5.

2 Planning of Data Collection Method

In this action research, I will use three different instruments to

determine whether the Journey Map technique could improve listening
comprehension skill among Year 4 Amanah pupils or not. I will use a variety of
instruments to collect my data to address the validity of the data. Moreover, in
a research, triangulation is an important method which refers to the use of
different methods or data sources to develop a comprehensive and
understanding phenomena of a study (Patton,1999). A good research will use
the triangulation method in their data collection to enhance the validity of the
findings (Jick,1979).

Interview

The first data collection method that I will use to determine the
effectiveness of my Journey Map technique is by conducting an interview
session with the pupils after the intervention implementation. I choose
interview as one of the method for my data collection because through this
interview I will be able to ask more detailed question regarding the issue to my
pupils and it also will be very useful for me to get detailed information about
their perception and opinions about the effectiveness of the Journey Map
technique.

Furthermore, in this interview I will use four question to elicit response

from the pupils. During the planning of preparing the interview question, I will
ensure it to be simple and easy to understand by the pupils because we
would be able to get the desired response from the research participant if they
do not understand the question (Ling & Hasnah,2010). I will interview three
from ten of my research participants to conduct this interview to get a clear
feedback about the effectiveness of using Journey Map technique. (Appendix
E)

Diagnostics test

Moreover, another instrument that I will use to collect data to know the
effectiveness of the Journey Map techniques in improving pupils listening
comprehension skill is by using evaluating them using diagnostics test. I will
divide the test into test one and test two which was before and after
intervention to know my pupils understanding and also to evaluate the
effectiveness of my intervention. They are several benefits of conducting a
test in a classroom where it engages active learning and enhance pupils
critical thinking skills specifically when the test in engaging and innovative
(Koh, Tan &Ng,2012).

Besides, I will conduct the test one before the implementation of my

intervention in the lesson to measure the effectiveness of the traditional
method of teaching. Apart from that, I will conduct the test two after the
implementation of my intervention to measure the effectiveness of the
Journey Map technique in improving pupils listening comprehension skill.
Next, for this diagnostic test I will choose the topic Going places from Unit 15
which will be suitable for the pupils level and proficiency. I will use listening
text about Doras adventurous journey to Penang (Appendix D). Based on my
practicum experience, I have found out that, pupils engage in the lesson if the
listening text is suitable to their level and proficiency. Thus, this is way I want
to be careful when selecting the stimulus for my diagnostic test. I will design
my test question in a subjective format because it will be suitable for me to
evaluate pupils listening comprehension in this format rather than objective
format. In objective format pupils, can just pick an answer from the options
given below without even understanding the text. So, there might be a
possibility for the responses to be easily forged. Based on a study conducted
by University of Minnesota (2011) stated that, a multiple-choice items test can
be unfair and influence by the pupils attitude, subject matter such as reading
skills, logical reasoning, the use of contextual clues and also risk taking. Thus,
I will design my test in a subjective format which requires short responses
only.

The journal writing

A reflective journal is an annotated chronological record that records

ideas, personal thoughts and experience as well as reflections (Wellington,
cited in Faizah 2008). According to (O'Connell & Dyment,2013) reflective
journals can be used as a research instrument which helps to record their
daily experiences, opinions, personal feelings and reflection on the issues. I
want to choose this instrument to collect my data so that I will be able to write
down all the actions and outcomes which I will be observing before, during
and after the intervention.

In addition, reflective journals not only used to collect research data,

but it also used to promote learning and transformation (Ghaye,2011).
Moreover, Thompson & Pascal (2012) also stated that in a journal writing
process, researched will be able to identify their own practises, actions,
feelings and values. Hence, they will gather a new information based on their
own reflective journal which can be used to evaluate oneself for the
betterment of their own practices. Likewise, I will use the reflective journal as
an instrument to determine the effectiveness of the Journey Map technique m
to improve the listening comprehension.

5.3 Planning of Data Analysis Method

5.3.1 Interview

First and foremost, to analyse the data which will be collected by

conducting an interview, the researcher will get familiar with the data collected
by reading and re-reading it. Then, the researcher will code the data into
different categories to analyse it. Next, the researcher will look into the
categories to identify the overlapping and similar categories. Furthermore, the
researcher will further refine and reduce the categories by grouping them
together. Finally, the researcher also will label the coding using a theme for a
broader scope and better understanding. Hence, from the data analysis, the
researcher would be able to determine the effectiveness of using Journey
Map technique to improve pupils listening comprehension skill.

5.3.2 Diagnostics test

In addition, the researcher will use mean, standard deviation and

percentage to analyse the data collected from administrating the diagnostic
test. Mean is the average of the scores collected. Thus, the researcher will
collect the scores of the diagnostic test to get the mean of the score. The
mean of the score will determine the average of the scores that pupils are
collected. Thus, from getting the mean, the researcher will be able to evaluate
the effectiveness of using Journey Map Technique in improving pupils
listening comprehension skill. Furthermore, the researcher will use standard
deviation to analyse the data collected from the diagnostic test. Standard
deviation is a quantity expressing by how much the members of a group differ
from the mean value from the other group. The researcher will use standard
deviation to compare the result of test one and test two because it allows
comparison between two or more sets of data to determine if their averages
are truly different. Hence, from using standard deviation, the researcher would
be able to see the difference in the result before and after implementing the
Journey Map technique in the lesson. Lastly, the researcher will use
percentage to analyse the data obtained from administering the diagnostic
test. To calculate the percentage, the researcher will divide the scores pupils
obtained as a numerator by the total mark of the test as the denominator and
then multiplying the answer by 100 to give the percentage of the marks
scored. Percentage helps the researcher to grade the student according to
five grading categories. The categories were as follows: Distinction (A), Good
(B), Satisfactory (C), Weak (D), and Very Weak (E). These scales were based
on the School Examination Analysis System (SAPS) which have been used in
all the schools in Malaysia. Table 2.0 shows the grading categories and its
respective mark ranges.
Level of achievement
Grade A (80%-100%)
Grade B (60%-70%)
Grade C (40%-59%)
Grade D (20%-39%)
Grade E (0%-19%)

Table 2.0 Grading categories

5.3.3 Reflective Journal

Moreover, to analyse the journal writing, the researcher will read the
reflection thoroughly and they will code the write up to five categories which
are the description, feelings, evaluation, analysis and lastly conclusion. In the
description, the researcher will state the stimulant for the reflection so that
they would know what are the main issue. Then, the researcher would
separate their own opinions and reaction in the feelings coding to evaluate
their own experience regarding the issue. Moreover, next the researcher will
evaluate the experience that they went through and they will make a
judgement out of it. Furthermore, the researcher will analyse the issue using
ideas from outside their experience. Finally, they draw a conclusion out of the
categories to conclude what they have gathered through the reflective journal.
Thus, through this process, the researcher would be able to transcribe their
own reflective journal to determine the effectiveness of their teaching
practices.