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ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by different methods. It is The present study gives focus on the precipitation method in
confirmed that the various applications of ZnO nanoparticles place of hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanopowders
depend upon the control of both physical and chemical alongwith the study of the effect of reaction temperature,
properties such as size, shape, crystal structure, concentration of the precursor and time of growth and other
size-distribution, dispersion, surface-state, organization onto properties. Both the processes i.e. precipitation method and
hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nano particles have extra
Manuscript received February 19, 2012. advantages to get the actual size at nanometer scale, can be
Shambhu Sharan Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of obtained by these methods [2,3,4]. The reaction is carried out
Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Extension Centre
under moderate conditions to get required powders with
Allahabad, India.
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Chemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano particles by Precipitation Method
different morphologies by adjusting the reaction conditions. for 20 minutes and washed three times with double distilled
The as-prepared powders have different properties from that water, and then washed with absolute alcohol at last. The
of the bulk particles [1, 3, 14, 16]. obtained product was dried and calcined at 500C in air
atmosphere for 3 hours.
Nanotechnology recompenses the solution to medicine
because it has the ability to find materials in nanoscale The method by which, nano particles have been synthesized
diameter that have an enhanced bioactivity for dieses-curing has a special interest. This is because, it has many factors that
[21,22]. Nanoparticles are introduced as vital element of cooperate to adjust the size, morphology, stability and
nanotechnology that draw a special interest from scientists properties (chemical and physical) of the metal nanoparticles,
and researchers of different fields. The main reason for this some of these factors are the experimental conditions, the
importance is the increased specific surface area of these kinetics of interaction of metal ions with reducing agents, and
nanoparticles in comparison to their volume, which enables adsorption processes of stabilizing agent with metal
their interaction with bio-organics present on the viable cells nanoparticles [21,22,23].
surface [20,21,22]. Nanoparticles provided many
applications in high-density magnetic recording media and There are many ways to produce nanoparticles, which are:
biomedical activities such as magnetic resonance imaging electrochemical method, thermal decomposition, laser
(MRI), cell and DNA separation, drug delivery, gene cloning, ablation, microwave irradiation and chemical synthesis. One
and hyperthermia for cancer therapy, etc [17,18, 21]. of these methods is chemical reduction method; this method
has many advantages, such as simple equipment, short
Today, for the purpose of increasing demand of antimicrobial process and easy industrial production [13,18,21,23]. ZnO
products that can solve the problem of resistant strains instead nanoparticles were synthesized by direct precipitation method
of existing antimicrobial drugs; metallic nanoparticles which using zinc nitrate and KOH as precursors.
have a great attention by many researchers to study these nano
particles, and is obtained many important results in this field Characterization of nanoparticles
[20,23]. Metal oxides nano particles such as ZnO, MgO,
TiO2, SiO2, CuO and CoO play a vital role as anti corrosion For characterization purpose, Uv-vis spectroscopy was used
additives, UV blocking agents, anti aging agents, to prove the existence of nanoparticles. The morphology and
antimicrobial agents etc. size was determined by the transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) study.
In other words, these metal nanoparticles can be used as
antimicrobial activity because of their effectiveness on
resistant strains of microbial pathogens, less toxicity and heat III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
resistance. In addition, they provide mineral elements
essential to human cells. In this work, zinc nitrate For analytical study of the prepared sample, the amount of
{Zn(NO3)2.6H2O} has been employed as a primary reagent absorption within wave length of 300550 nm was observed
and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a precipitating agent. by uv-vis-spectroscopy.
Precipitation method is a promising alternative synthetic
method because of the low process temperature and was very
easy to control the particles-size [18,19,21,22].
Materials
To carry out the synthesis work, zinc nitrate as the precursor
and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a precipitating agent to
synthesize the ZnO nanoparticles were procured from
Sigma-Aldrich Company Limited.
Preparation methods
In this work, the aqueous solution (0.2 M) of zinc nitrate It is known that an absorption band at about 370 nm due to
{Zn(NO3)2.6H2O} and the solution (0.4 M) of KOH were surface plasmon resonance in ZnO nanoparticles. Figure 1
prepared with deionized water. The KOH solution was slowly shows the UV-vis spectra of ZnO nanoparticles recorded
added into zinc nitrate solution at room temperature under
between 300 and 550 nm. As illustrated, the SPR band
vigorous stirring, which resulted in the formation of a white
suspension. The white product was centrifuged at 5000 rpm cantered 372 nm confirms the formation of ZnO nanoparticles
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International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
Volume-2012, January-June 2012.
in the solution. Dynamic light scattering is a widely used Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been available as coated dry
technique for the determination of particles-size in colloidal powders wherein the material is treated to impart specific
solution. As is seen in figure 2, average size of nanoparticle surface functionality to the particles, such as hydrophobicity
of surfaces.
synthesized is 30 nm. The distribution of ZnO nanoparticles is
The technology has been designed for individual nanoparticle
about 20 nm which indicates moderate distribution of the
coating and as such prevents the formation of irreversible
nanoparticles.
agglomerates. The coating can also be tailored to
accommodate a range of surface functionality as well as
reactivity, thereby providing the optimum compatibility with
individual applications.
IV. CONCLUSION
V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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Chemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano particles by Precipitation Method
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