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a) W =m g h
m2
(
W = ( 900 g ) 9,8
s2 )
(120 m)
m2
W =1058400 g
s2
7
m 1 J 10 ergios
W =1058,4 kg ( 2
)( )
s m 1J
Kg 2
s
7
W =1058,4 10 ergios
W =1,0584 1010 ergios
0,24 cal
b) W =1058,4 J ( )
1J
W =254,016 cal
E=QW
Q= E+W
V
W =P V ln( )
V
Q= E+W
Q=100 cal +557,52 cal
Q=657,52 cal
T =25 =298 K
P
W =n R T ln( )
P
cal 1 atm
W =(2 moles)(1,987 )(298 K ) ln ( )
K mol 9 atm
W =(1184,25 cal)(2,197)
W =2601,79 cal
T =20 =293 K
T =80 =325 K
W =P V
W =P (V V )
0,082 L atm
(3 moles )( )(293 K )
n RT K mol
V = = =72,078 L
P 1 atm
V =
n RT
=
( 3 moles ) ( 0,082 L atm
K mol )
( 353 K )
=86,838 L
P 1 atm
W =(1 atm)(86,838 L72,078 L)
24,24 cal
W =14,76 atm. L( )
1 atm . L
W =357,78 cal
E=nCv T
293 K +353 K
T= =323 K
2
3 cal
E=(3 moles)(7,5+3,2 10 T )( 60 K )
mol . grado
cal
E=(3 moles)(7,5+3,2 103 (323) )(60 K )
mol . K
E=1536,048 cal
H =nCp T
cal cal cal
Cp=R+Cv=1,987 +8,5336 =10,52
K mol K mol K mol
cal
H =(3 moles )(10,52 )(60 K )
K mol
H =1893,708 cal
Qp= E+ W
Qp=E E + P V
Qp=E E + PV PV
Qp=E + PV ( E + PV )
Qp=H H
Qp= H
Qp=1893,708 cal
3 7 2 cal
0 a 250 . Si Cp=6,42+1,665 10 T 1,96 10 T . Si el CO
mol . grado
T =0 =273 K
T =250 =523 K
W =P V
W =P (V V )
V =
n RT
=
( 0,3 moles ) ( 0,082 L atm
K mol )
( 273 K )
=0,67158 L
P 10 atm
V =
n RT
=
( 0,3 moles ) ( 0,082 L atm
K mol )
( 523 K )
=1,28658 L
P 10 atm
W =(10 atm)(1,28658 L0,62238 L)
24,24 cal
W =6,15. L( )
1 atm . L
W =149,076 cal
H =nCp T
273 K +523 K
T= =398 K
2
3 7 2 cal
H =(0,3 moles)(6,42+1,66510 T 1,96 10 T )(250 K )
mol . grado
cal
H =(0,3 moles)(6,42+1,665103 (398)1,96 107 (398)2 )( 250 K )
mol . K
cal
(
H =( 0,3 moles ) 7,0516
mol . K )
(250 K )
H =528,87 cal
E=nCv T
cal cal cal
Cv=CpR=7,0516 1,987 =5,0646
K mol K mol K mol
cal
E=(0,3 moles)(5,0646 )(250 K )
K mol
E=379,845 cal
Qp= E+ W
Qp=E E + P V
Qp=E E + PV PV
Qp=E + PV ( E + PV )
Qp=H H
Qp= H
Qp=528,87 cal
W =P V
W =P (V V )
0,082 L atm
(1 mol)( )( 0 K )
n RT K mol
V = = =0 L
P 1 atm
V =
n RT
=
( 1 mol ) ( 0,082 L atm
K mol )
( 373 K )
=30,586 L
P 1 atm
W =(1 atm)(30,586 L0 L)
24,24 cal
W =30,586 atm. L( )
1 atm . L
W =741,40 cal
E=QW
E=9720 cal 741,40 cal
E=8978,6 cal
cal
7. Para cierto gas ideal Cp=8, 58 Cul ser el volumen y la
K mol
E=QW
E=0W
E=W
T V
nCv T = P V
T V
T V
n Cv T =P V
T V
T V
n R T
n Cv T = V
T V V
T V
T V
Cv =R
T T V V
T V
ln =( 1)ln
T V
T V 1 P 1
=( ) =( )
T V P
T P 1 V P
se deduce :( ) =( ) y( ) =
T P V P
1
T P
( ) =( )
T P
T 1,3 15 atm 11,3
( ) =( )
293 5 atm
T 1,3 0,3
= (3)
293
T
=0,776
293
T =277,368 K
K273
=
5 5
T =227,368273=45,61
V P
( ) =
V P
1,3
3,2 L 5 atm
( ) =
V 15 atm
3,2 L 1,3 1
V
=
3
3,205 L
=0,4295
V
V =7,462 L
(P V PV )
W=
1
( 5 atm ) ( 7,462 L ) ( 15 atm ) (3,205 L)
W=
11,3
( 37,31 atm . L ) ( 48,075 atm. L)
W=
0,3
10,765 atm . L
W=
0,3
W =35,883 atm. L
24,24 cal
W =35,883 atm. L( )
1 atm . L
W =869,80 cal
Q=0 cal
E=QW
E=0W
E=W
H =nCp T
H =nCp (T T )
cal
H =( 2 moles ) ( 8,58
mol . K )
(65,614 K )
H =1125,936 cal
T P 1
( ) =( )
T P
1,301
T 15 atm 11,301
( ) =( )
227,385 K 5 atm
T 1,301
= 30.301
227,385 K
T =( 0,775 ) (227,385 K )
T =176,35 K
V P
( ) =
V P
7,45 L 1,301 15 atm
( ) =
V 5 atm
7,45 L 1,301
= 3
V
V =(2,326)(7,45 L)
V =17,33 L
E=QW
E=0W
W = E
W =672,947 cal
H =( E+ PV )
H =( E+ P V )
H =( E+n R T )
H =E +n R T
H =E +n R(T T )
cal
H =672,947 cal+(1 mol)(1,987 )(176,35 K227,385 K )
K mol
H =672,947 cal101,406 cal
H =774,353 cal
cal
11. Unmol de un gas ideal de Cv=5,0 inicialmente en
K mol
condiciones normales, cursa el siguiente ciclo reversible:
A) Del estado 1 al estado 2 se calienta a volumen constante hasta dos
veces su temperatura inicial. B) Del estado 2 al estado 3, se expande
adiabticamente mientras la temperatura desciende al valor inicial. C)
Del estado 3 al estado 1 se comprime isotrmicamente regresando a
su estado inicial. Calcular q , W , E y H , para las etapas
A, B y C para el ciclo.
A) 1 2, Vcte
T =2T
W =P V , si Vcte
W =0 cal
Q=nCv T
Q=nCv (T T )
cal
Q=( 1 mol ) (5 )(273 K )
K mol
Q=1365 cal
E=QW , W =0 cal
E=Q
E=1365 cal
H =( E+ PV )
H =( E+n R T )
H =E +n R T
H =E +n R(T T )
cal
(
H =1365 cal+ ( 1 mol ) 1,987
K mol)(273 K )
H =1907,451 cal
B) 2 3, expansin adiabatica
T =2T
Q=0 cal
E=nCv T
E=nCv (T T )
cal
(
E=( 1 mol ) 5
K mol )
(273 K )
E=1365 cal
H =( E+ PV )
H =( E+n R T )
H =E +n R T
H =E +n R(T T )
cal
(
H =1365 cal+ ( 1mol ) 1,987
K mol)(273 K)
H =1907,451cal
C) 3 1, comprensin isotrmica
Tcte
CpCv=R
Cp=Cv+ R
cal cal cal
Cp=5 +1,987 =6,1987
K mol K mol K mol
Cv
=
Cp
cal
6,1987
K mol
= =1,397
cal
5
K mol
1
T V
=( )
T V
V 1
2=( )
V
0,397 V
2=
V
V
=5,731
V
V
W =n R T ln( )
V
cal
(
W =( 1 mol ) 1,987
K mol)(273 K) ln(5,731)
W =947,059 cal
H =( E+ PV )
H =( E+n R T )
H =E +n R T , si E=0 cal y Tcte
H =0 cal
Ciclo:
Qciclo=Qa+Qb+ Qc
Qciclo=1365 cal+0 cal 947,059 cal
Qciclo=417,941cal
Wciclo=Wa+Wb+Wc
Wciclo=0 cal+1365 cal947,059 cal
Wciclo=417,941 cal
Q= E +W gas
gas
nCp T = E+W
nCp T =Cv T +W gas , para n=1 mol
T ( CpCv )=W gas
T ( CpCv )=n R T
CpCv=R
CpR=Cv
Cp R Cv Cp
= , si =
Cv Cv Cv Cv
R
=1
Cv
R
1=
Cv
nCv T = P V
T V
T V
n Cv T =P V
T V
T V
n R T
n Cv T = V
T V V
T V
T V
Cv =R
T T V V
T V
ln =( 1)ln
T V
1
T V
=( )
T V
PV P V
Ecuaccin de estadode un gas ideal : =
T T
T P V T V 1
= en =( )
T PV T V
1
P V V
=( )
P V V
P V V 1
=
P V V 1
P V 1 V
=
P V 1 V
P V
=
P V
PV =P V =P V =constante
PV P V
Ecuaccin de estadode un gas ideal : =
T T
V P T T V
1
= en =( )
V P T T V
T P T 1
=( )
T PT
1
T ( P T )
=
T ( P T ) 1
1
T T 1 (P )
=
T T 1 (P )1
T P 1
( ) =( )
T P
T P 1
=( )
T P
T P 1 1 Cp
=( ) , si =
T P Cv
Cv
T P 1
Cp
=( )
T P
T P CpCv
=( ) Cp , CpCv=R
T P
R
T P Cp
=( )
T P
T T T
R
= R
= R
=constante
P Cp
P Cp
P Cp
Qv=m v T