Chapter 10

For the Chapter 10 Project, we were given number twelve from page 486.
This problem is a proportion problem and is discussing what conservatives and liberals
think about naked and clothed people in paintings. For this problem, we are trying to
figure out if the population proportion of conservative voters who prefer clothed
paintings is higher than the liberals.
When we first looked at this problem, our first random sample was n1= 59,
conservative people who voted for or against fully clothed paintings. From this sample,
45 conservative people (R1) said they were for fully clothed paintings. The second
random sample was n2 = 62, liberal voters who are for or against fully clothed paintings.
From this sample, 39 liberals said they were for fully clothed paintings. The null
hypothesis or H 0 for this problem is p1 = p2. P1 is the proportion of conservative
people who are for fully clothed paintings. P2 is the proportion of liberal voters who are
for fully clothed paintings. The alternate hypothesis or H1 for this problem is P1 > P2.
The level of significance for this problem is 5% or = 0.05.
To figure out if the population proportion of conservative voters who prefer
clothed paintings is higher than liberals, we have to find the z value, then the p value,
and either reject or fail to reject our null hypothesis depending on if the p value we find

is above or below the null hypothesis. The equation used to find the z value is z = ( p 1 -

p 2 ) / ((pq/ n1 ) + (pq/n2 )) . To find the z value from this equation, we first have to find

other needed values in this equation. First, we have to find the p 1 by doing r1/n1 or

45/59 which equals 0.763. We have to use the same equation to find p 2 or 36/62 which
equals 0.581. The second step to find the z value is to find the p by using the equation
p = (r1 + r2) / (n1 + n2). We plug in our values for this equation, p = (45 + 39) / (59 + 62)
which equals 0.669. The q is 1 p which equals 0.331. Now that we have all the
values for the z equation, we plug the values in,
z = (0.763 0.581)/ ((0.669 x 0.33/ 59) + (0.669 x 0.33/ 62)) and get a z-value of 2.14.
Now that we found the z-value, we go to Table 3a to find where 2.14 is. You
trace down the first column until you land at 2.1 and then go right until you are below the
0.04 column to get a value of 0.9838. This value is not our final p-value because this
value is for a left-tail problem. Our problem is a right-tail problem because the alternate
hypothesis has a greater than sign in it, so you need to do 1 p-value or 1 0.9838 to
get a value of 0.0162. This p-value is under the level of significance of 0.05, so we
reject the null hypothesis.
Because we reject the null hypothesis that p1 = p2, we then accept our alternate
hypothesis that p1 > p2. Our results tell us that at a 5% level of significance, with the
sample we used, there is a higher population proportion of conservative voters than
liberal voters who want fully clothed paintings. This higher population proportion of
conservative voters who want fully clothed paintings may be because conservatives
have more traditional views such as not wanting to show a lot of skin or nudity in
paintings.
The last part of this problem was to find a 95% confidence interval. We find this

interval by using the equation ( p 1 p 2 ) E < p1 p2 < ( p 1 p 2 ) + E. To use this
equation, we have to find the value of E by using another equation

Zc x ((p 1 x q 1 / n 1 ) + (p 2 x q 2 / n 2 )) . To find Zc, we go to table 3b and see that at
95%, the critical value is 1.96. Then, we plug in the values we already know into the
equation for E, 1.96 x ((0.763 x 0.237/ 59) + (0.581 x 0.419/ 62)) . After calculations, the
E or margin of error is 0.1621. Next, we plug in all the values we know into the
confidence interval equation, 0.182 0.164 < p1 p2 < 0.182 + 0.164. Our final answer
that we come up with is at a 95% confidence level, the interval is 0.018 < p1 - p2 <
0.346. This interval tells us that on average, the proportion of conservatives or liberals
who wanted fully clothed paintings was between 0.018 and 0.346.