Makenzie Singer

Mrs. Carignan

AP Biology

13 October 2016

Population Modeling Lab

1. What is Hardy-Weinberg

- Hardy-Weinberg is an equation that measures evolution and how quickly it is occurring.

It does this by measuring the allele frequency of genotypes. However, in order to have no

change, or to reach Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, a species must have five factors. These

factors are a large population, random mating, no mutations, no migration, and no

selection.

2. How data can show evolution

- Data is a huge factor in comparing if evolution is occurring or not. By using

Hardy-Weinberg, we can measure the frequencies of certain traits that are entering or

leaving a species. For example, useful characteristics like color in the peppered moth

situation was crucial for their survival. Data showed that the moths generations changed

back and forth from white to black depending on the current issues of industrialization

and camouflage against light colored trees.

3. The original data and graphs collected (unique to you).

Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen 7

p 0.50 0.38 0.47 0.56 0.56 0.63 0.53

q 0.50 0.63 0.53 0.44 0.44 0.38 0.47

4. An explanation of how you changed the scenario to help it better fit Hardy-Weinberg

restrictions or to fit Hardy-Weinberg restrictions less (population size, etc)

- I changed Hardy- Weinberg restrictions to better fit. One of the characteristics that a

species needs in order to remain at equilibrium is a large population. When doing my first

set of data, there were only 16 individuals in the species. I then doubled the population to

make it have 60 individuals, in hope that the frequencies would stay at equilibrium.

5. The data and graphs from your change.

Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Gen 5 Gen 6 Gen 7

p 0.50 0.48 0.55 0.53 0.61 0.59 0.56

q 0.50 0.52 0.45 0.47 0.39 0.41 0.44

6. An explanation of how your change affected the population and why.

- By doubling the population, at first it seemed optimistic. The numbers were staying

around .5. But as the generations went on, they kept getting farther and farther away from

equilibrium. Overall, I think increasing the population was a step in the right direction,

but it still wasnt big enough to maintain equilibrium.