GE

Measurement & Control

Gerard McKeogh
Global Sales Leader Analyzers

1
 Moisture and Humidity overview
Condensation RH TDLAS
Trace moisture
Hygrometers
moisture.IQ
Optica Multi channel MMR31 Aurora
Top of the line Trace moisture RH, polymer relative Process solution
condensation analyzers in dew humidity transmitter
hygrometers point or ppm range

Optisonde Dew.IQ Series

Mid range analyzer
OptiSonde humidity in dewpoint or ppm
indicator, transmitter range
and data logger
MMR101
HygroPro High temperature
Trace moisture transmitter
transmitter in
dewpoint or ppm
Humilab range
RH calibration
system

PM880, MMY245
Trace moisture
handhelds in dewpoint
or ppm range

2
Oxygen and Gas analyzers
overview
Paramagnetic
Thermal-
Zirconium Electro-
Conductivity
Oxide chemical
XMO2 XMTC CGA 351 Oxy.IQ
%O2 in gases %Gas Analyzer in other Clean Gas Oxygen Galvanic Fuel Cell oxygen
Transmitter w/optional gases based on Analyzer for non- sensor for PPM or % O2
displays with relatively measuring differences in combustion in other gases
constant background thermal-conductivity applications
gas (Typically H2 analysis)

APX Delta F
Non-depleting
%O2 in gases Analyzer
electrochemical oxygen
with widely varying or
sensors for PPM O2 in
unknown background
other gases; used in
gases
conjunction with MIS1
and MMS3

3
Why Measure Moisture in
your Processes?
A Critical Parameter in Natural Gas
 Refining Process Overview
Where we measure
Hydrotreating/
Cracker Unit
Catalytic Reformer
Isomerization Unit
Alkylation Unit
Refinery Products
Flare Lines
Utilities
Refinery Catalytic Reforming Process
(CCR) CCR
Moisture
H2 Converts low octane heavy
Dryer Oxygen Napthas (HC liquid) to high
octane reformate (gasoline
Liquid Naptha blend component)
feed Produces H2
Typical range 0-50ppm
Nominal moisture: 20ppm
Licensor: UOP & Axens

Why Measure Moisture?

Catalyst protection and
efficiency
Protect metal infrastructure from
corrosion
Product yield
Why Measure H2?
Control of %H2 is critical for
reaction efficiency
Why Measure O2?
For control of catalyst
regeneration
7
Refining why measure H2O, H2 & O2
Moisture in trace amounts is a contaminant
in liquid feed stocks and removed via liquid
dryers
Moisture in recycle gas is poison to the
catalyst, promotes the forming of acids and
damages the piping and mechanical
infrastructure
Hydrogen is the enabler of many processes
and good control of the concentration is key
Oxygen (% range) is a key measurement on
catalyst regeneration
Oxygen need to remain below threshold
limits to prevent explosive atmospheres in
flare lines
8/
GE /
October 21, 2015
Customers

9
GE Title or job number
10/21/2015
 Ethylene Process Diagram
Cracker type
Steam
Catalytic
FEEDSTOCK
Naptha/Gas Oil
(Refinery product)
OR
Ethane (Natural Gas by
product)

Measurement locations
Moisture in cracked gas feed after drying
Moisture in condensate from Fractionator Bottoms
Moisture in H2 (Acetylene (removal) Hydrogenation Unit)
H2 purity measurement (Acetylene (removal) Hydrogenation Unit)
Moisture & Oxygen in Ethylene Product
Oxygen measurement in flare and vent lines for leak detection
Moisture in utilities (Air/Nitrogen)
Polyethylene Process Diagram
A. Moisture in feed gas C D
(Ethylene + co-
monomers+H2)
B. Oxygen in feed gas
(Ethylene + co-
monomers+H2)
C. Moisture in recycle gas
stream
D. H2 measurement in recycle
gas stream
E. Oxygen in Extruder
Oxygen measurement in flare
and vent lines for leak detection
Moisture in utilities
(Air/Hydrogen/Nitrogen) B E
A
POWER APPLICATIONS
1. H2 Cooled Generator
2. Gas Turbine
3. Compressed Air
4. Distribution
5. Nuclear Power
6. Renewables

12 /
GE /
October 21, 2015
 H2 Cooled Generator
Hydrogen: High thermal
conductivity & low viscosity
(resistance to flow)

H2 Purity Measurement H2O Measurement

Typical Range 90-100%H2 Moisture causes
2 Units per generator on GE corrosion, sparking &
Energy power packs reduced efficiency

3 Ranges H2/CO2/Air for Used for water leakage

shutdown/startup into generator (H2
typically cooled by water)
Typically -50oC to +10oC
Tdp

13 /
GE /
October 21, 2015
 Gas Turbine

Moisture on feed Natural Gas to %RH on Turbine inlet air

Turbine
Inlet Air %RH control
Leak detection measurement
Benfits> 1. Lower Emissions
Measurement made before &
after heat exchanger (pre- 2. No icing
heater) 3. Increased
compression

14 /
GE /
October 21, 2015
Dew point control of compressed air
Compressed air use in Power
Industry
Instrument Air
Sprinkler installations
Cleans boiler tubes
Pumps
Conductor isolation
Presence of Moisture
Causes
Corrosion
Failure of Critical Components
Loss of Instrument Sensitivity
Condensation/Freezing of Air
Lines
Inefficient Regeneration Cycle 15 /
GE /
October 21, 2015
 Distribution

H2O in Transformer Oil H2O in SF6 on circuit

Degrades paper insulation, breakers
Causes corrosive components to
reducing transformer life form

Typical Alarm Range 20-30ppmw Causes tripping of breaker

Maintenance of Transformer oils SF6 supply < 15 ppm H2O (IEC

IEC422 376)

16 /
GE /
October 21, 2015
 Nuclear Power
H2 & O2 Detection in Reactor %RH for leak detection
in Containment Zone

H2 forms in cooling circuit in the

event of reactor coolant failure, and
also forms from radiolysis of water Humidity sensors placed at
H2 disposal system of Catalytic re- several spots in/outside the
combiner & H2 burn-off system reactor zone for leak detection
on steam circuit
Hydrogen (~0.5 vol%) and Oxygen
(> 1 vol%) are both measured
References in Czech, Finland,
Spain 17 /
GE /
October 21, 2015
 Renewables
Biogas Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycles (IGCC)

Biogas> CH4/CO2
Measure CH4, O2 RH control of steam
and H2O in clean & injection
dry Biogas

18 /
GE /
October 21, 2015
Moisture Measurement Technology

19
 Moisture
..is the amount of water
vapor present in a given
sample
Pressure (mbar)

It can be expressed in different

Liquid units>
Solid,
ice
Water vapor pressure [mbar]
Vapor
Dew point temperature [oC]
6.106 Relative humidity [%]
Absolute humidity [g/m3dry air]
Volumetric concentration
Temperature (oC)
0.16 [ppmv]
Mixing ratio [g/kg]
Wet bulb temperature [oC]
Water Molecule
Polar molecule
H2O
Part of the molecule is
One Oxygen atom negatively charged and
part positively charged.
Two Hydrogen atoms
Mw = 18 Hydrogen atoms in water
molecules are attracted to
Hydrogen atoms bond to regions of high electron
one side of oxygen atom density and can form
weak linkages

Can adsorb to surfaces

 Dew Point
The temperature to which a gas must
be cooled to be saturated with
respect to liquid water
- or -
The temperature to which a gas must
be cooled where the first molecule of
water vapor changes to the liquid
phase.
Frost Point
The temperature to which a gas
must be cooled to be saturated
with respect to ice (solid water).
- or -
The temperature to which a gas
must be cooled where the first
molecule of water vapor
changes to the solid phase.
Sample conditioning - Solutions
Standard systems Customized systems

Standard sample Customized sample

systems systems
- for moisture in - For all measurements
gasses or liquids - Combined
- Oxygen - Sample stream
- Hydrogen selectors
- Automated or manual
 Typical Moisture installation

Plant Control Room

Customer
DCS/SCADA

Sample transport Control electronics/display

tubing Cable
Customer
Process Transmitter
Sensor Zener barrier for I.S.
operation of transmitter

Sample system

24
Aluminum Oxide Sensor
Construction

Temperature Sensor

Al2O3 Water Vapor Sensor

Pressure Sensor
Viton O Ring Seal
Straight Thread
Aluminum Oxide Sensor Theory

Water vapor rapidly transports

through the gold layer and
equilibrates to the pore walls of
the aluminum oxide layer. Permeable
The number of water molecules gold
adsorbed onto the pore walls
determines the conductivity of the
pore wall. Pore

Each value of pore wall resistance Pore base

provides a distinct value of
electrical impedance, which in Aluminum
turn is related to the water vapor
pressure.
Response of AlOx sensor dry to wet
Response of ALOx sensor wet to dry
 Moisture/Humidity Calibration

Liquid N2 Tanks, all-welded electro- Secondary Humidity/Temp Control for

polished SS Tube to Cal Lab, R&D Calibration Lab Trace Humidity Probe Calibration

Cal Lab isolated room in interior of building

for 35-60% RH control, 22C+/-2C Additional Banks being implemented
RH Calibration System
GE Sensing Humidity & Trace Moisture
Calibration

GE Sensing is the global leader in automated humidity & moisture instrument calibration
Global service centers NIST and other NMI traceable calibrations
Web based archive enables customers to access calibration data and plan instrument cal cycles
Onsite training and start up assistance as well as classroom training
Calibration Profile
Global Calibrations Centers

Shannon
Boston Ireland
Saudi Shanghai
Arabia China Tokyo, Japan
Abu
Dhabi Bangalore
Brazil India
moisture.IQ
GE Measurement & Control introduces
moisture.IQ as the newest addition to the
Panametrics family of aluminum oxide
moisture analyzers.

The moisture.IQ is introduced to replace

the Panametrics flagship Moisture Image
Series 1 (MIS-1) and Moisture Monitor
Series 3 (MMS-3) moisture analyzers.

33
moisture.IQ new Features
Industrial touch-screen display with intuitive
graphical user interface
Calibration reminders
USB port for in-field firmware upgrades
Modbus over Ethernet
Remote programming and display over
Ethernet using any internet browser
Alarm contacts are Division 2 standard
All channels have Delta F standard
1 and 3 channel
module options Temp compensation for Delta F cell O2 sensor
Following in coming months:
Henrys Law database imbedded in firmware
for liquid applications
Each available output assignable to any
parameter on any channel
Computer Enhanced Response
XPF & WPF options
dew.IQ moisture analyzer
Single-Channel
Moisture Analyzer

> Compatible with M2 or IQ.probe

> IQ.probe stores calibration data locally and communicates digitally with
analyzer
> Displays dew point and ppmv moisture units (with programmed constant
pressure
> Single analog output
> Two measurement alarm relays & one fail-safe fault alarm relay
> Data logger using Micro SD card
> NEMA 4X / IP67 front display
> Wall Mount is 4X / IP67
> Intrinsically safe input using zener barriers (M Series probe)
> Universal AC power and 24 VDC input available
HygroPro Al2O3 Moisture Transmitter- Features

Single-Channel Compact, Loop-power

Moisture Transmitter with Field
Replaceable Transducer Element
(RTE)
Intrinsically safe, loop-powered moisture
transmitter
Measurement range of +20C to -110C with
ability to calculate a variety of moisture
parameters, including PPMv, PPMw, lbs/MMSCF
in natural gas and % Relative Humidity (RH)
Aluminum oxide moisture sensor technology
(NIST traceability)
Integral Display/User Interface
Analog (4-20 mA) & RS485 digital outputs
Display can be oriented in 4 different orientation
DewPro MMY30/MMY31 Dew Point Transmitter
Features

Single-Channel Compact, Loop-power

Moisture Transmitter with Integral Display

> Loop-powered, 4-20 mA transmitter with display

> Measurement range of +10C to -90C; 0-10, 0-
100, 10-1000ppmv
> FM Approved intrinsically safe/ explosion-proof
for hazardous locations
> Microcontroller electronics in NEMA4X/IP67 Flow-Through
Type
> Integral Flow Cell for Filtering (2 micron) and
Flow Regulation
PM880 Portable Hygrometer
Features
Rugged Portable
Hygrometer for used in
Hazardous Area
Handheld portable design
Intrinsically safe for use in hazardous
area
Measure Dew Point, ppmv, ppmw,
%RH, lb/MMSCF, temperature and
pressure
Large Graphical Display
Meets IP67 rating
Lightweight hand-held sample
system
Internal Data Logger to log over
100,000 moisture data
A great instrument to walk up and check probes installed in a
process
GE Sensing

Aurora TDLAS
Hygrometer
for Natural
Gas

See Moisture Measurement in a New Light

Aurora in the Field

40
TDLAS H2O Sensor Block Diagram
Sample Pressure
Inlet Sensor Temperature Sample
Sensor Outlet
Desiccant

Signal
Photodiode

Driving Circuit

Optical
Mirror Window Hermetic
chamber Microprocessor
Reference
Collimator Photodiode

Line pressure Keypad Display

I/O Interface
(optional)

TEC for
Temperature
Laser Diode
control
N = ln(I/Io)
SxL
 Response Time of Aurora

0C
Td

Other Trace
Aurora Moisture Sensors
TDLAS

-60C Td

6 Hours
Test of Process Upset

The system was reading 43 ppmv.

Water was injected into the
sample line to simulate a process
upset. The Aurora immediately
picked up the upset immediately.
It recovered to within 3 ppmv of
the original reading within 3
minutes.
The quartz microbalance did not
recover for several hours.

3 min
 Sample System Aurora H2O

Temperature
Sensor

Inlet Isolation
Absorption
Valve
Cell
Pressure
Sensor

Fast
Loop
Bypass
Needle Valve
Aurora Calibration System

7 7
4 1 7
6
1 Dew Point Generator
2 Pressure Reference
3 Reference Chilled Mirror
4 NI Data Acquisition &
Control
5 User Interface (PC
Based)
6 CPU
7 Units under test (up to 6)

45
Presenter and Event
10/21/2015
 Pressure Dew Point
4-20mA
GE Druck RTX 1000H Series
Pressure Transmitter
Hasteloy C Diaphram
NACE MR-0175 compliant
FM, CSA & ATEX (XP)
Known for long term stability
Simple push button setup

Choice of selection of Dew Point or

Dew/Frost Point. When Dew Point is
selected, the absolute humidity is in
Pressure: 1,025 PSIG (70
barg)
accordance to ASTM-1142 and IGT-8. When
Dew Point: -10 oC
Dew/Frost Point is selected, the absolute
humidity is in accordance to ISO-18453
Ambient Temp: -15 C
(GERG)
In this case ice will build up
 Aurora System Accessories

Maintenance Kit
Part Number: AURORA
H2O MAINTENANCE
Description: Aurora
H2O maintenance kit
to include magnetic
stylus, hex wrench to
remove mirror flange,
mirror cleaning
accessories, and
replacement filter
cartridges
Example of Custom Sampling System

316 SS Enclosure with Window

Heated Pressure Regulator
Membrane Filter
Enclosure Heater w/Thermostat
Heat Traced Sample LIne
IS Junction Boxes
Pressure Gauges
Needle Valves (Flow Control)
Rotameters (Sample & Coaleser
Vent/Fast Loop)
Purge/Test Gas Inlet w/Selector
Valve
 Applications Aurora
Gas Production dehydration stations
Pipe line Natural Gas Transmission
Natural Gas - Distribution
Custody Transfer measurements
Under ground Storage Stations
H2 Recycle gas in refinery
Moisture in CO2 for EOR/carbon capture
TDLAS Moisture Analyzer for NG
Design Specifications
Response Time: <2 seconds
Measurement Range: 0 to 5000 PPMV
-65.5C to 2.6C dew/frost point @ p=atm
Accuracy: +/-2% or 4 PPMV
Sample Pressure: 10-25 PSIA
Process Pressure: 0-1500 PSIG
Temperature: -20 to +65C
Sample Flowrate: 0.1 to 10 l/min
Analog Outputs: Three 0/4-20mA outputs
Digital Output: RS485/232 & Modbus RTU
User Interface: Through the glass mag buttons
Electrical Class: Class 1, Div 1 Grps B-D & ATEX
Zone 1
NACE Compliant: ANSI/NACE MR-0175
 FEATURES BENEFITS

<2 sec Sensor Speed of Response Get back on-line in no time

Essentially drift free technology No calibration costs

Virtually Maintenance Free Minimal service expenditure

No reference gases required No consumables to purchase

Non-wetted sensor High H2S sour gas applications

Specific to water with no interference Confidence in your measurement

No hot permit required in field no waste of time, directly accessible

Combined Laser Moisture and HCDP
 CP2M Hydrocarbon dewpoint transmitter

High sensitivity

Calibration based on adjusting the

level of HCDP detection

Magnetic control buttons

DP range -30+30

P<160 bar; Accuracy 1,0

Analogue output 4-20mA or RS-485

Low energy consumption ~30W

Compact and lightweight - 7kg

OXYGEN & GAS
PORTFOLIO
Oxygen and Gas analyzers
overview
Paramagnetic
Thermal-
Zirconium Electro-
Conductivity
Oxide chemical
XMO2 XMTC CGA 351 Oxy.IQ
%O2 in gases %Gas Analyzer in other Clean Gas Oxygen Galvanic Fuel Cell oxygen
Transmitter w/optional gases based on Analyzer for non- sensor for PPM or % O2
displays with relatively measuring differences in combustion in other gases
constant background thermal-conductivity applications
gas (Typically H2 analysis)

APX Delta F
Non-depleting
%O2 in gases Analyzer
electrochemical oxygen
with widely varying or
sensors for PPM O2 in
unknown background
other gases; used in
gases
conjunction with MIS1
and MMS3

55
Gas Purity Analyzer
 XMTC Thermal Conductivity
Analyzer
Air/N2
SO2 CO2 Ne He H2
CH4

0 C -C 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

4 6

Sample and reference gases come in contact Sample Reference

with constant current thermistors (~150C)
Heat Is Transferred From 150C thermistor to
55C cell wall at a rate proportional to the
thermal conductivity of the Gas Mixture RT2
RT1
RT1 and RT2 reach different equilibrium
temperatures, therefore, they have different
resistances
RT1 and RT2 are two legs of a Wheatstone Sample Reference
bridge circuit Gas Gas
XMTC Thermal Conductivity
Analyzer

Technical Strengths
No Moving Parts
Stability
Minimal maintenance
Easy field calibration
Small package size
 XMTC Thermal Conductivity
Analyzer
Specifications
Range: 0 to 100% and any portion of
range in between (eg 0-2%, 98-100%)
Output: 0/4 to 20 mA
Accuracy: +/- 2% of span
Response Time: 20 sec for 90% step
change
Stability: 0.5% of span per week

Applications
H2 Recycle Gas Monitoring Refineries
H2 cooled Generators H2 Purity-Power Plants
Compressor leakage Monitoring (for CH4
leakage)
Gas Manufacturers-Nitrogen, Argon, Helium
Purity
Thermal Conductivity Gas Analyzer Applications H2
Recycle

Vaporized Liquid Mixed

with Recycled Hydrogen
Liquid Feed Heater

Make Up Hydrogen
Reformer

Hydrogen
Analyzer Recycle
XMTC
Point Stream

Gas
Gas-Liquid Separator Cooler
Liquid

Product
Hydrogen cooled generator - overview

Generato Turbin
r e
Brushes

Electricity

Coils
Low-Pressure High-
H2 Make Up Steam outlet Pressure
Steam inlet
Pump Dryer
 Compressor Leakage 0-100% CH4 in AIR

GE Oil & Gas and XMTC

Nuovo Pignone builds centrifugal compressors for O&G customers to help those customers harvest oil and gas from
wellheads as well as push gas in the pipeline. The compressors have a primary seal and a secondary seal that
prevents the process gas from mixing with the sealing gas. During operation, the primary seal is monitored for reliability
by checking the outlet pressure and flow of the sealing gas. If there is a break in the seal, the pressure rises and flow is
increased downstream of the seal. Once this occurrence happens, the operators understand that they will have a
certain amount of time to shut down the compressor to replace the primary seals.

During the time between primary seal failure and shutdown, the secondary seal will prevent the mixing of process gas
and escape of process gas. The pressure has increased on the secondary seal and the secondary seal is being
purged by nitrogen ( or Air). After failure of the primary seal, there will be a mixing of process gas and nitrogen. With a
small leak in the primary seal the concentration of gas/nitrogen will be mostly nitrogen (95%), but as time goes by and
the failure increases, the concentration will change until it is 100% process gas. This happens because the pressure of
the process gas is greater than the nitrogen purge.

This time between seal failures will allow the customer to switch to different power train, purge contained gas and
safely shutdown the system. If this time is not permitted, the plant will shut down immediately. This type of shutdown
causes tax issues for released gases as well as millions of dollars for a shutdown unit.

GEOG's request is to measure the percentage of process gas after the secondary seal. They want the sensor to be
calibrated from 0-100%. They understand that levels of concentration of 30% will alert them to major problems, but they
want the sensor for 0-100%.

Their CTQs are as follows:

1)Reliability
2)Accuracy
3)Current status in Safety Applications
4)ATEX/UL/CSA approvals

Process gas could be methane or propanein case of mixture of HC we need to check if thermal conductivity of the
sample could be detected by our XMTC with reasonable reliability and accuracy
Paramagnetic Oxygen
Analyzer
 XMO2 Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzer
Relative Magnetic Susceptibility of Common Gases
N2 O2
HCl, CH4 ,CO2 H2 , CO
NO2 NO

0 50 100
Upper Measuring Thermistors @160degC
measurement
chamber
@45degC Magnetic Field

Lower flow-
through Wheatstone Bridge V =raw O2 Signal
O2

chamber
@45degC W2

W1

VO2 RZ

R2
R1

Sample inlet Sample outlet Vcomp

W1, W2 = WIND GENERATING THERMISTORS

R1, R2 = WIND RECEIVING THERMISTORS
XMO2 Paramagnetic Oxygen
Analyzer

Technical Strengths
0.01 to 100% O2
Atmospheric pressure compensation
No Moving Parts Compact & Rugged
Most Stable Paramagnetic Sensor
Long-Term Reliability
Dual-Chamber Design for Resistance
to Contamination
XMO2 Paramagnetic Oxygen
Analyzer
Specifications
Range: 0 to 100% and any portion of range in
between (eg 0-1%, 90-100%)
Output: 0/4 to 20 mA
Accuracy: +/- 1% of span
+/-0.2%O2 for 90-100% range
Response Time: 15 sec for 90% step change
(Fast Response option, 70 sec standard
response)
Stability: 0.4% of span per month
Applications
Oxygen Purity Monitoring
Inerting applications LEL
Catalyst regeneration in refinery
Oxygen Monitoring in Flare Line
(APX)
Blanketing
Vapor
Recovery /
Vent
All tanks with Hydrocarbon
liquids are potentially
explosive and hazardous O2
Monitoring
The oxygen concentration
need to be controlled below N2 Blanket
Gas
LEL (app. below 4%)
The best technology for this
application is Paramagnetic N2 Blanket
Oxygen
ZrOx would burn the HC
Electrochemical fail low Tank with
causing a sense of false HC Liquid
safety
 Electrochemical
Oxygen Analyzers
oxy.IQ Electrochemical Oxygen
Loop Powered transmitter
Intrinsically safe option
User Interface
User selectable and
programmable ranges
Sensor diagnostics
Sensor lifetime feature
Sensor raw signal Thin Electrolyte Layer %O2
Error indication choice Sensing Membrane Cathode

High low, specific mA

output value, NAMUR Polyethylene Bulk
Body Electrolyt
format e
Anode
Low reading / possible sensor
failure alarm
Temperature sensor / Circular
compensation override Contact
Plates

+ v -
Cathode: O2 + 2H2O + 4e- => 4OH-
Anode: 2Pb => 2 Pb+2 + 4e-
Overall: 2Pb + O2 => 2PbO
O2X1 Electrochemical Oxygen
Analyzer
Specifications
Range: Field programmable 0-10, 0-100, 0-
1000, 0-10000ppm & 0-1, 0-10, 0-25%
Output: 4 to 20 mA Display
Accuracy: +/- 1% of span @ cal point (+/-2%
for 0-10ppm range)
Response Time: 10 22 sec ** for 90% step
change, (** range dependent)
Stability: 0.4% of span per month
Applications
Gas purity monitoring, feed gases to
petrochemical processes, O2 in
Natural gas, O2 in utility N2
Ambient Air Monitor
DF Electrochemical sensors & analyzers
DF Electrochemical sensors & analyzers
Specifications
Range: PPM & % range cells available (up to max 25%)
Output: MIS1/MMS3 outputs (Digital & analog 0/4-20mA)
Accuracy: +/- 1% of full scale (+/-5% of full scale for ranges
<2.5ppm)
Response Time: Instantaneously to O2 change
Stability: 0.4% of span per month
Intrinsically safe for hazardous area use

Technical Benefits
Ultra stable, drift free
Long lifetime with unique 5 year sensor warranty
Fast response and fast recovery after transient oxygen shock.

Applications
Gas purity monitoring
Petrochemical feed gases
DF Electrochemical sensors &
analyzers
Secondary Electrodes

Reservoir

4e
1.3V KOH Sample
1.3 PPM O2 Sample
4OH O2
Chamber

Measurement Anode Measurement Cathode

When oxygen is present in the sample, a current is produced in the measurement circuit which is
proportional to the oxygen concentration. Unlike the galvanic cell, the measurement reaction is
driven by an applied voltage across the measurement electrodes supplied from the instrument
electronics.
Zirconia Oxygen
Analyzer
CGA351 Zirconium Oxide O2
Analyzer
Specifications
Range: Field Programmable between
0.1 ppm to 100% O2, typical range 0
to 10ppm O2
Output: 0/4 to 20 mA
Dual Alarm contacts, fail safe
Accuracy: +/- 0.2ppm from 0 to
10ppm or +/- 2% of reading
Response Time: less than 2 sec for
90% step change
Stability: less than 3% of reading per
year
 CGA351 Zirconium Oxide O2
Analyzer
Technical Strengths
Fastest Responding Oxygen Sensor
Provides Oxygen Measurement over the widest
range
Maintenance free

Applications
Air Separation Plants Gas Purity
Measurement
Cylinder Filling
GE Aurora Global Installations + Customization + Local Support

77
GE
Measurement & Control