Chapter 2 Carbon Compound

List of PEKA experiments:

Combustion products of organic compound
Properties of alkanes and alkenes
Preparation of ethanol by fermentation
Chemical properties of ethanol
Chemical properties of ethanoic acid
Esters Laboratory preparation and physical properties
Coagulation of latex
Elasticity of vulcanised and unvulcanised rubber
Latex product
Number Laboratory Work 2.1

Pg. 25

Title Combustion products of organic compound

Aim To identify the combustion product of organic

compound. / To investigate the complete
combustion of organic compounds.

Apparatus 250 cm3 beaker

Boiling tube

Stopper with 2 holes

Delivery tube

Rubber tubing

Filter funnel

Filter pump

Retort stand and clamp

Spirit lamp

Bunsen burner

0 110C thermometer

Test tube holder

Wooden blocks

Material Ice

Ethanol

Palm oil
 Limewater

Number Laboratory Work 2.2

Pg. 32

Title Properties of alkanes and alkenes

Aim To compare the properties of alkanes and

alkenes

A. Reaction with oxygen

To compare the combustion of hexane and

hexane

B. Reaction with bromine

To compare the reaction of hexane and

hexane with bromine

C. Reaction with acidized potassium

manganate(VII) solution

To compare the reaction of hexane and

hexane with acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution

Apparatus Evaporating dish / Porcelain dishes

Dropper

Test tube

Bunsen burner

Material Hexane

Hexene

Bromine in 1,1,1-trichloroethane

0.1 mol dm-3 potassium manganate(VII)

solution

Dilute sulphuric acid

Wooden splinter

Filter paper

.
Number Laboratory Work 2.3

Pg. 38

Title Preparation of ethanol by fermentation

Aim To prepare samples of ethanol, C2H5OH by

fermentation

Apparatus 250 cm3 conical flask

150 cm3 conical flask

500 cm3 beaker

50 cm3 measuring cylinder

Distillation flask (round-bottomed flask)

Stopper with delivery tube

Stopper with 1 hole

0 110C thermometer

Liebig condenser

Fractionating column

Retort stand and clamp

Tripod stand

Wire gauze

Glass rod

Bunsen burner

1 m rubber tubing

Filter funnel

Boiling tube

Material Glucose

Yeast

Limewater

Distilled water

Filter paper (4 pieces)

 Fruits such as pineapple, grape, papaya,
banana, apple, berries

Cooked potatoes, rice or tapioca

Number Laboratory Work 2.4

Pg. 41

Title Chemical properties of ethanol

Aim To investigate the chemical properties of

ethanol, C2H5OHA. Combustion of ethanolB.
Oxidation of ethanolC. Dehydration of
ethanol

Apparatus A. Combustion of ethanol

Evaporating dish

Wooden splinter

B. Oxidation of ethanol

Test tubes

Boiling tube

Stopper with delivery tube

Test tube holder

500 cm3 beaker

Retort stand and clamp

Bunsen burner

10 cm3 measuring cylinder

Dropper

C. Dehydration of ethanol

Test tubes

Boiling tube

Stopper with delivery tube

Test tube holder

 500 cm3 beaker

Retort stand and clamp

Bunsen burner

Forceps

Dropper

Material A. Combustion of ethanol

Ethanol

B. Oxidation of ethanol

Ethanol

30 g dm-3 potassium dichromate(VI),

K2Cr2O7solution

Ice

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Blue litmus paper

C. Dehydration of ethanol

Ethanol

30 g dm-3 potassium dichromate(VI),

K2Cr2O7solution

3 g dm-3 potassium manganate(VII),

KMnO4solution

Bromine water

Glass wool

Unglazed porcelain chips

Water

Number Laboratory Work 2.5

Pg. 48

Title Chemical properties of ethanoic acid

Aim To investigate the chemical reactions of

 ethanoic acid, CH3COOH

A. Reactions of ethanoic acid as an acid

i. reaction of ethanoic acid with a metal

ii. reaction of ethanoic acid with a metal

carbonate

iii. reaction of ethanoic acid with a base

B. Reaction of ethanoic acid with alcohol

Apparatus A. Reactions of ethanoic acid as an acidi.

reaction of ethanoic acid with a metal

Test tube

Test tube rack

Wooden splinter

ii. reaction of ethanoic acid with a metal

carbonate

Test tubes

Stopper with delivery tube

iii. reaction of ethanoic acid with a base

Test tube

Spatula

Glass rod

Bunsen burner

Tripod stand

Wire gauze

Evaporating dish

B. Reaction of ethanoic acid with alcohol

Dropper

Boiling tube

250 cm3 beaker

Test tube holder

 Bunsen burner

Material A. Reactions of ethanoic acid as an acidi.

reaction of ethanoic acid with a metal

1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid

Metal powder (Magnesium ribbon / Zinc)

ii. reaction of ethanoic acid with a metal

carbonate

1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid

Metal carbonate powder (Calcium

carbonate/Iron(III) carbonate/Sodium
carbonate)

Limewater

iii. reaction of ethanoic acid with a base

1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution

Metal oxide powder (Copper(II) oxide)

B. Reaction of ethanoic acid with alcohol

Glacial ethanoic acid

Absolute ethanol / Butan-1-ol

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Ice

Water

Number Laboratory Work 2.6

Pg. 53

Title Esters Laboratory preparation and physical

properties

Aim To prepare a sample of ethyl ethanoate,

CH3COOC2H5in the laboratory

A. Laboratory preparation of esterTo prepare

a sample of ethyl ethanoate
 B. Physical properties of ethyl ethanoate

To investigate the physical properties of ethyl

ethanoate

Apparatus A. Laboratory preparation of ester

100 cm3 beaker

500 cm3 beaker

250 cm3 distillation flask (round-bottomed

flask)

250 cm3 conical flask

50 cm3 measuring cylinder

Tap funnel

0 250C thermometer

Liebig condenser

Bunsen burner

Tripod stand

Retort stand and clamp

Stopper with 2 holes

Wooden block

Porous chips / tile chips

Oil bath

B. Physical properties of ethyl ethanoate

Test tube

Dropper

Glass rod

Sample bottle

Material A. Laboratory preparation of ester

Absolute ethanol

Glacial ethanoic acid

 Concentrated sulphuric acid

Oil

Tap water

B. Physical properties of ethyl ethanoate

Ethyl ethanoate (from A)

Distilled water

Acetone

Methylated spirits

Number Laboratory Work 2.7

Pg. 60

Title Coagulation of latex

Aim To investigate the coagulation of latex

Apparatus 100 cm3 beaker

Measuring cylinder

Glass rod

Dropper

Material Rubber latex

1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid

1.0 mol dm-3 ammonia solution

Red and blue litmus paper

Number Laboratory Work 2,8

Pg. 61

Title Vulcanised rubber

Aim To prepare vulcanised rubber

Apparatus 10 cm x 10 cm glass plate

 Glass rod

Razor blade

A pair of tongs

250 cm3 beaker

Material Rubber latex

Disulphur dichloride in methylbenzene

Number Experiment 2.1

Pg. 62

Title Elasticity of vulcanised and unvulcanised

rubber

Aim To compare the elasticity of vulcanised and

unvulcanised rubber

Problem Is vulcanised rubber is more elastics than

Statement unvulcanised rubber?

Hypothesis Vulcanised rubber is more elastics than

unvulcanised rubber

Apparatus Retort stand and clamps

Bulldog clips

Hooks

Metre rule

Weights (50 g)

Material Vulcanised rubber strip

Unvulcanised rubber strip

Variables Manipulated variable: Types of rubber

(vulcanised rubber strip and unvulcanised
rubber strip)

Responding variable: Elasticity of rubber /

Length of rubber strip

Controlled/Fixed variable: Mass of weight,

 size of rubber strip

Operational If the minimum weight required for the

Definition rubber strip to fail to return to its initial
length is larger, then the rubber strip is
more elastic.

Number Laboratory Work 2.9

Pg. 64

Title Latex product

Aim To prepare a rubber glove in the laboratory

Apparatus 500 cm3 beaker

Dropper

Glass rod

Plastics arm mould

String

Retort stand and clamp

Basin

Material Fresh latex

2.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid

Water