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Generator Relay
Instruction Manual
Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous.
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
Earth
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
Copyright
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relays use and application.
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this relay.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this relay.
5 Management
Introduce the displayed measurement and recording in the relay.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each plug-in module of this relay and providing the
definition of pins of each plug-in module.
7 Settings
List all the settings and some notes about the setting application.
9 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.
10 Installation
Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
11 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this relay.
12 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this relay is outlined.
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
&
AND gate
OR gate
Comparator
Timer
t
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
t
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay dropoff (0ms), non-settable]
[t1] 0ms
Timer (t1: delay pickup, settable)
0ms [t2]
Timer (t2: delay dropoff, settable)
[t1] [t2]
Timer (t1: delay pickup, t2: delay dropoff, settable)
Basic Example
A, B, C L1, L2, L3 Ia, Ib, Ic, I0 IL1, IL2, IL3, IN
AN, BN, CN L1N, L2N, L3N Ua, Ub, Uc VL1, VL2, VL3
ABC L123 Uab, Ubc, Uca VL12, VL23, VL31
U (voltage) V U0, U1, U2 VN, V1, V2
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1 Introduction..................................................................................... 1-a
1.1 Application....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Function ........................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Features ........................................................................................................... 1-3
1.4 Order Information............................................................................................ 1-7
List of Tables
Table 1.2-1 Function configuration of generator ..................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Application
PCS-985G can be applied for large-scale turbo-dynamo, gas-turbine generator and nuclear power
generator with different connection modes.
For a large-scale generator, two sets of PCS-985G can be used and then main protection,
abnormal operation condition protection and backup protection can be duplicated. Control circuit
and mechanical protection are installed on a separate panel. Two sets of PCS-985G use different
CT groups and main and backup protection in one PCS-985G share one CT group. The outputs
correspond to various trip coils.
1.2 Function
PCS-985G takes fully into account maximum configuration of large-scale generator, and suits the
generator with capacity of 100MW or above.
PCS-985G can select to configure the following protection functions, and means that it is an
abnormality alarm function.
19 Loss-of-excitation protection 3 1 40
20 Out-of-step protection 2 1 78
21 Overvoltage protection 2 1 59
22 Undervoltage protection 1 1
23 Definite-time over-excitation protection 2 1 24
24 Inverse-time over-excitation protection 24
25 Reverse-power protection 2 1 32R
26 Low-power protection 1 1 37G
27 Sequential tripping reverse-power protection 1 1 32R
28 Underfrequency protection 3 1 81U
29 Overfrequency protection 2 1 81O
30 Startup/shutdown protection of differential current 1 1
31 Startup/shutdown protection of residual voltage 1 1
32 Low-frequency overcurrent protection 1 1 50
33 Inadvertent energization protection 1 1 50/27
34 Breaker failure protection 1 2 50BF
35 Voltage balance function 60
36 VT circuit supervision VTS
37 CT circuit supervision CTS
Note!
Rotor earth-fault protection can select voltage switchover principle or external voltage
injection principle.
Note!
1. For generator with the capacity of 300MW or above, panel A and B are both equipped with
generator differential protection.
2. For generator differential protection, there are two kinds of percentage differential protection:
variable slope percentage differential protection and DPFC percentage differential protection.
1. Panel A and B are equipped with complete set of backup protection of generator and
excitation transformer/exciter. Different CTs are used for them.
2. As to rotor earth-fault protection, two sets of such protection cannot work simultaneously
otherwise influence between them will appear. Only one set of rotor earth-fault protection can
be enabled during operation. If other set will be put into operation sometimes, this set shall be
quitted firstly.
3. Generator reverse power protection can share one group of generator terminal CT with
generator differential protection, or adopt independent measurement CT.
2. For generator inter-turn protection, in order to prevent undesired operation due to VT circuit
failure at HV side used dedicatedly for this protection, one set of protection shall adopt two
groups of VT. However, if it is considered to adopt only independent VT windings, too much
VT will be installed at generator terminal and it is not reasonable. So it is recommended to
equip three windings of VT there, namely VT1, VT2 and VT3. Panel A adopts voltage from
VT1 and VT3 while panel B VT2 and VT3. During normal operation, panel A adopts VT1 and
panel B adopts VT2 while VT3 is backup to both of them. If circuit of VT1 or VT2 fails, VT3 will
be switched on automatically by software.
3. For residual voltage, there are two windings adopted by two sets of protection equipments
simultaneously in general.
1.3 Features
High-performance general-purpose hardware and real-time calculations
The output mode of fault detector AND protection operation eliminates the possibility of
malfunction and misjudgment caused by hardware fault of the device.
Strong EM compatibility
Integral panel and fully enclosed chassis are adopted. Strong electricity and weak electricity are
strictly separated. Traditional rear board wiring mode is not used. At the same time, measures
against interference are taken in software design, greatly improving the immunity to disturbances.
EM radiation to outside satisfies relevant standards.
Modular programs
Modular programs allow flexible protection configuration and easy functional adjustment.
Variable slope percentage characteristic is adopted for differential protection. Pickup slope and
maximum slope should be reasonably set, so that high sensitivity can be gained during internal
fault and transient unbalance current can be avoided during external fault. In order to prevent
undesired operation of differential protection due to CT saturation, measures to discriminate CT
saturation are provided for phase current at each side.
DPFC percentage differential protection reflects only deviation components of differential current
and restraint current and is not effected by load current. It can detect light fault within generator.
Besides, it is insensitive to CT saturation since its restraint coefficient is set comparatively high.
According to relation between DPFC restraint current and DPFC differential current of differential
protection, external or internal fault can be discriminated correctly. For external fault, waveform
discrimination of phase current and differential current is adopted. Undesired operation will not
occur if CT correct transfer time from primary to secondary side is not less than 5ms. As to internal
fault, the device will operate quickly.
By adopting frequency tracking, digital filter and Fourier transformation, the filtration ratio of third
harmonic component can reach more than 100. These entire countermeasure guarantees the
reliability of the protection in all occasions as mentioned as below:
The transverse differential protection can get reliable restraint effect because the faulty phase
current increases greatly while transverse differential current increases less in external fault
situation.
The protection has very high operation sensitivity because transverse differential current
increases comparatively large whereas phase current change not too observably in slightly
inter-turn fault situation.
The high-setting stage of transverse differential protection will operate quickly and reliably when
severe inter-turn fault occurs in stator winding.
In case of phase-to-phase fault of stator winding, not only transverse differential current but also
phase current increase greatly, therefore just low percentage restraint by phase current
guarantees the reliable operation of transverse differential protection against the fault.
As for unbalanced transverse differential current increasing during normal operation condition,
transverse differential protection uses float threshold to avoid undesired operation.
By adopting frequency tracking, digital filter and Fourier transformation, the filtration ratio of third
harmonic component can reach more than 100. Calculated longitudinal residual overvoltage
protection is adopted in PCS-985G, which is the new criteria of generator inter-turn protection and
does not need the special VT for the protection.
By adopting frequency tracking, digital filter and Fourier transformation, the filtration ratio of third
harmonic component can reach more than 100.
The sensitive stage of fundamental residual voltage protection operates and issues trip command
only if the dual criterias of residual voltages of generator terminal and neutral point are met at the
same time.
The ratio settings of third harmonic of generator terminal to that of neutral point used in third
harmonic ratio criteria will automatically suit to the change of ratio fore-and-aft incorporating in
power network third harmonic voltage of the plant unit. This automation adjustment function
ensures the correctness of signals generated and issued by the third harmonic voltage criteria
even during incorporation or isolation course of generator.
The ratio and phase-angle difference of third harmonic voltage of generator terminal to that of
neutral point keeps almost stable when the generator is in normal operation condition; also it is a
slow developing course. Through real time adjustment of coefficient of amplitude value and phase,
PCS-985 makes differential voltage between generator terminal and neutral point as zero in
normal operation condition. When stator earth fault occurs, the criteria tend to operate reliably and
sensitively.
The protection adopts digital technology to calculate earth fault resistance accurately.
Settings configured two stage are provided. One stage operates to alarm, and the other stage
operates to trip.
The residual current protection is free from impact of 20Hz power, which provides mainly
protection for comparatively severe stator earth fault.
The protection is adaptive for various operation conditions, such as stillness, no-load, shutdown,
startup and connected to power grid.
DC current is input by high-performance isolated amplifier. Via switching two different electronic
switches, PCS-985 solves four different ground-loop equations to compute rotor winding voltage,
rotor ground resistance and earthing position on real time and display these information on LCD.
Injecting a low-frequency square wave between positive terminal and negative terminal of rotor
windings or between one terminal of rotor windings and axis, the device acquires leakage current
of rotor, and calculates insulation resistance between rotor windings and ground in real-time. The
injected square wave voltage is generated by the device. The protection reflects the insulation
reduction between rotor windings and axis.
The calculation to rotor earth resistance is unrelated to fault location, and no dead zone.
The calculation accuracy of rotor earth resistance is high and is not affected by the capacitance
between rotor windings and ground.
The calculation to rotor earth resistance is unrelated to excitation voltage. It can still supervise
insulation situation of rotor windings when no excitation voltage is supplied.
It can be adaptive to various lead-out modes of rotor windings, and both single-end injection and
double-ends injection can be selected. The fault location can be measured if selecting
double-ends injection.
Loss-of-excitation protection
Out-of-step protection
Two groups of VT inputs are equipped at generator terminal. If one group fails, the device will
issue alarm and switch over to the healthy one automatically. It doesnt need to block protection
element relevant to voltage. Based on percentage restraint characteristic, it can discriminate that
neutral point of VT circuit fails.
Reliable blocking function when CT circuit failure can prevent the device from undesired operation
due to CT circuit failure or AC sampled circuit failure.
64 faults and operation sequence, 64 fault waveforms, results of 256 self-supervision reports, and
1024 binary signal change reports can be recorded.
Auxiliary PC software
2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
2 Technical Data................................................................................. 2-a
2.1 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1 AC Current Input .................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.7.6 Stator Earth-fault Protection with External Inject Principle .................................................. 2-8
Pollution degree 2
Altitude <3000m
Insulation resistance
Isolation resistance >100M@500VDC
measurements
2.6 Certifications
ISO9001:2008
ISO14001:2004
OHSAS18001:2007
ISO10012:2003
CMMI L4
Note!
3 Operation Theory
Table of Contents
3 Operation Theory ............................................................................ 3-a
3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Fault Detector (FD) .......................................................................................... 3-1
3.2.1 Differential Protection of Generator ..................................................................................... 3-2
3.3.6 Differential Current Abnormality Alarm and CT Circuit Failure Blocking ............................. 3-9
3.4.5 Differential Current Abnormality Alarm and CT Circuit Failure Blocking ........................... 3-14
3.5.2 Differential Current Abnormality Alarm and CT Circuit Failure Blocking ........................... 3-17
List of Figures
Figure 3.1-1 Hardware structure ................................................................................................ 3-1
Figure 3.5-1 Operating characteristic of DPFC percentage differential protection ........... 3-17
Figure 3.5-2 Logic diagram of DPFC percentage differential protection ............................ 3-17
Figure 3.6-1 Logic diagram of high-setting stage transverse differential protection ........ 3-19
Figure 3.6-2 Logic diagram of sensitive stage transverse differential protection ............. 3-19
Figure 3.6-3 Logic diagram of longitudinal residual voltage protection ............................. 3-20
Figure 3.6-4 Logic diagram of calculated longitudinal residual voltage protection .......... 3-22
Figure 3.9-1 Circuit design of stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection ............ 3-32
Figure 3.9-2 Logic diagram of stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection ........... 3-34
Figure 3.10-2 Logic diagram of one-point earth fault protection ......................................... 3-35
Figure 3.10-3 Logic diagram of two-points earth fault protection ....................................... 3-36
Figure 3.11-1 Measuring scheme of voltage injection into the rotor winding at single-end
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-36
Figure 3.11-2 Measuring scheme of voltage injection into the rotor winding at double-ends
.............................................................................................................................................. 3-37
Figure 3.12-1 Logic diagram of definite-time stator overload protection ........................... 3-39
Figure 3.12-2 Operation curve of inverse-time stator overload protection ........................ 3-39
Figure 3.12-3 Logic diagram of inverse-time stator overload protection ........................... 3-40
Figure 3.13-1 Logic diagram of definite-time negative-sequence overload protection .... 3-41
Figure 3.14-1 Operation characteristic of steady-state stabilization impedance circle .... 3-43
Figure 3.18-2 Logic diagram of sequence tripping reverse power protection ................... 3-52
Figure 3.20-1 Logic diagram of inadvertent energization protection (standard version) . 3-55
Figure 3.20-2 Logic diagram of inadvertent energization protection (special version) .... 3-56
Figure 3.21-1 Logic diagram of generator startup and shutdown protection .................... 3-57
Figure 3.22-1 Logic diagram of definite time excitation winding overload protection ...... 3-57
Figure 3.22-3 Logic diagram of inverse-time excitation winding overload protection ...... 3-59
Figure 3.23-1 Logic diagram of excitation transformer or exciter overcurrent protection 3-59
3.1 Overview
The device has 2 plug-in modules (i.e. protection DSP module and fault detector DSP module),
and the logic relation between them is AND. They have independent sample circuit and output
circuit. AC current and voltage is converted into small voltage signal and sent to protection
calculation module (also called DSP module 1) and fault detector calculation module (also called
DSP module 2) respectively. Protection DSP module is responsible for protection calculation and
fault detector DSP module is responsible for fault detector. Fault detectors on fault detector DSP
module picks up to connect positive pole of power supply of output relays. Real-time data
exchange between protection DSP module and fault detector DSP module is performed. Based on
strict mutual check and self-check, any of them fails will lead to block the device and issue alarm
signal. The device will not mal-operate due to hardware error.
AC Opto-
Signal LPF A/D DSP coupler
External BI
QDJ
+E
LPF A/D DSP
When the fundamental variation of differential current is greater than the threshold value, the fault
detector element of generator differential protection [FD_Diff_Gen] and [St2_DiffProt_Gen] will
operate.
When the longitudinal residual voltage is greater than the setting [V_SensROV_Longl_Gen], the
fault detector element of longitudinal residual voltage protection [FD_IntTurn_Gen] and
[St_ROV_Longl_Gen] will operate.
When the fundamental variation of negative-sequence voltage, current and power are greater than
their threshold values, the fault detector element of DPFC inter-turn protection [FD_IntTurn_Gen]
and [St_DPFC_IntTurn_Gen] will operate.
When the calculated longitudinal residual voltage is greater than the setting
[V_SensROV_Longl_Gen], the fault detector element of longitudinal residual voltage protection
[FD_IntTurn_Gen] and [St_ROV_Longl2_Gen] will operate.
When third harmonic voltage ratio is greater than the setting [k_V3rdHRatio_PreSync_Sta] or
[k_V3rdHRatio_PostSync_Sta], the fault detector element of third harmonic voltage ratio
protection [FD_StaEF_Gen] and [St_V3rdHRatio_Sta] will operate.
When earthing current of stator without being subjected to digital filter is greater than the current
setting [I_ROC_Inj_EF_Sta], the fault detector element [FD_InjStaEF_Gen] and [St_InjI0_Sta] will
operate.
When the change of rotor grounding location is greater than its internally fixed setting, the fault
detector element of rotor two-points earth-fault protection will [FD_EF_RotWdg] and
[St_2PEF_RotWdg] operate.
When the inverse time accumulated value is greater than the setting [I_InvOvLd_Sta], the fault
detector element of inverse-time overload protection [FD_StaOvLd_Gen] and [St_InvOvLd_Sta]
will operate.
When the inverse time accumulated value is greater than the setting [I_InvNegOC_Gen], the fault
detector element of inverse-time negative-sequence overload protection [FD_NegOC_Gen] and
[St_InvNegOC_Sta] will operate.
When maximum value of three phase-to-phase voltage is greater than the setting [V_OVn_Gen],
the fault detector element of overvoltage protection [FD_VoltProt_Gen] and [St_OVn_Gen] will
operate (n can be 1 or 2).
When maximum value of three phase-to-phase voltage is greater than the setting [V_UV_Gen],
the fault detector element of overvoltage protection [FD_VoltProt_Gen] and [St_UV_Gen] will
operate.
When the accumulated value is greater than the setting [k0_InvOvExc_Gen], the fault detector
element of inverse-time over-excitation protection [FD_OvExc_Gen] and [St_OvExc2_Gen] will
operate.
When reverse power is greater than setting [P_SeqTrpRevP_Gen], the fault detector of reverse
power protection [FD_PwrProt_Gen] and [St_SeqTrpRevP_Gen] will operate.
When power is lower than setting [P_UP_Gen] and the binary input [BI_NotUrgBrake] is energized,
the fault detector of low power protection [FD_PwrProt_Gen] and [St_UP_Gen] will operate.
When the frequency is greater than the setting value for a specified time interval, the fault detector
element of over-frequency protection [FD_Freq_Gen] and [St_OFx_Gen] (x can be 1 or 2) will
operate.
When the residual voltage of generator is greater than the setting [V_StaROV_StShut_Gen], the
fault detector element of generator startup/shutdown protection [FD_StShut_Gen] and
[St_StaROV_StShut_Gen] will operate.
When the low-frequency current of generator neutral point is greater than the setting
[I_OC_StShut_Gen], the fault detector element of generator startup/shutdown protection
[FD_StShut_Gen] and [St_OC_StShut_Gen] will operate.
When the maximum value of three phase currents is greater than the setting [I_OCn_Exc] (n can
be 1 or 2), the fault detector element of overcurrent protection [FD_Bak_Exc] and [St_OCn_Exc]
will operate.
Note!
These setting values of above fault detector elements are formed automatically by the
device, it needs not to set manually.
I d K bl I r I cdqd ( I r nIe )
K bl K bl1 K blr ( I r / I e )
I d K bl 2 ( I r nI e ) b I cdqd ( I r nI e )
I1 I 2
I r
2
I I 1 I 2
d
Id
io e
ro ce of
ct ag
differential protection
l p er a
n
te nt
ia p re
.0
nt te a
Kbl2
=1
re ta ion
K
ffe y s at
di d er
ea p
st O
1.2Ie
Kbl1
Icdqd
Ir
0 Ie nIe
Where:
Id is differential current.
Ir is restraint current.
Ie is rated current.
Kbl1 is the first slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.05~0.15. 0.10 is applicable
usually.
Kbl2 is the second slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.50~0.80. 0.70 is applicable
usually.
Steady-state percentage differential protection element will not send tripping signal in case of CT
saturation, CT circuit failure (optional), inrush current and overexcitation condition. It can ensure
sensitivity of protection and avoid unwanted operation when CT is saturated during external fault.
Its operation area is tint shadow area.
High-setting percentage differential protection element (described in section 3.3.4) will not send
tripping signal only due to CT circuit failure (optional) and inrush current. It eliminates influence of
transient and steady saturation of CT during external fault and ensures reliable operation even if
CT is in saturation condition during internal fault by means of its percentage restraint characteristic.
Its operation area is deep shadow area.
Unrestrained instantaneous differential protection element (described in section 3.3.5) will send
tripping signal without any blocking if differential current of any phase reaches its setting. Its
operation area is over the above two areas with no shadow.
In the device, the second harmonic of differential current can be used to distinguish inrush current.
Its operation criterion is:
I 2 nd K 2 xb I1st
Where:
During internal fault, differential currents of various sides transferred by CT are basically
fundamental sinusoidal wave. But when the transformer is energized, lots of harmonics occur. The
waveform is intermittent and unsymmetrical. A special algorithm can be used for discrimination of
the inrush current.
S kb*S
S St
Where:
S+ is full cycle integral of the sum of instantaneous value of differential current and that of half
cycle before.
Kb is a fixed constant.
St * I d 0.1* I e
Where:
is a proportional constant.
If any of three phases can not meet above equation, the differential current can be considered as
inrush current and percentage differential protection will be blocked.
In this device, logic setting is provided for user to select the restraint blocking principle. If the logic
setting is set as 0, discrimination by harmonics is enabled. Otherwise, discrimination by
waveform distortion is enabled.
I cop K nxb I1
Where:
For an internal fault, DPFC restraint current and DPFC differential current appear simultaneously.
If DPFC restraint current appears before DPFC differential current, it maybe an external fault. CT
saturation detection element shall be adopted in this case. It can prevent percentage differential
protection from undesired operation due to CT saturation.
I d 1.2 I e
I d 1.0 I r
Where:
Id
Operation area
K=1.0
1.2Ie
Ir
0
When fault occurs, the operation criterion will be discriminated phase by phase and percentage
differential protection will operate if the criterion is met.
Note!
Parameters of this protection have been fixed in program and do not need to be configured
by user.
I 5th k5 xb * I1st
Where:
Note!
SIG Flg_UIDP_EXC
BI [EBI_Diff_Exc] &
&
EN [En_Diff_Exc]
Op_InstDiff_Exc
EN [En_InstDiff_Exc]
SIG [FD_Diff_Exc]
SET [TrpLog_Diff_Exc].Bit0
SIG Flg_Inrush_Exc
SIG Flg_HSDP_Exc
EN [En_PcntDiff_Exc]
1
SIG [Alm_CTS_Diff_Exc]
SET [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Exc]
&
SIG [FD_Diff_Exc]
SET [TrpLog_Diff_Exc].Bit0
BI [EBI_Diff_Exc] &
EN [En_Diff_Exc]
EN [En_PcntDiff_Exc]
1
SIG [Alm_CTS_Diff_Exc]
SIG Flg_OvExc_Exc
SIG [FD_Diff_Exc]
Where:
Flg_UIDP_Exc is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of UIDP element is met.
Flg_HSDP_Exc is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of HSDP element is met.
Flg_SPDP_Exc is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of SPDP element is met.
Flg_Inrush is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of inrush current detection is met.
Id
Icdsd
Kbl2
Operation area
Restraint area
Kbl1
Icdqd
Ir
0
Ie nIe
I d K bl I r I cdqd ( I r nI e )
K bl K bl1 K blr ( I r / I e )
I d K bl 2 ( I r nI e ) b I cdqd ( I r nI e )
I 1 I2
Ir
2
I d I 1 I 2
Where:
I d is differential current.
I r is restraint current.
K bl1 is the first slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.05~0.15. 0.05 is
recommended usually.
K bl 2 is the second slope of percentage differential with setting range 0.30~0.70. 0.50 is
recommended usually.
n is the multiple of restraint current at second percentage restraint coefficient and is fixed at 4.
For differential protection of generator and exciter, I1 and I 2 are currents of terminal and neutral
point respectively.
When fault occurs, the equipment decides firstly whether it is internal or external fault. If it is
external fault, criterion of CT saturation is enabled. If any phase differential current of differential
protection meets the criterion, it is decided that this differential current comes from CT saturation
and the percentage differential protection will be blocked.
I d 1.2 I e
I d 1.0 I r
Where:
Differential current I d and restraint current I r are the same as mentioned above.
When fault occurs, the operation criterion will be discriminated phase by phase and percentage
differential protection will operate if the criterion is met.
Parameters of this protection are configured during manufacturing and not need to be configured
in site.
SIG Flg_UIDP_Gen
BI [EBI_Diff_Gen] &
EN [En_Diff_Gen]
&
EN [En_InstDiff_Gen] Op_InstDiff_Gen
SIG [FD_Diff_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_Diff_Gen].Bit0
SIG Flg_HSDP_Gen
BI [EBI_Diff_Gen] &
EN [En_Diff_Gen] &
EN [En_PcntDiff_Gen]
SIG [Alm_CTS_Diff_Gen] 1
SET [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff__Gen]
&
SIG [FD_Diff_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_Diff_Gen].Bit0
SIG Flg_CTsat 1
Op_PcntDiff_Gen
SIG Flg_SPDP_Gen
EN [En_PcntDiff_Gen]
SIG [Alm_CTS_Diff_Gen] 1
SET [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff__Gen]
SIG [FD_Diff_Gen]
Where:
Flg_UIDP_Gen is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of UIDP element is met.
Flg_HSDP _Gen is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of HSDP element is met.
Flg_SPDP_Gen is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of SPDP element is met.
due to influence of load current. DPFC percentage differential protection of generator is equipped
with the device for that and it can significantly improve sensitivity of the protection during small
current internal fault of generator.
I d 1.25I dt I dth
I d 0.6I r I r 2 I e
I d 0.75I r 0.3I e I r 2 I e Equation 3.5-1
I I1 I 2
r
I I1 I2
d
Where:
I dt is floating threshold which increases progressively along with DPFC increasing. Take its
multiple as 1.25 can ensure threshold voltage always a bit higher than imbalance current. So that
unwanted operation of the equipment can be avoided during power swing and frequency deviation
conditions.
I1 and I 2 are currents at the generator terminal and the neutral point of generator
respectively.
I r is DPFC restraint current whose maximum value is taken for actual restraint.
Note!
DPFC differential protection is equipped to each phase of generator, but the user should
know that DPFC restraint quantity for each phase is the same maximum value among the
three phases.
The following figure shows operating characteristic of DPFC percentage differential protection.
Id
Differential current
0.75
0.6
Icdqd
Ir
2Ie Restraint current
When fault occurs, the operation criterion will be discriminated phase by phase and percentage
differential protection will operate if the criterion is met. This protection element has high ability to
eliminate the effect of transient and steady-state CT saturation during the external fault because
the restraint coefficient is set at a higher value.
SIG Flg_CTsat
SIG Flg_DPFC_Diff_Gen
EN [En_DPFC_Diff_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_Diff_Gen].Bit0
&
Op_DPFC_Diff_Gen
SIG [Alm_CTS_Diff_Gen] 1
SET [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_Gen]
SIG [FD_Diff_Gen]
Where:
Flg_DPFC_Diff_Gen is the flag indicating whether or not the criterion of DPFC differential element
is met.
The corresponding parameters of DPFC differential protection is are fixed and need not to be set
on site.
Since this protection adopts frequency tracing, digital filtering and full cycle Fourier algorithm, the
third harmonic can be reduced to 1/100 within the frequency tracing range and the protection can
response the fundamental component only.
This protection comprises two stages: high-setting stage (insensitive stage) and sensitive stage.
This stage is equivalent to traditional transverse differential protection. When the transverse
differential current is in excess of the setting [I_InsensTrvDiff_Gen], high-setting stage of
transverse differential protection operates.
Phase current percentage restraint principle is used for this stage. The operation criterion is
Where:
Phase current percentage restraint transverse differential principle can ensure no unwanted
operation during external fault and sensitive operation during internal fault. As this principle is
adopted, current setting of the transverse differential protection shall be only higher than
unbalance current during normal operation and much less than that of traditional transverse
differential current protection. Sensitivity for inter-turn fault of generator can be enhanced then.
This protection has also a floating threshold for high transverse differential unbalance current
during other normal operation conditions.
Operation of the high sensitive transverse differential protection will lead a tripping immediately.
When rotor of generator is grounded at one point, a configurable time delay [t_TrvDiff_Gen] will be
inserted in the tripping course. Figure 3.6-1 shows logic diagram of this protection.
SIG Flg_InsensTrvDiff_Gen
EN [En_InsensTrvDiff_Gen] &
EN [En_IntTurn_Gen] &
Op_InsensTrvDiff_Gen
BI [EBI_IntTurn_Gen]
SIG [FD_IntTurn_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_IntTurn_Gen].Bit0
SIG Alm_1PEF_RotWdg 1
BI [BI_1PEF_RotWdg] &
[t_TrvDiff_Gen] 0s 1
SIG Flg_SensTrvDiff_Gen
EN [En_SensTrvDiff_Gen] &
&
EN [En_IntTurn_Gen] &
Op_SensTrvDiff_Gen
BI [EBI_IntTurn_Gen]
SIG [FD_IntTurn_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_IntTurn_Gen].Bit0
Where:
Since this protection adopts frequency tracing, digital filtering and full cycle Fourier algorithm, the
third harmonic can be reduced to 1/100 within the frequency tracing range and the protection can
response the basic wave component only.
Setting of this protection shall be higher than maximum unbalance voltage during external fault,
whilst directional flag indicating internal fault must be satisfied. When measured longitudinal
residual voltage is in excess of the setting [V_SensROV_Longl_Gen] and lasts for longer than the
delay setting [t_ROV_Longl_Gen], this protective element will trip breakers according to the
configuration of [TrpLog_IntTurn_Gen].
SIG Flg_Dir_NegP
&
SIG Flg_LonglROV_Gen
SIG Flag_VTS2
EN [En_SensROV_Longl_Gen]
&
EN [En_IntTurn_Gen]
BI [EBI_IntTurn_Gen]
&
SIG [FD_IntTurn_Gen] [t_ROV_Longl_Gen] Op_SensIntTurn_Gen
SET [TrpLog_IntTurn_Gen].Bit0
Where:
Flg_Dir_NegP is internally generated flag indicating whether or not the direction element
calculated from negative-sequence voltage and current is met the faulty condition.
Flg_LonglROV_Gen is internally generated flag indicating whether or not the longitudinal residual
overvoltage protection operates.
Criterion 1:
Criterion 2:
Where:
That any one of these three sub-criteria is met means criterion 2 picks up.
When any of criterion 1 and criterion 2 operates, alarm of VT2 circuit failure will be issued with a
time delay of 40ms and longitudinal residual voltage protection will be blocked.
After VT2 circuit failure reverting to normal condition, blocking can be released by pressing the
reset button.
FRe U 2 I 2 e j 1.25 dF
U 2 0.5V 1.25du
I 2 0.02In 1.25di
If the three criterions are met simultaneity, the directional flag of protection is set. Under
negative-sequence voltage and negative-sequence current controlling, the protection operates
after 0.2~0.5s time delay.
AC current and voltage input of DPFC inter-turn protection are from the generator terminal directly.
When the VT1 at the generator terminal fails, DPFC inter-turn protection is blocked. The setting is
default setting. The sensitivity is about 3V of longitudinal residual voltage.
DPFC inter-turn protection cannot response to inter-turn fault before the generator is connected
into the power system.
protection is composed of residual voltage of generator terminal VT1 and neutral point, the
protection is configured for inter-turn fault of stator winding of generator.
U z0 U f 0 K tz U n 0 U z 0 zd
Where:
After the generator is connected into the power system, calculated longitudinal residual voltage
protection will be controlled by DPFC negative-sequence power direction element, the voltage
setting for this protection should be greater than the maximum unbalance voltage during normal
operation.
Calculated longitudinal residual voltage protection share the voltage setting and time delay setting
with longitudinal residual voltage protection, it can operate to issue alarm signal or trip with a short
time delay (0.1s~0.2s.)
EN [En_Alm_ROV2_Longl_Gen]
EN [En_IntTurn_Gen] &
& [t_ROV_Longl_Gen] Alm_IntTurn2_Gen
SIG Flg_ROV2_Longl_Gen
SIG Flag_VTS1
SIG Flg_Dir_NegP
&
EN [En_Trp_ROV2_Longl_Gen]
BI [EBI_IntTurn_Gen]
&
SIG [FD_IntTurn_Gen] [t_ROV_Longl_Gen] Op_SensIntTurn2_Gen
SET [TrpLog_IntTurn_Gen].Bit0
Where:
Flg_Dir_NegP is internally generated flag indicating whether or not the direction element
calculated from negative-sequence voltage and current is met the faulty condition.
Flg_Gen_UnConnect is the internal generated flag indicating the generator is not connected into
the power system.
Criterion 1:
Criterion 2:
Where:
When any of criterion 1 and criterion 2 operates, alarm of VT1 circuit failure will be issued with a
time delay of 40ms and calculated longitudinal residual voltage protection will be blocked.
After VT1 circuit failure reverting to normal condition, blocking can be released by pressing the
reset button.
relevant logic setting, stage 1 and stage 2 of overcurrent protection can be configured to be
controlled by composite voltage element respectively.
For generators with self shunt excitation, current will decrease so quickly during fault that it may be
lower than overcurrent setting before tripping. So memorized function for remember fault current is
equipped with this protection. Logic setting [En_Mem_Curr_Gen] is used for configuration of this
function.
Note!
Overcurrent protection can be blocked not only by composite voltage at generator terminal but
also by composite voltage at HV side of main transformer. This function can be configured by
setting logic setting [En_HVS.VCE_Ctrl_OC_Gen] as 1.
&
SET [Opt_VTS_Ctrl_OC_Gen]
&
1
EN [En_Mem_Curr_Gen] &
SIG Flg_OCn_Gen
SIG Flg_VCE_Gen 1
EN [En_VCE_Ctrl_OCn_Gen]
EN [En_PPF_Gen]
& &
SET [TrpLog_OCn_Gen].Bint0 [t_OCn_Gen] 0s Op_OCn_Gen
BI [EBI_PPF_Gen]
SIG [FD_PPF_Gen]
Where:
Flg_OCn_Gen is internally generated flag indicating stage n of overcurrent operates, which means
the measured current is in excess of its setting [I_OCn_Gen]..
n can be 1 or 2.
jX
I Zp
U I Zp
m
U
R
U I Zn
I Zn
Figure 3.7-2 shows operation characteristic of impedance protection. In this figure, I is phase
current, U is corresponding phase-to-phase voltage, Zn is reverse impedance setting, and Zp is
forward impedance setting.
Operation criterion:
(U I Z P )
90 Arg
270
(U I Z n )
DPFC phase-to-phase current and negative-current current are adopted as fault detector of
impedance protection. Pickup signal will be maintained 500ms and will be kept if impedance
protection operates during this time interval. Operation criterion of the fault detector is:
I 1.25I t I th
Where:
I t is floating threshold which increases gradually along with DPFC increasing. Take its multiple
as 1.25 can ensure threshold voltage always a bit higher than imbalance voltage.
Unwanted operation of the device can be avoided during conditions of power swing and frequency
deviation from nominal values.
I th is the fixed threshold. When DPFC phase-to-phase current is higher than 0.2Ie, the fault
detector operates.
BI [EBI_PPF_Gen]
&
SIG [FD_PPF_Gen] [t_Zn_Gen] 0s Op_Zn_Gen
SET [TrpLog_Zn_Gen].Bit0
Where:
n can be 1 or 2.
Note!
Note!
This protection comprises two stages: sensitive stage and insensitive stage (high setting stage).
Operation criterion:
U n0 U 0zd
Where:
When the sensitive stage operates to trip, in order to prevent sensitive stage of fundamental
residual overvoltage protection from undesired trip due to external fault, it can be blocked by
residual voltage at HV side of main transformer, and the blocking setting of residual voltage can
settable.
Operation criterion:
U n0 U 0hzd
Where:
Operation criterion:
U 3T / U 3N K 3wzd
Where:
U 3T and U 3N are third harmonic voltage of generator terminal and neutral point respectively.
During incorporation of generator to power system, the ratio U3T/U3N changes considerably owing
to variation of equivalent capacitive reactance at generator terminal. So two different settings are
designed for protection before and after connection of generator with system, and these two
settings can be switched over with alternation of contacts position of the terminal breaker.
In addition, settings are provided for deciding whether the ratio protection of third harmonics
Third harmonic voltage ratio protection can operates for alarm purpose or trip purpose.
U 3T K t U 3 N Kre U 3 N
Where:
U 3T and U 3 N are third harmonic vector voltage of generator terminal and neutral point
This protection is enabled automatically when the generator has been connected with the system
and load current is higher than 0.2 Ie (generator rated current) and only issues alarms if operates.
Third harmonic voltage differential protection operates only for alarm purpose.
Since broken-delta voltages of VT at neutral point and generator terminal are taken for residual
voltage protection of stator, failure of these VT circuits will make this protection fail to operation. So
alarm shall be issued during this case. Third harmonic voltage ratio criterion and third harmonic
voltage differential criterion shall be disabled during VT circuit failure at neutral point of generator.
Positive-sequence voltage of secondary winding of generator terminal is higher than 0.9Un and
third harmonic of residual voltage is lower than 0.1V.
VT circuit failure alarm will be issued by delay 10s and reverted automatically by delay 10s when
the failure vanishes.
If residual voltage of generator terminal is from calculated residual voltage, broken-delta circuit
failure of VT1 at generator terminal is not discriminated.
The alarm function of broken-delta VT circuit failure of generator terminal and neutral point of
generator can be enabled or disabled by logic setting [En_Alm_DeltVTS1_Gen].
Secondary circuit failure of VT1 of generator terminal will not influence ground protection of stator.
Primary circuit failure of VT1 of generator terminal will cause basic wave component of residual
voltage of generator terminal increasing and third harmonic component decreasing, and will not
cause unwanted operation of basic wave residual voltage protection and third harmonic voltage
ratio protection. However, it will cause unwanted operation of third harmonic voltage differential
protection, so this protection shall be blocked during this failure. The operation criterion is:
When these criterions are met, VT1 primary circuit failure alarm will be sent by short delay and
third harmonic voltage differential protection and third harmonic voltage ratio protection will be
blocked.
If residual voltage of generator terminal is from calculated residual voltage, primary circuit failure of
VT1 is not discriminated.
EN [En_EF_Sta]
EN [En_Alm_ROV_Sta] &
[t_ROV_Sta] 0s Alm_ROV_Sta
SIG Flg_SensROV_Sta
SIG Flg_SensROV_Sta
&
SIG Flg_Blk_SensROV_Sta
EN [En_Trp_ROV_Sta]
&
EN [En_EF_Sta]
BI [EBI_ROV_Sta]
&
SIG [FD_StaEF_Gen] [t_ROV_Sta] 0s Op_SensROV_Sta
SET [TrpLog_EF_Sta].Bint0
EN [En_Trp_InsensROV_Sta]
&
EN [En_EF_Sta]
BI [EBI_ROV_Sta]
&
SIG [FD_StaEF_Gen] [t_InsensROV_Sta] 0s Op_InsensROV_Sta
SET [TrpLog_EF_Sta].Bint0
EN [En_Alm_V3rdHRatio_Sta] &
[t_V3rdH_Sta] 0s Alm_V3rdHRatio_Sta
SIG Flg_VTS
&
SIG Flg_V3rdHRatio_Sta
EN [En_EF_Sta]
&
EN [En_Trp_V3rdHRatio_Sta]
BI [EBI_V3rdH_Sta]
&
SIG [FD_StaEF_Gen] [t_V3rdH_Sta] 0s Op_V3rdHRatio_Sta
SET [TrpLog_EF_Sta].Bit0
EN [En_Alm_V3rdHDiff_Sta] &
[t_V3rdH_Sta] 0s Alm_V3rdHDiff_Sta
SIG Flg_VTS
&
BI [EBI_V3rdH_Sta]
SIG Flg_V3rdHDiff_Sta
EN [En_EF_Sta]
Where:
settable value and there have broken-delta residual voltage for generator terminal.
Residual voltage at HV side of main transformer, and the blocking setting of residual voltage can
settable.
When the sensitive stage operates to trip, it will be blocked by broken-delta residual voltage of
generator terminal, and the blocking setting need not be set.
Flg_V3rdHRatio_Sta is internally generated flag indicating third harmonic voltage ratio protection
operates.
Band-Pass Filter
B10
Load
Resistor
Voltage
Rn Divider Square-wave
power supply
A2
Inter-CT
Figure 3.9-1 Circuit design of stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection
An external low-frequency alternating voltage source injects into neutral point of the generator via
secondary side of earthing transformer, or injects into secondary side of broken-delta VT at the
generator terminal.
According to the earthing resistance of stator windings, PCS-985G provides two stages for alarm
purpose with high setting and for trip purpose with low setting respectively. The operation
criterions are:
RE REsetL
(for trip purpose)
RE REsetH
(for alarm purpose)
Where:
I G 0 I Eset
Where:
When U LF 0 ( U G 0 is low-frequency voltage after Un0 is digital filtered) is smaller than the setting
value or I LF 0 ( I G 0 is low-frequency current after In0 is digital filtered) is smaller than the setting
value, it means that external injection circuit for stator earth-fault protection is abnormal. The
device will be blocked and issue an alarm signal.
U LF 0 U LF 0 set
I LF 0 I LF 0 set
Where:
EN [En_Inj_EF_Sta]
SET RE<[R_Trp_Inj_EF_Sta]
&
EN [En_Trp_R_Inj_EF_Sta]
[t_Trp_Inj_EF_Sta] 0s Op_InjEF_Sta
BI [EBI_V3rdH_Sta]
&
SIG [FD_InjStaEF_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_Inj_EF_Sta].Bit0
EN [En_Trp_I0_Sta]
EN [En_Inj_EF_Sta] &
& [t_Trp_Inj_EF_Sta] 0s Op_InjI0_Sta
BI [EBI_V3rdH_Sta]
SIG [FD_InjStaEF_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_Inj_EF_Sta].Bit0
Figure 3.9-2 Logic diagram of stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection
calculation.
There are two stages equipped for one-point earth protection: sensitive stage and regular stage.
Sensitive stage is used for alarm and regular stage for tripping or alarm.
U
+ aU -
rotor
R Rg R
R S1 S2 R
SET Rg<[R_Sens1PEF_RotWdg]
&
EN [En_EF_RotWdg] [t_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg] 0s Alm_Sens1PEF_RotWdg
EN [En_Alm_Sens1PEF_RotWdg]
EN [En_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg] &
[t_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg] 0s Alm_1PEF_RotWdg
SET Rg<[R_1PEF_RotWdg] &
EN [En_EF_RotWdg]
&
EN [En_Trp_1PEF_RotWdg]
BI [EBI_EF_RotWdg]
&
SIG [FD_EF_RotWdg] [t_Trp_1PEF_RotWdg] 0s Op_1PEF_RotWdg
SET [TrpLog_EF_RotWdg].Bit0
SIG Alm_1PEF_RotWdg t 0s
&
SIG Flg_2PEF_RotWdg &
EN [En_EF_RotWdg]
SIG Flg_V2ndH_VCE_2PEF_RotWdg 1
&
[t_2PEF_RotWdg] 0s Op_2PEF_RotWdg
EN [En_VCE_2PEF_RotWdg]
EN [En_2PEF_RotWdg]
&
BI [EBI_EF_RotWdg]
SIG [FD_EF_RotWdg]
SET [TrpLog_EF_RotWdg].Bit0
Where:
Flg_2PEF_RotWdg is the flag indicating whether or not two-point earth-fault protection meet its
criterion.
The work circuit of voltage injection into the rotor winding at double-ends and single-end is shown
in Figure 3.11-1 and Figure 3.11-2 respectively.
Ur+
Usq
Rg
Rotor Axis
Ig Rx
U
Ur-
Ry
Figure 3.11-1 Measuring scheme of voltage injection into the rotor winding at single-end
Ry
Ur+
Usq
Rg
Rotor Axis
Rx Ig
U
Ur-
Ry
Figure 3.11-2 Measuring scheme of voltage injection into the rotor winding at double-ends
Where:
Rotor one-point earth fault protection provides two stages: one stage is sensitive stage used to
issue alarm signal, and the other stage, regular stage, can operate to issue alarm signal or trip.
SET Rg<[R_Sens1PEF_RotWdg]
&
EN [En_EF_RotWdg] [t_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg] 0s Alm_Sens1PEF_RotWdg
EN [En_Alm_Sens1PEF_RotWdg]
EN [En_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg ] &
[t_Alm_1PEF_RotWdg] 0s Alm_1PEF_RotWdg
SET Rg<[R_1PEF_RotWdg] &
EN [En_EF_RotWdg]
&
EN [En_Trp_1PEF_RotWdg]
BI [EBI_EF_RotWdg]
&
SIG [FD_EF_RotWdg] [t_Trp_1PEF_RotWdg] 0s Op_1PEF_RotWdg
SET [TrpLog_EF_RotWdg].Bit0
with voltage injection can measure the one-point earthing location, and then implement two-point
earth fault protection according to the variation of the earthing location.
If rotor one-point earth fault protection is used to issue alarm signal only, it is optional whether rotor
two-points earth fault protection is put into service or not. If it is selected to be in service, rotor
two-point earth fault protection will be enabled automatically with a time delay after regular stage
of rotor one-point earth fault protection operating to issue alarm signal. After that, if the location of
earthing point varies and the variation reaches its internal threshold value, the protective device
thinks it as two-point earth fault and rotor two-points earth fault protection will operate to trip.
SIG Alm_1PEF_RotWdg t 0s
&
SIG Flg_2PEF_RotWdg &
[t_2PEF_RotWdg] 0s Op_2PEF_RotWdg
EN [En_EF_RotWdg]
EN [En_2PEF_RotWdg]
&
BI [EBI_EF_RotWdg]
SIG [FD_EF_RotWdg]
SET [TrpLog_EF_RotWdg].Bit0
Note!
The device only can enable any of rotor earth-fault protection with ping-pang type and rotor
earth-fault protection with voltage injection, the other is reserved.
EN [En_OvLd_Sta]
&
BI [EBI_OvLd_Sta] [t_OvLd_Sta] 0s Op_OvLd_Sta
SIG [FD_StaOvLd_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_OvLd_Sta].Bit0
The upper-limit definite-time part has minimum operating time. When stator current reaches its low
setting (Iszd), inverse-time part initiates and the heat is accumulated. When the accumulated
value is greater than the setting, inverse-time stator overload protection operates to trip.
Inverse-time part can simulate generator-heating process including heat accumulation and
dissipation. When the stator current is lower than rated value, the heat accumulation will decrease
accordingly.
I
Ih
Iszd
t min t max
Where:
[( I I ezd K srzd ] t KS zd
2 2
Where:
EN [En_OvLd_Sta] [tmin_InvOvLd_Sta] 0s
&
BI [EBI_OvLd_Sta] Op_InvOvLd_Sta
SIG [FD_StaOvLd_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_InvOvLd_Sta].Bit0
Note !
In order to prevent heat accumulation from not being dissipated, the dissipation coefficient
(the setting [K_Disspt_Sta])should be set as 1.02~1.05.
EN [En_NegOC_Gen] &
[t_Alm_NegOC_Gen] 0s Alm_NegOC_Gen
SET I2>[I_Alm_NegOC_Gen]
EN [En_NegOC_Gen]
&
SET [TrpLog_NegOC_Gen].Bit0 [t_NegOC_Gen] 0s Op_NegOC_Gen
BI [EBI_NegOC_Gen]
SIG [FD_NegOC_Gen]
The upper-limit definite-time part has minimum operating time. When negative-sequence current
reaches its low setting [I_InvNegOC_Gen], inverse-time part initiates and the heat is accumulated.
When the accumulated value is greater than the setting, inverse-time negative-sequence overload
protection operates to trip.
Inverse-time part can simulate generator-heating process including heat accumulation and
dissipation. When the stator current is lower than permissive continuous negative-sequence
current [I_Neg_Perm_Gen], the heat accumulation will decrease accordingly.
I2zd
t min t max
[( I 2 I ezd I 21 ] t A
2 2
Equation 3.13-1
Where:
Inverse-time negative-sequence overload protection can be set to trip to separation and field
suppression or alarm. Figure 3.13-3 shows its logic diagram.
t>[tmax_InvNegOC_Gen]
SET I2>[I_InvNegOC_Gen] & 1
IDMT &
EN [En_NegOC_Gen]
[tmin_InvNegOC_Gen] 0s
SIG [FD_NegOC_Gen]
Note!
The long time delay of lower limit should be smaller than the calculated operating time
using lower-limit pickup current according to Equation 3.13-1.
U pp U lezd
Where:
When bus voltage is taken as the criterion, if bus VT circuit fails, the protection will be blocked.
When generator terminal voltage is taken as the criterion, if one group of VT circuit fails, the other
group of VT will be switched over automatically.
Z jX B
270 Arg 90
Z jX A
Where:
XA: can be set as the system impedance Xs for steady-state stabilization limit circle and XA= 0.5
X'd for asynchronous impedance circle
XB: is taken as Xd+0.5 X'd for non-salient pole generator and 0.5(XdXq)+0.5 X'd for salient pole
generator
The impedance criterion can be combined with reverse reactive power criterion, i.e.,
Q<[Q_RevQ_LossExc_Gen].
Using the same current and voltage to calculate inactive power and reverse power.
Figure 3.14-1 and Figure 3.14-2 show operation characteristics of steady-state stabilization
impedance circle and asynchronous impedance circle.
jx
Z1
R
-Qzd
Z2
The hatched area is operating area, and the dotted line is operation limit of reverse reactive power.
jx
Z1
R
-Qzd
Z2
Besides operation criterion mentioned above, there are also auxiliary operation criterion, namely:
Where:
Ur is rotor voltage
Where:
Xs is equivalent reactance on system side connected with the generator (per unit value)
If Ur drops to zero or minus value suddenly during loss of excitation, the rotor under voltage
criterion will be met quickly before steady-state stability limit of the generator reaches. If Ur drops
to zero or reduces to a value gradually during loss of excitation, the variable excitation voltage
criterion will be reached. Excitation undervoltage or loss of excitation will cause out-of-step, and
then excitation voltage and output power of the generator will swing seriously. In this case, the
rotor under voltage criterion and the variable excitation voltage criterion will be met and withdrawn
periodically in general. So the excitation voltage element will revert with delay during out-of-step
condition while the impedance entering the steady state stability limit circle.
EN [En_RotUV_LossExc1_Gen]
&
SIG Flg_Z_LossExc1_Gen & & [t_LossExc1_Gen] 0s Op_LossExc1_Gen
EN [En_Z_LossExc1_Gen]
& 1
SET Q>[Q_RevQ_LossExc_Gen] &
EN [En_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
EN [En_LossExc_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_LossExc_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_LossExc1_Gen].Bit0
SIG [FD_LossExc_Gen]
Figure 3.14-4 shows logic diagram of stage 2 of loss-of-excitation protection. If excitation is lost
and voltage at generator terminal is lower than its setting, this stage will trip with a time delay. In
configuring this stage, considering of security, it is strongly recommended that impedance criterion
should be used as well as undervoltage criterion rather than that only undervoltage (busbar or
generator terminal) criterion and rotor undervoltage criterion are used.
SET Ur<[V_RotUV_LossExc_Gen] 1
&
SET Ur<KrelXdzPUf0 1 &
[t_LossExc2_Gen] 0s Op_LossExc2_Gen
EN [En_RotUV_LossExc2_Gen]
Flg_Z_LossExc2_Gen
&
SIG &
EN [En_Z_LossExc2_Gen]
& 1
SET Q>[Q_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
EN [En_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
EN [En_LossExc_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_LossExc_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_LossExc2_Gen].Bit0
SIG [FD_LossExc_Gen]
Figure 3.14-5 shows logic diagram of stage 3 of loss-of-excitation protection. It is also used to trip
with a long time delay.
EN [En_Alm_LossExc3_Gen]
SET Ur<[V_RotUV_LossExc_Gen] 1
&
SET Ur<KrelXdzPUf0 1
&
[t_LossExc3_Gen] 0s Alm_LossExc_Gen
EN [En_RotUV_LossExc3_Gen]
Flg_Z_LossExc3_Gen
&
SIG
&
EN [En_Z_LossExc3_Gen]
EN [En_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
EN [En_LossExc_Gen]
&
& [t_LossExc3_Gen] 0s Op_LossExc3_Gen
BI [EBI_LossExc_Gen]
SIG [FD_LossExc_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_LossExc3_Gen].Bit0
and impedance locus can reflect any kinds of fault situation correctly.
Figure 3.15-1 shows operation characteristic of out-of-step protection that comprises three parts:
lens part, boundary part and reactance line part.
jx
Za
U
D
Zc
OL
IL 3
2
1 IR 1
OR
0 R
L R
Zb
1. Lens divides impedance plane into inside part I and outside part O
2. Boundary divides the impedance plane into left part L and right part R
3. Reactance line divides the impedance plane into upper part U and lower part D
Considering lens and boundary comprehensively, the impedance plane is divided into four areas:
OL, IL, IR and OR. If the locus of impedance is passing through these four areas in sequence from
right to left or vice versa, and staying in each area for a moment longer than the setting, this case
is considered as power swing. The times of passing through are accumulated and the grand total
is considered as the times of pole sliding. When the grand total reaches its setting value,
out-of-step protection operates.
As to reactance line, if the impedance locus passes through the upper part U, the swing center is
considered outside the generator. If the locus passes through the lower part D, the swing center is
considered within the generator. Settings of times of pole sliding can be configured separately for
these two cases.
Out-of-step protection can be used either for alarm only or tripping. Minimum swing period which
can be identified by this protection is 120 ms.
EN [En_Alm_X_OOS_Gen] &
Accumulated Times Alm_X_OOS_Gen
SIG Flg_Blk_OOS
&
SIG Flg_OOS_Gen
EN [En_OOS_Gen]
&
EN En_Trp_X_OOS_Gen
BI [EBI_OOS_Gen]
&
SIG [FD_OOS_Gen] Accumulated Times Op_X_OOS_Gen
SET [TrpLog_OOS_Gen].Bit0
Where:
EN [En_VoltProt_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_VoltProt_Gen] &
[t_OV1_Gen] 0s Op_OV1_Gen
SIG [FD_VoltProt_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_OV1_Gen].Bit0
EN [En_Alm_OV2_Gen] &
Alm_OV_Gen
SET Upp>[V_OV2_Gen] &
EN [En_VoltProt_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_VoltProt_Gen] &
[t_OV2_Gen] 0s Op_OV2_Gen
SIG [FD_VoltProt_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_OV2_Gen].Bit0
SIG Flg_Gen_UnConnect 1
EN [En_CB_BlkOV2_Gen]
Where:
Flg_Gen_UnConnect is the internal generated flag indicating the generator is not connected into
the power system.
EN [En_Alm_UV_Gen] &
Alm_UV_Gen
SET Upp<[V_UV_Gen] &
EN [En_VoltProt_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_VoltProt_Gen] &
[t_UV_Gen] 0s Op_UV_Gen
SIG [FD_VoltProt_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_UV_Gen].Bit0
For generator, over-excitation protection calculates the voltage from generator terminal to
discriminate whether it is over excitation.
n Upu / Fpu
Where:
Figure 3.17-1 shows logic diagram of definite time over excitation protection.
EN [En_OvExc_Gen] &
[t_Alm_OvExc_Gen] 0s Alm_OvExc_Gen
SET U/F>[k_Alm_OvExc_Gen]
EN [En_OvExc_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_OvExc_GTU] [t_OvExc1_Gen] 0s Op_OvExc_Gen
SIG [FD_OvExc_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_OvExc1_Gen].Bit0
U/F
n0
n1
n2
n3
n4
n5
n6
n7
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t(s) t7
The over excitation multiple settings n (= U/F) are within range of 1.0~1.5 in general. Maximum
time delay t is considered as long as 3000s. Relation between various settings of n and t are:
n0 n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7
SIG [FD_OvExc_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_InvOvExc_Gen].Bit0
Where:
n can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.
P<-[P_RevP_Gen]
Where:
P is the power calculated from three phase voltages and currents at generator terminal.
Two time delay are configured for reverse power protection, one for tripping and another for
alarming.
The setting range of reverse power setting is 0.5%~50%Pn. (Pn is rated active power of the
generator)
&
SET [TrpLog_RevP_Gen].Bit0 [t_Trp_RevP_Gen] 0s Op_RevP_Gen
BI [EBI_PwrProt_Gen]
SIG [FD_PwrProt_Gen]
Figure 3.18-2 shows logic diagram of sequence tripping reverse power protection.
BI [BI_52b_GCB] &
BI [BI_Valve_Turbine]
SET P-[P_SeqTrpRevP_Gen]
EN [En_PwrProt_Gen]
&
SET [TrpLog_SeqTrpRevP_Gen].Bit0 &
[t_SeqTrpRevP_Gen] Op_SeqTrpRevP_Gen
BI [EBI_PwrProt_Gen]
SIG [FD_PwrProt_Gen]
The setting range of low power protection is 0.5%~10% Pn. (Pn is rated active power of the
generator)
BI [EBI_PwrProt_Gen &
SET [TrpLog_UP_Gen].Bit0
&
t_UP_Gen 0 Op_UP_Gen
SIG [FD_PwrProt_Gen]
BI Flg_Gen_Connect
BI [BI_NotUrgBrake] 1
&
&
BI [BI_Valve_Turbine]
Alm_BO_UP_Gen
SET P<[P_UP_Gen]
EN [En_PwrProt_Gen]
EN [En_BO_UP_Gen]
Where:
Flg_Gen_Connect: internal flag indicating the generator is connected into the power system.
Three stages of underfrequency protection are equipped for PCS-985G. Stage 1 is usually
configured as accumulating frequency protection, and can be reset to zero only after erasing
reports. Stage 2 and stage 3 can be configured as continuous frequency protection.
EN [En_Alm_UFn_Gen]
BI [BI_52b_CB_HVS1(2)_Tr]
&
& t 0 Alm_UFn_Gen
SET f<[f_UFn_Gen]
EN [En_FreqProt_Gen]
&
SET [TrpLog_UF_Gen].Bit0
&
t 0 Op_UFn_Gen
BI [EBI_FreqProt_Gen]
EN [En_Trp_UFn_Gen]
SIG [FD_Freq_Gen]
Where:
n can be 1, 2, or 3.
EN [En_Alm_OFn_Gen]
&
SET f >[f_OFn_Gen] & t 0 Alm_OFn_Gen
EN [En_FreqProt_Gen]
&
SET [TrpLog_OF_Gen].Bit0
&
t 0 Op_OFn_Gen
BI [EBI_FreqProt_Gen]
EN [En_Trp_OFn_Gen]
SIG [FD_Freq_Gen]
Where:
n can be 1 or 2.
1. In the course of generators hand turning (low frequency condition), if it has not been excited,
breaker closure by accident may lead to asynchronous starting of the generator. The
protection is put into use automatically with time delay t1 when two groups of voltage derived
from two independent VTs are all less than undervoltage setting and exit with time delay t2
(designed to cooperate with low-frequency blocking criterion) when the two groups of voltage
revert to normal level.
2. In the case that generator breaker is closed by accident in excited condition but frequency is
under normal level which may occur in startup-and-shutdown process. The protection is put
into use automatically with time delay t3 while low-frequency criterion is met and returns with
time delay t4 after the frequency criteria releases. Here, t4 should be set as long as to ensure
the completion of tripping course.
3. In the case that generator breaker is closed by accident in excited condition but frequency is
greater than the setting which may occur in startup-and-shutdown process. The protection is
put into use with time delay t3 and returns with time delay t4, which can be enabled or
disabled by logic setting, and is also controlled by position contact of circuit breaker. Here, t3
should coordinate with open time of circuit breaker, and t4 should be set as long as to ensure
the completion of tripping course.
Considering security of the protection, both currents from generator terminal and neutral point are
used in the logic as criteria.
The logic setting [Opt_AccEnerg_Gen] is used to select the logic of inadvertent energization
protection,
0, standard version
1, special version
When [Opt_AccEnerg_Gen] =0, the logic diagram of inadvertent energization protection is shown
in Figure 3.20-1.
EN [En_CB_Ctrl_AccEnerg_Gen]
SIG Flg_OC_Term_Gen
& &
SIG Flg_OC_NeuP_Gen [t_AccEnerg_Gen] 0s Op_AccEnerg_Gen
SIG Flg_NoCurr_CB_Tr
SIG [FD_AccEnerg_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_AccEnerg_Gen].Bit0
When [Opt_AccEnerg_Gen] =1, the logic diagram of inadvertent energization protection is shown
in Figure 3.20-2.
EN [En_CB_Ctrl_AccEnerg_Gen]
SIG Flg_OC_Term_Gen
& &
SIG Flg_OC_NeuP_Gen [t_AccEnerg_Gen] 0s Op_AccEnerg_Gen
SIG Flg_NoCurr_CB_Tr
SIG [FD_AccEnerg_Gen]
SET [TrpLog_AccEnerg_Gen].Bit0
Where:
Flg_UF_Gen is the flag indicating whether or not low frequency element of generator operates.
Flg_UV_Gen is the flag indicating whether or not under voltage element of generator operates.
Flg_OC_Term_Gen is the flag indicating whether or not overcurrent current element of generator
terminal operates.
Flg_OC_NeuP_Gen is the flag indicating whether or not overcurrent current element of generator
neutral point operates.
Since frequency during startup and shutdown process is usually very low, algorithm independent
of frequency is used for this protection.
Whether the protection should be blocked or not by frequency element or auxiliary contact of
circuit breaker can be determined by logic setting.
SET F<[f_UF_StShut_Gen] t 0s
&
SIG Flg_GenDiff_StShut_Gen
EN [En_GenDiff_StShut_Gen]
EN [En_StShut_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_StShut_Gen] Op_GenDiff_StShut_Gen
SET [TrpLog_Diff_StShut_Gen].Bit0
SIG [FD_StShut_Gen]
SET F<[f_UF_StShut_Gen] t 0s
&
SIG Flg_StaROV_StShut_Gen
EN [En_StaROV_StShut_Gen]
EN [En_StShut_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_StShut_Gen] [t_StaROV_StShut_Gen] 0s Op_ROV_Sta_StShut_Gen
SET [TrpLog_StaROV_StShut_Gen].Bit0
SIG [FD_StShut_Gen]
SET F<[f_UF_StShut_Gen] t 0s
&
SIG Flg_OC_StShut_Gen
EN [En_GenCur_StShut_Gen]
EN [En_StShut_Gen]
&
BI [EBI_StShut_Gen] [t_OC_StShut_Gen] 0s Op_GenCur_StShut_Gen
SET [TrpLog_OC_StShut_Gen].Bit0
SIG [FD_StShut_Gen]
Figure 3.22-1 shows logic diagram of definite-time excitation winding overload protection.
Figure 3.22-1 Logic diagram of definite time excitation winding overload protection
When current in excitation circuit reaches the low setting [Ib_InvOvLd_RotWdg], the heating
accumulation starts. When the heating accumulation reaches its setting, alarm will be issued. The
inverse time protection can simulate heating accumulation and radiation process.
Il
Ilh
Ilszd
t min tmax t
Figure 3.22-2 Operation characteristic of inverse-time excitation winding overload protection
Where:
[( I l I jzzd 1] t KLzd
2
Where:
Figure 3.22-3 shows logic diagram of inverse time excitation winding overload protection.
EN [En_OvLd_Exc ] [tmin_InvOvLd_RotWdg] 0s
&
BI [EBI_Bak_Exc]
Op_InvOvLd_RotWdg
SIG [FD_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
SET [TrpLog_InvOvLd_RotWdg].Bit0
SET I>[I_OCn_Exc]
EN [En_Bak_Exc]
& &
SET [TrpLog_OCn_Exc].Bit0 [t_OCn_Exc] 0s Op_OCn_Exc
BI [EBI_Bak_Exc]
SIG [FD_Bak_Exc]
Where:
n can be 1 or 2.
The current auxiliary criterion can be phase overcurrent element or negative-sequence current
element.
BI [BI_52b_GCB] 1
EN [En_CB_Ctrl_BFP_GCB]
BI [BI_ExtTrpCtrl]
EN [En_NegOC_BFP_GCB]
EN [En_BFP_GCB]
& &
[t_BFP11_GCB] 0s OP_BFP11_GCB
BI [EBI_BFP_GCB]
SIG [FD_BFP_GCB]
Where:
If this criterion is met, CT circuit failure alarm will be issued with a time delay of 10s. Once the
condition reverts normal condition, the alarm will be reset with a time delay of 10s.
In order to increase sensitivity of this alarm, percentage restraint differential current alarm criterion
is adopted as shown as below.
dI > di_bjzd
If the differential current reaches its threshold and reaches differential alarm level of percentage
restraint factor multiplied by restraint current, the differential current alarm will be issued.
Where:
dI is differential current.
If an internal fault occurs, at least one of following four conditions will be present:
2. Any phase current of a certain side increases after fault detector operating
3. Maximum phase current is greater than 1.2Ie after fault detector operating
If none of above four conditions occurs within 40ms after differential protections fault detectors
picks up, the protection treats it as CT circuit failure. If the logic setting [Opt_CTS_Blk_PcntDiff_x]
(x can be Gen or Exc) is set as 1, the differential protection will be blocked and alarm will be
issued. If this logic setting is set as 0, the differential protection will trip and alarm will be issued
simultaneously.
If the alarm is issued, the signal can be removed only when the failure is removed and the device
is reset by manual.
Before the generator is connected to power grid, the blocking and alarm to CT circuit failure will be
disabled automatically.
1. Positive-sequence voltage is smaller than 18V and any phase current is greater than 0.04In
If any one condition occurs, VT circuit failure alarm will be issued with a time delay of 10s, and the
alarm will be removed automatically by delay 10s when the failure is removed.
|UAB-Uab| >5V
|UBC-Ubc| >5V
|UCA-Uca| >5V
Where:
UAB, UBC, UCA and U1 are phase-to-phase voltage and positive sequence voltage of VT group 1.
Uab, Ubc, Uca and U1 are phase-to-phase voltage and positive sequence voltage of VT group 2.
If any condition mentioned above occurs, VT circuit failure alarm will be issued with delay 0.42s
and the VT group used will be switched.
When only a VT fails, it will not influence the function of related protection such as
loss-of-excitation, out-of-step, overvoltage, over-excitation, reverse power, frequency, impedance
protection and overcurrent protection.
If only one group of VT is provided at generators terminal, user can disable this function.
When the above criterions are met, corresponding alarm signal of VT circuit failure will be issued
with a time delay of 20s. The alarm signal will be removed automatically with a time delay of 20s
after the abnormality disappears.
For VT2 and other VTs, their percentage coefficient can be settable respectively and their failure
criterions are also enabled or disabled respectively.
Note!
4 Supervision
Table of Contents
4 Supervision ..................................................................................... 4-a
4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Relay Self-supervision.................................................................................... 4-1
4.2.1 Relay Hardware Supervision ............................................................................................... 4-1
List of Tables
Table 4.5-1 Self-supervision report ........................................................................................... 4-4
4.1 Overview
Protection system is in quiescent state under normal conditions, and it is required to respond
promptly for faults occurred on power system. When equipment is in energizing process before the
LED HEALTHY is on, the equipment need to be checked to ensure no abnormality. Therefore,
the automatic supervision function, which checks the health of the protection system when startup
and during normal operation, plays an important role.
The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.
In case a defect is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the
equipment, the equipment will be blocked with indication and alarm of relay out of service. It is
suggested a trial recovery of the equipment by re-energization. Please contact supplier if the
equipment is still failure.
When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed by a LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. The failure alarm is also recorded in event recording report
and can be printed if required.
When fault detector in fault detector DSP module picks up, while the fault detector in protection
DSP module doesnt pick up, or fault detectors in protection DSP and fault detector DSP module
picks up continuously, equipment will issue abnormality alarm but not be blocked.
PCS-985 can provide self-supervision of hardware circuit and device operation status. When any
abnormal condition is detected, the fault information or report can be displayed and a
corresponding alarm will be issued.
Note!
If alarm signal is issued with equipment being blocked, please try to make a fault diagnosis
by referring the issued alarm messages but not simply reboot or re-power the relay. If user
cannot find the failure reason on site, please inform the manufacturer or the agent for
maintenance.
All the alarm messages and relevant LED affections are listed in following table.
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
Any one of binary input sampled by Check the sampled binary input
10 Alm_BI GREEN YELLOW OFF OFF protection DSP module does not match with of protection DSP module and
that sampled by fault detector DSP module. fault detector DSP module.
11 Fail_Setting_OvRange OFF YELLOW OFF OFF Setting value is out of setting scope. Please reset setting values
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
The error is found during checking the Users may pay no attention to
13 Alm_Version GREEN YELLOW OFF OFF
version of software downloaded to the the alarm signal in the project
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
19 Alm_Insuf_Memory GREEN YELLOW OFF OFF Alarm indicating the memory is insufficient
DSP chip on fault detector DSP module is Put the protective device out of
20 Alm_DSP_FDBrd OFF YELLOW OFF OFF
damaged. service at once. Inform the
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
33 Alm_VTS_HVS_Tr GREEN YELLOW OFF YELLOW Alarm indicating secondary circuit failure of
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
Alarm indicating rotor voltage circuit failure Check the metering and VT
39 Alm_VTS_LossExc_RotWdg GREEN YELLOW OFF OFF
which used by loss-of-excitation protection. secondary circuit.
44 Alm_MR1 GREEN YELLOW OFF OFF Alarm indicating operation of mechanical Treat according to specific
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
Alarm indicating power loss of mechanical Provide the power supply for
48 Alm_PwrLoss_MechRly GREEN YELLOW OFF OFF
relay. mechanical relay.
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
element of stator.
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
68 Alm_UV_Gen
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
Indicator LED
No. Alarm Message CT VT Meaning Description Repairmen suggestion
HEALTHY ALARM
ALARM ALARM
Alarm indicating voltage circuit failure of rotor Check the metering and VT
85 Alm_VTS_RotWdg GREEN YELLOW OFF YELLOW
winding. secondary circuit.
5 Management
Table of Contents
5 Management.................................................................................... 5-a
5.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Measurement ................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2.1 Measurement of Generator Protection ................................................................................ 5-1
List of Tables
Table 5.2-1 Current values in generator protection ................................................................. 5-1
Table 5.2-4 Current values in excitation transformer or exciter protection .......................... 5-4
Table 5.3-2 Enabling binary inputs of excitation transformer or exciter protection ............ 5-6
Table 5.3-6 Fault detector flag generated internal by PROT ................................................... 5-7
5.1 Overview
The relay also provides some auxiliary functions, such as on-line data metering, binary input
status, event and disturbance recording, etc. All these make the relay meet the demands of the
modern power grid requirements.
5.2 Measurement
The equipment performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The
measurement data shown below is displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local or
remote PC.
Equipment samples 24 points per cycle. Calculate the RMS value in each interval and LCD will be
updated every 0.5 second. The following system quantities are displayed in RMS values of the
secondary side of CT and VT.
NOTE: Ie and In mentioned in following sections are units. Ie is secondary rated current
NOTE: The quantities listed in following tables are to be displayed on LCD for the device,
but for a certain application, some of these quantities may be eliminated due of the
scheme user required, so please look up the devices on site for actual quantities
displayed.
The quantities listed in following sections are to be displayed on LCD for PCS-985G, but for a
certain application, some of these quantities may be eliminated due of the scheme user required,
so please look up the devices on site for actual quantities displayed.
All these signals can be displayed on LCD, locally printed or sent to automation system of
substation via communication channel.
5.4.1 Introduction
The PCS-985G is equipped with integral measurements, event, fault and disturbance recording
facilities suitable for analysis of complex system disturbances. The relay is flexible enough to allow
for the programming of these facilities to specific user application requirements and is discussed
below.
The real time clock within the relay provides the time tag to each event, to a resolution of 1ms. The
event records are available for viewing either via the front plate LCD or remotely, via the
communications ports (courier and MODBUS versions only).
Local viewing on the LCD is achieved in the menu column entitled REPORT. This column allows
viewing of event and fault records and is shown by setting sequence No. of the event or fault
report by user. Refer to Section 8 for details of operation method.
Please see Section 5.3 for details about the binary input signals.
Please see Section 4.4 for details about the alarm signals.
up to trig disturbance and fault recording with 500ms delay for dropping off.
The following table is the list of the fault detector elements, please see Chapter 3 for detailed
message.
All the protection element operation reports are listed as below. Please see Chapter 3 for details
about these operation reports.
The integral disturbance recorder has an area of memory specifically set aside for record storage.
The number of records that may be stored by the relay is dependent upon the selected recording
duration. The recorder of CPU board can typically store a minimum of 32 records, among them 8
records with instantaneous waveform. The record is composed of tripping element, faulty phase,
operation time and the waveform content is composed of differential currents, corrected current of
each side of generator or transformer, three-phase current of each side, residual current of each
side (if available), three-phase voltages, residual voltage of each side, negative sequence voltage
and tripping pulse.
The MON board can store up to 4 seconds (24 sampling points per cycle) or 8 seconds (12
sampling points per cycle) continual waveform, which including all channels analog quantities
(sampled data, differential currents and so on), all the binary input changing state, binary output,
pick up flags of fault detectors, alarm signals, operation signals and tripping signals. Disturbance
records continue to be recorded until the available memory is exhausted, at which time the oldest
record(s) are overwritten to make space for the newest one.
It is not possible to view the disturbance records locally via the LCD; they must be extracted using
suitable software such as PCS-PC.
The CPU board can also record latest 8 cycles of waveform in normal operation condition, which is
composed of three phases current, corrected current of each side for differential protection, three
phases voltage and residual voltage of each side. This function can help user to check the poles
correctness of secondary circuit by comparing the phase of related quantities shown in wave
figure.
6 Hardware
Table of Contents
6 Hardware ......................................................................................... 6-a
6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 CT Requirement .................................................................................................................. 6-4
List of Figures
Figure 6.1-1 Hardware diagram.................................................................................................. 6-1
Figure 6.1-2 Front view of PCS-985 (only for reference) ......................................................... 6-3
Figure 6.1-3 Typical rear view of PCS-985 (only for reference) .............................................. 6-3
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
List of Tables
Table 6.1-1 PCS-985 module configuration .............................................................................. 6-2
6.1 Overview
Output Relay
Binary Input
External
Protection
Conventional CT/VT A/D Calculation
DSP
ECVT
Fault
A/D Detector Pickup
DSP Relay
ECVT
ETHERNET
LCD +E
GPS
Power
Uaux LED CPU
Supply
RJ45
Keypad
PRINT
PCS-985 adopts 32-bit microchip processor CPU as control core for logic calculation and
management function, meanwhile, adopts high-speed digital signal processor DSP to be in charge
of all the protection calculation. 24 points are sampled in every cycle and parallel processing of
sampled data can be realized in each sampling interval to ensure ultra-high reliability and safety of
protection equipment.
The working process of the device is as follows: firstly, the current and voltage is converted into
small voltage signal and sent to DSP module after being filtered and converted by AD for
protection calculation and fault detector respectively. When DSP module completes all the
protection calculation, the result will be sent to 32-bit CPU on MON module to be recorded.
Protection calculation DSP module carries out protection logic calculation, tripping output, and
MON module completes SOE (sequence of event) record, waveform recording, printing,
communication between protection and SAS and communication between HMI and CPU. The
work process of fault detector DSP module is similar to that of protection DSP module, and the
only difference is, when fault detector DSP module decides a fault detector picks up, only positive
power supply of output relay is switched on.
PCS-985 is comprised of intelligent modules, except that few particular modules position cannot
be changed in the whole device (PWR module and DSP module), the others like AI (analog input)
module such as AC current, AC voltage and etc., and BI/BO module such as binary input, tripping
output, signal output, and etc can be flexibly configured according to the remained slot positions.
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
MON module provides functions like management function, completed event record, setting
management, etc.
DSP modules are totally the same, to carry out filtering, sampling and protection calculation
and fault detector calculation respectively.
AI module converts AC current and voltage to low voltage signals with current transformers
and voltage transformers respectively.
BI module provides binary input, and the binary is inputted via 24V, 48V, 110V/125V, or
220V/250V opto-coupler (configurable).
BO signal module provides all kinds of signal output contact, including annunciation signal,
remote signal, fault and disturbance signal, operation abnormal signal, etc.
PWR module converts DC 250/220/125/110V into different DC voltage levels for various
modules of the equipment
HMI module is comprised of LCD, keypad, LED indicator and test serial ports, and it is
convenient for user to perform human-machine interaction with equipment.
Following figures show front and rear views of PCS-985 respectively. Programmable LED
indicators (No.8-No.20) can be defined by user through PCS-PC software.
1
HEALTHY
11 PCS-985
2 12
ALARM
GENERATOR RELAY
3 13
TRIP
4 14
P
VT ALARM
GR
5 15
CT ALARM
6 16 ENT
STA EF ALARM
C
ES
7 17
ROT EF ALARM
8 18
9 19
10 20
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
NR1101D NR1151D NR1151D NR1502D NR1505A NR1533A NR1526A NR1526A NR1526A NR1533A NR1541C NR1541C NR1541C NR1541C NR1541D NR1301A
1 2 3 1 2 3
5V BJ
4 5 6 4 5 6
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
Slot No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
6.1.1 CT Requirement
-Rated primary current Ipn:
-Rated short-time thermal current Ith and rated dynamic current Idyn:
Performance verification
For example:
= 305(1+60/25)=510V
Esl = 2IpcfIsn(Rct+Rb)/Ipn
= 2Ipcf Isn(Rct+(Rr+2RL+Rc))/Ipn
= 2400005(1+(0.1+20.5+0.1))/2000=440V
The device consists of power supply module, MON module, DSP module, AI module, BI module,
tripping output module, signal output module, input and output signal for mechanical relay. The
definition and application of each module and its terminal is introduced as follows:
The +5V DC output provides power supply for all the electrical elements that need +5V DC power
supply in this device. The +24V DC output provides power supply for the static relays of this
device.
The use of an external miniature circuit breaker is recommended. The miniature circuit breaker
must be in the on position when the device is in operation and in the off position when the device is
in cold reserve.
A 12-pin connector is fixed on PWR module. The terminal definition of the connector is described
as below.
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
NR1301A
5V OK ALM
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
01
BO_FAIL
02
BO_ALM
03
04
BO_FAIL
05
BO_ALM
06
Note!
The standard rated voltage of PWR module is self-adaptive to 220Vdc or 110Vdc. For
non-standard rated voltage power supply module please specify when place order, and
check if the rated voltage of power supply module is the same as the voltage of power
source before the device being put into service.
PWR module provides terminal 12 and grounding screw for device grounding. Terminal 12
shall be connected to grounding screw and then connected to the earth copper bar of
panel via dedicated grounding wire.
Effective grounding is the most important measure for a device to prevent EMI, so effective
grounding must be ensured before the device is put into service.
PCS-985, like almost all electronic relays, contains electrolytic capacitors. These
capacitors are well known to be subject to deterioration over time if voltage is not applied
periodically. Deterioration can be avoided by powering the relays up once a year.
MON module uses the internal bus to receive the data from other modules of the device. It
communicates with the LCD module by RS-485 bus. This module comprises 100BaseT Ethernet
interfaces, RS-485 communication interfaces, PPS/IRIG-B differential time synchronization
interface and RS-232 printing interface.
Modules with various combinations of memory and interface are available as shown in the table
below.
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
TX
ETHERNET ETHERNET
RX
TX
RX
ETHERNET
The correct connection is shown in Figure 6.2-4. Generally, the shielded cable with two pairs of
twisted pairs inside shall be applied. One pair of the twisted pairs are respectively used to connect
the + and terminals of difference signal. The other pair of twisted pairs are used to connect
the signal ground of the communication interface. The module reserves a free terminal for all the
communication ports. The free terminal has no connection with any signal of the device, and it is
used to connect the external shields of the cable when connecting multiple devices in series. The
external shield of the cable shall be grounded at one of the ends only.
B 02
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
SGND 03
04
SYN- 02
SGND 03
04
TXD 06
SGND 07
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
functions of this module include analog data acquisition, calculation of protection logic and tripping
output etc.
NR1151D
1 2 3
4 5 6
Four binary signals [BI_TimeSyn], [BI_Print], [BI_Pwr_Opto] and [BI_RstTarg] are fixed, they are
used to time synchronization, print, device maintenance and reset signal respectively. The power
supply for the device is independent with that of mechanical protection, and they are equipped
with the monitoring circuit of power supply.
Up to 4 BI modules (slot 04, 05, 06, 10) can be equipped with the device. They are respectively
NR1502D for LV binary signal, NR1505A for both HV and LV binary signal and NR1533A/B for
binary signal of mechanical protection. The terminal definition of BI module is described as below.
BI_Pwr_Opto BI13 14 13
OPT-
16 15
(24V)
EBI_AccEnerg_Gen BI15 18 17 BI14 EBI_FreqProt_Gen
30 29 BI26 EBI_Trp_MechRly6
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
Binary Input
BO_MR3 06 05 BI02 BI_MR2
BO_MR1 12 11 BO_MR1
Remote Signal
BO_MR2 14 13 BO_MR2
Trip
BO_MR3 16 15 BO_MR3
BO_MR4 18 17 BO_MR4
Com 20 19 Com
BO_MR1 22 21
Event Recorder
BO_MR2 24 23
Supply
Power
BO_MR4 28 27
Binary Input
BO_MR5 12 11 BO_MR5
Remote Signal
BO_MR6 14 13 BO_MR6
Trip
BO_MR7 16 15 BO_MR7
BO_MR8 18 17 BO_MR8
Com 20 19 Com
BO_MR5 22 21
Event Recorder
BO_MR6 24 23
BO_MR8 28 27
Note!
Seven BO modules (slot 07, 08, 09, 15, 24, 31, 32) are used to output alarm signals, trip signals
and other abnormality signals. The terminal definition of BO module is described as below.
NR1526A B07
02 01 BO_Alm_CTS
04 03 BO_Alm_VTS
06 05 BO_Alm_RevP
08 07 BO_Alm_OvExc
10 09 Com
12 11 BO_Alm_OvLd
Alarm Signal
14 13 BO_Alm_NegOC
16 15 BO_Alm_OvLd_RotWdg
18 17 BO_Alm_EF_Sta
20 19 Com
22 21 BO_EF_RotWdg
24 23 BO_Alm_LossExc
26 25 BO_Alm_OOS
28 27 BO_Alm_Freq
30 29 Com
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
02 01 BO_Fail # 02 01
RLY01 BO_Diff_Exc
04 03 BO_Diff_Exc # 04 03
# 06 05
06 05 BO_Bak_Exc
RLY02 BO_Bak_Exc
# 08 07
08 07 BO_MechRly
# 10 09
Trip Signal
10 09 Com RLY03 BO_MechRly
# 12 11
12 11 BO_AccEnerg_Gen
# RLY04 14 13 BO_AccEnerg_Gen
14 13 BO_RevP_Gen
# RLY05 16 15 BO_RevP_Gen
16 15 BO_SeqTrpRevP_Gen
# RLY06 18 17 BO_StShut_Gen
18 17 BO_StShut_Gen # RLY07 20 19 BO_BFP_GCB
# RLY11 28 27 SPARE
26 25 SPARE
# RLY12 30 29 SPARE
28 27 SPARE
# Magnetic latching output
30 29 Com contact
02 01 BO_Diff_Gen # 02 01
RLY01 BO_Diff_Gen
04 03 BO_EF_Sta # 04 03
# 06 05
06 05 BO_IntTurn_Gen
RLY02 BO_EF_Sta
# 08 07
08 07 BO_OvLd_Sta
# 10 09
10 09 Com RLY03 BO_IntTurn_Gen
# 12 11
12 11 BO_VoltProt_Gen
# RLY04 14 13 BO_OvLd_Sta
14 13 BO_LossExc
Trip Signal
# RLY05 16 15 BO_VolProt_Gen
16 15 BO_OSS_Gen
# RLY06 18 17 BO_LossExc
18 17 BO_NegOC_Gen # RLY07 20 19 BO_OSS_Gen
# RLY11 28 27 BO_FreqProt_Gen
26 25 BO_FreqProt_Gen
# RLY12 30 29 BO_PPF_Gen
28 27 BO_PPF_Gen
# Magnetic latching output
30 29 Com contact
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
NR1541D B15
02 01
RLY01 BO_Alarm
04 03
06 05
RLY02 SPARE
08 07
10 09
RLY03 SPARE
12 11
RLY04 14 13
RLY05 16 15 BO_Alm_OV_Gen
RLY06 18 17
RLY07 20 19
BO_Alm_UP_Gen
RLY08 22 21
RLY09 24 23 SPARE
RLY10 26 25
RLY11 28 27 BO_Alm_UV_Gen
RLY12 30 29
NR1526A B24
02 01 BO_Alm_CTS
04 03 BO_Alm_VTS
06 05 BO_Alm_RevP
08 07 BO_Alm_OvExc
10 09 Com
12 11 BO_Alm_OvLd
Alarm Signal
14 13 BO_Alm_NegOC
16 15 BO_Alm_OvLd_RotWdg
18 17 BO_Alm_EF_Sta
20 19 Com
22 21 BO_EF_RotWdg
24 23 BO_Alm_LossExc
26 25 BO_Alm_OOS
28 27 BO_Alm_Freq
30 29 Com
PCS-985B provides 4 trip binary output modules (slot 11, 12, 13, 14). And the definition of all trip
output signal can be user-defined by auxiliary software. The trip output signal can be set to be
broadened, and the time is settable, default value is 140ms. The instantaneous drop-off contacts
can be used to initiate breaker failure protection. The terminal definition of BO module is described
as below.
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
02 01 02 01
RLY01 RLY01
04 03 04 03
BO_TrpOutp1 BO_TrpOutp5
06 05 06 05
RLY02 RLY02
08 07 08 07
10 09 10 09
RLY03 RLY03
12 11 12 11
BO_TrpOutp2 BO_TrpOutp6
RLY04 14 13 RLY04 14 13
RLY05 16 15 RLY05 16 15
RLY06 18 17 RLY06 18 17
RLY09 24 23 RLY09 24 23
RLY10 26 25 RLY10 26 25
BO_TrpOutp8
RLY11 28 27 BO_TrpOutp4 RLY11 28 27
RLY12 30 29 RLY12 30 29
02 01 02 01
RLY01 BO_TrpOutp9 RLY01 BO_TrpOutp18
04 03 04 03
06 05 06 05
RLY02 BO_TrpOutp10 RLY02 BO_TrpOutp19
08 07 08 07
10 09 10 09
RLY03 BO_TrpOutp11 RLY03 BO_TrpOutp20
12 11 12 11
Note!
The trip output contact can be latching shown as below. # means that this contact is a
magnetic-latching contact
# 02 01 # 02 01
RLY01 RLY01
# 04 03 # 04 03
BO_TrpOutp1 BO_TrpOutp5
# 06 05 # 06 05
RLY02 RLY02
# 08 07 # 08 07
# 10 09 # 10 09
RLY03 RLY03
# 12 11 # 12 11
BO_TrpOutp2 BO_TrpOutp6
# RLY04 14 13 # RLY04 14 13
# RLY05 16 15 # RLY05 16 15
# RLY06 18 17 # RLY06 18 17
# RLY09 24 23 # RLY09 24 23
# RLY10 26 25 # RLY10 26 25
BO_TrpOutp8
# RLY11 28 27 BO_TrpOutp4 # RLY11 28 27
# RLY12 30 29 # RLY12 30 29
# 02 01 02 01
RLY01 BO_TrpOutp9 RLY01 BO_TrpOutp18
# 04 03 04 03
# 06 05 06 05
RLY02 BO_TrpOutp10 RLY02 BO_TrpOutp19
# 08 07 08 07
# 10 09 10 09
RLY03 BO_TrpOutp11 RLY03 BO_TrpOutp20
# 12 11 12 11
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
A 01 02 A' A 01 02 A'
Current Current
B 03 04 B' B 03 04 B'
channel 1 channel 5
C 05 06 C' C 05 06 C'
A 07 08 A' A 07 08 A'
Current Current
B 09 10 B' B 09 10 B'
channel 2 channel 6
C 11 12 C' C 11 12 C'
A 13 14 A' A 13 14 A'
Current Current
B 15 16 B' B 15 16 B'
channel 3 channel 7
C 17 18 C' C 17 18 C'
A 19 20 A' A 19 20 A'
Current Current
B 21 22 B' B 21 22 B'
channel 4 channel 8
C 23 24 C' C 23 24 C'
12I 12I
A 01 02 N A 01 02 A
Current channel 9
B 03 04 N B 03 04 B
VT1 of generator (for measurement CT)
terminal C 05 06 C
C 05 06 N
L 07 08 N Reserved L 07 08 N
A 09 10 N
B 11 12 N
VT2 of generator
terminal
C 13 14 N
L 15 16 N
Transverse differential
A 17 18 N L 17 18 N
current
VT at HV side of main Residual current at
B 19 20 N L 19 20 N
transformer neutral point
Residual VT2 at
C 21 22 N L 21 22 N
generator neutral point
Residual VT at HV side Residual VT at
L 23 24 N L 23 24 N
of main transformer generator neutral point
12U 6I2U
If stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection is used, the pin definition of the AI module will
be changed as following figure.
IR+ 01 IR+ 01
02 02
Input from DC Input from DC
current transmitter current transmitter
IR- 03 IR- 03
04 04
08 08
09 09
UR1+ 10 UOUT 10
11 11
12 12
13 13
TEST 17 TEST 17
18 18
19 UIN+ 19
UR1- 20 20
21 UIN- 21
22 22
Note!
3. Rotor earth-fault protection with voltage injection adopts the following 2 channels:
4. For rotor earth-fault protection with ping-pang type, NR1418 should be selected.
In NR1418, UR2+ should be connected to positive pole of rotor winding, and UR2-
should be connected to negative pole of rotor winding. UR2+ and UR2- are applied to
acquire the rotor voltage used for loss-of-excitation protection.
6.1 verview
6 Hardware
UR1+ and UR1- are applied as the inputs of big power resistor (13.6k). UR1+ and
UR1- should be connected to the positive/negative pole of rotor winding via the big
power resistor.
5. For rotor earth-fault protection with voltage injection, NR1417 should be selected.
In NR1417, UR2+ should be connected to positive pole of rotor winding, and UR2-
should be connected to negative pole of rotor winding. UR2+ and UR2- are applied to
acquire the rotor voltage for loss-of-excitation protection.
UIN+ and UIN- are applied to connect to the external power supply, can be 220V
(NR1417A) or 220V (NR1417B) (predetermined when ordering).
7 Settings
Table of Contents
7 Settings ........................................................................................... 7-a
7.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Device Setup ................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2.1 Communication Settings...................................................................................................... 7-1
7.4.5 Settings of Stator Earth-fault Protection with Voltage Injection ......................................... 7-25
List of Tables
Table 7.2-1 Communication settings ......................................................................................... 7-1
Table 7.4-4 List of stator earth fault protection settings ....................................................... 7-21
Table 7.4-5 List of stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection settings ................. 7-25
Table 7.4-6 List of earth fault protection settings of rotor .................................................... 7-27
Table 7.4-7 List of thermal overload protection settings of stator ....................................... 7-29
Table 7.4-15 List of startup and shutdown protection settings of generator ..................... 7-47
Table 7.4-16 List of accidental energaization protection settings of generator ................. 7-49
Table 7.4-17 List of breaker failure protection settings of generator .................................. 7-50
Table 7.4-18 List of differential protection settings of excitation transformer or exciter.. 7-52
Table 7.4-19 List of backup protection settings of excitation transformer or exciter ....... 7-53
Table 7.5-1 List of calculated parameters of secondary rated current ................................ 7-57
Table 7.5-2 List of calculated parameters of secondary rated voltage ................................ 7-57
7.1 Overview
The device has some setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, general settings and device setup are
shared by all protection setting groups, and settings of protection element are set according to
secondary values.
Settings list
000.000.000.000~
1 IP_LAN1 IP address of Ethernet port 1.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
2 Mask_LAN1 Subnet mask of Ethernet port 1.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
3 IP_LAN2 IP address of Ethernet port 2.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
4 Mask_LAN2 Subnet mask of Ethernet port 2.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
6 IP_LAN3 IP address of Ethernet port 3.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
7 Mask_LAN3 Subnet mask of Ethernet port 3.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
9 IP_LAN4 IP address of Ethernet port 4.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
10 Mask_LAN4 Subnet mask of Ethernet port 4.
255.255.255.255
000.000.000.000~
12 Gateway Gateway of router
255.255.255.255
4800,9600,19200,
17 Baud_RS485A Baud rate of rear RS-485 serial port 1.
38400,57600,115200bps
4800,9600,19200,
22 Baud_RS485B Baud rate of rear RS-485 serial port 2.
38400,57600,115200bps
Conventional
SAS
28 Opt_TimeSyn Select the mode of time synchronization of equipment.
Advanced
NoTimeSyn
Setting Explanation
They are used for Ethernet communication based on the 103 protocol. When the IEC 61850
protocol is applied, the IP address of Ethernet A will be GOOSE source MAC address.
2. [Opt_TimeSyn]
There are four selections for clock synchronization of device, each selection includes different time
clock synchronization signals shown in following table.
Item Description
PPS(RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level.
IRIG-B(RS-485): IRIG-B via RS-485 differential level.
Conventional
PPM(DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn].
PPS(DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn].
SNTP(PTP): Unicast (point to point) SNTP mode via Ethernet network.
SAS SNTP(BC): Broadcast SNTP mode via Ethernet network.
Message (IEC103): Clock messages through IEC103 protocol.
IEEE1588: Clock message via IEEE1588.
Advanced IRIG-B(Fiber): IRIG-B via optical-fibre interface.
PPS(Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface.
When no time synchronization signal is connected to the equipment, please select this
NoTimeSync
option and the alarm message [Alm_TimeSync] will not be issued anymore.
Conventional mode and SAS mode are always be supported by device, but Advanced mode
is only supported when NET-DSP module is equipped. The alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn] may be
issued to remind user loss of time synchronization signals.
1) When SAS is selected, if there is no conventional clock synchronization signal, the device
will not send the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]. When Conventional mode is selected, if there
is no conventional clock synchronization signal, SASmode will be enabled automatically with
the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn] being issued simultaneously.
3) When NoTimeSyn mode is selected, the device will not send alarm signals without
Note!
Above table listed all the communication settings, the device delivered to the user maybe only
show some settings of them according to the communication interface configuration. If only
the Ethernet ports are applied, the settings about the serial ports (port A and port B) are not
listed in this submenu. In addition, the settings about the Ethernet ports only listed in this
The standard arrangement of the Ethernet port is two, at most four (predetermined when
ordering). Set the IP address according to actual arrangement of Ethernet numbers and the
un-useful port/ports need not be configured. If the PCS-PC configuration tool auxiliary
software is connected with this device through the Ethernet, the IP address of the PCS-PC
must be set as one of the available IP address of this device.
Note!
The clock message via IEC103 protocol is invalid when the device receives the IRIG-B
signal through RC-485 port.
Access Path
Settings list
Setting Explanation
1. [HDR_EncodeMode]
Default value of [HDR_EncodeMode] is 1(i.e. UTF-8 code) and please set it to 0(i.e. GB18030)
according to the special requirement.
2. [Un_BinaryInput]
This setting is used to set voltage level of binary input module. If low-voltage BI module is
equipped, 24V or 48V can be set according to the actual requirement, and if high-voltage BI
module is equipped, 110V or 220V can be set according to the actual requirement.
Access Path
Settings List
Setting Explanation
1. [Active_Grp]
The current protection setting group number, and total 30 group settings are provided. The device
settings, communication settings and system settings, are common for all protection groups.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> General Settings -> System Settings
Settings List
Setting Explanation
1. [En_TestMode]
This logic setting is configured for equipment debugging status. If it is set as 1, debugging
window can be open by PCS-PC software. Under debugging window, corresponding protection
tripping signals and alarm signals can be issued, corresponding tripping contacts can be
energized without actual happening of corresponding fault. If it is set as 0, debugging window
can not be open.
Access Path
Setting List
Access Path
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [k_U_RotWdg]
This is the correction coefficient of rotor voltage. For the occasion that partial rotor voltage is
connected to the device, rotor voltage needs to be corrected by the setting. For example, if only
half of rotor voltage is connected to the device, this setting should be set as 2, if total rotor
voltage is connected to the device, this setting should be set as 1.
Access Path
Setting List
Access Path
configured in factory or configured by field commission engineer according to the design drawing
and project requirement.
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [Cfg_Polar_CT]
Generally, CT polarity definition is shown as the below table. However if some CT polarity direction
is reversed by incorrect wiring connecting, there is still chance to correct it by configuring this logic
setting easily. Please set the corresponding digit of the logic setting. Bit.1-9 are corresponding to 9
three-phase current channels one by one. If any bit is set as 0, the program will reverse the
current polarity of this channel before calculation.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Three-phase channel 7
Three-phase channel 9
Three-phase channel 8
Three-phase channel 6
Three-phase channel 5
Three-phase channel 4
Three-phase channel 3
Three-phase channel 2
Three-phase channel 1
2. [Cfg_CT_Term_Gen] No definition
Configurable setting for deciding which channel is chosen to input three-phase current for CT at
generator terminal.
Following table gives all the choices that user can decide. Only one bit at most can be set as 1
simultaneously.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Three-phase channel 9
Three-phase channel 8
Three-phase channel 7
Three-phase channel 6
Three-phase channel 5
Three-phase channel 4
Three-phase channel 3
Three-phase channel 2
Three-phase channel 1
No definition
The definition of each bit of other configurable settings is the same to that of [Cfg_CT_Term_Gen].
3. [K_dU_RotWdg]
Rotor voltage fluctuation coefficient, it is used to adjust the permissible rotor voltage fluctuation for
rotor earth-fault protection. The permissible rotor voltage fluctuation is bigger if the coefficient is
bigger. Rotor earth-fault protection will be blocked if rotor voltage fluctuation is too big.
4. [k1_U0_Longl_Gen], [k2_U0_Longl_Gen]
Calculated longitudinal residual voltage coefficient 1 and calculated longitudinal residual voltage
coefficient 2. The two coefficients are used in calculated longitudinal residual voltage protection for
compensation function. The two coefficients can be gotten by stator earth-fault testing.
5. [Polar_VT_NP_Gen]
Polarity adjustment for calculated longitudinal residual voltage, it is only used to adjust the polarity
of neutral point residual voltage in calculated longitudinal residual voltage protection, the polarity
of neutral point residual voltage in stator earth-fault protection will not be affected.
Access Path
Settings List
Setting Explanation
1. [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Gen]
This is pickup setting of percentage current differential protection, which is also the setting of fault
detector of percentage differential protection. It shall be higher than maximum unbalance current
when the generator operates on normal rated load, i.e.
Where:
I f 1n
I f 2n
n fLH
Where:
Pn / cos
I f 1n
3U f 1n
Where:
I unb.0 is the measured actual unbalance current during rated load of generator, 0.2 I f 2 n -0.3 I f 2 n
Where:
2. [I_InstDiff_Gen]
3. [I_AlmDiff_Gen]
Differential current alarm setting of generator. It shall be higher than normal unbalance differential
current and lower than [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Gen].
4. [Slope1_PcntDiff_Gen]
Restraint coefficient setting of the first slope of percentage differential protection, it shall be:
Where:
5. [Slope2_PcntDiff_Gen]
With type factor of CT not taken into account, the maximum unbalance current is, ,
Where:
I k .max is periodic component of secondary value of external three phase short circuit current and it
can be taken as 4 times of rated current if it is less than 4 times of rated current.
Where:
I unb.max* , I cdqd * and I k .max* are all per unit value of rated current of generator;
If the percentage differential protection is configured based on rules mentioned above, when
phase-to-phase metallic short circuit fault occurs at the terminal of generator, sensitivity factor will
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenDiffProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [I_SensTrvDiff_Gen]
Setting of this protection shall be higher than maximum unbalance current during normal operation
condition. Reliability factor can be more than 2. The setting value is usually:
Where:
2. [I_InsensTrvDiff_Gen]
Where:
3. [t_TrvDiff_Gen]
This is the delay of transverse differential protection (act on only after the occurrence of one-point
ground of rotor).
When one point earth fault occurs within rotor of generator and one point earth fault protection
operates, in order to prevent unwanted operation of transverse protection due to instantaneous
two points earth fault within the rotor, operation of this protection shall be delayed for 0.5 s 1 s.
Note!
When a turn-to-turn fault occurs, the equipment will trip relevant breakers without delay
according to the tripping output logic setting, but a time delay decided by user will act on
after occurrence of one-point ground of rotor.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenIntTurnProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [V_NegOV_VCE_Gen]
This is negative sequence voltage setting of composite voltage control element. Setting and
displayed value of negative sequence voltage are U2.
Setting of negative sequence voltage relay shall be higher than unbalance voltage during normal
operation, generally
Sensitivity factor shall be checked by phase-to-phase short circuit fault on HV side bus of main
transformer:
U 2. min
K sen Equation 7.4-8
U op 2
Where:
U 2. min is minimum negative sequence voltage at location of the equipment during phase-to-phase
short circuit fault on HV side bus of main transformer. K sen 1.5 is required.
2. [Vpp_UV_VCE_Gen]
This is the voltage setting of phase-to-phase undervoltage of composite voltage control element.
Sensitivity factor shall be checked by three-phase short circuit fault on HV side bus of main
transformer:
U op
K sen Equation 7.4-9
X t I k(3. max
)
3. [I_OC1_Gen]
K rel
I op I gn Equation 7.4-10
Kr
Where:
I k( .2min
)
K sen Equation 7.4-11
I op
( 2)
Where I k . min is minimum fault current through location of the relay during phase-to-phase
4. [t_OC1_Gen]
Time delay of overcurrent protection stage 1. Delay of this protection shall be higher than that of
operation of backup protection of step-up transformer. This protection is used for islanding and
generator shutting off.
5. [Z1_Fwd_Gen]
This is the positive direction impedance setting of distance protection stage1. Here positive
direction means the direction is pointing to the transformer instead of generator itself.
If the value of this setting is greater than the next one, then the characteristic of distance protection
is set as excursive impedance circle; if it is equal to the next one, the characteristic is whole
impedance circle; if the next one is set as 0, the characteristic becomes directional impedance.
Generally, low impedance protection is considered as the backup protection of generator in case
that voltage-controlled overcurrent protection cannot satisfy the sensitivity requirement of
generator.
6. [Z1_Rev_Gen]
Negative direction impedance setting of distance protection stage1. In general, this setting is set
as 5-10% of the positive direction impedance setting.
7. [En_Mem_Curr_Gen]
That the setting is set as 1 indicates the excitation mode of generator is self shunt excitation
mode. In that case, the protection will remember the current value at the initiation of fault, and
operates based on it, no matter whether the current will decrease due to the descending excitation
voltage result from terminal voltages getting down when external fault occurs. Once this setting is
set as 1, the backup overcurrent protection of generator is always controlled by composite
voltage element.
Note!
In the above Tablecurrent used in backup protection of generator comes from the backup
current input channel.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenPPFBakProt Settings
Setting List
protection.
Delay of fundamental residual
4 t_ROV_Sta 0.00 10.00 0.01 S
overvoltage protection.
Delay of high-setting fundamental
5 t_InsensROV_Sta 0.00 10.00 0.01 S
residual overvoltage protection.
rd
Ratio setting of 3 harmonics
6 k_V3rdHRatio_PreSync_Sta 0.50 10.00 0.01 before incorporation of generator in
power network.
rd
Ratio setting of 3 harmonics after
7 k_V3rdHRatio_PostSync_Sta 0.50 10.00 0.01
incorporation in power network.
Restraint coefficient of percentage
8 k_V3rdHDiff_Sta 0.05 2.00 0.01 third harmonic voltage earth fault
protection.
Delay of percentage third harmonic
9 t_V3rdH_Sta 0.00 10.00 0.01 S
voltage earth fault protection.
Tripping output logic setting of
10 TrpLog_EF_Sta 00003FFFFFFF 1
stator earth fault protection.
Logic setting 1 - enable, 0 disable
Logic settings of disable(0) or
11 En_Alm_ROV_Sta 0/1 enable(1) alarm function of residual
overvoltage.
Logic settings of disable(0) or
12 En_Trp_ROV_Sta 0/1 enable(1) residual overvoltage
protection.
Logic settings of disable(0) or
13 En_Alm_V3rdHRatio_Sta 0/1 enable(1) alarm function of third
harmonic voltage ratio element.
Logic settings of disable(0) or
14 En_Alm_V3rdHDiff_Sta 0/1 enable(1) alarm function of third
harmonics differential voltage.
Logic settings of disable(0) or
15 En_Trp_V3rdHRatio_Sta 0/1 enable(1) tripping function of third
harmonic voltage ratio element.
Logic settings of disable(0) or
enable(1) tripping function of high
16 En_Trp_InsensROV_Sta 0/1
setting residual overvoltage
protection
Logic settings of disable(0) or
enable(1) open-delta failure
17 En_Alm_DeltVTS1_Gen 0/1
supervision of VT1 at generator
terminal.
Logic settings of disable(0) or
18 En_Alm_VTS_NP_Gen 0/1 enable(1) open-delta failure
supervision of VT at neutral point of
generator.
Setting Explanation
1. [V_SensROV_Sta]
Setting of this protection U op shall be higher than maximum unbalance voltage U unb. max of single
Where K rel is reliability factor, 1.21.3 generally; U unb. max is the maximum measured fundamental
unbalance residual voltage derived from single VT at the neutral point of generator.
To assure its security, user should check the transferred residual voltage through coupling
capacitance between HV side and LV side of transformer when external earth fault occurs on the
HV side of the transformer. Meanwhile, settings, including time delay and operation setting, should
be considered to cooperate with that of earth fault protection of the system.
Note!
The residual voltage used in this protection comes from VT at the neutral point of
generator.
2. [V_InsensROV_Sta]
Only residual voltage at neutral point is taken for high setting zone of fundamental residual voltage
U gn
protection. If ratio of VT on neutral point is nTVN /100V , this setting is usually 20 V 25 V.
3
Residual voltage transferred by coupling capacitance per phase between HV and LV side windings
of step-up transformer shall be checked when external fault occurs at HV side of the transformer.
Coordination both on setting and delay between this protection and system earth fault protection
could be achieved then.
3. [k_V3rdHRatio_PreSync_Sta]
This is the ratio setting of 3rd harmonics before incorporation of generator in power network.
Let third harmonic voltage at the end and neutral point of generator be U t and U n , ratio setting of
third harmonic voltage percentage earth fault protection shall be
Ut Un Equation 7.4-13
3 nTVN
And K rel during pre-configuration,
nTV 0
Where:
The setting shall be (1.3 1.5) before incorporation and (1.3 1.5) 2 after that.
Where 1 and 2 are the maximum real-measured third harmonic voltage ratio before and
after incorporation respectively.
4. [k_V3rdHDiff_Sta]
This is the restraint coefficient of percentage third harmonic voltage earth fault protection.
U t k p U n k zd U n Equation 7.4-14
Where:
k p is vectorial automatic tracing regulation factor;
5. [t_V3rdH_Sta]
This is the delay of percentage third harmonic voltage earth fault protection. It shall be longer than
that of backup protection against external fault.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> StaEFProt Settings
Setting List
Table 7.4-5 List of stator earth-fault protection with voltage injection settings
Setting Explanation
1. [I_ROC_InjEF_Sta]
This is the current setting of ground overcurrent protection. Cooperating with the criteria of
earthing resistance, residual current criteria acts as backup protection against earth fault within
80% of the stators winding apart from the terminal of generator. This criteria responses to the
current flowing thought the connection line between generator neutral point and the ground. This
setting can be set as:
U N sec 1
I opK rel 0.2
RL nCT
Where:
U Nsec is secondary voltage of ground-transformer when single-phase metallic short circuit fault
2. [V_Supv_InjEF_Sta]
This is voltage setting of residual voltage element for supervising the working condition of external
power supply. If measured residual voltage is below this setting and measured residual current is
below the next one, it means the external power supply fails.
3. [ANG_corr_InjEF_Sta]
Correction Angle to eliminate angle error of the CTs and angle distortions caused by a less than
ideal earthing or neutral transformer. The correct setting for this parameter can only be determined
with a primary test. The adjustment should be made for the tripping value.
4. [R_InjEF_Sta]
The setting is used to compensate the resistance caused by the angle error of the CTs and angle
distortions caused by a less than ideal earthing or neutral transformer. The correct setting for this
parameter can only be determined with a primary test. The adjustment should be made for the
tripping value.
Note!
In large power units with generator circuit breaker, applications can be found where there
is some additional loading equipment on the low-voltage side of the unit transformer to
reduce the influence by the residual voltage when the generator circuit breaker is open.
The 20 Hz source is connected via the neutral transformer in the generator neutral point.
With the generator circuit breaker closed, the protection measures the loading resistance
on the unit transformer side, which can be mistaken for an earth resistance.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> InjStaEFProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [R_Sens1PEF_RotWdg]
This is the impedance setting of sensitive stage of one-point earth fault protection of rotor.
General specification of generator specifies that insulation resistance of its excitation winding shall
be higher than 1 M for air cooled and hydrogen-cooled turbine generator during cooling state,
and 2 k for water cooled excitation winding. General specification of hydro-generator specifies
that insulation resistance of its excitation winding shall be higher than 0.5 M in any case.
Sensitive stage of this protection is used for alarm. Its setting could be 20 k 80 k generally.
2. [R_1PEF_RotWdg]
Setting of one point earth fault protection can be 20 k for air-cooled and hydrogen-cooled turbine
generator and 2.5 k for water cooled excitation winding. This protection can be used for alarm or
generator shutting with delay.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> RotWdgEFProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [I_OvLd_Sta]
Setting of this protection is determined by the requirement of reliable release during permissive
continuous load current of generator.
I gn
I OP K rel Equation 7.4-15
Kr
Where:
Delay of this protection shall be longer than maximum delay of backup protection. Alarm will be
issued or load will be reduced when it operates.
2. [I_InvOvLd_Sta]
Characteristic of this protection is indefinite time relationship between multiple of load current and
corresponding permissive duration which is determined by permissive overload capability of stator
provided by the factory.
K tc
t Equation 7.4-16
I *2 K sr2
Where:
Minimum delay for upper limit of this protection shall coordinate with unrestraint protection.
Current setting of lower limit of this protection shall coordinate with definite time overload
protection mentioned above, namely
I gn
I OP. min K c 0 K rel Equation 7.4-17
Kr
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> StaOvLdProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [I_NegOC_Gen]
Setting of this protection is determined by the threshold under which this protection can release
reliably, that threshold value is continuously permissive negative sequence current I 2 . So,
I 2 I gn
I OP K rel Equation 7.4-18
Kr
Where:
2. [t_NegOC_Gen]
Delay of this protection shall be longer than maximum delay of backup protection. Alarm will be
issued when it operates.
3. [I_InvNegOC_Gen]
This is the pickup current of inverse time negative sequence overcurrent protection.
A
t Equation 7.4-19
I 22* I 22
Where:
Minimum delay for upper limit of this protection shall coordinate with unrestraint protection.
4. [I_Neg_Perm_Gen]
This is the permitted continuous currents of inverse time negative sequence overcurrent protection
Current setting of lower limit of this protection shall be the operating current corresponding to
delay 1000 s, namely
A
I OP. min I 22 Equation 7.4-20
1000
This protection is used for islanding or program tripping.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenNegOCProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [Xd_Gen]
R
Xa
Xb
For asynchronous impedance cycle, this setting represents for X a , and the next setting (NO.2) is
X b . Here
X d' U gn na
2
Xa Equation 7.4-21
2 S gn nv
X d'
2
U gn na
X b ( X d ) Equation 7.4-22
2 S gn nv
Where:
'
X d and X d are unsaturated per unit value of transient reactance and synchronous reactance of
generator,
For steady state stability limit circle, this setting represents for X C , and the next setting is X b ,
here
2
U gn na
Xc Xs Equation 7.4-23
S gn nv
X d'
2
U gn na
X b ( X d ) Equation 7.4-24
2 S gn nv
Where:
X s is equivalent reactance on system side (including step-up transformer) connected with the
generator (per unit value, reference capacity is apparent power of the generator).
Asynchronous impedance circle and steady state stability limit circle can be selected by logic
setting [Opt_Z_LossExc_Gen].
For practical project, impedance between asynchronous impedance circle and steady state
stability limit circle can be selected for optimal combination of reliability and speed.
2. [Q_RevQ_LossExc_Gen]
Q jx
Q zd K rel Equation 7.4-25
Pgn
Where:
3. [V_RotUV_LossExc_Gen]
This is the low voltage setting of rotor. There are two low voltages setting of rotor, they are
Where:
For a generator connecting with power system, there is a necessary excitation voltage U fd 0 for
P
U fd .op K xs U fd 0 Equation 7.4-27
Sn
Where:
X d and X s are per unit value of synchronous reactance of generator and equivalent reactance
of system connecting with the generator (referred to rated capacity of the generator);
4. [V_GTermUV_LossExc_Gen]
This is the low voltage setting for generator terminal undervoltage criterion.
This criterion is used mainly to prevent generator terminal voltage lower than the permissible value
due to loss of excitation of generator.
Where:
5. [V_BusUV_LossExc_Gen]
This criterion is used mainly to prevent voltage collapse due to loss of excitation of generator for a
system without enough spare reactive power. Voltage on bus of system side is adopted for this
criterion.
Where:
This criterion can also be configured as 0.90 0.95 times of terminal voltage of generator.
Note!
There must be one stage of loss-of-excitation protection, the criterion of busbar voltage is
not enabled and it will operate to reduce power output.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenLossExcProt Settings
Setting Explanation
Out-of-step protection operates only when out-of-step occurs in power system. Then, based on
situation at that time, the dispatching center will adopt islanding, generator shutting or restraint and
other necessary measures. Only if center of oscillation situates within the generator or near the
generator, or the oscillation lasts too long, and phase difference of electro-motive force between
two sides of the breaker less than 90, this protection will trip.
Characteristic of this protection comprises three parts: lens part , boundary part and
reactance line part . See the following figure.
jx
Za
U
D
Zc 3
OL
IL
1 IR
OR
0
R
1
Zb
2
L R
1. [Za_OOS_Gen]
Refer to Figure 7.4-2, this setting can be set by means of the following formula.
2
U gn na
Za ( X S X C ) Equation 7.4-31
S gn nv
Where:
U gn and Sgn are rated voltage and rated apparent power of generator;
2. [Zb_OOS_Gen]
Refer to figure 7.3.2, this setting can be set by means of the following formula.
2
U gn na
Zb X '
Equation 7.4-32
S gn nv
d
Where:
3. [Zc_OOS_Gen]
This is the impedance setting C of out-of-step protection. Reactance line is the dividing line of
oscillation center. Refer to Figure 7.4-2, this setting can be set by means of the following formula.
In practice, 0.9 times of transformer impedance is recommended.
2
U gn na
Z c 0.9 X c Equation 7.4-33
S gn nv
4. [_Reach_OOS_Gen]
5. [_Inner_OOS_Gen]
This is the internal angle of lens characteristic , 120is recommended. The following formula is
for reference,
2Z r
180 2 arctan
Za Zb
1
Zr RL. min Equation 7.4-34
1.3
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenOOSProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [V_OV1_Gen]
Setting of overvoltage protection of stator shall base on permissive overvoltage capability provided
by the factory or insulation condition of the stator.
Where:
This is used for islanding and excitation shutting with delay 0.5 s.
For hydro-generator,
This is used for islanding and excitation shutting with delay 0.5 s.
This is used for islanding and excitation shutting with delay 0.3 s.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenVoltProt Settings
Setting List
20 k7_InvOvExc_Gen 1.00 2.00 0.01 Inverse time over excitation multiple n7.
Delay at the point n7 on inverse time over
21 t7_InvOvExc_Gen 1.00 3000.00 0.01 S
excitation curvet7.
Tripping output logic setting of inverse time
22 TrpLog_InvOvExc_Gen 0000 3FFFFFFF 1
over excitation protection.
Setting Explanation
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenOvExcProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [P_RevP_Gen]
Where:
P1 is minimum loss of turbine during reverse power operation, 2% - 4% of rated power generally;
2. [t_Trp_RevP_Gen]
This is the delay of reverse power protection. For reverse power protection without guide blade
contact blocking, according to permissive operation time of reverse power, delay 1 min 3 min is
set for islanding in general.
For program reverse power protection with blade position blocking, delay 0.5 s 1.5 s is set for
islanding.
3. [En_BO_UP_Gen]
Enable binary output function of generator low power protection. If it is set as 1, the generator
low power protection output contact will operate once generator low power protection operates,
otherwise the contact will not operate even if generator low power protection operates.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenPwrProt Settings
Setting List
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenFreqProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [f_UF_StShut_Gen]
This is the frequency setting for blocking startup and shutdown protection of generator.
Startup and shutdown protection is used for earth fault and phase-to-phase fault of stator during
low speed operation of the generator. Its algorithm is insensitive to variation of frequency.
This protection is auxiliary protection of generator during low frequency operation. Blocking setting
of this protection is 0.8 0.9 times of rated frequency.
2. [I_GenDiff_StShut_Gen]
This is the differential current setting for the differential protection of generator in startup and
shutdown condition. Setting of this protection shall be higher than unbalance differential current in
full load and rated frequency condition,
Where:
I unb is the unbalance differential current in full load and rated frequency condition.
3. [V_StaROV_StShut_Gen]
This is the residual voltage setting of stator earth fault protection in startup and shutdown
condition.
For earth fault, residual voltage derived from neutral point is adopted as criterion with setting 10 V
in general.
4. [t_StaROV_StShut_Gen]
This is the delay of stator earth fault protection in startup and shutdown condition. It should be not
shorter than delay of fundamental residual voltage earth fault protection for stator.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenStShutProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [I_OC_AccEnerg_Gen]
Current setting shall be 50% of minimum accidental closing current (generator terminal side)
during process of generator starting up but having not been excited. If accidental closing current of
circuit breaker on auxiliary transformer side shall be taken into account, current setting shall base
on minimum accidental closing current during this condition. The current used for this setting is
derived from the CT at the terminal of generator.
In general, this setting shall be in excess of 1.3 times of rated current of generator.
2. [I_NegOC_Flash_CB_HVS_Tr]
This setting shall be higher than possible unbalance current during normal operation. It must be
set according to the secondary current of the CT at the HV side of main transformer.
3. [TrpLog_Flash11_CB_HVS_Tr]
This is the tripping output logic setting of breaker flashover protection with time delay 1.
If impulse current may be higher than capacity of circuit breaker during asynchronous closing, the
protection shall shut off the excitation firstly. If current passing through circuit breaker is lower than
permissive value, the protection can trip the circuit breaker on outlet.
Permissive tripping current of circuit breaker shall be configured as that provided by factory.
4. [En_CB_Ctrl_AccEnerg_Gen]
This is the setting to enable or disable breaker position auxiliary contact blocking function.
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> GenAccEnergProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [I_BFP_GCB]
This is phase current setting of generator breaker failure protection. It should be larger than rated
current of generator.
K rel
I op I gn Equation 7.4-40
K r na
Where:
na is CT ratio.
2. [I_NegOC_BFP_GCB]
This is the negative-sequence current setting of generator breaker failure protection. It should be
larger than maximum unbalance negative sequence current under normal operating condition.
I gn
I 2 op (0.1 ~ 0.2) Equation 7.4-41
na
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> GenProt Settings -> BfgGCBProt Settings
Setting List
Setting Explanation
1. [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Exc]
This is the setting of pickup value of percentage differential current of excitation transformer or
exciter. In practice, for excitation transformer, characteristic of CT on two sides may differ
significantly and the unbalance differential current may be larger than that of main transformer. So
for pickup setting, larger than 0.5 Ie is recommended.
2. [I_AlmDiff_Exc]
This is the differential current alarm setting of excitation transformer or exciter. It shall be higher
than normal unbalance differential current and lower than [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Exc].
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> ExcProt Settings -> ExcDiffProt Settings
Setting List
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> ExcProt Settings -> ExcBakProt Settings
Note!
The current used in the overcurrent protection is derived from the CT at the HV side of
excitation transformer or the CT at the neutral point of exciter.
Setting list
Setting Explanation
1. [I_Alm_OvLd_RotWdg]
It should make inverse time overload protection dropoff reliably under normal rated excitation
current. If the protection is configured at AC side, the current setting will be (rated excitation
current I fd should be converted into RMS value of AC side, if bridge-type uncontrollable rectifier
I grn
I op K rel Equation 7.4-42
Kr
Where:
2. [I_InvOvLd_RotWdg]
Pickup current of inverse time overload protection. It should coordinate with definite time overload
protection.
I grn
I OP. min K c 0 K rel
Kr
Where:
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> ExcProt Settings -> RotWdgOvLdProt Settings
Setting List
Access Path
Main Menu -> Settings -> MechRlyProt Settings -> MechRlyProt Settings
Parameters List
Access Path
Main Menu -> Measurement -> Measurement2 -> Cal Settings -> Sec Rated Curr Values
Parameters List
Access Path
Main Menu -> Measurement -> Measurement2 -> Cal Settings -> Sec Rated Volt Values
Parameters List
Access Path
Main Menu -> Measurement -> Measurement2 -> Cal Settings -> Diff Corr Coef
Table of Contents
8 Human Machine Interface .............................................................. 8-a
8.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1.1 Keypad Operation ................................................................................................................ 8-2
List of Figures
Figure 8.1-1 Front panel .............................................................................................................. 8-1
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel .................................. 8-4
Figure 8.1-5 Rear view and terminal definition of NR1102C ................................................... 8-5
List of Tables
Table 8.1-1 Definition of the 8-core cable ................................................................................. 8-4
The operator can access the protective device from the front panel. Local communication with the
protective device is possible using a computer via a multiplex RJ45 port on the front panel.
Furthermore, remote communication is also possible using a PC with the substation automation
system via rear RS485 port or rear Ethernet port. The operator is able to check the protective
device status at any time.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), and give operator an instruction about
how to display or print event report, setting and so on through HMI menu tree and display metering
value, including R.M.S. current, voltage, etc. through LCD. Procedures to change active setting
group or a settable parameter value through keypad are also described in details.
8.1 Overview
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication to be as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your
attention to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report displayed on the
LCD. Operator can locate the data of interest by navigating the keypad.
5
1 11 PCS-985
2 12
GENERATOR RELAY
3 13
4 14
P
GR
5 15
6 16 ENT
C
7 17
ES
8 18
9 19
1 3
10 20
4
GR
P
ENT
ESC
1. ESC:
2. ENT:
3. GRP
Page up/down
HEALTHY
ALARM
TRIP
VT ALARM
CT ALARM
STA EF ALARM
ROT EF ALARM
Steady Green Lit when the equipment is in service and ready for operation.
Note!
HEALTHY LED can only be turned on by energizing the device and no abnormality
detected.
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel
P1: To connect the multiplex RJ45 port. An 8-core cable is applied here.
The definition of the 8-core cable in the above figure is introduced in the following table.
The Ethernet port can be used to communication with PC via auxiliary software (PCS-PC) after
connecting the protection device with PC, so as to fulfill on-line function (please refer to the
instruction manual of PCS-PC). At first, the connection between the protection device and PC
must be established. Through setting the IP address and subnet mask of corresponding Ethernet
interface in the menu SettingsDevice SetupComm Settings, it should be ensured that the
protection device and PC are in the same network segment. For example, setting the IP address
and subnet mask of network A. (using network A to connect with PC)
The IP address and subnet mask of protection device should be [IP_LAN1]= 198.87.96.XXX,
[Mask_LAN1]=255.255.255.0, [En_LAN1]=1. (XXX can be any value from 0 to 255 except 102)
If the logic setting [En_LAN1] is non-available, it means that network A is always enabled.
NR1102C
ETHERNET
Network A
Network B
SYN+
SYN-
SGND
RTS
TXD
SGND
Note!
If using other Ethernet port, for example, Ethernet B, the logic setting [En_LAN2] must be
set as 1.
Press to enter the main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
MainMenu
Language
Clock
Quick Menu
For the first powered protective device, there is no record in quick menu. Press to enter the
main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
Measurements
Status
Records
Print
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
The descriptions about menu is based on the maximized configuration, for a specific project, if
some function is not available, the corresponding submenu will hidden.
Main Menu
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
Under the main interface, press to enter the main menu, and select submenu by pressing ,
and ENT. The command menu adopts a tree shaped content structure. The above diagram
provides the integral structure and all main menus under menu tree of the protection device.
8.2.3.1 Measurements
Main Menu
Measurements
Measurements1
Gen Values1
Exc Values1
Measurements2
Gen Values2
Exc Values2
Phase Angle
Prot Status
Cal Settings
This menu is used to display real-time measured values, including AC voltage, AC current, phase
angle and calculated quantities. These data can help users to acquaint the devices status. This
menu comprises following submenus. Please refer to Chapter 5 about the detailed measured
values.
3 Exc Prot CalValues Display calculated values related to excitation transformer or exciter
1 Sec Rated Curr Values Display calculated settings of secondary rated current
2 Sec Rated Volt Values Display calculated settings of secondary rated voltage
8.2.3.2 Status
Main Menu
Status
Prot BI
Gen Prot BI
Exc Prot BI
MR Prot BI
Misc BI
Pwr Superv BI
Outputs
Contact Outputs
Prot FD
This menu is used to display real time input signals and output signals of the device. These data
can help users to acquaint the devices status. This menu comprises following submenus. Please
refer to section 5.3 about the detailed input and output signals.
2 Exc Prot BI Display states of binary inputs related to excitation transformer or exciter
8.2.3.3 Records
Main Menu
Records
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Device Logs
This menu is used to display all kinds of records, including the disturbance records, supervision
events, binary events and device logs, so that the operator can load to view and use as the
reference of analyzing accidents and repairing the device. All records are stored in non-volatile
memory, it can still record them even if it loses its power.
8.2.3.4 Print
Main Menu
Device Info
Settings
General Settings
GenProt Settings
ExcProt Settings
MiscProt Settings
Logic Links
Device Setup
All Settings
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Device Status
Waveforms
IEC103 Info
Cancel Print
This menu is used to print device description, settings, all kinds of records, waveform, and
information related to IEC60870-5-103 protocol.
Print device setup, general settings, logic links and protection settings. It
2 Settings can print by different classifications as well as printing all settings of the
device. Besides, it can also print the latest modified settings.
Print the current state of the device, including the sampled value of
6 Device Status
voltage and current, the state of binary inputs, setting and so on
Print all settings including device setup, system settings and protection
7 All Settings
settings
8.2.3.5 Settings
Main Menu
Settings
General Settings
GenProt Settings
ExcProt Settings
MiscProt Settings
Logic Links
Device Setup
Copy Settings
This menu is used to check the device setup, general settings, logic links and protection settings,
as well as modifying any of the above setting items. Moreover, it can also execute the setting copy
between different setting groups.
4 StaEFProt Settings Check or modify settings of earth fault protection of stator windings
14 StShutProt Settings Check or modify settings of startup and shutdown protection of generator
Main Menu
Local Cmd
Reset Target
Trig Oscillograph
Download
This menu is used to reset the tripping relay with latch, indicator LED, LCD display, and as same
as the resetting function of binary inputs. This menu provides a method of manually recording the
current waveform data of the device under normal condition for printing and uploading SAS.
Besides, it can send out the request of program download.
1 Reset Target Reset the local signal, indicator LED, LCD display and so on
8.2.3.7 Information
Main Menu
Information
Version Info
Board Info
In this menu, the LCD displays software information of all kinds of intelligent plug-in modules,
which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and management sequence
number. Besides, plug-in module information can also be viewed.
Display software information of DSP module, MON module and HMI module,
1 Version Info which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and
management sequence number.
2 Board Info Monitor the current working state of each intelligent module.
8.2.3.8 Test
Main Menu
Test
DC Zero Adjust
DC Zero Adjust
8.2.3.9 Clock
The current time of internal clock can be viewed here. The time is displayed in the form
YY-MM-DD and hh:mm:ss. All values are presented with digits and can be modified.
8.2.3.10 Language
Under normal condition, the LCD will display the following. The LCD adopts white color as its
backlight that is activated if once there is any keyboard operation, and is extinguished
automatically after 60 seconds of no operation.
0.00A
DIF: 0.00Ie
0.00A DIE: 0.00Ie
0.00V
The content displayed on the screen contains: the current date and time of the protection device
(with a format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:), the active setting group number, the three-phase
current sampling value, the neutral current sampling value, the three-phase voltage sampling
value, the neutral voltage sampling value, the synchronism voltage sampling value, line frequency
and the address relevant to IP address of Ethernet A. If all the sampling values of the voltage and
the current cant be fully displayed within one screen, they will be scrolling-displayed automatically
from the top to the bottom.
If the device has detected any abnormal state, it will display the self-check alarm information.
For the situation that the disturbance records and the supervision events coexist, the upper half
part is the disturbance record, and the lower half part is the supervision event. As to the upper half
part, it displays separately the record number of the disturbance record, fault name, generating
time of the disturbance record (with a format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), protection element and
tripping element. If there is protection element operation, faulty phase and relative operation time
with reference to fault detector element are displayed. At the same time, if displayed rows of
protection element and tripping element are more than 3, a scroll bar will appear at the right. The
height of the black part of the scroll bar basically indicates the total lines of protection element and
tripping element, and its position suggests the position of the currently displayed line of the total
lines. The scroll bar of protection element and tripping element will roll up at the speed of one line
per time. When it rolls to the last three lines, it will roll from the earliest protection element and
tripping element again. The displayed content of the lower half part is similar to that of the upper
half part.
If the device has no the supervision event, the display interface will only show the disturbance
record.
If the device has the supervision event, the display interface will show the disturbance record and
the supervision event at the same time.
Disturb Records NO.2 shows the title and SOE number of the disturbance record.
2011-06-25 07:10:00:200 shows the time when fault detector picks up, the format is
yearmonth-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond.
0ms FD_BFP_GCB shows fault detector element and its operating time (set as 0ms
fixedly).
24ms Op_BFP_GCB shows operation element and its relative operation time
Alm_BI 0 1
Superv Events NO.4 shows the SOE number and title of the supervision event
2011-06-25 09:18:47:500 shows the real time of the report: yearmonth-date and
hour:minute:second:millisecond
IO Events NO.4
2011-06-25 09:18:47:500ms
BI_Pwr_Superv 0 1
IO Events NO.4 shows the number and title of the binary event
2011-06-25 09:18:47:500 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
yearmonth-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
BI_Pwr_Superv 01 shows the state change of binary input, including binary input
name, original state and final state
Device Logs NO. 4 shows the title and the number of the device log
2011-06-25 10:18:47:569 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
yearmonth-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
It will be displayed on the LCD before the fault report and self-check report are confirmed. Only
pressing the restore button on the protection screen or pressing both ENT and ESC at the
same time can switch among the fault report, the self-check report and the normal running state of
protection device to display it. The binary input change report will be displayed for 5s and then it
will return to the previous display interface automatically.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Measurements menu, and then press
the ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
4. Press the or to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most);
6. Press the ENT or ESC to exit this menu (returning to the Measurements menu);
2. Press the key or to move the cursor to the Status menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu.
3. Press the key or to move the cursor to any command menu item, and then press
the key ENT to enter the submenu.
4. Press the or to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most).
6. Press the key ENT or ESC to exit this menu (returning to the Status menu).
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Records menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
7. Press the ENT or ESC to exit this menu (returning to the Records menu);
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Print menu, and then press the ENT or
to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
Selecting the Disturb Records, and then press the or to select pervious
or next record. After pressing the key ENT, the LCD will display Start Printing... ,
and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu Print). If the printer
doesnt complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and the LCD will
display Printer Busy. Press the key ESC to exit this menu (returning to the
menu Print).
Selecting the command menu Superv Events or IO Events, and then press the
key or to move the cursor. Press the or to select the starting and
ending numbers of printing message. After pressing the key ENT, the LCD will
display Start Printing, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the
menu Print). Press the key ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu Print).
4. If selecting the command menu Device Info, Device Status or IEC103 Info, press
the key ENT, the LCD will display Start printing.., and then automatically exit this menu
5. If selecting the Settings, press the key ENT or to enter the next level of menu.
6. After entering the submenu Settings, press the key or to move the cursor, and
then press the key ENT to print the corresponding default value. If selecting any item to
printing:
Press the key or to select the setting group to be printed. After pressing the key
ENT, the LCD will display Start Printing, and then automatically exit this menu
(returning to the menu Settings). Press the key ESC to exit this menu (returning to the
menu Settings).
7. After entering the submenu Waveforms, press the or to select the waveform
item to be printed and press ENT to enter. If there is no any waveform data, the LCD will
display No Waveform Data! (Before executing the command menu Waveforms, it is
necessary to execute the command menu Trig Oscillograph in the menu Local Cmd,
otherwise the LCD will display No Waveform Data!). With waveform data existing:
Press the key or to select pervious or next record. After pressing the key ENT, the LCD
will display Start Printing, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
Waveforms). If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and
the LCD will display Printer Busy. Press the key ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu
Waveforms).
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Settings menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
7. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu Settings).
Note!
If the displayed information exceeds 14 lines, the scroll bar will appear on the right side of
the LCD to indicate the quantity of all displayed information of the command menu and the
relative location of information where the current cursor points at.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Settings menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
6. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu Settings );
7. If selecting the submenu GenProt Settings, and press ENT to enter. After
selecting different command menu, the LCD will display the following interface: (take
GenDiffProt Settings as an example)
GenDiffProt Settings
Active Group: 01
Selected Group: 02
Press the or to modify the value, and then press the ENT to enter it. Move the cursor to
the setting item to be modified, press the ENT to enter.
Take the setting [I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Gen] as an example is selected to modify, then press the ENT
to enter and the LCD will display the following interface. is shown the or to modify the
value and then press the ENT to confirm.
I_Pkp_PcntDiff_Gen
Press the or to modify the value (if the modified value is of multi-bit, press the or
to move the cursor to the digit bit, and then press the or to modify the value), press the
ESC to cancel the modification and return to the displayed interface of the command menu
GenDiffProt Settings. Press the ENT to automatically exit this menu (returning to the
displayed interface of the command menu GenDiffProt Settings).
Move the cursor to continue modifying other setting items. After all setting values are modified,
press the , or ESC, and the LCD will display Save or Not?. Directly press the ESC or
press the or to move the cursor. Select the Cancel, and then press the ENT to
automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command menu
GenDiffProt Settings).
Press the or to move the cursor. Select No and press the ENT, all modified setting item
will restore to its original value, exit this menu (returning to the menu GenProt Settings).
Press the or to move the cursor to select Yes, and then press the ENT, the LCD will
display password input interface.
Password:
____
Note!
For different setting items, their displayed interfaces are different but their modification
methods are the same.
Note!
After modifying protection settings in current active setting group or system settings of the
device, the HEALTHY indicator lamp of the device will go out, and the device will
automatically restart and re-check them. If the check doesnt pass, the device will be
blocked.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Settings menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to the command menu Copy Settings, and
then press the ENT to enter the menu.
Copy Settings
Active Group: 01
Copy To Group: 02
Press the or to modify the value. Press the ESC, and return to the menu Settings.
Press the ENT, the LCD will display the interface for password input, if the password is incorrect,
continue inputting it, press the ESC to exit the password input interface and return to the menu
Settings. If the password is correct, the LCD will display copy setting OK!, and exit this menu
(returning to the menu Settings).
Active Group: 01
Change To Group: 02
Press the or to modify the value, and then press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to
the main menu). After pressing the ENT, the LCD will display the password input interface. If the
password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the ESC to exit the password input
interface and return to its original state. If the password is correct, the HEALTHY indicator lamp
of the protection device will go out, and the protection device will re-check the protection setting. If
the check doesnt pass, the protection device will be blocked. If the check is successful, the LCD
will return to its original state.
2. Press the , , , and ENT; Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to
the original state). Press the ENT to carry out the deletion.
Note!
The operation of deleting device message will delete all messages saved by the protection
device, including disturbance records, supervision events, binary events, but not including
device logs. Furthermore, the message is irrecoverable after deletion, so the application of
the function shall be cautious.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Clock menu, and then press the ENT
to enter clock display
4. Press the + or - to modify value, and then press the ENT to save the modification
and return to the main menu;
5. Press the ESC to cancel the modification and return to the main menu.
Clock
Year 2008
Month 11
Day 28
Hour 20
Minute 59
Second 14
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Information menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to the command menu Board Info, and then
press the ENT to enter the menu;
5. Press the ENT or ESC to exit this menu (returning to the Information menu).
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the Information menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the submenu.
3. Press the key or to move the cursor to the command menu Version Info, and
then press the key ENT to display the software version.
2. Press the key or to move the cursor to the command menu Language, and
then press the key ENT to enter the menu and the following display will be shown on
LCD.
1
2 English
3. Press the key or to move the cursor to the language user preferred and press
the key ENT to execute language switching. After language switching is finished, LCD
will return to the menu Language, and the display language is changed. Otherwise,
press the key ESC to cancel language switching and return to the menu Language.
Note!
LCD interface provided in this chapter is only a reference and available for explaining
specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual device may be some
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.
9 Communication
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 9.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance ............................. 9-9
Figure 9.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance ........................ 9-10
Figure 9.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances ...................... 9-11
9.1 Overview
This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR equipment. The protective
device supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or
Ethernet), selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective
device is indicated in the menu SettingsDevice SetupComm Settings. Using the keypad
and LCD, set the parameter [Protocol_RS485A] and [Protocol_RS485B], the corresponding
protocol will be selected.
The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be daisy chained together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the products connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.
The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120 (Ohm) Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 9.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.
EIA RS-485
Master 120 Ohm
120 Ohm
The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable that
is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies. Loop
bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it also.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length
must not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end,
normally at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially
when the cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the products chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
9.2.1.4 Biasing
It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur when
all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit
mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high
impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to miss
the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the message
and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due to retries),
increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete failure to
communicate.
Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.
NOTE!
It is extremely important that the 120 termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so
will result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the
bus.
As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume
responsibility for any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as
a result of incorrect application of this voltage.
Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic
inputs) as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.
It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.
Each device is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a star
structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is also
connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment which
has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.
SCADA
Switch: Net A
Switch: Net B
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings of the protective
device must be configured. To do this use the keypad and LCD user interface. In the menu
SettingsDevice SetupComm Settings, set the parameters [Protocol_RS485A],
[Protocol_RS485B], [Baud_RS485A] and [Baud_RS485B]. For using the Ethernet port with
IEC60870-5-103 communication, the IP address and submask of each Ethernet port can be set in
the same submenu. Please refer to the corresponding section in Chapter Settings for further
details.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.
Initialization (reset)
Time synchronization
General interrogation
General functions
Disturbance records
The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.
9.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.
The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.
If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.
Please print the IEC103 information by the menu Print->IEC103 Info for each specific project.
Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.
The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted by using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.
IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment -
Principles and models
IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment
Common data classes
IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment
Compatible logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link
IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
1. MMS protocol
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to actual MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
2. Client/server
Please note that gateways can be considered as clients and servers subject to the communication
object. When retrieving data from IEDs within the substation, the gateways are considered as
servers whereas transmitting data to control centers, the gateways are considered as clients.
3. Peer-to-peer
A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED configurations and
communication systems according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has
an IED Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The
substation single line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The
entire substation configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The
SCD file is the combination of the following items: individual ICD files, SSD file, communication
system parameters (MMS, GOOSE control block, SV control block), as well as GOOSE/SV
connection relationship amongst IEDs.
Client-server mode is adopted: clients (SCADA, control center and etc.) communicate with the
IEDs via MMS communication network, and the IEDs operate as the servers. IEDs are connected
to clients passively, and they can interact with the clients according to the configuration and the
issued command of the clients.
Three modes for dual-MMS Ethernet (abbreviated as dual-net) are provided as below.
Note! Hereinafter, the normal operation status of net means the physical link and TCP
link are both ok. The abnormal operation status of net means physical link or TCP link is
broken.
1) Mode 1: Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the same RCB instance
Client Client
TCP Link
MMS Link
Figure 9.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance
Net A and Net B share the same report control block (abbreviated as RCB) enabled by the client.
IED sends undifferentiated date through dual-net to the clients. If one net is physically
disconnected, the flag of RCB instance (i.e.: RptEna in above figure) is still true. Only when
both Net A and Net B are disconnected, the flag of the RCB instance will automatically change to
false.
In normal operation status of mode 1, IED provides the same MMS service for Net A and Net B. If
one net is physically disconnected (i.e.: Abnormal operation status in above figure), the working
mode will switch to single-net mode seamlessly and immediately. Network communication
supervision is unnecessary here, and Buffered Report Control Block (abbreviated as BRCB) need
not to be used. On the other net, date alternation works normally. Therefore, MMS service can
interact normally without interruption. This mode ensures no data loss during one net is in
abnormal operation status.
In mode 1, one report will be transmitted twice via dual nets for the same report instance, so the
client needs to distinguish whether two reports are same according to corresponding EntryIDs.
Client Client
TCP Link
Figure 9.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance
In mode 2, the MMS service is provided on main MMS link, no MMS service interacts on the
standby MMS link. The definitions of two links are as follows:
Main MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service available.
Standby MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service not
available.
If the main net fails to operate (i.e.: Abnormal operation status in the above figure), the IED will
set RptEna to false. Meanwhile the client will detect the failure by heartbeat message or
keep-alive, it will automatically enable the RCB instance by setting RptEna back to true
through standby MMS link. By the buffer function of BRCB, the IED can provide uninterrupted
MMS service on the standby net. However, the differences of BRCB standards among different
manufacturers may cause data loss. Moreover, if duration of net switch is too long, the data loss is
positively as the capacity of BRCBs buffer function is limited.
Note! In mode 1 and mode 2, Net A IED host address and Net B IED host address must be
the same. E.g.: if the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0, network prefix of Net A is 198.120.0.0,
network prefix of Net B is 198.121.0.0, Net A IP address of the IED is 198.120.1.2, and
then Net B IP address of the IED must be configured as 198.121.1.2, i.e.: Net A IED host
address =1x256+2=258, Net B IED host address =1x256+2=258, Net A IED host address
equals to Net B IED host address.
Client Client
TCP Link
MMS Link
Figure 9.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances
In mode 3, IED provides 2 report instances for each RCB, Net A and Net B work independently
from each other, failures of one net will not affect the other net at all.
In this mode, 2 report instances are required for each client. Therefore, the IED may be unable to
provide enough report instances if there are too many clients.
Net A and Net B send the same report separately when they operates normally, To ensure no
repeated data is saved into database, massive calculation is required for the client.
Moreover, accurate clock synchronization of the IED is required to distinguish whether 2 reports
are the same report according to the timestamps. Clock synchronization error of the IED may lead
to report loss/redundancy.
As a conclusion:
In mode 3, the IED may be unable to provide enough report instances if too many clients are
applied on site.
For the consideration of client treatment and IED implementation, mode 1 (Dual-net full duplex
mode sharing the same report instance) is recommended for MMS communication network
deployment.
Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains common
information about the IED logical device.
The GGIO logical node is available in the PCS-985G series relays to provide access to digital
status points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality
flags. The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital
status points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital
status values from the PCS-985G series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered
reporting features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI
display screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering
capability reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are
transmitted to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control
block (BRCB) is defined in LLN0.
Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the others in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from an IED current/voltage source. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides
data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:
MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency
The following list describes the protection elements for all PCS-985G relays. The specified relay
PTUC: Undercurrent
PTOC: Phase overcurrent, zero-sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when VT circuit failure
PTUV: Undervoltage
PTOF: Overfrequency
PTUF: Underfrequency
RBRF:Breaker failure
RSYN: Synchronism-check
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags PTRC.ST.Str.general. The operate flag for PTOC1 is PTOC1.ST.Op.general. For the
PCS-985G relays protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for the
corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is reported
via BRCB, and it also locates in LLN0.
Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings, system settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
PCS-985G relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:
MMXU: This LN shall be used to acquire values from CTs and VTs and calculate measurands
such as r.m.s. values for current and voltage or power flows out of the acquired voltage and
current samples. These values are normally used for operational purposes such as power flow
supervision and management, screen displays, state estimation, etc. The requested accuracy for
these functions has to be provided.
LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the operate outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common trip to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or alternatively,
any combination of operate outputs of protection functions may be combined to a new operate
of PTRC.
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System (IEC
60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the trigger mode.
IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.
TrgOps: Trigger options. The following bits are supported by the PCS-985G relays:
Bit 1: Data-change
Bit 4: Integrity
OptFlds: Option Fields. The following bits are supported by the PCS-985G relays:
Bit 1: Sequence-number
Bit 2: Report-time-stamp
Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion
Bit 4: Data-set-name
Bit 5: Data-reference
Bit 8: Conf-revision
Bit 9: Segmentation
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a PCS-985G device.
9.4.5.3 Timestamps
The Universal Time Coordinated (UTC for short) timestamp associated with all IEC61850 data
items represents the latest change time of either the value or quality flags of the data item
IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.
IEC61850 specifies the type of broadcast data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also function as servers. Each GOOSE
publisher contains a GOOSE control block to configure and control the transmission.
The GOOSE transmission (including subscribing and publishing) is controlled by GOOSE logic link
settings in device.
The PCS-985G relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE)
communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this
dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between PCS-985G relays.
IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.
Client-Server Roles
SCSMS Supported
Where:
C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
M: Mandatory
M7-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M7-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M7-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M7-6 buffer-overflow Y Y N
M7-7 entryID Y Y Y
M7-8 BufTm N N N
M7-9 IntgPd Y Y Y
M7-10 GI Y Y Y
M8 Unbuffered report control M M Y
M8-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M8-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M8-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M8-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M8-6 BufTm N N N
M8-7 IntgPd N Y Y
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O Y
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y
Where:
C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared
C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
Server
S1 ServerDirectory M Y
Application association
S2 Associate M Y
S3 Abort M Y
S4 Release M Y
Logical device
S5 LogicalDeviceDirectory M Y
Logical node
S6 LogicalNodeDirectory M Y
S7 GetAllDataValues M Y
Data
S8 GetDataValues M Y
S9 SetDataValues M Y
S10 GetDataDirectory M Y
S11 GetDataDefinition M Y
Data set
S12 GetDataSetValues M Y
S13 SetDataSetValues O
S14 CreateDataSet O
S15 DeleteDataSet O
S16 GetDataSetDirectory M Y
Substitution
S17 SetDataValues M Y
Reporting
S24 Report M Y
S24-1 data-change M Y
S24-2 qchg-change M Y
S24-3 data-update M Y
S25 GetBRCBValues M Y
S26 SetBRCBValues M Y
S27 Report M Y
S27-1 data-change M Y
S27-2 qchg-change M Y
S27-3 data-update M Y
S28 GetURCBValues M Y
S29 SetURCBValues M Y
Logging
S30 GetLCBValues O
S31 SetLCBValues O
Log
S32 QueryLogByTime O
S33 QueryLogAfter O
S34 GetLogStatusValues O
S35 SendGOOSEMessage M Y
S36 GetGoReference O
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O Y
S38 GetGoCBValues M Y
S39 SetGoCBValuess M Y
Control
S51 Select O
S52 SelectWithValue M Y
S53 Cancel M Y
S54 Operate M Y
S55 Command-Termination O Y
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O
File transfer
S58 SetFile O Y
S59 DeleteFile O
Time
SNTP M Y
The PCS-985G relay supports IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table. Note
that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.
Nodes PCS-985G
L: System Logical Nodes
LPHD: Physical device information YES
LLN0: Logical node zero YES
P: Logical Nodes For Protection Functions
PDIF: Differential
PDIR: Direction comparison
PDIS: Distance
PDOP: Directional overpower
PDUP: Directional underpower
PFRC: Rate of change of frequency
PHAR: Harmonic restraint
PHIZ: Ground detector
PIOC: Instantaneous overcurrent
PMRI: Motor restart inhibition
PMSS: Motor starting time supervision
POPF: Over power factor
PPAM: Phase angle measuring
PSCH: Protection scheme YES
PSDE: Sensitive directional earth fault
PTEF: Transient earth fault
PTOC: Time overcurrent
PTOF: Overfrequency
PTOV: Overvoltage
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning
PTTR: Thermal overload
PTUC: Undercurrent
PTUV: Undervoltage
PUPF: Underpower factor
PTUF: Underfrequency
PVOC: Voltage controlled time overcurrent
PVPH: Volts per Hz
PZSU: Zero speed or underspeed
R: Logical Nodes For Protection Related Functions
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function YES
RADR: Disturbance recorder channel analogue
RBDR: Disturbance recorder channel binary
RDRS: Disturbance record handling
RBRF: Breaker failure
RDIR: Directional element
RFLO: Fault locator
RPSB: Power swing detection/blocking
RREC: Autoreclosing
RSYN: Synchronism-check or synchronizing
C: Logical Nodes For Control
CALH: Alarm handling
CCGR: Cooling group control
CILO: Interlocking
CPOW: Point-on-wave switching
CSWI: Switch controller
G: Logical Nodes For Generic References
GAPC: Generic automatic process control YES
GGIO: Generic process I/O YES
GSAL: Generic security application
I: Logical Nodes For Interfacing And Archiving
IARC: Archiving
IHMI: Human machine interface
ITCI: Telecontrol interface
ITMI: Telemonitoring interface
A: Logical Nodes For Automatic Control
ANCR: Neutral current regulator
ARCO: Reactive power control
ATCC: Automatic tap changer controller
AVCO: Voltage control
M: Logical Nodes For Metering And Measurement
MDIF: Differential measurements
MHAI: Harmonics or interharmonics
MHAN: Non phase related harmonics or interharmonic
MMTR: Metering
MMXN: Non phase related measurement
MMXU: Measurement YES
9.5.1 Overview
The descriptions given here are intended to accompany this relay. The DNP3.0 protocol is not
described here; please refer to the DNP3.0 protocol standard for the details about the DNP3.0
implementation. This manual only specifies which objects, variations and qualifiers are supported
in this relay, and also specifies what data is available from this relay via DNP3.0.
The relay operates as a DNP3.0 slave and supports subset level 2 of the protocol, plus some of
the features from level 3. The DNP3.0 communication uses the Ethernet ports at the rear of this
relay.
1. Supported qualifiers
The protection operation signals, alarm signals and binary input state change signals are
transported respectively according to the variation sequence in above table.
Object 2, SOE
If the master qualifier is 0x07, the slave responsive qualifier is 0x27; and if the master
qualifier is 0x01, 0x06 or 0x08, the slave responsive qualifier is 0x28.
The measurement values are transported firstly, and then the relay measurement values are
transported.
The master adopts the Object 60 for the Class 0 data request and the variation is 0x01.
The slave responds with the above mentioned Object 1, Object 30 and Object 40 (see
Supported objects and variations in Section 9.5.4.3).
The master adopts the Object 60 for the Class 1 data request and the variation is 0x02.
The slave responds with the above mentioned Object 2 (see Supported objects and
variations in Section 9.5.4.3).
The master adopts the Object 60 for the multiple object request and the variation is 0x01,
0x02, 0x03 and 0x04.
The slave responds with the above mentioned Object 1, Object 2, Object 30 and Object 40
see Supported objects and variations in Section 9.5.4.3.
10 Installation
Table of Contents
10 Installation ................................................................................... 10-a
10.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Safety Information....................................................................................... 10-1
10.3 Checking Shipment..................................................................................... 10-2
10.4 Material and Tools Required ...................................................................... 10-2
10.5 Device Location and Ambient Conditions ................................................ 10-2
10.6 Mechanical Installation ............................................................................... 10-3
10.7 Electrical Installation and Wiring ............................................................... 10-4
10.7.1 Grounding Guidelines ...................................................................................................... 10-4
List of Figures
Figure 10.6-1 Dimensions of PCS-985G.................................................................................. 10-3
Figure 10.6-2 Demonstration of plugging a board into its corresponding slot .................. 10-4
Figure 10.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables ................................... 10-7
10.1 Overview
The device must be shipped, stored and installed with the greatest care.
Choose the place of installation such that the communication interface and the controls on the
front of the device are easily accessible.
Air must circulate freely around the equipment. Observe all the requirements regarding place of
installation and ambient conditions given in this instruction manual.
Take care that the external wiring is properly brought into the equipment and terminated correctly
and pay special attention to grounding. Strictly observe the corresponding guidelines contained in
this section.
In certain cases, the settings have to be configured according to the demands of the engineering
configuration after replacement. It is therefore assumed that the personnel who replace modules
and units are familiar with the use of the operator program on the service PC.
DANGER! Only insert or withdraw the PWR module while the power supply is switched
off. To this end, disconnect the power supply cable that connects with the PWR module.
WARNING! Only insert or withdraw other modules while the power supply is switched off.
WARNING! The modules may only be inserted in the slots designated in Section 6.2.
WARNING! Industry packs and ribbon cables may only be replaced or the positions of
Should boards have to be removed from this relay installed in a grounded cubicle in an HV
switchgear installation, please discharge yourself by touching station ground (the cubicle)
beforehand.
Only hold electronic boards at the edges, taking care not to touch the components.
Only works on boards that have been removed from the cubicle on a workbench designed for
electronic equipment and wear a grounded wristband. Do not wear a grounded wristband,
however, while inserting or withdrawing units.
Always store and ship the electronic boards in their original packing. Place electronic parts in
electrostatic screened packing materials.
Visually inspect all the material when unpacking it. When there is evidence of transport damage,
lodge a claim immediately in writing with the last carrier and notify the nearest NR Company or
agent.
If the equipment is not going to be installed immediately, store all the parts in their original packing
in a clean dry place at a moderate temperature. The humidity at a maximum temperature and the
permissible storage temperature range in dry air are listed in Chapter Technical Data.
A suitable drill and spanners are required to secure the cubicles to the floor using the plugs
provided (if this relay is mounted in cubicles).
There should also be free access at the rear of the equipment for additions and replacement of
electronic boards.
Since every piece of technical equipment can be damaged or destroyed by inadmissible ambient
conditions, such as:
1. The location should not be exposed to excessive air pollution (dust, aggressive substances).
2. Severe vibration, extreme changes of temperature, high levels of humidity, surge voltages of
high amplitude and short rise time and strong induced magnetic fields should be avoided as
far as possible.
The equipment can in principle be mounted in any attitude, but it is normally mounted vertically
(visibility of markings).
WARNING! Excessively high temperature can appreciably reduce the operating life of
this relay.
482.6 (290)
465
101.6
354.8
76.2
101.6
4650.2
+0.4
451-0
8-6.8
76.20.1 101.60.1
+0.4
356.8 -0
101.60.1
NOTE! It is necessary to leave enough space top and bottom of the cut-out in the cubicle
The safety instructions must be abided by when installing the boards, please see Section 10.2 for
the details.
Following figure shows the installation way of a module being plugged into a corresponding slot.
In the case of equipment supplied in cubicles, place the cubicles on the foundations that have
been prepared. Take care while doing so not to jam or otherwise damage any of the cables that
have already been installed. Secure the cubicles to the foundations.
On the other hand, electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of
other apparatus.
In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.
NOTE! All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.
Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.
NOTE! If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts
of it forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission
of interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced
interference.
Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (see Figure 10.7-1).
The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.
NOTE! For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials
The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).
Door or hinged
equipment frame
Cubicle ground
rail close to floor
Braided
copper strip
Station
ground
Conducting
connection
There are some ground terminals on some connectors of this relay, and the sign is GND. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (see Figure 10.7-2) is the only ground terminal of this device.
The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.
Proper terminations must be fitted to both ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting
them firmly to the items to be connected.
The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.
Press/pinch fit
cable terminal
Braided
copper strip Terminal bolt
Contact surface
Power supply, binary inputs & outputs: brained copper cable, 1.0mm2 ~ 2.5mm2
The following figure shows the glancing demo about the wiring for the electrical cables.
01 02
03 04
Tighten 05 06
07 08
09 10
11 12
01
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Figure 10.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables
DANGER! Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this
equipment to be opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will
produce a dangerously high voltage.
11 Commissioning
Table of Contents
11 Commissioning ........................................................................... 11-a
11.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2 Safety Instructions ....................................................................................... 11-1
11.3 Commission Tools ....................................................................................... 11-2
11.4 Setting Familiarization ................................................................................. 11-2
11.5 Product Checks ............................................................................................ 11-3
11.5.1 With the Relay De-energized ............................................................................................11-3
11.1 Overview
This relay is fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection
functions in software. The relay employs a high degree of self-checking and in the unlikely event of
a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning test does not need to be as
extensive as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
To commission numerical relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning
correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to the relay.
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided at the end of this manual for
completion as required.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
safety and technical data sections and the ratings on the equipments rating label.
WARNING! Hazardous voltages are present in this electrical equipment during operation.
Non-observance of the safety rules can result in severe personal injury or property
damage.
WARNING! Only the qualified personnel shall work on and around this equipment after
becoming thoroughly familiar with all warnings and safety notices of this manual as well
as with the applicable safety regulations.
The earthing screw of the device must be connected solidly to the protective earth conductor
before any other electrical connection is made.
Hazardous voltages can be present on all circuits and components connected to the supply
voltage or to the measuring and test quantities.
Hazardous voltages can be present in the device even after disconnection of the supply
voltage (storage capacitors!)
The limit values stated in the Chapter Technical Data must not be exceeded at all, not even
during testing and commissioning.
When testing the device with secondary test equipment, make sure that no other
measurement quantities are connected. Take also into consideration that the trip circuits and
maybe also close commands to the circuit breakers and other primary switches are
disconnected from the device unless expressly stated.
DANGER! Current transformer secondary circuits must have been short-circuited before
WARNING! Primary test may only be carried out by qualified personnel, who are familiar
with the commissioning of protection system, the operation of the plant and safety rules
and regulations (switching, earthing, etc.).
Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer.
Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0~440V and 0~250V
respectively.
NOTE! Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
Optional equipment:
An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500V (for
insulation resistance test when required).
A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be
tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).
With the front cover in place all keys are accessible. All menu cells can be read. The LED
indicators and alarms can be reset. Protection or configuration settings can be changed, or fault
and event records cleared. However, menu cells will require the appropriate password to be
entered before changes can be made.
These product checks cover all aspects of the relay which should be checked to ensure that it has
not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly and all input quantity
measurements are within the stated tolerances.
If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to commissioning, it is
advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow them restoration later. This could be done
by extracting the settings from the relay itself via printer or manually creating a setting record.
The following tests are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the equipment before it is first
put into service.
Hardware tests
These tests are performed for the following hardware to ensure that there is no hardware
defect. Defects of hardware circuits other than the following can be detected by
self-monitoring when the DC power is supplied.
Function tests
These tests are performed for the following functions that are fully software-based. Tests of
the protection schemes and fault locator require a dynamic test set.
Timers test
Conjunctive tests
The tests are performed after the relay is connected with the primary equipment and other
external equipment.
On load test.
After unpacking the product, check for any damage to the relay case. If there is any damage, the
internal module might also have been affected, contact the vendor. The following items listed is
necessary.
Protection panel
Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts inside to
see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
The rated information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is correct
for the particular installation.
Panel wiring
Check the conducting wire which is used in the panel to assure that their cross section
meeting the requirement.
Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
Label
Check all the isolator binary inputs, terminal blocks, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.
Earthing cable
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator binary inputs and push buttons
work normally and smoothly.
Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:
DC power supply
Output contacts
Communication ports
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this relay, and do the Insulation resistance test for each
circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram.
Ensure as far as practical that phasing/phase rotation appears to be as expected.
Check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customers normal practice.
The relay only can be operated under the auxiliary power supply depending on the relays nominal
power supply rating.
The incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Chapter Technical Data,
before energizing the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it within the operating range.
Other requirements to the auxiliary power supply are specified in Chapter Technical Data. See
this section for further details about the parameters of the power supply.
WARNING! Energize this relay only if the power supply is within the specified operating
The current and voltage transformer connections must remain isolated from the relay for these
checks. The trip circuit should also remain isolated to prevent accidental operation of the
associated circuit breaker.
Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.
If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.
Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item Clock.
In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a battery fitted on CPU board, the time and date will
be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be correct
and not need to set again.
To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.
On power up, the green LED HEALTHY should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the relay is healthy.
The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclose when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.
It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.
Apply the rated DC power supply and check that the HEALTHY LED is lighting in green. We
need to emphasize that the HEALTHY LED is always lighting in operation course except that the
equipment find serious errors in it.
Produce one of the abnormal conditions listed in Chapter Supervision, the ALARM LED will
light in yellow. When abnormal condition reset, the ALARM LED extinguishes.
This test verified that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated current to each current transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is 2.5% or 0.02In. However, an additional allowance
must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
NOTE! The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Three-phase current 1 Ia
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 2 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 3 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current Ib
Ic
This test verified that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated voltage to each voltage transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the relay is 2.5% or 0.1V. However an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
NOTE! The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ua
Three-phase voltage 1 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage 2 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage 3 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage Ub
Uc
This test checks that all the binary inputs on the equipment are functioning correctly.
The binary inputs should be energized one at a time, see external connection diagrams for
terminal numbers.
Ensure that the voltage applied on the binary input must be within the operating range.
The status of each binary input can be viewed using relay menu. Sign 1 denotes an energized
input and sign 0 denotes a de-energized input.
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this protective device, and do the Insulation resistance test
for each circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection.
3) Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start
Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.
After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LEDs has been reset before leaving the protection.
12 Maintenance
Table of Contents
12 Maintenance ................................................................................ 12-a
12.1 Appearance Check ...................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 Failure Tracing and Repair ......................................................................... 12-1
12.3 Replace Failed Modules ............................................................................. 12-1
12.4 Cleaning ....................................................................................................... 12-3
12.5 Storage ......................................................................................................... 12-3
2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the primary
system is live when withdrawing an AC module. Never try to insert or withdraw the relay board
when it is unnecessary.
3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.
When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the Superv Events screen on the LCD.
Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.
Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the CPU module replaced
should have the same software version. In addition, the AI and PWR module replaced should have
the same ratings.
The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu Version Info.
Caution!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
1) Replacing a module
Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs
Warning!
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.
Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.
After replacing the CPU module, input the application-specific setting values again.
Warning!
Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.
Warning!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
Danger!
After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.
12.4 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning. Use a smooth cloth to clean
the front panel. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.
12.5 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-1 the storage temperature should be from -40oC to +70oC, but the temperature of from 0oC
to +40oC is recommended for long-term storage.
Table of Contents
13 Decommissioning and Disposal ................................................ 13-a
13.1 Decommissioning ....................................................................................... 13-1
13.2 Disposal ....................................................................................................... 13-1
13.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off
To switch off the PCS-985G, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the PWR module of the
PCS-985G, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The PCS-985G rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.
Danger!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
13.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
Note!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.