
gaged with a 64 and Hulks on each Quarter, and
received a heavy fire on our Larb'' Bow from the
Crown Battery." This seems conclusive. It
also seems as if the Monarch actually was en-
gaged with her guns on both sides. Moreover,
I read in the diary first quoted that after foul-
ing the Ganges on her way out of the harbour,
the Monarch drifted towards the Crown Battery
and was again .subjected to a further heavy fire.
It is evident that your critic in boldly accusing
me of "travesty" from "love of change or
ignorance " is making a charge that must have
some force of recoil, since he seems to be so
little informed as to some of the details of the
fight.
Your more objects to. the "journal-
critic still
a soberness of consideration and a unanimity
which were lacking at Paris two years ago.
Probably the real reason of noticeable
advance lies in the fact that the chief subjects
under discussion had been thoroughly thrashed
out previously by competent hands, and pre-
sented in the form of reports, advance copies
of which were supplied, so that members were
prepared for the main points, and had settled
their minds and their speeches. It is gratifying
to those who have followed a question through
its nebulous and chaotic stages to .see it emerge
in such convincing form as M. Singer's report
on ' La Dignite Professionnelle dans les PoM-
miques de la Presse,' advocating the institution
of a professional court of honour for the settle-
ment of differences between journalists and
employers. Such a tribunal is already fore-
shadowed in national form by courts of appeal peculiar feeling of gratitude among those who
in various professions, as pointed out by Mr.
S. S. Campion (Northampton), and an inter-
national court of arbitration is a suitable ideal
for journalists.
the Congress was in a mood to accept Mr.
Williams's (St. Louis) invitation in the spirit in
which it was offered, and the American delega-
tion could not but have been pleased by the
enthusiasm evoked by their handsome proposal.
Space fails me to tell of the excellent arrange-
ments made for the comfort and convenience of
members by the local committees in Berne.
Our warmest thanks are due to them for the
perfect smoothness with which all arrangements
worked, and for the public liberality and
private hospitality which we met with on all
sides. G. B. Stiart.
EDMUND PYLB, D.D.
July 26tb, 190?.
Mr. Hart.shorne's extracts from the corre-
spondence of Edmund Pyle will arouse a
have hitherto treasured the few specimens of
his letters to be found in that amusing book,
Richards's 'History of Lynn' (Lynn, 1812X
whence they got into Nichols's Literary Anec- '

istic dialect ofthe twentieth century " which he
says the narrator uses in speaking of "first-class
battleships, "of "master's mate on the Monarch,"
itc, but does not indicate the words which he
conceives to be out of date. " Master's mate "
hardly is of the twentieth century. Is it " first-
class " or " battleship " that he objects to Is
it the "journalistic dialect of the
twentieth cen-
Madame Severine did not attempt to under- dotes.' In his directness, realism, powers of
description, and piquancy of phrase Pyle, as a
rate the difficulties of the undertaking. It is
obvious that any international arbitration would letter-writer, must have been surpassed only by
Horace Walpole. The dangers of the excellent
find obstacles to overcome in the fact of differ-
table at Winchester House, referred to in one
ing national customs and usage, yet she and
of Mr. Hartshorne's extracts, were apparently
the main body of the Congress were convinced
'.
of their moral obligation to attempt the task, real, for in 175G, after a sharp attack of the
and the Central Bureau was requested to elabo- gout, he wrote to a friend "I find that as my :

tury " to speak of " on " instead of " in " or " on constitution is, I must, now and then, sacrifice
rate the scheme in accordance with M. Singer's
board a ship
"'
'.

something in point of health to the plenty that

These are small points, however, but I would
ask you in all fairness to insert this reply to the
dogmatic censure on the manner in which I have
presented certain facts of the battle of Copen-
hagen which seem to disagree with your critic's
preconceived ideas of the progress of that fight,
HOKACE G. HrxcHixsox.
*** Mr. Hutchinson's letter seems to empha-
size the faults to which we took exception.
Even now, when we have pointed out expres-
sions which no naval officer of the period could
have used, he does not recognize the incon-
gruity, and asks what it is that we object to.
Our answer to his first query is "Both," they
are equally impossible to his second query
; sources ready for next year's Congress. In
the answer is in the aflirmative. As to the part
taken by the Monarch in the battle of Copen-
hagen, we may refer him to the official records,
edited for the Navy Records Society by Sir
Thomas^ Jackson, or to Capt. Mahan's Life of
Nelson,' whore he will find the positicm of the
Monarch very carefully laid down. Mr.
expressed views.
To this end the proposed inquiry into the flows in this noble house " (Richards, ii. 1024).
This occurs, by the way, in the letter contain-
social, moral, and material position of the
ing the account of the Hessian troops at Win-
journalists of all nations, entrusted to
chester, which appears to be in the collection
competent reporters, will mainly conduce.
Already the papers on the rights of journalists described by Mr. Hartshorno. The most
over their published articles or illustrations, on notable, however, of Richards's specimens is
their position in the event of their newspapers the description of the scenes at the Lynn elec-
changing hands, on their indemnification in case tion of 1747 (ii. 948), which reminds one of
of dismissal without contract have ama8.sed nothing so much as a picture by Hogarth. It
a store of valuable information which, when would be interesting to know the history of this
brought into line in the completed rejmrt of correspondence which Mr. Hartshorne describes
1!)04, will form an exhaustive history of the as "now for the first time brought to light."
journalism of the world. It can hardly bo other than that seen by
We hope to see some reports from English Richards, who does not say how ho obtained
access to it. It is much to bo wished that it
matters of practical usage our English methods may be published in its entirety.
are not behindhand, though in discu.ssion our (;. M'N. Ri snioitTU.
delegates are cautious and perhaps a little >in-
ready ; the f)ld linguistic obstacles still hamj)er
'
the British delegation, and the details of foreign UALKB.
journalistic life often appear to English jour- MESSR.S. SOTDEKY, WlI.KI.NSON it Hol>(;E Solcl
nalists unnecessarily small and unimportant. the following in their five days' nale of books.

160
2l8t to25th ult. : Whitney's Choice of Emblems,
Leyden, 158G, 48i. E. B. Browning,
Unbound, first edition, 18153, Idl. 15s. The
Oerm, tiie four original parts, 1848-50, 281.
Dictionary of National Biography,
Houghton
3dL (iallery, 271.
Fox Hunting,1826, 81. 2s. (id. Carey's
Life in Paris, 1822, 151. 15.s. Ruskin's
Poems, 1850, 48L Alpine Journal, 18G4-
1001, 2bl. Loddiges's Botanical Cabinet,
30 vols., 1818^33, 13^. Lord Lilford's
British Birds, 3G parts, 1885-97, 62/. Col-
lection of Works of Art of Alfred de Roths-
child, 1884, 36/. Propert's Miniature Art,
Whistler, Etchings and^ Dry-
1887, 22/. .J as.
Points, F.A.S., n.d., 49/. J. S. Haden, Etudes
a I'Eau-forte, Paris, 1866, 77/. Hebrew Prayer
Book, MS. on vellum, fifteenth century, 66/.
Boydell's River Thames, extra illustrated,
1794-6, 31/. 10a-. Milton's Paradise Lost, first
edition, second title, 1667, 49/. Pyne's Royal
Residences, 3 vols. 1819, 17/. 5s Gray's Odes, first
,
edition. Strawberry Hill, 1757, 30/. Hutchins's
Dorset, extra illustrated, 1861-70, 23/. 5s. Repro-
ductions of Engravings and Woodcuts by Old
Masters, 10 parts, 1889-90, 17/. Smith's Cata-
Jogue Raisonn^ of Painters, 9 vols., 1829-42, 35/.
Rogers's Italy and Poems, proofs before letters,
2 vols., 1830-34, 30/. Lafontaine, Contes,
Scott's Waverley, first edition,
1762, 13/. 10s.
boards, uncut, 3 vols., 1814, 162/. Guy Man-
nering, first edition, 3 vols., boards, uncut,
1816, 86/. Shakespeare's Julius Ctesar, Hamlet,
Othello, &c., Dublin, Grierson, 1721, 15/. 5s.
Westall and Owen's Tour of the River Thames,
1828, 10/. Lamb's Prince Dorus, 1818, 21/. 5s.
Swift's Tale of a Tub, first edition, 1704,
11/. 15s. Pentateuch in Hebrew,
30/. Horte, on vellum, with miniatures, Sasc.
XV., Goldsmith's History of England,
46/.
4 vols., 1771, 26/. Huth Library,
first edition,
edited by Grosart, largest paper, 29 vols., 17/.
Shakespeare Gallery, 2 vols., 17/. 10s.
Messrs. Puttick & Simpson sold on Wednesday
a valuable collection of sporting books from the
library of an amateur, including many scarce
works with coloured plates. High prices were
realized, the following being som'e of the chief
items : Ackermann's Microcosm, 3
29/. Repository of Arts, 40 vols., 47/. Aiken's
National Sports, 1825, 20/. 10s. ditto, another
edition, 4to, 34/. 10s. Life of a Racehorse, 20/.
Annals of Sporting, 13 vols., 95/. Apperley's
Life of Mytton, the first three editions, 32/.
Life of a Sportsman, 31/. Boccaccio's Decameron,
coloured plates, 20/. 5s. An Excursion to
Brighthelmstone, plates by Rowlandson, 28/.
Miss Burney's Evelina, coloured plates, 40/. 10s.
The Roadster's Album, 49/, Complete Peerage
of England, 8 vols., 29/. Confessions of an
Oxonian, 22/. 10s. Egan's Life in London and
Finish to Life in London, 2 vols., uncut, 57/.
Carey's Life in Paris, uncut, 30/. Cruikshank's
Humourist, 4 vols., 25/. Sketches by Boz, both
series, 26/. Grimm's Popular Stories, 2 vols.,
uncut, 44/. 2s. Rowlandson's Grotesque Borders,
42/. Ireland's Life of Napoleon, 4 vols., 21/.
Moore's Annals of Gallantry, 3 vols., 20/.
Rowlandson's Comforts of Bath, 28/. Loyal
Volunteers, uncut, 40/. Scrope's Deer Stalking
and Salmon Fishing, 2 vols.,
Sentimental Journey, coloured plates, 21/. 10s.
Jorrocks's Jaunts and Jollities, first edition,
45/. 15s. Thornton's Don Juan, 2 vols., coloured
plates, 20/. Westmacott's English Spy, 2 vols.,
281.
HiteravB Joss(p.
Mr. Fishee, Unwin has just arranged to
publish, a translation of a monograph on
King David by M. Marcel Auguste
foy, the well-known French
book largely a critical vindication of
is
David's character against the attacks of
Eenan and his school. Special attention is
THE ATHEN^UM
paid to David's position in history as a
Prometheus military strategist.
Mr. Stoi'I'oud A. Bkooke is occupying
himself during his stay at Bad Homburg
60 vols.,
Col. Cook on with the revision of his monograph on
Robert l>rowning. The work, which is
intended as a companion study to the
author's Tennyson'
his Art and Relation
: Hon. John Collier, presented to her for her
to Modern Life,' follows very much the
same lines as its predecessor. The principal
subjects dealt with are Browning and :
'
Tennyson,' Browning's '
Treatment of
Nature,' Browning's Theory of Human
'
Life,' Browning as the Poet of Art,'
'
'Browning and Sordello,' 'The Dramas,'
'
Poems of Love and of other Passions,'
'
The Ring and the Book,' Last Poems.'
The volume, which is to be published by
Messrs. Isbister & Co.,
September.
Mr. Joseph Clayton has nearly completed
a memoir of the late Mr. Dolling, in which
he has been assisted by Mr. Dolling's
sisters and friends. It will have a preface
by Canon Scott Holland, and will be pub-
lished shortly by Messrs. Wells Gardner,
Darton & Co.
;
In the second number of Animal Life and
the World of Nature, Messrs. Hutchinson's
new monthly magazine, there will be
articles by Sir Harry Johnston, Lord Ave-
bury. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Mr. Warde
Fowler, Prof. Hulme, Mr. C. S. Cornish,
Usee. XV., and others. In this number Sir Harry
Johnston begins the first of a series of
articles on the habits and ways of the wild
beasts of Africa. There will also be an
article on Natural History at the Seaside,'
*
by Mr. Edward Step.
The movement started to commemorate
Dr. Furnivall's services to English litera-
ture and philology has reached its comple-
vols,, uncut,
tion. A
sum of 550/. 3s. 4(?. was received,
including help from friends in the United
;
States and Germany. In accordance with
Dr. Furnivall's own desire, the greater part
of this has been devoted to helping the
work of the Early English Text Society.
The balance has sufficed to provide a boat
for Dr. Furnivall's river parties and to
obtain the portrait by Mr. Rothenstein now
accepted by Trinity Hall.
Last Tuesday occurred the death of the
Rev. Charles Edward Searle, who had been
Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge,
since 1880. He was a scholar of the col-
lege, and after a period of pastoral work
returned thither as tutor in 1870. Seconded
by able tutors like the late Mr. Prior and
Mr. Neil, Dr. Searle was able to see that
advance in Pembroke, both in numbers and
in reputation, which is one of the most
28/. Sterne's striking features of modern Cambridge.
Without any particular brilliance, he looked
after his undergraduates well perhaps too
well to please them and his conscientious
service was of great value to the college.
The book of the lectures to be delivered
at the Cambridge University
Summer Meeting this month
markable collection of talent covering a
very wide range. In the historical section,
Dieula- inaugurated by the Vice- Chancellor, several
Orientalist. The distinguished foreign professors will lecture
on the politics and statesmen of their own
countries in the nineteenth century. Among
these will be Prof. Yinogradoff of Moscow,
!
N-'SgOl, Aug. 2, 1902
Marcks of Heidelberg, and Prof.
Prof. Erich
Paul Mantoux of Paris.
Mrs. George M. Smitji wishes to express
her appreciation of the kindness of the
friends of her husband, by whom a
memorial tablet has been placed in St.
Paul's Cathedral and a portrait, by the
life. On her return from abroad in the
autumn Mrs. Smith hopes to convey her
thanks to each subscriber, and meanwhile
she begs them to accept this grateful acknow-
ledgment. The portrait may for the
present be seen by any friend at the office
of Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., 15, Waterloo
Place, S.W.
'
W. Partridge & Co. request
Messrs. S.
us to state that they are in no way asso-
will appear in ciated with any other firm of a similar
name, and that during the fifty years they
have conducted business in Paternoster
Row they have never advertised for MSS.
There perhaps, nothing more certain
is,
"
to turn up than a second copy of a " unique
book. For over four centuries the now
famous 1493 edition of the Malermi Bible
(Venice) was as completely lost as if it had
never existed. Within about a month of
each other two copies were discovered, one
by Mr. Voynich in Italy and the other by
the Due de Rivoli in Vienna. Quite re-
cently a third copy has been unearthed by
a continental bookseller, and doubtless
other examples will be found in due
course. A fine copy is worth at least 300/.
The peculiarity of" the 1493 issue is that
many of the woodcuts are quite different
from those in the 1490, 1492, and 1494
editions ;four of these beautiful illustra-
tions are reproduced in facsimile in Mr.
Voynich's Second List of Books.'
'
It seems certain that, whatever other
copies of Dr. Isaac Watts's Divine Songs,'
'
1715, may be unearthed, that which realized
the very high price of 155/. at Messrs.
Sotheby's on Monday last will retain
its unique character. It was not only
a presentation copy, but was given by
the author "To Mrs. Elizabeth Abney,"
who is one of the three Mrs. Abneys to
whom the little book is dedicated. A few
weeks ago a Holborn bookseller had a copy
of the same edition (although possibly not
the example sold on Monday), which a well-
known bibliophile saw and might have pur-
chased for a shilling. Taking no interest
in this class of books, he did not buy it.
On looking over Sotheby's catalogue he
came to the entry of Watts's Divine Songs,'
'
and then realized the opportunity he had
missed. He lost no time in making his
way to Holborn, but some one of a more
speculative character had in the interval
been there, and the precious little volume
was gone
The Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, will
be closei during this month.
Jose Strada, who died last week at
Extension Passy at the age of eighty-one, came into
exhibits a re- the world two or three centuries too late.
'
L'Epopee Humaine,' a poem in forty
volumes, and running into 500,000 verses,
might possibly have had a chance of being
read in the time of Edmund Spenser or even
of Sir Richard Blackmore, although even
this is doubtful. Yet Strada had his
eminent admirers, among whom were

N^SOOl, Aug. 2, 1902
Cavour, Layard, and Challemel-Lacour.
He was a traveller as well as a poet, and
his apartments in the Avenue Martin were
filled with interesting objects of art and
curiosity from various parts of the world.
Strada has bequeathed the whole of his
colossal work to the French nation.
Ax announced of Fran-
edition definitive is
cisco de Pablo de Segovie,'
Quevedo's '
translated by J. H. Eosny, and illustrated
with 122 designs by Daniel Vierge, repro-
duced by heliogravure, and with a study of
Yierge's work by Roger Marx. It is to be
published jointly by Pelletan of Paris and
the artist himself at Boulogne-sur-Seine.
The impression is to be limited to 440
examples, of which twenty will be on
Japanese paper at 1,000 francs each. The
artist himself will give the most careful
attention to the reproduction and printing
of the plates, and see to the correct inter-
pretation of his " puissante originalite,
toujours attenuee par le detestable procede
photographique." According to M. Pelletan,
the illustrations in the English edition were
only indifferently produced.
Prof. Otto Lessing, the Berlin scuptor,
has completed his model of the " Shake-
speare-Denkmal," which is to be erected at
Weimar. The Grand Duke has invited the
commissioners for the monument to Weimar,
to consult with them as to the fittest public
place for its erection.
Pkof. Aloys Schttlte, of Breslau Uni-
versity, who recently undertook the pro-
visional directorship of the Prussian His-
torical Institute in Pome, has now decided
to accept that office permanently. He was
assured by the German Imperial Chancellor,
with whom he had an audience concerning
the future of the Institute, that the German
Government had resolved upon the better
endowment of the Institute, upon which
Prof. Schulte withdrew his resignation of
the permanent direction.
"We regret to announce the death of
Dott. Cav. Luigi Frati, Principal of the
Municipal Library at Bologna and Director
of the Mediaeval Department of the Museum
of that city. Dr. Frati had filled those
posts for a lengthy period, the constant
attention they involved naturally interfering
with the prosecution of his earlier labours,
so that of late years his publications have
been confined to occasional papers dealing
with historic and antiquarian subjects.
English students whose work led them to
consult the collections and the Library of
Bologna will alwaysretainpleasant memories
of the genial presence of the Director. Dr.
Frati died on July 2;3rd, aged eighty-seven
years.
The Parliamentary Papers
of the most general interest to our readers
likely to
this week are General Reports on Ele-
mentary Schools and Training Colleges for
1901 (Iv.;; Intermediate Education Board
for Ireland, liules and Programme
Examinations, 1903 (4|r/.) IJoyal L'ni-
;
versity of Ireland, Accounts {\d.) and tlie ;
Report of the Deputy - Keeper of Public
Records and Keeper of the State Papers
in Ireland, which contains in an appendix
a Report on certain Registers of Irregular
Marriages, celebrated by unlicensed clergy-
men, known as Couple-beggars {2\d.).
THE ATHEN^UM
SCIENCE
J/otors (Did Jfotor Driving. By Alfred C.
Harmsworth. (Longmans & Co.)
That the motor has come to stay is a
commonplace but few probably realize the
;
extent to which our economic, political, and
social life maj' be changed thereby. This
"positively last" addition to the "Bad-
minton Library " does much, however, to
make one speculate in this direction. It is
remarkable that whilst attaching great
importance to the reduction of a railway
journey by a quarter of an hour or so, we
leave out of account the large proportion
of time taken by the drive to and from the
various stations. If it were possible for the
householder to engage a light motor car, a
motor brake, or light steam van for the
luggage which would load up, not against
time, but quietly at the front and back
doors, and unload at the actual end
of the journey, a vast deal of fuss and
worry could be saved. There can be no
doubt that a gradual return to the road is
about to be accomplished, and that sub-
urban and cross- journey railway traffic,
with its many changes, will in future form
a less conspicuous item amongst the worries
of life.
Mr. Leo Strachey, in one of the chapters
of this interesting volume, truly says that
" the circumstance that a motor-car can stop at
the garden gate if we live by a highway, or drive
up the carriage drive and draw up level with the
porch, if we live within lodge gates, and take a
man direct to his office, or wherever he wants
to go to, is bound to make the motor-car beat
the train for all short-distance work, where
so large a percentage of the time is occupied in
changes, etc."
At a recent dinner of the Automobile
Club, when it was suggested that motors
had a future in bringing agricultural pro-
duce to the large towns, a speaker sensibly
remarked that if it was desirable that the
motor should bring cabbages to the work-
man, it was more desirable for the motor to
take the workman to the cabbages. We
all
deplore the decay of the village, but nothing
would so surely alter the present state of
things as the resurrection of the road. If
the man of the villages within a certain
radius of the city could jump into a
motor omnibus at his own door and be
carried direct to his destination for a penny,
we should have greatly helped to solve the
housing question so far as London is con-
cerned. ]3ut if this is to be effected
as
Mr. Strachey, in the book before us, points
out we shall have to make radical altera-
tions in the means of road approach to
London and most of our great towns, with
a view to reducing instead of augmenting
be the already seriously congested state of
the main arteries of traffic.
Tho dismissal of the horse by the use
of self-propelled carriages will count for
nothing in the matter of space as compared
of with the enormous increase in the road
traffic brought about if the general public
use the road (in motors) instead of the way company's van. The motor car takes
railway for short journeys from suburbs, the fruit or other produce direct to tho
&c. Similarly, the roads will require market, thus there are two handlings instead
general alteration, somewhat on the lines of four. Moreover, the vehicle can return
proposed by the Roads Improvement Asso- from London, or whatever town is the
ciation, and it will be a happy day for terminus, laden with nitrate of potash, bone-
\ London (and for horses) when by tho meat, i&c., for consumption or distribution on
;
1()1
exodus of tlio horse as a public moans
of traction
we are able to point to the
saving of fifty thousand pounds a year
now spent in road engineering. It will
be a happy day for our eyes, and for
our clothes, when the consistency of tho
road surface is altered in such a way as
to render "motoring" a pleasure, without
the present drawback of being smothered
with dust or having to wear garments that
suggest a search for the North Pole.
The small farmer would also be assisted
b}'- improvement in the roads due to cheap
motor traction. The horse, poor beast, has
never been able to tell us what he has
endured from unequal surfaces, and tho
pace of a horse-drawn vehicle has been too
slow for even the sjirings to suffer much
but if you get into a motor car going five-
;
and- twenty miles an hour over a road which
you have hitherto deemed good, you will
soon discover what the road surveyor's work
has been and what it ought to be. We are
reminded that "it is the splendidly made
and well-kept roads of France that have
greatly helped to keep the French peasant
on the soil."
The peasant's difficulty is that of finding
ready cash for getting his goods to market
and stony roads with heavy gradients mean
such serious expenses for traction that he
quickly beaten. Probably the best
is
way to improve many of our main roads,
into and out of towns, would be to lay
down electric tramway systems. Authorities
must see, however, that these are no longer
allowed at the expense of the existing road
space, for that only renders the congestion
of the last few years more serious than ever.
If tramway companies desire to run on the
roadway they must establish their line at
one side buying land if necessary thereby
making the road wider in effect, instead of
narrower, besides helping to disperse the
urban population. The cost of such a plan
would probably be but little more, in reality,
than that of cutting up the existing roads.
Let us turn again to the use of motors for
work on farms and estates. Whether the
present rates charged by railways are
justifiable, or whether they are excessive
in view of the low charges on competitive
foreign produce, the cheaper and swifter
locomotion becomes the better must it
be for the British farmer. The excellent
chapter on The Utility of Motor Vehicles,'
'
by the Hon. J. Scott - Montagu, M.P.,
points to an admirable system of co-opera-
tion which has already been managed at
Tunbridge Wells, whereby the farmers of
the district, " tired with the vagaries of the
South-Eastern and Chatham Railway, havo
organized a motor service to take their
goods direct to Covent Garden and other
markets in London." Think for one moment
of the advantages gained. There is no
handling from the farmer's cart into the
the attendant delays and
trucks, with all
Similarly there
risks to perishable articles.
is no handling at the liOndon terminus, or
chance of crushing in tho carrier's or rail-
 "
102
the farm and, as we all know, the secret
;
of paying freight is that the ship or vehicle
shall be full both ways.
The grip of the provincial salesman on
the farmer lies in the fact that if the latter
takes his produce to market he must sell it
rather than bring it back by rail and have
a cart to meet it again at the other end.
Thus it is, perhaps, that the middleman
takes a bigger proportion out of the agri-
culturist than in any other trade. All this
might be altered by a little organization in
the way of co-operative agricultural motor
service.
For estate work, where there is
builders or carpenters, a motor-car will prove
a great saving, as has been well illustrated,
in a case in point, by Mr. Scott-Montagu.
The fact is that, when once the capital out-
lay is faced, scattered cottages and farm-
houses can be more easily and economically
examined and attended to by this method.
Mr. Scott-Montagu also makes some
suggestive remarks in regard to the use of
motors by the Post Office. He says
" Why should there not be a late Motor-Mail
Service from London, leaving about 2 am.,
after all the Mainline Railway Services have
ceased, to convey letters perhaps posted with
a late fee stamp up to midnight for the
Country and deliverable in towns within a
hundred miles of London by the first post next
morning ?
One of our hardest-worked judges. Sir
Francis Jeune, has found leisure perhaps
on account of being an automobilist to
discourse on "the charm of driving in
motors." He truly says : and we both came to the end as fit, if not more
"The mere sense of motion is, in itself, a
delightful thing ; the gallop of a horse over
elastic turf, the rush of a bicycle downhill with
a suspicion of favouring wind, the rhythmical
swing of an eight- oar, the trampling progress
of a four-in-hand, the striding swoop on skates
across the frozen fens all these are things of
which the reminiscences and the echo come
back to us with the dash and pulsation of the
motor car."
Dr. Johnson thought that nothing was so
delightful as the rapid motion of the poet-
chaise. We may revive in these later days
some of the spirit of the old coaches, which
were much more picturesque than any motor
is at present, and of the interest in old
country inns. Eeaders and writers, too, may
get to know something of the country life
which is fashionable among the sciolists of
the gas lamps. The invasion of the rail swept
the country of its traffic the result was
;
that the Eed Lion and the Blue Boar lan-
guished, the "boots" of the Boar and the
chambermaid of the Lion, reconciled by
joint misfortune, agreeing for once in de-
nouncing the " igominy o' railroads." But
now they can again return to their respective
hostelries with some prospect of a busy life.
It might reasonably be thought and is,
indeed, thought by many that "motor-
ing" would, on the whole, be prejudicial to
health on account of nerve strain.
Sir
Henry Thompson, who writes a chapter on
* Motor Cars and Health,' tells us, however,
that the contrary is the case.
"The easy jolting which occurs when a motor
car is driven at a fair speed over the highway
conduces to a healthy agitation it acts on the
;
liver,' to use a popular phrase.
Horse-riding
has, however, the advantage of necessitating
exercise of the muscles of the legs.
This is one
THE ATHEN^UM
of the disadvantages of motoring, but I have
found that it may be to some extent overcome
by alighting at the end of a drive of twenty
miles, and running smartly for about two hun-
dred or three hundred yards. I make this a
practice in relation to my motor drives."
This would be a rather heroic remedy for
many people. He also speaks favourably
of the action of the air on the face, and
refers to motor-car driving generally as an
antidote to insomnia. Further, Sir Henry
remarks :
" To dwellers in densely populated cities the
automobile is of great benefit, as it enables them
in a short time to reach the purer air of the
a staff of country, the necessity for which can scarcely be
exaggerated. The air in towns is impregnated
with smoke and particles of unburnt fuel. It
is also in dry weather loaded with a class of
dust largely composed of dried and pulverised
horse manure. In wet weather fluid manure
from the same source is absorbed by and then
exhaled from the road or wood pavement, with
similarly injurious effects. These impurities
are more or less absent from the air of the
country."
:
It is interesting to note that men
vanced years do not appear to
use of a motor " trying," for besides the
favourable opinion expressed by Sir H.
Thompson, Sir John Macdonald says
" Another fact which made a strong impres-
sion upon me was the small fatigue of long road
journeys, as compared with horse-drawn travel-
ling. I suppose Colonel Magrath and I were
the two oldest men who made the tour, and we
rode on a motor having solid tyres. Yet I can-
not recall having felt any sensation of weariness,
even after the longest run (125 miles per day)
fit, than we started."
One of the chief reasons for the opposi-
tion shown to the introduction of motor
traffic in this country has been that motor-
cars are liable to frighten horses, and
when bicycles were introduced they were
opposed on the same grounds, many a
cyclist having dismount on account of
to
restless horses and nervous drivers and
riders. An excellent chapter on Motor
Cars and Horses is provided in this volume
'
by Mr. Hercules Langrishe, Master of the
Kilkenny Fox Hounds. He rightly points
out the folly of the law as it stands at
present to avoid restive horses being
frightened by motors. It would be far
better if, instead of a motor - car driver
being compelled to stop " dead," he reduced
his speed to something low on a hand being
held up against him for it is just when the
;
ordinary "petrol" motor is stationary that
it makes the most noise. It is the noise
more than anything else which renders a
motor-car so objectionable to a horse. This
is probably an hereditary instinct handed
down from the days when horses were wild,
which can be modified by careful training.
Some interesting and amusing remini-
scences are included. Col. Magrath
responsible for the following :
"In one my first drives I met an elderly
of
woman on a quiet road, proceeding to market.
She got dreadfully startled on seeing the car,
and when she arrived at Wexford told every one
that she met a carriage from the other world,
with a horribly ugly demon driving it, and she
knew at once that the carriage was sent to take
her to hell, but, thank God she had sense
' !
enough to make the sign of the Cross, when
carriage and ugly demon vanished. '
John Macdonald remarks
Sir : I
N-'.SOOl, Aug. 2, 1902
" No
reminiscence would be complete without
a notice of the Thousand-mile Trial of 1900,
which would by itself supply material for a
volume. The demonstration of interest by the
public was remarkable, and the strongest ex-
pressions of goodwill came from the very old
people of both sexes. This was much remarked
on at the time. I attribute it to the fact that
these aged persons had been young when rail-
ways began to cover the country, and doubtless
had heard them spoken against on all hands,
prophecies made that they would ruin the
country, denunciations thundered against them
from all who had to do with horse trafiic, and
frantic efforts made to keep them from being
sanctioned. These people had lived to see the
folly of all such proceedings and predictions ;
and, therefore, their minds were free to wish
success to a new mode of traffic which might
be expected to bring many of the benefits of
quicker and cheaper transit past their own doors
by the road."
Besides the chapters already referred to
there are others on the History of the '
Motor Car The Choice of a Motor,' by
'
;
'
Mr. Harmsworth himself Dress for Motor- ;
'
of ad-
ing,' by Lady Jeune The Motor Stable ;
'
find the
and its Management,' by Sir David
Salomons ; Petrol
'
Engine
The the :
Caprices of the Petrol Motor,' by the Hon.
:
C. S. Rolls special technical chapters by
;
Mr. Worby Beaumont on tyres, on steam
cars, on electric cars, on motor cycles, on
motor driving and an important chapter
;
on Points of Law affecting the Owners of
*
Motor Vehicles,' by Mr. Eoger Wallace,
K.C., chairman of the Automobile Club.
Mr. Wallace also gives a full draft of the
; same in official form amongst the appendixes.
There is a further chapter on the existing
Automobile Clubs, withfullparticulars, which
should prove useful, as well as a list with
particulars of the various journals dealing
with automobolism.
Mr. Harmsworth and his publishers
are to be congratulated on an admirable
production, and on having induced the very
best authorities all busy men
to write on
their special subjects.
*
It only remains to be said that the illus-
trations are excellent as well as generously
bestowed, and that it would be difficult to
find fault with the very complete index.
The latest "Badminton" is, indeed, a gcod
example of a useful and interesting series.
Sicimct (|g088{fif.
The Zoologist for this month, published on
the 15th, will lead off with an article on
'Erasmus as a Naturalist,' by Mr. G. W,
Murdoch. This is the first time that the works
of the great humanist have ever been considered
from that interesting point of view.
We hear from Vienna that the Anthro-
pological Society of that city intends to resume
the excavations at Hallstadt, which have already
proved so fertile in prehistoric remains.
The planet Mercury will be at superior con-
is
junction with the sun on the 11th inst., but
may become visible in the evening at the end
of the month, situated in the eastern part of the
constellation Leo. Venus rises about 2 o'clock
in the morning, passes very near S Gemino-
rum on the 9th, and enters Cancer on the 16th.
Mars is very near Venus in the early part of
the month (they were in conjunction on the
morning of the 1st), but, following her more
slowly towards the east, he will be near S
Geminorum on the 15th, and not enter Cancer
until the end of the month. Jupiter is at oppo-
sition to the sun on the 5th, and brilliant

N3901, Aug. 2, 1902
all night (though at no great elevation) in
the constellation Capricornus. Saturn is in
Sagittarius, some distance (which is slowly
diminishing) to the west of Jupiter. The
Perseid meteors will be looked for from the 8th
to the 12th in the early part of the night the
; esting that we do not quarrel with him on that
moon (which is in her tirst quarter on the
morning of the 11th) will somewhat diminish
their apparent brightness.
TuEdiscoveryof two small planets is announced
from Konigstuhl, Heidelberg the first (which:
may, however, be identical with Kilia, No. 470)
by Prof. Max Wolf on the Gth ult. the second
by Dr. Camera on the 9ch.
Herk Akexdt, of Posen, from observations
made last winter, chietly with the instruments of
the Urania Observatory at Berlin, considers
that he has detected markings on Venus which
indicate the presence of great elevations on the
planet, seen from time to time through the
clouds surrounding it, and, so far as the observa-
tions go, pointing to a rapid rotation accom-
plished in about twenty-four hours.
The biennial meeting of the Astronomische
Oesellschaft will take place at Gottingen,
August 4th to 7th. A number of interesting
papers are promised, and the programme
includes visits to the observatory at Gottingen
and to the astronomical museum of Cassel.
FINE ARTS
CATHEDRAL HANDBOOKS.
Chichester : the Catltedral and See. By
C. Corlette. "Cathedral Series."
&Sons.)
Amiens : Cathedral and Cliurches.
its By the
Rev. T. Perkins. '' Handbooks to Con-
tinental Churches." (Same publishers.)
There is an interesting contrast in treatment
as in subject between these two volumes
of Messrs. Bell &
Sons' excellent series
of cathedral handbooks. Mr. Corlette's
'Chichester is eminently an architect's study
'
of architecture.
notice
Not a moulding escapes his
every fragment of earlier building
;
embedded in the present structure is discussed
in detail, and its bearing on the history of the
cathedral is made clear and the structural
;
points are emphasized in a manner all too rare
in popular books on architecture. There is evi-
dence also of careful study of documents in the
chapter on the diocese and see, which includes a
summary account of all the bishops from Wilfrith
of York, first Bishop of Selsea, to the present
day. Mr. Perkins's 'Amiens,' on the other
hand, is by no means specialist's work. He is
an intelligent tourist, who sees the same things
as others of his kind, and writes about them
pleasantly enough. He knows his Raskin, and
gives a full and interesting account of the sculp-
tures. Amiens is not, indeed, a building with a
complicated history like Chichester and many
other English cathedrals, but derives its splendid
unity from the fact that it was begun and
finished, to
all intents as we now see it,
within seventy years. At the same time, it is
beyond dispute the central example of French
Gothic, and the most perfect exposition of
structural logic that the style has to show, and
we cannot but think that Mr. Perkins might
have advantageously devoted a little more space
to explaining the principles of that style. The
sectional view from Viollet-le-Duc given on
p. 6 has the gist of the whole matter, but is not
enough for the unlearned. Mr. Perkins is not
afraid to criticize, and we hear somewhat too
much of the comparison between Salisbury sfnre
and the Amiens Heche, which are so different in
design and intention that it is irritating to find
them pitted against one another. The writing
18 clear and simple, save for an alarmingly in-
volved sentence on p. 11 concerning sexpartite
vaulting. On p. 50 Bishop Everard's epitaj)h is
surely mistranslated, and verbis .should be taken
THE ATHEN^UM
like muneri', with recreabat. Mr. Corlette is far
more chary of criticism, and prefers to confine
himself, like the modern school of historians, to
the statement of fact; but the facts of the divers
rebuildingsof Chichester Cathedral are so inter-
account, though after a study of Mr. I'erkins's
views of Amiens it is hard to subscribe to Mr.
Corlette's admiration for the nave of Chichester.
The photographs in both books are well selected,
but those of Chichester are superior in clear-
ness. Mr. Corlette would have been well
;
advised in substituting a view of the fourteenth-
century choir- stalls for that of the odious modern
altar and reredos. We must protest strongly in
both cases against publishing plans of cathedrals
without vaulting-lines. It is possible to insert
these without in any way obscuring the draw-
ing, and in several instances, as in the descrip-
tion of the apse-vaulting on p. 12 of Amiens,'
'
the text is rendered unintelligible by the want
of them.
RIGS AND LACES.
Bugs, Oriental and Occidental, Antiqne
and
Modern. By Rosa Belle Holt. (Chicago,
McClurg &
Co.)
Described as a handbook
for ready reference, this work attempts a
sj'stem of classification which, although ad-
mirably carried out, yet renders but slight
assistance to those who seek sound information
respecting the original locality of manu-
facture of any particular example taken
from the vast hoard of carpets and rugs
Hubert which the rapacity of dealers has caused to
(Bell
be gleaned from Turkey, Syria, Persia, and
Central Asia since the last Turco-Russian war.
The fault is not due to want of pains in com-
piling the enormous amount of information
assiduously collected from " sundry publica-
tions," or " through correspondence with minis-
ters to Oriental countries and consuls residing
therein.... interviews with rug dealers in various
cities, and to certain learned Americans, Ar-
menians, Greeks, Syrians, and Turks," but
rather to the untrustworthy character of the
matter thus obtained and the want of discrimi-
nation shown in dealing with it. We recognize
the great difficulty in assigning localities to
various types of antique carpets, a work which
is engaging the best attention of the most
eminent experts in the history of textile fabrics;
but at least care should have been taken to
eliminate from the examples illustrated in the
book the modern imitations of old rugs which in
two places are described as "antique" or "old,"
and also to avoid the reckless use of those terms
when appliedto the productionsof the eighteenth
and early nineteenth centuries. Even the word
" rug " is often misapplied, especially when used
to describe the large Ardebil carpet in the
Victoria and Albert Museum, measuring 34 by
18 feet, and the great carpet in the Chehel
Sitoon Palace at Ispahan, which is over GO feet
long by 30 feeb wide. The attempt to illustrate
typical examples of the designs used in modern
factories in the East also fails, owing to the
constant change of patterns and colourings de-
manded by modern trade and to the tendency
of manufacturers to copy the work of any other
factory, modern or old, which is commanding a
great sale in the European or American markets.
The "Indian prayer rug" from Amritsar
(facing p. G4) is in no way an Indian design, but
a fairly good copy of a Turkish rug, of the .Vna-
tolian type, belonging to the early partof the last
century, and it most probably owes its pattern
to an American order received since the Chicago
Exhibition, where old Giordes rugs realized high
prices. Seekers after truth should also be
cautioned against a certain pernicious kind of
gush which, although worn threadbare, again
does duty in this as well as in most of the pre-
ceding works dealing with Eastern art crafts-
manship. Possibly excusable in the ordinary
traveller who rushes into print on the earliest
1G3
occasion, it cannot be purmitttd in the more
pretentious and responsible work of the writer of
a text-book, and in the present case may not be
passed over on account of insuflicient knowledge.
The writer " wonders how the weavers have
achieved such success in the exciuisite loom
work, that has been wrought in the Orient, as
they are destitute of wliat we call education
and dwell in the humblest surroundings," pro-
ceeding to assert that " nature has been their
instructor" and that "they have intuitively
grasped what is correct in colour from the
works of nature surrounding them, weaving
in with the threads that go to form the fabric
many a song of joy, many a dirge of woe and
despair." Later we read that "the designs of
Eastern rugs are often the spontaneous outcome
of the fancy of the weavers," then that the
patterns are sometimes handed down from one
generation to another, and, further on, that
"among good antique Persian rugs there are
in all about thirty designs," truly a very poor
outcome from nature's great school of art.
Actually the designs in Oriental carpets and
stuffs are no more the fancies or attempts to
express ideas of the actual weavers than the
plans and facades of our Gothic cathedrals were
due to the skilful masons who wrought out the
tracery windows or carved the foliated capitals.
The belief in intuition for the production of
designs which, good or bad, owe their perfec-
tion or failure to complex laws as positive as
those governing the preparation of a set of
working drawings for a locomotive, is a dan-
gerous fallacy in these days, when universal art
education is becoming the happy hunting-
ground of the faddist. He finds in works
like this a corroboration of his inclination to
neglect scientific study, and to replace it by fol-
lowing the dictates of his inner consciousness
expressed in some far-fetched and often unsuit-
able material through the aid of the latest
passing fashion in " technique."
History of Lace. By Mrs. Bury Palliser.
Entirely revised, rewritten, and enlarged under
the editorship of M. Jourdain and Alice Dryden.
(Sampson Low.) The last edition of Mrs.
Palliser's book having appeared in 1875, it was
doubtless desirable that the present revision
should be made. Many developments in lace-
making have taken place since that time, and
the work had reached almost prohibitory prices.
We may thank the editors for the addition
of numerous photographs from portraits of
distinguished men and women, showing the
dainty fabrics as they were actually worn, and
Miss Dryden in particular for her skilful use of
the camera in reproducing examples of lace. It
may here be recalled that in the early part of
the seventeenth century boot-tops were turned
up or down for the protection or the exhibition
respectively of the lace linings ; while in the
latter part of it the reverse process was applied
to coat sleeves. Plate iii. is an admirable
instance of needlepoint work on fine linen, in
white and in gold thread. It was of such art
as this that it was lately stated in a Parisian
court of law that "telle dentelle n'a pas de
Plate xlvi. shows a vandyked ruff
prix."
with its supportasses, from the Musce du
Louvre " un ruff bon pynned sup' le
wier " interesting enough, but certainly far
inferior to the really surijrising examples in
the Bavarian National Museum at Munich.
Plato lix. gives examples of French black silk
We have taken
guipure, capitally reproduced.
these instances (juito at hazard. Speaking gener-
ally as to the letterpress, wo find that additions
rather than alterations have been the aim, the
excellent original material only giving way in
accordance with the pressure of modern research.
Specially, however, the introductory chapter
'
Needlework '
appears an almost entirely new.
Similarly, the sections on the lace of .\lenyon
and Argentan have been nearly redone while,
;
as regards Spain, the editors have brought the
subject down to the present day, though we find

164
no allusion to the picturesque and eminently
practical revolving laca pillow in common use
in Andalusia and the south of Spain. Chief
among the laces of France ia point d'Alen9on,
'the (luoen of lace." It is stated to be the
only kind not made on the pillow. Like the
production of its rival, point d'Argentan, it is
distinguished, as are also certain Venetian point
laces, by its " bride " grounds. We
judge point
d'Alenfon to be particularly noteworthy
from the number of processes in its make,
including the use of the "dent de loup " of
the old illuminators and bookbinders as
the pirot or burnisher of the lace-
finisher. Tempting as it is to touch upon
points in the fascinating general history, and
to make excursions into the Low Countries
"
"for lace let Flanders bear away the belle
we must forbear, merely saying that we are
somewhat disappointed, though not surprised, at
the lack of evidence in support of the contention
that lace was made in the Low Countries in the
fourteenth century. We
are apt to think that
in the account of English lace the editors have
rescued several samples from oblivion. We must
notice the newly written chapter on North-
amptonshire lace, as a good type of an improve-
ment with which Bedfordshire and Buck-
inghamshire are naturally associated. In a
more detailed notice the Devonshire section
might with justice be dwelt upon. But we have
sought in vain for allusion to " the maid" or
to "the bow maid," within living memory as
essential as chairs and tables in every cottage in
the lace-making Midlands. Its use ended, the
fire has devoured it, and its fame has perished.
THE WHITECHAPEL AKT GALLERY.
In these days the lover of Japanese art can
hardly avoid being something of a pessimist.
The political and commercial progress of our
new ally is a matter of which she may well be
proud, yet the efl'ect of that progress upon her
national art seems to be little short of disastrous.
With the deaths of Hiroshige, Hokusai, and
Yosai there came a pause, as perhaps was
natural at the close of such a long epoch of
artistic activity. Then, before the genius of
the country had time to recuperate, came the
great upheaval which resulted in the overthrow
of the old aristocratic conservative spirit. The
influx of European ideas, impeded before, soon
became an overwhelming flood. The Japanese
people were at once seized with a desire for a
closer intercourse and more equal rivalry with
the civilization of the West. Their wonderfully
rapid assimilation of Western views upon
national policy, upon the art of war, and upon
the science of commerce excited new ambitions,
and with their coming the ancient, honourable,
leisurely tradition of Japanese life passed away.
The craftsman who was once content to live
easily,and work just as his fancy or necessity
prompted him, in due course began to labour
on strictly commercial lines and became a manu-
facturer.
The effect of the change can be e-timated, to
some extent, by comparing the Japanese objects
in the hall of the New Gallery with the exhibi-
tionopened in Whitechapel last Wednesday week.
The modern enamels, carvings, and lacquer
at the New Gallery display no lack of ingenuity
indeed, they are rather too ingenious. Every-
thing is a masterpiece of clever handiwork.
Everything astounds one by the amount of
skilful and patient labour which must have been
expended on it by its maker. Everything is
as " finished " and polished as it could be
Nevertheless, among all these modern exhibits
it is hard to recall a single object which
is really fine which shows any sign of actual
artistic invention, or which is clearly the
outcome of perfect taste. The designs are
elaborate enough, and intricate enough, and
pretty enough, but never anything more.
The noble audacity by which Korin created a
THE ATHEN^UM
perfect work of art out of a few pieces of lead
or mothor-of-i)earl and a little dull lacquer has
apparently vanished for ever. Nor does the
national taste for colour seem to be in healthier
condition. Once the Japanese could fairly claim
to have the most delicate colour-sense of any
nation in the world. Now that sense is little
better than that of the average European, so
that a recollection of the exquisite harmonies of
Harunobu and Utamaro makes the "electric"
blues and pinksof the modern Japanese enameller
seem even more painful than they really are. It
is positively distressing that such specious
"fancy goods" should be the most recent
achievement of a country which has been
supremely successful in more than one field of
art.
Of that success the Whitechapel Exhibition
may not contain many remarkable examples.
Nevertheless the very absence of bad modern
work is a thing for which the curator and those
who have assisted him deserve no little credit.
By the inclusion of models of Japanese dwellings,
pictures of Japanese life, and photographs of
Japanese scenery, the promoters of the exhibi-
tion have made it attractive to the general
public, who may wish to form some idea of the
industries and customs of our allies. At the
same time there are one or two special features
of the show which are of real interest to all
lovers of art.
The collection of paintings is not, on the whole,
very strong or representative, though the three
works by the accomplished eclectic Yosai, and
the large landscape by his master, Hokusai, are
all in their several ways important. The col-
lection of lacquer is fairly good of its kind, but
would have been more complete had at least
one or two pieces in the style of Korin been
added to show what the culmination of the art
was like. The excellent and amusing earthen-
ware of the country is also fairly well represented.
Though masterly workers in iron as the
magnificenteagle by Miochin Muneharu at South
Kensington triumphantly proves the Japanese
do not attain to equal success when working in
bronze. As bronze founders they merely imi-
tate their Chinese neighbours, losing in the
process of imitation the massiveness and square-
ness from which Chinese bronzes derive so much
of their dignity. Japanese bronze, as the very
characteristic specimens at Whitechapel show,
can be graceful and pretty both in form and
patina, but is only a minor feminine art com-
pared with that of the continent.
The committee have had the help of Mr.
Arthur Morrison in arranging the room devoted
to colour-printing, so that this unique product
of the Japanese genius is remarkably well illus-
trated. Passing over the interesting beginnings
of the art, when the outline blocks of Kiyonobu
and Masanobu were coloured by hand, we
find attention arrested by Harunobu, who was
the first to the whole area of a print with
fill
colour. This supreme master of design and
colour is well represented, four of the prints
(Nos. 13, 14, 17, and 18) being of marked
beauty. Hokusai's teacher Shunsho is repre-
sented not only by a plate from his famous
'
Mirror of Beautiful Women,' and by one or
two characteristic stage subjects, but also by
a fair- sized landscape, in which the figures cast
shadows, the first known instance of such a
departure from the usual practice of the
Japanese colour printers. The series continues
with Yeishi and the great Utamaro, whose work
is not perhaps so completely illustrated as it
might be, though two or three of the prints are
of the utmost delicacy.
Hokusai as a landscape designer makes a
brave show indeed, it would be hard to see
; which half obliterated the elaborately drawn
him to better advantage than in such prints as
No. 57, from The Bridges of Japan, and No. 59,
from the Thirty-six Views of Fnji. If these
prints could have been supplemented by one or
two of the charming landscapes of his pupil
Hokkei, and by a few of the best oblong designs
N^SOOl, Aug. 2, 1902
by Hiroshige, the public would have a chance of
seeing that the modern artist's admiration for
the great landscapists of Japan is no mere empty
craze. It would be unfair to insist on the
point, however, in the case of an exhibition
which has to cater for many tastes, and has,
on the whole, done its work admirably.
ETCHINGS AT MR. GUTEKINST S GALLERY.
A SMALL and very select collection of the
etchings of Oatade and Claude is on view at
Messrs. Gutekunst'a. Of the two certainly
Ostade was the more accomplished etcher,
though by no means the greater artist.
At his best Ostade approaches Rembrandt
for example, in the Feasant jrai/iu^ his Score
(No. 24) and the Artist in his Studio (33),
where a fine use of silhouette gives the design
unusual solidity and completeness. But even
in these he has almost nothing of Rembrandt's
sense of beauty, and where his types are ugly,
which is the usual case, his ugliness is mean and
gross, uninspired by that feeling for significance
which never deserted Rembrandt. Neverthe-
less, in spite of its commonness, his nature was
not unsympathetic; hisobservation of the common
scenes of everyday life was not the result of a
cold curiosity like that of some of his compeers.
His was not, however, a very independent or
self-sufiiicient talent. In these etchings it is
easy to see that as the influence of Rembrandt
waned he took up with the newer fashions of
G. Dow and Van Mieris, to the great disad-
vantage of his designs. The later ones have that
peculiarly false air of prettiness, that way of
vignetting the composition, and that obvious
artifice of over- emphasizing the unity of the
chiaroscuro which make much Dutch painting
of the period at once dull and pretentious. Such
realistic treatment of commonplace scenes is
only tolerable when it is perfectly sincere. Even
in Rembrandt the germs of a factitious and
theatrical taste are evident, and Ostade in his
later work seems to have developed it, under
the impression that he was giving to his work
the air of a finer style.
When we turn from the insincere realism of
Ostade's later etchings to the Claudes on the
opposite wall we realize how unfair to the latter
is the charge of coldness and want of feeling.
Artifice there is, no doubt, but it is artifice
employed consistently and harmoniously to
ennoble and simplify the impression of nature.
In Ostade's later work the elaborate adjustment
of light and shade, the vignetting and framing
round of the central point, serve only to bring
into relief a trivial minuteness of vision in ;
Claude's etchings, in spite of a certain fussiness
in the actual line, the artifice of elaborately
planned composition is used to impose a mood
of singular suavity and elevation. Nevertheless,
fine as these etchings are in intention, we con-
fess to a feeling that the etched line was not to
Claude a congenial mode of expression. His
practice was to compose by a succession of
silhouettes in his wash drawings these were
;
plotted by means of the pen line, and the masses
were then laid in by broad washes skilfully
manipulated so as to suggest at the same time the
silhouette and the modification of its edges by the
enveloping atmosphere. In his etchings he found
himself compelled to fill in his masses by lines ;
this allowed the possibility of getting the masses
of dark by the repetition of an infinity of petty
detail, and the temptation to do this, which is
apparent even in his oil paintings, proved irre-
sistible. Finally, when even this failed to give
the required weight to his composition, he loaded
the shadows with a number of minute strokes
forms beneath, and left a troubled and worried
surface. This is particularly noticeable in
the two states of A Shepherd and Shepherdess-
Conoersing (47 and 48). In the first we have an
elaborate line drawing, in which the forms of
the trees are rendered with great delicacy and
 s

N3901, Aug. 2, 1902 THE ATHEN^U ]\I 165

rhythmical freedom of hand, but without any
stroHijly marked chiaroscuro. Had Claude now
proceeded to unify the composition by a wash
or by aquatint all this would have remained
as it is, the fourth state shows the beautiful
linear drawing completely lost beneath an in-
discriminate mass of hatchings. The composition
is undoubtedly improved, but quality has been
lost. The same remark applies to a less extent
to the splendid composition of the rare plate
Le Bouvier (40). Weshould like to have seen
here the first state of the Drove of Cattle in
Stormy Weather (39), wherein the massive ruin
of a classical temple to the left, which seems an
essential feature of the composition, has not yet
made its appearance. The selection of ex-
amples in this exhibition is admirable it has ;
been made from the point of view not of the
rarity and curiosity of the states, but from
that of their artistic quality and the com-
pletest possible rendering of the idea. Etch-
ing is an art that has been subordinated too
much to the curiosity of the collector, and we
welcome any protest in favour of the lover of
art.
THE ADMINISTRATIOX OF THE NATIONAL GALLERY.
We hear that a new rule has been made by
Lord Lansdowne in the administration of the
IS'ational Gallery, whereby no picture is to
be acquired without the consent of all the
trustees. We need hardly say that we deplore
such a step. Matters have been going from
work of art and as an illustration of the charac-
Renaissance, has been
teristic ideas of the Italian
obtainable. The desire to accjuire this for the
;
nation has been expressed with extraordinary
unanimity by those competent to form a just
opinion of its merits. The suggestion put for-
ward by Mr. Claude Phillips in the Daily Ttlc-
graph and by Mr. D. S. MacCoU in the Saturdaii
Bevieir has been taken up by Sir Martin Conway,
and pressed on more general and literary
grounds in a delightful letter by Mr. Edmund
Gosse, while in the Times of last Saturday
there appeared an appeal to acquire the worlf
by public subscription signed by such pro-
minent artists as Mr. Legros, Mr. Furse, Mr.
Charles Ricketts, and Mr. C. H. Shannon.
Here, then, is a case where the educated artistic
opinion of the country is singularly unanimous,
and yet it is found necessary to appeal to the
public to take upon itself, without any proper
organization for doing so, a transaction which,
we feel sure, almost any Director of the National
Gallery, were his judgment unfettered, would
feel the necessity of undertaking. There could
not be a clearer object-lesson of the ineffi.;iency
of the present cumbrous machinery, which the
new rule will render almost incapable of func-
tioning at all.
THE ROYAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
AT SOUTHAJirTON.
The annual meeting of the Institute the
sixtieth commenced at Southampton on Tues-
whose early use is not known, Lu! wliii'li were
probably stores for the castle. Uf the castle
not much could bo seen. The various towers
are almost all gone. Hero tlie party divided.
Some went to King John's house, others con-
tinuing the walk to the West Gate, Canute'H
Palace, the south tower (called also (iod's
House Tower), the Maison Dieu or Hospital of
St. Julian, the wool-house (about fourteenth
century), the guardroom (lifteentli century), and
the arcade in the wall (fourteenth century), built
after the town was burnt by the French. One
party got through tiie work very well, the other
met with delays.
At the evening meeting the Dean of Win-
chester took the chair, making some remarks
on the meaning or origin of the name Hampton
and its use for the county, as other divisions of
the West Saxons took their names from tribal
divisions or old principalities.
Mr. Emanuel Green then read a paper on
the Roman station Clausentum. After a few
remarks on the site now known as Bittern, a
short history of the finds made was given.
Going back to Roman times, he spoke of the
arrival of Claudius and a large force which
resulted in the settlement of harbours on the
coast from Richborough to Clausentum, and a
line of camps from the Thames to the Severn,
enclosing the rich western district. With this
was established the Classis Britauitica, or British
fleet, to guard the narrow seas. So entirely has
this fleet been overlooked that in Smith's
'
Dictionary of Roman Antiquities ' it is not

bid to worse at the National Gallery for many
years, but such a rule as this will definitely
prevent any hope of our keeping pace with
German public and American private enter-
. rise. Among the trustees are gentlemen with
. ery various and in some cases quite empirical
. istes one favours the elegances of eighteenth-
oentury French art, another is all for the primi-
tives. It is evident that in these circumstances
the only common ground whereon all can unite
will be that of mediocre work. Any work in
which the characteristics of its own period are
strongly accentuated, any good work in short,
will arouse the vehement opposition of those
trustees whose education in art has not
enabled them to appreciate that particular
period and style. It will only be iu the
works of feeble and flaccid personalities that
the opposition will be lessened to the point
where compromise becomes possible. Com-
promise, which is the deadly enemy of so
absolute and definitely willed an activity as art,
will rule all the nation's acquisitions. We leave
out of account here the serious practical diffi-
culty that, while a considerable body of men are
being brought together to see and discuss an
important picture, and settle between their
opposing views, the private purchaser from
across the Atlantic will probably, if the picture
day, July 22nd. A t noon the members assembled even mentioned. A list of inscribed stones
in the Council Chamber at the Audit House, found was included, the finds extending from
where they were welcomed by the Mayor. In Britain to Aries. The coins of Carausius found
a few words he referred to the ancient history at Clausentum, supposed to have been minted
of the town. It was from Southampton port there, cannot be accepted. Tetricus and
that the armies left which fought at Crecy, Carausius favoured the place, and Agricola
Agincourt, and Poictiers. landed there on his march to the Severn. The
Sir Henry Howorth, in returning thanks, questions of tin and lead mining and the ex-
mentioned the good work done by local anti- portations from Clausentum were particularly
quaries towards preserving the treasures of the noticed. The tin came chiefly from Devonshire,
district. not much from Cornwall. Clausentum .shows no
Lord Montagu then took the chair and gave sign of a military character, not much even of a
his address. He referred to the many objects civilian residential occupation. It seems simply
of interest in the neighbourhood and the local to have been a large and well protected de{)ot
work which was being done. Some of the old for the export of western produce. At Clau-
walls of the town might disappear, but he hoped sentum began the Ikeneld Street directly
that any idea of removing Bargate had entirely enclosing the rich western district, a district
gone. A vote of sympathy with the people of in which peace and prosperity must have reigned
Venice and the Italian nation for the loss they for four hundred years.
had sustained by the fall of the great Campanile Mr. R. W. Dale had in the room in cases a
of St. Mark's was passed. fine collection of pottery and flint and bronze
After luncheon the members assembled for a implements, on which he commented. Some
perambulation of the town, under the guidance notes were added by Dr. Munro.
of Messrs. R. W. Dale, S. R. D. Lucas, and Mr. Hudd showed a curious drawing of what
the Rev. G. W. Minns. The first stop was at he called a shrine. It was found at Caerwent
St. Michael's, a twelfth century cross church, of during some diggings there. Unfortunately, as
which Mr. Dale gave the history. Mr. Peers, there was no written paper, the remarks made
taking the architectural features, remarked on were not clear to the general. In the discussion
the early central tower, but could see no mark it was considered by some to be early Christian,

is worth having, and no patrijtic motives on the
owner's part intervene, have written a cheque
on the spot and gone off with the object in
dispute.
We venture to think that any single man with
absolute power, however limited his tastes,
iiowever slight his special knowledge, would buy
Ijetter works than such a heterogeneous and
disparate body as the Trustees of the National
Gallery. We have often felt it neces.sary to
criticize adversely recent purchases at the
^National Gallery, but it is an o{)c;n secret that
'if Sir E. Poynter had had the power which the
-director of a German gallery possesses we should
now have at Trafalgar Square several works of
"first-rate importance which he has been forced
to pass over.
The question ha-s a particular poignancy at
the pre.sent moment, when there is in the
market a work of rare artistic quality, the fight
of the Centaurs and Lapith.'e by Piero di Cosimo,
which we noticed at length in a previous issue.
It is long since an Italian picture of the fifteenth
century of such capital importance, both as a
of a transept. It was thought this must by others pagan. In the end judgment was
have been of wood, attached to the tower of suspended.
stone. A remarkable chalice was exhibited. It On Wednesday the party left for Winchester,
bears for date-mark the letter R, and is thought where the Castle, St. Cross, the College, and
to be Elizabethan. Next the Bargate, the i)rin- Wolvesey Castle were visited. At St. Cross
cipal entrance to the town, was reached, where Mr. J. Bilson gave a general account of the
the Rev. G. W. Minns read a short paper. The hospital and its foundation, with architectural
structure was of various periods, some of it details and a general plan. The church has
being Norman. There had been a great been already described, with the controversy
struggle of late as to whether the Bar should be thereon, in the Inditute Journal. In the latter
removed, but it was now decided to widen the half of the thirteenth century subscriptions
side arches and keep it. The Ijatt lenient were asked for furnishing the church, but there
are unaltered, and in one embrasure hangs the seems to be no record of the response. There
watch-bell, with the inscription, "God is my had been alterations in the choir and the
hope, R B 1G05." The upper part is known internal fittings about 11380-7.
as the Guildhall. In it is a statue of tjueen After luncheon, some on their way to the
Anne, removed from the outside, with the feet College saw the God Begot House. At the
cut oflf to make it fit its present jjosition. College Mr. W. F. Kirby described the cliaptl,
Between the windows are rude paintings of Sir and called attention to the brasses, one of these
Bevis and his squire. On passing outside the being a full length, a reproduction of an early
heraldry, now nearly obliterated, was noted, original thrown away during the restoration.
and then an advance was made round the town The chantry chapel in the cloisters was for some
walls, wliich were examined wliero possible. time a gi.i'u store, and in KiL'it was the College
Some large twelfth century vaults were inspected library now it is the chapil for the younger
;
 IGG
boys. The window at the cast end is from the
larger chapel. Proceeding next to Wolvesey
Castle or Palace, the members were received by
the Mayor and the President of the Hampshire
Arch;oologic!il Society. Mr. N. C. H. Nisbet,
who had made some excavations on the spot,
exhibited his ground plan and gave the history
of the castle, built by Henry de Blois, 1129-71,
the great local builder of the transitional period.
The facing stones were sold in tlie seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries for building purposes.
The keep is like that of Taunton.
At the evening meeting, Mr. E. W. Brabrook
in the chair, Mr. St. .John Hope read a paper
on '
English Fortresses and Castles in the
Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Centuries.' He
spoke of the forts built by the Danes during
the second half of the ninth century, of those
of the English during the first quarter of the
tenth century, and those built by the Normans.
Those of the Danes dating back to a.d. 876
were only temporary defences. The Normans
brought the castle to England. The moated
mounds or burhs had as a chief characteristic
a mound with a ditch outside. Then there
were double burhs, where there should be two
mounds. This had been the view of Mr. G. T.
Clarke ; but he doubted Mr. Clarke's conclu-
sions. A burh was, he considered, not a mound,
but a fortified or stockaded town, somewhat
larger than a village. At Carisbrooke one ward
was never completed by masonry, and so that
portion was now gone. By means of lantern-
slides examples of the mounds and the castlfe
work, as shown on the Bayeux tapestry,
were exhibited. In consequence of the use
of Latin and Anglo-Saxon words the argu-
ment was not clear to many. In the discus-
sion which followed the President dwelt on
this, and was sceptical as to the proffered
arguments.
On Thursday the programme included Port-
chester castle and church, and Roman fort,
and a drive to Titchfield. Mr. Hope, at the
gateway at Portchester, speaking of the Roman
fort, said it was of late construction, perhaps of
the fourth century. It was doubtful whether
the towers were solid or hollow, probably
hollow. Openings had been made in mediiseval
times, but the towers were original. Of the
inner buildings nothing was known what there
;
may have been was probably cleared away when
the priory came. The site and the sweep of the
Roman defences could be seen. On passing
round the outside a stop was made at the
mediasval water-gate, and then the circle was
completed. Inside the towers were seen open,
but whether they were of the fourteenth century
could not be determined. The Roman arch of
the water-gate was pointed out. In the church
the Rev. .J. D. Henderson gave its history. The
Elizabethan work was probably due to Sir
Thomas Cornwallis, who then resided in the
castle. The church fell into partial ruin about
16G5, when, being used for prisoners of war,
it was set on fire. It was restored in 1710 by
Queen Anne, and the account sheet of expenses
hangs in the vestry. One item is : "Paid for
a hogshead of beer to drink the queen's
health, 3L 10s." One of the old bench-ends,
found placed with the carved side to the
wall, is now in the chancel. On the south
side traces of the conventual buildings can
be seen the foundations were used early
; pasture of the forest before the afforestation in
in the last century to build the churchyard
wall. The foundations of the nave project on the
inside about eighteen inches from the face of the
wall, a fact which might point to the existence
of an earlier church. The south side shows
two relieving arches, but it is difficult to say
what these were for. Mr. Micklethwaite pointed
out that the eastern partis the most interesting,
as it has suffered less in restoration. In the
inner ward Mr. Hope took up the story. Early
mention of this place is extremely rare. In
Domesday there is no castle, a hall only is men-
tioned it must have been after the removal of
; again took carriage and proceeded to Beaulieu
THE ATHEN^UM
the canons that the king built the castle.
Repairs and payments are mentioned in the
Pipe Rolls in 119.3. In 1217 the castle was to
be demolished, but this was not done, and in
1218 there were repairs. In the early four-
teenth century much work was done, but this is
nowhere visible. In the time of Edward III.
the gates were enlarged. The accounts of
Richard II., 1396-99, show the building of the
chapel and the kitchen, which thus dates these
buildings. The later works were Elizabethan.
The survey, tewp. James I., by Norden is worth
reading as it contains much relating to the hall.
It is not easy to decide how the entrance was
defended. The keep is exceedingly plain, and,
as usual, divided by a cross wall. The Rev.
J. D. Henderson added some account of the
castle and of the prisoners of war at various
times secured there. The drive to Titchfield
Church followed, where the Rev. R. A. R.
White acted as guide. The foundations of the
tower were Saxon or early Norman. His prede-
cessor had carted away three Norman arches and
pillars, but drawings of the church as it was
remain. The chancel is Norman. Mr. Peers
thought it might be accepted that the base of
the tower was Saxon. The tower was originally
not so high as now. The chalices were exhi-
bited and two large flagons.
At Place House, or Titchfield Abbey, the
Rev. G. W. Minns supplied information. It
was a house of White Canons, some of whom it
would seem were unruly. One was charged
with spending the night in drinking and brawl-
ing ;another took the fish from the pond.
There were fourteen brethren. It had been the
property of the Wriothesley family. The gate
was original and was the last that Charles I.
passed through as a free man. An exhibition
was kindly provided here of portraits, old draw-
ings, plans, and pedigrees. After a walk round
the outside, carriages were taken for Fareham
and so home by train.
In the evening the members were the guests
of the Mayor of Southampton and the Hamp-
shire Archseological Society at a conversazione
in the Hartley Hall. The maces, the silver oar,
and other regalia of the corporation were dis-
played on the platform, and were in the course
of the evening described by Mr. Hope. The
Black Book and Oak Book, two old records,
were discussed by Mr. Dale. There was also
an exhibition of rare books and prints of local
interest.
On Friday the first visit was to Netley Abbey,
where Mr. Micklethwaite took up the guidance.
Returning to the hotel for luncheon in the after-
noon, the party went by rail to Romsey. At the
Abbey Mr. Doran Webb discoursed. Next all
proceeded to Broadlands by invitation. The
return train was late, but in time home was
reached.
At the evening meeting, Mr. Evelyn Ashley
in the chair, Mr. J. C. Moens read a
paper On the AflForestation of the New Forest
'
by the Norman Kings.' In the course of his
remarks he mentioned the disputes as to
whether there was any devastation when the
forest was formed. One historian having said
this, others copied him. The New Forest was
a forest before Domesday, and William was not
the founder, but the enlarger, as he added
17,000 acres. There were rights to the honey and
1079. Mr. F. G. Stone then read a paper on 'The
Domestic Architecture of the Isle of Wight.'
Some views and ground plans were exhibited,
but the details of the lecture were architectural
rather than historical.
On Saturday a visit to Beaulieu Abbey, St.
Leonards, and Dibden formed the programme.
Hythe was duly reached, where carriages were
ready. The first stop was at the Monks' Well,
where Lord Montagu was waiting. His lordship
gave a clear account or history of the well and
the care he had taken to preserve it. All then
N3901, Aug. 2,1902
Abbey, a Cistercian house founded in 1204.
Mr. Brakspear, who is at present engaged in
excavating the ground plan, became the guide,
and, standing in a sheltered corner of the
cloisters, gave a good account. There is an old
plan already marked on the grass by chalk heaps,
but, unfortunately, it was not made from exact
knowledge and so is not correct. The abbey
was one of the largest houses in England. Inside
the door of the cloister, as entered from the
church, there were shelves for books, and another
book cupboard a little further on. Behind the
latter was the vestry then came the chapter- ;
house, which was very small compared with that
of earlier monasteries. Next came the parlour
and the entrance From the dor-
to the infirmary.
mitory, instead of the stairs as usual leading
direct into the church, they are in the wall.
On the south side is the warming-room, and
then the frater or refectory, now the parish
church. It has been used as a church from
the time of the suppression. The kitchen is
entirely gone, but the service hatch remained,
a perfect example of its kind. The lavatories
were very large with round basins of Purbeck
stone. On the west side is a long lane, per-
haps a cloister for the lay brothers. This day
happened to be that fixed for the local Corona-
tion /t^e, and especially a great tea for the
youngsters, so the visitors, on entering the
" warming-room," found a number of ladies
cutting bread and butter, of which there seemed
already to be a good cartload, and arranging
sweets and cakes. visit to the frater or A
refectory and to the dormitory of the lay
brothers ended the perambulation. At the
house Lord Montagu gave its history, described
the outer gate, and the site of the great barn
and the mills and ponds. The great gate or
entrance is now incorporated as the front of the
house. On the drive homeward a stop was
made to examine a tumulus, on which Dr.
Munro discoursed. Hythe was reached in good
time, and the boat caught just as a storm from
the south-west was working up. As usual, there
was no evening meeting.
On Monday, July 28th, the proceedings were
confined to Winchester Cathedral, under the
skilled guidance of Mr. St. John Hope. On
Tuesday the ruins of the palace at Bishop's
Waltham and the church were inspected, also
Wans ford.
SALES.
Messrs. Christie, Manson & Woods sold on
the 23rd ult. the following engravings. After
Hoppner Mrs. Benwell, by W. Ward, 42L ;
:
Lady Louisa Manners, by C. Turner, 131?. ;
Mrs. Whitbread, by S. W. Reynolds, 40L By
J. R. Smith The Promenade at Carlisle House,
:
4t2l. After Reynolds Mrs. Musters, by J. R. :
Smith, 29?. Master Braddyll, by J. Grozer,
;
37?.; Mrs. Billington as St. Cecilia, by J. Ward,
65?. After Lawrence Miss Croker, by S. :
Cousins, 75?. ; Marchioness of Exeter, 50?.
After Greuze Le Baiser Envoye, by C.Turner,
:
136?. After Opie A Sleeping Nymph, by P. :
Simon, 34?. After Morland The Story of :
Letitia, by J. R. Smith (the set of six), 99?. ;
The Return from Market, by the same, 39?.
By W. Ward Louisa Mildmay, 27?. After D,
:
Gardner Mrs. Gwynne and Mrs. Bunbury, by
:
W. Dickinson, 75?. After Schroeder Countess :
of Ravenclough, by H. Hudson, 50?. After
Windsor Castle, by G. Maile, 39?.
J. B. :
After Romney Mrs. Jordan as the Romp, by
:
After Wheatley Winter, by
J. Ogborne, 26?. :
Bartolozzi, 50?.
The same firm sold on the 24th ult. various
etchings and engravings. After Lawrence :
Countess Gower and Child, by S. Cousins, 42?.
After Meissonier Les Renseignements, by A.
:
Partie Perdue, by F. Bracque-
Jacquet, 42?. ;
mond, 42?. After Landseer The Stag at Bay, :
by T. Landseer, 48?. By J. M. Whistler:
Scenes on the Thames (set of sixteen), 63?.
By A. H. Haig Mont St. Michel, 32?. :

N^SOOl, Am;. '2, 1902
Tlie last sale of the season took place on the
2Gth ult., when the following pictures were
sold : J. Pollard, Coaching in the Olden Time,
1731. Romney, Mrs.
Gilbert, in blue dress,
leaning her head on her left hand, 34l)L Lancret,
Fetes Chanipotres (a pair), 525J. ; A Fete Cham-
petre, with archers, 29-lZ.
We referred to the possibility of a third Salon
in this column some time ago {Athenaum, April
19th), and a "Salon d'Automne " has now been
detiaitely constituted, supported not only by
artists, but also by art critics and collectors.
The committee is strong, including MM. Gustave
(leflFroy, Huysmans, Frantz Jourdain, Emile
Verhaeren, Bourgeois, Paul and Ame'd^e Buft'et,
Eugene Carriere, Dreyfus - Gonzales, P. A.
Laurens, Pierre Laurens, Camille Lefevre,
Louis Morin, Willette, and many others. The
experiment of an autumn exhibition will be
watched with much interest in this country.
M. F. HiMKERT has been elected a member
of the Acadt^mie des Beaux-Arts, in place of
the late Benjamin Constant, by eighteen votes
against thirteen obtained for M. F. Flameng.
M. Humbert has been one of the leading artists
in Paris for many years ; his
resque at the Salon of 1869 created a sensation,
'
but he had exhibited at the Salon four years
previously. His Pro Patria,' 188G, is one of
'
the most successful decorations at the Pantheon.
Of late years he has painted a large number of
portraits, those of women suggesting English
rather than French influences. Perhaps his
two best-known portraits are those of M. J.
Lemaitre and of Marchand.
The death occurred a few days ago of M.
Georges Jehan Yibert, a distinguished French
artist, who also achieved success as a writer of
plays. He was born in Paris sixty-two years
ago, and was a pupil of F. Barrias. Although
almost unknown in this country, M. Yibert had
many admirers who bought his work in America.
He was at one time a constant exhibitor at the
Salon, but of late years had been only an occasional
contributor his last exhibit was in 1899, when
;
he sent a picture with the title L'Aigle et le
Renard,' a game at piquet between Xapoleon
and Cardinal Fesch in the imperial chambers at
Fontainebleau.
Mr. Johx Hassall is publishing through
Messrs. Dean & Son an 'ABC' book with
coloured designs. The work, which is in his
best style, consists of twenty-six humorous pic-
tures of all sorts and conditions of people,
whose eccentricities are hit off by alliterative
adjectives. The 'ABC
will be Mr. Hassall's
sole Christmas book for this season, and will be
accompanied by clever verses by Mr. G. E,
Farrow, author of Wallypugs,' &c.'
Dr. G. C. Williamson is preparing an im-
portant book on the miniaturists Andrew and
^Nathaniel Plimer, including some reference
a relation of theirs, one Mary
also painted good miniature jjortraits, but whose
work is very little known. He asks collectors
possessing miniatures by any of these three
artists to communicate with him, and particularly
desires the loan of any papers, letters, &c.,
relating to the brothers Plimer, who were
notable artists and pupils of Piichard Cosway,
R.A. The book is to be published early next
year by Messrs Bell Sons. &
It will be richly
illustrated and issued in a limited edition.
The Belgian "Gilde de St. Thomas et St.
Luc," which devotes itself to Christian arch;(,o-
logy, has published a learned and valuable
report of its art-pilgrimages in the autumn
of last year to such places as Emmericli,
Kevelaer, Kempen, and Essen. Interesting
-descriptions of the architectonic treasures,
paintings, and abundant relics of ecclesiastical
art are interspeistd with quaint religious inter-
jections from the standjioint of the Belgian
'
THE ATHEN^UM 107
Roman Catholics. Thus tlie art-pilgrims were Zdlie deLussan, aiul Lily Mucnly, and Messrs. 1'.
distressed to find noble Baptisterium at
the Brozel, John Coates, Joseph O'Mara, Alec
Essen "profaned" by Old Catholic worship, but Marsh, and Charles Manners. The following
expressed some grim satisfaction at detecting conductors are named Messrs. R. Eckhold,
:
exact portraits of Luther, Calvin, and other H. Yicars, and H. Frewin. There will be a
eminent Reformers among the "scribes" de- band of sixty-five, a chorus of ninety-two, and a
nouncing Christ before Pilate in the Passion- ballet of twenty members.
"
scenes in the garden of "Ad Sanctos Martyres
at Essen.
DRAMA
MUSIC PLAYS.
We are Seven Ilalf-JIours on the Stage.
: By
Hamilton Aide'. (Murray.) The plays on which
Mr. Hamilton Aidd has bestowed the (juaintly
Theopera season, which opened with Wagner, Wordsworthian title of We are Seven have ' '
closed on Monday evening withVerdi, whose 'Rigo enjoyed exceptional good fortune. More than
letto was given with an excellent cast, including
'
half of them have seen the light in important
Madame Melba as Gilda and Signor Caruso as periodicals, such as the Nineteenth Century, the
Duca. The chief successes have, in fact, been
II Fortnvjlitly lievietv, and the Anglo - Sjxon
made in Italian and French opera. The ad- lievieiv, and three of them have been played by
miration for Wagner is as strong, we believe, as leading artists. 'A Gleam in the Darkness,'
ever, but the performances of his works, in spite which comes first, was presented in a transla-
of many a good artist, have not, on the whole, tion by Madame Bernhardt in London and in
been satisfactory hence great singing has
; Paris. ' A
Lesson in Acting was interpreted '
carried the day. The revival of 'Elisird'Amore' by Mrs. Kendal and Mr. Gilbert Hare and ;
was an experiment which is scarcely likely to be All or Nothing was rendered, at some date
' '
repeated. The success of Miss Smyth's opera which must be remote, by Madame Modjeska
'
Der Wald is gratifying.
'
It will probably and Mr. Johnstone Forbes-Robertson. Inter-
'
Femme Mau- induce her to make another and bolder venture, preters of this rank are not often obtained
and it ought also to encourage other native in the case of plays which occupy no more
composers who are seeking after fame in this than half an hour in performance and are
high and difficult branch of art. obviously in their inception intended for
amateurs. In the case of works of so
The preliminary prospectus of the twenty-
short breath almost impossible for
seventh Norfolk and Norwich Triennial Fes- it is
a dramatist to get into his stride. We find,
tival has been forwarded to us. The
accordingly, few of the gifts that distinguished
performances from October 21st to 25th
'Philip' and 'A Nine Days' Wonder.' Neat-
inclusive will be held in St. Andrew's Hall.
ness of construction and lightness of touch are,
On Tuesday evening will be performed Sir
Hubert Parry's '
Ode
to Music,' under his own however, generally apparent, and A Gleam '
direction, and Arthur Sullivan's Golden ' in the Darkness has power.
'
It describes a
brief episode in the life of a woman who, under
Legend on'
; Wednesday, Mendelssohn's
'Elijah,' and in the evening Dr. Cowen's what may almost be called ade(juate provoca-
new tion, has killed her husband, and while the
'
Coronation Ode '
(first time), a orchestral
suite,'London Day by Day,' by Sir A. C. officers of justice are almost at her door shows
Mackenzie, and a concert overture, ' Youth,' by hospitality to a young sailor whose years
Mr. Arthur Hervey, both composed expressly nearly correspond to those of her dead son. In
the hands of Madame Bernhardt the figure of
for the festival, all three novelties being given
this woman may well have been impressive. In
under the direction of the respective composers.
'
Thursday morning will be devoted to Beet- '
A Lesson in Acting an ex-actress, called rather
'
ambitiously Miss Woffington Oldtield, and played
hoven's c minor Symphony and to Yerdi's
'Requiem,' while the evening programme will by Mrs. Kendal, teaches a rather cocksure
Star Song amateur how to rehearse the balcony scene in
include Dr. Horatio Parker's '
(Op. 54), Mr. Frederick Cliffe's scena for 'Romeo and Juliet.' 'The Brudenels,' the
contralto, 'Alcestis,' both written for the scene of which is an inn at Orvieto, depicts a
festival, and Sir C. Yilliers Stanford's not very probable scene of explanation and
'Irish Rhapsody' (Op. 78, No, 1) and Mr. reconciliation between a wife and a husband,
Herbert Bedford's Romeo and Juliet Love
*
'
from whom she has withheld the explanation
Scene, both given for the first time, and all four that she was when she married him a divorcee.
works conducted by their respective composers. 'All or Nothing is also a scene of reconciliation
'
On Friday morning will be given Gounod's between an English husband and an Italian
'Redemption,' and in the evening a dramatic wife, each of whom has conceived an unreason-
cantata, Werther's Shadow,' by Mr. Alberto
' able jealousy of the other. Jealousy is likewise
Randegger, jun., which will be heard for the the subject of ' Colourblind,' a comedy, the
first time in England. The scheme is, there- scene of which is in Yenice, and in which a
to fore, one of considerable interest. The prin- Yenetian atmosphere is preserved. Two '
Ann Knight, who cipal vocalists will be Mesdames Albani and Strings to a Beau shows a Lothario, who,
'
Lillian Blauvelt, Miss Margaret Macintyre, arriving at a country house in pursuit of a girl
Mesdames Clara Butt and Kirkby Lunn, and with whom he has been smitten when abroad,
Miss Ada Crossley, also Messrs. Ben Davies and unexpectedly finds two sisters, his memories of
Andrew Black. The festival will be, as usual, whom are ecjually tender, and between whom he
under the direction of Mr. Alberto Randegger. hesitates to choose until both unite in sending
him about his business. 'A Table d'Hute,'
Messr-s. Frank Rendle and Neil Forsyth
lastly, is a picture of nuptial misunderstandings
send details respecting the forthcoming Moody
in a restaurant and has a mildly satirical aim.
Manners season of opera in English at Covent
These various trifles seem suited for the pur-
Garden, to commence on Monday, August 25th,
poses for which they are designed, and nnght bo
and to continue for five weeks; ordinary theatre
prices will be charged. The proposed scheme
commended to amateurs were not the intro-
duction superfluous in the case of works already
includes four works by Wagner ('Tannhiiuser,'
'Lohengrin, "Tristan, 'and 'Siegfried'); popular
well known in such ([uarters.
oi)eras,'Trovatore,' 'Martha,' 'Faust,' 'Carmen,' Domestic I'J.rperitneids, anil <ilher I'laiis. By
&c. while native art will be represented by the
;
J. E. M. Aitken. (Lamley & Co ) -This little
'Lily of Killarney,' 'Maritana,' and the still volume consists of drawing - room jjlnys for
flourishing 'Bohemian Girl.' *
La Gioconda' amateurs, and is wholly suited to it.s purpose.
will be revived, and an opera by Signor Pizzi Scarcely any scenery is refpiired the conversa- ;
will be given. The principal singers will be tion is easy and natural, and has even a certain
Mesdames Blanche Marchesi, Fanny Moi^dy, amount of humour. Four out of the five plays
 '

1G8 THE ATIIEN^UM N'^SgOl, Aua. 2, 1902

have appeared very much abridged form in adaptation by Mr. Cosmo Gordon Lennox
different
Experiments,'
periodicals.
in
One only,
divided into two scenes. These
Domestic
'
unnamed as yet of 'La Passerelle of Madame
Fred Grtjsac and M. Francis de Croisset, which
'
MESSRS. BELL'S
is

consist of ;i comic presentation of the results to has been the most recent success at the Vaude- LIST.
be expected when in the houses of the nonveavx ville. To explain the symbolical significance of
riches domestic servants are sought in the upper the French title is difficult. The fable is New List post free on application.
classes. founded on an article in the Civil Code
Theatye de Mt'dhar
Jhdenj. Vols. VT.
et which prohibits marriage between a man or
SECOND edition, REVISED.
and VII. (Paris, - Levy.) Without
Calmann woman divorced for adultery and the partner 2 vols. large post 8vo, \Ss. net.
containing any masterpiece the sixth and in the offence. In order to evade the law
seventh volumes of the collected plays of and to meet a singular combination which The LIFE of NAPOLEON I., in-
springs from it Roger de Gardannes has to New Materials from the
clu(1in{( British Official ijecords.
Meilhac and Haluvy explain fully the vogue By JO}IN liOLLAND ROSK, M.A., late Scholar of
enjoyed by those sparkling and essentially marry in name only a woman he will after- Christ's College, Cambri<1ge. With numerous Illustra-
wards divorce in order to marry seriously tions, Maps, and Plans.
Parisian dramatists when they were content " say that Mr. .1. H. Kose has written the best life of Napoleon
I'o
with the Palais Royal, and had not yet aimed another woman with whom he has a liaison. yet publislied is but faint praipc, far less than lie deserves, often as the
The spouse employed as a stopgap is la passerelle. task has been attempted."
J/me.s.
at the Comedie Fran^aise, which, indeed, seemed ' Within its very wide limits t* is work - we have no hesitation in

as far beyond their potentialities as their hopes. In this part Madame Re'jane reappeared in saying It is amonjfst tlie strongest, most enlightened, and, best of all.
most reasonable biOKi-aphiee of the ^iant that have been written and ;

One piece in each volume takes a rather higher
flight than the others. 'Fanny Lear,' a five-
act comedy, was produced on August 13th,
18G8, at the Gymnase, was transferred on April
24th, 1875, to the Vaudeville, and on February
14th, 1880, to the Odeon, or second TheTitre
February last at the Vaudeville after a year's
absence from its boards. She played the
passerelle, who proves so charming that she
becomes the real and not the sham wife.
Madame Rejane brought this piece over on her
late visit, but for some reason did not produce it.
indeed in impartiality it perhaps surpasses them all. No one can read
through its vigorous pages without feeling himself engaged at once
and admiringly by the hittriographic pictureffque and analytic
(fualities that cnnibined to their making It is rare to find the scholar,
the p'ditical specialist, and the desciipiive war correspondent in one;
yet Mr. Kose will thrill you in battle no less than he will impress you
in debate." 0(f(/ooA-.
Svo, lis. net.

Franais. This double change of home is the The production of La Passerelle involves* '
FRIEDRICH SCHILLER, The LIFE
more remarkable since the play, which, for the naturally the postponement at the Duke of and WORKS of. By CALVIN THOMAS, Professor in
Columbia University. With Portrait and other Illus-
rest, was given in an unfavourable season, had York's of the new comedy by Mr. Pinero, which trations.
but a cold reception. A comedy in the first will probably not see the light until October. " Prof. Thomas's book is a work o{ serious study, which claims acd
two acts, it developes later into what is known The cast with which this will be given includes, rewards attention." Acnlcutij and Literature.
" Jiy far the most adequate woik upon Schiller as jet accessible, to
as a problem play, showing the manner in in addition to Miss Irene Vanbrugh and Mr. our knowledge, in English. .Maiu-ltester (jnardiun.
"

which a rich courtesan, who has married an H. B. Irving, Mr. Dion Boucicault, Miss Nancy
imbecile marquis, endeavours to force her way Price, Miss Muriel Beaumont, and Miss Sarah SECOND EDITION, crown Svo, 6j. net.
Actors so renowned as MM.
into society.
Pujol, Parade, and Paul Mounet were in turns
Brooke. LINE and FORM. By Walter Crane.
On Saturday, the 23rd, the Haymarket will With 157 Illustrations.
the Marquis de Noriolis ; Madame Pasca and reopen with 'There's Many a Slip,' Capt.
after her Madame Tessandier was La Marquise Marshall's version of La Bataille de Dames.'
'
SECOND EDITION, crown Svo, 6i. net.
(Fanny Lear). 'Carmen, 'produced at the Opera On August 27th the Comedy will reopen with
Comique on March 3rd, 1875, is better known The BASES of DESIGN. By Walter
'
A Woman of Impulse,' by Mr. Victor Widnell, CKANE. With2uO Illustrations.
by the music of Bizet than by the libretto, the title of which will, however, be changed.
which, of course, is drawn from the nouvelle of This piece, first seen on March 24th at the SECOND EDITION, KEVISED. Royal Svo, 15s. net.
Merimde. In Le Petit Due,' given January 25th,
'
Court Theatre, Liverpool, and transferred a
1878, at the Renaissance, with the music of fortnight later to the Princess of Wales's
The PRINT-COLLECTOR'S HAND-
Charles Lecocq, the libretto, which is written BOOK. By ALFKED WHITMAN, of the Department
Theatre, Kennington, shows a daughter incur- of Prints and Drawings, British Museum, Author oJ
with much spirit, is of more account. Les '
ring unjust suspicion for the sake of shielding 'Mastets of Mezzotint.' With 80 Illustrations.
Brigands,' a three - act opera, with music by the honour of her father.
Offenbach, was first seen at the Varidtes, 18G9, Crown Svo, 3s.
Three days later the month's novelties will 6a!.

and is not valuable as literature. To the same

theatre was entrusted, on January 28th, 1881,
be filled up by the reopening of the St. James's INJURIOUS
INSECTS:
and
an Introduction to the Study of Economic
USEFUL
with Mr. McCarthy's 'If I were King,' in which,
' La Roussotte,
a comedie- vaudeville to which MM.
' Entomology. By L C. MIALL, F.K.S., Professor ol
according to present arrangements, Mr. Charles Biology in the Yorkshire College.
Lecocq, Herve, and Boullard contributed inci-
Fulton will play Louis XI,
dental music. Though old-fashioned and conven-
tional, it is a bright and taking piece, in the
September 1st is the date on which it is Crown Svo, is. 6i/.
hoped to produce the first of the two pieces
production of which M. Albert Millaud col-
by Mr. Henry Arthur Jones now in the hands DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS for
laborated. M. Dupuis and Madame Judic EKS. By ALFKED LODGE, M.A
BEGINNEI late Fara-
of Sir Charles Wyndham. In this Miss Ashwell w of St. John's College, Oxford,
day Fellow Professor of
obtained a triumph in the principal parts.
will be supported by Mr. H. V. Esmond, Sir Pure Mathematics at the Royal Indian Engineering
'
Le Mari de la De'butante,' Le Prince,' and '
College, Cooper's Hill. With an Introduction by
Charles reserving himself for the following OLIVER J. LODGE, D.Sc. F.R.S. LL.D., Principal of
'
Loulou were contributed to the Palais
'

piece, with which the new theatre in St. Martin's the University of Birmingham.
Royal. The first - named, which is in four
acts, obtained a conspicuous success, and is
Lane will open.

sometimes quoted even now, though rarely '

The Story of the Gadsbys '
of Mr. Rud- Crown Svo, 2s.

played. Through it runs a vein of satire yard Kipling being dramatized by Mr. Cosmo
is
Hamilton for Mrs. Lewis Waller, who will appear
An INTRODUCTION to CHE^
genuinely Parisian. The scenery also added MISTRY. By MACNAIR, Ph.D. B.Sc, H.M.
D. S.

to the popularity of a piece which needs for
its full enjoyment a Parisian audience. Lou-
lou '
a one-a.ct folie-vaiideville.
is Le Prince,'
given November
25th, 1876, is in four acts, of
which only the first pleased the public. In
spite of fine performances by Geoffrey and
Lheritier the play does not count among the
successes of the authors.
The cast with which The Bishop's Move is ' '
revived at the Garrick is identical with that
with which it was first performed on June 7th,
and includes Miss Violet Vanbrugh as the
in it at the Royalty on September Gth. Inspector of Science Schools.
This book is intended to provide a Second Year's Course in Praetica?
' Quality Street,' by Mr. J. M. Barrie, first
'
Science for pupils who have already pone through a course of Labora-
tory Work in Elemental y IMiysics. The aim of the author has been
' produced at Detroit in October last, will be given to lead the beginner in Chemistry, by a series of simple and logically
at the Vaudeville on September 15th. connected experiments, chiefly of a quantitative nature, to an under-
Miss standing of some of the most important principles of the science and
Ellaline Terriss will replace Miss Maude Adams of the methods of investigation by which they have been established,
beginning with a study of the changes which lake place in the rusting:
as Pbtebe Throssel and Miss Marion Terry will of iron, the student is led on to tr-e investigation of the composition of
air and water, and so to the chemical changes that occur in the burning
be Susan Throssel. of a candle, in the conversion of chalk into quicklime, and in the action
of common acids upon metals. Tlie book will be found specially well
Sarah Grand is said to be completing for pro- suited for use in Irish Intermediate Schools, covering as it does the
duction in the autumn a play which she began whole of the scheme outlined in the circulars of the Department ofc
Agriculture and Technical Instruction.
in collaboration with Mr. Robert Buchanan,
her present associate being Mr. George R. Sims.
The final performance of 'The Merry Wives ABBEY HISTORY READERS.
FRANCIS AIDAN GASQUET, D.Bv
of Windsor ' is fixed for the 8th inst. Edited by the Rt. Rev.
The insistence of the County Council on the EARLY ENGLISH HISTORY (Adapted for Standard III )..

immediate carrying out of the alterations it Containing 12 Stories from Early English History to the-
Duchess and Mr. Arthur Bourchier as Bishop Norman Conquest. With 30 Illustrations. 163 pages, Is.
Ambrose. A Pair of Knickerbockers,' by Mr.
'
commands in the Lyceum will prevent the pro-
STORIES from ENGLISH HISTORY, 1066-1485 (Adapted
mised appearance at that house of Miss Nance for Standard IV.). Containing 20 Stories and Biographies
Eden Phillpotts, was the lever de rideau. from the Norman Conquest to the end of Wars of the Koses.
O'Neil, who, however, will appear at the
With the reopening of the Garrick the Adelphi in a version of Sudermann's Heimat '
With 31 Illustrations. 190 pages. Is. 3d.
autumn season makes what would once have The TUDOR PERIOD, 148.5-1603 (Adapted for Standards
on September 1st. v.). With 43 Illustrations. 169 pages. Is. 'id.
been considered a premature commencement.
The STUART PERIOD, 16u3-1714 (Adapted for Standard
The example set is not likely to be immediately VI.). With 51 Illustrations. 220 pages. Is. Qd.
Erratum. P. 133, col. 1, line 47, for "axe sanctuary"
followed. During the month, however, four read cave sanctuary. The HANOVERIAN PERIOD, 1714-1S37; (Adapted iozs
theatres will reopen with novelties. To CORRESPOXDESTS. J. C. W. J. D. R. J. B. Standard VII.). With IS Illustrations. 192 pages, Is. Oii.
First on the list of these comes the Duke of C. F. G. M.
received.
T. S. O. Better suited for Notes and Queries. London : GEORGE BELL &. SONS,.
York's, at which on the 19th will be given an No York Street, Covent Garden.
notice can be taken of anonymous communications.

N 3901, Aug. 2, 1902 THE ATHENiEUM 1 r,9

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best gardening journal, being indispensable equally to the practical gardener and the man of
science, because each finds in it something useful. We wish the journal still further success.'^
Garten Flora, Berlin, January 15, 1900.
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is to furnish our own country with a journal as admirably conducted."
Le Semaine Horticole, February 13, 1897.

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170 THE ATHENiEUM N^SQOl, Aug. 2, 1902

''Learned, Chatty, Useful." Athenceum.

"That delightful repository of forgotten lore, 'Notes and Queries/"
Edinburgh Review, October, 1880.

Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price 4c?, ; or free by post to the Continent, 4|c?.

A MEDIUM
NOTES AND QUERIES:
OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
%* Subscription, 10s. Zd. for Six Months ; 20*. Qd.for Twelve Months, including postage.

The Eighth Series of NOTES AND QUERIES, each Volume, contains, in addition to a great
complete in 12 vols, price 10s. Gc7.
variety of similar Notes and Replies, Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.

FIRST SELECTION.
ENGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH HISTORY. POPULAR and PROVERBIAL SAYINGS.

King
Churches
Alfred's

Child
Statue in London
Commissions in the
Queen Anne's Fifty New
Army Beckford's Speech

pie Bed

Abraham's Bosom Adam's Ale "All alive and kicking" Apple-
Baling out the Atlantic Babies in the Eyes " Beak "
to George III.
Curfew Bell Queen
Anne Boleyn Greater for Magistrate BeanfeastBorn Days Hangout the Broom
Britain (ienuine Relics of Charles I.

Siege of Derry
Market at Dover The Emerald Isle French Prisoners of War
Slave


Three Estates of the Realm Feer and Flet " He 's an honest
man and eats no fish" "Let us walk down Fleet Street"
Fathers of the House of Commons George III.'s Title, Fool's paradise

" Man of Ghent."
1751_60 Charles I. at Little Gidding. PHILOLOGY.
BIOGRAPHY. Abif Abigail Lady's-maid Adam's
for Name Wonderful
Dr. Abernethy and Hunter
Addison and Shakspeare Age of Arabic Word Ale-dagger Alternative, Misuse " Animal- its

Alexander the Great Major Andre Matthew Arnold's Burial- culse "Incorrect Derivation of Argon " At that Betterment "

place Francis Bacon

Mary Stuart's Secretary Frederick Blazer Bocase Bonfire Bounder Brummagem Buffetier
Barbarossa's Adventures Thomas a Becket Benyowszky's Calibre Cambridge Canard Chaperon or Chaperone

Memoirs Death of Amelia Bloomer Boadicea Napoleon Charivari Chortle Chouse Chum Cooper, floating Grog-shop
John Bright's Poetical Recreations Anne Bronte's Age Mrs. Downy Fad Fantigue Flotsam Foxglove Gent Ghost

Browning's Birthplace Robert Browning as a Preacher Nelson's Names Giaour.
Birthplace
Burns Byron's Birthplace Julius Caesar's Sword GENEALOGY and HERALDRY.
Carlyle and Scott
Casanova Chaucer^ Capt. Cook's Log- History of Armorial Augmentations Badges and
Bearings

book Marriages of Cromwell's Daughters Grace Darling's Crests White Boar a Badge Arms of the See of Canterbury
as

Monument Sophy Daws Dryden's Monument Sir Christopher Cap of Maintenance Heraldic Castles Armorial China

Wren's Epitaph Ferrara Swords Alice Fitz Alan.

College of Arms MSS. Crests a Garter Cross-legged in

BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY.
Supporters of English SovereignsHeraldry France
Effigies in
AWine Dolphin and Anchor " Ana " in Book Titles De Fraternity Genealogists.
of

'

Imitatione Christi
Junius's Letters
'
'Nickleby Married'
FINE ARTS.
'Rattlin the Reefer' Juvenile Authors Beaconsfield Biblio- " ghosts Blocks by Bewick "

graphy Leap-frog Bible Raffling for Bibles Books sold by
Free Societies of Artists Artists'
First Illustrations to Hudibras Portraits of Beau Brummel
' '

the Ton The 'Ship of Fools' Eikon Basilike 'Gladstone

Lavengro
'

Canaletto in England Correggio's Christ on the Mount of '

Bibliography Borrow's Spurious Parts of the

*

Coleridge
'

Olives' Cosway's Portraits Caran d'Ache Holbein's 'Ambas-

sadors
'Pilgrim's Progress' Bibliography Bibliography at
the Columbian Exposition
Dante and Noah's Ark Decadents '
First Steel Engravings Sir J. Gilbert's Book Illus-

and Symbolistes Characters in Dickens Frankenstein and his trations.

Monster Froude's Nemesis of Faith.'
"

ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
POPULAR ANTIQUITIES and FOLK-LORE. Abbe or Abbot Double Abbey Churches Adders on Pulpits
All Fools' Day Almond Tree Superstition Braying of Asses Agbar's Letter to our Lord
Rush-bearing Sunday Holy Water
Ball-playing inChurchyards Banagher Sand Bleeding Bread in Anglican Church
Bachelors' Door in Churches Mortality of
Cakebread Superstition A rbor Day in Canada Thieves'
Bermondsey Priors Metropolitan Bishopric Bishops' Wigs
Candles Cats roasted on John's Day Chalking the Un-
St.
Burial by Torchlight Vegetarian Monks Cantate Sunday
married Cherry Blossom Festival Cornish Fishermen's Super- Cardinal of St. Paul's
Post-Reformation Chancel Screens
Parish Cow Cuckoo walled "Curse of Scotland"
stitions in
Weeping Chancels Wicked Prayer Book Fonts at East End
Demons' Objection Hot WaterRecord Thirteen Dinner
to of Churches.
Divining Rod Luck of Edenhall Egg Saturday Hunting the CLASSICAL SUBJECTS.
Ram Eton Evil Eye Recovering Drowned Bodies German
at " Ave, C^sar, " Beati possidentes
morituri te salutant " "
Bands and Rain -Washing on Holy Thursday Peacock Feathers "Bos locutus est" "Cane Decane, canis" " Civis Romanua
Cures Rheumatism Sneezing Breeding Stones Wheat
for sum " De mortuis
" bonum Delphin
nil nisi "
Classics
thrown Weddings Shower of Frogs.
at " quod vis" Echo
Dilige, et fac Latin Lines "Erubuit; in
I>OETRY, BALLADS, and DRAMA. salva res " Exceptio
est " probat regulam " Fiat "
experi-
Actors Dying on the Stage Actresses' Train-boys 'Address to
.

mentum corpore
in
"Generosus
vili'' non nascitur fit."

a Mummy' National Anthems Portraits Spranger Barry of TOPOGRAPHY.

Francis Beaumont's Baptism Booking Places at Theatres
CoUey Gibber's Death Daveuant's Siege of Rhodes Drama
during the Commonwealth- ^'Gods" at Drury Lane Miss
Fairbrother Gay's Beggar's Opera.' '
Abbotsford Ainsty of York Avalon Bevis Marks Birdcage
' '
Walk Original Bracebridge Hall Bream's Buildings Bunhill
Fields Burial-ground Caorsa Cassiter Bodmin Street,
Celliwig Drayton's Residence in Fleet Street Old Reeky.

Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.

 ;

N-'SOOl, Au(;. 2, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 171

NOTES AND QUERIES. THE ATHENiEUM THE NEW VOLUME OF

Journal of English and Foreign Literature, Science,
(NINTH SERIES.) The Fine Arts, Music, and The Drama.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
The ATHBNAiOM for July Sr. contains Art des on
THIS WEEKS XVMBER coiit<i:ns:~ TEN THOISAND MILES In PERSIA.
NOTES : Stamp Collecting Forty Years Aro Notes on Skeat Con- HENRY Vlll.
cise in l.VJlliooli -titles in IJooks
Dictionarv Italian Jiniolsm
s '

The NEW K.NOMSH DICl'IONARY. NEARLY READY, price 10. 6rf.

"UaicW - Itaiian-lron Raising the wind" Coronation Post- SCOTTISH PHILOSOPHY.
ponementCries of Anin\ils yeniale Stenographers in OKI Times MK. KOOKI'.lt WASHINGTON'S AV'TOIIIOGUAPH Y.
Dickens and Tibullus. "l"HE01.0<ilc;AL LIT ERA TIKE :-A riiicul and Historical Enqulrv I

into the Oiigin of the "I'hird Gospel; I'lic Life of St Luke; .\

UVEKIES E. Malhew lilack Jor
: F.olton .\bbey Compotiis General Johannme Document in the First Chapter ol St Luke's ()i|)el ;
VOLUME IX.
Mourning Race of the Gybblns Mrs. Itarker, Novelist Anderton The Gospel according to St John: an Iiuiuiry into its Genesis ami
Flint Ferrey Nonesopretties " " Spinnel "Holme of Holme : Historical Value; "The Epistles of St John, the Greek "lext with
Hall I'unlop Coincidence
" Fristlnensis Episcopns' liaker Notes and Essays; Etudes .--ur les Evangiles 'The Credibility of ;

Ernulphus Waterloo Hallroom - Haselock Family Danes in the Hook of the Acts of tlie .\postles: being the Hulscnn Lectures
St.
Pembroke Borough of Bishop's Siortford Forster Russian
Story.
for 19(H>-1;K)1 .\n Introduction to the 'Thessalonian Epistles, con-
;

taining a \'indication <)f the Pauline A utlit)rslui> of hnih Epistles,

NINTH SERIES
and an Iuli>rprelalion of the Kschatologlcal Section of i' Tliess. ii.
REPLIES .\lblno Animals
:-.'lTlwin'
Castle Caree " Wild-
.

SHORT STORIES.
Cat "
Candace " Endorsement " Kennett's Whaif
Company STATE PAPERS and CALENDARS. CONTAINS
Mullft " Met "National Flag Orange Hlossoms
Mallet " or RECENT WORK on PLATO.
"Keatiti- vision .\stonish the natives Waldby Family
OCR LIBRARY "T.YBLE :-Lord Strathcona War Horses Present and
Arms Stonins the Wren Marks on Table Linen .sixes and Future; As'oka; Durham Account Rolls; Swift"s I'rose Works;
;

NOTES ON

sevens' .\nieriean Edition of Dickens Locomotive and Gas Colonial Government; A View of Hindoo Society; An English
Fleetwood Pedigree Lady Nottingham
Ainsworlh llyron"s Girl in Paris Western .\ustralia,
Grandfather Halley Family Heuskarian Rarity- Slang of the LIST of NEVV BOOKS
;

Past Hook-markers Phaei Grace befoie Meat Hox Harry"" HERE'S a HEALTH UNTO HIS MAJESTY; MR KKGAN PALL;
Bobbins Family lib s Eve. SAMOAN SACRED ANIMALS; EDMUND PVLE, D.D FROM Bible Authorized Version Bishops' Signatures
: :

NOTES ON BOOKS -Hills" .\ntonio Stradivari ' Yorkshire .\rch;co-

logical Journal, Parts 03 and 61 -' English Historical Review.
'
'
the FLEET in the FIFTIES'; The FIREFLY
A i>o
in ITALY ; SALES. Coronation Dress of Bodleian Librarj- Buona-
LITERARY GOSSIP. parte (Napoleon) and Bcranger his First Mar- ;

Notices to Correspondents. SCIENCE -Millais on Surface- feeding Ducks; History of Geology; riage his Tjast Y^ears
;
Bourne, West, Meaning
Gossip.
FINK ARTS : Mr. Goodalls Reminiscences; Two Catalogues; Tho
and Origin of the Word Burns (Robert) and Jphn
Labyrinth and the Palace of Knossos Sales Gossip.
Logan Bull Baiting previous to Sale
"'

The XVMBER for JVLY iO contains; MUSIC ;-^' Don Giovanni"; I'roduction of Der "Wald'; Royal
; ;
of Flesh, its
NOTES: -Cornbote " on Singing
in Barbour's
Birds Thackeray and Homanpathy' Hoping against hope "
'
Bruce ' Landor Academy Students' Performance
Gossip.
Beethoven and ClementI ;
*

Meaning Byron (Lord) his Ancestry.
Shakespeare .illusions lloudicea its Pronunciation - Writing : DRAMA : ' Les Deux ficoles ' ; Gossip.
Carl3le (Thomas) on Symbols CasseU's Marja-
Lessons on Sand .*ale of the Old Prince of Wales s Iheatre
From the lone shieling Scotts Woodstock Schoolboys' "

The A THENMVM for July 10 contains Articles on zine, itsHistory Chamhcrs's Journal, its History
Rights at Weddings Pam=Knave of Clubs Born on the Field of
Waterloo. SIR. HARRY JOHNSTON On the UGANDA PRO'TEC'TORATE.
Chartists Disappearing Chess Playing Legend
QVERIES: References "Wanted- Hodgskin pass through
' I shall
'The RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE.
VARIEl'IES
The HOUSE of PERCY.
of
Children, their Aflirmations Chocolate, its In-
this worli
Governors
Heasley.
Beesley, &c.
of I'ublic Schools " Charley in Popular Rimes
Capt Morris's Wife Spearing
"'
EARLY HISTORY of the FRENCH in NORTH AMERICA.
troduction into England Christians' and Jews'
North-West I'ox from the North- West I'assage," lG"!."i Gounod-

The HOLYHEAD ROAD.
NEW NOVELS : The Conqueror The Eveshams The Searchers
Compulsory Costume Christ's Hospital, Removal
Duke of Brabant- Legend of Lady Alice Lea Butler's Erewhon
King"s-taper'' First love is a rank exotic ""Almond 'Vree and
'

'The Late Keturning My Lady

of Evil J*rophet Peter ,Scud.
;
;

Peggy goes to Town

;

; 'The Diamond from London Church, Smallest in England ;

Old .\ge lilack Hole of Calcutta Last Survivor Rockall .\ustria The ClitVord's
; ;

:
ANTHROPOLOGY and FOLK-LORE. "YcIeping"or Clipping, Inn, His-
and the Isle of Man Lady Eli'/abeth Percy.
REPLIES Bruce and Burns-Snodgrass Cipher-Story Bibliography-
AFRICAN PHILOLOGY.
RECENT VERSE. tory of
Coronation Peerages ; Sermons ; Song :

Napoleon's First Marriage .^^ou^ning Sunday 'Dirty Old Man ' PALESTINE and ths JEWS. Medallion.
Likenesses of Jesus Iron Duke ' In an interesting condition "
OUR LIBRARY TABLE : Papers from the '.Saturday Review";
German Letters Comic .Annual' Crossing Knives and Forks-

Silhouettes of Children Greek Pronunciation Gender in Getman

History of -Trinity HalU From the Fleet in the Fifties 'The College
Student in the United States .An -Anthology. ;
;
Defoe (Daniel)
Dibdin (Charles) Dici^ens
and Russian "Oti--t"i de 1^." &c. Cliltbrd-Braose .Aut graph LIST of NEW HOOKS. (Charles) Dictionary of National Biography
Quant Lime-tree DISBANDING of the CROMWRLLIAN ARMY; The FIREFLY
Cottage Ladv Morley ' Barracked "
Baronets of Nova Scotia Papal Provisions May Cats- Hour of
The
in ITALY A QUESIION of FACTS; ROBERT CROMWELL
: ;
Dutch East India Company Dutch Refugees in
Sunday Morning Service Dutch Refugees in London" Ye gods The "HOUSEL of EARTH": The LIVRE DHEURES of the London.
and little fishes: "Hebrew Incantations " Returning thanks."' DUKE of CLARENCES MOTHER-IN-LAW; The MARRIAGE
NOTES ON BOOKS: "New
BritAnnica,' \'ol. III.
English Dictionary ' 'The Encyclopaedia
and BURIAL CEREMONIES of the OLD PERSIANS; S.ALES.
Ai,so East India Badge Endorsement England's
LITERARY GOSSIP. Darling.
Notices to Correspondents. SCIENCE: Natural History .Anthropological Notes Gossip.
Fleetwood (Col. George).
; ;

FINE AR"I'-S ; Art History and Biography; Greek Coins; Miss Female Fighters
Williams's Copies of Velasquez; Oxford 'I'opography Sales; ;

Games Georges I.-IV., Lines on Greek

Gossip-
T!ie XVMBER for JULY 19
contains:
MUSIC: La Princesse Osra"; Studies in Music; Gossip; Perform- Pro-
NOTES : The Craftsman on Chess Bacon-Shakespeare Dunwich
' ' ances Next Week. nunciation.
mudgeon
or Dunmow a Bishop's See Of Alley
Coke 'Hiddenitc
Comic Scotch" Wedgewood."'
'Motherland" "Cur-
Youngs 'Night 'Thoughts
DR.A.M.A : La Veine "; Two Plays Gossip. ;

Heartsease, Legend of.

QCERIES : Lowell Quotation Monastic Sheep-farming Lambrook
TheATHEN^VMfor July 12 contains Articles on
Stradling-" rresher "-Byron's Hust Pronunciation of O Dic- MR FIRTH on CROMWELL'S ARMY.
C. H. Inquests in Olden Times.
tionary of Greek .Mythology Donglas' Ghost at the Funeral CONTENTIO VERITATIS.
Cocking or Ducking Stool Sixteenth-Century Duel" Care, vale
" WORDS am their WAYS in ENGLISH. Kipling (Rudjard).
" Harry Dick hat": "Adelaide waistcoat" Armada Chests- '
The SCO'I'T COUNTRY and STIRLING:
Stafford Family Projecti' n on a Saw Wellington Pamphlet Chi-
"

TWO EDITIONS of ARISTOPHANES.

Kho Monogram Botanical Sz(^*chenyi. NEW NOVELS:- Ahana; Marta;
Generation; 'The Blood 'Tax;
A
A
Friend of Nelson; The Second
Blaze of Glory; 'The Ranee's
leisure Hour Jubilee Lord Mayors, Early Por-
REPLIES : Shelley's Ancestry Guest Family Strawberry Lfaves Rubies Margaret. ;
traits of.
Trinity Monday Byron s Grandfather Honorificabililudinitas- PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS.
Cockade of George 1 Old Wooden Chest Westminster City SPORTS and PASl'IMKS. Macaulay and Hannah More.
Motto " Meresteads "" Lovel De Hautvillp 'Tedula Almanac TheWAR and the FKENCH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT.

:

Medals 'Tennis- Jew-j" Way, Gate, &c " Heroina" Metrical OUR LIBRARY TABLE: The Bond of Empire; Mr. Streets Essays;
Palter Ycleping the Church ".Autocrat " in Russian Merry
"
"Westminster and Chelsea; Guide to Historical Novels; Prof. New South Wales, P'irst British Subject born in
England and the Mass Arthur's Crown-" Sixes and sevens ''^
Wilcocks Babies in the eyes " Londres Ainsworth Mrs. LIST
Bury's History of Greece Reprints Books for Children.
of NEW BOOKS.
; ;
Nicknames, Political, of Chamberlain and Billow.
'Thrale s Streatham House "' Flowering Sunday "Yarrow Un- The PLOW.MAN'S TALE'; The LONDON LIBRARY' CATALOGUE;
visitedFollett King's Champion Gladstone an Italian .\ddre83 : The FIREFLY in ITALY; CHATHAM and the CAPTURE of Owens College Jubilee.
Arms of Continental Cities "Trenthara and Gower Families. havana in i;ol'; john clare's library: bellenden's
scots "translation of livy; bibliography of walter Portuguese, Naval Supremacy of.
NOTES ON BOOKS: Arrowsmith'9 'Registers of Wigan '-' Cata- savage landor.
logue of Deeds in the Record Office," Vol. III.' Folk-lore.' Also-
Notices to Correspondents. literary GOSSIP. St. Clement Danes Sleeping Garments, Earliest
SCIENCE : Recent Publications ; Societies ; Meetings Next "Week ; Use of.
Gossip
FINE ARTS:-Van
77i NUMBER for JVLY 12 contains ; Dyck's Sketch-Book Pottery and Porcelain;
Egyptian Anti(iuities at University College Sales; Gossip,
;

Tedula, Bird mentioned by Spenser Tenni.^,

;

NOTES De
Wyk
Laei Family Birmingham Bmmagem Mr. Thorns
and " Wick ""Jacob Verses-Ettigy in Tettenhall Church-
:
" " MUSIC :Glasenapp's Life of Wagner; Opera at Covent Garden;
Crystal Palace I'eace Festival; Mr. Bispham's Recitation of

Origin of the Name Thackeray Thrale (Mrs),
yard
" Reliable " Psendo-Scientitic Novel A Travelled Ooat 'Enoch Arden '; Gossip Performances Next Week. ; her House at Streatham.
'" Elncubration
""Wearing Hats in Church Serjeant8-at-I.Aw under DRAMA-Gossip.
James I. "Returning thanks"''" Rock-bottom prit-es "-Weather-
cock at Exeter Was'ail-bread; Wassail-Land- Disappearance of a
THE ATHENJEUM, EVERY SATURDAY,
Watts-Dunton, his Aylwin' Window Glass,
'
its-
Banking Firm. EarliestUse Windsor Uniform.
QUERIES :-I.amb"s '
SaUn in Search of a Wife' Halley Family- PRICK IHUKEPKNCE, OF
Admiral f.ordon in Ru-^sian Navy Baronets of Nova Scotia Yard of Ale.
" Muthneer "Barbadian Registers- Elizabeth Percy-Greek and
Rnssian Ecclesiastical Vcttmenis Bobbins Family Sanderson
JOHN C. FRANCIS,
Family- H. W. Smyth-stuart Baxter and Cnmmings Knighthood Atherueum Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, Bibliography.
'Fetlocked s "T. Coleridge Fountain Pen Statistical Data-
Hebrew Incantations Arms on FIreliack. E.C. and of all Ne^wsagents.
;
Books recently published.
REPLIES Arms of Eton and \\ inchester- Hymn on King Ed-
ward VII. -National Flag-Dead Nca Level- C. Kabinglon Arms ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, Epigrams.
of Knight!- Ro<,4etti s Raggit-ro Royal Standard Henrv IV 's
Exhumation Green Cnlacky Dcfoe "Circular joys Tili's Eve
"Keep your hair on Aix la-Chapelle " I.upo-mannaro " ' EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, Epitaphs.
Disappearing Chartists ' Le Fizgcrt Evolution of a Nose-
Daggering Coronation Dress of Bishops Sworn Clerks In
Chancery Stadordsh ire Sheriffs Locomotive and Gas The Author
ACCIDENT AND DISEASE Folk-lore.
of Evil Fonts- r. Phacr<tuotatlon- Authors Wanted Gerald (SMALL POX, SCARLET FEVER, TYPHOID, DIPHTHERIA, &c
Griftin Win'*sor Cnlform-Black Malibran-Att'irney Epitaph
),

Mont PeKe-St Paul and Seneca-Gillespie Grumacli-Old Songs- Heraldry.

W Baxler-'Knlfe" Female Fighters-' towards of" Lady- BURGLARY AND FIDELITY INSURANCE.
day Day. Proverbs and Phrases.
AILWAY PAbSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
NOTES ON BOOK*
Notices to Correspondents.
:
Nottingham Parish RegUters'
'Archbishop Kotherham ' Revlewa and Magazine*.
' - Bennett
R EstablUhcd 1^49 CLAI.MS PAID i.'4,),000.
Quotations.
M. CORNHILL, LONDON. A. VIAN, Secretary.
Shakespeariana.
Price ^.d. each ; by post, k\d. each.
D INNEFORD'H The best remedy for
MAGNESIA. Songs and Ballads.
ACIDITY of the 8TO.M*CH, HBARTBUUN,
HEADACHE, GOUT,
And INDIOR.HTION.
Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, And .Safest Aperient for Delicate ConttltatlODI,
lAdfeii, Children, find Infants.
JOHN C. FRANCIS.
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. Office of Niitei and Qucrict, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
 '

172 THE ATHEN^UM N3901, Aug. 2, 1902

WARD. LOCK & CO;S NEW NOVELS.

Splendidly ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Particulars of nearhj 3,000 Volumes in every
Department of Literature sent post-free on application.

SIX SHILLINGS EACH. FIVE SHILLINGS.

riRST LAKGK EDITION EXHAUSTED. SECOND IMPllESSION NOW HEADY. GUY BOOTHBY'S GREATEST STORY.
THE GREAT AWAKENING. MY STRANGEST CASE.
ByE. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM, The LIVERPOOL MEHCUUy says: "We
have no hesitation in saying that in
Author of '
A Millionaire of Yesterday,'
The Survivor,* ' Mysterious Mr. Sabin,' &c. cotistruction, in sequence, in actuality, in vigour, in verisimilitude, and in reality of

The DUNDEE ADVERTISER says : " Than that author there is no more competent interest '
My
Strangest Case must take precedence of any of his previous works.'
'

ev/ writers have an equal power of Ttie i OHKSIJIHE PO.S'7" says : " No work of Mr. Boothby's seems to us to have
and attractive exponent of present day romance.
approached in skill his new story. It is worked out with real ingenuity, and written with
prom!)t fascination. His very first page casts a spell; each final passage in his stories leaves
so much skill that the reader's attention is from first to last rivetted on the narrative."
-the reader thoroiiglily satisfied with the entertainment."
TheyOUKSHlRE fOST says -" weird and fascinating story, which, for real beauty
: A The GLA:>GOW HERALD says : " A wonderful story."
and originalitv, ranl<s far above the ordinary novel."
The RO'-lv says , ..
" One of the cleverest novels that has been written for a long whne.
:
,,

READY SHORTLY.
The DA/LV TELEGIiAPH snys: "Possesses an absorbing interest; it has also an
extraordinary fascination."
The DAILY MAIL says : " Em phatically clever.' GUY BOOTHBY'S NEW NOVEL.
THE KIDNAPPED PRESIDENT.
PROPHET PETER. Great and world-wide as Mr. Boothby's popularity is, the circulationof each new novel from
his pen proves that the heyday of his success has not yet been reached. It is also worthy
By MAYNE LINDSAY, to note that fine and remarkable as all his stories have been, each new one that he issues is
Author of 'The Whirligig,' The Valley of Sapphires,' &c. "
almost unanimously pronounced by press and public alike to be even better than its pre-
decessor. The Kidnapped President will certainly gain that eulogium.
'

The r/.WSS'says : " Prophet Peter is a work of art, that proceeds from a quiet and
'
' '

beautiful opening by natural stages to a necessary conclusion. One most difidcult thing
-the author has succeeded in doing well imparting conviction."
The GLASGOW UEliALl) says : " Excellent. Peter is one of tlie most fascinating
figures in recent fiction. We have nothing but praise for this well-written book."
THREE SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE EACH.
MR. JOSEPH HOCKING'S NEW NOVEL.
CORONATION : a Novel GREATER LOVE.
By BERNARD HAMILTON, The NEWCASTLE CHRONICLE says : " Though of a totally different character
Author of '
The Light,' A Kiss for a Kingdom, &c.
'
from Lest We Forget,' Mr. Hocking's latest story is entitled to take rank along with that
'

fine romance. The story arrests the attention from the first chapters, and soon becomes
The LEEDS MERCURY says : " The author has produced almost an epic. His story highly dramatic."
QUEEN says " Mr. Hocking has one main fact always before him in
'

goes with a splendid swing, and the style a high level.rises to The :
writing his
The SCOTSMAN s&ys :" Makes ideal reading fur the man by whom a good historical
books to interest his readers; and he succeeds admirably in doing so."
movel is beloved."

A WOMAN OF WILES. SPLENDID MOURNING.

By ALICK MUNRO. By CRANSTOUN METCALFE.
"A Man of Kent" in the BRITISH WEEKLY (nearly a column review) says: "I
The SPECTATOR says A
:-" Exceedingly fascinating. brisk story, full of well-told
have been interested in Splendid Mourning.' The book gives a picture of literary life in
'

incident and vividly coloured as good a thing of its kind as one may expect to meet with."
MORNING :-"
;
London and is far more true than >ueh books usually are. Altogether there is in this book a
The POST savs Vastly entertaining."
frank and simple truthfulness an instinctive rejection of what is exaggerated and false
The LIVERPOOL COURIER says: "A most iuteresting and exceedingly well-
which pleases me. It is like life."
written story."

A LORD OF THE SOIL. BEYOND THE LAW.

By HAMILTON DRUMMOND, By GERTRDDE WARDEN,
Author of '
Saints and Sinners,' '
The Wooing of a Fairy,' &c.
Author of 'The Seven Houses,' 'A Man of his Age,' &c.

The TIMES says: "No

lack of imagination here. 'A Lord of the Soil' is a grim,
This is the most striking story which Miss Gertrude Warden has written. Here is sen-
sationalism which has tlie genuine thrill of horror for the reader, and is not merely the
powerful study of hate and two deep mysteries. There is strength alike in the tale and in piling up upon paper of crime upon crime. Anything more ghastly than her conception of
the telling."
the lethal chamber, which was used alike for would-be suicides and for the carrying out of
deliberate murder has not been penned for a long time. The tale is so finely constructed and
so impressively carried out that it is likely greatly to increase Miss Gertrude Warden's
ZIKE MOULDOM. reputation.

By ORME ANGUS, Author of Jan Oxber,' Love in ' '

our Village,' &c.
The DUNDEE ADVEIiTlSKH says :" Wrought by the pen
ipage of the book is found the imprint of genius.
of a master. On every ROBERT MINER, ANARCHIST.
By H. BARTON BAKER.
READY SHORTLY.
READY SHORTLY.
THE WAYFARERS. A MIGHTY EMPIRE.
By J. C. SNAITH,
Author of ' Mistress Dorothy Marvin,' Fierceheart the Soldier,' ' '
Lady Barbarity,' &c. By J. SWINDELLS BARLOW,
'The Great Afrikander Conspiracy,' &c.
Author of
Mr. J. C. Snaith's new novel literally bubbles over with fun, frolic, high spirit, fighting,
and adventures. It begins with the hero's escape from the bailiffs across the housetop, to Whatever critical opinion may be passed upon this story, no one can say that it is
do which he takes a flying leap that makes one giddy, and from that point onward the tale ordinary. It stands by itself. E.\travagant it may be, for it out-Haggard's Mr. Haggard's
rattles along till we have our till of fisticuffs, love-making, and dashing adventure, and put 'She'; but it is at least conceived on a hug'' scale, and carried out proportionately. We
down the novel with never a stop in the interest from the first page to the last. are taken in spirit to Omdurman, to the Malidi's Tomb, and to the Pyramid of Ra "Thebae,
and witness in the course of our journey sights strange beyond credence, described with
great vividness. Not many who read the story will believe it, l.)ut all will be thrilled,
impressed, and stirred.
A SOLDIER'S LOVE.
By A. WILSON BARRETT, Author of The Golden Lotus,' &c.
Mr. A. Wilson Barrett bears a famous name. This new novel will be read with unusual
'
THE MASTER SPY.
curiosity, and the general opinion is likely to be that he will come as much to the front as By ROBERT J. BUCKLEY.
a writer as his father has as an actor. Mr. Barrett has taken Dumas as his model, and Had Mr. Sherlock Holmes been a Secret Service official instead of a Crime Investigator
there is no going to sleep over this bustling story, for he hurri^s one along from scene to we might have expected a book upon some such lines as those of The Master Spy' from '

scene with wonderful swing and go A more entertaining and delightful book on the lines the pen of Sir Conan Doyle The author has succeeded in creating a personality scarcely
of The Three Musketeers has not been produced for a long time.
'
less marked and less memorable than Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Nikola, or Captain Kettle.

AYARD, LOCK & CO., Limited, Salisbury Square, London, E C.

i
Editorial Commamuatinns snnold Be addressed to "The Editor " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher" at the OSice. Bream' Bnlldinea Chancery Lane, B C
Printed bj John BowtED Faiwcia. Athenaenm Press. Bream's Baildlngs. Chancery Lane, E.C and Published by John C. Frimcis at Bream's Bnlldines. Chancery Ijne BO
.

AKenls for Scotlind. Messrs. Bell & Bradfute and Mr. John Menzies, Edinbui'^ih Saturday, Augu^^t ISOi 1',
 ::

THE ATHENiEUM
SJoiirnal of Ofncylissl) anti fovtm Xttrratiirf, ^rintrf, tl)f Jfinc ^ils(, iWusfir antr tOr 29rama<

PIIICR
No. 3902. SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 1902. THREEPENCE
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President of three recent Testimonials, to be endorsed "Junior Assistant Testimonials as Candidates may wibh to submit, should reach the
The Right Hon. the LOUD GLENESK. l.ibrarian." and to be sent. ad<iressed to me, at the 'Town Hall, Secretary on or before WEDNESDAY, October 1.

'Woolwich, not later than THURSDAY. August 28, 1902. Full particulars will be sent on application.
Treasurer T. GREGORY FOSTER, Secretary.
Candidates will be required to devote the whole of their time to the
The LONDON and WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED. duties of theii' appointment.
K Donation of Ten Guineas constitutes a Vice-President and gives
three votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of 'Three Guineas
gives a vote at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscriber is
entitled to one tote at all elections in respect of each Five Shillings
Canvassing the Members of the Council will disqualify.

Town Hall,
Bv Order.
Woolwich, July
ARTHUR
20, 1902.
B. BRYCESON, Town Clerk. cBOUNTY COUNCIL
LECTURER IN MINING.
of LANARK.
60 paid.
MEMBERSHIP. Every Man and Woman throughout the United
Kingdom, whether I'ublislier, Wholesaler, Retailer. Employer, or
Employed, is entitleJ to become a Member of this Institution, nnd H E A D MISTRESS. Owing
the post of
to the appointment of the
Lectureship in Mining and Geology
LECTURER in MINING
V.ACAN'T, and applications for the vacancy are Invited.
County Lecturer In Mining to the
In the Glasgow Technical College,
in the C'iUN'TY of is L.ANARK
enjoy its benefits upon pavment of Five Shillings annually, or Three
Guineas for life, provided that he or she is engaged in the sale of The GOVEHNING BODY the AVVGGESTON GIRLS'
of HIGH Salary 2tXJ/ with 'Travelling Expenses.
,

Newspapers.
PENSIONSThe Annuitants the Men
now number Thirty-six,
receiving 25.' and the Women 20/. include :
per annum each, and they
The " Royal Victoria Pension Fund, which was established in 1887
and enlarged in 1897. to commemorate the great advantages the News
Trade has enjoyed under the rule of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria,
provides Pensions of 2U.' a year each for Four Widows of Newsvendore.
The Committee hope they may be enabled to increase thlg Fund as aa
appropriate Memorial of the Queen's beneficent reign.
The Francis Fund provides Pensions for One .Man. 2.';; and One
' "
SCHOOL. LEICESTER, invite applications for the position of HEAD Application should be lodged, not later than AUGUST 21, with the
MISTRESS, which will become VACAN r at CHRIS PMAS NEXT. The Director of Technical Education for Lanarkshire, County Offices,
salary will be KM!., and a Capitation Fee of U ^s. for each Girl up to Hamilton, and should be accompanied by twelve copies of 'Testimonials.
" One Hundred, and 1/. for all above that number. There is accommoda- Applicants should state their age, qualifications, present employ-
tion in the School for about 350 Girls, and at present there are 315 in ment, and the experience they have had in similar work.
attendance. No Residence is provided, and RoardTs are not taken. W ALSTON DYKES, County Clerk.
Applications, with not more than four original Testimonials, must be
received on or before SEPTEMliER 10. together with twenty-five
printed or type-written copies of the application and Testimonials.
Each applicant must state her 1) Frofessional Training (H) Univer- u NIVERSITY of DURHAM.
,
1 ;

'Womin. 201 and was specially subscribed in memory of the late John
,
sity Degree, ifany (3) Experience {4j Age and (5) Present Appoint-
; ; ;
DIPLOMA IN THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TE.ACHING.
Francis, who died on April 6, lSo2. and was for more than fifty years ment.
Candidates are requested not to canvass. Particulars of the Course of 'Training for Secondary Teachers and of
Pablisher of the Atluiutuin. He took an active and leading part For further information apply to the Examination for the above Diploma may be obtained from the
throutihout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the Seireiary or ExtMix uiuNs, North Bailey, Durliam.
then "Taxes on Knowledge," and was for very many A. H. BURGESS, Clerk to the Governors.
various existing
1, Berridge Street, Leicester, July 'J9, 190i'.
Tears a staunch supporter of this Institution.
The Horace Marshall Pension Fund is the gift of the late Mr. Horace LIT. BARTHOLOMEWS HOSPITAL and
Brooks Marshall. 'The c^nployia of that firm have primary right of
election to its benefits, but this privilege never having been exercised,
the General Pensions of the Institution have had the full benefit
u RBAN district COUNCIL of BROMLEY. COLLEGE.
(University of London.)
arising from the interest on this investment since 1887 SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART. The WINTER SESSION will BEGIN on WEDNESDAY, October 1,
The Hospital Pensions consist of an annual contribution of 35!,
"

'The SCIENCE and ART COMMITTEE is prepared to receive applica- 11102.

whereby Sir Henry Charles Buidett and his co-directors generously tions for the appointment of SCIENCE MASTER from Gentlemen Students can reside in the College, within the Hospital walls, subject
enable the Committee to grant 20/ for One Year to a Man and 15/ for ([ualified under the Directory issued by the Board of Education. to the Collegiate regulations.
One Year to a Woman, under conditions lai<I down in Rule 8c, Classes for Chemistry (Theoretical and Practical) and Mathematics 'The Hospital contains a service of 750 Beds. Scholarships and Prizes
W. WILKIE JONES, Secretary. and some other Science Subject in the Directory Syllabus, if required, of the aggregate value of nearly 900/. are awarded annually.
will be held on Three Evenings in each Week during the Session, The Medical School contains large Lecture Rooms and well-appointed
Laboratories for I'ractical Teaching, as well as Dissecting Rooms,
A RUSSIAN LADY, who
be glad to JOIN an ENGLISH PARTY (prefers meinbers ol the
Trofessional Classes; TRAVELLING to RUSSIA or NORWAY.
speaks English, would whicli extends from the 'Third \Veek in September to the End of July.
There is a Chemical Laboratory fitted for 'Twenty-four Students.
Salary, 80/ per annum, together with the Grant received from the
Board of Education.
Museum, Library, &e.
The Amalgamated clubs' Ground
within easv reach of the Hospital,
(ten acrcsj is at Winchmore Hill,

Write Rcssii, 44, Chancery Lane, W.C. Applications, slating age, qualifications, and experience, to be For further particulars apply, personally or by letter, to The
delivered to me as under not later than WEDNESDAY, August 20 next. W-iRDEN 01 THE Coj.i,E(,r, St. Bartliolomcw's Hospital, E.C.
By Order, A Handbook forwarded on application.
TADY, well educated, good knowledge of French,
FRED. II. NORMAN, Clerk to the Council.
German, and Type-Writing, desires POSTin LIBRARY. Would
J
District Council Offices, Bromley, Kent, July 30, 1902. OT. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL and
give services for Three Months in order to gain experience. Address
W. B. L., 132, Bradford Hoad, Huddersfield. O COLLEGE.
COLLEGE WALES,
"WO SALARY. GENTLEMAN,
i-^ travelled. OFFERS SERVICES in LIBRARY,
well-read,
Private or Public.
u NIVERSITYABERYSTWYTH.
The COUNCIL invite apolications for the post of ASSISTANT
of

FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS
(University of London.)
OPEN SCHOLARSHIPS.
and ONE EXHIHITION,
worth 150/ 76/ .
,

Address, R. R.. care of Francis & Co., 13, Bream's Buildings, EC. NORM.AL MASTER and ASSIS TAN T LECTURER on EDUCATION, 7o/., 00/.. and 20/.
SEPTEMBI'.R 22, 11I02., viz.. Two
One Year, will be coiupeled for on
each, tenable for
Senior Open Scholarships, value of
Applications, accompanied hv 'Testimonials, must be sent, on or before
7,';/. each, will be awarded to the best Candidates {If of suffic ent merit)
S.A'TURD.A Y, September 0. 1902, to the undersigned, from w horn further
RESEARCH
Work
Historical
French ; alio
or
Translation UNDERTAKEN on moderate
General; Index particulars can be obtained. T. TIMER OREEN, Registrar. MOR in not more than 'Three nor fewer than Two of
Chemistry. Physics. Zoology. Botany, Physiology. Anatomy.
the following
M Francis & Co., Athenxum Press, Bream's Build- Candidates lor these Scholarships must be under Twenty-five years
teniis. Address
ings, EC.
,

IJN IVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS. of age. and must not have entered to the -Medical or Surgical Pi-actlcc
of any London Medical School
ONE JUNIOR OPEN SCHOLARSHIP In SCIENCE, value 1,V'/., and
WORK for AUTHORS and LECTURESHIP IN GERMAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. One Preliminary Scientific F.xlilbition, value .'Xil will be awarded to
RKSEAHCH
-LITERARY and GENEALOGICAL WORK
Others.
The UNIVERSITY COURT of the UNIVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS the best Candidates under THcnty-ime years of age (If of sufficient
,

UNDERTAKEN invite applications for the Office of LECTURER in GERM.AN at a merit) In not fewer than Three of the following -Bouny, Zoology,
by EXPERT. Family Pedigrees and Histories Traced. Historical Plivsiologv. Physic", and I'heniUtry,
Records, Parish Registers ."Searched. salary of ,^00/. per annum
Materials for Books and
The person appointed will be required to enter upon his duties on 'The JEAIIRESON K\ HI lllTloN (value 2<i/. will be competed for i

Pamphlets Collected and Prepared for Publication. lodexlng. Refer- at the same time. 'The subjects of examination arc Latin, Mathe-
WEDNESDAY. October 1902.
matics and any one of the 'Three t<dlonlng Ijingunges Greek.
1,
ences. A. G., Alperton, Wembley.
Applications, accompanied by twenty copies of 'Testimonials,
marked on the outside cover. " lectureship in German. must be '
French, and German The Classical Subjects are those of the London
"I>EHIND the SCENES in SOCIETY and lodged on or before WKDNKSDAY, September I',i02. with the under- .'I, University Matriculation Kxamlnatlon of June. I'.i2
The suciessful Candidates In all these Sebolarsblps will be required
If Politics -A writer oI position and popularity is OPEN signed, from whom further Information may be obtained.
to URGULAR WORK under these headings Address E. Candidates are particularlv requested not to call on the Electors. to enter to the full course at St Bartholomew's Hopltal In the
R. H. S.,
Pr>ncls& Co., Athenaum Press, Bream's Hnildinga, E.C. JOHN E WILLIAMS. Secretary and Registrar. October succeeding the Examination
The UnlTcralty, St. Andrews, July 29, MK For particulars, application may be made, personally or bj letter, to
C
Till Waiuiis or THE Ciiir..), St Bartholomew's Hospital. E
fVO EDITORS
1 PHILOSOPHY, ETHIOS. and
and PUBLISHERS. EXPERT UNIVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS. BARTHOLOMKW'S HOSPITAL and
in THEOI.iiGY. would UNDER-
TAKE some ADDITIONAL high-class WORK- Writing. Reviewing,
(University College. Ihindec.) ST. COLLEGE
or Trunslating Address Do^ioa, care of Francis & Co.. 13, Bream's LECTURESHIP IN PHILOSOPHY. (I nlvcrslly of Ixindon).
Bulldingi, Chancery Lune. E.C. he UNIVERSITY (.'OURT of the UNIVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS
I
PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC CLASS.
Invite applications for the post of LECTURER in PHILOSOPHY at
U.NIVKR.si'TY COLLEOB, DU.NDEB. rendered vacam by the appoint- SYSTB.MA'TIC COURSES of LKCTUREK and LAHOKATOUV WORK
AS MAN. LADY, SEC KKTARY to POLITICIAN or LITERARY ment of Dr J Ilalllle to the Chair of Moral philosophy in the In the SUHJECTR of thi- I'KKLI M N A It V K( I 1KN TIFK' and INTER;
well qualified, and thorough French Scholar, University of Aberdeen Ml;l>lATEHSc EXAMINATIONS of Ihe N I' 1 VKUSli Y of LONDON
requires Permanent Post as same.- .Apply V. V care of Robertson's , 'The person appointed will be rctjulrcd to enter upon fall duties on will commence on o<-TOIIER 1 and continue till JULY, I'.'ir).

Library, 43, King's Road, Chelsea. WEDNESDAY, October I, llKt'. Attendance on this Class counts as part of the Five \oars Curri-
.Applications, accompanied by twenty conies of 'Testimonials, and
"lie for the whole Course. 21... or IW 18i to itudent* of the Hoipltal
'
marked on the outside cover. " eclureship in PhlloBopby." mu^l be
' i

/'i.ENTLEMAN. of good character and position, lodged on or before WKDNEHDAV, September 1902, with the under- or single Subjects may be taken.
'7 with sixteen years' Legal and Commercial experience, and now signed, from whom further Infoniiallon may be obtained.
.'),

There Is a Special < lans for Ihe January KxamlnallOD.

reading for a University Degree, is OPEN to take a SKCKK'TAKY-iHIP, Candidaten are parilmlarly requested nfit to call on the Electors. For further partleuUrs applv to the Wuiiiv <>i UIL Col L>.t, St.
or any Position of Tru.t. where his knowledge will be of u-<- Mi.' JOHN K, WILLIAM-; SccreUry and Rcglitrar. lurtliolomew Mospllal. London. K ('
;3, St. James's Road, Wett Croydon. Ihe Unlverilty.St. Andrewa, August, lixr.'. A llai.dbook torwardtd on ippllcatlon.
 ;

171 THE ATHEN^UM N 3902, Aug. 9, 1902

BIRMINGHAM, 'rHE AUTHORS' AG KNCY. Established CONTENTS OF THE
N VEUS TY of 1879.
u 1 I
1 'The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
INETEENTH CENTURY AFTER
lACULTIES OF SCIENCE, ARTS, AND COMMERCE.
VM2-3.
Publishing ariaiigcd. MSS. placed with Publishers. Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. Uubuiies, ',H, Paternoster Row.
N CENTENARY
The ALEXANDRE
for AUGUST, 1902.
and
of DUMAS. By Algernon Charle
The SESSION will COMMKNCE on WKDNKSDA V. October 1. llio:,'
The UNIVEHSITV confei-8 DKCiKEES in SCIKNCE (inchniinK
ENGINEERING), ARTS, and COMMKRC'K upon Rtudenta wlio liavo
p
Vy
MITCHELL k CO., Agents for the Sale and
Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake "Valuations for
Swinburne.
WHAT HAVE WE GAINED
Frederick Greenwood.
by EDUCATION-SO FAR? By
attended prescribed Vniveruity Courses of Study. These Courses are Probate or Purchase. Investigations, and Audit of Accounts, &c. Card
also open to all who may wish to join them, whether Candidates lor ofTerms on application. The ANTI-BRITISH MOVEMENT In GERMANY'. By O. Eltzbacher.
Defjrces or not. . . Mitchell House, 1 and 2, Snow Hill, Holborn Viaduct, E.G. 'The FUTURE of RUSSIA. By A.-R. B -de Bilinski.
K.XHimrioNS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES, &c., are oflered for
competition. I'TALY and the TRIPLICE. By Lloyd Sanders.
DIPLOMAS In EDUCATION arc granted to Candidates fulfilling the
A then;i<:um press. john edward TURKISH RULE EAST of JORDAN. By Gertrude Lowthian Bell.
reiiuired conditions. Jl\ FRANCIS, Printer of the Alhen<r)im, Kolei and Qxeiien, Ac,
lECHNICAL C0URSK8 are provided in EnKinccMinc
is The RECONSTRUCTION of HAINAULT FORE.ST. With a Map. By
SPKCI.\L SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK, NEWS, and
prepared to Sir Robert Hunter.
Mechanical, and Electrical),
(Civil, Metallurgy, Mining, Applied PERIODICAL PRINTING.-I3, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, B.C.
Geology, and in .Malting and ISrewing. OLD MASTERS and MODERN CRITICS. By Charles L. Eastlake.
For the present, the Vnlversity also provides PRELI.MIN.4RY
COURSKS in preparation for the MATRICULATION EXAMINATION The LAST RE.STING-PLACF, of OUR ANGEVIN KINGS. By Cecil
Crttnlogtiea. Hallett.
of the University, and for other purposes.
8YLL.\KUSES of the Faculties of Science, Arts, and Commerce, and "The READER of PLAYS to the RESCUE":
of the School of Malting and Krewing, are now ready, and may be FIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS, 1. A Reply. By H Hamilton Fyfe.
obtained <)iv(is from Messrs, Cornimi, New Street, Uirminghani, or on including Dickens, 'Thackeray, Lever. Ainsworth Books illus- ;
2 A Rejoinder. By Walter Frewen Lord.
application at the University. trated by O and R. Cruikshank, Phi:<, Rowlandson, Leech, &c. 'The
largest and choicest Collection otTered for Sale in the World. Cata- The .i:S'THETICS of NA^AL ARCHITECTURE. By VV J. Fletcher.
There in tiho a FaciiUy of Medicine (inrludiiig a Deimrlmenl of Dentii>tiy).
logues issued and sent post free on application. Books Bought.
Walter T. Spe.ncer, 27, New Oxford Street. Loudon, W.C.
WHY NOT a McnoR-CAR WAY THROUGH ENGLAND'.' By B. H
'Thwaite, C.E.
A Syllabus, conUnning friU imiticnlars, is imblished sepaTately.
The FOLK-LORE of HORSESHOES and HORSESHOEING. By the
COLLEGE, LONDON. LEIGHTON'S George Fleming, C B.
KING'S London.)
(University of (CATALOGUE of EARLY PRINTED and
late Dr.
WAR CORRESPONDENTS and the CENSORSHIP. By Perceval
Landon.
FULL COURSES MATRICULATED STUDENT.S in ARTS.
for
LAWS. SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, MEDICINE, and THEOLOGV, at
^ other INTBRESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS. LAST MONTH. By Sir Wemyss Held.
Composition Fees, or Students may attend the Separate Classes. and BINDINGS. London : Sampson Low, Marston & Co , Ltd.
Preparations for all Examinations of the University.
.MK'H.VELMAS TERM COMMENCES OCTOHER 2. Part II , containing letter C, price 2-. With 220 Illu'trations in Facsimile.
For Prospectuses and all information apply to the SEcnirrAiiY, King's
J, & 3. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
q^HE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL. Price 2s.
College, London, W.C. JL Confen/s AUGUST.
LADIES' DEPARTMENT, KENSINGTON. -MICHAELMAS TERM Part I. containing A B, with 120 Illustrations, price ~s. On Snow-waves and Snow-drifts in Canada, with Notes on the " Snow-
COMMENCES October 13. Apply to the Vue Pmscir.ii,, Kensington mushrooms" of the Selkirk Mountains By Vaoghan C'lmish, D.Sc.
Square. F G S F C S. F.R OS. With Sketch Map. 2 Plates, and i Illustrations.
pATALOGUK, No. 35. Drawings by Turner, 'Through the Great Canon of the Euphrates River. Ky Ellsworth
V.V Varley, Prout, Hunt, &c. Engravings by and after Turner, Huntington. With Map and Illustrations Report on the Identifica-
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL, Hogarth, Girtin, Constable, &c. Etchings by Millet, Whistler, ttc
ii

tion of the Bay of San Felipe and Santiago, visited by Quiros in i606;
ALBERT EMliANKMENT, LONDON, S.E. Illustrated Books Works by John Ruskin. Post free, Sixpence. Wm. Note on the Identification of La Sagittaria of Quiros. By Rear-.Vdmira?
The VN'ISTER SESSION of 1902-1903 will OPEN on WEDNESDAY, Ward, 2, Church 'Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. Sir W. J. L Wharton, K C.B. F.R S
The National Antarctic Expedi-
tion: 'The Departure of the "Morning." With Illustration and Por-
October I.
traitThe Russian Polar Expedition Summary Report for UK)1. By
St. Thomas's Hospital being one of the Medical Schools of the
University of London, provision is made for the Courses of Study
EDWARD BURNE-JONES. SIX important
SIRCHALK Baron Ed. 'Toll. Iteviews America Central America Oceanography ;
: ;

prescribed for the Preliminary Scientific, Intermediate, and Final DRAWINGS for Glass-Painting, executed for Messrs. 'TheVoyage of the " Gauss." 'The Monthly Record. Correspondence :

Examinations in Medicine. Morris &

Co., FOR S.VLE. Particulars on application to Wm. Ward, Mr. Freshfield's Paper on the Glaciers of Kangchenjunga. By St.
Throe Entrance Scholarships will be offered for competition in 2, Church 'Terrace, Richmond, Surrey. George Gore, Col. R.E., Surveyor-General of India. Geographical
SEPTEMPER, viz One of l.W Guineas and one of 60/. in Chemistry Literature of the Month. New Maps.

w ILLIAMS NORGATE,
,

and Physics, with either Physiology. Botany, or Zoology, for First Edward Stanford. 12, 13, and 14, Long Acre, W.C.
Year's Students One of 50/ in Anatomy. Physiology, Chemistry (any
:
k
Two) for 'I'hlrd Y'ear's Students from the Universities. IMPORTERS of FOREIGN BOOKS, '7''HE ENGLISH CROWN (with Illustrations)
Scholarships and Money Pr-ixes are awarded at the Sessional Exami- 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London JL
j Vfnetian Churches The Archaeological Institute at Southampton
nations, as well as sevei-al Medals. and 7, Broad Street, Oxford.
;
;

AH Hospital .Appointments are open to Students without charge. Modern .Architectural Ideals an American View Window, theCertosa, ;

Chib Rooms and an Athletic Ground are provided for Students.

CATALOGUES on application. Pavia Staircase, Hardwicke Grange; Some Examples of Medireval
;

Crowns, &c -See the BUILDER of August 9 Hd. by post, 4W.i.

'The School Buildings and the Hospital can be seen on application to
;

the Medical Secretiuv.

The fees may be paid in one sum or by instalments. Entries may be
pATALOGUB of FRENCH BOOKS, at greatly 'Through any Newsagent, or direct from the Publisher of the Builder^
Catherine Street, London, W.C.
V ' reduced prices. I. PHILOSOPHY. II. RELIGION. III. HIS-
made separately to Lectures or to Hospital Practice, and special TORY. IV. POETRY, DRAMA, MUSIC. V. MBAUX-AR'TS. VI.
arrangements are made for Students entering from the Universities GEOGRAPHY. VII. MILIT.ARY. VIII. FICTION. IX. GENERAL NOW READY", 7J by 309 pp. 5s. net.

FORCE
5,
and for (Qualified Practitioners.
A Register of approved Lodgings is kept by the Medical Secretary,
who also has a list of local Medical Practitioners, Clergymen, and
LITERATURE.
DULAU & CO. 37, Soho Square, London, W.
ryy H E
or,
of
MEN'TAL FACTOR in MEDICINE.
the
MIND;
others who receive Students into tJieir houses.
By ALFRED T. SCHOFIELD, M.D.
For Prospectus and all particulars apply to Mr. Rexdee, the Mi-dical
Secretary. H. G. TURNEY, M.A. M.D.Oxon., Dean. MESSRS. HENRY YOUNG & SONS
NEW
possess " In this forcibly written treatise Dr. Schofield emphasizes and illus-
one of the LARGEST STOCKS of OLD and BOOKS in trates the part played by the mind in the causation and cure of
GREA'I' HRI'TAIN, and they will be glad to hear from any one in
disease." 7'iwfs.
'rHE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX. search of Books out of print, as they can in many cases supply them
from their large Stock. London J. &A Churchill, 7, Great Marlborough Street.
JL Head Mistress Miss LUCY ROBINSON, M.A. (late Second Mis-
:

tress St. Felix School, Southwold). References: The Principal of CATALOGUES MONTHLY.
Bedford College, London; rhe Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University. 12, South Castle Street, Liverpool.
q^HE NATIVES of SOUTH AFRICA. Their
MADAME AUBERT'S GOVERNESS and SHAKESPEARE. WANTED TO PURCHASE, Economic and Social Condition. Edited by the SOUTH
SCHOOL AGENCY (estab. 1880). 139 and Ul, Regent Street, VI. fine Copies of the First Folio, 1623 Second Folio, 1032; and Third
;
AFRICAN NATIVE RACES COMMITTEE. With Map?.
Resident. I>aily, and \'isiting Governesses, Lady Professors and Folio, 1CG3 or 16{il. Very high price will be paid for any in choice
condition also for Quarto Plays prior to 1650. Aluert Jackson & Son, Demy 8vo, 12s. net.
Teachers, Chaperons, Companions, Lady Housekeepers
R('p(?titrices, ;

(English and Foreign) introduced for British Isles and Abroad. Schools 221, Great Portland Street, London.
and Educational Homes recommended.
1^0 INVALIDS. A LIST of MEDICAL MEN PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS RELATING to
DUCATION.ThoroughlyRBLIABLE ADVICE A in parts RECEIVING RESIDENT PATIEN'TS sent gratis with
all -*-

E can be obtained (free of charge) from Messrs. GABKITAS,

THRING & C(J., who, from their extensive and personal knowledge of
Limited,
Schools also recommended. Medical. &c., Association,
full particulars.
Craven Street. Trafalgar Square. W C.
22,
Address, " 'Triform. London."
'Telegraphic
'Telephone No 1854, Gerrard. No. 20. LORD MILNER
the TRANSVAAL.
to MR. CHAMBERLAIN.
the best Schools for Boys and Girls, and successful Tutors in England
and Abroad, will furnish careful selections if supplied with detailed
requirements. 36, Sackville Street, W. 'I'lUNBRIDGE WELLS. Comfortably FUR- The best colonial sentiment in this matter is not far
JL NISHED SITTING-ROOM and ONE or BEDROOMS. TWO
Quiet, pleasant, and central. Three minntes' walk from S.E.R. & C. removed from the best home sentiment, as represented, for
SECRETARIAL BUREAU, 9, Strand, London, Station.
Wells.
No others taken. R. H., 66, Grove Hill Road, Tunbridge
instance, by temperate and reasonable advocates of native
W.C.-Confidential Secretary, Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat. Sol.
Tripos). Employed by the India Olflce as Indexer, Portuguese and rights, such as the contributors to the collection of valuable
Dutch Translator also by the Royal Society, the Royal Geographical
;

Society, the Royal Asiatic Society, &c., and by the Corporation of TO BE LET, from August 11 to September 29 or and well-informed essays recently published by the " Native
Warrington (lancs). longer, FURNISHED or UNFURNISHED HOUSE in South-
W^est Suburb. Ihree Reception Rooms, Five Bedrooms, Bath (hot and Races Committee."
Town and County Records Indexed. Special System of Newspaper oold), usual Offices, small Garden. Apply R., Athena-um Press,
Indexing. Libraries Catalogued. Congresses reported in English,
French, and German. Technical Translations into and from all Lan- Bream's Buildings, E.C. John Murray, Albemarle Street, W.
guages. Foreign and Technical MSS. carefully Type-written.
A few Pupils trained for Indexing and Secretarial Work in London
and Berlin. (Sales bB ^Vuction, C. BENNETT'S POEMS.
nC^YPE- WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Apparatus and Fittings,
Electrical W.
Telephones and Apparatus
X Womenof Literary experience (Classical Tripos; Cambridge
thorough acquaintance with Modern Languages) (py order of the liight Hon. Postmaster-General).
The GOLDEN LIBRARY. -Square 16mo, cloth, 2j.
Higher Local ;

Research, Revision, Translation References to Authors Terms

(cash): Ordinary English Prose, 1<. 3d. per 1,000 words: scale of
FRIDA Y, August 15, at half-past 12 o'clock. SONGS FOR SAILORS.
charges on application. The C.imbridge Tvra-WEiTiNO Agency 10
Duke Street. Adelphi, W.C. (formerly S. R., 1, Lingard's Road,' MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER at his Rooms, Morning Post " Spirited,
melodious, and Yigoronsly graphic."
Lewisham, S.E.).
38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Daily jVfws
" Very spirited."
(by order of the Postmaster-General), Pall Mall Gazette. 'ReaMy admirable."

AUTHORS' MANUSCRIPTS TYPE-WRITTEN TELEGRAPHIC INS'l'RU.MENTS and APPARATUS. Morning Adrertiser." Bare of a wide popularity."
with accuracy and despatch at I,<, 3t?. per l.OOO words (over 10.000 TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS and APPAR.VTUS, John B;(
" Very successful."
words at Is.). Carbon Copies half price. Reference to Authors. And ELECTRICAL FITTINGS, &c. MetroiiolitaM." Instinct with patriotic flre."
Miss A. Kent, The Reliance Typewriting Office, 563, Mansion House Illustrated London iVeics." Right well done."
Chambers, EC. Also PHO'TOGR.APHIC CAMERAS, and a QUANTITY of
PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS of all kind.s. Kews of the WoiM." There is real poetry in these songs."
Jl/iiTO)-" With admirable felicity he embodies national sentiment*
And a large CAT.ALOGUE of valuable MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY. and emotions which stir the hearts of the people."
q'^YPE-WRITING. Authors' Plays, MSS,. &c., of
-L every description. Carbon and other Copies. MS from Dictation, On view Thursday 2 to 5, and on morning of Sale ;.;,o. "These songs aie literally written for sailors, and they are
quickly and accurately. Miss E. M
Tio\r, 6, Maitland Park Road, Catalogues on application. precisely the kind of songs that sailors most enjoy."
Haverstock Hill. N.W. EsUblished 1884. tfoneoHformist." These songs bear a true literary mark, and give OUB
the genuine ring."
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iwifs Jl/fiYMcy -"There is no one nowadays who can compete with
q^YPE-WRITING. The WEST KENSINGTON TUESDAY, August 19, at half-past 12 o'clock. Dr. Bennett as a popular song-writer. In his volume of sea songs we
A AGENCY'. -Authors' MSS, Translations. &c. Phonograph nsed find the qualities which must secure its success."
Legal and General Copying. Circulars, &c., Duplicated Lessons given.
Usual terms. References. Established 1893. Sikes & Sikes, 13
W^olverton Gardens, Hammersmith Road, W.
M R. J. C.
at his Great
JAPANESE
STEVENS
Rooms, 38,
CHINESE EMBROIDERIES,
and
will SELL
by AUCTION,
King Street, Covent Garden, W.C,
Liverpool Mail
' Dr. Bennett has devoted his lyrical powers to a noble
'

object in this comprehensive yet inexpensive work. This gem deserves

to be patronized not only by our entire Royal Navy, but by all our
Sailors' Homes and all our Mercantile Marine Associations."
CHINA, BRONZE.?, IVORY CARVINGS,
AUTHORS' MSS., PLAYS, SERMONS, &c., And a fine CHINESE BRON/E ELEPHANT, &c.
Sfo(imH "Dr. Bennett's heart is thoroughly in his work All
-lX. type- WRITTEN with accuracy and despatch spirited and vigorous. There is a healthy, manly, fresh-air dash about
8i(. 1,000. Out of make them popular with the for whose use
town August 10 to .30 Miss N. E. Robinso.v, 8, Westover Road, Wands- Also SAVAGE WEAPONS, ROMAN and other LAMPS, them which ought to class
worth Common, London, S.W. POTTERIES, and BRONZES. and pleasure they are designed."
MINIATUIIES, PICTURES, and PRINTS. i;x<!miiirt

"Fullof incident and strongly expressed sentiment, and
having a simple, dashing, musical roll and movement that reminds us
AUTHORS with MS8. that require TYPE- And the Hsnal ASSORTMENT
ANTIQUITIES.
of interesting RELICS and of some songs that are favourable with all sailors, and the
touches of
WRl'l'ING can have them well and promptly TYPED for 9cf. per humour he introduces are precisely of the kind that they will relish.
1,000 words. Museum Researches 9d. an hour.- Miss Siuart, Room 24. On view day prior and morning of .Sale. Catalogues may
1, 'Itafalgar Bnildings, W'C l>e had on application. Chatto & Windus, 111, St. Martin's Lane W.e.
 : ;

N%S902, Aug. 9, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 175

LONDON LIBRARY,
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NOTES ON

CELESTIAL MOTIONS: Bible Authorized Version Bishops' Signatures

:

Coronation Dress of Bodleian Library Buona-
parte (Napoleon) and Bcranger his First Mar-


;

;

A Handy Book of Astronomy. riage ;his Last Years Bourne, West, Meaning

and Origin of the Word Burns (Robert) and John
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
Logan Bull Baiting previous to Sale of Flesh, its

Meaning Byron (Lord) his Ancestry.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S. Carljle (Thomas) on Symbols CasseWs Mafja-
** Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy," Guardian. zine, itsHistory Chaviler&s Journal, its History
Chartists Disappearing Chess Playing Legend

Children, their Affirmations Chocolate, its In-

SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, E.C.
troduction into England Christians' and Jews'
St.

Compulsory Costume Chri.st's Hospital, Removal
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Church, Smallest in England
EIGHTH EDITION, price Sixpence, cloth.
" Ycleping " or Clipping, The Clifford's Inn, His-

tory of Coronation Peerages Sermons Song ; ; ;

REMARKABLE COMETS Medallion.

Defoe (Daniel) Dibdin (Charles)
Dickens
(Charles) Dictionary of National Biography
A Brief Sui-vey of the most interesting Facts in tlie History of Cometary Dutch East India Company Dutch Refugees in
London.
Astronomy.
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By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S. Darling.
Female Fighters Fleetwood (Col. George).
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Inquests in Olden Times.

REMARKABLE ECLIPSES: Kipling (Rudyard).

ZeisKre Hour Jubilee Lord Mayors, Early Por-
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the traits of.

Macaulay and Hannah More.

Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
New South Wales, First British Subject born in
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S. Nicknames, Political, of Chamberlain and Biilow.
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By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
Yard of Ale.

Bibliography.
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Books recently published.
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David to the Present Time. Quotations.

Second Edition. Shakespeariana.

Songs "11(1 Ballads.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.

JOEIN C. FRANCIS.
G. STONEMAN, 40, Warwick Lane, E.C. Oflice of Notes and (Jitcrics, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
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N-'SQO^, Aug. 9,
SATURDAY, AUGUST
CONTENTS.
Progress of India, Japan, am> China
Cextvry
Mr. BiRREl.L ox Hazlitt
The Church OF Ai.i. Saixts, Northampton
The Philosofhy OF Hkn-ry SiPGWiCK
Taixe's Life and Letters
New Novels (A King's Woman; The Conquest of
Charlotte The Vir(jinian Love with Honour
; ;
Oldtield The Passion of Mahael A Wilful
;
Woman; Hookey)
ASSYRIOLOlilCAL BoOKS
BlBLIOGRAPHUAE LITERATURE
Epucational Litkrature
Ecclesiastical History
Books ABOUT Spaix
Our Library Table (On Commando;
Records of New South Wales The
and its The Lake of Palms Submarine
Tr.-ide : ;
Warfare The Night Side of London Captain John
; ;
Brown; Celtic Twilight; London and its Leaders)
LiST OF New Books
A Question of Facts The Grave of Chaucer Thb
; ;
IMPRIMBRIE NaTIONALE; EDMUXD PYLE, D.D.
" Dantesque," ' Dantist," .ic The Points at
Issue between Hkxry II. and Bkckkt; A Sevkx-
teenth - Century Allusion to Shakspkare
Sale 189 -191
Literary Gossip
SciEXCE The American Sportsman's Library;
Practical Histology; Botany; The Nature
Study Exhibition; Anthropological Notes;
Gossip 192 -196
Fine Arts AbcH/Eology Notes from Rome George
; ;
Dalziel The Dutuit Collection Gossip 196 -193
; ;
Music Recent Publications Gossip 199 -200
Drama Gossip
;
LITERATURE
Progress of India, Japan, and China in the
Centurii. By the Eight Hon. Sir Eichard
Temple. " The Nineteenth Century
Series." (W. & R. Chambers.)
To narrate a hundred years' history of the
whole middle and further East to use the
author's own language, to "summarise the
progress of half the human race for a cen-
tury "
in some .500 octavo pages was a well-
nigh impossible task. Even the barest out-
line of events in such a volume would leave
but scant space for such interstitial present-
ment of the main lines of development as
alone could be interesting or profitable to
the political student or the general reader.
The former Governor of Bombay was, there-
fore, well advised in adopting the plan he
pursued in each of the three parts of this
volume. In each an initial chapter deals
with the state of the country forming its
subject-matter at the opening of the century,
while a final one states its condition at the
close
the intervening portion narrating in
some detail the political and social phases
of the history of the century, but dwelling
mainly on the latter. Had sufficient biblio-
graphies been added to each part, and had
a few maps at least, a map of India been
inserted, the utility of the work to politician
and publicist would have
enhancefl. Some detail, too,
been omitted, and room thus afforded for an
extended treatment of the matters dealt with
in the initialand final chapters but we
need say no more, as these things might
have been seen to if the author had lived.
As was to be expected, the portion of the
book dealing with India shows a much
greater grasp and knowledge of the subject
than the parts concerned with Japan and
China. In the first three chapters of Part
we and sometimes striking por-
find a lucid
traituredrawn in large outline by a skilled
; ;
1902 THE ATHEN^UM
9, 190i. hand of the great empire of the middle East,
with a pregnant and sufficient account, brief
yet emphatic, of its formation, shown to have
is thk
been mainly effected through the destruction
177 of the Mahratta power which, overthrowing
178 the Mogul empire of the beginning of the
17S
nineteenth century, had introduced a period
179
of " more misfortune and misrule than had
180
been known for several, perhaps even for
many, centuries." But the present empire is
;
182- -183 not properly characterized as an "absolute
183
despotism " it rather resembles a province
184 of the Roman empire, but the administra-
181
tion is mainly native the expression of
; in Japan it is hard to say.
185
187
opinion is almost, perhaps wholly, free; and
Historical the half million of villages that stud the
; United Kingdom land from Cape Comorin to the Himalaya
range preserve their autonomy, scarcely
changed in essence since the days of Hindu
187- -189
189 rule. Of the story of India one great lesson
seems to be the superior permanence of op-
;
portunist extension as opposed to deliberate
;
conquest of the Napoleonic kind, especially
; when followed by a system of administration
under which the interests of the subject
192
people are at least as much regarded as
those of their conquerors.
The curiously composite nature of the
Indian empire is seen not merely in its
jumble of races and languages, but more
200
especially in the sporadic existence of the
almost independent native states within its
boundaries. There are four hundred and
fifty of these states, of all sizes and degrees,
from princedoms to baronial fiefs they
;
comprise a total area of 600,000 square
miles (several times that of the British Islea),
and they have a population of sixty-six mil-
lions of people
nearly equal to that of the
United States. The revenues of these states
amount to the annual sum of fifteen mil-
lions (Rs. X.), equivalent, in India, to about
the same sum sterling. They are entirely
autonomous, subject only to the suzerainty
of Great Britain, exercised in the last resort
not by Viceroy or Emperor, but by the
British Parliament. Possibly the future of
India depends upon the relations of these
states to each other, to British India, and to
Great Britain.
The account of Japan appears to be based
upon what may be termed text-book autho-
rities, and the chief of these
Dr. Murray's
Japan
'
'
is a mere popular compilation of
insufficient value. The common view of
.Japan and her history
the mirahile visu
view is given accurately enough, but we
have neither a real photograph nor a true
picture. The spirit of old Japanese history
is misconceived. The di'vinity of the Mikado
is not autochthonous it is, pace Motoori
; on the other an equal, but less excusable
and the Shinto revivalists of the eighteenth
century, a Chinese importation. There is
no trace of it in the old literature, not even
been much in theTaketori romance of the tenth century.
might have The original position of the Mikado, indeed,
among the chiefs of the various Korean
immigrations was very much that of the
; Shogun in later times among the territorial
chiefs who were heirs of the leaders among
the outer circle of expanding conquerors
and settlers. The very name of the Mikado
Tenshi, the Son of Heaven is a proof of
tho Chinese origin of his cult.
The author seems to think that the pro-
I. scription of Christianity ended with the
eighteenth century. In fact, tlie proscrip-
tion
and persecution of Christians existed
1 i t
as late as the early seventies of the last
century. Nor is the hatred of foreigners
by any means extinct traditions centuries
old do not easily die
but it is discouraged,
save so far as politically useful, by the
Government, and active mainly among the
masses of the bureaucracy who inherit
the power and prejudices of the mmurai of
Bakufu days. It must be added that the
higher politicians and the really educated
men of the country are frankly European
on all save social questions.
What may be the future of Christianity
The most hope-
ful thing about it is that
otherwise than in
China a certain number of its adherents
belong to tho upper classes, and that most,
if not all, of these Japanese Christians are
Protestants. But a higher Buddhism,
together with a somewhat spiritualized
Shintoism, still flourishes, and Confucianism
elaborates itself religiously in the direction
of a sort of Spencerized Spinozism. On these
very important phases of modern Japanese
life nothing is said in the volume before
us, which is equally silent upon the great
development of letters, and especially of
poetry, that has taken place within the last
two decades. Nor is any mention made of
the two main dangers of modern Japan.
These are a continental war with Russia,
and a weakening of the sentiment for the
Mikadoate which, to use a Japano- English
expression, is the "political glue" that
consolidates the bitterly hostile party fac-
tions that distract the country whose
enmity is in the inverse ratio of their
differences, and in the direct ratio
political
of their desire for place and power.
Before leaving this part of the subject
we must protest against the statement that
the murder of Mr. Richardson in 1862 was
due to his "imprudence." There is abso-
lutely no justification whatever for the
statement, as a perusal of the official
correspondence and the evidence of old
residents in Japan well acquainted with
all the parties sufficiently prove. Nor can
we accept the too pessimistic views of the
author on China, especially his account of
the origin, cause, and results of the Chino-
Japanese war, the teterrima causa of all her
subsequent misfortunes. The Chinese polity
fails, if not only, at least mainly, in relation
to problems China has had neither the educa-
tion nor the experience to enable her to solve.
It is hard to read with equanimity the ac-
counts of European dealings with China. On
the one side there has been the shiftiness
born of ignorance, perplexity, and dread
ignorance combined with religious arro-
gance, commercial impatience, and political
injustice. It is not too much to say that tho
whole missionary system is more or less
tainted with misplaced pride, and it is not
impossible that, were it reformed in tho
direction of modesty as well as of oflicioncy
towards its true end, tho relations of Europe
with China would bo greatly improved tho
commercial relations in particular, for the
Cliineso are born traders.
the Chinese
Tho short biographies given of
are the
emperors of the nineteenth century
most interesting features of this portion of
tlie book, but it is difficult to say how fur
they are authentic. The Son of Heaven can
only know of earth what his ministers tell

178
him, and can only execute a policy through
them and by their consent. It is,
in reality a
more than doubtful whether
Chinese emperor can either frame or carry
out a policy of his own. At most he can but
head or influence a faction or section of his
own ministers. After all, the principal defect
of Chinese administration is its insufficiency
it is far from inefficient so far as it goes, but
the empire has outgrown a system that a
couple of thousand years ago was adequate
for one of the limited early states such as
Confucius knew.
Of the great Governors- General of India,
such as Wellesley, Hastings (the Marquis),
and Dalhousie, the main work is stated and
amply appreciated. It is not easy to under-
stand why a bare mention should have
been judged sufficient of such men as Alcock
and Parkes the pioneers of modern British
enterprise and influence in the Far
Sir Harry Parkes was British Minister in
Japan for eighteen years.
William Hazlitt. By Augustine
(Macmillan & Co.)
We shouldlike Mr. Birrell's book the
better if did not form part of the well-
it
known "Men of Letters" series. In the
first place, it is not composed in a style
sufficiently considered and judicial for a
book meant to take its place as the final
verdict of English letters upon Hazlitt.
There is an air of journalism about it.
The book is not well arranged, the com-
ment is scrappy, and the writing is of that
allusive sort which, while it may amuse at a
first reading, fails to retain interest. Some-
times allusions have proved irresistible
which are entirely foreign to the matter in
hand. What, for instance, is the bearing
upon Hazlitt' s opinion of Ben Jonson of the
last clause in the following sentence? "
Jonson he could not but greatly admire
but he had made no study of his plays,
which have been called works." But with
Mr. Birrell the style is the man, and we
take what he gives us, though now that
that style is not so new, we feel an in-
creasing desire for more of the equipment
which a critic should have. A more serious
fault in the book is that it evades the dif-
ficult task of estimating Hazlitt's position
and faculty as a literary critic.
devoted to this subject tell us that he liked
poetry, that he was above the miserable
affectation of pretending to care only for
poetry, and that he expressed his pre-
ferences and dislikes with perfect frankness.
Such characterization hardly suffices to dis-
tinguish Hazlitt from other critics of his
own day or ours, and the incidental criti-
cisms do not carry us much further. That
this reticence does not proceed from want of
knowledge is shown by a remark on p. 137:
" We know what his point of view was, and
can flatter ourselves upon our ability, real
or supposed, to outline his judgments upon
the books, pictures, and plays of to-day."
We wish Mr. Biirell had vouchsafed to
explain Hazlitt's "point of view."
could wish also that he had given some clear
and connected account of Hazlitt's relations
with his famous contemporaries. Hazlitt's
various essays are crammed with references,
for example, to Wordsworth, and it would
have been well worth while to collect and
; ;
THE ATHEN^UM
examine them. All that Mr. Birrell sup-
therefore, plies is a sentence of praise from the lecture
on Poets
Living and a remark that
' '
Hazlitt was not in sympathy with the new
school of poetry. The bare statement of
such an inconsistency is much too cavalier a
way of dismissing the problem. There is
also material of value to be seen in Keats's
letters. Then, again, the remarks upon
Hazlitt's acquaintance with the earlier
English poets are too haphazard. " Donne's
poems," says Mr. Birrell, "he evidently
Well, in the lecture on
did not know."
Dry den and Pope Hazlitt acknowledges
that he knew nothing of Donne " but
some beautiful verses to his wife"; but in
the Table Talk,' writing " on the pleasure
'
of painting," he quotes, or misquotes, the
famous line from The Second Anniversary,'
* more than politicians, more than authors, more
That you might almost say hia picture thought.
East.
On the same page Mr. Birrell tells us that
Hazlitt frankly admitted he had never read
Marvell's Ode upon Cromwell.' Mr. Birrell
*
may have some passage in
Birrell.
which has escaped ours, but if he
to the reference in '
The English Poets
contains no such frank admission. Mr. Birrell
can only mean that Hazlitt does not
enumerate the Ode among the pieces he
'
'
cites for praise, which are "his boat song,
his description of a faun, and his lines to
Lady Vere." But we find him quoting in
other places from other poems. In the
letter to Miss Stoddart which Mr. Birrell
gives on p. 85 we have a quotation from
'
The Gallery,' elsewhere he quotes about
half the lines To his Coy Mistress.' These
'
are small points, but they serve to illustrate
our remark that not enough care has been
spent on the critical side of the book, and so
far it is disappointing.
Nevertheless, like all that Mr. Birrell
Ben writes, the book has great merits. Not its
least merit as an introduction to Hazlitt is
the large part played by the comparatively
humble literary instruments of scissors and
paste. The remark may sound disrespectful,
but we mean no disrespect. Literary scissors
require to be guided by a discreet finger
and thumb, and Mr. Birrell has a fine taste
in quotation. The selected passages, which
fill more than a third of the volume, should
give beginners in Hazlitt a good idea of his
The pages quality. Another strong point of the book
is its sympathetic handling of Hazlitt the
man. His faults and weaknesses are not
condoned, but they are looked at in the per-
spective of his whole character, circum-
stances, and upbringing. Mr. Birrell says
of Hazlitt that he is never priggish, and
that "he is always full of human nature
and the love of things." The praise holds
of Hazlitt's biographer, and while it
ensures that Hazlitt shall receive kindly
treatment, it does not imply, as it did not
imply in Hazlitt's own case, that the plain
truth should not be spoken. Thus Mr.
Birrell does not conceal that, philosopher
though he was, perhaps because he was a
philosopher, Hazlitt was "gey ill to live
We wi'" " He was not at any time a man of
: as facts. Everything pertaining to this once
many friendships. His manners were not
good, his temper had become uncertain, and
despite his sentiment he had not a warm
heart." Mr. Birrell quotes an amazing
letter to Leigh Hunt in which occurs the
characteristic sentence " You provoke me
: that
N 3902, Aug. 9, 1902
to think hard things of you, and then you
wonder that I hitch them into an essay, as
if that made amj difference." There certainly
speaks the philosopher. On the relation of
philosophy to anger Mr. Birrell has an
interesting paragraph concerning the quarrel
with Gifford, which may be quoted as a
specimen of his lighter vein :
" Hazlitt was never more philosophical than
when in a passion. He always gets a good
thought-basis for his hatreds and he proceeded
;
in this case to build up a William Gifford, whom
he afterwards criticizes, with that intimate
acquaintance with the weak points of a structure
only the builder possesses. This gives freshness
to what would otherwise be the dullest of dull
things the abuse of a dead editor by a dead
author. Hazlitt again, like Burke, excelled in
a quarrel, and for the same reason both were :
than critics they were, or once had been,
philosophers. Did any one quarrel, or difler
with, or abuse either Burke or Hazlitt, straight-
way that person became in the eyes of both
those eminent men the personification of every
evil influence of the age, the abstract and brief
his memory chronicle of infamy."
is referring All the biographical side of the study is
'
it well done, and the book therefore, while it
will disappoint the man of letters, should
be popular with the general reader. On
p. 66 a foot-note is given to W. C. H. which
belongs to W. H.
A History of the of All Saints,
Chtirch
Northampton. By
Pev. E. M. Serjeant-
son. (Northampton, Mark.)
This is a good book, and will not suffer by
comparison if placed on the shelf which
contains the best monographs on important
English churches. The church of All Saints
is, and always has been, the principal church
of Northampton, a town which was for
several centuries pre-eminent among the
boroughs of England. Many are the his-
torical incidents connected with its walls.
In the hands of the bookmaker these would
have proved but eo many opportunities for
the display of general knowledge of oft-told
tales; but in Mr. Serjeantson's hands such
matters are not unduly magnified, and are
clearly marshalled so as to bring out their
local significance or origin.
The stories of the English barons swear-
ing fealty to Matilda within these walls
of St. Hugh of Lincoln quelling a serious
riot of the Northampton burghers around
the tomb of a would-be saint of a host of ;
magnates with their hands on the altar
swearing to set forth on the seventh Crusade
of the exceptional developments of the
religious gilds of the town until their chap-
lains were associated to form a collegiate
chui-ch and of the fanatical evanescence of
;
LoUardism in the fourteenth century and
Puritanism in the sixteenth are all told con-
cisely, but with much graphic force.
Nor is Mr. Serjeantson content with
reproducing statements from substantial
printed histories, or with the mere repeating
of assertions which, by the very frequency
of their reiteration, have come to be accepted
most important church has been carefully
tested, with the result that several necessary
corrections have been made. Bridges, the
county historian followed, of course, by
all subsequent handbook wi iters asserted
Henry III. made to this church,

N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
in the year 1216, the unusual gift of a
library but a reference to the brief phrasing
;
of the Pipe EoU shows that the sum named
was utterly insufficient for such a purpose,
and that it merely refers to the purchase of
some service books. Again, it has always
hitherto been stated that an important par-
liament of Eichard II., held in November,
1380, met in the church of All Saints,
Northampton, and that several other parlia-
ments of that century were held in the same
unlikely place. Mr. Serjeantson, however,
is able to show that it was the clergy of the
province of Canterbury who met in Convo-
cation within the walls of All Saints' on that
and other occasions. The real meeting-
place of the parliament of November, 1380,
was the newly built dorter or dormitory of
the great Cluniac house of St. Andrew,
which was then unfitted with cubicles.
One of the most prominent supporters of
the Lollards of the end of the fourteenth
century among the trading classes of the
community was John Fox, who was mayor
of Northampton in 1392 and on three sub-
sequent occasions. During his first mayoralty
complaint was made to the king and Council,
which throws some light on the then dis-
tracted religious condition of Northampton.
Fox was accused of being a Lollard of
keeping in house a Lollard chaplain
his
who had been convicted of heresy by the
Archdeacon of Northamptonshire of having ; not only for the mayor and aldermen, for
made an apostate Carmelite friar parish
chaplain of St. Gregory's and of having;
drawn unto him one William Northwold, an
instructor of the Lollards, who lodged at
the house of St. Andrew's, " where he
hath caused such debate between y^ Prior
and Menkes y" y"^ house is well-nigh un-
done." He was charged with bringing
" the Parson of Wynkpole, a Lollard, to preach
in All S'' Church raaugre y' Bi', who assended
}' Pulpit when y" Viccar of y" Church, after
Offertory, went to y Altar to sing his Mass
whom y*^ s'' Mair followed and took by y" back
of his vestment to cause him to cease till y'' &'
Preacher had preached, and y
Vicar answered
non possum. The s' Parson preached there his
Lollardy in y- afternoon too, to whom Rich''
Stormesworth cryed, Tu antem, Tu antem, to
cause him to hold his peace commanding him
;
to come down, upon w''' an uproar ensued, and
jt y^ s'l Rich' was in
danger of his life That
y Maior sent to Oxford to hire Preachers to
preach during ytime of Lent at y
Cross in y''
Church Yard in y Market-place of North', and
that y' Commissaries of y" B^ of Lincoln dare
not sit upon Lollardy in North' for fear of >''
Maior."
It is not altogether surprising to find that
a town which was at one time so permeated
with Lollardism should have been the most
prominent in all England in its support of
the Puritanism of Elizabeth's reign it was ; In 1675 there was a dreadful
at All Saints' that the system of " prophesy-
ing3"hadits origin. The rules for their
regulation, and other like documents, are
now printed for the first time verbatim by
Mr. Serjeantson. In this respect he has
made a really valuable contribution to the
true history and understanding of the re-
ligious life of Elizabethan days, altogether
apart from any mere local interest. The
mayor and aldermen of Northampton estab-
lished in 1-371 strange to say, with the
consent of the Bishop of Peterborough
stringent discipline for the town, and an
order of services for All Saints' and the other
a ;
THE ATHEN^UM
town churches which was at utter variance
with the teaching of the Book of Common
Prayer. Injunction six prescribes : and greaves of the ancient Roman fashion,
" That youth at thende of eveninge prayer
every sondaie and holydaye before all the elder
people are examyned in a porcon of Calvyns
Catechisme which by the reader is expounded
unto them and holdeth an hower."
Seldom, it is to be hoped, was blatant
snobbery in the house of God manifested
after so exuberant a fashion in the matter
of sittings as was the case at All Saints' in
the seventeenth century. The earliest vestry
book states, under the year 1 620, that it was the
ancient custom for every new-married couple
to pay I2d. to the churchwardens for the
placing of the wife (the sexes were always
strictly separate), but if the same parties
grew to better estate, or came to hold any
office in the town, they were to be moved up
to higher seats. At the allotment of seats
after the fire, in 1680, the vestry decided that
the upper broad seat on the north side of the
middle aisle be appointed for the best sort
of gentlemen of the town to sit in, and the
two small seats behind the broad seat " to
the middle sort of Gentlemen to such
sitt in,
as Mr. Robert Ward, Mr. William Smyth,
and gentlemen of that Quality." In like
; manner seats on the south side were appro-
priated for the best sort and the middle sort
of gentlewomen. Provision was duly made
the bailiffs and ex-bailiffs, and for the forty-
eight burgesses, and for their wives in
corresponding places on opposite sides of
the church, but also for groups of their
respective sons and daughters at the
entrance to their parents' pews. In 1702
the vestry made an order "that Locks be
putt on the seat dores of the Bayliffs wives
and the 48 Seates to keepe out young
mayds."
y
After the Reformation up to which date
;
the church had been in the gift of the prior
of St. Andrew's
the advowson of All Saints'
fell into the hands of the Corporation of
Northampton, a somewhat corrupt oligarchy.
When the commissioners of Archbishop
Laud visited the church in 1637 they found
it in a scandalous condition, the pavement
being
" a great deale fitter for the gripp of a cow-
house than the hou.se of God the crosse
w'^^'' was upon the east end of the chancell is
broken downe, and instead theereof the Townes
Armes are sett up as if it were the towne's
church and not Christ's."
In 1683 the corporation actually sold
two silver chalices and two patens towards
paying ofi the arrears of the curate's stipend.
At a later date they frequently made traffic
of the next presentation.
fire
Northampton, worse in proportion to
comparative size than the great fire of
London. The church of All Saints, witli
about two-thirds of the town, was ruined
in a few hours. Parts of the old central
tower, now the west tower, are all that
remains of the ancient fabric. The much
smaller church that was opened in 1680
stands on the site of the former quire or
chancel, and has a certain dignity of its kind.
Its best feature is the great west portico,
completed in 1701, which is a fine piece of
work, extending the whole width of the
church, supported by twelve pillars. It was,
179
unfortunately, disfigured in 1711 by a poor
and absurd statue of Charles II., clad in" toga
and a long flowing wig characteristic of the
seventeenth century." Time has, however,
somewhat improved the image, for it was
originally " cuUered and gilded," for which
operation the corporation paid 3/. 14.
A tasteless "restoration" of 186r)-0 did
away with an interesting chancel screen,
which was broken up and the parts used to
adorn three entrances. Another enormity
of the same date was the turning out of
Chantrey's good memorial statue of Spencer
Perceval, the distinguished representative
of Northampton, shot when Prime Minister
in the lobby of the House of Commons on
May 11th, 1812. After several migrations
this fine ejected statue has found shelter in
the little frequented council room of the new
Town Hall, where it stands in the worst
possible light. Mr. Serjeantson's hope that
it may be replaced in the church for which
it was designed will be re-echoed by every
one of taste and discrimination.
The illustrations are good, particularly
the spirited heraldic drawings by Mr. Thomas
Shepard but we are surprised that Chantrey's
;
sculpture of the assassinated Premier does
not form one of the plates. The author
would have done well to secure a musical
expert to describe the somewhat remarkable
organ, which was unhappily moved from
the west gallery in 1883. Surely "nine
additional pipes added to the organ at a
cost of 130/.," in 1818, should resid stops.
Philosophij, its Scope and Relations. By
Henry Sidgwick. (Macmillan & Co.)
All who interest themselves in philosophy
have been anxious that whatever writings
the late Henry Sidgwick left in such a form
as to admit of publication should be given
to the world. They will welcome the first
volume (to be followed, we may hope, by
others), which has now been brought out
under the careful editorship of Prof. James
Ward.
The book includes a series of letters,
some of which, having been printed for
private circulation, were already familiar to
friends and pupils of Sidgwick, while the
rest of it has been printed with slight
necessary modifications from notes used by
Sidgwick in lecturing to his classes at Cam-
bridge. The main object of the work is to
define the nature of philosophy as a branch
of knowledge, and to distinguish it from
other forms of knowledge and disciplines of
thought more or less closely related to it
to speak broadly, philosophy is first dis-
tinguished from the physical sciences,
at psychology, and from its own species, such
its as logic and metaphysics in the second
;
main division the claim of certain doctrines,
such as those of evolution, and of the Positive
philosophy to rank as ultimate solutions of
the riddle of the universe is rejected in ;
a final and very important chapter there is
discussed the relation of knowledge of
" what is " to knowledge of " what ought
to be," of theoretical to practical philosophy,
which for Sidgwick was undoubtedly the
fundamental problem of speculative thought.
Here, as in his other works, the essen-
tially cautious and critical temper of the
writer's mind is apparent ; adopting a
 ; .

180 THE ATHENiEUM N3902, Aug. 9, 1902

form of exposition familiar to readers School. Sidgwick was at heart an idealist, Such a passage as that last noticed,
of his Methods of Ethics,' he chooses, vibrating with fine enthusiasm for the good,
' together with others in the book, shows the
instead of ostensibly maintaining and the true, the immortal. On the other hand, strong latent bias towards idealism in Sidg-
developing a positive thesis, to follow a he could never forget the strength of the wick's mind. No doubt, if pressed, he
dialectical method in which negation is more "common-sense" view. He could ridicule would have refused to leave the safe
prominent than affirmation. Yet such a with subtle irony the shortcomings of the ground of experienced fact. Yet equally
method must necessarily presuppose and be great German idealists : it is clear that those modes of thought
determined by the thinker's particular views "The German of fable who sat down to which lead to idealism were attractive to
That Sidgwick had profound convictions, evolve a camel out of his inner consciousness his mind. It may be that a spirit of com-
however guarded he might be in formulat- was certainly not a Teuton up to date we can- ; promise, however valuable and deserving
ing them, is well known it could not have not place him later than the first half of the
;
of respect the scrupulous impartiality
century. Of course I need hardly say that which dictates it, has drawbacks in philo-
been otherwise with so deep and earnest a
even this old-time German never evolved out of
thinker. It was impossible to converse with his inner consciousness anything so insignificant
sophical speculation as in practical affairs.
him on matters of speculation without realiz- as a camel but he might have been capable Sidgwick at least avoided the disasters
;

ing how intensely his mind was occupied of evolving the principles of chemistry or the which threaten those philosophers who
with the ideas of God, freedom, immor- proper constitution of the Modern State." daringly pledge themselves to a hypothesis,
tality. So much is plain from this work in And no doubt it is the " common sense "
;
and devote their thought and exposition to
one passage he vehemently rejects the view bias which is more clearly prominent in developing its internal completeness and
that the course of the human mind is from his writings for instance, in the Methods
;
' defending it from external attacks. Such
one imperfect form of knowledge to another of Ethics,' though the concluding chapter an attitude, always alien to Sidgwick's
equally imperfect, and not rather a progress seems to point in a contrary direction. In spirit, is, no doubt, especially incompatible
from truth to fuller truth, however short it these lectures Sidgwick enunciates his with his professed object in these lectures,
may fall of the fullest. In another place adhesion to Natural Dualism, mainly be- that of defining leading ideas in such a way
(p. 229) he says : cause a belief in non-spiritual matter can as to meet the acceptance of diverse schools
" We find never be eliminated from the judgments of
ourselves irresistibly led to assume and pave the way to a consensus of experts.
as real a completer knowledge comprehending common sense on similar grounds he main-
;
Yet the critical method is apt to perplex the
and going indefinitely beyond the imperfect and tains the ultimate reality of time and reader and perhaps, also, it occasionally
;

fragmentary knowledge possessed by human space. Here again, as in the Methods,' ' hampered Sidgwick and made him content
minds and this inference is not
; the intro- he refuses to deny the freedom of the will, with provisional answers which do not go to
duction of a hypothesis prima facie alien to the the root of the matter.
on the ground that the human agent, in act-
matter that we are studying."
ing, has an inalienable conviction that he is Two important divisions of the book have
And a little further on he repeats in a free to choose. It is almost unnecessary to been already lightly touched upon they are :

manner the same hope, while recognizing notice that most of Sidgwick's polemi- the group of lectures which discuss the relation
how far short our actual achievements fall, cal writings have been directed against of philosophy to history and the group deal-
especially in philosophy :
idealists. It is in connexion with the ing with the relation of philosophy to socio-
*'I conceive the one important lesson that relation of "what is" to "what ought logy. In the former group he is concerned
philosophy and theology have to learn from the to be " that the idealistic aspect of to urge that such a doctrine as evolution,
progress of science is the vague lesson of patience his thought appears most clearly. In the however valuable for biological science,
and hope. Science sets before us an ideal of second lecture he insists that philosophy cannot give a solution of fundamental
consensus of experts and continuity of develop- questions, such as the origin of things or
must include among its branches ethics and
ment which we may hope to attain in our larger immortality. Sidgwick repeats in clear and
politics, which seek to determine not what
and more diflicult work."
is, but what ought to be. Again he defines cogent form what he argued a generation
It is, indeed, the want of a consensus metaphysics as occupied with questions ago, when evolution was regarded either as
among experts which Sidgwick deplores at which are incapable of empirical verifica- the highest truth or as a damning delusion,
the outset of these lectures, and which he tion. Such a definition deals rather with and when a calm and lucid appreciation was
hopes may be secured or at least aided by the surface than the heart of the matter, more valuable even than now. In the
the work of definition, by the agreement on but it clearly implies the recognition of a second group his main thesis is the import-
the use of the more important terms he priori speculation having an ideal criterion
; ance of the doctrine of ends without the :

thinks that something would be gained if at and transcending common-sense judgments. teleological concepts of ultimate truth and
least a common understanding were attained Finally, in his last and very important lec- ultimate good, thought and effort would be
as to the questions proposed by philosophers, ture he discusses what he calls the rela- meaningless and these concepts cannot be
;

even if the answers given clash and conflict. tion of theoretical to practical philosophy. derived merely by tracing the actual develop-
How far such a result is attained by this He is impressed with the fundamental ment of ideas in time or of social progress.
book it is perhaps hard to say. Philosophy antagonism of the real and the ideal, and Here again he repeats a warning which is
seems from its intrinsic nature to admit of with characteristic honesty he is unwilling even now not to be neglected.
wide differences of standpoint. This may not to surrender one aspect in favour of the
be the case so far as the working out of cer- other. It is clear that in his mind the
tain more particular concepts is concerned antagonism and the desire to overcome it [. Taine, sa Vie et sa Correspondaiice.
but as regards the ultimate problems formed the essential motive of speculation. Tome I. (Hachette & Cie.)
with which speculation must deal radical In the concluding paragraph of the volumes devoted to
book This is the first of three
differences of temperament cannot fail to a paragraph too long to be quoted here at Taine' 8 life and letters. It is most carefully
operate. The idealist and the realist, the length
pessimist and the optimist, the thinker urged language,

he seems, though in guarded edited. Wherever an explanatory note is
almost to give up the claim required one is to be found at the bottom
by infinite aspirations and the thinker of common sense to rank as a criterion All the necessary facts con-
of of the page.
impressed by the urgency of actual finite ultimate truth,
and to accept as the test of cerning his family and youthful years,
experience, are inevitably impelled along truth
not correspondence between thought including the dates of the birth and death
diverse courses and to diverse conclusions.
and fact, but correspondence between of his friends and acquaintances, are sup-
For, as Sidgwick points out, the answer thought
and thought. " From the philo- plied, several of them being now made
cannot be tested as in science by recourse sophical
point of view," he says, "the sup- public for the first time. There is fulness
to observation and experiment. It may be posed correspondence between Thought and of statement without excess of detail. The
that it is not untrue to say that in Sidgwick what is not Thought is no longer so simple name of the editor is withheld, but we shall
himself the two main conflicting motives of and
intelligible as it seems to Common not err, we think, in surmising that it is his
thought met, and that a balance was never Sense." And
he speaks of the " world of widow. If so, she has executed her work as
finally struck. Perhaps the early tincture Duty" and the "world of Fact" as being a labour of love. No one could have done
of idealism which he imbibed from Plato
both alike objects of thought. It seems it better.
and Aristotle was too compatible with his that a rigorous working out of such sugges- Duringhis lifetime Taine, like Tenny-
real temperament ever to be neutralized by
tions would have led Sidgwick very near to son, shrank from publicity with genuine
the influence of the English Empirical idealism. feeling, but almost morbid dread. He held

N 3902, Aug.
that his private life did not concern the
public, and that those who wished to know
the cast of his mind and the bent of his
character could do so by studying his books.
Therefore it was that, when bequeathing
his papers to his wife, he strictly enjoined
that none should be published in which
there were details of purely domestic and
personal interest.
The main facts of Taine's early life were
given, with his consent and approval, in a
biographical introduction to the translation
of his Notes on England
' but others now
appear in this volume for the first time.
His ancestry can be traced back to the year
1675, when Joseph Taine filled an office not
dissimilar to that of High Sheriff in Rethel,
a town in the Ardennes. His great-grand-
father, Peter Taine, who was a manufacturer,
was dubbed philosopherby his fellow-citizens,
owing to his speculative views. His maternal
grandfather, M. Bezanson, had a scientific
turn. Taine's two aunts, on the father's
side, were maiden ladies who lived quietly
in retirement, and occupied themselves with
philosophical speculations. When Taine
himself was professor at Nevers he wrote
"My aunt Eugenie has sent
taining advice as to the which I should
study metaphysics, and a formal argument in
support of the system of philosophy which she
suggested to me."
His father was an advocate and notary
at Vouziers, where Taine was born on
April 21st, 1828, and died when his son
was in his thirteenth year. His father
had a passionate love for the country and
for natural scenery, and he had a talent for
composing songs, which were remembered
in the neighbourhood of Vouziers for half a
century after his death.
Madame Taine devoted herself during
the whole of her widowhood, which lasted
forty years, to the training and advance-
ment of her son and two daughters. She
received from them, in return, a full measure
of affection and gratitude.
made a will in 1879, a few
his mother's death,
ing passage in it :
"Should my mother survive, my wife and
children must bear in mind that she was my
sole friend during forty years, that she had the
first place in my heart in concert with them,
and that her entire life was one of devotion and
tenderness let them endeavour to compensate
;
her for losing me and bring her to live here
[Boringe in Savoy] whatever I have done or
; a dialogue between tiresome pedants.
they may do will never suffice to repay my
debt to her no woman was ever so thoroughly
; expressed is, perhaps, the greatest pleasure
and perfectly a mother."
Two maternal uncles helped
of Taine's
his mother him. The elder was
to train
a notary, the younger a civil engineer
who had lived several years in the United
States, and who taught English to his young
nephew. The younger uncle had a collec-
tion of English books which his nephew
read with delight many of them were the ;
books in which English boys take pleasure,
such as The Pilgrim's Progress,' liobinson
' '
Crusoe,' and '
Gulliver's Travels.'
Taine wrote his History of English Litera-
'
ture he displayed a minute and accurate
'
acquaintance with the older English writers
which surprised his critics. The reason was
that he had carefully read in boyhood the
English books in his uncle's library, and
that the impression then made on his mind
9, 1902 THE A THEN
had not been effaced. Washington Irving's
works gave him extreme pleasure, and he
translated most of them into French for his
own satisfaction. He felt himself so much
indebted to his uncle Alexander that he
dedicated his Notes sur I'Angleterre
'
to
him, and he did this in the following terms
" Dedicated to Mr. A. Bezanson by his
grateful pupil and friend." It is curious
and uncommon to see a dedication in Eng-
lish prefixed to a book in French, and still
more so for one Frenchman to use English
' ; when expressing his gratitude to another.
But one of the few mistakes in editing this
volume is not to have given on p. 217 a
letter in English which Taine wrote to his
sister Virginie. The original ought to have
been printed, and a translation might have
been appended for the benefit of those who
know French only. In 1841 Taine was sent
to a school in Paris to complete his educa-
tion, and soon afterwards his mother, his
grandfather, and his two sisters took up
their abode there. The whole family was a
studious one. Taine helped his sisters to gain
a knowledge of literature his younger sister
;
:
shared his passion for music, and they dis-
me a letter con- puted with each other who should take
way in possession of the piano during the intervals
between lessons, while his elder sister had a
turn for painting, and Taine accompanied
her when she visited the collection of pic-
tures at the Louvre. Ten years later, when
Taine was a professor at Nevers, he ended
a letter to his mother with the following
" few words " to his sisters : ing a treatise on
" Do not concern yourselves about your unac-
quaintance with all kinds of technical details and
with some technicalities in geography, physics,
&c. which are repeated by the accomplished
,
parrots in boarding-schools. Merely learn the
orthography, the arithmetic, the essential part
of geography. Depend for the rest upon your
reading, conversation, and reflection. The end
of education is to open the mind, to acquire
ideas, and to accustom oneself to search for
When Taine them. Studies are but the means. woman
has not to pass an examination before coming
months before
out she is not questioned at a party about a
;
he inserted the follow- date or a chemical solution. Provided that she
has ideas about things in general, that she can
follow a conversation on any subject, that her
judgment is sufficiently free and wide to hold
her own on questions of morality, of conduct
and religion which are discussed in her presence,
she knows quite enough, and the wisest man
can enjoy conversing with her. A conversation
which is an exchange of dates and facts is merely
A con-
versation which is an exchange of ideas pointedly
which can be enjoyed, and from the time we
begin to think, we can have it without
much instruction. The only examination a
woman must pass concerns dress, deportment,
dancing, and music, and I see that you will
succeed in it satisfactorily."
From boyhood Taine was
When he arrived at Paris he prepared a
course of study, to which he rigorously
adhered. He excelled his schoolfellows in
any examination he carried off all the
;
When prizes he was rightly regarded by his com-
;
rades and teachers as a prodigy of learning.
succossin public examination he obtained
By
admission to the Normal School, which is a
training institution for those who aspire to
become professors and to receive a salary
from the State. We
learn from this volume
that his own desire was to
.^. UM 181
increase his stock of learning. His mother
wished him to follow in the footsteps of his
father and uncles, and become a notary.
When the choice of a profession was dis-
cussed at a family council, in which he had
' no voice, the general opinion was in favour
: of his mother's selection. Just as Gibbon
"sighed as a lover, but obeyed as a son,"
when his father forbade his marriage
with the lady of his heart, so Taine would
have accepted the decision of his relatives.
But his uncles and other relatives deemed it
imprudent to risk his mother's small fortune
in the purchase of a notary's practice, and
thus Taine drifted from the Normal School
into the ranks of the professors appointed
and paid by the State, and thence into the
literary profession, in which he gained the
first rank. Had he been more ordinary
he would have had the highest place as a
professor at his command. His fault was
to be unusually original, to think for himself,
to disregard the teaching which had the
official stamp. He suffered much vexation
on this account but he never lost heart, and
;
made for himself, outside the beaten track,
an illustrious name.
Theuseful and carefully compiled bio-
graphical notes which enable the reader to
understand allusions in the letters sometimes
correct mistakes which are current about
Taine. One of these is that, like other
young men, he was excited and influenced
by the Revolution in February, 1848. At
that time he was wholly intent upon finish-
'
Human Destiny,' which
in
he set forth the evolution which his own
mind had undergone. From his earliest
to his latest years he was never much
interested in politics. A close parallel
could be drawn between Taine and Sir
Thomas Browne. Both lived in a world
of their own, a world which the madding
crowd could neither enter nor understand.
When barricades were erected and fighting
went on in the streets of Paris, the problem
A of Human Destiny had the first place in
' '
Taine's thoughts; when Civil War broke
out in England, Sir Thomas Browne gave
to the public his Religio Medici,' and when
'
it was at its height he was preparing his
'
Pseudodoxia Epidemica' and speculating on
'The Garden of Cyrus.' Yet, though in-
different to politics and ready to accept the
existing form of government, Taine would
not give his sanction to usurpation or
tyranny, and when Louis Napoleon had
made himself master of the French, and all
official personages thought it their duty to
congratulate him, Taine was the only pro-
fessor at Nevers who refused to sign the
collective address which was forwarded to
the Minister of Public Instruction.
Readers of the letters now published
who are well acquainted with Taine's
precocious. writings will be delighted to know him still
more intimately, and to find him, as a man,
as deserving of admiration and respect as he
unquestionably is as an author. They will
learn that the ambition of his life was not
to write brilliant articles or incomparable
histories, but to produce purely philosophical
works. One of his keenest disappointments
was to leave the world before giving to it
his long meditated treatise on Tlio Will.'
'
Many passages in these letters bear
witness to the intensity of Taine's passion
work hard and for nature. Here ia one among many, which

182
occurs in a letter to Prevost-Paradol, written
in 1819:
"Putting particular objects aside, love my
turns to general or ideal things, such as works
of art, humanity as a whole, and nature above all.
I felt this yesterday, my friend, with a power
which Ihave never experienced, I was in the
Jardin des Plantes, and I saw in a secluded
spot a mound covered with young, uncultivated,
flowering weeds from green fields the sunshine
;
fell across them, and I perceived the inner life
which circulates through the delicate tissues and
elevates the hard and thick stalks the breeze
;
blew and waved this bunch of clustered plants,
which had a transparent and marvellous beauty
I felt my heart beat and my whole soul palpi-
tate with love for an entity so beautiful, so peace-
ful, so great and so strange which is called
nature ; I was in love with it and I am still I ;
felt and saw it everywhere, in the bright sky, in
the clear air, in this clump of living and vital
plants, and most of all in the keen and changing
air of springtime. Oh why was I not out of
! the author has yet produced.
filthy Paris and in the open and peaceful coun-
try ? Why should I love it so much 1 Why is it
that, when I see it, I am as excited as one who
meets his lady love ? Why am I replete with a
placid and perfect joy ? Is it because nature
and man are identical and that at certain times
they both return to that primitive and absolute
amity which they have left for their sins ? For
my part T consider nature lovelier than woman
the roseate tints of a morning sky seem to me
more delicate than the attractive colours of the
most beautiful cheeks the motion and effects
;
of water flowing over rocks and herbs seem
more expressive to me than the play of the most
lively countenance."
Every reader of these letters will find
something to give him pleasure. More than
any other man with whom the public is
acquainted, Taine acted as a scholar on the
maxim which Eldon said was the indis-
pensable rule for those who, in his day,
would attain to eminence at the bar, which
was to " live like a hermit,
and work like a
horse." But there are few, if any, in the
history of literature who laboured so hard
ai Taine did under conditions which would
have foiled other men.
NEW NOVELS,
A King's Woman. By Katharine Tynan.
(Hurst & Blackett.)
'A King's Wojian is one of Miss Tynan's
'
Irish stories, not differing very greatly from
some of its many predecessors in style and
sentiment, though the epoch is changed. It
shows her power of weaving together curious
incongruities of native character and in-
cident and scenery that partly account for
the fascination that good Irish stories have
over their readers. The king's woman, the
teller of the story, is an attractive young
Quaker naaiden, an orphan, who makes her
home with her uncle, a man darkened,
soured, and rendered fanatical by private
griefs and public woes. His hand is against
most men, yet his nature is at the core both
true and tender. There are plenty of inter-
esting scenes and pictures of life and man-
ners in Ireland at the time when the United
Irish party came into being, and was con-
fronted by fierce bands of king's soldiery.
The
Conquest of Charlotte. By David
Meldrum. (Blackwood & Sons,)
Mr. Meldrum's latest Fifeshire romance is
good reading. One feels, perhaps, some
THE ATHEN^UM
small sense of irritation at the way in which
old characters continually disappear and new
ones are evolved throughout the 392 closely
printed pages. Yet this is a small blemish
to set against the conception of Eab the
Rascal, who, one is thankful to find, con-
tinues his eccentric course to the last. He
is a fascinating character, Mr, Meldrum
shows that it is not necessary in writing of
the Scots to descend into a sea of unin-
telligible patois. The whole book comes
a welcome relief after those which would
lead us to believe that the inhabitants of
; Scotland devote their entire energies to
analyzing their own and their neighbours'
religious convictions, in interminable pages
imperiously demanding a glossary. The
story steers skilfully between the Scylla of
patois and the Oharybdis of " pawkiness."
It is, in fact, a marked advance on anything
The Virginian. By Owen Wister. (Mac-
millan & Co.)
In the popular acceptance of the wearisome
phrase this is not an "historical novel,"
despite its title and its author's contention,
in a neatly written preface, that, inasmuch
;
as he treats of genuine human types whose
existence a few years ago no man will deny,
he is historical. It is a tale of " cow-
punchers" and a "school-marm" in the
glorious state of Wyoming. The material
is of the wholesome, old sentimental sort
its hero moves with a tiger-like, undulating
grace, and is, of course, a dead shot with
his "gun," The "school-marm" is as
winsome as she should be. The cowboys'
practical jokes are
exceptionally
managed and the reviewer can affirm of his
;
own knowledge that just such men and women
actually did live, and in just such a manner,
not more than fifteen years ago. Let it not
be supposed from what has been said that
the reviewer wishes to write sneeringly of
this book. On the contrary, it is most ably
written, and a particularly well-constructed
story and the latter, at all events, is an
;
uncommon virtue in these days. The material
is stereotyped and old-fashioned but it is not
only genuine, but extremely romantic and
;
picturesque, and the treatment in this case
is fresh, crisp, and restrained. Alto-
gether, it is a most agreeable and enter-
taining tale, and the Virginian himself,
whilst conceived upon conventional lines, is
a well- drawn and most amusing character.
Love xoith Honour. By Charles Marriott,
(Lane,)
Tins is a very hopeful second work by the
author of that puffed and overlauded book
*The Column.' One has real pleasure in
saying that the present volume marks a
distinct advance in the author's mastery of
his craft, Love with Honour is more
'
' Bonaparte.
than cleverish. It shows a certain amount of
true insight into human nature its lucidity
; perilous.
proves a successful endeavour to overcome
and lay aside mannerisms in favour of
studiously fashioned plain prose. The
measure of success which his first book
brought to Mr, Marriott has also left its
S. mark upon the present work, in the shape
of a distinct respect for the conventions and
a desire to interest the average mind. Par-
ticularly is this so in the conclusion of the
; ;
N"3902, Aug. 9, 1902
story. But there is nothing banal about it
only well, there are justifiable concessions.
We think the author will understand and
admit that, as we are sure he well may
without confusion. There are no lay
figures, there is no sentimental padding,
and much of the dialogue is fresh and
natural, as well as merely cle\"er. And
there are simple interests involved, interests
for the plain man and woman of the world,
as for whom, when all is said, novels are, or
should be, intended. There is a country-
woman in this book named Mrs, Winscombe,
and she has a brother called Joseph Ainger,
Both are well- conceived and ably drawn
characters. Her passion is the rearing of
children workhouse children his (he is a;
cabinet - maker) the study of beautiful
colours. Both are of the class referred to
by dwellers in country houses as " cot-
tagers," There are such people among the
English peasantry, and extremely interest-
ing the student of character finds them.
But they are exceedingly rare, and that is
a fact for Mr. Marriott to bear in mind.
However well he may draw them, it is
dangerous for a novelist to make all his
subsidiary characters extraordinary folk,
for life is not like that, and the inference
that it is robs a good story of conviction.
Olifield. By Nancy Huston Banks. (New
York, the Macmillan Company.)
That Kentucky is rapidly amassing a more
than respectable literature of her own
becomes increasingly evident. Among its
pages those of Miss Banks will not be
the least worthy. The Tobacco State was,
well
until recent years, known to most English
readers, chiefly through reminiscences of
childhood, as the "Dark and Bloody Ground"
of old Indian days, or later as the scene
of interminable family feuds. Yet to
those who have sojourned there the present
volume will recall pleasant memories, and
even in the present materialistic days such
types as those here depicted are to be found.
'
Oldfield suggests comparison with other
'
writers, American and English, yet in no
way suffers by them. The faint odour of
pot-pourri hangs about its pages, and the
two old sisters and their protegh are dwelt
upon with a tenderness which compels
sympathy. Miss Judy is a delightful
study. If one may suggest a blemish, it is
that her " daintiness " is too much insisted
on. Daintiness, like butterflies' wings, needs
very careful handling, and more might
have been trusted to the reader's imagina-
tion. The contest between the sable Eunice
and her "brown" rival for the favours of
" old Lady Gordon's " coachman is clever
and characteristic comedy, and the proper
note of pathos is suggested in the sketch of
the French exile who dreams himself a
The introduction of a melo-
dramatic Spanish ex - pirate is a shade
He is out of place in such idyllic
company.
The Passion of Mahael. By Lilian Bowen
Rowlands. (Fisher Unwin.)
This a strong story of domestic tragedy
is
among Welsh fisher - folk. Mahael, the
hero, marries Lisbeth, a girl with a little
money of her own, in obedience to his
mothei-'s wishes, and whilst passionately

N" 390-2, xVuc;. 9,
attached to another girl of his own village
named Pha^be. Thus Mahael loses his
right to woo and win the girl of his choice,
and the book is concerned with proving that
he did not lose his love when he forfeited
the right to declare it. The whole story is
one genuinely conceived and sincerely worked
out, but the gloom which hangs over every
page of it makes '
The Passion of Mahael
rather tiring reading. The characterization
of Welsh peasant
excellent.
A TrUful Woman.
(Long.)
Tho.se of our great- grandmothers who,
whilst possessing no strong sense of humour,
were giddy, would, we think, have called
such a writer as Mr. Burgin " a most agree-
able rattle." The present reviewer cannot
deny the " rattle " of the author's style, but
is bound to say that he finds it very tire-
some in this volume. Mr. Burgin has not
been fair to his readers
he has, as it
were, hit out at them below the belt. In
the main he is merely facetious, with his
ragamuffin lads his talking, kicking mule,
;
which picks people up by "the slack of their
breeches "; his men who wear "sanguinary"
shirts, apostrophize their "optics," drink
"lightning rod," and skirmish round with
" shot-guns." These, the poorest properties
of the Bret Harte school of fiction, are as
familiar to us as the mother-in-law of the
allegedly comic song, and must be endured.
But it is a little trying to find them linked
to would-be "purple patches" of the sort
of fine writing which relies apparently upon
alliterativeness and crude sentimentality for
its efltect. " Crushed trails of arbutus clung
to his feet, scenting the air
with their death
agony" a
ludicrously unhappy metaphor,
and one of many in a poorly written, poorly
conceived narrative As the author has visited
.
Canada it was unkind of him to make his
characters talk like comedians in a White-
chapel music-hall.
Hookey : a Cochney Burlesque.
Lyons. (Fisher Unwin.)
From title-page one learns that this little
its
volume is " a relation of some circumstances
fearrounding the early life of Miss Josephine
Walker," otherwise
who
manages "Walker's Em-
successfully
porium," a little gingerbeer and tobacco
shop in an alley near the Edgware Road.
The author is modest in calling his work a
'
burlesque." There are writers who would
'
have labelled it a social study or a study
of low life. And they would not have been
blamed. It is a clever little narrative, with a
good deal of genuine thought in it, some true
humour, a little unforced pathos, and an
entire absence of any sort of affectation.
It is told in the first person, and the narrator
refers frankly to bis occasional lapses into
alcoholism, and consequent differences
with his wife. Yet his moral vision is
remarkably acute, and his attitude in the
inatter of the troubles and difficulties of
life among the very poor seems
sound. The
author has some emphatic remarks to make
about the sort of programme which is pro-
vided at the fifth-rate music-halls in poor
districts
:
'
1902 THE ATHEN ^UM
" T oive my audiences what they want is a
'
' running
strong retort. And so the audiences get, not
what they want, but what they have been
taught to expect. And that is
a direct and
never-ending instigation to brutality, vice, and
crime. It is not the mere lewdness which
matters
though that has served an ill pur-
pose in obscuring the true evil It is the
laughter of the music-halls which is all wrong.
For it concerns gin and glorious beer the
;
'bashing' of mothers-in-law; the 'pinching'
and fisher folk is of watches; the humours of 'bilking'; the
vanity of thrift. And so there has grown up in
the people a terrible conception of revelry
against which education may fight in vain."
By George B. Burgin.
ASSYRIOLOGICAL BOOKS.
Assyrian Deeds and Documents recording the
By the Rev. C. H. W.
Transfer of Property.
Johns. Vol. III. (Cambridge, Deighton,
Bell & Co.) This volume is in effect a series
of notes upon the inscriptions published in its
two predecessors, and deals chiefly with money
Most of the
transactions and deeds of sale.
first named are written on heart-shaped tablets,
and seem to Mr. Johns to be advances by a
;
landlord to a tenant for the expenses of the
harvest. As we know otherwise that land in
Assyria was generally let at the rent of one-
third of the crop to the landlord, this seems
likely enough, as the penalty for non-payment
would naturally be the forfeiture of the tenant's
share of the crop. But the point is not free
from doubt, and the veteran Assyriologist Dr.
Jules Oppert appears to differ from Mr. Johns
with regard to it. The interest charged was
high, and ranged from 20 to 150 per cent., which
leads Mr. Johns to connect the word used for it
with another meaning " ruin." This is ingenious,
but we doubt whether the Assyrian pigeons
would have been foolish enough to walk into
the net thus openly displayed before them.
The deeds of sale are on tablets of a different
shape from what we may call the mortgages, and
seem to have been kept in stock with blanks
for the names of the parties and witnesses.
the clay must in that case have set before the
As
filling- up of the blanks, and could not have been
made perfectly soft again by damping, it is not
surprising that the names and figures are often
the least legible parts of these documents. What
remains, however, is curious enough, and goes to
show that the Assyrians had a regular system
of conveyancing with formal penalties for breach
of contract, as well as the religious sanction
By A. Neil
involved by the invocation of the gods as wit-
nesses. These penalties generally took a money
shape, but not always, and in some cases the
party to be bound agrees " to burn his eldest
son " to such-and-such a deity if he fail in per-
"Hookey" Walker, forming his contract. Mr. Johns thinks that
long before the date of these contracts {i.e., the
sixth or seventh century b.c.) the words (juoted
had ceased to mean anything more than "to
dedicate " yet, in view of the action of the
;
King of Moab described in the Book of Kings,
this may still remain doubtful. The earlier
contracts are said to be written in " non-Semitic
phra.seology," which adds colour to the view
that the Semites, in Assyria as elsewhere, bor-
rowed such civilization as they succeeded in
assimilating from the earlier inhabitants of the
land. The deeds relating to slaves are also
very instructive, and go to show that the usual
price of a slave was thirty shekels, or about one-
Yet the lot
third of that paid for a good horse.
of the .slave was by no means a hard one, and it
seems clear that he could become the owner of
property, and had besides 100 days in the year
in which he could either rest or work for him-
self. Altogether these deeds throw a welcome
lightupon Assyrian manners and customs, and
were well worth publishing. The present volume
is equipped with sufficient indexes of names
and words, and a rather meagre subject-index.
As it contains neither table of contents nor
183
titles it is somewhat difhcult to con-
sult.
Assyrian and Babylonian Letters. By
Robert Francis Harper. Part VI. (Luzac &
Co.) Dr. Harper here continues his excellent
reprint of the tablets in the British Museum
known as the K
series, those given in this
volume being mostly written by scribes whose
names have been broken oCF. We learn from
his preface that the series is approaching com-
pletion, and that the next volume will conclude
the publication of the texts, the remaining
volumes being occupied with indexes and com-
mentaries. As before, we reserve remarks upon
the letters themselves until we can deal with
them as a whole, but we desire again to remind
the student of the service which Dr. Harper
renders by furnishing him with these clearly
printed volumes, instead of the often illegible
and inaccessible originals. When completed,
the number of letters will be about 800, which
is in itself an extended collection of texts.
Books on Egypt and Chaldcea. Vol. V. As-
syrian Language : Easy Lessons in theCuneiform
Inscriptions. By L. W. King. (Kegan Paul
& Co.) In the present volume of this useful
series of handbooks Mr. King has done his best
to bring the principles of cuneiform decipher-
ment within the knowledge of all. Starting
with the history of the script, in which we are
glad to see that he refuses to consider the Pan-
Semitic theory and asserts boldly that the
Sumerians alone were the inventors of the wedge-
writing, he goes on to supply a very readable
account of the way in which the key to its
The remainder of
mysteries was discovered.
the book is taken up with illustrations of the
different values of the signs, a sketch of Assyrian
grammar, a reading-book of easy texts, and a
glossary. Mr. King, in fact, here does for the
cuneiform inscriptions what Dr. Budge has done
for the hieroglyphic, and makes it possible for
any fairly intelligent reader to master the rudi-
ments of cuneiform study in a short time. Beyond
this we will not go, because the successful
decipherment of an unpublished cuneiform
inscription demands not only a sufficient know-
ledge of some Semitic language like Arabic,
Hebrew, or Syriac, but also a practical acquaint-
ance with the appearance of the characters that
only a long and laborious apprenticeship in the
copying of texts can give. Neither of the quali-
fications named can be acquired from books,
least of all from a book of such modest propor-
tions as Mr. King's. He cannot, therefore, be
blamed for not doing what he does not profess
to do but with this limitation the present
;
volume bids fair to be extremely useful. In
what he has to say on matters like the " con-
struct state" and the "mimmation," which
generally prove stumbling-blocks to beginners,
he is clearness itself.
The. Babylonian Conception of Heaven and Hell.
By Alfred Jeremias. (Nutt.)
In this, the
last example of the handy little series issued by
Mr. Nutt under the title of "The Ancient East,"
Dr. Jeremias gives a very readable summary
of Babylonian eschatology, so far as it can be
gathered from theCreation tablets and, especially,
the legend of Ishtar. Like the Egyptians, the
Babylonians thought it necessary to provide the
dead with food, for lack of which they thought
they would be reduced to feeding upon otial. The
colourless and hopeless misery of the geneial
abode of spirits found echoes later in the con-
ceptions of the Greek Hades and the Hebrew
Sheol. But it is probable enough though Dr.
Jeremias does not say so--that they always
considered their dead kings, and perhaps other
great men, as exempted from the common lot
in this respect, a belief that lies at the root of
what was known as Gnosticism. More
later
modern ideas may also be traced back to Baby-
lonia, such as the notion here mentioned that
the demon.s are born in the mountain of sunset
and are driven away by the rays of the rising
 184
sun. Two pieces of Greek mythology also
receive exemplification in the legend of the
skin - clad wanderer Gilgames, who seems to
be almost certainly a prototype of Heracles,
and in the belief that "sea-surges," as says
Pindar, would in themselves wash away all sin.
Dr. Jeremiaa makes a gallant attempt to read
into the story of Gilgames, and " of the food of
life and the water of life
" there said to be found
in the country "at the mouth of the rivers,"
an allusion to hopes of " a sweeter life " beyond
the grave, to accompany, apparently, some
doctrine of retribution. This may yet be
justified by the facts, but at present there
seems to be no proof of it.
On Traces of an Indefinite Article in Assyrian.
By R. Campbell Thompson. (Nutt.) In this
pamphlet Mr. Thompson, who is an official
of the British Museum, brings together some
thirty or forty extracts horn cuneiform texts
where the case-endings of the noun have been
dropped, in spite of the obvious fact that the
noun is not in the " construct " state. From
these he argues that the dropping of the case-
ending was intentional and not accidental, and
"
that "the fundamental idea of indefiniteness
appears to underlie the cases where it occurs. If
this be admitted his conclusion follows that " the
Assyrian noun when used with its case-endings
will be the equivalent (in sense and meaning,
though not etymologically) of the Aramaic
emphatic, and the Assyrian forms without case-
endings (other than the construct) will similarly
correspond to the absolute." This, which is in
part at any rate a return to the older theory
of Dr. Jules Oppert and the late M. M^nant
in opposition to the later doctrines of Dr.
Olshausen and Prof. Sayce, would have the
advantage of increasing the parallelism between
Assyrian and Syriac but can any general rule
;
of grammar be authoritatively deduced from
such a slender body of evidence as is afforded
by forty passages ? For the rest, we think
that the question might better have been
raised, in the first instance, in a communication
to some learned society, such as theRoyal Asiatic
or the Society of Biblical Archaeology, where it
would have no doubt received full discussion.
However that may be, Mr. Thompson is clear
enough on the point, on which more will doubt-
less be heard.
Babel und Bibel. Ein Vortrag von Fried-
rich Delitzsch. (Leipzig, Hinrichs.)
This
lecture, delivered before the German Oriental
Society, to the edification, as we learn from the
publisher's note, of the Kaiser, supplies in a
convenient form some, at any rate, of the effects
of Assyriological discoveries on the exegesis of
the Old Testament. It is essentially popular in
form, and goes over a good deal of ground often
covered before, as in its description of the find-
ing and purport of the Tell-el-Amarna letters.
It mentions with approval the theory of the
Vienna geologist Dr. Suess that the Biblical
Flood was in reality due to a violent cyclone
which occurred as early as 2000 B.C. This does
not seem to have much to support it, any more
than the theory, borrowed, if we recollect rightly,
from Gunkel, that the war between Michael and
the Dragon in the Apocalypse is an echo of the
Babylonian legend of Marduk and Tiamat, or
the supposed illustration of the Biblical fall of
man by a Babylonian cylinder- seal, which may
well refer to something entirely different. The
sketch is well illustrated, one of the figures
showing an evil genius confidently labelled
"Teufel," which we have not met with before,
but which is ugly enough for anything. The
equation in one of the illustrations of a scene
on a seal- cylinder with Ezekiel's Vision of the
Chariot is one of the things that would be
curious, if true.
THE ATHEN^UM
lUIiLIOGKAI'HICAL LITERATURE.
Edtvard Edtvards, the Chief Pioneer of Muni-
cipal Public Libraries. By Thomas Greenwood.
(Scott &
Greenwood.) Mr. Greenwood has cer-
tainly spared no pains in his effort to perpetuate
the memory of Edward Edwards. A
few months
ago he distributed among librarians and biblio-
graphers a large number of copies of such sheets
of the second edition of the Memoirs of
'
Libraries as were in proof at the time of
'
Edwards's death. Then he erected a monument
him Wight. Finally,
at Niton, in the Isle of
to
he has written and published an excellent
sketch of Edwards's life and work. If his means
permitted he would doubtless himself found
the Edwards Home for librarians and the
Edwards Institute for library lore, which he
suggests as proper objects for the munificence
of richer men but by his own efforts he has
; author who can cause an index fully to bring out
secured the permanent recognition of Edwards's
work, and his zeal is the more remarkable
because it is accompanied by a clear recognition
of his hero's shortcomings. The one essential
qualification as a hero which Edwards possessed
was his unselfish devotion to a single object,
in his case the diffusion of knowledge by means
of public libraries ; but it may be reckoned
also as a kind of heroic accident that there
is some little mystery about his upbringing. It
is known that his father was a builder, but how
or where the boy was educated seems to have
eluded research. He sprang into notoriety at
the age of twenty-three as the author of a
very able pamphlet on the Report of the Parlia-
mentary Committee of 1835 on the condition
The pamphlet showed
of the British Museum.
a remarkable grasp of what was needed to
make the Museum, and more especially the
Museum Library, thoroughly efficient, and led
to the examination of its writer before the
revived committee of 1836, and subsequently to
his appointment on the staff of the Museum,
though in a subordinate position and at a
wretched salary. At the British Museum
Edwards shared in the compilation of
famous 'Ninety -one Rules of Cataloguing,'
and in the ordinary work of his department.
Meanwhile he continued his researches into
libraries and their organization, and in 1849-
18.50, by the information he supplied privately
and by his evidence as a witness in Committee,
did more than any other man to secure the
passing of Ewart's Bill for the promotion of
free public libraries. This and his works on
the history of libraries are his titles to fame.
" Viewed as a man," Mr. Greenwood candidly
confesses, "he was not a success." He made
himself impossible at the British Museum and
also at Manchester, where, on leaving the
Museum, he was appointed head of the first
free library instituted under the Act which he
had helped to pass. He was then employed for
some years at the Bodleian cataloguing manu-
scripts, but worked in so unbusiness-like a
fashion that the catalogue could not be printed
and his employment came to an end. A Civil
List pension of 80J. should have saved him at
least from actual want, but this pittance was
encroached on partly to help a sister, partly in
an unavailing attempt to reprint his Memoirs ' common law (this immunity was not only
of Libraries,' and the last years of the old man's
life were made bitter by a poverty he was too
proud to allow his friends to hear of and relieve.
Through all these troubles his devotion to
libraries remained undiminished, and in writing
about them he attained a serenity which enabled
him to discuss Panizzi's work at the British
Museum not merely without enmity, but even
with enthusiasm. Mr. Greenwood has imitated
his example in this respect. There is the barest
reference in his book to Edwards's quarrels,
and on the other hand, by extracts from evi-
dence before the Parliamentary committees and
an account of his books, Edwards's claims as
the chief pioneer of the modern library move-
ment are abundantly substantiated. Save that
N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
it is at times a little prolix, the memoir is as well
carried out as generously conceived.
Hoio to Make an Index. By Henry B.
Wheatley. (Elliot Stock.) Mr. Wheatley, who
has made many books, writes with experience
and judgment on how the indexes to books
should be compiled. This is an art which is
now sometimes taught along with shorthand
and type-writing, and, indeed, it is only by
practice that real skill in indexing can be
acquired. Mr. Wheatley, however, illustrates
his subject so thoroughly, both by examples of
what to avoid (a fruitful topic) and by positive
rules, that the beginner who has mastered his
little handbook will know all that theory can
teach him. Sir .James Paget found a pleasure
in making indexes, and it will be well if the help
here offered by Mr. Wheatley persuades other
authors to compile their own, for it is only the
Before he turns to the
the points of his book.
practical side of his subject Mr. Wheatley illus-
trates its history, and unearths some amusing
special indexes, so that his book is by no means
unentertaining. His own index is a model of
fulness, but the alphabetical arrangement of
the entries under the word 'Index' itself is radi-
The words which rule the alpha-
cally bad.
betical sequence are often unimportant, and
there is nothing to indicate that the three
entries which follow " history of the word
" are
Unless
subordinate ones, breaking the sequence.
each entry under a heading begins a new line,
and subordinate entries are indented, the alpha-
markedly
betical arrangement seems inferior
to a logical or historical one.
EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE.
Slate Intervention in Englisli Education. By
J. E. G. de Montmorency. (Cambridge, Uni-
versity Press.)
Mr. de Montmorency traces
the relation between the State and education in
this country from early Saxon times to 1833,
when for the first time " the monies of Parlia-
ment were voted for elementary educational
the
purposes in Great Britain." Throughout this
long period the Church maintained or claimed
supremacy in questions of education, but the
claim seems to have rested on immemorial pre-
scription rather than on common law indeed,
;
of the Royal Courts of Justice
the influence
has, on the whole, always been in favour of
freedom of national education from ecclesiastical
control and " the universal right of all, bond
;
or free, to education " was by statute placed
"on a firm and unalterable basis" in 1406.
Lawsuits in 1304 and subsequent years con-
cerning the Grammar School in Beverley tend
to show that the calling of schoolmaster was
even at that time remunerative i.e., that there
was a considerable demand for education and
they also show that efforts were then made to
free school- keeping from Church rule. Early
in the fifteenth century several social tendencies
told in favour of education, Lollardy and Benefit
of Clergy being not the least potent of them.
All men who could read were accounted clerks,
enjoyed privilegium clericale and obtained
immunity more or less complete from the
revived in senseless fashion by Parliament after
the Reformation, but extended also to women),
so that at this time in our history there was
a general desire for education, the Lollards
valuing it for one thing, the ecclesiastics for
another " while, on grounds of general policy,
;
the State fostered it as far as possible." From
this period to the Reformation popular educa-
tion was far more widely spread and more
generally available than is usually supposed.
Mr. de Montmorency maintains with apparent
justice that so far as general education, morality,
and religion are concerned the Middle Ages in
our country may be favourably compared with
the eighteenth century. The educational pos-
sibilities bequeathed to future generations by

N3902, Au(;. 9, 1902
the Middle Ages were recklessly squandered in
Reformation and subsequent times, and it would
seem that in the period preceding the Reforma-
tion popular education in England was in a
more flourishing state than at the opening of
the last century. The State during Elizabeth's
reign, and probably in accordance with her
wishes, did what was then possible to recon-
struct a system of national education but
; of products and mechanical apparatus, travel-
subsequent Stuart times were not favourable to
educational progress, and although a remarkable
Act passed in 1650 shows that the importance of
education was realized under the Commonwealth,
post-Reformation education declined till the end
of the eighteenth or the beginning of the nine-
teenth century and then the sudden increase
; the Board of Education to take in hand without
of an illiterate population about manufacturing
and trade centres, and the upgrt)wth of multi-
tudes of ignorant, untrained children, were recog-
nized as a source of danger to the State. The
legislature passed an Act in 1802 making the
instruction of boys and girls engaged in cotton
and other factories obligatory on their employers
the first English Compulsory Education Act.
The not too stringent requirements of this Act
were denounced, in the interest of manufac-
turers, both in Parliament and in the country,
with unreasoning violence and although some
; the teaching of modern languages, we are told
real effort was at first made to enforce the Act,
it speedily proved abortive. The passing of
the Act, however, was a sign of the trend of
public opinion. Mr. Whitbread's Education
Bill of 1807 was lost in the Upper House but ; of
nine years later a select committee was appointed
to consider the education of the lower orders.
This committee collected a vast amount of infor-
mation, and suggested an ingenious and liberal
scheme of national education, which, unfor-
tunately, Parliament did not adopt. Kothing
more was done for ten or twelve years but the
; "We hold, therefore, that it is a good system to
arguments of Blackstone, Adam Smith, and
Bentham, the successful experiments of Bell
and Lancaster, and the Parliamentary vigour of
Whitbread, Brougham, and Roebuck produced
a growing opinion in favour of some system
of national education and in 1833 twenty
;
thousand pounds were voted towards the erec-
tion of " School Houses, for the Education of
the Children of the Poorer Classes in Great
Britain."
Mr. de Montmorency makes a really interest-
ing story of State-aided elementary education,
and he writes clearly and well. The work is
carefully indexed, and its usefulness is increased
by tables of statutes cited, of cases to which refer-
ence is made, as well as of ecclesiastical docu-
ments and other works mentioned. Much addi-
tional matter, including speeches by Brougham
and Roebuck, is provided at the end, and
the volume is a satisfactory and trustworthy
compendium of the subject up to 1833, where
the author places the beginning of the
new edu-
cation as distinguished from the old.
Commercial KdHcation at Home and Abroad.
By F. Hooper and T. Graham. (Macmillan.)
When we say that Mr. Hooper is secre-
tary of the Bradford Chamber of Commerce
and Mr. Graham Inspector for Commercial
Subjects and Modern Languages to the West
Riding County Council, and that these two
gentlemen have co-operated in several works on
busine.ss methods, the public may fairly con-
clude that they are well qualified to deal with
their subject. Yet the value of their work is
not Bo much that it reaches definite conclusions
on matters of detail as that it offers a good
selection of materials for those who are to con-
struct the national scheme of commercial educa-
tion. Part L of this book is properly devoted
to the role which the British Government
should play so as to emulate the action of
foreign governments. We want as soon as may
be grants for commercial on the same footing as
science courses, on the general principle that
courses shall be strictly educational up to
seventeen years of age. Once again it is here
demonstrated that our provision is absurdly in-
THE ATHEN^UM
ade(piate. Let readers turn to the admirable map
(p. 12)showing the present geographical distri-
bution of institutions givinsr commercial educa-
tion in Germany, or to the syllabus of the
special School of Living Oriental Languages
(p. 39) at Paris, if they would realize the neces-
sity of Government intervention. Commercial
sides of schools, commercial colleges, museums
ling exhibitions tenable at recognized foreign
centres, a comprehensive scheme of national
commercial education, and a uniform system of
examinations and inspection applicable to the
whole kingdom, resulting in one certificate
generally recognized all these are matters for
delay. It is not mending matters to allow
examinations to be multiplied by difterent
chambers of commerce, which, in their irrecon-
cilable enthusiasm, are setting up so many
different standards. The book is sound on the
general question, and presents comprehensively
the needs of a British scheme of commercial
education. Five courses are selected as essential,
dealing respectively with modern languages,
commercial practice, study of materials, prin-
ciples of commerce, and commercial law. On
that "there must be a revolutionary change from
the old methods of teaching languages They
ought to he taught chiefly by the ear and the
tongue." It is usual with the writer of this kind
book to offer his nostrum on the method
teaching modern languages in an airy style of
generalizing which is well calculated to make
experienced teachers of these languages doubt
the writer's capacity to advise at all. So in the
present case the pedagogue groping for the light
will get little help from this obscure sentence
first secure a mere rough outline of the graniinar
of a language, then to begin to try and read it,
and very soon to make up sentences, and even easy
notes and general letters, perfecting the grammar
later on."
On the treatment of the four other courses we
do not write here at length, but may note
that a large amount of pertinent material
has been collected from many sources. As we
have already outrun our space, suffice it to say
that a helpful sketch is given of commercial edu-
cation abroad, that the West Riding experiment
inaugurated in 1891 is described, and that hints
and suggestions are provided on the organiza-
tion of commercial education courses of various
grades, including higher elementary, smaller
technical, and secondary schools, and the
technical college or department of a university
college. Of these we note with satisfaction that
in the secondary course to be taken for three
years between fourteen and seventeen, out of
33 lessons a week 10 are given on languages all
through the course, and that whereas commercial
subjects increase from G to 9, science and art
(including mathematics) decrease from 11 to 8.
The book closes with a selection of typical
examination papers.
Educational Studies and Addresses. By T. G.
Rooper. (Blackie & Son.) Mr. Rooper pre-
sents to us a collection of thoughtful papers on
educational subjects, most of which were read
before branches of the Parents' National Educa-
tional L'nion, while several of them have appeared
in the Parents' Jievien-. The papers no doubt
interested and instructed the members of the
Union to whom they were addressed, but as
most of them are already accessible to educa-
tionists in the Parents' Pevien- there seems no
adequate reason for their republication in book
form. Theessay on Edward Sdguin contains
much that is unfamiliar to the casual reader,
but the remainder of the book presents little
that is not already generally known to
persons who take an interest in educational
theory and practice and, from the nature of
;
the compilation, there is in it much repetition
and much overlapping of subjects, so that the
;
185
reader becomes a little wearied with meeting
the same truths and similar arguments over and
over again.
The method adopted by S('guin in his attempts
to educate defective, cretinous children is de-
scribed at considerable length. The education
of the idiot hand and the idiot eye "commenced
with purely physical exercises," and the unfortu-
nate scholar was seven or eight years old before
an attempt was made to teach him to read or
write indeed, StJguin postponed this stage of
;
education till the child's mind "had been
stored by the exercise of his senses with a num-
ber of correct impressions of objects " till then ;
Seguin was content that he should remain in an
" unalphabetic condition." Mr. Rooper points
out how the study of the defective intellect of
these cretinous children throws light on the
mental growth of normal scholars.
The chapter on Obedience,' beginning with
'
the paradoxical quotation from an unnamed
head master's speech, "Obedience for its own
sake is the worst of vices," gives a slightly
exaggerated picture of the kind of discipline
that sometimes obtains in class-rooms larger
and newer than that under the nominal
control of " Agnes Grey " but it also
;
suggests methods by which good order and
real discipline may be maintained. Lord
CoUingwood, whose views on education, especi-
ally on that of girls, are approved by Mr.
Rooper, long ago discovered the secret of true
of discipline, and kept the somewhat mutinous
sailors of his fleet not only in order, but in con-
tented order " Occupation of the right kind was
:
the keynote of his educational system." If all
schoolmasters would realize this great truth and
act on it, many of our class-rooms would be
: happier and more orderly.
Mr. Rooper sees clearly that neither the
study of literature nor the training of
senses and muscles should be neglected
and in treating of manual training he
shows how the character of the average
home, notably of the rural home, " has changed
since it has ceased to be a miniature technical
school," and it has become necessary to train the
hand at school if it is to be trained at all. In
the earlier years of last century the occupations
homestead baking, brewing, thatching,
of the
rough carpentry, spinning, weaving, and the
like constituted what would to-day be called
but this instruc-
a practical technological course ;
tion can now only be found in a scholastic
some grade or
of kind, for
institution
" machinery saves hand labour, and nothing is
made at home."
The papers on Geography and on Don
' ' '
Ouixote deserve consideration. The study of
'
Cervantes and his immortal creation cannot,
without undue straining of words, be classed
among object lessons it is, however, an excel-
;
lent exampleof the way in which the work of a
great author can be introduced into class routine
and made of high educational value to scholars,
Mr. Rooper treats his other subjects, 'Gaiety
and Individualism in Education,' Herbert
Spencer's work, 'The Tree of Knowledge,' &c.,
in a stimulating way.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
The Canonization of Saint Osmund. By A. N.
Maiden. (Wilts Record Society.) Mr. Maiden,
the Chapter- Clerk of Salisbury, deserves well of
ecclesiologists. and of all who are interested in
the story of one of England's greatest bishops,
for the careful printing and annotation of a col-
lection of original documents pertaining to the
canonization of St. Osmund. Full transcripts
are supplied of a variety of manuscript records
in the muniment room of Salisbury Cathedral,
to which only brief reference has been made by
previous writers. An able introduction gives a
good summary of their contents, and throws
much light on the whole elabor-ite method of
canonizati'i). The process in the Western Church

180
in mediifjval days was much the same as is now
followed. (Jn receipt of a petition of sufHcient
weight in favour of adding a name to the roll of
saints, the Pope issued a commission of inquiry.
When commissioners had been
the report of the
received, a formal process was drawn up, and
three cardinals of different nations examined the
evidence and reported to the Consistory. The
Pope in council then considered the alleged
miracles seriatim, as well as the recommenda-
tions of the three cardinals, and a decision was
made whether the life of the candidate had
attained to a sufticiently high standard of
sanctity. If the decision was favourable, the
whole matter was next submitted to the arch-
bishops and bishops then at Rome, and if their
opinion was unanimous another consistory was
held, when the time of publication of the bull
of canonization was announced.
Osmund, the nephew of William the Con-
queror, was the second bishop of the two sees
Ramsbury and Sherborne, which were united at
Old Sarum in 1075. He built the greater part
of the cathedral church of Old Sarum, and pro-
vided for its service by forming a chapter of
secular canons, modelled on that of Bayeux in
Normandy. Tradition has it that he was the
first to arrange the offices after the "Use of
Sarum," which was later adopted by the
greater part of England. His memory, not only
as a noble benefactor, but also as a man of much
sanctity of life, was highly venerated from an
early period. An inventory of the cathedral
treasures in 1222 enumerates a chasuble and a
broken crozier that had belonged to the bishop.
In 1228 Bishop Richard Poore and the chapter
petitioned Gregory IX. for his canonization.
The usual commission of inquiry into the merits
of his life and miracles was thereupon issued.
Although no adverse decision was given the pro-
cess came to an end, probably for lack of funds.
No further steps were taken for about a century
and a half, when Bishop Erghum (1375-88)
again petitioned the Pope but he met with no
;
better success, "partly," as Mr. Maiden sur-
mises, " owing to the differences which existed
between the bishop and his chapter, and partly
to the Papal schism."
Bishop Halam (1408-17) presented a fresh
petition ; its consideration was arrested by the
death of the cardinal to whom Gregory XII.
had referred it. But the matter was not allowed
to drop, and on May 4th, 1416, Dean Chandler
summoned a chapter for the express purpose
of making arrangements to press forward the
claim. On that day Dr. Ullerston, who was at
one time Chancellor of the University of Oxford,
preached a sermon setting forth the merits of
Bishop Osmund and his claims to canonization.
His utterances, written by his own hand, are
printed in an appendix. In this sermon there
IS a " Bidding prayer " of much the same
form
as that now used. In this prayer intercession
is made for Henry V., whom the
preacher
styles, in terms that almost read like irony,
" raaximus pacis zelator." The preacher not only
mentioned the bishop's founding of the chapter
and the evidence of his sanctity drawn from
the miracles at his tomb, but he referred more
especially to the "Use of Sarum," "in orbe
terrarum precipuus," as giving its original com-
piler a good claim for insertion in the bede
roll
of the saints. After several adjourned meetings
for the consideration of ways and means an Act
of Chapter was made on July 22nd, by which the
canons agreed to pay annually for seven years
a tenth part of the income of their prebends
towards the expenses of the canonization, and
also to appropriate for a like purpose during
the same period the then very considerable
fees that canons paid who took up residence.
It was not, however, till 1424 that three
cardinals as Papal commissioners began their
examination of the evidence. The petition
recited the particulars of the application
made
in 1228, and the issue by Gregory IX. of
a com-
mission to the Bishops of Bath and Coventry
THE ATHEN^UM
and the Abbot of Stanley to inquire into the
miracles, and how this evidence had been pre-
served in the cathedral archives. The petition
was supported by letters from the king. The
result was the appointment of a fresh commis-
sion, consisting of the Papal Nuncio in England
and the Bishops of Winchester and Hereford, to
inquire as to further miracles. In the course of
the thirteenth - century inquiry twenty - nine
witnesses were examined, who attested their
personal knowledge of a variety (jf miracles.
One of these shows the way in which sufferers
treated the tomb of the deceased prelate about
a hundred years after his death, for a diseased
jawbone was reported cured while the sufferer was
rubbing his jaw upon the tomb. A widow testi-
fied to having seen the lights about the tomb
extinguished and relighted by themselves, when
there was no one near who could have relighted
them, nor was there any other light near. Six
witnesses spoke to the restoration to life of a
child apparently drowned, but in this case
blankets and a fire were at the least accessories.
A candle, the same length as the child, was
offered at the bishop's tomb when his assistance
was invoked.
In connexion with the later inquiry thirty-
three miracles were deposed to by forty-six
witnesses. A former vicar of the cathedral
deposed of his own knowledge to a variety of
miracles, among which was the restoration of
a maniac to his senses, the sufferer having
placed his head and hands in a certain aperture
in the tomb. One of the most striking of the
alleged miracles is the recovery of a girl who
had been struck by a quoit upon the head and
taken up for dead. John Comb, of Quidhampton,
testified to an accident when an early form of
cricket was being played. His neighbours were
playing at ball with great clubs at Bemerton,
when a quarrel arose. Comb tried to make
peace, when one of the players struck him with
his club, breaking his head and right shoulder,
so that he lay sick and unable to hear or see for
more than three months. At length a shining
figure appeared to Comb in a vision, directing
him to make a model of his head and shoulders
in wax, to mark them with wounds similar to his
own, to make an offering of the model at Bishop
Osmund's tomb, and to pray to him, after which
he should soon be made whole. On awaking
he recovered sight and hearing, and found
strength to obey his visitant, whereupon com-
plete recovery to health ensued.
The business was, however, badly managed by
the agents of the chapter at Rome, as is set forth
at length in the documents printed by Mr.
Maiden. Eventually, after vexatious delays,
the decree of the actual canonization was
pronounced on January 1st, 1457.
total amount expended procuring the
in
canonization reached the sum of 731^ 13^.,
equivalent to about 10,000L of our money.
The Pope directed that a shrine should be
prepared for the translation of St. Osmund's
body, and gave directions as to the application
of the offerings to be there made. The first
object was to be the proper adornment of the
.shrine ;secondly, the discharge of debts due
to those who had lent money for canonization
expenses, while the rest was to be applied to
the fabric fund of the cathedral church. The
bull also promised indulgences to all the devout
penitents who within the next three years visited
and made offerings at the shrine within the
octave of the feast. The great dread inspired by
the Turks at this period is shown by a passage
at the end of the bull, wherein the prayers of
the faithful are invoked against their attacks.
There has of late been much carelessness in
the transcription of old Latin documents. Mr.
Maiden assures us that the grammar of the
original is faulty in several places. How
the few faults of this character that we have
noticed are due to the fifteenth-century scribe
or to his modern transcriber it is impossible to
say.
-
N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
The Convents of Great Britain. By Francesca
M. Steele. (Sands & Co.) Father Thurston,
who writes an interesting preface to this use-
ful book, draws attention to the remarkable
revival of the religious life during the nine-
teenth century, during which so many new
religious institutes of the Roman obedience
were founded, more particularly in France.
He does not, however, note tliat this extra-
ordinary steadfastness to the old orders and
the establishment of new ones have been chiefly
confined to the female sex. It will be a sur-
prise to many to learn that there are at the
present time in England and Scotland six hun-
dred separate congregations of Roman Catholic
women, which at an average of ten to each
establishment leads to the conclusion that
there must be alx)ut six thousand of these
sisters domiciled in Great Britain. Large
as this number is, there is no doubt that
it is surpassed by the number of Anglican
sisters within the Establishment, of whom no
account is taken in these pages ; and this is
all the more remarkable when the bitter hos-
tility that they excited barely half a century
ago is remembered. It is rather curious that
in the historic preface to this volume no
reference is made to the number of nuns
that there were in England in the time of
Henry VIII. Abbot Gasqwet estimates their
numbers at 1,500. They were then divided into
Benedictines, Cistercians, Austins, Cluniacs,
Premonstratensians, Franciscans, and Domini-
cans, Of these the Benedictines had by far
the largest share. Two of the congregations,
now in England can claim an early origin.
One of these was that of the Bridgettine nuns
from Sion, near Isleworth, who, after settling
for a short period in the Low Countries and
at Rouen, removed to Lisbon but now,
;
after a residence of some years at Spettis-
bury, they have established themselves at
Chudleigh, Devonshire. The other was the
convent of English "Benedictine Dames,"
which was begun at Brussels in 1598 they
;
are now at East Bergholt, Suffolk. By the
close of the eighteenth century manj-^ of the
English convent dwellers that had been estab-
lished in France and the Netherlands had been
compelled to fly and had sought and obtained
By the year
refuge on their native soil.
1800 there were twenty-one of such houses-
established in England, mostly of Benedic-
tines or Poor Clares. At the present time
the six hundred nunneries of Great Britain
are divided among no fewer than ninety
different orders. These mimerous
three
houses may be conveniently divided into
two classes- the contemplative, who, like
the Carmelites, spend the greater portion of
The
their time in prayer and are strictly cloistered,
and the active, who spend a considerable part
of the day in corporal works of mercy, such as-
the well-known Sisters of Charity of St. Vin-
cent de Paul, or the Little Sisters of the Poor,
founded in 1839. Those who desire to have an
accurate knowledge of the diversity of work
undertaken by these devoted women, and the
broad features of their respective rules, will
find abundant and interesting information in
this pleasantly written volume, which is not in
any way aggressive or controversial.
A History of Neath Abbeij. By W.
de Gray Birch, LL.D. (Neath, Richards.)
Dr. Birch has taken considerable pains-
to collect in this volume all the historic
records of the Abbey of Neath from the
British Museum, the Public Record Office,
and private sources, with the result that he
has produced a book of genuine value. The
remains of this once-famed house are now but
small, and Dr. Birch is justly indignant at its
present deplorable condition and at the utter
far lack of care shown by those who ought to be
The book is brightened by a
its custodians.
variety of reproductions of old prints of the
abbey, when its ruins were more extensive and
picturesque but a really good ground-plan of
;

N 3002, Aug. 0, 1902
what remains, &c., of foundations Icuown to
exist beneath the soil is lacking-. It is a pity
that a special survey was not made lor a work
which is supposed to be final on a religious
house of this importance. In record searching-
it would be ditlicult to lind a rival for Dr.
Birch, but it would have been well if lie had
availed himself of the help of others in deal-
ing with the question of the Cistercian plan.
\'aluable as was the work on the Cistercian
houses done many years ago b\' the late Mr.
fSharpe, it is now admitted by all genuine
monastic students that his conclusions were
in some respects hasty and faultj'. Later and
better planning of Cistercian houses has
established a variety of points that Dr. Bii-ch
ignores, and he seems unaware of Mr. Fowler's
publication of the Cistercian statutes. It is
actually supposed by Dr. Birch that two
rooms on the western side of the monks'
cloister were "used as places of reception and
hospitality to visitors or for almsgiving- to the
poor," an idea absolutely inconsistent with the
initial discipline of a Cistercian house. Other
suggestions as to the use of certain parts of
the buildings accepted or cxuoted in these
pages are equally faulty. Dr. Birch thinks
that the frater or fratry was the " day room of
the monks," whereas it was the English name
for the refectory or dining-hall. The second
story of the chapter-house is said to have been
the writing-room or library of the Cistercian
houses where books were kept, and volumes
also were written and illustrated but such ;
work was usually done in the cloisters the
recesses for the bookcases at Rievaulx, Fon-
tains, and Kirkstall can still be seen. It is
stated with emphasis that " no part of the
cloisters remains in any English Cistercian
abbey," a statement that proves the writer's
ignorance of Combe Abbey, Warwickshire.
Tintern is written of as if it was the only
Cistercian house with the conventual buildings
on the north of the church but this was not
;
so exceptional an arrangement, for to Tintern
must certainly be added Ford, Dore, and
Buildwas, which all follow a like plan. The
ia^t half of this volume deals with various
religious houses of CardilT and the district,
and supplies much information with regard to
the history of the castle and town. It is
unfortunate that the book lacks an index.
The Histonj of Dunhrodij Ahheij. By Philip
Herbert Hore. (Elliot Stock.) The account
of Dunbrody Abbey, with certain additions,
forms the third instalment of the history of
the county of Wexford now in progress, which
has already received favourable notice in these
pages- This abbey, also Cistercian, colonized
from Buildwas in Shropshire, forms one of the
most interesting and be;iutiful monastic ruins
left in Ireland. It was founded in 1175 by
Hervey de Montmorency, steward of all Earl
Strongbow's Irish estates. Great care and
industry have l^eeu shown in tracing the his-
tory of the place, through a series of
chronicles, from its foundation to its dissolu-
tion, and of the estates after Reformation
times down to the present day. Collotypes
arc given of the foundation charter, and
various illustrations of the picturesque, but
ivy-spoilt remains ; but again we lament that
a> writer who has shown so rare an industry
in record searching should have taken so little
trouble to inform liimself as to the nature of
the Cistercian plan, or the manner of life fol-
lowed by this great order. There is no excuse
for the numerous mistakes and blunders of this
cliaracter, for Mr. St. .John Hope lias given
admirable ground -plans of several of their
principal houses; Mr. Micklethwaite has
written clearly and well on their arrangements
{Yurks. Arch. Journdl, vii.) Mr. Fowler lias
;
printed their statutes and there is a cjiarm-
;
ing and accurate account of their manner of
living in Newman's Life of Stephen Harding,'
'
in tho chapter called A Day at Citcaux.' We
'
could willingly have spared some of the es<:Q\-
;
THE ATHEN^UM
lent illustrations if only Mr. llore had inserted
a good ground-plan of the church and con-
ventual buildings, with a due explanation
of their component parts. According to the
plan given on \). 28, the frater was not at
right angles to the south cloister, as is usual
in the Cistercian plan, but was continuous
with the south wall. Merevale, Warwickshire,
is another example of this variation from the
ordinary arrangement, Mr. Hore makes the
common mistake of saying that the cloister
garth was used for the burial of the monks.
BOOKS ABOUT HPAIN.
M.GustAveRkgniku has contributed to the
"Bibliotheque Espagnole " of M. Privat, of
Toulouse, an agreeable volume on La Vie
Univcr>iUaire dans I'Ancienne Espagne. He
has not attempted a history of the Spanish
universities in tlie spirit of Mr. Rashdall, but
only a sketch of the life of the Spanish student,
to which such copious references occur in
plays and tales. It much resembled life in
other medijeval universities, but the Middle
Ages lasted longer in Spain than elsewhere,
and consequently it plays a more considerable
part in literature. M. Regnier confines himself
almost entirely to Salamanca; still, in the
brief notice of Osuna he might as well have
mentioned the eulogy of its university by
Rojas in his Viaje Entretenido
*
'
not that
;
it is of any real value, but it seems to show
that Osuna was not so much a subject of
ridicule as Sigiienza. M. Regnier's contribu-
tion to the history of Spanish education is
highly welcome, but it really ought to have
M. Privat should be ashamed
had an index
of issuing it without one.
Miss Higgin's little volume, Spanish Life in
Town and Connirij (Newnes), is pleasant and
well put together. The wa-iter shows genuine
sympathy with the Spaniards, and a good
understanding of their best qualities. In fact,
if she errs it is on the side of eulogy. Her
friends have no doubt made considerable ]no-
gress of late years in commerce and the
acquisition of wealth, but whether that
advance is altogether so wholesome as she
thinks may be open to dispute. She seems
hardly to have stopped to consider the demon-
stration of savage discontent, to use a mild
word, that breaks out every now and again
among the artisans of Catalonia, or the
wretchedness prevalent among the tillers of
the soil in the south-west nor is it easy to
;
accept without qualification her eulogy on
the late king, who was quick of apprehension,
but self-indulgent. Yet on such matters it
is impossible to expect unanimity of oiiinion
it is more certain that the author's oV)serva-
tions are always deserving of consideration as
those of a competent witness. On literary
topics she is not so well informed. She talks
of our late contributor Don P. de Gayangos as
if he were still alive, and she has not heard of
the death of Campoamor.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Messrs. Mktiiuicn & Co. publish On Com-
mando, by Dietlof van Warmelo, a book on the
war, the value of which lies in its obvious
truthfulness of intention. The author is not
a hero on his own showing he appears to have
;
lieen somewhat disinclined to risk his bones or
to remain continuously at the front; and his
virtual charges of i)rotty general cowardice
against our infantry are accompanied by simi-
lar charges against his own side. According
to the showing of this Boer writer the war was
conducted in a thoroughly unsatisfactory way
by both belligerents. There is some dilliculty
in quoting our author, for tlie translation is
the work of a young lady who evidently knows
notliing about military terms. She habitually
"bombs," and speaks of bullets
calls shells
187
" exi)loding " when she is cviilcntly alluding,
not to explosive bullets, but to the striking of
bullets on rock, and she calls the pom-pom
by the name of a " l)omb-Maxim" but such;
vagaries do not matter. We cannot, however,
feel sure that she has not changed the mean-
ing of more important i)assagcs. In the
preface the Dutch editor tells us that the
Afrikander spirit has been much misconceived
in England, but we find no trace of that cor-
rection of misconception in the volume which
ho claims for it. The view which we derive
from its perusal is not diiVerent frou] that
already entertained by all careful observers
of the war.
The author served at first under Erasmus in
the wholly unsuccessful operations of that
Boer leader in the first part of the Natal
campaign. He evidently thinks that Erasmus
was a coward, as well as wholly incompetent,
but he mentions the capture by Erasmus of
250 British infantry by pure chance on the
day of the battle of Dundee, of which we do
not remember previously to have heard. He
says that they had been detached to attack
Lucas Meyer in the rear and had blundered
into the lost commando of Erasmus, which
otherwise rendered, it will be remembered, no
help to the Boer general. This, therefore,
was the first "surrender" or "regrettable
incident " of the campaign. The autlior shares
the general dislike of the Boers for the
foreigners who fought for them, except the
Hollanders with whom he himself seems to
have been acting, and accuses the Irish corps
of horse-stealing from their own friends,
although he admits that their example spread.
He describes the flight of our right wing at
the battle of Ladysmith, and states that if the
Boers had had the courage to follow
" the enemy when they fled in disorder, we should
iu all probability have taken those positions
that
would have involved the immediate surrender of
Ladysmith."
This is the opinion held by many British
officers who were present. The author repeat-
edly describes the extraordinarily bad shooting
of the British infantry, and he returns over
and over again to examples of cowardice upon
both sides. He was present at the capture of
the Lincolns under Col. Roberts, a matter
which was the subject of two inquiries. We
generally call this engagement Uitral's Nek
or Nitral's Nek. He calls it Selikat's Nek.
The author says that the prisoners made by
him and his friends "were too cowardly to
defend themselves. A few of our comrades
took them down." He then goes on to explain
that the British soldier fought well so long as
he was under the immediate control of his
officer, but that in the extended order
of
modern war, when the control of officers is
lost, men remain lying behind such cover
as they can find without firing, being too
frightened to expose themselves. It is the
very general opinion of French officers
that under universal military service
French regiments are likely in future
war to behave in the same way. and the
example of the Chinese campaign tends some-
what to confirm this opinion as regards all
European armies; the .Japanese being an
exception in the high personal courage of all
the individual men, as our own best (Jhoorka
regiments also are. The author puts in a
little tag as to the British infantry privates
being more inclined to show cowardice because
" they are not fighting for their indei>endence."
But his own friends, though fighting for their
independence, do i\ot by any means unifoimly
come ofT any better at his hands and he ;
describes De la Roy violently striking on the
face, apparently for cowardice, men ol a
iiarty
belonged. ^^ e
to which the author himself
author justified in
do not think that the is
that
stating, which he does only from hearsay,
what he or the translator calls "four com-
panies of the Scots Greys" "escaied" from

188
Nek. Tho conduct the colonel
of
Niti-al's
commanding the Scots Greys was the subject
of censure in tho two inquiries, but it was on
tho ground that he had not done all that might
have been done to assist the Lincolns, and we
believe that the Scots Greys maintained their
position on the hills at the side of Nitral's
Nek until after the retirement of tho Boers.
Some may have "escaped," but certainly not
four squadrons nor even four troops. The
author also fully describes the surprise of
Nooitgedacht, and he, we believe justly, claims
credit for the Boers for having attacked in
the open some hundreds of the Northumber-
land Fusiliers, who surrendered to them.
There can be no doubt that Nooitgedacht is
one of the regrettable incidents which require
investigation by the Royal Commission.
The seventh volume of the Historical
Records of Neiu South Wales, which deals
with the years 1809-11, reaches us from the
Government Printer at Sydney. It is edited
by Mr. F. M. Bladen, and appears to be a
thoroughly creditable production, of which
the index is notably good. The volume deals
with a painful period of the history of New
South Wales, and it requires some courage in
the local government to print these docu-
ments. On the other hand, so many rumours
still exist in Sydney of a description unpleasant
to living persons as affecting their near
ancestors, that it is well that the facts should
be established. We have often heard it said,
for examjDle, that the famous reformer Mr.
W. C. Wentworth was of low birth and the ; of Lord Ripon, and the excellence of Lord
best that used to be said of him by his enemies
was that he had been a private soldier. It
seems clear from the documents here published
that he had been originally sent out to the
colony under perfectly creditable circum-
stances, and that even the statement as to his
connexion with the army was a mistake, based
no doubt upon the fact that he had received
a commission as provost-marshal, this, how-
ever, being at the time a civil appointment.
The main facts in the life of ~W. C. Wentworth
are correctly set forth in the Dictionary of
'
National Biography.'
Harper & Brothers publish in " Harper's
International Commerce Series The United '
'
Kingdcm and its Trade, by Mr. Harold Cox, a
well-executed compilation from our statistics
both of trade and of matters which bear on
trade, such as public income, expenditure,
and debt. The book is not only accurate so
far as we have tested the figures, but also to
some extent novel in its treatment of the
matters concerned. As regards expenditure,
it would perhaps have been well to point
out that when we make any comparison
between our own and that of foreign countries
we must remember that with us the military
expenditure not only of India and of the self-
governing colonies, but of the Crown colonies,
is outside our accounts, with the exception of
a portion of the Crown colony expenditure
while in the case of other empires possessing
colonies the accounts of the mother country
show the whole expenditure. Moreover, our
Civil Service votes contain a considerable
amount of military expenditure as, for
example, that for the Foreign Office wars in
British East Africa, in Somaliland, and else-
where. On p. 137, under the head 'Debt
Charge,' the figures in the column Eeduc-
tion of Capital for 1901-2 are, of course,
' Still, as a popular account of what has been
affected by the war debt alluded to on other
pages, but not at this point.
The Lake of Palms, translated into English
by Romesh Dutt, CLE. (Fisher Unwin), is a
story of Bengal village life which appeared
originally
_" under the title of Sansar,' in 1885. It
in Calcutta, '
isnow offered to English readers in an English garb,
with some necessary alterations, as a slight effort
towards the lifting of that curtain which veils the
inner life of the people of India from the West."
; ;
THE ATHEN^UM
Not having read Sansar,' we cannot say if
' ment, though
the translation is good, but if it finds English
readers, as it well deserves to do, the author's
aspiration should be realized. For the tale as
told has a wide human interest, and may be
enjoyed by those who have never seen India,
whilst those acquainted witli that country will
recognize fidelity of description of men and
women, of pilgrimages, and of villages and cities
great and small, worldly and holy. With this
truth there is combined much idealization, but
possibly not more than is necessary for English
readers. The idea throughout is apparently to
show how hardly certain caste customs press on
individuals, and how, under a benevolent Eng-
lish rule and education, Hindus are gradually
emancipating themselves. In this case child
marriage or betrothal and the disabilities of
widowhood form the theme. Sudha, the
heroine,
"became a wife at ten and a widow at twelve.
'Wife' and 'widow' were mere words to her; she
heard them, but did not comprehend what they
meant. Child-widow, she came to her married
sister's house, and threw aside the veil and wifely
decorations to take again her toys and play with her
kitten as beseemed the child that she was."
The hero Sarat, a very favourable specimen of
Anglicized young Bengal, falls in love with this
girl, whogrowsup to be beautiful and attractive ;
their trials and sorrows are many and deep, but
eventually vanish and all is well. Around this
story are hung, but not so obtrusively as to
spoil it, musings with method concerning
English administration in India, the wisdom
Cornwallis's "permanent settlement," which,
it is hinted, has successfully averted famine for
the last hundred years. "The volume is light
and pleasant to read and to hold, creditable
alike to author and publisher.
Submarine Warfare, Past, Present, and
Future. By Herbert C. Fyfe. (Grant Richards.)
Mr. Fyfe is an enthusiast in his subject, and
though he writes with more zeal than know-
ledge, he has succeeded in compiling an inte-
resting handbook of all that is known as well
as of much that is not known of this novel mode
of attack and defence at sea. We may, at least,
be quite sure that the case for submarines is
put in the most favourable light, and are
therefore entitled to say that whilst no one
will attempt to deny the vast and even terrible
possibilities which the future may realize,
it is premature to claim for the subma-
rines of the present any very important in-
fluence on naval operations. For the sub-
marine, when submerged, is blind it is as
helpless at sea as would be a lonely traveller
;
on an unknown moor on a pitch dark night
and as yet all the devices to enlighten its
path, or to enable it to see, are mere ingenious
experiments of no practical utility. Ventila-
tion is another difficulty which has by no
means been overcome to the extent that Mr.
Fyfe seems to think; though, indeed, amid
the numerous and often contradictory reports
which he has culled from newspapers, and pre-
sents to his readers unsifted, it is not always
easy to say what he thinks. This is especially
noticeable in the accounts of the celebrated
trial of the Gustave Zede at Ajaccio,
which we might almost be led to believe
was a genuine and most important success,
did we not know from other sources that
' it was very much of a " put-up job."
done in the past by submarines with which,
in literal though not in technical accuracy,
torpedoes are grouped the book will be found
interesting and if in forecasting for the
;
future there is an appai'ent desire to make the
reader's flesh creep, some readers may be that
way given and prefer it. The want of an
index is a grave fault.
In The Night Side of London, by Robert
Machray, with illustrations by Tom Browne
(Macqueen), may be found some entertain*
;'
N''3902, Aug. 9, 1902
its fatuous cover does not com-
mend But, at the risk of being considered
it.
ungracious, the reviewer must add that there
ought to have been a great deal more fascina-
tion than there is, and of a finer quality.
"The night side," or, for that matter, any
other side, of London life is a romantic sub-
ject, as many of our greatest writers have
shown. Tho night side of London, treated
in the spirit of a paragraph in a " Society
paper," is not agreeable. Stevenson once
asked his readers to conceive of "chiropody
treated with a leer." Such treatment reminds
us of some things here. The chapter called
'
In tho Streets is better, as, indeed, are all
'
those which deal with the very poor classes
and the accounts of the more Bohemian clubs
are veracious. The In Society'
section is'
absurd, with its "high Sassiety," the
"Duchess of Blankshire's ball," and the rest
of the stock properties of this kind of
journalese. The chapters which deal with
boxing generally, and the National Sporting
Club in particular, are genuine, sensibly
written, and of interest. The Masked Ball' '
chapter is silly, and, we think, unwise in its
jocose countenancing of callow youths w-ho
make fools of themselves. There are illustra-
tions upon nearly every page of the book, and
almost all of them have humour. But when
one thinks how whimsically and pleasantly
those illustrations might have been treated in
the letterpress, and what a wealth of interest-
ing contemporary lore the subject offers to
students, one cannot but regret that the artist
has not been better served by the author.
Captain John Broivn of Harper's Ferry. By
John Newton. (Fisher Unwin.) Mr. Newton
has written a very good and interesting
life of the famous John Brown, whose raid
on the arsenal at Harper's Ferry he rightly
regards as "a preliminary incident to the
great Civil War of America." It is true, of
course, that the Civil War was not formally
undertaken for the purpose of abolishing
slavery, just as the war which has now closed
in South Africa was not formally undertaken
for the consolidation of the British Empire.
But in each case the underlying purpose
was greater than the nominal and immediate
reasons which precipitated a conflict, and in
each ease the true objects of the war were
made perfectly clear before the last shots
were fired. The real meaning of Brown's
unsuccessful raid was well expressed in the
sermon which Wendell Phillips preached over
his grave:
"He has abolished slavery in Virginia. You may
say this is too much. Our neighbours are the last
men we know. The hours that pass us are the ones
we appreciate the least. Men walked Boston streets
when the night fell on Bunker's Hill and pitied
Warren, saying, 'Foolish man! Thrown away his
life! Why didn't he measure his means better ?
We see him standing colossal that day on that blood-
stained sod, and severing the tie that bound Boston
to Great Britain. That night George III. ceased to
rule in New England. History will date Virginian
emancipation from Harper's Ferry. True, the slave
is still there. So, when the tempest uproots a pine
on our hills, it looks green for months, a year or two.
Still, it is timber, not a tree. Thus has John
Brown loosened the roots of the slavery system.'"
Mr. Newton, who mainly follows Sanborn,
has placed the true bearing of John Brown's
life on the slavery question in a proper historic
light. His little book is very readable, and
draws a picture of a strenuous life which
would be worth understanding even if it had
not thus been involved with great events. We
may quote a striking story which one of
Brown's sons told of his father's methods of
family education :
"He finally grew tired of these frequent slight
admonitions for my laziness and other shortcomings,
and concluded to adopt with me a sort of book
account, something like this :
John, Dr.
For diaobeying mother 8 lashes.
For unfaithfulness at work... 3 ,,
for telling a lie 8 ,,


N3902, Aug. 0, 1902 THE A T H E N iE U I\I 180

This account he showed me from time to time. Ou Wells (H. G.). Thp Sea Lady, cr. Svo, (V poet of England, aha in the cluii,ter, 1400 but
a certain Sunday morning he invited me to accom- Writers' Year-Book, Ii>02, Svo, sewed, 1/6 not.
;

since [i.e., subseiiuently] Nicholas Brighani,

pany liira from the house to the tannery, saying FOREIGN.
that he concluded it was time for ii settlement. We
gentleman, raised a monument in the south
Theology. cro.ss ai.sle of the church."
went into the ujiper or finishing roou), and after a Biihl zur
(E.), Beitriige Geschiclito der Reformation in
long and tearful talk over my faults he again showed Oesterreich, 9m. "His works," Stow goes on to say,
me my account, which e.\hibited a fearful footing Couuort (F.), A travers les Pensionnats de Frfires, 3fr. 50. 'were partly jjublished in jjrint by William Caxton
up of debits. I had no credits or set-offs, and was Hilgenfeld (A.), Ignatii et Polycarpi Epistul.-v et Martyrin, in the reign of Henry VI., increased by VVilliaui
of course bankrupt. I then paid about one-third of 12m. 80. Thinne, Esqtiire, in the reign of Henry V^III. cor- ;

the debt, reckoned in strokes froma nicely-prepared /'ine Art.

recteil and twice increased through mine own
blue-beech switch, laid on 'masterly.' Then, to my Ostini (F. v.), Uhde, Im,
painful labours, in the reign of (}ueeu Klizabelh,
utter astonishment, father stripped off his shirt, and History and Biography. to wit, in the year loiJland again beautified with
;

seating himself ou a block, gave me the whip and Moreau (H.), Sir Wilfrid Laurier, :ifr. 50.
notes by me collected out of divi'rs records and
bade me lay it on to his bare back. I dared not
' '
Geography and Travel. monuments, which I delivered to my loving friend
refuse to obey, but at first I did not strike hard. Lardeur (F. J), Sur les Chemins d'lrlande, .3fr. Thomas Speght and he having drawn the same
;

'Harder,' he saitl, "harder! harder until he re- 1

'
Mager (H.), Le Monde Polynesien, 2fr. into a good form and method, as also e.\plained the
ceived the balance of the account. Small drops of Philology. old and obscure words, kc, hath published them iiv
blood showed on his back where the tip end of the Franke (R. O.), Pali u. Sanskrit in ihrem historischen u. geo- anno l.M)7.''
tingling beech cut through. Thus ended the account graphischen Verhiiltiiis dargestellt, 6m.
and the settlement, which was also my first practical Schwally (F.\ Kitab al-MahSsin val-Masavi, Part ,3, 12m. Now Stow, born in 1525, would about the-
illustration of the doctrine of the AtonemeDt.''
Sethe (K.), Das iigyptische Verbum, Vol. 3, 16m. time Brigham raised the monument which we
Mr. Newton's little book deserves to be
Science.
Schneider (K. C), Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Histologie
still see
be some thirty years old, and, we may
be sure, already deeply interested in the great
read by all who care to study the material of der Tiere, 24m.
General Literature. poet and all that concerned him, as he waa-
which the martyrs of great causes are made. ''
BernSde (A.), Nos Grands Mufles, 3fr. 50. I^resumably bu.sy "correcting "and "increasing
Cabs (M.), Fleur de Gr^ve, 3fr. 50.
To the new edition of The Celtic Twiliyht Goron et Gautier (fi.). Detectives et Bandits Scientifiques,
his Works. But we believe there is no cor-
(Bullen)Mr. Yeats has added somepieces, which 3fr. 50. roboration to be found anywhere for this placing
are equally characteristic, and reassert the Haraucourt (B.), Les Naufrages, 3fr. 50. Chaucer's first interment in one of the cloister
eternal reality of romance. In particular the walks, and there is evidence that, far from
long rambling stream of fairy narrative A QUESTION OF FACTS. corroborating, is directly contradictory. We
entitled Dreams that have no Moral
'
is a '
Evelyn Avenue, Bloomfield, Belfast, July 2l8t, 1902.
26, have no explanation at present to offer of this
thing to be thankful for to-day. Mr. Yeats's Mr. J. Horace Round's plaint touches the
error as certainly it can be shown to be and
writing has wonderful charm in this book, hem of a grievance that has long perturbed the might be content to remark of its maker,
which makes us wonder that he cares for minds of writers to the magazines on historical " interdum dormitat." But perhaps it may be
politics, which are, we shoiild have thought, subjects. Of a surety no delver into the past is noticed that other contributions of Stow to our
aeither merry, nor weird, nor exhilarating to insane enough to hope for copyright in facts, knowledge of Chaucer and his writings have
the spiritually minded. but most of us think that where a certain col- not met with final acceptance have, in
Sladen's London and its Leaders (Sands & location of little-known circumstances permits fact, been summarily rejected. Of Speght's
of certain important deductions, the result, in edition, " usually spoken of as having been
Co.), opening with several pages of illusti-a-
tions of society beauties, would seem to the terms stated, should remain the property of edited by Stow," Prof. Lounsbury observes :

concern the world of fashion more than that of the arranger. Too often the journalist of to-day, " It seems rather to have been merely a publica-
in writing "hurriedly of many subjects of tion of the booksellers to which that antiquary was-
literature. It is, however, a useful record authorized to add productions of the poet that he
of all sorts of workers as well as frivolous which he knows little," turns to the nearest
found still unprinted. [It will have been seen Stow
folk. There are several good photographs of
'
Index to Periodicals,' and, having quickly claims to have done rather more tlian Mr. Louns-
London scenes by wav of conclusion. tracked his prey, bolts it wholesale. Some time bur)' gives him credit for.] It did not differ, at
back I myself had to complain to the learned least to any marked extent, from the preceding col-
editor of an important London paper regarding lections l)y changes made in the text but the whole ;

LIST OF NEW BOOKS. the conduct of one of his most esteemed con- number
of poems was a good deal augmented. The
ENGLISH. character of most of these additions, however, was-
tributors. In this case vital deductions relative
not such as to inspire confidence in the intelligence
Theology. to a knotty point in theatrical history, such as or the faste of the man who had rescued them from
Mxcleay (K. A.), The Never-Changing Creed, or. 8vo, 2 6 were arrived at only after years of patient the oblivion into which they had fallen. John Stow
Kae (H. R.K How Jeeua handled Holy Writ, cr. 8vo, 2/6
Robinson J. i A ), The Study of the Gospels, cr. 8vo, 2/6 net. research, were reproduced as originally written, was indeed what our fathers used to call a 'painful
Philosophy. without the slightest acknowledgment. The antiquary.' Unfortunately his judgment bore little-
Wise The Improvement proportion to his pains. Still, the pieces he added
(3. S ), of the Moral Qualities, 8vo, journalist was frank enough to avow his fault,
5,' net. were received in his time as geuuine without much'
Political Economy.
the editor apologized and the injury remained I
question, and have in some instances come to plaj-
Norton (J. P.), Statistical Studies in the New York Money Nor is the journalist who writes hurriedly " of an important part in the biography and literary
Market, 8vo, 6 net. many subjects of which he knows little " the estimate of the poet."
History and Biography. Considering the conditions of and certainly it
sole offender. So the American scholar ;
Carlyle (T.), The French Kevolution, 12mo, leather, 2,6 net.
Cbarlevoijc (P. F. X. de). History and General Description his work, he is far less culpable than a certain must be allowed that Stow was not a better
of New I" ranee, translated and edited by Dr. J. G. Shea, class of plodding bookmaker. I recall to mind criticof Chaucerian style than his con-
6 vols. imp. 8vo, 70 net.
Kitton (F. G.), Charles Dickens, 8vo, 5/ net.
a so-called theatrical history, flung at an un- temporaries or than hundreds of those that
Mockler-Ferryman (Major A. F.), Annals of Sandhurst, :^; offending public a few months back, in which came after him, down to such a highly cultured
Pedder (H. C), Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, 2 6 net. page after page was unblushingly pilfered from person as the late Dean Stanley, who believed
Source Readers in American History: No. 1, Colonial
Children, annotated by A. B. Hart, cr. 8vo, 2,6 D'Israeli's Curiosities of Literature,' Gibber's
'
The Flower and the Leaf was written by
'
'

Wright (A.) and Smith (P.), Parliament, Past and Present, '
Apology,' and divers other books and maga- Chaucer, and permitted a scene from it to-
Vol. imp. Svo, 7,6 net.
zines, without so much asadistinguLshing quota- appear in a window dedicated to Chaucer. But
I,

Geography and Travel.

Boehm (Sir E. C.>, Over the World, cr. Svo, 6,' tion mark. W. J. Lawren( e. a man may be of slight importance as an arbiter
Ireland, Industrial and Agricultural, Svo, 5/ net. of resthetical (juestions and yet an effective
McEvoy (B.), From thf Great Lakes to the Wide West reporter on matters of fact. The point now at
cr. Svo, 6/ net.
Philology.
THE GRAVE OF CHAUCER. issue is merely one of fact, and one on which
Schuyler (M.), Index Verborum of the F^igmfnts of the King's College, London. we should expect Stow to be thoroughly accu-
Avesta, gvo, ^.6 net. the statement that Chaucer was first buried
As rate ;
"his word no man relies
but as to it,
Science.
in the cloisters of Westminster Abbey has lately on," for other men, and of older date, say
Beckett (E ), The Book of the Strawberry, cr. Svo 2 6 net
Berkeley (Dr. H. R.) and Walker (W. M.).' Practical been remade and is not without authority, differently.
Receipts for the Manufacturer, the Mechanic, and
for though in this case the authority seems untrust- Caxton informs us that Chaucer was buried
Home Use, Svo, 7,'6 net.
Logan (J ), School and Examination Book-keeping,
worthy, and as in many handbooks there is in fr(mt of St. Benedict's Chapel and at ;
2/6
Ma8ee(G.;, European Fungus Flora Agaricaceic, 6/ net : some uncertainty as tf) the translation of his Caxton's request Stephanus Surigonius com-
Reed'.s Practical Guide to the
remains, it may be well briefly to consider what
'
Electric Installation of
Steamers, t,y A. Harlow, cr. Svo, .3, net. posed some elegiac lines, which were "wret(n.
Young (A. V. E.), The KlemenUry Principies of Chemistry evidence there is on this subject and even ;
on a table hongyng on a pylere by his
those who are well informed may be interested
'
cr. Svo, h net.
Ziwet (A ), An Elementary sepulture." The grave was plain and simple at
Treatise on
Mechanics, Svo. 21 net.
Theoretical in the illustrative passages it is now proposed that time, probably marked only by an inscribed
General Literature. to quote, one at least of which will be new to slab. Surigonius's phrase is " parvus tumulus."
Alexander CMrs.X Stronger than Ijove, cr. Svo, 6/ most people. Hunc l;itiiU,'<i- \iruiii nil. ti tot opurulii vertes,
Cunningham (A. The Chinese .Soldier, and other Sketches
i.
The authority for the statement that he was Dlxeris, cgri-glle (|ii;r dtcorata inodls.
cr. Svo, sewed, .; >! net. Socralis iiinetiiuni vt-l fontes |ililloMoplii,i-,
Gourlay <W.). Oino^ville, cr. Svo, .3,6
originally buried in the cloisters is no les.s a (^iilr(|uid i-l arcani dogmata sHcra fcrunt,
Griffiths (Major A.>. Tales of a Government Official
6/ person than Stow, in a work no less well known Kt qunscunque veils tenuit doclissimus artcs
Harri-son (.Mrs. B.). A Princess of the Hills, cr Svo / II li; vales parvo conditus in Inmulo.
Keary (C. F ), High P.licv, cr. Svo, / and valuable than his 'Survey of London.'
Lewis (F. C. A Modern Monarch, cr. Svo, 6/
, Recording those buried in " this church "i.e., Thelines are given in full in Caxton's edition of
Mordaunt (K , Tbo Garden of Contentment, cr Svo 2/6 Chaucer's Boethins," in Loland's Commentarii
the church of Weatminstcr Abbey Stow names ' '

Nisbet fH ;, Wasted Fire'i, cr. Svo, r<' '

'

do Scriptorilms Britaiinici.s,' and in Speght's-

'

Tytler (S .^ The Courtship of Sarah, cr. Svo, 6/ " HenrieScogan, a learned poet, in the cloister,"
Warden (G.), Beyond the Law, cr. Svo, .3/6 and then "Geoffrey Chaucer, the most famous and Urry's editions of Chaucer's works.
 ;
190
Leland, who died in 1552 some three or four
years before the erection of the monument by
Nicholas Brigham states distinctly enough that
the poet was buried " Visimonasterii in australi
insula basilicic D. Petro sacne " in the south
aisle (he seems to have identified "aisle" and
" isle ""axilla " and " insula "). He quotes
the couplet
OalfriduB Chaucer vates et faina poesis
Materna;, hac sacra Bum tumulatus humo ; bridge applied for a fount of thein in 1692."
and then has a pleasure in giving, as we have
just said, the whole of Surigonius's poem, from
which that couplet is taken. "Juvafc," he
writes, " totam ipsam nreniam quoniam tersa,
canora et rotunda est, in prseaentia recitare. Sic
enim Chaucerus, qui re vera maximus fuit, nobili
itestimonio externi scriptoris major videbitur."
Again, in the dedication and preface printed
in Berthelet's edition of the 'Confessio Amantis,'
1532, it is stated that "the other [Chaucer] lyeth
buryed in the raonasterye of Seynt Peters at
Westmynster in an He on the south syde of the
church."
Thus the evidence for believing that Stow
erred and strayed when he assigned Chaucer's
tirst grave to " the cloister " is irresistible.
Now a few words as to the reinterment in
1555 or 1556. Not that they are necessary, but
I think they may be welcome, as they consist
mainly of quotations, and one of these a quota-
tion of some interest and not made before in
.this connexion, though it appears in Todd's
'
Illustrations of the Lives and Writings of
Gower and Chaucer.' It comes from 'A Dia-
logue both pleasant and pietif ul wherein is a godlie
regiment against the Fever Pestilence,' &c.
a dialogue between Medicus and Crispine,
.printed in London in 1573, the preface signed
W. Bullein. In a vision of the poets Chaucer
ds described in this wise :
" Wittie Chaucer satte in a chaire of gold covered
with roses, writyug prose and rime, accompanied
with the Spirites of many kynges, knightes and
'iaire ladies whom he pleasauntly bespriukeled with
;
the sweete water of the welle consecrated vnto the
Muses, ecleped Aganippe. And as the beauenly
Spirite to wit] commended his deare
[Chaucer,
Brigham fur the worthle entombung of his bones,
ovorthle of memorie, in the long depyng chamber of
QHOste famoui Kinges, even so in tragedie he bewailed
the sodaine [hasty, as in Shakspeare, &c.] resur-
rection of so many a noble man before their time
in spoilyng of epitaphes, wherby many haue loste
their inheritaunce, &c. And further thus he said
Jamentj'ng
:
Ooueteous men do catche all that thei male haue,
The felde and the fiocke, the tombe and the graue.
And as thei abuse riches and their graues that are gone,
The same measure thei shall haue euery one.
Yet no buriall hurteth holie men, though bestes them
deuour
Nor riche graue preuaileth [availeth] the wicked, for all
yearthly power."
That is, Chaucer protests against the rough
way in which many graves have been disturbed
^and rifled a way in such contrast to Brigham's
reverent translation of the poet's bones to
another spot inside the great Abbey Church.
Camden also, a junior contemporary of Stow's
he was born in 1551 and died in 1623, Stow
livingfrom 1525 to 1605 informs us that the
poet's remains were transferred by Brigham
from their original grave to their new and
permanent one. These are Camden's words in
Misdescription of the "Australis plaga Eccleste"
in what is, I suppose, the first handbook to the
Abbey ever published in his Reges, Reginae,
'
Nobiles et alii in Ecclesia Collegiata B. Petri
Westmonasterii sepulti usque
ad annum
reparatfce salutis 1600':
"Galfridus Chaucer Poeta celeberrimus, qui
primus Anglicam Poesin ita illustravit vt Anglicus
Homerus habeatur. Obijt 1400. Anno vero 1555
Nicholaus Brigham Musarum nomine huius ossa
transtulit, et illi novum tuniulum ex marmore
his vcrnbm
inscriptispos7iit"
And then follow the familiar lines beginning
Qui fuit Anglorum vates ter maximus olim,
with the motto "^Erumnarum requies mors,"
and a hexameter to the eflect that ^^ Brigham
THE ATHEN^UM
had undertaken the cost of the new tomb in the
name of the Muses:
N. Brigham hos fecit Musarum nomine sumptus.
John W. Hale.s.
P.S.
Since writing the above I find that the
author of The Life of Chaucer prefixed to
'
'
Urry's edition, 1721, who was none other than
.John Dart, who in later life wrote the famous
'
History of Westminster Abbey (see what he
'
himself says of this life when he describes the
south transept in his great work), corrected
the error which it may now seem Stow adopted
from Fox. After stating that Chaucer was
buried in "the great South Cross aisle," he
adds :
" Some Writers have affirmed that he was first
buried in the Cloysters fa note refers to Fox's
'Acts and Mon.,' IGSi, vol. ii. p. i2], and lay there till
some years after but this is a mistake, for Caxton
:
in his edition of Chaucer (which was long before
the time of his removal, as they place it) says that
he was buried in the Abby [xic] Churcli of West-
minster bef.jre the Chapel of St. Bennet and it is
;
very probable he lay beneath a large stone of grey
marble in the pavement where the monument of
Mr. Dryden now stands in the front of the Chapel,
upon the erecting of which this stone was taken up
and sawed in pieces to make good the pavement.
This seems to answer Caxton's description of the
place."
THK IMPRIMERIB NATIONALE.
The forthcoming demolition of this historic
institution in the Rue Vieille-du- Temple,
Paris, ought not to pass unnoticed in an
English literary journal. We
have nothing of
the same kind in London, though possibly the
Clarendon Press at Oxford comes nearest to it,
in some few respects. The history of the Im-
primerie Nationale is long and interesting.
It was founded by Fraugois I., who appointed
Conrad Neobar the ofBcial printer of books in
Greek; in 1539 Robert Estienne became the
king's printer of Latin and Hebrew. They
were, perhaps, rather printers to the king
as distinguished from the heads of a royal
printing establishment. Louis XIII. intro-
duced a printing office into the Louvre, and it
is to him, perhaps, rather than to Francois I.,
that tlie French national printing establish-
ment is due. During the Revolution the
word "Royale" was changed into " R4pub-
lique," and the business was transferred first
to the Hotel Beaujon, then to the Hotel Pen-
thievre, and then in 1808 to the present build-
ing, which was erected in 1712 by Armand
Gaston, Cardinal de Rohan, Bishop of Stras-
bourg, who achieved a second distinction in
becoming a member of the Academie Frangaise
without having published anything. Later on
another cardinal of the same family, Louis
Rend, Prince de Rohan-Gu{5mdne, resided here,
and it was this unscrupulous scoundrel who
forged the signature of the queen, and thus
started the affair of the diamond necklace.
For many reasons the disappearance of the
national printing house will not be regretted,
above all from its insanitary state: it has
become almost a plague-spot, not only to those
who work in it (some 1,500 in number), but also
to those who live in the immediate quarter. The
old building is to be pulled down, the space
which it occupies will be sold for the benefit
of the city at large, and the new printing
offices will be at Grenelle.
The literary associations of the Hotel de
Rohan would fill a large volume. As a printing
establishment it has been described by a
Frenchman as the first in the world, although
by "moude" a Frenchman should be inter-
preted as meaning France. It claims to con-
tain founts of at least 158 different Oriental
languages or dialects. When Pope Pius VII.
visited the printing office the Lord's Prayer
: was printed and presented to him in 150 lan-
guages, a truly wonderful achievement at
that time but in 1891 an English firm of
;
printers, Messrs. Gilbert & Rivington, pro-
duced a volume with the Lord's Prayer in
N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
300 languages. The typographical curiosities
in the building arc naturally of a very varied
and interesting nature selections have been ;
frequently lent for public exhibition, as at the
great show of two years ago. One of the most
interesting is the set of matrices of Greek
characters, known as the "Grec du lioi,"
engraved by order of Fran(;ois I., and " so
perfect in form that the Universitj' of Cam-
The Iinprimerie Nationale has during the
last 260 years produced some of the most
splendid monuments of typography since the
introduction of printing. Its two editions of
the Imitation de .I<3sus Christ are triumphs :
'
'
with the beautiful folio of 1610, produced
under the patronage of Cardinal Richelieu,
the Imprimerie Royale proper made an excel-
lent start but this was improved upon in
;
1855, when the Imprimerie Imperiale pro-
duced an edition to celebrate the great
exhibition of that year. Magnificently
printed, with elaborate borders and initial
letters exquisitely illuminated in gold and
colours, it remains one of the most pei'fect
books of the last half-century. Only 103
copies were printed, at a cost, it is said, of
1,500,000 francs, or about 5821. 10s. per copy.
At one time it sold readily at 1001. and
upwards, but its value to-day in England is
not much more than a twelfth of that amount.
Following the earlier edition of the Imita- '
tion came the equally beautiful edition of
'
Virgil, 1641, in folio, sought after as a speci-
men of typography Horace, Juvenal, Persius,
;
and Terence were issued from the same press,
and have also dropped in commercial value
" ils etaient beaucoup plus chers autrefois,"
laments Brunet. Two editions of the Latin
Bible were produced one in eight volumes, :
folio, in 1642, and the other in two volumes,
quarto, in 1653. The edition in thirty-seven
volumes, folio, of the Conciliorum Omnium '
'
Generalium et Provincialium Collectio Regia
appeared in 1644 and an edition of the
;
*
Metamorphoses of Ovid, with illustrations
'
by Le Clerc, F. Chauveau, and J. Le Pautre,
in 1676. These are a few of the more
important books issued during the first half-
century of the existence of the Imprimerie
Nationale as a Government institution. Under
the Revolution it published the Collection '
Generale des Lois, Proclamations, Instructions
et autres Actes du Pouvoir Executif,' in
eighteen volumes, quarto, and generally known
in France as the Collection du Louvre.'
'
Its more recent books include Le Livre des '
Rois the ' Bliagavata
' ; Les Monuments '
;
'
de Ninive'; the * Commentaires de Cesar,'
produced on the occasion of the Exposi-
tion of 1867 the Moliere to signalize that of
;
1878 ; Michelet's Histoire de la Revolution,'
'
for the Exhibition of eleven years later the ;
'Corpus InscriptionumSemiticarum '; and last,
but by no means least, the sumptuous His- *
toire de rimprimerie en France.'
W. RoBErvTS.
EDMUND PYLE, D.D.
In answer to Mr. Rushforth, the letters of
Dr. Pyle, one hundred and fifteen in number,
are addressed to my maternal great-grand-
father Samuel Kerrich, D.D., vicar of Der-
singham and rector of Wolferton and of West
Newton, and cover the period, from 1729 to
1763. They are part of a large collection
forming the continuous correspondence of the
Rogerson, Gooch, Postlethwaj't, and Kerrich
families, dating from 1675 to 1828, a few single
The entire
letters being earlier, up to 1633.
series has been arranged by me in twenty-
eight folio volumes, the whole comprising about
6,000 letters. The earlier portion includes
the correspondence of John Postlethwayt,
chief master of St. Paul's School, with his
relatives and pupils. To the exertions of this
eminent scholar is due the establishment by
 '

N-^ 3902, Am;. 9, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 191

Of "Dantist" kyngys officers sclmlde come to the chcrcho an(}

William III. of the Arabic scholarships (Lord have found an instance as
I
fechc hym owte and yf yt were a mou he schuli'i

Almonei's), now tlie professorships, at the two early as William Barker's 'Fearful! :
15(i8 in
be hengyd and yf it were a woman fche schul(?c be
Universities, tie was a friend of Mr, Evelyn, Fansies of the Florentine Gouper,' which is a brent, and so the die rche schulde 8to[ii]de suspends
and conspicuous among the letters of his pupils translation of Gelli's ' Gapricci del Bottaio.' tyl the tyine it were haledyd of a byaceope.
is a very long series from John Wallis (not the Barker coins the word (fol. 20) to represent [A space.]
mathematician), a friend of Addison, who, it Gelli's "Dantista," which on a previous Also the[rl schulde no comoner in thjs londe ete
occasion he had turned by the phrase " a scholer no white hrcile, pullet, capun, pigge, g(;ose, vele ue
appears, was in the habit of submitting his
" (fol. 8). motoun but iiij tymys in tho yere: That is to sey
Latin compositions to Wallis for emendation of Dant Grystemas day, Ester day, Whittsonday, and the
and criticism. This is hardly tho occasion Thomas Campbell, Life and Times of
in his '
dedicacion day of the chirche.
for even the most succinct note upon so long Petrarch,' published 1841, uses the terms
in Also ther sclmlde no comener in thys londe were
a series of letters, but it may bo stated, as " Danteist "and " Danteism " (vol. ii. pp. 356 7), no cloth of colouvbut he niygb[t] spendt* xZ/. yerely ;
to their descent, that connexions by mar- neither of which i.s registered in the New Eng- '
and thije poyntys, with other mo, were the jioyntes
that same Thomas of Cau ntcrbury suitred martyrdom
riages account for tho Kogerson, Gooch, and lish Dictionary.' Byron, in a letter to Murray for.
Postlethwayt portions successively passing to of April yth, 1820, coins the word "Danticles" M. B.
the younger branch of tho Kerrich family, (no doubt on the analogy of " Canticles ") as a
Sanuiel Kerrich having married the heiress of convenient term for his Dantesque pieces, the
Matthew, nephew of John Postlethwayt. The '
Prophecyof Dante and ' Fanny of Rimini
'
SHAIvSPEARE: A SEVENTEENTH- CHNTURY
marriage of my father with the youngerdaughtor ALLUSION.
(as he called his translation of the Paolo and British Museum.
of Thomas Kerrich, also vicar of Dersingham, Francesca episode). Thefollowing allusion to Shakspeare in a
and only son of Samuel, and the consignment Of " Dantean " (of which the earliest example series of satirical stanzas set to music and com-
of the letters to me thirty years ago complete in the New English Dictionary
'
is dated 1850)
'
posed about the year 1669 seems to be hitherto
the story. It may be stated that the corre- I have as yet found no instance. unnoticed, and, like all mentions of him in the
spondence of Samuel Kerrich, 1716-67, fills Paget Toynbee. seventeenth centuiy, is interesting (Harl. MS.
five, and that of his son, dating from 1767 to
6947, f. 401) :
182S, nine volumes. The interest of the latter
series is considerable, inasmuch as it com- THE POINTS AT ISSUE BETWEEN HENRY II. To heauen once ther caime a poett/a frend of mine swore
hee did know itt
prises the long correspondence with Balme, AND BBCKBT. No sooner ther butt hee did cale/the aengills liltell Cupitts-
Douce, Cole, the two Heys, the Hostes, In the Trinity College, Dublin, MS. E. 5, 10, all
Ther haleluiaes sunge in time butt angry cause itt was not
Samuel Lysons, Dean Milner, Charles f. cxxxi., a book of historical collections made rime
Stothard, Henry Petrie, and other antiquaries in the fifteenth century, there is an amusing And when ther prayers they did rehorse hee wondred that
and connoisseurs. With regard more strictly was not verse
is [sic}
specimen of ecclesiastical history as it may be Seeing sutch gloris hee did aske whether twe re notatwelpU
to the point which Mr. Rushforth verj' fairly written. One tissue of lies from start to finish, night mask.
raises
namely, whether any previous use has the document yet deserves to see the light Then hee satt downe vppon a bench askt for a tauerne ami
been made of the Pyle letters in my possession as a choice example of historical imagina- a wench
I have no doubt whatever, for reasons too long tion. Commentary is superfluous, but one What sports they had ther in thor dayes and who eatcli
terme did wright new playes
to give here now, that those in question have would like to know whether the fees, here What joyes to sencis great delights and how they past long
never before seen the light. The letter about named with so much precision as paid to tho winters nights
the Hessians in my collection is dated Septem- king, were being paid in the fifteenth century
In sweet discorce tongs best depaints the ould wines tales of
liues of saints
ber 21st, 17.56, and contains no allusion to to such persons as, say, the inventor of these Butt had no aunser mayd him there wondred wher all his
gout. And as to Richards's specimen of Pyle falsehoods. ould frends weare.
containing an account of the Lynn election of No companey ther hee then did jeere the shepperds
store of
ArticiiU S. Thome
fantyarietisis episcopi.
1747, such a description would not have been fishermen
Yeschulle vnderston how that Kynge Harry ))a
And asked wher the good fellowes bee and could not one
sent to Samuel Kerrich, who lived only nine secunde at liis paralament at Xorthehami)ton made jentillman see
miles off at Dersingham, and was probably a blanks charter and commaudyd all the lordes of Swore that the place was dull so fell from thence to Lusefer
himself present at the scene. I find, however, tlie londe to jiiite to Iheyre Scales. The glorious in hell
ma[r]ter sayut Thomas was bode to pute to bis seal Ould Chauser mett him in great state Spenser and Johnson
a racy account of the Lynn election of January, at the gate
1756, beginning, " The People of Lyn are very & be sayde nay, telle that he harde ye pc[ijnte3 that Beamou and Flettchers witt mayd one butt Shakspeer*
fine People
as] a Man wou'd wish to stick a
scliulde be wrytyn in the sayde charter.
The fyrst poynt* (sic) was this that yere schulde
witt did goe aloane.

Knife into," with a capital critiqiie of "Old :

Butt ther the poetts nothing lack they had burnt Claritt
no prest, ue clerke, monke, chanoun, ne frere, and rauld sack
British Horace," and his truckling to the no more reuerence then another seculer monf And for a rasher of the coales the had good tuff vsercr*
Government for the peerage he " asked for." haue. Also there schulde no abot, prior, parson, sooles
A. Haktshornk. vicary. parachyach prest, aske no dowtes ne thithea And neuer ther did want a tire to light ther pipes to ther
owfe or holy cherch yat longeth to the chercbe, desire
Will Dauenants health they drunke amaine to all the poet*
and yf J he dyd, he schulde be put in a prison twel- of the trayne
"DANTESQUE," "DANTIST," &.C., IN THE mouthys and a day, and yput to the dethe. By no meanes they would goe from thence drunke a full
'NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY.' Also ther schulde no commenez set his chjide to quart to his exselence.
Dornej- Wood, Burnliam, Bucks, July 30th, 1902. scole tyjl he payde to the kynges xxcer.
Edward J. L. Scott, D.Litt.
The earliest example of the word "Dantesque" Also ther schulde no clerke take no orderig to be
in the New English Dictionary is dated 18.33
' '

;
prest unto the tyme he had payde to the kynge for
the earliest of " Dantist " is as recent as 1889. ye fyrst tonsure xii^/. For thesecunde ii-y. Subdeken SALE.
vi.v. viii^Z. For the decoun, noblis.ij and the seounde
In the course of my reading for my projected Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodok
day after he was made prest, xx.s\
'Dante in English Literature from Chaucer to included in their last sale of tho sea.son the
Also ther sclmlde no man ne woman be bured in
Gary I have come across earlier instances of
'

holy cherch graund but he payd for euery fote following important books Isaac Watts's:

both of these words. The earliest example of that he brake of grownde iiii^Z. to the kynge. Divine Songs, first edition, presentation copy
" Dantesque " I have discovered, so far, occurs Elizabeth Abney, 1715, 155/. Boni-
Also yf the husbonde were dede befor Iiys wyfe, to
in Joseph Forsyth's Remarks on Antiquities,
'
ys gocles scliulde be departyd in iii partes. 'Ibe fyrst facius VIII., Decretales, Mentz, P. Sehoffer,
Arts, and Letters, durincr an Excursion in Italy part to the kynge. The secunde to the lorde of the 1465, 40/. The Germ, 4 original numbers,
in the Years 1802 and 180.3,' a work which was frauncheCs). The thryde to brynge the corse vnto 1850, 35/. Drayton's Polyolbion, both
first published in 1813. the erthe. So that liys wyfe ne liys clulderyn
In his chapter on the parts, 161:J-22, 44/. lO.s. Lydgate's Fall
schulde haue iie goodes that was hys but a sengle
Italian theatre Forsyth, speaking of A16eri,
garment to keuer theyre bodyes withall. of Princes, MS. on vellum, fifteenth cen-
describes his style as " inverted, broken, and tury, 51/. I. Watts's Hone Lyrica*, first
Also ther schulde no cowple be weddyd in holy
obscure full of ellipses, and elisions, .speckled
;
chercbe but they payde xv. to the kynge. edition, presentation copy, 1706, 59/. ;
even to affectation with Dantesiine terms" (ed. Also ther schulde no cliilde be crysten but he Original MS. of Four Sermons, 1705, 57/. A ;

1835, p. 60). From the fact that Forsyth payde vv. to the kynge. Treatise of Humane Reason, 1675, Dr. Watts'*
prints the word in italics it would appear that Xe the inoder be puryfyed but sche payde iii.v. copy, 25/. Goldsmith's Citizen of tho World,,
he regarded it as a neologism, or at any rate as to the kynge. first edition, original boards, 1762,95/. Horic-
not yet naturalized. A few years later, in 1817, Ne the cliilde be confin-iiiyd of the bysschop but B.V.M., MS. on vollum, linoly illuminated,
Coleridge in a letter to Cary speaks of the latter's the fader and the nioder payde iii*. to the kyngi;. presented to Cauon .Iciikins l)y .John Kuskiii,
translation of the Commedia as being " Dant-
' '
Also in case yat any mannes chiide were Siec. XV., 3801. Savonarola, Sopra 1 dicci
esque," and he uses the same term of it in murtherde or had myscheuus dethe within flie age Commandamonti, cuts, 1495, 36/. Milton's
2
another letter to Gary written shortly after- of vii 3ere thoi" necligence of fader or nioder, tlie Poems, first edition, 1645, 85/. Cowley's
wards. The word does not seem to have existed fader schulde be hangyd and the moder brent for Lycidas, 1638,.
Poetical Blossoms, 1633, 35/.
ther owne chiide.
in English in the sixteenth century, for John 199/. Whitney's Clioice of Embloms, 15S6,.
Also if any man or woman had do any furfet
Florio, in his 'Second Frutes.' published in
ayciist the temporall lawc and they liad toke grytli<[
32/. Cato Major, by B. Franklin, 1711,.
1591, uses " dantish " (of which I have met with in holy cherclie in cavynge of theyre iyvyf, the 65/. Boroughbridgo Jtoll of Arms, 1322,
no other example, and which is not recorded in 95/. Sarum Missal, Venot., Hertzog,^
the New English Dictionary ') to render " dan-
' * MS. "ponyt." ^ Kxchequer. 1191, 3K0/. Kstampcs en Coulour.s, 1885-8,
MS. repeats " schulde." y.is. id.
Engravings from Sir T. Lawrence'*
t 1
tesco " (p. 47>. MS. "y.' % Sanctuary. 40/.
:

192
Works, 50 open-Iettor proofs, Graves (1841),
lOi. Shakespeare's Plays, second edition,
with the Sincthwick imprint, 1G32, (515i.
another, with ordinary imprint, GOf. Caxton's
The Koyal Book, 1487-8, l,400i. Reynolds's
Engravings, 3 vols., 25L 10s. Cowley's Poems,
set to music by Wm. King, 1068, 23L Henry
Vaughan's Silex Scintilians, H')50, 211. Pope's
Rape of the Lock, 1714, 361. Lancelot du
Lac, Paris, P. Lc Noir, 1533, 291.
UtteratB Gossip.
Nowthat the " dreadful trial of our king-
dom's king " is past, we hope that all will
.go well in the coronation which is to take
place to-day. Meanwhile we may recall a
tradition concerning Victoria's coronation.
There was, it is said, a flutter of green
leaves visible in the Abbey, a large number
of the congregation being occupied in con-
sidering a number of Pickwick,' which '
was then appearing in green wrappers.
novelist secures such a tribute as that to-
day, or is likely to in an age which prefers
magazine literature, if it can be called
literature.
Henry Seton Merriman's new
' The
Vultures,' will be published by Messrs.
Smith, Elder & Co. on the 21st inst. The
"Vultures" are men in the service of the
Governments, whose mission it is to find
themselves where things are stirring to be
at the seat of war. The scene is laid chiefly
in Poland, shortly after the tripartite divi-
sion of that unhappy country by Russia,
Prussia, and Austria and the motif is pro-
;
vided by the plots of Prince Bukaty and
his fellow- conspirators for the re-establish-
ment of Poland as a kingdom.
Under the title of Ultima Verba Mr. '
Fisher Unwin is about to issue a new
volume in his " Cameo Series." M. de
the author, is a man of over seventy-five
years, and this is his first volume. The
poems are for the most part brief records of
certain moods of thought, written and re-
written till they are the fullest expression of
their idea which can be found by their
writer after more than the allotted three
score and ten years.
Messrs. Dent & Co.'s Christmas books
for the children will include two new addi-
tions to the little series of " Bairns' Books "
'The Book of Shops,' by Miss Clare
Bridgman, and 'The Book of the Zoo,'
by Mr. Walter Copeland and a further
volume of The True Annals of Fairyland'
'
in The Eeign of King Oberon,' edited by
' on leaving the sea is recorded, but total
Mr. Walter Jerrold. All three books will
be illustrated by Mr. Charles Robinson,
who is one of the best hands at this sort of
thing.
A
DIARY kept by Edward Williams, the
friend of Shelley and his companion in
death, has been brought to light by a
grandson of Williams. It will be published
by Mr. Elkin Mathews, and introduced by
Dr. Garnett.
An early issue of the Atlantic Monthly
will contain a paper
on Charles Dickens,
written by Mrs. Meynell during her recent
^isit to the United States.
Sir Edward Hertslex, the editor of the
^Foreign Office List,' and former librarian
of the Office, was in
Foreign Office from 18-10
;,
THE ATHEN^UM N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
which he had nearly completed
latter date Funds by Local Authorities (1*. Id.); and
forty years' service as librarian. His Map '
Vol. of the Calendar of the Stuart Papers
I.
of Europe by Treaty and his Map of'
'
belonging to H.M. the King preserved
Africa by Treaty,' as well as Hertslet's '
at Windsor Castle (2. \\d.). These Stuart
Commercial Treaties,' are monuments of his papers were formerly the property of the
ability and zeal and his book of gossip, titular King James III. They were acquired
;
which we reviewed last year, did not by the Prince Regent on two different
detract from the esteem in which he was occasions. The first collection was pro-
always held. The grand-
Hertslets the cured from the Abbe James Waters. The
father, father, and Sir Edward are almost second collection came from the Palazzo
as much associated with the Foreign Office Monseratto, where the papers had lain for
as the Martens family with the Foreign years in an open garret.
Office of Russia.
TheCasentino, or upper valley of the SCIENCE
Arno, a district rich in associations of
is
Dante and others, and of great natural
beauty. Messrs. Dent are shortly provid-
Salmon and Trout. By Dean Sage and
ing a handbook for the traveller who would others.
The Deer Family. By Theodore
Through the Roosevelt and others. " American Sports-
visit this district, entitled '
Casentino,' written by Miss Lina Ecken-
man's Library." Edited by Caspar
stein and illustrated by Miss Lucy du Bois Whitney. (New York, the Macmillan
Reymond. The volume will be similar in Company.)
No
style to the same publishers' " Mediteval The "American Sportsman's Library," which
Town Series." is to consist of ten volumes by experts, will,
We have only just heard of the death of we imagine, be to American sport what
M. Marie Alphonse Rene de Maulde, which the "Badminton Library" is to sport in
we ought to have noticed before. After general, though on a smaller scale and
novel,
studying in the Ecole des Chartes he took more strictly confined to describing the pur-
up an official career, but found time to suit of animals with rifle, gun, or rod, and
to questions concerning their natural his-
write several books distinguished by quali-
Such, at any rate, seems to be
ties rarely seen together grace and erudi- tory.
but
tion, with that ironical lightness which is the present intention, success,
other cases, may lead to expansion. The
as in
characteristic of the best French writing.
His unfinished 'Histoire de Louis XII.,' volume on salmon and trout cannot fail to
Louise de Savoie et Francois I.,' and interest anglers in Britain, for as fishermen
'
Jeanne de France are not so well known in increase they have to go further for fish, and,
' '
this country as his admirable Les Femmes as is correctly stated, " the British posses-
'
sions in North America undoubtedly afford
de la Renaissance,' which we praised
highly, and which appeared in an English the greatest field for the salmon angler of the
translation by Mr. G. H. Ely in December, future of any part of the globe." Many of
'
the rivers there are well known and are let
1900. He was also an accomplished con-
noisseur in art, contributing many studies in the usual way; but there are others,
K in portraits to La Chronique des Arts. chiefly north of the Strait of Belle Isle, on
which a fly has not as yet been cast, and
A PARAGRAPH One of our contem-
in
which promise ere long to be in demand for
poraries states author of "the
that the
salmon fishing. In this book salmon are
articles on the Boer war lately appearing in
the Revue des Deux Monies turns out to be
described under two heads the Atlantic
salmon, which is like our own, and the
General Frey," and the paragraph goes on
Pacific salmon, which is different. Con-
to say that this officer is a candidate for the
cerning the former there is a chapter on its
Academy. We noticed the article of June history and habits, of which as yet, beyond
15th, both
on account of its intrinsic im-
its life in fresh water, English observers
portance and on account of its authorship,
know little, while there is nothing to show
and mentioned that it was by General de
that Americans know more. The seasons
Negrier. The correctness of our statement
of spawning, of return to the sea, and of
is not open to doubt.
ascending rivers no doubt vary, but the
SoiiE fourteenth - century fragments of general habits of the fish are alike on both
the Nibelungenlied have been discovered
'
'
sides of the Atlantic. Their loss of appetite
inside the cover of an old pai'ish register at
Rosenheim. The book which contained this abstinence from food is denied. These
valuable padding dates from the year 1649. facts, which have often been plainly ex-
Herr Eid, the town archivist, after carefully pressed in our columns, are corroborated by
taking the cover to pieces, found seven the experience and knowledge of the author
leaves of parchment, each of which (to
judge from two of the leaves which are
of this chapter.
Respecting rods and tackle the advice
completely uninjured) must have originally given The rod should fit the
sensible.
is
contained twenty-eight lines of manuscript, a gun, a billiard cue,
man, just as
in which the journey to Worms is related. boots should fit
or a pair of and a ;
The other five leaves are imperfect. These common fault is to select a longer and
fragments have been sent to Prof. Braune, heavier one than is necessary. For boat
of Heidelberg, for his inspection and
fishing the author prefers a fifteen-foot rod
report.
by Forrest of Kelso, of the old-fashioned
The Parliamentary Papers of the week type with which he killed many heavy fish.
Memorandum on the Comparative
include a That pattern of rod was very pleasant to
Statistics of Population, Industry, and Com- handle, less fatiguing certainly than the
merce in the United Kingdom and some present make, which is heavier at the top and
the library of the leading Foreign Countries (SjriJ.); Technical thinner at the butt it is not, however, so
;
until 1896, at Education, Return showing Application of useful when switching or Spey-casting. The

N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
chief use of a long rod is to hang the fly
sufficiently far out, and for this purpose,
when one is fishing from the bank, eighteen
feet and occasionally more are necessary for
mere length of casting it is almost safe to say
that a fairly good performer would cast as
far with a rod sixteen or seventeen feet long
as with one two feet longer.
'SVe differ from the author in so far as he
thinks that salmon flies are imitations of
insects common on rivers, and believe it pro-
bable that in the water they more nearly
resemble a shrimp or small fry besides, the
;
motion imparted to them is more like that
of such creatures, whereas a fly usually
floats as current or wind may guide. But,
as he sajs, it is a ticklish matter on which
to express decided opinions or to lay down
hard-and-fast rules and in other details it
; and the wapiti stag a bull elk.
isan unusual pleasure to concur with one
who has evidently brought much power of
observation to bear. One point only is not
mentioned, and as that is of more import-
ance perhaps than either size or colour it
may be desirable to say that the main quality
a fly should have is that of sw'imming well
that is, of maintaining its ideal position, the
barb of the hook remaining truly under the
wings and body. A badly-made fly will
swim on its side, catching none but the most
unsophisticated fish. Thus shape, which
involves true swimming, comes first size,
of great importance, comes next while last
of all comes colour, respecting which the
remarks in the volume under notice are
probably sound. Instructions as to casting,
fishing, striking, playing, and landing the
fish are added, and seem suitable to ordinary
occasions in America. The author records
that the largest salmon he knows to have
been taken by fly " was killed by Mr. Dun
on the Cascapedia some years since, and
weighed fifty-four pounds."
The Pacific salmon, though superior to
their Atlantic brethren in size, number, and
commercial value, are inferior from a sports-
man's point of view. The differences
between these varieties are many and
marked, but the most prominent, perhaps,
is that the Pacific breed die after once
spawning. The authors of the chapter on
them eay :
"Shortly after the spawning act is com-
pleted the fish of both .sexes die. Since coming
mto fresh water, their vitality has gradually
become reduced, the scales have been absorbed,
the fins and tail have become worn off, the skin
has been lost in places which have been covered
with fungus, parasites attack the gills, and
death mercifully ensues.'"
This reads very like a
description of
salmon disease as it is known in Britain,
and it would be interesting to ascertain
how nearly the two maladies coincide.
There are probably fundamental differences,
for in the one case all die, whereas in the
other a gradual change from fresh to salt
water sometimes effects a cure. The salmon
of the Pacific may be caught by trolling a
spoon adorned with a tuft of bright feathers,
or by salmon roe, or by a hook baited with
a sardine or smelt; but the great take of
these fish is by net and all manner of
mechanical appliances. Their numbers are
past comprehension, and their quarters
extend far beyond American coasts some
years ago a description was published of
a shoal on the shores of Sakhalin, where,
THE ATHENiEUM
without appliances, dogs and men drove
the fish ashore, capturing as many as were
desired.
; The second half of this volume is devoted
to the trout of America, and is written by
Mr. William C Harris. It is an excellent,
practical ti-eatise, chiefly valuable because
of the descriptions of the varieties to be
found, and the localities which should bo
visited for their capture. The trout family
is here divided into two main branches,
which are called " salmon - trouts " or
" charr-trouts," according to whether they
come properly under the designation Salmo
or Saheli?ms. Ordinarily no distinction is
made, and the char is called a trout or a
salmon-trout, just as in their deer tribe
Americans prefer to call a bison a buffalo,
One chapter is devoted to the methods of
fishing and equipment, another to casting
the fly, and the final one to fly-tying. It is
not necessary to examine or criticize these
too closely here difference of circumstances
; of time writers and other persons will adopt
probably accounts for divergences from our
accepted ideas. Thus in Britain fly-fishing
ranks first, whilst spinning a minnow,
specially in clear water, is generally held
to require more skill than worm fishing.
Again, for rough worm fishing, whether of
the lowest class in flooded and discoloured
; water or for the scientific form of clear-
; water fishing, no one would willingly use
his fly-rod, thereby putting a delicate article
to coarse use ; a stiff sixteen or even seven-
teen foot rod is found more suitable.
A good deal that is said seems to point
to the present state of education among
American trout being something like it
was here a century or more ago. Then
any bunch of feathers securely tied to the
hook passed for a fly, and to cast it down
stream and drag it up was the accepted
method now trout flies, at any rate, are
;
tolerable imitations of the natural insect,
and whether used dry or wet they are cast
on the water and permitted to go with the
current. The directions for fly-tying and
the illustrations of the flies seem antiquated,
but there is no doubt that in different places
different lures are preferred. The illustra-
tions vary greatly some are artistic, others
: and emergencies which a hunter must be
are purely useful, but all serve their pur-
pose.
We now turn to the volume on the deer
family. It is a great pleasure to read a
description so well arranged and to find the
various questions involved treated with
expert knowledge and literary skill. Those
qualities can be confidently claimed for
the contribution by President Roosevelt,
whose introductory chapter deserves careful
consideration. In it he points out that the
deer tribe furnish the great majority of
game animals which are shot with the rifle
in America, and, being thankful for small
mercies, we congratulate him on having the
boldness to call the different varieties
generally by their proper names, a conces-
sion to English prejudice which, though
altogether desirable, may not be entirely
popular. Concerning tliis matter (and it is
of more importance than may at first be
evident) the author says :
" As regards the nomenclature, we share the
;
trouble encountered by all peoples of European
descent who have gone into strange lands. The
incomers are almost invariably men who are not
193
.icouslomcd to scientific precision of expression.
In South America the Spaniards, for in-
stance, christened lion
'
and tiger tlie great
' ' '
cats which are properly ivuown as cougar and
jaguar. In South Africa tlie Dutch settlers,
who came from a land whore all big game had
long been exterminated, gave fairly grotesque
names to the great antelopes, calling them after
the European elk, stag, and chamoi.s. The
French did but little better in Canada. Even
in Ceylon the English, although belonging for
the most part to the educited classes, did no
better than the ordinary pioneer settlers, mis-
calling the Sambur stag an elk, and the leopard
a cheetah. Our own pioneers behaved in the
same way."
So they did, blundering blindly, but pro-
bably M'ith greater excuse than the other
nations mentioned, for they came from many
coimtries, speaking different languages.
They call their grouse fool-hens, sage-hene,
and prairie-chickens and though doubtless
;
some of these mistakes have taken deep
root, yet it is to be hoped that in course
a more correct nomenclature.
There are also remarks regarding the
loose way in which the word " species" is
used, naturalists even not being agreed as
to what is denoted by the term the same ;
difficulty exists in England, and we sincerely
hope some sensible solution may be found.
It is extremely perplexing to follow different
authors who adopt different views as to the
limits of genera, species, and varieties.
After a brief mention of the principal deer
Mr. Roosevelt, whose oj)inion deserves every
respect, says concerning the most suitable
rifle for the game :
" Nowadays the small-bore, smokeless-powder
rifle is universally used for all the
almost
different kinds ofgame described in this volume.
For deer and antelope the lighter rifles are
amply sufficient. For moose and wapiti the
heavier kinds are preferable not larger bores,
but with a greater quantity of powder and a
longer bullet. The hard, metal jacket of the
bullet should, of course, not extend to the
point in other words the nose should be of
;
naked lead The vital point is not the gun,
but the man behind the gun."
He then enters fully into the difficulties
prepared to meet, and as he brings to his
task the experience of a ranchman, his
remarks are eminently sound and practical.
The rapid disappearance of big game is
noted and lamented but, not contenting
;
himself with that, he appeals to his fellow-
countrymen to " make it our business to see
that the process of extinction is arrested."
His words on this subject are so wise, so
moderate, and so true that they well deserve
to be quoted. Space will not allow this, so
we must condense. He points out that pre-
servation is essentially a democratic move-
ment, but can only be attained by wise laws
and their resolute enforcement. "It is
utterly foolish to regard proper game laws
as undemocratic, unrepublican. On the
contrary, they are essentially in the interests
of the people as a whole," for, if they are
not enforced, the game will become purely
the property of the rich. Then ho considers
tiie solid advantages of big-game shooting
from the standpoint of national character.
For sedentary men it tends to harden the
relaxed fibre, for the soldier it developes
the qualities most required:

194
"A curiou-s
feature of the changed conditions
of modern warfare is that they call, to a much
greater extent than during the two or three
centuries immediately past, for the very qualities
of individual initiative, ability to live and work
in the open, and personal skill in the manage-
ment of horse and weapons, which are fostered
by a hunter's life. No training in the barracks
or on the parade-ground is as good as the train-
ing given by a hard hunting trip in which a
man really does the work for himself, learns to
face emergencies, to study country, to perform
feats of hardihood, to face exposure, and undergo
severe labor Big -game hunting tends to
produce or develop exactly these physical and
moral traits."
Inasmuch as these are the sentiments of a
ranchman, who has served with distinction
as a soldier, and now fills the highest office
in his country, they may command our
respectful attention.
The remainder of Mr. Eoosevelt's contri-
bution, which occupies half the volume,
treats effectively of the various deer of
Northern America, those of the Pacific and
South Coast being described by Mr. T. S.
Van Dyke. In addition to misnaming the
animals or some of them, he has a style
which seems to leave something to be desired.
Of the mule-deer he says: "Mesquite
beans may in places help round out his sleek
sides, while mescal and lechuga may relieve
the monotony of his diet," &c.; and of one
he shot he remarks " Most any one would
:
have taken it for a different deer," &c. Of
the race in general the mule- deer is the
most mischievous :
" Most all deer eat turnips, beans, and a few
other things, and occasionally nip grain. But
the mule-deer will spoil from thirty to fifty
of the largest bunches of grapes in a night, and
later in the season will finish ofiF the leaves and
shoots, besides cleaning up the new wood on
deciduous fruit trees. Apples, Japanese per-
simmons, pears, quinces, almost anything within
reach, he spoils with a single bite and passes on
to another as he does with a bunch of grapes.
Bean vines, melons, squashes, and many other
things he harvests often more completely than
the settler would if he had a chance."
Mr. Yan Dyke is a little hard on the
who illustrates sporting literature :
" The deer with individual hairs glistening on
its back, with dew claws and even the split in
the hoofs all in plain sight, exists only in the
mind of the artist of pavement education. No
such animal is seen in nature. Nor does the
deer in the woods correspond much better to the
picture you have formed in your mind from see-
ing a deer in a park or stuffed in a museum."
Caribou or reindeer, and moose or elk, are
interestingly described by Messrs. Daniel
G. Elliot and Andrew J. Stone, whose
articles are agreeable to read and instruc-
tive.
The illustrations seem particularly good
and are very creditable to Carl Eungius
the maps showing the range of the various
animals will be distinctly valuable for pur-
poses of comparison hereafter. Some of the
full-page plates are not fastened so securely
as might be wished this is a pity, for the
; by Shakspeare.
volume cannot fail to secure the success
which it well deserves, and therefore the
trouble with loose plates may be wide-
spread
.
Practical Histology. By J. N. Langley,
Sc.D., Deputy-Professor of Physiology in the
University of Cambridge. (Macmillan Co.)
Dr. Langley has published in compact form the
THE ATHEN^UM
system under which he has guided the micro-
scopical work of his Cambridge classes during
many past years. The scheme of study is one
suited to students after their first year of
physiological work, though a judicious selection
of its parts would adapt it easily to beginners.
Its chief value consists not so much in the
directions given for manipulation
these are
concise and complete enough, but such direc-
tions can never rival or replace personal instruc-
tion as in the selection which is made, on
behalf of the student, of typical or specially
useful methods of staining from among the
countless formulae proposed year after year
in the technical journals. Dr. Langley's
selection is perfectly adequate in its general
range, and has for the sanction of its details his
personal trials and his long experience of the
successes and failures of special methods in
class-work. The book can be recommended
very strongly for general use in histological
classes. When the time comes for a new
edition we should welcome an expansion of the
sections dealing with the staining of leucocytes
in the interests of medical students, and, in
general, the introduction of references to
human tissues when these notably differ in
structure and reaction from those of lower
mammals. The addition also of a paragraph
or two in explanation of the difierence between
good and bad staining, and of the essential aims
of double staining, would make the book even
more admirable than it will be found to be
already.
BOTANY.
Canon Ellacombe is recognized both as an
expert in horticulture and as a writer who
knows how to present the results of his experi-
ences in that sphere in an agreeable and read-
able form. His last book, In my Vicarage
Garden and ElsewJiere (Lane), is consequently
in a different class from the swarm of common-
place chatterings which the success of a few
gardening books has let loose of late years.
For one thing, he sticks to his subject, and
does not torment his readers "among the
'
very flowers with his views on all irrelevant
'
topics, from the Boer war to the boiling of a
potato. He observes for himself, and his pages
are therefore suggestive we do not, for
;
instance, remember to have seen elsewhere
any reference to the social affinities, if so they
artist may be called, which almost certainly exist
among plants, leading certain kinds, without
any reference to what is commonly known as
parasitism, to flourish best in the neighbour-
hood of certain other kinds. When one friend
insists on establishing itself in immediate
contiguity to the other it becomes embarrassing
to the gardener, especially when one of the
two is of a kind that does not readily tolerate
lifting. One of Canon Ellacombe's best chap-
ters deals with the so-called York and Lan-
caster roses. Probably few people realize
that the name is given to two different
roses. The older, which was fairly common
fifty years ago, a damask rose, seems now to
have vanished. Its place in the catalogues
(for no variegated rose is now very frequent
in gardens) has been taken by another kind,
;
showier, but less elegant, and, Canon Ella-
combe tells us, less apt to come true from
seed. Both kinds have long been known in
England, but the older seems to have the better
claim to the honour of having been mentioned
Railway Gardens is another
' '
interesting paper. The effect of railway
cuttings and embankments on the distribu-
tion of species is a topic on which much
may be said. Canon Ellacombe mentions
several cases in which plants either wholly
foreign or previously rare in the locality
have found a congenial home by the rail-
way-side. Another instance is that of the
& great willow-herb (rose-bay), which appeared
some years ago on the South- Western Eailway
N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
near Woking, and spread freely. Perhaps it
is not wise, however, to say too much aljout
these things. To the taste of the average
railway manager a good concrete wall, with
plenty of soap-boilers' advertisements, appeals,
it is to be feared, with far more force than all
the treasures of Flora. Canon Ellacombe is
a sanguine man if he thinks that any form of
beauty is likely to be " the inheritance of the
railway as long as the railway itself lasts," at
any rate in the home counties. Two chapters on
Alpine flowers deal pleasantly with a never-
failing source of delight and there is a wise
;
caution to those who would try, without
proper experience, to remove Alpine plants
to foreign soil. Even the Canon, when he
says that the so-called "alpenrose"
a
purely tourist's name, we believe "is the
only rhododendron that will grow on soil
charged with lime," may mislead some who do
not distinguish between ferrugineum and
hirsutum, for it is the latter kind only that
flourishes in the soil uncongenial to most of its
tribe, as he will see if he visits the eastern
flanks of the Ortler. Prof, von Dalla Torre,
by the way, is (if he be still alive) not a Swiss,
but a Tyrolese botanist, and has written one
of the handiest and most practical of Alpine
"floras." The only fault we can And with Canon
Ellacombe is defective revision of his proofs,
whereby on one page are to be found such
unauthorized forms as " Budleia," " abuliton,"
"fuschia," "aguilegia," and "penstemon."
Otherwise the book is at once pleasant and
profitable.
Mr. H. Hoare's Calendar of Floweriwj
Trees and Slirnhs (Humphreys) is a useful book
that attends strictly to business. It consists
of a list of the months, with " the most desir-
able and perfectly hardy trees and shrubs in
bloom" in each of them, followed by an alpha-
betical catalogue of all the shrubs in question,
with some description of each and advice as
to its cultivation. In a few cases coloured
portraits are added. A list of trees and
shrubs, classified according to the soils that
suit them, and an index complete the volume,
which may be commended to all persons about
to lay out a garden.
Cyclo2nedia of American Horticulture. By
L. H. Bailey, assisted by Wilhelm Miller, Ph.D.
4 vols. (Macmillan & Co.) The completion of
this great enterprise affords an opportunity for
calling attention to one of the most complete
and original of similar productions. It is a
remarkable illustration of the applications
of botanical and physiological science to the
purposes of commercial horticulture and market
gardening. It consists in the main of descrip-
tions of all the species of plants grown for sale,
either for economic or for decorative purposes,
in the United States and Canada, together with
indications as to methods of culture, geo-
graphical distribution, and biographical and
bibliographical sketches. It is the work of
some four or five hundred experts, whose
labours have been co-ordinated, adjusted, and
put into shape by Prof. Bailey and his associate
editor Dr. Miller. Although there have been
so many difl'erent minds employed on the work,
it is easy to see the guiding principle through-
out and to recognize the skill and ability
with which it has been executed. So far
as is possible in such a book, no second-
hand information has been used without
careful checking. In a publication of this
magnitude imperfections must creep in.
Some of these are necessitated by the limita-
tions imposed by the plan of the work, others
by imperfect bibliographical research, as, for
instance, under the head of ' Retinospora.'
where scant, if any, reference is made to the work
of Carri^re and others which preceded 1879.
The "Wild Garden" existed in reality long
before Mr. William Robinson made the name
and the thing popular. There are no summary
descriptions of the natural orders, and (though
 N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
this is a hazardous assertion to make) apparently
no indication of the general scheme of botanical
classification followed.Of course, reference is
made in the preface to the 'Index Kewensis,'
the Cienera Plantarum,' and other publications
'
for which Kew has earned the gratitude
of botanists. The illustrations are very
numerous, some rather rough in execution, but
uniform in plan, mostly useful and really illus-
trative, though some occupy space that might
have been filled to greater advantage, for instance,
by iiicreasing the bibliographical references
thus, under the head of Selaginella we find
'
no reference to Mr. Baker's extended mono-
graph on that genus. But it would be ungracious
to take a magnifying glass to detect the flaws in
such a book as this rather would we cordially
;
thank Prof. Bailey for the very substantial ser-
vice he has rendered to horticulture generally
and that of English-speaking communities
particularly.
Tne first instalment of the I lUer national
Catalogue of Scientific Literature (Harrison &
Sons), comprising a record of botanical publica-
tions for the year 1901, has just been issued. It
has, we believe, been mainly prepared under
Mr. B. Daydon .Jackson's supervision, and that
circumstance would alone afford a guarantee of
accuracy. The Catalogue is an outgrowth of the
'Catalogue of Scientific Papers for the nine-
teenth century issued by the Royal Society, and
has taken shape as a result of sundry inter-
national conferences held in London in 1896,
1898, 1899, and 1900. It was eventually deter-
iined to prepare a complete catalogue of scien-
tific literature for each successive year, arranged
according both to subject-matter and to authors'
names, and the co-operation of workers in
various countries was secured to carry the
proposal into effect. For the better accom-
plishment of the purpose a Central Inter-
national Bureau, acting under the direction
of an International Convention, was estab-
lished in London, the Eoyal Society under-
taking to act as publishers of the Catalogue, as
well as to provide the capital required to start the
enterprise, which capital is to be repaid within
five years. The Convention is to meet again in
1905, and every tenth year thereafter. During
the intervals between the meetings of the Con
vention, the administration of the Catalogue is
vested in an International Council. Seventeen
volumes are to be published annually, relating
to as many different branches of science. Each
volume, it is to be presumed, will be compiled
upon the same model as that now before us.
A threefold division is adopted, comprising
<1) schedules and indexes in English, French,
(Jerman, and Italian respectively it would have
been a step towards uniformity of language
liad the schedules been also printed in Latin
<2) an authors' catalogue and (3) a subject
; science, though accurate observation, inquiry,
catalogue. The schedule is a table of contents
systematically arranged and numbered in
a
manner to admit of future interpolations and
additions. The system of numeration is at first
sight rather complicated, but a little practice
will show its general utility thus, a
cerUin
Parliamentary report, relating to the collections
at Kew and at the British Museum
is indexed under the head of London,' a suffi- '
ciently wide reference, but the figures in
the
schedule within brackets [0<J20 0060] will en-
able the reader to find what he wants readily.
In this case an alphabetical reference to Kew
and to British Museum would have been more
' '
definite than one to L<mdt,n.'
'
It should, how-
ever, be stated that there is a separate
heading
m the mdex under the word Museum,' with '
the "registration number" OOGO, so that, by
the exercise of care and patience, the student
will be enabled to find the reference
he seeks,
if not in one division, at least in
another. By
this statement we do not wish to imply
that
any particular reference is not included in more
than one division, but merely that it is, in par-
ticular cise.", more ea.si]y fcund in one
division
THE ATHEN^UM
than in another. It is a most onerous under-
taking, but value will be proportionate to
its
the labour and care bestowed upon it. At the
same time, over- elaboration may cause the pro-
ject to break down under its own weight. The
present instalment, an octavo of 378 pages,
mostly in double column, is marked Part I. a ;
second part, concluding the volume, will, it is
stated, be issued in the course of a few months.
;
THE NATURE STUDY EXHIBITIOX.
'
TuE Nature Study Exhibition has proved a
grdat success, and it would be waste of time to
point out how it could have been improved into
All those who have visited
a still greater one.
the Royal Botanic Gardens during the last
fortnight have been struck by the wealth of
material there displayed, and the extent to which
natural history teaching, informal, systematic,
and scientific, is recognized in the varied educa-
tional establishments which exist in this country.
If no other result were to follow the undertaking
than the opening of teachers' eyes to what others
have accomplished, and to the fact that there are
possibly better ways of doing some of the things
which they themselves have attempted, the
exhibition would have served its purpose.
The promoters of the departure can, however,
'
claim to have done very much more than this.
They have received the official recognition of
the heads of the Boards of Education and of
Agriculture they have persuaded many of the
; numerous
foremost exponents of natural history teaching
to discourse upon it at their conferences, and
been able to secure as judges men whose
names are recognized everywhere. The only
criticism which can be passed upon the
awards is that they were narrowed down
too much. If the artistic side of nature study,
for instance, is accepted as coming within the
scope of the exhibition, and good drawings, or
paintings, or designs from nature are sent in,
surely their merits should be recognized. At
the same time, the distribution of but few
medals, if it only be made in a consistent man-
ner, may well serve to carry out one purpose of
the Nature Study Association to wit, to deter-
mine how nature study in a broad and general
way may be once for all defined. No one
would care to see a particular part of natural
history unduly emphasized, as it was by Prof.
Miall at the Fourth Conference but the kind of
; the discussion on a paper by M. Ch. Lejeune on
teaching, be it based upon plants or animals, or
the surface and structure of the earth itself,
must be determined
its limits and its aims
: must be authoritatively decided.
Nature study is difficult to define. It is not a
subject, though it may permeate many subjects
the reading lesson, the essay, the exercise in
;
drawing, and painting, and design. It is not
and investigation are its key-notes. Pre-
eminently, therefore, it is not to be the passive
reception by the pupil of facts "learnt by the
teacher" and "said to the class," and, if pos-
sible, it is to be carried out in its purest sense
under the open sky. When properly interpreted,
nature study may be expected to cultivate the
respectively emotional and the artistic sense, the mere love of
life, and the joy of intimacy with living nature.
These points of view must not, however, bo
allowed to develope into mere empty sen-
tlmentalism, as is often the case in the United
' '
States of America.
For the proper development of this branch of
mental training, teachers who are enthusiasts
are virtually a necessity. It is also needful to
educate those responsible for the funds and
management of schools, while without properly
qualified inspectors it is almost impossible to
achieve success in elementary and secondary
schools alike.
As is usual in such undertakings, the brunt
of the work has fallen upon a few willing
individuals. Of these we may mention the
chairman, Sir .John Cuckburn Mr. Medd, the
;
195
secretary Mr. Iledger Wallace, known as an
;
exponent of country lore together with Mr.
;
H. M. Cundall and Mr. A. Taylor, who actually
arranged the exhibition.
ANTHKOrOLOQICAL NOTES.
In U Anthropologic M. Marcellin Boule
describes the bone-cave of Montmaurin (Ilaute-
Garonne), with the remains of rhinoceros, horse,
hy;ena, machairodus, and beaver that were
found there, and their bearing on the succes-
sion of events in the quaternary epoch. Dr.
Pittard makes a contribution to the study of the
anthropology of Iloumania, and of the Tsiganes
termed Roumans, from observations on forty-
two men and five women of the tribe.
Dr.
Henry Girard completes his anthropometric
notes on some Western Soudanese, illustrated
by eight typical figures. M. fimile Cartailhac,
who at first doubted the antiquity of the painted
figures of bison, horse, and other animals
described in 1880 by Seuor M. S. de Sautuola
as discovered at the grotto of Altamira in the
province of Santandor, Spain, declares his con-
viction that there is no longer any reason to
suspect it, the discoveries in the Dordogne
being of the like kind.
The Report of the twelfth session of the
International Congress of Prehistoric Anthro-
pology and Archieology has been published. It
forma an octavo volume of 516 pages, with
illustrations.
In the Bidletim of the Society of Anthro-
pology of Paris Dr. F. Delisle publishes a
remarkable paper on artificial deformations of
the cranium in France, with a map showing the
relative frequency of the practice in the various
departments. It is effected by the compression
of the head of the infant by bandages, which
cause also a deformation of the ears. The
custom is rapidly disappearing, thanks to altera-
tion in manners and the greater enlightenment
of the people. M. Paul Robin has exhibited to
the Society two ingenious anthropometricinstru-
ments which he has devised viz., an improved
spirometer, and an instrument for measuring
sharpness of hearing. He has also com-
municated to the Society his last will, excluding
from the disposition of his remains every cere-
mony and observance that is not rigorously
scientific. The communication arose out of
the cultus of the dead in the twentieth century.
Dr. Marcel Baudouin relates his discovery at La
Br^landi^re, a commune of L'Aiguillon-sur-Vie,
in the Vendue, in July, 1901, of a large stone,
supposed to be a polisher, marked by numerous
ridges, apparently indicating frequent use, but
suggests for various reasons that it may, after
all, be an inscribed stone, and the ridges rude
imitations of letters. Messrs. Vaschide and
Pi^ron contribute a paper on the pro-
phetic dream in the belief and philosophy
of the Arabs, being a further instalment
of their study of the prophetic dream in
all its bearings. The eloquent and feeling
addresses of M. Verneau and others on the
sad occasion of the funeral of M. Ch. Letour-
neau, the general secretary of the Society, who
died on February 2l8t of influenza ;ind broncho-
pneumonia, are printed at length, and enume-
rate his many valuable contributions to
anthropology.
Man for August has a plate of a typical col-
lection by Prof. Flinders Petrie of prehistoric
Egyptian pottery, with figures of animals and
of weapons or implements. Mc.s.srs. Annandalo
and Robinson contribute anthropological notes
(made according to the instructions given in
A nthropological Notes and Queries) on Sai Kau,
a Siamo-Malayan village in the state of Nawn-
The discussion on totemism
chik (Tojau).
o|)ened by Major Powell is continued by Mr.
Hartland and Mr. Thomas.
The same subject totemism was the theme
of a Hi)ecial meeting recently held by the Folk-

100
lore Society, when Mr. Andrew Lang opened
the discussion.
In noticing the first supplementary volume of
the Encyclopedia Britannica
'
' we did not
call attention to the valuable article on '
Astro-
nomy,' contributed by Prof. Newcomb, Great
indeed has been the progress of the science
during the twenty-seven years which have
elapsed since the appearance of Proctor's
treatise in the second volume of the ninth edition ;
still, the fundamental principles enunciated
and explained in the first six chapters remain
the same, and the supplement relates chiefly to
the part from the seventh chapter onwards.
Although we cannot deal with this in any detail
here, we may refer to the writer's treatment of
two or three special points. As regards Mars
and the physical condition of its surface, which
has led to so much fruitless speculation respect-
ing its possible habitability, Prof. Newcomb
points out that it is very unlikely that the sur-
face can be warm enough to allow of the pre-
sence of large bodies of water in the liquid state,
and that
" the so-called canals or channels are probablj' not
the definite features that appear on the drawings,
but rather the result of slight suggestions made to
the eye by more or less irregular differences in the
minute shadings and colour tints on the surface of
the planet."
Four years ago it was asserted that photography
had shown a ninth satellite of Saturn, which
appeared to be unique amongst satellites in
its great distance from its primary, so that its
time of revolution would be several months. As,
however, no record of its existence has been
registered since 1898, " some doubt may yet
exist as to its nature." The last part of the
article, dealing with our position in the sidereal
universe, is naturally the most interesting, and
it may be well to quote Prof. Newcomb's own
words in conclusion :
"(1) The general form of the universe of stars to
which our sun belongs is that of a flattened cylinder,
or extreme oblate spheroid, as was supposed by
Herschel and Struve. (2) The phenomenon of the
Milky Way is not due alone to the fact that we see
more stars in the equatorial regions of this spheroid,
but to the fact that this region is occupied through
its entire extent by a series of agglomerations of
stars, within which space is richer in stars than in
the interior where we are situated. (3) Our sun is
situated near the central plane of the spheroid, but
eccentrically so as to be nearer the boundary in a
direction of perhaps 18 hours in right ascension,
between the equator and 50 of south declination."
Finally, he thinks it probable that we are so
much nearer the galactic stars in this particular
region that we may soon be able to recognize
proper motions among them.
Prof. T. J. J. See has communicated to
No. 3806 of the Astronomische Nachrichten
the results of a series of observations of the
satellites of Saturn (excepting Mimas, the
small one nearest the planet) and Uranus,
obtained with the 26-inch refractor of the
Naval Observatory, Washington. Hyperion,
the faint, last-discovered satellite of Saturn (for
the so-called ninth is still hypothetical), was
seen without difficulty, except when the moon
was bright, and its positions were compared
with those of Titan. Prof. Newcomb's tables,
it was found, still represent well the motions
of the satellites of Uranus, and no great
change would be effected by a revision of the
calculated elements.
The death is announced at the age of
seventy - three of Prof. Adalbert Safarik,
which took place at Prague, after a long illness,
on the 2nd ult. Born at Neusatz, on the
Danube, in Southern Hungary, on October
26th, 1829, he manifested through life a taste
and devotion for science, but especially for
astronomy. He made a large number of
observations, principally of variable stars, and
built a private observatory at Prague when in
THE ATHEN^UM
the sixtieth year of his age. But he was also
for some years Professor of Chemistry as well
as of Astronomy at the Bohemian University in
that city.
We have receivedthe sixth number of
Vol. XXXI. of the Memorie della Socieia degli
Spettroscopisti Italiani, the principal contents
being a note by Prof. Mascari on the solar
protuberances observed at Catania during the
year 1901, and a notice of Prof. P. M. Gari-
baldi, whose death took place at Genoa on
May 17th last.
It appears that Dr. Doberck has not
resigned, as was reported, the directorship of
the Hong Kong Observatory, but has only
left it for a time under the charge of Mr.
F. G. Figg, and is coming on a visit to
for the benefit of his health.'
The work done at the observatory of Perth,
in West
Australia, has hitherto been almost
exclusively meteorological but it is satis-
;
factory to learn from Mr. Cooke's last report
that the astronomical buildings are now finished,
and the instruments in adjustment, so that we
may hope to hear shortly of a commencement
of celestial observations. In particular it is
proposed to take part in the great international
photographic survey of the heavens. volume A end to all doubt as to the authenticity of the
on the meteorology of the colony will shortly
appear, under the title ' The Climate of Western
Australia.'
Mk. Denning publishes in the
number of the Observatory a list of all the avail-
able observations of the magnificent meteor
which was seen in the south of England on the
night of Sunday, the 13th ult. Not many of
these were sufficiently explicit to assist in
determining the actual path of this fireball, but
the probable conclusion is that it was first seen
about eighty-nine miles above a point near
Boulogne, and crossed the Straits of Dover to a
point about fifty-one miles above Dungeness,
the rate of speed being about twenty-six miles
per second. It must have disappeared or fallen
near Uckfield, in Sussex. Its radiant point in
the sky was near the star ( Cygni, from which
other meteors have in previous years been some-
times seen to proceed about the middle of July;
but our late visitor seems to have had a shorter
course and a swifter motion than most of its
predecessors.
The death is announced of Dr. A. Walther,
lecturer at the Military Academy of Medicine
at Petersburg, and author of several works in
German on physiology.
We note the appearance of the Annual
Report of the Medical Officer of the Local
Government Board (price 6s.).
FINE ARTS
ARCHEOLOGY.
Preliminary Report on a Jourmy of Archaeo-
logical and Topographical Explorations in CJiinese
Turkestan. By M. A. Stein. (Eyre & Spottis-
woode.) Some few years ago the world of
Orientalists was startled by the arrival from
Chinese Turkestan of MSS. and books in a
script which was quite unknown. The writing
was small and to some slight degree resembled
Javanese. The material on which they were
written and printed was paper, and the district
in which they were said to have been found was
in the desert north of a caravan route between
Giima and Khotan. The circumstances of their
discovery were most minutely related. The
finder
Islam Akhum stated
that in
traversing the desert he discovered traces of a
dwelling, which, on being unearthed, proved to
be a house in tolerable repair. On entering the
portal he faced the figure of a man seated at a
table, who crumbled to pieces when touched
and in a corner of this mysterious room he
found a box containing the manuscripts and
N3902, Auo. 9, 1902
books, which he was subsequently able to dispose
of at remunerative prices. Some of these MSS.
reached England others found their way to
;
Calcutta, where they were submitted to a long
and critical investigation at the hands of Dr.
Hoernle needless to say, without result. The
story of the discovery was of a nature to arouse
suspicion, though the forging was very cleverl^jr
executed, and Mr. Stein, when starting on his
mission to Chinese Turkestan, was prepared to
find that another and more reasonable explana-
tion could be found for the existence of the
MSS. than that offered by Islam Akhfim. This
expectation was most satisfactorily verified.
Having discovered the discoverer, he was able
by a careful cross-examination to elicit from him
the full story of the concocted MSS. and books.
Europe
With great care the forger had prepared the
paper, written the unknown characters, and
buried the volumes for a time in the sand
to give them the necessary look of a sub-
With such ease was he able to
terranean find.
dispose of these documents that he conceived
the idea of printing others from wooden blocks.
This he did, and with most satisfactory results
so far as his pocket was concerned, as he was
thus able to supply the market with greater
ease and celerity? His full confession puts an
suspected documents, and it would be some con-
solation to know that Islam Akhiim was likely
But forgeries
to be punished for his ofi'ences.
August and deceptions enter so largely into Oriental
life that lawgivers are not disposed to exact
penalties for such general crimes. Mr. Stein,
however, did much more than pin this imposi-
tion to the counter. He made many and
important discoveries. He excavated, among
other sites, the Dandan-Uilig ruins and the
remains on the Niya River, and in both places
made valuable "finds." At the first he was
successful in unearthing some Chinese MSS. of
the eighth century, which, though of no great
importance, are of interest as descriptive
the conditions existing at that
social
of
period. of these papers is a bond given in
One
exchange for a loan of money, and another is a
document of a similar kind relating to grain.
In both cases the lender is a Buddhist priest,
and the terms on which the reverend ecclesiastic
doles out his cash and grain are of the most
stringent and tight-fisted kind. At the Niya
River Mr. Stein was fortunate enough to find
some wooden tablets bearing Kharoshthi
writing. These carry us back to the time of
the Kushana or Indo-Scythian kings that is to
say, the period covered by the first two cen-
turies of our era
and form a valuable addition
to the existing specimens of this archaic
writing. In the present report Mr. Stein
merely sketches the outline of his travels and
explorations, and we shall watch with interest
for the fuller and more complete record which
he promises.
Ancient Peruvian Art : Contrihitions to the
Archaology of the Empire of the Incas. From
Translated
his Collections by Arthur Baessler.
by A. H. Keane. Part I. (Asher & Co.) This
is the first portion of a work which gives promise
of being a valuable addition to our means of
When com-
knowledge of Peruvian antiquities.
on which
pleted it is to consist of 165 plates,
be figured about 500 specimens selected
will
from the 11,513 objects which were brought
together in Peru by the author, who has made
them over to the Royal Museum of Ethnology
in Berlin. Mr. Baessler obtained some of these
objects by his own excavation, and others by
purchase, notably the collection of Mr. W.
Gretzer, made during a residence of twenty-five
years. The majority of the illustrations selected
are to be drawings and paintings, representa-
tions in relief and on the round on North Peru-
vian earthenware, and the method of picturing
them adopted is to transfer the bulging forms
;
of the urns to the flat surface in the exact size
of the originals, without any retouching or


N3902, Aug. 9, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 197

restoration, so as to show not only any beauty I stated in my last Notes, the interest of younger than thirty, probably much older, and
tliey may possess, but also all their defects and the discovery arises more from the locality in not different in build from the average Latin
shortcomings. The eleven plates contained in which it was made than from its archteological peasant of the present day. lie must have
the present part are selected from different value and bearings. It is the first grave which lived, more or less, at or near the traditional
sections of the work. Four of them (34, o5, 36, can be reasonably connected with the primitive
epoch of the foundation of Rome that is to
oD) are representations of human beings ;the dwellers on the sacred hill of Pales. This is the say, at the time when a colony of Alban
three groups represented in plates 34 to 36 form reason why the daily press, which has never shepherds first settled on the Palatine. These
battle-scenes, of which two are from vases said a word about the finding of hundreds and shepherds, in their wanderings over the Cam-
found at Chimbote, and one at Trujillo. In all hundreds of such graves, of the same period and pagna, lived in huts made of boughs and
the victors are seen seizing the vanquished of the same value, in the excavations of the Via covered with sheepskins. The founders of the
by the pigtail, with the result in one case dello Statuto.of the Piazza Vittorio Emmanuele, urbs (etema were also agriculturists, as
of profuse bleeding from the nose. Most and of the Piazza di Magnanapoli, has taken up appears from the presence of the grains of
of the successful and one of the unsuccessful this prehistoric pot of the Forum as an object wheat and beans in the cinerarium. We have
combatants have a small animal fastened to the the like of which has never been seen by the learnt, in the last place, that the grave stands
girdle. All the figures on the Trujillo vase astounded world before. not alone on the bank of the pond, but that it
have their faces painted with warlike symbols. The pot was found buried in a round belongs to a common tribal or intertribal
A figure resembling the letter T occurs in four hole or " pozzetto " measuring 60 centimetres cemetery, in which cremation and inhumation
places on this vase. There does not appear to in diameter and 45 in depth, on the north were practised at the same time. In the narrow
be any distinction of race between the com- bank of the swamp which once covered space which separates the dolium from the
batants. On plate 39 a number of objects are the valley of the Forum. This bank was foundations of Faustina's temple another grave
represented, illustrating the eating of coca and made of minute particles of decomposed red has just been found of a man whose skeleton is
the manner of using the box containing lime tufa, washed down from the surrounding almost perfect, and who was buried clad in
and conveying it to the mouth by means clifl's, together with fragments of char- sheepskins, fastened on the right shoulder with
of a stick. Four plates (74, 70, 80, 81) are coal and rough pottery. The ground appears a bronze fibula. The masons who built the
representations of mythical animals. Plate 74 to be honeycombed with tiny tortuous foundations of the temple probably robbed the
contains, a selection of forms of fishes, perforations, which may be the work of grave of part of its contents.
surmounted by human figures propelling boats worms or traces left by the roots of marshy Well known is the partiality of the Emperor
by means of deeply grooved paddles. The other vegetation. The pot was lying at the level of Vespasian for the gardens of Sallust, the casino
three contain a selection of serpent scenes. In 10'"'63 above the sea. The lowest piece of of which he inhabited for a number of years,
one a tree with several monkeys on the branches, broken pottery has been found 3'""40 below the while the damages caused to the imperial State
which are laden with fruit, is somewhat rudely grave, the lowest piece of charcoal 4"" 05 below. residence on the Palatine by Nero's fire were
drawn. In several the human figures wear a These data prove that when this poor fellow being repaired. In the foundations of a new
headdress of three or more snakes, and in was cremated and buried in the hollow of the house, at the corner of the Via Veneto and the
some a girdle of snakes also. Others contain Forum the neighbouring heights had been Via Emilia, a lead waterpipe has come to light
serpentine bodies with human heads, with what settled upon and inhabited for a considerable inscribed with the words :
" This pipe has been
are described as long tongues ending in three lapse of time. We know also that these laid by order of our Emperor Vespasian under
points attached to the chins. We think, how- primitive dwellers of the Septimontium were the care of his freedman Callixtus. " Other
ever, that the objects so described are the mighty hunters, the vertebrce of a Cervus elaplius remains of these delightful gardens have been
tails of the serpents, represented as forked, having been discovered in the same strata which detected under the pavement of the Via Bon-
and that they are continuous with the serpen- contain the charcoal. compagni. They include a section of a crypto-
tine body, the human head being imposed upon These interesting explorations have been porticus, the skylights of which opened, as
it. The central object in one scene is a male stopped at the depth of 4'"'70 below the grave usual, on a square peristyle.
figure with earrings and a serpentine headdress that is to say, 3'" '60 below the lowest founda- The hydrotherapic station of the Aqua3 Albulse,
and necklace, enclosed in the coils of an tions of the temple of Antoninus and Faustina at the seventeenth milestone of the Via
enormous snake, from whose mouth depend on account of the great pressure of the soil, Tiburtina, known to the Sabines, the Latins,
three smaller snakes' heads. The central object which is still soaked with moisture. Nowhere and the Etruscans since prehistoric times,
in another scene is formed by two human figures, else in Rome can so good an object lesson of the became a fashionable Roman resort only towards
a male and female, in close embrace, wearing perpetual growth of its soil be found as at this / the end of the Republic, when patricians and
richly adorned headdresses of snake figures. In Si corner of the Forum. "^ The difference of level^ politicians, men of science, poets, and lawyers
the lower part of the design are trees laden with between the strata containing the remains of of repute, selected the olive-clad hillsides of
fruit, with monkeys disporting upon them. the stag (6'""53 above sea) and the modern pave- Tibur for their summer residence. The remains
Other specimens selected for illustration in ment of the Via in Miranda (24'"-73) is fifty-three, of the Kurhaus, which still tower above the
the remaining three plates (147, 153, 158) con- feet but what a wonderful amount of historical
; central springs, are attributed by a local tradi-
tained in the present instalment of the work events these fifty-three feet of rubbish reveal 1 tion to Queen Zenobia of Palmyra, the fair
are :
a fine headdress of feather mosaic on a They cover a period from the prehistoric tribes- prisoner of the Emperor Aurelian, and the
wooden framework, square in form, and having man who lived, perhaps, in lacustrine fashion, springs themselves are actually called "il
at each corner a short pinnacle of feather work on the fiadila Xifivr] which then filled the valley Laghetto della Regina." Whether the tradition
(the groundwork is blue, and a design in brilliant of the Forum, and who hunted big game with is trustworthy or not (I believe myself the
colours, representing birds and other objects, is flint arrow-heads, and from the grave of one of building to date from the time of Hadrian), there
worked in on each side) an ear plug, on the the founders of Rome, to Antoninus and Faus- is no doubt that the place was magnificently
;

outer side of which is worked in feather mosaic tina, routed out of their temple by St. Lawrence, decorated with colonnades, gardens, fountains,
a figure in red, resembling a cat a male figure to whom the building is at present dedicated
; !
statuary, S;c., so that the neighbourhood of the
in solid gold a female figure of chased gold
;
The dolium contains, besides the cinerary urn, Laghetto della Regina has always been considered
plate, wrapped in a garment held together with eight other small earthen vessels resembling in one of the most promising localities for excava-
gold pins a fictile vessel representing a head
; shape the milula, the simptdum, the cyathns,M\d tors. Pirro Ligorio was one of the first ex-
wearing a headdress similar to that just de- the capeduHculum of later times. The cine- plorers, the products of his search being handed
scribed and a kneeling figure on a pedestal, for- rarium, double-handled, and rather graceful in over to Cardinal Ippolito d'Este. The columns
;

merly adorned with mother-of-pearl and shells, outline, had a cover in the shape of the roof of of verde antico which ornament the Loggia of
but of these many have disappeared, having a prehistoric oval hut, built of boughs and lined the Farnese Palace, and those of the same
broken away from the light wood out of which with sheepskins. marble which Pope Julius III. set up in the
the statuette has been carved, and to which The cover, however, was found not in situ, hemicycle of his Villa Giulia, were discovered
they were affixed by a black resinous substance. but at the bottom of the dolium, broken in in the same locality in tlie first half of the six-
In entrusting the translation to Mr. A. H. four. I cannot suggest a satisfactory explana- teenth century. Tlie ground having been broken
Keane the publishers have been well advised. tion of this state of things, neither can I up again for farming purposes, several works
account for the presence of other anomalous of art have come to light, among which are .some
objects in the cinerarium, such as the .shells of Iicnna- of the class which the ancients were wont
NOTES FROM ROME. two fresh- water tortoises and four or five grains to set up at the crossings of the paths and
Lucky, indeed, may be called the prehistoric of Triticum vulgare and Ficia faha. The body avenues of their gardens. One, almost perfect,
potter who, thirty centuries ago, moulded the of the deceased tribesman must have been but without name, represents a handsome young
cinerary vase lately discovered in the Forum. incinei'ated with great care, the bones being woman, who.se hair is dressed in a now and
This humble and unskilful production of his reduced to a mass of splinters, which are graceful fashion (Sappho?); another, headless, is
kiln has received more attention than has ever difficult to identify. Sixty-five particles belong inscribed with the name of Thespis (OKl'ITll"
been accorded to the masterpieces of the to the skull twenty-four teeth have also been 0K.ML>\()1' AOHXAlUl).
;
There is als(. a
Corinthian or Samian keramics. Its official singled out. The investigations made by Profs. marble bracket, with a metrical inscription
description in the March number of the Portis and Roncali allow one to reach the fol- describing how some one (name lost) who had
Xolkie defjli Scavi extends over fifteen pages lowing conclusions. The individual, pr()bal)ly recovered his health at these sulphur springs
of text, illustrated with as many plates. As of the male sex, was of medium size, not "numinisauxilio' viz., with the merciful help

103
of the
Nytnphae Albulas had offered them as a
"
token of gratitude a statuette "auro fulgentem
a gilt bronze.
viz.,
The negotiations between the Government
and the Cassa di Risparmio of Rome, the prin-
cipal creditor of the Borgheso estate, for the
purchase of the villa at the price fixed by an
Act of Parliament (3,000,000 lire) having failed
at the eleventh hour, the villa itself was offered
at auction on July 18th for the sum of 5,247, (i70
lire. No offer was received, as the villa, or at
least tlie greater part of it, is bound to remain
as it is for the benefit of the population of
Rome, and cannot be broken up and sold in
building lots. A second auction will take place
on August 22nd, the price having already been
lowered to 3,673,373 lire. This sum comes so
near the amount voted by Parliament that we
feel confident that the villa will not fall as is
predicted into the clutches of a Jewish syndi-
cate.
Two other historical places have lately come
under the hammer of the auctioneer the Pier- :
leoni-Savelli-Orsini Palace, built over the
remains of the theatre of Marcellus, and the
lake and castle of Nemi, with the twin ships and
the temple of Diana. The Nemi estate, which
carries with it the ducal title, has been purchased
by Don Enrico Ruspoli, of one of the younger
branches of that family, who has lately married
an American lady. I do not know yet what his
become of the theatre of Marcellus. Another
historical Roman villa, the Sciarra-Ottoboni,
occupying part of the gardens of Julius Cresar
on the Janiculum, has become the property of
Mr. George Wurts, of Philadelphia.
The last marbles which once made famous
the Caffarelli-Vidoni Palace, near the church of
S. Andrea della Valle, have been sold by the
present owner Prince Giustiniani-Bandini the
statues to a dealer, the inscriptions to the
Government. Among these last I may mention
the Fasti of Verrius Flaccus, the best document
of their class in existence. The Fasti have
already been removed to the Museo Nazionale
at the Baths of Diocletian.
At the beginning of May last the chapter of
the cathedral of Pescia (Tuscany) sold at a
nominal price to an astute dealer a magnificent
set of old Genoese velvet and trimmings, with-
out the consent of the proper authorities. News
of this shameful transaction having reached the
Public Prosecutor, the eight canons of Pescia
and the dealer were denounced before the local
magistrate, and condemned to a fine of 16,500
lire. I must say that all the efforts made by the
Government to stop this base and greedy spolia-
tion of our churches, which has been going on
for years, from one end to the other of the pen-
insula, have failed before the indifference nay,
the opposition of the Papal Curia. The State,
learned societies, and even the last Congress of
Sacred Archaeology, presided over by several
princes of the Church, have over and over again
begged the Vatican to put a stop to these
systematic robberies of the houses of God, but
without result. An understanding on this
point is bound to come, only there will be
nothing left worth preserving.
I have just heard that the direction of the
excavations of the Forum, left vacant by Boni,
has been entrusted by the Minister of Public
Instruction to a gentleman named Patrignani or
Petrignani. We have not had the advantage of
knowing this name before.
RODOLFO LaNCIANI.
GEORGE DALZIEL.
The death of Mr. George Dalziel on Monday
last, at 107, Fellows Road, Hampstead, removes
the founder of a firm of engravers vi'hose work
will always rank high in the history of the
mechanical side of English art. The crazy-
looking signature of "Dalziel" to a book-
illustration is a guarantee of excellence, and
the books in which it appears are worthy of
THE ATHEN^UM
the attention of tho collector. The Dalziels
carried on tliogood work cominonced by Thomas
Bewick, from whoso pupils, indeed, they
learnt the craft with which their names will
for all time be associated. Tho list of artists
to whom they gave commissions, or whose
work tboy engraved, includes such names as
thoseof Fred. Walker, G. J. Pinwell, A. Boyd
Houghton, J. Watson, John Pettie,
D.
Heikomer, J. W.
North, Fred. Barnard,
Leighton, G. F. Watts, Birket Foster, Sir
John Gill)ert, Rossetti, Du Maujier, Sir
John Tcnniel, and Harrison Weir. For many
years they were the chief engravers of Fundi,
the ('ornliiU ^hujazine, Good ll'ords, and
the Sunday Magusine, and tho popularity of
some of the above-mentioned names is unques-
tionably due in a large measure to the
manner in which their drawings were
" translated " by the Dalziels, though some
artists complainedof their results. It would be
noexaggeration to describe them asthesavionrs
of English book-illustration, for they found it
degraded, and raised it by their energy and
taste to a very high standard.
George Dalziel was the fourth son of Alex-
ander Dalziel, an artist, of Wooler, Northum-
berland, and was born on December 1st, 1815.
He came up to London in 1835,
lirst a pupil Charles Gray, being after-
of
wards associated with Ebenezer Landells.
When he had started on his own account he
was joined by his brother Edward, and later
by his two other brothers, John and Thomas,
all of whom were draughtsmen as well as en-
gravers. For over half a century the Dalziel
Brothers were in the first rank of London
engravers, but the popular introduction of
the various processes of rei^roducing illustra-
tions by photographic means almost banished
wood engraving, and in 1893 George Dalziel
and his brother retired from the concern which
)>y their skill and enterprise they had success-
fully created and maintained.
It would be impossible to give here a
complete list of the numerous illustrated
works which the Dalziel Brothers produced.
The 'Arabian Nights,' 1863, the 'Pil-
grim's Progress' of the same year, and the
'
Bible Gallery,' 1880-81 (the last had been in
preparation for about twenty years), are
perhaps their greatest achievements. They
engraved the historic picture entitled
'
Foreign Affairs which was the first draw-
'
ing contributed to Pitncli by John Leech
their work will also be found in Charles
Staunton's Shakspeare, in Millais's 'Parables
of our Lord,' in Birket Foster's 'Beauties of
English Landscape,' in editions of Don
Quixote,' Longfellow's 'Poems,' Barry Corn-
wall's Dramatic Scenes and Poems,' Tenny-
'
son's 'Poems,' Goldsmith's 'Works,' and
many other books. The story of the firm is
briefly told in the late Gleeson White's
'English Illustration,' and at greater length
in the memoir of Dalziel Brothers which
appeared last year.
Mr. George Dalziel possessed considerable
literary gifts, and several volumes of poems
and short stories by him have been published
from time to time. R.
THE DUTUIT COLLECTION.
The which are appearing in the
stories
French newspapers about the late Auguste
Dutuit remind one very much of Balzac's hero
Cousin Pons, biit with this important distinc-
tion, that Cousin Pons's relations got his
art collections, whereas M. Dutuit has left
his to the Paris Municipality. It is surely a
phase of insanity for a man to deny himself
the common comforts of life in order to acquire
objects of art; but history affords many ex-
amples of this type, and the latest of them is
M. Dutuit. This octogenarian lived for many
years in Rome, leading a severely solitary and
secluded life, and wearing antique garments
;
N3902, Aug. 9, 1902
at wliich a respectable tranjp would turn up
his nose and yet the monetary value of his
;
legacy is placed at about 10,000,000 francs 1
The collection, which seems to include every
conceivable form of artistic treasure, was
largely the formation of his brother Eugene
Dutuit, who died in 1880, and who visited
and purchased at nearly every important
art sale in Paris for a long period of
years. The collection is fairly well known
to connoisseurs, as the brothers were very
generous in lending selections from their
treasures to public exhibitions. In 18G9 they
sent an important series of antiquities, porce-
lain, enamels, books, and prints to an
exhibition organized at the Palais de I'ln-
dustvie by the Union Centrale des Beaux-Arts,
and a permanent record of that exhibition
exists in the form of a catalogue of the articles
from the Dutuit collection. Nine years later
another selection of antiquities, with medals,
coins, &c., was exhibited at the Trocadero,
when M. Auguste Dutuit superintended the
compilation of a catalogue with numerous
illustrations. The 1881 exhibition of engravings
at the Cercle de la Librairie and the exhibition
in the following year of books, prints, and anti-
quities werelargely successful by reason of the
and was at generous loans of Eugene Dutuit. The latter is
known not only as a collector, but as an author.
His 'Manuel de I'Amateur d'Estampes was '
commenced in 1881, but came to a premature
end with the sixth volume in 1885, and is, so
far as it goes, a standard book on the subject
but perhaps his greatest work is the Qi^uvre '
Complet' of Rembrandt, 1881-5, in forty parts,
and supplement in thirty-five portfolios,
described and illustrated from his own collec-
tion. Three years ago a limited number of
a catalogue appeared, 'La Collection Dutuit,'
in a folio volume, in which are described and
illustrated some of the more remarkable
literary treasures, such as bindings and MSS.,
in this collection. The bronzes, ivories, glass,
sculpture, majolica, and porcelain are described
by M. Frcehner in a catalogue which extends
to three volumes. The entire collection is to
be exposed at the Petit Palais, and if Paris
does not cai'e to accept the gift it is to go to
Rome. There can be very little question as
to the final resting-place of this collection,
which is at the present time stowed away in
two or three houses.
;
Mr. H. p. Horne, who is well known as an
authority on the early English school of water-
'
colour draughtsmen, is engaged on a study of
that most remarkable and interesting artist
Alexander Cozens, who may be regarded as the
father of English water colour. He informs u
that he has discovered the titles of a number of
writings by him, no copies of which are to be
found either in the British Museum or the
South Kensington Library. Mr. Home would
be greatly obliged if any one who possesses any
of them or any drawings or letters of A. Cozens
would communicate with him at 14, Cheyne
Walk, Chelsea. The titles of the books are as-
follows :(1) Essay to Facilitate the Inventing
'
of Landscapes,' 7 plates, 1759 (2) Treatise on
;
'
Perspective, and Rules for Shading by Inven-
tion (sic), 1765
'
(3)
;
The Shape, Skeleton, and
'
Foliage of Thirt y two Species of Trees, for the L' se-
of Painting and Drawing,'1771; (4) 'Delineations-
of the General Character, Ramification, and
Foliage of Forest Trees,' 19 plates, 1786, a
reissue of No. 3 ; (5) ' New Method of assist-
ing the Invention in drawing Original Composi-
tions of Landscape,' 1785 (6) ' The Various-
;
Species of Composition in Nature,' 16 subjects
in 4 plates, with some observations and instruc
tions.
The death of Hendrik Willem Mesdag a few
days ago removes one of the most distinguished
Dutch artists of to-day, and perhaps the best oJ
 N" 3902, Aug. 9, 1902
the marine painters. He was born at Groniugen
on February 23rd, 1831, and settled some
years ago at The Hague. Mesdag's work has
not yet become popular with collectors in this
country, and so far as we remember he is un-
represented in any public gallery in England.
There are, however, a few specimens in the
hands of private collectors of judgment and
taste. He did not devote himself to an art
career till about 18CG. He gained a medal at
the Salon in 1870, and received additional
medals for his exhibits at the Expositions Uni-
verselles of 1878, 1889, and 1900. One of his
pictures is in the Luxembourg.
Not satisfied with patronizing those artists
who paint original pictures, the fine-art authori-
ties of the French Government are just now
giving the copyists a chance. Within the last
few days a committee, composed of MM. G.
Lafenestre, L. Benedite, and Kaempfen, have
examined at the Luxembourg six copies of the
more important pictures in that gallery, and
of these they have selected two, the purchase of
which will be recommended tu the Minister of
Fine Arts. The titles of the two pictures have
not been disclosed. It will probably be news
to many that a committee meet twice annually
in Paris for the purpose of selecting the most
successful copies of pictures in the various Paris
picture galleries.
The genre painter Ludwig Stiirtz, whose
death took place recently in his sixtieth year,
was a pupil of Lindenschmit, to whose methods
he remained faithful, though each of his works
shows his own idealizing style. He never
painted for mere effect, and was a somewhat
slow worker. Among his best things are The '
Wandering Musician,' 'The Poacher's Fare-
well,' and Ahasuerus,' which
'
created a sensa-
tion at the Munich Exhibition of 1900.
The death announced from Brussels of
is also
the historical and portrait painter Gustave
Vanaise in his forty eighth year. He was an
artist of considerable merit, and especially
noted for his colouring.
The fate of the late Lord Cheylesmore's mag-
nificent collection of some 14,000 prints will
be watched with the keenest interest by all
amateurs. The money value of the collection
cannot be much less than 100,000?., and may be
considerably more. It is perfectly well known
that Lord Cheylesraore intended it for the
British Museum, and he often said as much. It
is believed that he made provisions in his will
to that effect, but the will is destroyed and if ;
there is no mention in the drafts, upon which
probate was granted on Monday, as to the dis-
position of the prints. Lord Cheylesmore's
executors cannot be compelled to hand the
collection over to the Museum. Moral and
legal claims are very different things. It will
be almost a national calamity if this collection
is dispersed. If the Museum is not to
have the whole of the collection, it is to be
hoped that it may have the opportunity of
selecting such items as it requires.
Under the able Mr. D. S.
editorship of
MacColl the Review is gradually
.IrcJiitect^i.ral
extending its scope. The July number contains
the beginning of a series of articles by Mr.
Edward S. Prior and Mr. Arthur Gardner,
-which, when complete, will form the first com-
prehensive account of English mediiuval figure
sculpture. The first article is a remarkably
clear and illuminating account of pre-Conquest
sculpture, in which the extraordinary anomaly
of the early Northumbrian figure work of the
seventh and eighth centuries is plausibly
explained. The attempt to treat English figure
sculpture in relation to the artistic develop-
ments of the rest of Europe and the absence of
any trace of insular prejudice and narrowness
of view are especially commendable. only We
wish that the authors would treat this part of
their subject in much greater detail there is ;
.need for a special and exhaustive study of
THE ATHEN^UM
Saxon work in particular. In the same
figure
number an article by Mr. H. P. Home on
is
the date at which Leonardo da Vinci began the
altarpiece for the Annunziata, of which the
cartoon exists at Burlington House. The rosult
of a document here published for the first time
is to confirm Vasari's account of the matter.
Vasari's share in the destruction of Leonardo's
'
Battle of the Anghiari is also discussed in
' State intervention, and, to show how continental
detail.
The dissolution of the Socidti? Fran^aise de
Gravure, which started in 1878, has resulted in
a very important acquisition to the Louvre.
The society's stock of 102 copper-plates, with
11,000 proofs, will be transferred to the Louvre
so soon as the legal formalities of the liquida-
tion have been gone through. The more import-
ant of these plates include L'Apparition of * '
Gustave Moreau, engraved by Sulpis Le
Sacre de Napoleon I.' of David, engraved also
by Sulpis La Maitresse du Titien of
;
'
Titian, and La Belle Ferronnifere
' of
Leonardo da Vinci, engraved by Dauquin
'
Le Mariage Mystique of Memling, engraved
' important factor in the economy of our civic
by Francois Les Pelerine d'Emmaiis of
;
' '
Rembrandt, engraved by Gaillard, and others.
The value of this acquisition is placed at
1,000,000 francs.
A SITE for archteological excavations in Asia
]Minor, according to a report from Constantinople
in the Allgemeine Zeitung, has been presented
by the Sultan to the German Emperor. It is
situated near the Kalatel Schirgal, lying within
the Imperial Ottoman domains of Masul, and
promises to yield a rich booty of monumental
remains of Assyrian culture.
MUSIC
RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
The Operatic Problem. By William John-
son Galloway, M.P. (Long.) The opera
season at Covent Garden has just come to a
close, and a short season of opera in English
by the Moody Manners company will commence
on the 23rd inst. The one, with its high prices,
was frequented chiefly by the wealthy class the
other, with moderate prices and works given in
the native tongue, will make a more direct appeal
to the general public, and if, as we hope, suc-
cessful, may strengthen the desire entertained
by thoughtful musicians for permanent opera.
Mr. Galloway's aim is the establishment of a
system of National Opera (i.e., opera in
English) in this country, and he hopes that his
booklet may help to bring about such a state
of things. The various systems of running
opera on the continent of Europe are briefly
set forth, and thus useful information is fur-
nished from which certain conclusions are
drawn. A more practical method of approaching
this important question could scarcely be
adopted, and as Mr. Galloway writes in a clear
style, and as one who has carefully studied the
subject, his arguments deserve consideration.
There are two forms of criticism which he
wishes to meet in advance. Some, he says,
"will say it is useless hoping to get public
money for a luxury whilst the nation is engaged
in a costly war." Such criticism is now, for-
tunately, out of date. The second is "the
criticism of those who look upon all theatres and
opera-houses as vicious and rontra honos mores."
Mr. Galloway meets this second objection in
an indirect kind of way when he says that the
evils objectors fear "are not inherent only to
the stage, but also exist in almost every other
walk of life." It would, we think, have been
better merely to express the ho{)e that the
directors of a National Opera would favour
works of a healthy character.
Our author justly remarks that In earlier
times, while other states and nations were
patronizing the new form of art, England
alone remained indifi'orent. But we were en-
gaged in a civil war, and after it came the Com-
199
monwealth, both detrimental to the cause of art
generally. Again, had Purcoll lived longer, and
had Handel not visited these shores, tlie course
of our operatic history would probably have
been very diflerent. As to the various attempts
to establish national opera from the time of
Arne down to Carl Rosa, they all, and through
various causes, failed. Mr. Galloway advocates
nations faro "under the regis of State-aided
Art, " describes briefly how the "operatic ma-
chinery " works in Italy, Germany, and France.
In the first country the theatre is under muni-
cipal control, and the subsidy varies according
to the importance of the theatre in Germany
;
liberal State subsidies are granted, and thus
moderate prices are possible and managers are
able to study the interests of high art, and thus
;
* to form public taste ;in France the four chief
theatres of the capital are subsidized, while in
'
the provinces the municipal system prevails.
'
Mr. Galloway favours the Italian idea, "as the
;
municipal element has become, of late, an all-
life," and in this we believe he is right. On a
plan which he submits it is suggested that the
interests of a London National Opera-House
should be "looked after by a Board under the
supervision of the Education Department,"
because, says our author, that would "sanc-
tion the theory of the educational mission of the
venture." This we consider of prime import-
ance. It is that blessed word " education " that
has to be constantly set before our statesmen,
legislators, and the public. The idea of
support for a place devoted to amuse-
ment, at times not of a very exalted kind,
for an institution which at present exists
almost entirely as a fashionable entertainment,
must seem to many a foolish one. But once
the idea gains ground that a well-conducted
opera-house may by noble music refine, and by
works of high ethical purpose elevate, the
masses, then the "operatic problem," if not
solved, will be well on the high road to solution.
Mr. Galloway has discussed the matter in the
right spirit, but even he will make use of the
;
term " entertainment," which, although qualified
as " instructive," helps to perpetuate prejudice.
There are certain operas and operettas of light
and amusing character, and the great working
public wants such relaxation but there are also
;
great and serious works, which in their own
way are powerful factors in the cause of civiliza-
tion .
Meine Welt : Bilder aus dem Geheimfache
meiner Kunstundmeines Lebeiis. VonEniilSauer.
(Berlin and Stuttgart, W. Spemann.) The
author of this book is, we believe, the first
pianist of note to tell the story of his early life,
his student days, and of the manner in which
he achieved fame and fortune. Liszt might
have written a book on these lines specially fas-
cinating to pianists, but when the great artist,
still in the prime of manhood, retired he left
to his biographer the task of relating his trium-
phal tours through Europe, while his friends and
enthusiastic admirers raved about the magnetic
influence which ho exerted over them. Yet
Liszt acted wisely ;in the volume under notice
we find those pages in which the author refers
to his own performances the least satisfactory.
But Sauer writes about Spain, Italy, Turkey,
England, America, andothercountries visited by
him, about distinguished men and women whom
he met, and about his teachers and contem-
porary pianists. Therein lie the charm and
interest of the book. It opens with an account
of his grandfather, Julius (Jurdun, who in his
day enjoyed no small reputation as a portrait
painter. Again, he gives a long account of Mr.
Brabazon, the artist, who, when our author
first came to London in 1884, formed a strong
and lasting friendship with him to Mr. Bra-
;
bazon Sauer owes, indeed, much, and he has not
l)een unmindful of the advice, encouragement,
and help wiiich he received from him. Among
 200
many others of whom mention is made we
single out the Princess Sayn- Wittgenstein. He
played to her at Rome, and she telegraphed and
afterwards wrote to Liszt in such glowing terms
that Sauer, on arriving at Weimar, received a
hearty welcome from the great pianist, who from
that time forth until his death became the young
artist's friend and counsellor. In his early days
Sauer was also fortunate in coming under the
influence of Rubinstein, then at the zenith of
his fame. It was in the winter of 1877 that he
heard him at Hamburg, and as Paganini
electrified Schumann, so the Russian pianist
seems to have stirred Sauer to the very depths.
Rubinstein heard him play, and recommended
Sauer's mother to send her son to the Moscow
Conservatoire, of which his brother Nicolas
Rubinstein was the director. Sauer's father
did not like the idea of his becoming a pianist,
but felt that resistance was now hopeless.
To the two Rubinstein brothers much space
is devoted. Our author only heard Liszt
when long past his prime, hence he cannot insti-
tute comparison for him Anton Rubinstein
;
as an interpreter of the great masters repre-
sented pianoforte playing at its highest pitch.
There was extraordinary life, character, soul, in
his readings he made his audience feel the
;
grandeur of Beethoven, the sentiment of Schu-
mann, the charm of Chopin. Sauer went into
ecstasy over him, and from the time of the
first hearing until Rubinstein's death his
admiration never ceased. Nearly ten years have
passed by since the master died, and one is
sometimes inclined to fancy that memory
magnifies the past. But here we meet with a
man himself highly gifted, a man who could
fully appreciate excellence, and he seems
scarcely able to find language strong enough to
express the wonderful impression which Rubin-
stein's playing made on him. His words, there-
fore, carry weight; theyarenot mere parrot-cries.
Pianists come and pianists go, but the equal of
Rubinstein, we believe, has yet to be found.
Sauer, as already mentioned, studied at Moscow
under the brother Nicolas, who must have been a
wonderful teacher the praise of his master is
;
indeed loud and strong. He also greatly admired
him as a pianist, but frankly acknowledges
that when Anton was "en grande forme " he
reached "dizzy heights whither no one could
follow him, not even his keenest rival, the
powerful Nicolas." This book, as we have
already said, is interesting, and we recommend
it to all pianists even to the general reader,
;
with its tales of travel, its glimpses of courts,
and its amusing anecdotes, it cannot fail to prove
entertaining. It would be worth translating
into English.
Te Rangi Pai, the New Zealand contralto,
gave her concert at the Queen's Hall on
first
Tuesday evening. This vocalist, who has a
powerful voice and who sings with no little skill
and effect, was heard in various light songs.
Although this is her "first concert," this lady
has already made successful appearances
at the Albert Hall. On Tuesday she was
assisted by artists from Australia and New
Zealand Miss Florence Schmidt, already an
established favourite here; Miss Amy Simp-
son, from Sydney, who possesses a soprano
voice of pleasing quality Miss Mabel Manson,
; time the most elementary precautions are
Messrs. A. L. Edwards and H. Stockwell, and
the Victorian violinist Mr. Ernest Toy also
;
the Griffiths Trio. A characteristic feature of
the evening was the appearance of the Maori
contingent, who gave the royal greeting
to Mr. Seddon, who was present, and
also a welcome to other distinguished
guests. In these greetings rhythm played a
prominent and to this important element
part,
of folk-music were added the usual emphatic
movements of head, hands, and feet.
THE ATHEN^UM
In the '
Beethoven and Clementi ' article
which appeared a fortnight ago reference was
made to eight letters "placed at our disposal"
by Sir Cecil Clementi-Smith. This gentleman
now writes to explain that his brother, Col.
Clementi, is the real owner of those letters.
Mk. Robert New^ian announces that
arrangements have been made for the Prome-
nade Concerts at Queen's Hall to commence on
Saturday evening, August 23rd. The season
will consist of eleven weeks. Mr. Henry J.
Wood will, as usual, be the conductor, and Mr.
Arthur W. Payne leader of the orchestra.
We noted, some weeks ago, that Decem-
ber 11th, 1803, will be the centenary of the
birth of the great French composer Hector
Berlioz, and expressed the hope that the event
would be worthily celebrated in this country.
We learn that preparations are already being
made for a musical festival at Grenoble from
August 14th to 17th, 1903. A committee
has been formed under the presidentship of M.
Jules de Begli^, president of the Chamber of
Commerce in that city. The Institut will be
represented, and it is hoped that the President
of the Republic, himself a native of Dauphine,
will be present. Berlioz was born at the Cote-
Saint- Andre, between Vienne and Valence.
M. Alexandre Guilmant, the distinguished
organist, has concluded his series of recitals at
the Trocaddro, Paris, for the present year. He
will shortly publish the programmes, which
contain no fewer than 109 different pieces by
French, German, Austrian, Bavarian, Bohemian,
Italian, Belgian, Spanish, and Danish composers.
So states Le Menestrel of August 3rd. M. Guil-
mant has paid many visits to this country, and,
if only out of compliment, England might, one
would think, have been represented by, at any
rate, one piece.
Le Menestrel of August 3rd also states that a
tablet has been placed in front of the White
Swan at Marienbad, where Chopin stayed in
1836. The inscription is both in Polish and
French. It was then that the composer is said
to have proposed to Maria Wodzin'ska, whose
brothers he had known from boyhood they
; September 27th is the date fixed by Mr.
were, in fact, boarders in his father's establish-
ment. Chopin proposed, but the parents
objected to the union, and in the following year
they disposed of Maria's hand to Count Frede-
rick Skarbek. The marriage, an unhappy one,
was soon dissolved. In one of the letters pub-
lished in 1899 in the Biblioteka Warszaivsla,
written by Chopin to his friend Fontana, there
is an interesting reference to this romantic
episode.
DRAMA
^ramatk <i0S8igf.
It is to be hoped that the County Council
legislation with regard to theatres will not
become oppressive. At present their proceed-
ings are not satisfactory. The rapid changes
of control result in little more than the
doing away by one committee of what-
ever has been ordered by its predecessor.
Lender the direction of the County Council
an architect with no special knowledge of
theatrical construction finds, as it appears,
a satisfaction in reversing the decisions of a
man no better qualified than himself. Mean-
neglected. It will not readily be believed that
in the very latest theatres, those even in course
of erection, the rakes on to which the scenery is
lifted from the stage are of wood, which the
heat of the footlights dries into something like
tinder, instead of being, as they should be, of
metal. It is there precisely that the danger of
fire is greatest, and the ignorance with regard
to these things is exactly of the kind that
brings into contempt military and naval
management.
N 3902, Aug. 9, 1902
Mr. Walter Fremen Lord, who in the July
number of the Nineteenth Century and After
undertook the defence of the Reader of Plays
and the condemnation of M. Maurice Maeter-
linck, returns this month to the charge and
declares that he has received "many assurances
of gratitude " for his paper. This may well be.
The cases are few in which a man may claim an
absolute monopoly of narrowness or prejudice.
Mr. Lord indulges in such gems of language as.
that Monna Vanna is a tawdry maudlin ver-
' '
sion of 'Lady Godiva.' We cannot undertake to
combat all that is disingenuous in Mr. Lord's
pages, not even the implication that the nudity
of Monna Vanna
is visible to the audience.
It
is, indeed, strange to find Faust spoken of as
'
'
"a play that has held the operatic stage for
"
forty years " It has held " the operatic stage
!
for more than double that time, having been
first seen at Frankfort as an opera in 1818.
It
would be seemlier to speak of the 'Faust 'of
Goethe by itself than, in bracketing it with
'
Monna Vanna,' to associate with it the music-
of Spohr, Sey fried, B^ancourt, Lindpaintner,
Pellaert, Hennebert, Rietz, Gounod, and half a
dozen other composers.
The only theatrical event of the week at the-
West-End theatres has consisted of the closing
of Her Majesty's on the 8th inst. This was
commemorated by a supper on the stage, to
which a few chosen associates of Mr. and Mrs.
Tree were bidden to meet " The Merry Wives of
Windsor." Mr. Tree departs for Marienberg,
Miss Terry for Aix-les-Bains, and Mrs. Kendal
for her home at Filey. Mrs. Tree, with her
family, returns to her cottage at Bognor.
On
the 25th the Princess's will try yet one
more experiment by producing The Fatal '
Wedding,' a play that has had some success in
America. It seems by the description presented
to be a hybrid of melodrama, song, and dance.
During his country tour Mr. Terry aims at
producing a serious comedy adapted by Mr.
L. N. Parker from the French, and You Never '
Know,' a farce by Mr. Gilbert Dayle.
Tree for the production at Her Majesty's of
'The Eternal City,' in which Miss Constance
Collier will be Roma. Incidental music will be
supplied by Signor Mascagni.
In consequence of the alterations which have
to be made at the Comedy the production of
Mr. Victor Widnell's new piece is postponed
until the first week of next month. Miss Lily
Hall Caine as the heroine will be replaced by
Miss Gertrude Kingston, other parts being now
assigned Mr. F. Kerr, Mr. Charles Groves, and
Mr. C. Aubrey Smith.
Mrs. Langtky will, during the autumn,
reopen the Imperial with a novelty,
Because I love You,' a new melodrama by
'
Mr. F. A. Scudamore, has been given during
the week at the Fulham Theatre.
The Flute of Pan is the title of a five-act
' '
comedy which has been completed by John
Oliver Hobbes.
The reconstructed Elephant and Castle
Theatre opened on Monday with a sporting
piece called 'Bound to Win.'
SiGNORA Dusk's American tour will begin at
Boston on October 20th with La Gioconda.' '
The St. George's Hall, which has many
theatrical associations and has of late been a
home for German plays, has been put up at
auction, and bought in for the sum of 14,500L
To Correspondents. E. B. L. A. G. M. G. received^
J. W. W. You misunderstand.
M. E. C Inquiring.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications..
 N3902, Aug. 9, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 201

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'

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London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 1">, Waterloo Place, S.W.



202 THE ATHEN^UM N3902, Aug. 9, 1902

" Learned, Chatty, Useful." Athenoeum.

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Edinburgh Review^ October, 1880.

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The Eighth Series of NOTES AND QUERIES,

complete in 12 vols. (JANUARY, 1892, to DECEMBER, 1897), price 10s. 6cZ. each Volume.,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies, Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.

SECOND SELECTION.
E3NGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH HISTORY. POPULAR and PROVERBIAL SAYINGS.
Wreck of the Grosvenor Gunpowder Plot Sons of
Harold " Leaps and bounds " " First catch your hare " Gondola of
Heart Burial Henrietta
Maria's Maids of Honour Henry VIL's London Grass
-Widow Halifax Law "Hand of glory"
Title to the Crown Henry VIII. and Bells of St. Paul's " Hear, hear " " Let us walk down Fleet Street " " Lungs of !

Legitimist Jacobite League John of Gaunt's Pedigree
London."
Abp. Juxon and Charles I. Battle of Killiecrankie
Lord Salis-
PHILOLOGY.

bury on Small Maps Pre-Reformation Markets on Sunday
English Royal Marriages Mary, Queen of Scots Member of Gnoffe

Gemmace " Geology " First Used Ghost Names Gingham
Golf Good-bye Grammersow La Grippe Haggis
Parliament, the Title.
Hagoday Ha - ha Handicap Harrow Henchman Hoodlum
BIOGRAPHY. Humbug Split Infinitive Rime to " Iron " Italian Idiom
Gainsborough's Father and Mother Goethe and Smollett
Jessamy Jigger Jingo Jubilee Larrikin Lay and Lie
Death of Claverhouse Lady Mary and Lady Katherine Grey Leary Leyrestowe Lilac Luce Madam or Mistress
Gundrada de Wareune Nell Gwynn Lady Hamilton John
" Maisie hierlekin " Marish, Biblical Word Maunder Pro-

Hampden Lord Mayor Harley Lowell on Hawthorne An
nunciation of Mexican Names
Michery ^Thieving.
Early Vaccinator Joan
^ of Arc Dr. Johnson on Oats Charles GENEALOGY and HERALDRY.
Lamb Hannah
as a Ritualist Marriage Macaulay Lightfoot's

Gartur Arms Genealogical Searches Hatchments in Churches
and Robert Montgomery Flora Macdonald Lockhart on Maginn
Malone and Shakespeare's Bust Cardinal Manning's Birth
Angels as Supporters Anomalies in Heraldry Arms bequeathed
Marlowe's Death Cabot's Ship the MatthewMohammed's

by Will Label in Heraldry Shamrock in National Arms
Burial of Sir John Moore.
Supporters of English Sovereigns Heralds' Visitations Herons'
Coffin

Plumes The Label Manx Arms Military Banners.
BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY. FINE ARTS.
' Gammer Gurton's Garland * Garden of the Soul Gaule's' '
Stained Glass England
' Mag-astro-mancer

'Gentleman's Magazine' Motto
'
Gibbon's
Grinling Gibbons's
Carvings
Portraits of Warren Hastings B. R. Hay don Hoare of Bath
in

Neglected Books
Goldsmith's " Padoreen " Mare '
Grand Hogarth Holbein's 'Ambassadors' Holman Hunt's 'Scape-
Magazine of Magazines' Gray's 'Elegy'
Poem by A. H. goat' Angelica Kauffmann Portraits of Keats Needlework

Hallam Author of Imitatio Christi Original of Bracebridge
' '
Pictures H. H. JMartin Masons' Marks Miserere Carvings.
J,
Hall Junius's Letters Keble's 'Christian Year' Lyly's
* Euphues School and College Magazines
'
Rattlin the *
ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
Reefer George Meredith's Poems ' Million of Facts
'
Moliere '

Golden Rose Greenstead Church Haliwell Priory, Shoreditch
and Shakespeare. Hanwell
Church Our Lady of Hate Early Headstones
First Burning for Heresy in England High Ercall Church
I>0PULAR ANTIQUITIES and FOLK-LORE.
Horse Skulls in Churches Host eaten by Mice Church near
Games Garlands Personal Adornment
in Churchyards for
Royal Exchange Martin's Abbey, Somerset Miracle Plays in
Garlic to the Compass Ghost Miners Best Ghost Story
falsify Fifteenth Century^Miraculous Statues Mitre and Cope.
Gloves and Kisses Good Friday Graal Legends Hanging TOPOGRAPHY.
in Chains Herring Pie the King The Horkey King's Evil
Wedding KnifeLatter Lammas Luck Money Stone that
for

Gosford Isle of Wight, its Governor or Governess Haddon
Loveth Iron Mandragora Marriage Customs May Day
Hall Haggerston Icknield Way Leper Hospitals in Kent
Customs Moon Lore. Lincoln's Inn Fields
Vanishing London.
MISCELLANEOUS.
5>0ETRY, BALLADS, and DRAMA.
Austrian Flags at Acre and Gibraltar Hugo and Aldebaran
Archangel Gabriel and the Drama Garrick and his Wife
Beggar's Opera in Chancery God save the King
'
The
God save '
' '
'

American War of Independence

" White Fryers " in Ale Alphabet-man America, its Name

Animals as Thieves and

the Queen Green- Room '

Handel and the Harmonious Black- '
Hat
Knuckle-bones
First Steamship to
smith
Harlequin
'
John Heminge
Mountfort's Murder Burglars Anstey

'Home, Sweet Home' "Jesu, Lover of my soul" "Drink to cross the Atlantic "
One-Pound Notes Bathing
Auld

Kirk " Whisky
Machines Great
Austrian Lip
Beds Evolution
me only with thine eyes " Edmund Kean Comedies by Duke Last Survivor of the Black Hole Sedan Chair
of Leeds Liston Paul Pry Longfellow and the
as '
Village
of the Bicycle
Rain at Cherra Poongee Curious Christian Names Duellists
Twenty-
Blacksmith '

Malebolge Author of the Marseillaise.' '

four-hour Clocks Dead Body arrested for Debt Lady

CLASSICAL SUBJECTS. Eyes Extraordinary Fields Fire put out by the
Greek Anthology " Judaeus Apella "Pronunciation of "Huic" Artificial
Sun First Giraffe in England Post Office Grammar Gretna
"Humpty Dumpty" in Latin Macaronic Latin "Maligna Green Marriages The Guillotine Hats worn in the House of
lux" "Fiat voluntas Dei " " Hie et alubris." Commons Lemon SoleInvention of Lucifer Matches.

Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.G.

 ; ;;;

N3902, Aug. 9, 1902 THE ATHEN^UM 203

NOTES AND QUERIES. THE ATHEN^UM NOTES AND QUERIES.

Journal of Knglish and Foreign Literature, Science,
(NINTH SERIES.) The Fine Arts, Music, and The Drama.

Last ^Veek's ATHKX^-t I'Af contains Articles on

EDICATION and EMPIRE
THIS W:EEKS XUMBBR contaiita:
NOTES -rorona'aonnanteiana Church of Ensflamt Sixty Years Ago
WELSH and IIIISH MKOl.KVAL ROMANCE
Bl'Hl.EY-()N-"l'Hi;-HILL
GREGOROVUSS HISTORY of ROME.
GENERAL INDEXES.
Premieistupsof Victorian Era" Keaperol "OKI Ola(tow Hoiise A STORY of .-iOU TH AFRICA.
Ferdinauilo Wellmsron * Spanish I'rajcr BooU " Man in the A NEW LIFE of ROBESPIERRE.
street "'Coburg'" Arising out of." NEW NOVELS:-.^ Double-barrelled Detective Story; The New
'
christians; Holy Matrimony; McGIusky lime and Chance;
QUERIES: Longfellow " Faith. Hope, and Love were questioned Hi'sitatlon Sentimontale.
;

Cardinal Allen Lines in l*\ircell- School in Scotland Vox LOCAL HISl'OKV.

'Caste ': rro'otTpes- M (luillans of ininluce- Pepvs and Sanderson OKI ENTAL LITER.VTURE.
Families-Englishmen liuned Abroad Nominal ilurdcn Knights
of the Garter Familv Crests " Killj- '-Tin Can I'urchas his
Pilgrimes.' 1S'.\>-" Loophole "IJnes on Withered A\ ild Flower

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I'OVKISTS.
THE FOLLOWING ARE STILL IN
OUR LIBKAUY I'AIiLE :-Studie9 in Irish Hi.story and Biography;
Poljgraphio Hall Whitefield's 'Hvmns
Eighteenth Century Indexes.
First Edition Kutter :

(ireat F'rench
and Mumt ;
Preaehei-s Writers Vear-Hook Prince EugC'ne
;

Mr. Passraore Edwards French Parliamentary Poets ;

; STOCK:
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before the Conquest References I.ISr of

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of the PRESS EDMUND PVLE, D,D. SALES. ; ;
GENERAL INDEX,
verbs in 'Jacula rrudentum Knighiliood "Leaps and bounds"
:

'
Aiso-
.\rms of Eton and Winchester Colleges Merry England aiul the LITERAUY GOSSIP.
Mass Coleridge Governors of Public Schools " Ye gods and
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FINE Alt'TS : Cathedral Handbooks; Rugs and Laces
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Rho Monogram Statistical Data King's Champion .\Uson's Institute at Southampton Sales; Gossip. ;

Addresses Boudicca Capt. Morris's Wife The MUSICGossip.

Rectorial
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NOTES ON PiOOKS t Houses 'Greek Votire Gflerings -" Chiswick
Shakespeare sladen's London and its Leaders
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HENRY VIII.
in PERSIA.
SIXTH SERIES 6
Notices to Correspondents. The NEW ENGLISH
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SCOITISH PHILOSOPHY.
MR. BOOKEK WASHINGTON'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY'.
T!,e XUMBER for AVGUST 2 coiilmns . I'HBOLOGICAL LITERATURE:-A Critical and Historical Enquiry
NOTES ; Stamp Collecting Forty Years .\go Notes on Skeat's Con- '
into the Oiigin of the 'Third Gospel; 'The Life of St. Luke; A
.lohannine Document in the First Chapter of St Luke's Gospel
GENERAL INDEX,
cise Dictionary Italian Jingoism in l.'>9l B.)ok-titles in liooks- 'The Gospel according to St John an Inquiry into its Genesis and
" Quick "t Italian-iron "Raising the wind" Coronation Post- Historical Value 'The Epistles of St John, the Greek Text with
:

ponement Cries of Animals Female Stenographers in Old Times
Dickens and TibuIIus.
;

Notes and Essays Etudes sur les F.vangiles The Credibility of

;

the Book of the "Acts of the Apostles being the Hulsean Lectures :
;
SEVENTH SERIES ... G
for UK)0-liH)l An Introduction to the 'Thessalonian Epistles, con-
QIERIES : Eolton .\bbey Compotns General E. Mathew Black for
;

taining a \'indication of the I'auline Authorship of both Epistles,

Mourning Race of the Gybbina Mrs. Barker, Novelist Anderton and an Interpretation of the Eschatological Section of 2 Thess. ii.
Flint Ferrey Nones'opretties " " Spinnel ' Holme of Holme
:
"

Hall Dunlop Coincidence " Pristinensis Episcopus Baker

:

SHDRT STORIES.
STATE PAPERS and CALENDARS. GENERAL INDEX,
St- Ernulphus Waterloo Ballroom Haselock Family Danes in
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Story.
OUR LIBRARY TABLK : Lord Strathcona ; M'ar Horses Present and

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LIST of
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" Mallet or '

.Mullrt ' .Met "National Flag Orange Blossoms
" Beatiti.* vision"" " .\stonish the natives Waldby Family
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HERE'S a HEALTH UNTO HIS MAJESTY; MR. KEG\N PAUL;
Arms- Stoning the Wren Marks on Table Linen " .'^ixes and SAMOAN SACRED ANIMALS; EDMUND PYLE, D.D 'FROM ;

sevens" .American Edition of Dickens Locomotive and Gas the FLEET in the FIFTIES' ; The FIREFLY in ll'.ALY ; SALES.
Fleetwood I'edigree Lady Nottingham .Ainsworth Byron's Ai,so
Grandfather Halley Family Heuskarian Karity- Slang of the LITER.VRV GOSSIP.
Past-Bookmarkers-Phaer Grace before Meal' Box Harrv " SCIENCE Millai3 on : Surface-feeding Ducks; History of Geology;
Hobbins Family Tib s Eve. Gossip. For Copies by post an additional Three-
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NOTES ON BOOKS -Hills' Antonio Stradivari ' Yorkshire Archaeo-
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" and the Palace of Knossos Sales Gossip
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logical Journal," Parts C3 and&l English Historical Review." ' MUSIC; 'Don Giovanni"; Production of Der Wald Royal
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'
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pence is charged.
Academy St'Jdents' Performance Beethoven and dementi ;

Notices to Correspondents. Gossip.

DR.AM.i : 'Les Deux tcoles '
; Gossip.

r,e .vr."l/Bfi for JVLT 26 eontaina:

The A THENMVM
for July 19 contains Articles on JOHN C, FRANCIS,
NOTES : " in Barbonrs
Corn bote Brnce Landor on Singing '
SIR HAliKY JOHNSTON on the UGAND.V PROTECTORATE.
Birds Thackeray
and Homoeopathy-'' Hoping against hope"
The VAKIETIES of RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE.
Shakespeare .\llnsions Boudicca its Pronunciation Writing :
The HOUSE of PERCY.
Notes and Queries Office,
Lessons on Sand Sale of the Old Prince of Wales's Theatre EARLY HISTORY of the FRENCH in NORTH AMERICA.
"From the lone shieling "-Scott's Woodstock Schoolboys' '

The HOLYHEAD ROAD

Rights at Weddings Pam=Knave otClnbs- Born on the Field of
'

11, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C,

Waterloo. NEW NOVELS : The Conqueror; 'The Eveshams The Searchers ; ;

'The Late Ketnrning My Lady Peggy goes to Town The Diamond ; ;

UVERIE* : References Wanted Hodgskin' I shall pass through of Evil; Prophet Peter Scud. ;

this worli " Bcasley. Beeslcy, &c. Capt Morris's Wife Spearing ANTHROPOLOGY and FOLK-LORE. In 2 vols, crown Svo, with 2 Portraits, 24).
Governors of Public Schools" Charley " in Popular Rimes AFRICAN PHILOLOGY.
North- West Fox from the North- West Passage,' 1G.3."/ Gounod- RECENT VERSE. TOHN FRANCIS and the 'ATHBN^DM.'
Duke of Brabant Lfgend of Lady Alice Lea Butler's Erewhon ' ' PALESTINE and the JEWS.
King's-laper-" First love is a rank exotic" Almond Tree and OUR LIBRARY TABLE : Papers from the 'Saturday Review"; tf A Literary Chronicle of Half a Century.
Old Age Black Hole of ( alcutta Last Survivor Rockall.\nstria :
History of Trinity Hall From the Fleet in the Fifties ; ; The College
and the Isle of Man Lady Elizabeth Percy. Student in the United States An Anthology. ; By JOHN C. FRANCIS.
LIST of NEW BOOKS.
REPLIES : Brnce and Burns Snodgrass-Cipher-Story Bibliography- The DISBANDING of the CROMWELLIAN ARMY; The FIREFLY
Napoleon's First Marriage -^Io^ming Sunday 'Dirty Old Man ' in ITALY A QUESTION of FACTS ROBERT CROMWELL
"'That invaluable work 'John Francis: a Literary Chronicle of Halt
Likenesses of Jesus Iron Duke " In an interesting condition"
; ; ; a Century.'" PjiWis/ierj' Circular, May 12, 1900.
The "HOUSEL of EARTH"; 'The LIVRE DHEURES of the

German Letters Comic .Annual Crossing Knives and Forks '
DUKE of CLARENCE'S MOTHER-IN-LAW; The MARRIAGE MacmillaB & Co., Limited, London.
Silhouettes of Children Greek Pronunciation Gender in German and BURIAL CEREMONIES of the OLD PERSIANS; SALES.
and Russian
"Ote-toi de U." &c. Clltlord-BraoseAut' graph

Cottage
Lady Morley " Barracked (Juant
Lime-tree- "
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Also
Baronets of Nova Scotia Papal Provisions .May Cats-Hour of SCIENCE :-Nataral History .\nthropological Notes Gossip. PNEUMATIC DUSTIN&
HARVEY'S PATENTBRUSH.
Sunday Morning Service Dutch Refugees in London Ye gods ; ;

FINE .ARTS: Art History and Biography; Greek Coins;

'

and little fishes: Hebrew Incantations" Returning thanks."' Miss

Williams's Copies of Velasquez ; Oxford 'Topography ; Sales For thoroughly removing Dust from Books, Shelves, &c.,
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ances Next AVeek. from C. J. HARVEY', 11, Church Street, Kidderminster.
Notices to Correspondents. DRAMA : La Veine '; Two Plays Gossip.
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Tl,e XrjIBSRfor JULY 10 conlains.

The ATHEN^lIM for July 12 contains Articles on BONUS YEAR 1902.
NOTES The Craftsman on Chess Bacon-Shakespeare Dunwich MR C. H. FIRTH on CROMWELL'S ARMY.
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION'
" CtJNTENTIO VERITATI8.
N ATIONAL
'
"

or Danmow a Bishops See Of Alley " .Motherland Cur- WORDS am their WAYS in ENGLISH.
madjieon"- Coke' Hlddenitc Young's 'Night I'houghts The SCOTTCOUNTRY and STIRLING.
Comic Scotch" Wedgewood." TWO EDITIONS Of ARISTOPHANES. FOK MUTUAL ASSURANCE. LIFE
QCERIB.S Lowell Qaoutlon Monastic Sheep-farming- Lambrook NEW NOVELS: Ahana; Marta ; A Friend of Nelson; The Second
Paid in Claims more than ... ien,5oo,ooo
Stradling- Tressher Byrons Bust Pronnnciation of O Dic- Generation; 'The Blood Tax; A Blaze of Glory; The Ranee's ...

tionary of Greek Mythology Douglas-' Ghost at the Funeral' Rubies ; .Margaret. Accumulated Funds exceed ... 5,700,000
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Stafford Family Projectl'D on a Saw Wellington Pamphlet-Chi- WAR and the FKENCH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT.
Tlie
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divided,
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JB.i,4OO,O0O.
Division will he made as at November 20, 190:',
; ;
Trinity Monday Byron g Grandfather-HonorlflcabJlitadinitaB- LIST of NEW BOOKS. The next
Cockade of George I. Old Wooden Chest Westminster City The PLOW.MANS TALE'; The LONDON LIBRARY CATALOGUE; and all Assurances previously effected and then existing
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Medals HAVANA in 1702; JOHN CLARE'S LIBRARY; BBLLENDEN'S
Psalter-' Ycleping the Church Autocrat " in RussianMerry .SCOTS TRANSLATION of LIVY BIBLIOGRAPHY oJ WALTER
England and the .Mass Arthur's Crown " Sixes and sevens"
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:
SCIENCE:- Recent l*ubllcations ; Societies; Meetings Next Week
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ARTHUR SMITHER, Actuary and Secretary.

NOTES ON BOOKS -Arrowsmith's 'Registers of Wigan '-' Cata-
FINK ARIS:-Van Dyck's Skelch-Hook; Pottery and Porcelain;
Qracechurch Street, London, E.G.
Kgyptlan Antl'i'ilties at University College Sales; Gossip 48,
logue of Deeds in the Record Office,' Vol, III. Folk lore.' '
;

.MVSlr}: Glasenapp's Life "f Wagner; Oiiera at Covent fiarden ;

Applications for Agrncies invited.
Notices to Correspondents. Crystal Palace Peace Festival; .Mr. lllspham's Recitation of
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204 THE ATHENiEUM N3902, Aug. 9, 1902

CHATTO & WINDUS'S NEW BOOKS.

ROBERT BARRS New Booh, GOOD FELLOWS, illustrated hy Edmund
A PRINCE of J. Sulliwan.
will he READY IMMEDIATELY, crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 6s.
NEW SIX.SniLLING BOOKS. NEW TTTREE-AND-SIXPENNY BOOKS.
ANNALS of the HORSE-SHOE CLUB. By Finch A DOUBLE-BARRELLED DETECTIVE STORY. By
MaUK twain. Choicely printed in red and black. With Illustrations by Lucius 7
MASON. With f) Illustrations by the Author. Hitchcock.

RECOLLECTIONS of DUBLIN CASTLE and of DUBLIN BETWEEN OURSELVES Some : of the Little Problems
BOOIKTY. By A NATIVE. By
of Life. MAX OICKLL, Author of '
Her Koyal Highness Woman,' Ac. SECOND
KDITION.
The CAT'S-PAW. By B. M. Croker. With 112 Illus-
trations by Fred. Pegram. Fourth liilitioa. LOVE, COURTSHIP, and MARRIAGE. By the Rev.
B. J. HAllOY, Author of 'How to be Happy though Married.'
The SHADOW of the ROPE. By E. W. Hornung. BIOGRAPHS of BABYLON. Life Pictures of London's
Moving Scenes. By GEOHGK K. SIMS (" Dagonet
The KING'S COUNSEL. By Frank Richardson. ").

AN INDUSTRIOUS CHEVALIER. By S. Squire Sprigge. SHILLELAGH and SHAMROCK. By M. McD. Bodkin,

K.C, Author of Dora Myrl.' '

CHATTO & WINDUS'S PICCADILLY NOVELS. -crown svo. doth, 3. e^. each.

BY MRS. ALKXANDBR. BY R. E. FRANCILLON. BY JAMBS PAYN.

A Life Interest A Golden AutumnI

A Dog and His Shadow Jack Doyle's Daughter I

A County Family Less Black than we 're
By Woman's Wit Mrs. Crichton's Creditor A Real Queen One by One Ropes of Sand
| |
Walter's Word Painted
The Cost of her Pride The Stepmother BY HAROLD FREDERIC. By Proxy A Confidential Agent
Barbara, Lady's Maid and A Missing Hero A Trying Patient A Grape from a Thorn
Peeress Mona's Clioice Seth's Brother's Wife | The Lawton Girl Holiday Tasks The Talk of the Town
A Fight with Fate Valerie's Fate BY ERNEST GLANVILLE. For Cash Only The Mystery of Mirbridge
BY GRANT ALLEN. The Lost Heiress The Fossicker High Spirits The Word and the Will
Philistia Babylon This Mortal Coil The Golden Rock Tales from the Veld Sunny Stories In Peril and Privation
In all Shades
|
|

The Scallywag A Fair Colonist Lost Sir Massingberd A Modern Dick Whittington
Blood Royal Strange Stories
The Burnt Million The Family Scapegrace
Dumaresq's Daughter The Tents of Shem
BY REV. S. BARING-GOULD. BY MRS. CAMPBELL PRAED.
The Duchess of Powysland At Market Value Eve I
Red Spider Outlaw and Lawmaker I Nulma
Ivan Greet's Masterpiece The Beckoning Hand BY THOMAS HARDY. Mrs. Tregaskiss I
Madame Izan
Sihe Great Taboo For Mairaie's Sake Under the Greenwood Tree. Christina Chard I
As a Watch in the Night
The Devil's Die Under Sealed Orders BY CHARLES READE.
BY BRET HARTE.
BY ROBERT BARR. A Waif of the Plains Clarence Peg Woffington; and Christie j
The Double Marriage
In a Steamer Chair A Woman \ Intervenes Susy Devil's Ford Johnstone Griffith Gaunt Foul Play
From whose Bourne I Revenge !
A Ward of the Golden Gate Barker'.s Luck The and the Hearth
Cloister i A Woman-Hater Hard Cash 1

BY WALTER BESANT AND JAMES RICE. A Sappho of Green Springs A Protegee of Jack Hamlin's It Never Too Late to Mend
is A Simpleton
Colonel Starbottle's Client The Bell-Ringer of Angel's The Course of True Love Put Yourself in His Place
Ready-Money Mortiboy The Monks of Theleraa never did Run Smooth and A Terrible Temptation
The Crusade of the " Excel-
i

This Sonof Vulcan 'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay Gabriel Conroy ;

" Singleheartand Doubleface The Jilt, and other Stories

By Celia's Arbour The Ten Years' Tenant Three Partners sior ;

Sally Dows Tales of Trail and Town Autobiography of a Thief and Good Stories of Man
The Case of Mr. Lucraft I The Chaplain of the Fleet Jack of all 'Trades a Hero
;

and other Animals

;
With Harp and Crown I The Seamy Side BY JULIAN HAWTHORNE. and a Martyr and The A Perilous Secret
The Golden Butterfly My Little Girl
'

Sebastian Strome Garth Wandering Heir

;

Readiana ; and Bible Charac-

WALTER BESANT. Beatrix Randolph David
I

BY SIR Poindexter's Disap- Love Me Little, Love Me Long ters

Herr Paulus Armorel Lyonesse
of
Bllice Quentin pearance
The Ivory Gate St. Katherine's by the Tower
Fortune's Fool | Dust I The Spectre of the Camera BY W. CLARK RUSSELL.
Round the Galley Fire The Phantom Death
The Rebel Queen Verbena Camellia Stephano- BY MRS. HUNGBRFORD. In the Middle Watch The Convict Ship
The Revolt of Man tis A Mental Struggle The Red- House Mystery
All Sorts and Conditions of Beyond the Dreams of The Three Graces
I

The Professor's Experiment

On the Fo'k'sle Head The Last Entry
Men Avarice Nora Creina Marvel
I

An Anxious Moment
A Voyage to the Cape Heart of Oak
The Captains' Room The Master Craftsman April's Lady
I j

A A Book for the Hammock Is He the Man ?

Peters Wife
|
Point of Conscience The Mystery of the " Ocean The Tale of the Ten
All in a Garden Fair In Deacon's Orders Lovice Lady Patty The Coming of Chloe "
Dorothy Forster The City of Refuge
I
Star Alone on a Wide Wide Sea
A Modern Circe A Maiden all Forlorn The Romance of Jenny The Good Ship " Mohock '

Children of Gibeon A Fountain Sealed Lady Verner's Flight Harlowe A Tale of Two Tunnels
The World Went Very Well The Charm Plays
Then The Fourth Generation
:
BY B. LYNN LINTON. An Ocean Tragedy 1
The Death Ship
To Call Her Mine Uncle Jack Paston Carew Under which Lord ? My Shipmate Louise
For Faith and Freedom The Holy Rose Sowing the Wind Dulcie Everton BY ALAN ST. AUBYN,
" My Love " With a Silken Thread
The Bell of St. Paul's The Changeling !

A Fellow of Trinity Gallantry Bower

lone The Rebel of the Family
BY ROBERT BUCHANAN. The One Too Many The Atonement of Learn
The Junior Dean The Wooing of May
A Child of Nature The Master of the Mine Patricia Kemball Dundas Fortune's Gate A Tragic Honeymoon
God and the Man The Heir of Linne The World Well Lost An Octave of Friends
The Master of St. Benedict's A Proctor's Wooing
The Shadow of the Sword Woman and the Man To His Own Master Bonnie Maggie Lauder
The Martyrdom of Madeline Red and White Heather BY JUSTIN McCarthy. Orchard Daraerel Mary Unwin
Love Me for Ever Rachel Dene Linley Rochford Red Diamonds In the Face of the World Mrs. Dunbar's Secret
Annan Water The Charlatan A Fair Saxon Dear Lady Disdain The Tremlett Diamonds.
Matt a Story of a Caravan Andromeda Miss Misanthrope The Riddle Ring
:

The New Abelard Donna Quixote The Three Disgraces BY ADELINE SERGEANT.
Lady Kilpatrick Dr. Endicott's Experiment Under False Pretences
Foxglove Manor Maid of Athens The Waterdale Neighbours |

BY HALL CAINE. Camiola My Enemy's Daughter BY GEORGE R. SIMS.

The Dictator The Comet of a Season
The Shadow of a Crime The Deemster Mary Jane's Memoirs In London's Heart.
A Son of Hagar BY W. H. MALLOCK. Mary Jane Married Without the Liraeligh
(
The New Republic Rogues and Vagabonds The Small-part Lady
BY WILKIB COLLINS. Once upon a Christmas Time A Blind Marriage
Antonina |
Basil The Evil Genius Blind Love
|
BY L. T. MEADE.
Hide and Seek | Armadale The Woman in White In an Iron Grip Dr. Rumsey's Patient
BY HAWLEY SMART.
The Siren The Way of a Woman
,

After Dark No Name The Frozen Deep Without Love or Licence The Master of Eathkelly
A
|

A Rogue's Life The Law and the Lady. Soldier of Fortune A Son Ishmael
of
Long Odds
|
'
Beatrice and Benedick
The Black Robe The Two Destinies The Voice of the Charmer An Adventuress The Outsider A Racing Rubber
Queen of Hearts The Haunted Hotel On- the Brink of a Chasm The Blue Diamond

My Miscellanies The Fallen Leaves BY BERTRAM MITFORD. BY ANTHONY TROLLOPS.

The Moonstone Jezebel's Daughter The Gun-runner I The King's Assegai The Way We Live Now I Mr. Scarborough's Family
Man and Wife The Dead Secret The Luck of Gerard Ridgeley Renshaw Fanning's Quest Frau Frohmann Marion Fay | | The Land-Leaguers
The New Magdalen
|
P<ior Miss Finch
Miss or Mrs. ? "I Say | No The Legacy of Cain BY
D. CHRISTIE MURRAY. BY MARK TWAIN.
Little Novels Heart and Science Joseph's Coat Coals of Fire A Life's Atonement
| Mark Twain's Library of Pudd'n-head Wilson
BY
B. M. CROKER.
Val Strange By the Gate of the Sea Humour The Adventures of Huckle-
Proper Pride
A Model Father Hearts A Bit of Human Nature Mark Twain's Choice Works berry Finn
A Family Likeness
|

Interference Cynic Fortune

A Third Person
|
First Person Singular A Tramp Abroad The Adventures of Tom
Some One
Village Tales and Jungle A Wasted Crime Bob Martin's Little Girl The Gilded Age Sawyer
Else Infatuation Tragedies In Direst Peril Tales in Prose and Verse
Mr. Jervis Two Masters
|

The Real Lady Hilda

The Innocents Abroad Tom Sawyer Abroad
Jason
|
Mount Despair A Race for Millions Life on the Mississippi Tom Sawyer, Detective
Terence Married or Single ? A Capful o' Nails
Prttty Miss Neville
I

Beyond the Pale

This Little World A Yankee at the Court of The Stolen White Elephant
Old Blazer's Hero The Bishops' Bible King Arthur Roughing it and The
A Bird of Passage In the Kingdom of Kerry Time's Revenges Paul Jones's Alias The American Claimant
;

Diana Barrington Miss Balraaine's Past Innocents at Home

The Way of the World. One Traveller Returns The 1,000,000 Bank-Note The Prince and the Pauper
London CHATTO & WINDUS, 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
Editorial Commnnications should be addressed to The Editor "-Adyertisements and Business Letters to " The
Pnbll8her"-t the Office, Bream's BuUdings, Chancery Lane, B.C.
Printed bj Jobk Ed-vird Fauicis, Athenaeam Press, Bream's
Buildinfts, Chancerr Lane. E.C.. and Published by Johm C. Frikcis at Bream's BuUdlngs, Chancery Lane, b!o
Agents lor Scotland, Messrs. Bell & Bradlate and Mr. John Jlenzies, Edinburgh Saturday, August y, 1901'.
 : ;

THE ATHEN^UM -\
Somnal of encylisi!; anti jfoitityn iiteratiuT, ^nenre, m Jfine 9[rt5(, ;#u^fr nnXr(Jf)^^?iamk \

-^ ^/

PIUCB
No. 3903. SATURDAY, AUGUST 16,1902.
^'--
THRKEPENCE
nKGISTIOKKI) AS A NKWSFAPKIl

WORCESTER MDSICAT. FESTIVAL, MERTHYR COUNTY INTERMEDIATE FRANCE. The ATHENAUM can be
SEriEMBEU :. ;'. 10. U, and 1:'. 19<.iL'
SCHOOL. obtained at the following Railway Stations
ALBANI SOBRINO. SQVIRE. BIIEMA, CROSSLEY. FOSIEK, WANTED, in SEPTEMBER, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS to teach
in France
GKEKN, HASr, BLACK, LANE WILSON, I'LLNKBr GREENE. FRENCH Conversational :
and Literary. Commencing i^alary I'.W.

Gerontius' lElKar), I'emple Walford Davles), 'Pathetic Sym-

' i
Applications should reach undersigned before AUGUST 20 AMIENS. AN'TIBES. BEAULIEU-SI'R-MER. BIARRI'l'Z, BOR-
phony' (Tschaikowsky). St. Christopher' (Horatio Parker), Third CHARLES OWEN, M.A Head , Master. DEAt'X.HOULOQNESLR-MER, CALAIS, CANNES, DIJON, DUN
S.Tniphony Brahms 'Bllj!h.' .Messiah.' &c.
, .
'
KIRK, HAVRE, LILLE, LYONS. MARSEILLES, MENTONH,

BENEVOLENT [I
NIVERSITY COLLEGE of WALES, MONACO, NANTES, NICE, PARIS, PAU, SAINT RAPHAEL, TOURS,
"VfEWSVENDORS' and ABERYSTWYTH. TOULON.
And at the GALIGNANI LIBRARY, Rue de Rlvoli. Paris.
J.^ FROVIDEN'l- INSTIlL-nON. The COUNCIL invite applications for the post of ASSISTANT 224,
Founded IS39. NORMAL MASTER and ASSISTANT LECTURER on EDUC.VTION
Applications, accompanied by 'Testimonials, must be sent, on or before
Funds exceed 21.0001.
Farringdon Street, London, E
S.\'TUR1>.VV. September 6. 1IKI2, to the undersigned, from whom further NOTICE. To COLLECTORS of MANUSCRIPTS.
OfBce : Memorial Hall Buildings, 16, C.
particulars can be obtained. T. MORTIMER GREEN, Registrar.
Mr. WILLIAM LE OUEl \ would esteem it a favour if any
Patron :
possessors of Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century Manuscripts concerning
The Riftht Hon. the EAKL of ROSEBEItY, K.G. the Family De Mona^teriis. or Masters, and relating to trea'.ure hidden
President ;
IJN IVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS. in Rutland or Northamptonshire, especially mentiouing the district
about Slamtoid, would communicate with him. Address Castor,
The Right Hon. the LORD GLENESK. Peterborough.
Treasurer LECTURESHIP IN GERMAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.
The LONDON and 'WESTMINSIER BANK. LIMITED. 'The UNIVERSITY' COURT of the UNIVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS
QUBSCRIPTIONS (Two Shillings) DESIRED by
A Donation of I'en Guineas constitutes a '\'icePresident and gives
three yotes for lite t all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
invite applications for the Office of
salary of 'iWl. per annum.
LECTURER in GERMAN at a
O
to be
W. J. HUE TT. Ludwell, Salisbury,
I
entitled theLl'DWELL LINNE'T.
for a Weekly I.eallcl of
Contributions invited.
Verse,
gives a vote at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscriber is 'The person appointed will be required to enter upon his duties on
entitled to one vote at all elections in respect of each Five Shillings WEDNESDAY. October 1. 1902.

s T. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL and

60 paid. Applications, accompanied by twenty copies of 'Testimonials,
MEMBERSHIP Every Man and Woman throughout the United marked on the outside cover, " Lectureship in German," must be COLLEGE.
Kingdom, whether rubiisher. Wholesaler, Retailer. Employer, or lodged on or before WEDNESD.AY, Septembers. 11102. with the under-
Employed, is entitled to become a Member of this Institution, and signed, from whom further information may be obtained. (University of London.)
enjoy its benefits upon payment of Five Shillings annually, or Three
life, provided that he or she is engaged in the sale of
Candidates are particolarlv requested not to call on the Electors.
JOHN E. WILLIAMS, Secretary and Registrar.
OPEN SCHOLARSHIPS.
Guineas for
Newspapers. 'The University, St. Andrews, July 29, 1902. FOUR SCHOLARSHIPS and ONE EXHIBITION, \TOrth 150/, 75/,
PENSIONS. The .Annuitants the Men now number Thirty-six, 75r,oO/..and i'O/. One Year, will be competed for on
each, tenable for
receiving 2il and the Women 'AH. include per annum each, and they SEPl'EMRKR '22, li(02., viz.. Two
Senior Open Scholarships, value of
The "Royal Viiioria Pension Fund which was established in 1887 "
:

u NIVERSITY- of ST. ANDREWS. 75/. each, will 1)6 awarded to the best CandidatCH (if of suttic ent merit)
in not more than Three nor fewer than Two of the following:
and enlarged in 1S97. to commemorate the great advantages the News (University College. Dundee.)
Trade has enjoyed under the rule of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria, Chemistry, Physics. Zoology. Rotany, Physiology. Anatomy.
provides Pensions of IW a year each for Four Widows of Newsvendors.
LECTURESHIP IN PHILOSOPHY. Candidates for these Sciiolarshins must be under I wenty-live years
The Committee hope Ihey may be enabled to increase this Fund as an The UNIVERSITY COURT of the UNIVERSITY of ST. ANDREWS of age. and niut-t not have entered to the Medical or Surgical Pi-acticc
invite applications for the post of LECTURER in PHILOSOPHY at of any London Medical School
appropriate Memorial of the Queen's benellcent reign.
'The "Francis Fund " provides Pensions for One Man. 25/ and One ,
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. DUNDEE, rendered vacant by the appoint- ONE JUNIOR OPEN SCHOLARSHIP in SCIENCE, value l^i;., and
'Womin, 201 and was specially subscribed in memory of tlie late John
,
ment of Dr J. Baillie to the Chair of Moral Philosophy in the One Preliminary Scientific Kxhibition. value hOl will be awarded to .

Francis, who died on April 6. ls.su'. and was for more than fifty years University of .\berdeen the best Candidates under Twenty-one years of age (if of sulticient
He took an active and leading part 'The person appointed will be required to enter upon his duties on merit) in not fewer than Three of the following Botany, Zoology,
Publisher of the AtJienaum.
throughout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the WEDNESDAY, October 1, 1902. Phvsiology, Physics, and CheiiiiBtrv.
-various then existing "'Taxes on Knowledge," and was for very many Applications, accompanied by twenty copies of 'Testimonials, and The JEAEFRESON EXHIBITION (value 1*0?. wiil be competed for )

marked on the outside cover. " Lectureship in Philosophy," must be at the same time. The subjects of examination are Latin. Matlie-
years a staunch supporter of this Institution.
The Horace Marshall Pension Fund is the gift of the late Mr. Horace lodged on or before WEDNESDAY'. September 3, 1902, with the under- matics, and any one of the Three following Languages Greek,
Brooks Marshall. 'The t^np'oy^i of that firm have primary right of signed, from whom further information may be obtained. Prench. and German. The Classical Subjects are those of the London.
election to its benefits, but this privilege never having been exercised. Candidates are particularly requested not to call on the Electors. University Matriculation Examination of June. li'O;;
the General Pensions of the Institution have had the full benefit JOHN E. WILLIAMS. Secretary and Registrar. The successful Candidates in all these scholarships will be rctiuired
arising from the interest on this investment since 1&S7. The University, St. .\ndrew8, August, 1902. to enter to the full course at St Rarthulonicw's Hospital in the
'The "Hospital Pensions" consist of an annual contribution of 35r,
October succeeding the Examination.
whereby Sir Henry Charles Buidett and bis co-directors generously For particulars, application may be made, personally or bj letter, to
enable the Committee to grant 20; for One Year to a Man and 15(. lor VriCE-PRINCIPALSHIPof theSlRJAMciETJEE The Warden of tue Coi.iKau, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, E.C.
One Year to a Woman, under conditions laid down in Rule 8c. Y JEJEEHHOY SCHOOL OF ART, BO.MBAi'.

s T. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL
W. WILKIE JONES, Secretary. Indu Orntf, August 7, 1902. and
Candidates are required for the Government Educational appoint-
COLLEGE
ATOUNG LADY, Second-Class
and
Honours Modern
History. Oxford. lj<02. holding Certificates of Victoria
ment
SCHOOL
of VICE-PRINCIPAL of
of ART, BOMBAY.
the SIR JAMSE'TJEE JEJEEBHOY (University of London).
PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC CLASS.
Vmversitv for French and Italian, desires ENGAGE.MENT as 'TC'TOR It isintended that the appointment should only be conferred on a
person having special qualifications fitting him to deal with that work SYSTEMATIC COURSES of LECTURES and LABORATORY 'WORK
or SECRETARY, or would travel as COMPANION to a LADY. in the SUBJECTS of the I'HELIMINARV SCIEN'Tl FlC and IN'TER-
of the School which is associated with Artistic Industries and with the
Address Miss Bis.vev. KainhlU. Lancashire.
general application of Art to Crafts. MEDIA'TE H Sc EX/VMIN A'TIONS of the UNIVERSITY of LONDON
VFill commence on OCTOBER 1 and continue till JULY, 1903.
Candidates must be British Subjects, under 30 years of age, and of
KESEARCH
Work;
Historical
French Translation UNDERTAKEN on moderate
also
or General; Index good physique.
The pay of the appointment begins at Rs. 500 a Month, and increases
Attendance on this Class counts as part of the Five Years' Curri-
culum
Y'early by Rs. 50 a Month to Rs. 700 a Month. 'The person appointed Fee for the whole Course, 21,'., or \iH ISs to students of the Hospital
terms.- Address M.Francis & Co., Athenaeum Press, Bream's Build- or single Subjects may be taken.
ings, B.C. will not be precluded from exercising his profession of an Artist wlien
'There is a Special Class for the January Examination.
his services are not required in connexion with the School
A lirst-class passage to Bombay will be provided by Government For further particulars apply to the W.vrdi;.n or the College, St.
Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC.
BEHIND the SCENES in SOCIETY
POLITICS.-A WRITER position and popularity of
and
OPEN
Applications should be addressed to the SLLni.T.vii^, in the Public
Department. India Office. Whitehall, S. W., and should be received not A Handbook forwarded on application.
is later than .AUGUST 31, 1902.
to REGULAR WORK under these headings Address E. R. H. S., UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SPECIAL CLASSES.
rrancis& Co Athenaum Press, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
,

/ -ILEVEDON, SOMERSET. Mr. T. B. CANNELL, LONDON HOSPITAL MEDICAL COLLEGE.

MATHEMATICS, LATIN, GBRMAN. Adver- V MA Lond., RECEIVES BOYS under 15 years of age as PUPILS
I University of London.
in this healthy Seaside Town Attention given to Field Botany, Field SPECIAL CLASSES for the PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC M.B.
tiser visits in Kensington and gives LE.S.SONS in MATHE- Geology, and Natural History. (LONDON) EXAMINATION will COMMENCE on OCTOBER Ist.
MATICS, LATIN, orGERMAN. Also in English Subjects. Address
Y .'^lessrs. Fnncis & Co Athenuum Press. Bream's Buildings, E.C. BOTANY and ZOOLOGY. By P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A.Oxon.
u NIVERSITY DURHAM.
. .

of F.ZS.

M R. GRANT RICHARDS
bis PUBLISHING OFFICE for a YOUTH, age about 18
oy letter, to 18. Leicester Square. London, W.C.
has a VACANCY
Apply,
in
DIPLOMA IN THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING.
Particulars of the Course of Training for Secondary 'Teachers and of
CHEMISTRY and PHYSICS. By Hugh Candy, B.A. B.Sc.Lond.
Fee for the whole Course, 'Ten Guineas.
Special Classes are also held for the Intermediate M.B.Lond. and
Primary and Final F R.C.S.. and other Examinations,
the Examination for the above Diploma may be obtained from the
Classes are not conlined to Students of the Hospital.
MECHANICS' INSTITUTION, SEcRfivRv OF E.WMi-N iTioNs. North Bailcy, Durham. 'itiese
.MUNRO SCOIT, Warden.
G.W.R. SWINDON. WILTS.

I.ost of
The COUNCIL of this INSTITUTION
LIBRARIAN.
APPOINTMENT OF LIBRARIAN.
invite applications for the o WENS
The SESSION
COLLEGE, MANCHESTER.
in the ARTS. SCIENCE, and LAW DEPARTMENT
EDUCATION. ThoroughlyRELIABLE ADVICE
Messrs. GABBITA8,
ean be obtained (free of charge) from
THKINO & CO.. who. from their extensive and personal knowledge of
Salary per annum. Age under 40 rears.
the best Schools for Boys and Girls, and successful Tutors in Enufkud
I.'>.i/.

Candidate* must possess the following qualifications: A Public will COMMENCE on 7 OCTOBER
Special Prospectuses N KXT.
Library training, a good education and a good knowlcge of English are issued for the following Departments t-Englni-ering. Electrical and Abroad, will furnish careful selection* il supplied with detailed
Engineering. C'hemistry. Commercial Education, and Law. In the requirements. 38, Sackville Street, W.
Literature.
Forms of application 'on ^<hich alone applications will be received Faculty of Medicine (including the Dental. Pharmaceutical, and Public
i
Health Departmentsi the SESSION COMMENCES on OCTOBER 1.
may be olitained from the undersigned.
Applications to Ije sent in not later than SA'TURDA V. Augnct .To 1902 Prospectuses of any of the above Departments \\\\\ be forwarded on ''FHE AUTHORS' AGENCY. Establislied 1879.
J. SOUTHWELL, Secretary. H application. S. CHAFFERS. Registrar 1 The Interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
August 6, 1!*2.
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publibhein.- Terms and TeaU-
monlals on application to .Mr. A. M. BiK(.Mte, 34. PaternosterRow.

M ETROPOLITAN BOROUGH of WOOLWICH. u NIVERSITY of ABERDEEN.

p MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
rA Cf L O r MEDICINE.
I' V '
JUNIOR ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN. Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
'
WINTER SKSSION I(tOl-1903. Probate or Purchase Invcstiuations, and Audit of Accounts, Ac. Card
The COUNCIL of the METROPOLITAN BOROUGH of WOOLWICH WINTER RF^SSION COMMKNCRS on Tl'KSDAY. October of 'Terms on application.
Teiinire the services of a SECOND JUNIOR ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN.
The M,
Saiary commencing at 70/. per annum. Applicints to be bi:tween
IfKX.' The IMIKLIMINARV EXAMINATION nill COMMENCK on Mitchell House. I and 2, Snow Hill. Holborn Viaduct. EC.
1'' and 'X yean of age
SEVTKMKER 2:,.
Preference will l>e given to those who have The IHjifrees in Medicine Krantei) i>y the Vnlversity are Hachelor
had previous experience in Public Library Work
.Applications Candidates' own handwriting, enclosing copies
in
of Medicine (MR.), liachelor of KurKcry (Ch.H.j, Doctor of Medicine
:

A THEN.I'UTM PRESS. JOHN EDWARD

of three recent Testimonials, to be endorsed "Junior Assistant
rW.D-K Maatcr of Rur^erj K;h.M,) They are conferred only after /* FKANCIS. Printer of the if('i<H<ri<m. A'"f<' oml Qiirrif. *C .
iS

l.ibiarian and to be sent, adiressed to me. at the Town Hall

"
Exaniinatton.and only on studentn of tlie University. A Diploma in SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of HOOK, NEWS. and
prepared to
Ruhlic Health ih conferred after Hxaitiination on Graduates In Me'li- PERIODICAL PRINTINO.-13. Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.G.
Voolwich not later than THIKSDAY August 2. !!'.;. The total eost for ihe
cine of any University in the United KInjfdom
Candidates will l)e req' ired to devote the whole of their time to the
duties of their appointment.
Canvassing the Members of the Council will dlBquallfv.
whole UurricalUMi, includinf? Hospital FecM and FecH for Llie De^reeH
of M It and Ch H is usually atmut I'JO/
. RurHaries. KchoIarHhipK 'VO INVALIDS. A LIST of MEDICAL MEN
By Order.
FellowshipK and Prizes to the nuniljer of I'Ifty.and of the afCRreitate I Inall iiarts ItECEIVINO RESIDENT PAIIENTS sentgratls with
value of \.\KM are open to competition in this Faculty. full particulars Schools also recommended Medical. 4c Association,
ARTHUR W
,
,

B. BRYCESON, Town Clerk. A Rrospectus of the (^lasne*. I-Vph, Ac., may be had free on application Limited. Craven Street. 'Trafalgar Kquare C. Telegraphic
Town Hall. oolwlcb, July 20. 1802. W to tlie SiiBiTTinv 01 THi; Mi:iJt'*r Fkimi.
'.?'.'.

Addrcus. "Triform. London. "

'Telephone No 18M. Oerrard
'Ihe Unlvemity alo K^antif the followloK Decrees In Arts. .'Science,
1>EQUIRKD for SOUTH AFRICA, GOVKKN- Divinity, and I. aw
and Mat*r of Artn
In Arts - Doctor of I.ttera, Doctor of Rhllotiophy.
:

In Science Dnctor of Kclence. lta<'helor (if lUNMRIDGE

'|l WELLS. Comfortably FUR-
1 V MENT HIGH SCHOOL for GIRI>;. an ASSISTANT MISTRESS. Science In I'ure Kclence and in AirriruUure; In Divinity Doctor of NISHKD SITTINOHOOM and ONE or BEDROOMS. TWO
Mathematics and IViiany Degree essential. Experience or training
-

Divinity Honorary and Hachelor of Dlvlnl'y.

< t In I:Avi- Doctor of Uu'et. pleasant, and centi-al Three minutes' walk from S E H. * C
G..od .alary. To sail September 20. -Apply, giving full particulars, to I.w Honorary and Rachelor of Ijtw H L. j.
1
' Station. No other* taken. -R. H W, Grove HIU Road, Tunbrldge ,

3lu9 Cai..M.a, W, Mall Chambers, Kensington, W. I'articulars may be had ou application to the HEciirruii 01 Fa( rrint. 1 Wells.
 ;

206 THE ATHEN^UM N'^SGO.S, Aug. 16, 1902

LEIGHTON'S
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY, /CATALOGUE EARLY PRINTED and of
NEW K"MEDI/EVAL TOWNS."
^ INTKUBSTING BOOKH, MANUSCHIPIS, other
The Story of
74, NEW
OXFORD STREET, LONDON. BINDINGS.
VERONA.
aii.l

Part II ,
containinglettcrC, price 2\ With 220 Illustrations in Facsimile.

J. & J. LKIGIITON, 40, Brewer .Street, Golden Square, W.

Part containing A B, with 120 Illustrations, price 2s. By ALETHEA WIEL.
MONOCHROME COPIES I.

Illustrated Ijy Nelly Erich.^en, and with Eeproduction

-10,000 WANTED. List free. 25.?. each
BOOKS. for and Maps.
BY THE Cooke's Fox Hunting, 1826 Gardiner's History, 2
offered ; vols.
Rare Books supplied. State wants.
ISij.'J. C-VfALOGUES free. Fcap. 8vo (pocketable), cloth, 4s. Gd. net ; leather, 5s. 6rf. net.
Hoii.AM)'- Great Booksliop, Birmingham.
PERMANENT AUTOTYPE CARBON PROCESS PRAGUE. By Count Lutzow. Illus-
ONE HUNDRED VOLUMES
Various
Travels,
sound
Biographies, .Sketclies. and all 'and bound, 20s.
Tales,
trated by N. Erichsen. Cloth, 3s. 6d. net ; leather,
OF PICTURES BY OLD MASTERS (cost 20/.^- Lowii's Bargain Warehouse, 18, Crescent, Birmingham. 4s. 6d. net.

From the principal Collections of Note. (Sales bB 2^xtction.

CHART RES. By Cecil Headlam.
Illustrated by H. Kailton. Cloth, 4s. (cl. net; leather,
Antiquities and Works of Art. 5s. ^id. net.

MR, STEVENS'S NEXT SALE of CURIOSITIES

from on TUESDAY, CAIRO.
all parts will take place the 13th, By Stanley Lane-Poole.
NUMEROUS EXAMPLES OF WORKS BY and will include With Illustrations by J.
G. B. Carter, and R. Hay
A. Symington
1830). Cloth,
(1902),
4s. 6d,
and
net
A tine COLLECTION oi HUMAN SKULLS, (c. ;.

leather, 5s. 6rf. net.

MODERN ARTISTS. CARVED IMAGES, CLUBS, SHIELDS, &(.. from NEW GUINEA.
Also a unique FLAG used at the CORONATION of GEORGE IV. *#* Illustrated List of Series post free.
CHINESE and J.^PANESE ORNAMEN'l'.*, CHINA, &c and ,

RELICS from ALL PAR'l'S of the WORLD.

On view day prior from 10 till 5 and morning of Sale. COMPANION TO "THE MEDLKVAL TOWNS."
The AUTOTYPE COMPANY'S Processes of Per- Catalogues maybe had on application to Mr. J. C. Stevens, King
manent Photographic Keproduction are exten- Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
38,
THROUGH THE CASENTINO.
sively employed by the Trustees of the British and Photnyraphic Apparatus.
Scientific By LINA ECKENSTEIN.
Fli/DA y, August 22, at half-past 12 o'clock.
Museum, the Local Government Board, many of Illustrated by Lucy du Bois Reymond, and with a Map.
the Learned Societies, and leading Publishers. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, Fcap. 8vo (pocketable), 2s. 6rf. net.
at his Rooms, .33, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C,
Several first-class HAND and STAND CAMERAS and LENSES
Copies of Coins, Seals, Medals, MSS., Dravrings, by the Leading Makers.
Engravings, Art Objects, Microscopic Work, &c. PHOTOGRAPHIC OUTFITS, TRIPOD STANDS, SHUTTERS, &c. DENT'S COUNTY GUIDES.
SURGICAL INSTRUMENl'S.
Illustrations and Maps (pocketable), 4s. Sd. net each,
TELESCOPES, OPERA and FIELD GLASSES, MICROSCOPES, &c.
Also BICYCLES, IMBRELLAS, and a large VARIETY ol
Inquiries are invited from those requiring Book MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY.
On view day prior from 2 and day of Sale
till o until half-past 12.
THE LAKE COUNTIES.
Illustrations of the very highest quality. Speci- Catalogues on application. By W. G. COLLINGWOOD.
mens and Estimates submitted. Engravings, Drawings, a)id Paintings.
SURREY. By Walter Jerrold.
MESSRS, PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
THE AUTOTYPE FINE -ART GALLERY,
AUC'l'ION. at their Galleries,
by
'\^'EDNESDAY, .\ugust
Leicester Square,
20, at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, a
47, W.C , on
NORFOLK. By William A. Dutt.
COLLECTION of KNGRAVINGS, incluiling Fancy Subjects of "the
Early English School, in Mezzotint and Colours, after Hamilton,
Bigg, and Ward Caricatures Sporting Prints Scrap Books, &c. also
HAMPSHIRE. By G. A. B. Dewar.
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
;

Framed Water-Colour Drawings, and a small Collection of Paintings.

J. M. DENT & CO. Bedford Street, London.
Open Free Daily, 10 to 6. Miscellaneous Books.

SECRETARIAL BUREAU,
W.C ConflcJentialSecretary, Miss
9, Strand,London,
PETHERBUIUGE (Nat. Scl.
M
on
ESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON
by AUC'VION, at their Galleries,
THURSDAY, August 21. at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, a
COLLECTION of MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, amongst which will be
47,
will
Leicester Square.
SELL
W.C,