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Introduction
Perfect Present (Presente perfecto)
Verbal time that is used for the actions of a recent past and that
relate to the present. It differs from the Present Continuous in that it is
used for events that are occurring around this particular moment in
time, or to indicate that something is temporary.

Tiempo verbal que se utiliza para las acciones de un

pasado reciente y que se relacionan con el presente. Se
diferencia del Presente Continuo en que se utiliza para
acontecimientos que estn ocurriendo en torno a este
momento particular en el tiempo, o para indicar que algo
es temporal.

Form (Forma)
In order to construct the affirmative form of the Present Perfect, one
must use as an auxiliary the verb "to have" in its simple form
accompanied by the main verb in its Past Participle (whether regular
verbs or irregular verbs).

Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Presente

Perfecto, se debe utilizar como auxiliar el verbo "to have"
en su forma simple acompaado por el verbo principal en
su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos
irregulares).

1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)

Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + participle past

Examples:

I have talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.)

She has gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.)
We have been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.)
They have learned English. (Han aprendido ingls.)
 2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + not + participle

past

Examples:

I havent talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.)

She hasnt gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.)
We havent been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.)
They havent learned English. (No han aprendido ingls.)

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases

interrogativas)

Auxiliary Verb (to have) + subject + participle

past?

Examples:

Have you talked to Peter? (Has hablado con

Peter?)
Has she gone to work? (Ha ido a su trabajo?)
Have you been to London? (Has ido a Londres?)
Have they learned English? (Han aprendido
ingls?)

Uses (Usos)
The perfect present is used for actions that occurred in a time not
concrete before now.

Se usa el presente perfecto para acciones que ocurrieron

en un tiempo no concreto antes de ahora.

1. The perfect present is used to describe an experience.

We do not use it for specific actions.

Se usa el presente perfecto para describir una

experiencia. No lo usamos para acciones especficas.

Examples:

I have never flown in a plane. (Nunca he volado en un

avin.)
He has worked in many different museums. (Ha trabajado en
muchos museos diferentes.)
We have been to Ro de Janeiro. (Hemos ido a Ro de
Janeiro.)

2. The perfect present is used for a change in time.

Se utiliza el presente perfecto para un cambio en el tiempo.

Examples:

I have become more timid in my old age. (Me he vuelto ms

tmido en mi vejez.)
Their English has improved a lot this year. (Su ingls ha
mejorado mucho este ao.)
He has learned to be more patient. (Ha aprendido a ser ms
paciente.)

3. Used for success or achievement.

Se usa para los xitos o logros.

Examples:
 Our football team has won the championship three times.
(Nuestro equipo de ftbol ha ganado el campeonato tres
veces.)
Dan has finished writing his first novel. (Dan ha terminado de
escribir su primera novela.)

4. We use the perfect present for actions that have not yet
happened. The use of the perfect present in these cases
indicates that we are still waiting for action, so we often use
the adverbs "yet" and "still".

Usamos el presente perfecto para acciones que todava no

han sucedido. El uso del presente perfecto en estos casos
indica que an estamos esperando la accin, por eso,
frecuentemente usamos los adverbios yet y still.

Examples:

The plane hasnt arrived yet. (El avin no ha llegado

todava.)
Our team still hasnt won a championship. (Nuestro equipo
an no ha ganado un campeonato.)
You havent finished your homework yet? (No has acabado
todava los deberes?)

5. The perfect present is used to talk about actions at

different times in the past. The use of the present perfect in
these cases indicates that more actions are possible in the
future.

Se utiliza el presente perfecto para hablar sobre acciones

en diferentes momentos en el pasado. El uso del presente
perfecto en estos casos indica que son posibles ms
acciones en el futuro.

Examples:
 We have spoken several times, but we still cant reach an
agreement. (Hemos hablado varias veces, pero todava no
podemos llegar a un acuerdo.)
Our team has played 4 games so far this year. (Nuestro
equipo ya ha jugado 4 partidos este ao.)

6. In general, we use the present perfect continuous for

situations that have begun in the past but are still present.

En general, usamos el presente perfecto continuo para

situaciones que han empezado en el pasado pero siguen
en el presente.

Examples:

How long has Michael been in Barcelona? (Cunto tiempo ha

estado Michael en Barcelona?)
I have loved you since the day I met you. (Te he querido desde
el da que te conoc.)

Pe
Perfect Past (pasado perfecto)
The perfect past in English is a verb tense that refers to a fact or
action that occurred in a time prior to another action. In other words,
a past and a previous past.

El pasado perfecto en ingls es un tiempo verbal que hace

referencia a un hecho o accin que ocurri en un tiempo
anterior a otra accin. Es decir un pasado y otro pasado
anterior a este.

Form (Forma)
Structurally it is the same as the perfect present, with the difference
that instead of using the auxiliary "Have / Has" we use "Had".

Like all verbal tenses, the perfect past is also applied to positive,
negative, and interrogative sentences.
 Estructuralmente es igual que el presente perfecto, con la
diferencia de que en vez de utilizar el auxiliar "Have / Has"
utilizamos "Had".

Como todos los tiempos verbales, el pasado perfecto

tambin es aplicado para las sentencias positivas,
negativas e interrogativas.

1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)

The perfect past in a positive sentence has the structure of

El pasado perfecto en una sentencia positiva tiene la

estructura de:

"subject + had + participle past".

Examples:

I had read something (Yo haba leido algo)

She had talked somebody (Ella haba hablado a alguien)

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

The perfect past in a negative sentence has the following structure

El pasado perfecto en una sentencia negativa tiene la

siguiente estructura:

"subject + had + not + participle past".

Examples:

I had not read something (Yo no haba ledo algo)

She had not talked somebody (Ella no haba hablado a
alguien)
 3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases
interrogativas)

The perfect past in an interrogative sentence has the following

structure

El pasado perfecto en una sentencia interrogativa tiene la

siguiente estructura:

"Had + sujeto + participio pasado".

Examples:

Had I read something? (Haba ledo algo?)

Had She talked somebody? (Haba hablado a alguien?)

Uses (Usos)

We can use the perfect past for the following cases:

Podemos utilizar el pasado perfecto para los siguientes
casos:

1. For an action that happened in the past, but that

occurred before another action.
Para una accin que ocurri en el pasado, pero que ocurri
antes de otra accin.

Examples:

I gave them the money that I had collected last week (Yo les
di el dinero que haba reunido la semana pasada)
 Laura had gone to the house before Mark came (Laura se
haba ido a la casa antes de que Mark lleg)
I bought the computer after I had sold the car (Me compr
el ordenador despus de haber vendido el coche)

2. When an action continues to occur for a time in the past,

but is stopped before the present.
Cuando una accin contina ocurriendo durante un
tiempo en el pasado, pero es detenido antes del presente.

Examples:
Laura had flown to England for six years before she had
problems (Laura haba viajado a Inglaterra durante seis
aos antes de que tuviera problemas)
Mark had studied English for two years before he had to
travel

(Mark haba estudiado ingles durante 2 aos antes de

que l tuviera que viajar)

3. Also, as in the present perfect, with some verbs we use

the perfect past for situations that began in the past
and that followed to a specific point in the past.
Tambin, como en el presente perfecto, con algunos
verbos usamos el pasado perfecto para situaciones que
empezaron en el pasado y que siguieron hasta un punto
especfico en el pasado.

Examples:

She had only owned one car before she bought her new BMW.
(Ella haba tenido un coche antes de que comprara su
nuevo BMW.)
 Id been depressed for a long time before I changed jobs.
(Haba estado deprimido durante mucho tiempo antes de
que cambiara de trabajo.)

conclusion
 Bibliography
http://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-avanzado/verb-tenses-past-
perfect/past-perfect

http://blogpara-aprenderingles.blogspot.com/2012/11/pasado-perfecto-ingles.html