CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION :-

PRINCIPAL OF WORKING
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENT LIST

COMPONENT DETAILS

IC DETAILS

MULTIVIBRATOR
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

PCB FABRICATION

PCB FABRICATION
ART WORK
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

SOFTWARE PROGRAM

SOFTWARE PROGRAM
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
SOFTWARE EXECUTION
WAVEFORM OF OUTPUT

APPLICATION OF PROJECT

FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

Technology is advancing day by day and

we are taking advantage, like railway reservation, money

drawing trough ATM card. But since there are many areas where

technology is not utilized to full extent we decide to shapen our

skill and knowledge by attempting to develop a small system as

project which would monitor the attendance of the employees of

the company. The attendance of any small organization can be

monitored. Why small organization because we intend to make

magnetic card and magnetic card reader and connect them to

parallel port and since parallel port have fixed numbers of pins

then using permutation and combination we have linked number

of employees the number of employees can be unlimited if we

have serial port or micro controller embedded in to parallel port.

The system will not allow unauthorized person to make entry in

to the data base.

 In future we have one card for all operations

both for work place, banks, administration job, paying taxes just

like on identification number is given as roll number to school /

college students.

Te work is going on embedding the identification

lode in to the human body so that he can use the resources of

earth and monitor his misuse of the resources of the society. The

growth is boundary less we are trying to be its part by attempting

two project.
PRINCIPAL OF WORKING
 BLOCK DIAGARM

Block Diagram :

Magnetic Card PC PC
Card Reader Port
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-
DESIGN OF POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT :

The Power is given to the

transformer which steps down the input voltage to 10

times less i.e. 20 V .This low voltage is fed to bridge

rectifier which rectifies the ac waveform to dc wave

form with some ripples .These ripples are filtered

through capacitance filter and is fed to linear

regulator .The output of regulator is further filtered to

produce clean DC Voltage. The different linear

regulator are used to produce different voltages i.e.

+5V.+15V,-5C,-15V.

DESIGN OF SENSOR:

The current transformer is used to sense the load

current and is rectified to produce the dc voltage. The current

transformer is always put in series with load. The input of this

transformer has low windings where as secondary has high

winding .The SWG no of primary is very less and is selected as

per the load current .The SWG of secondary is very high and is

not dependant on load current..

COMPONENT LIST
 COMPONENTS LISTS

S.NO PARTICULARS SPECIFICATIONS QUANTITY

[ POWER SUPPLY ]

1 Diode IN 4007 4
2 Capacitor 220 uF/40 V 1
3 IC Regulator 7805 1
4 Resistors 10 k-ohm 1
5 Transformer 6-0-6/500 m amp 1

[ CIRCUIT DIAGARM ]

1 IC ADC 0804 analogue to 1

2 Digital Convertor
3 IC 555 Timer 2
4 IC Base 8-pin 2
5 IC Base 16-pin 1
6 Resistors 4.7 k ohm/ Watt 2
10 k ohm/ Watt 1
7 Capacitors Ceramic 103 2
Electro. 4.7 uF/63 V 2
8 LED Red colour 1
COMPONENT DETAILS
 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

RESISTORS:

These are current resisting devices . These are made

of carbon , metallic wire wound etc. These are read through
this acronym BBROYGBVGW. This stands for ,Black ,Brown ,
Red, Orange, Yellow ,Green ,Blue , Violet, Gray and ,White
respectively .These colours are printed as lines on the resistor
the first and second colour lines indicate the number
corresponding to colour .The number indicated by the colour
are shown in table below .The third line indicate the number
of zeros ,the fourth line indicate the percentage of tolerance of
the resistor
BLACK 0 YELLOW 4 GRAY 8
BROWN 1 GREEN 5 WHITE 9
RED 2 BLUE 6 Gold 5%
ORANGE 3 VIOLET 7 Silver 10%

e.g.Red ,Red ,Black Gold = 22 +/-5% ;

Red Red Brown = 220 ; Red Red Red = 2200 ; Red Red
Orange = 22K;Red Red Yellow = 220 K ; Red Red Green =
2.2M ;Red Red Yellow = 22 M
 These are available in various wattages like 1/4W ,1/2
W,1 W,2W,5W,10W,20W,50W,100W,200W. In electronics most
common use is up to 5Watt. Higher the wattages bigger the
sizes. The value and wattage of resisters are to be selected as
per the applications. The tolerence in variation of the rated
value is also selected as per the applications. The resisters are
fabricated directly on the IC itself.
DIODES
These devices allows to flow current in only one
direction . These devices are also called unidirectional
devices .Earlier these devices were made of vacuum tubes,
now a days these are semi conductor solid state devices. These
are PN junction devices .The PN means doping of the semi
conductor with positive and negative electronic valence
atoms . The silicon diodes have knee voltage drop of 0.7
volts i.e. forward biased voltage drop whereas germanium
diodes have 0.3 voltage drop. The different diodes are used for
different purposes. The diodes work in forward biased
condition or reverse biased conditions.
These are available with different current rating ,
voltage rating , power rating and are used for different
applications. The diodes of higher wattages are of bigger
sizes. The Symbol of Diode and the ideal curves of diodes
are shown below.
 current

voltage

Current

Forward Region
Break Down Voltage
Voltage
Knee Voltage =0.7V
Reverse Region

Diode Characteristics
Diodes are of different types like Photodiode
,Varactor diode, Schotkey Diode ,PIN diode ,Zener Diode etc.
Zener Diode
Small signal and rectifier diodes are never operated
in the break down region because this may damage them. The
zener diode is made to operate in breakdown region , sometimes
called breakdown diode. The zener diode is the back bone of
voltage regulators ,
 Symbol of Zener Diode
circuits that hold the load voltage almost constant despite large
changes in the line voltage and load resistance.
Light Emitting Diode
In a forward biased diode , free electrons cross the
junction and fall in to holes. As these electrons fall from a
higher to a lower energy level , they radiate energy .In ordinary
diodes this energy goes off in the form of heat .But in the light
emitting diode (LED) the energy radiates as light.LEDs that
radiate red, green, yellow, blue, orange or infrared are
manufactured by using elements like gallium, arsenic, and
phosphorous. LEDs that produce visible radiations are useful
with instruments , calculators etc. The infrared LED finds
application in burglar systems and other areas requiring invisible
radiations. The seven segment displays uses 7 LEDs .

The symbol of LED

TRANSFORMERS:
This are the devices which converts the primary ac
voltage to different secondary ac voltages .If the secondary
voltage is higher then primary voltage then the transformer is
called step up transformer , if the secondary is less then
primary voltage then it is called step down transformer , if
secondary is same as primary voltage then it is called unity
transformer .This unity transformer is also used as isolation
transformer . This devices are highly efficient upto 99.9%. i.e.
very low power loss.
The transformers are required for making dc supply
, tuning circuit etc. The current rating of primary and
secondary winding determines the SWG gauge of the copper
wire.

CAPACITORS

This are the storage devices but has in buit

Resistance thats why the storage voltage does not last for
longer period. The use of capacitor is for tuning the circuit,
filtering the noise to ground, creating the timing pulse as in our
case .The capacitors can not be fabricated on Ics because of the
technical difficulty.
The different values of capacitor that are available
are 1pf,2pf,2.2pf,100pf,200pf,1000pf,0.001uf,
0.01uf,0.1uf,2uf,10uf,22uf,33uf,47uf,56uf, 68uf, 82uf,
100uf,220uf,330uf etc The capacitors are selected based on
capacitance and voltage rating .Higher the voltage higher the
size of the capacitor. These are available in following types
Electrolytic Capacitor
 These capacitors have electrolyte as the dielectric
between the two plates. These are available with polarity + and
-.These are available with vertical mount or horizontal mount
configuration.
Paper Capacitor

These capacitors are available in low range of

capacitance. The paper is used as dieletric media between the
two plates.

Mica Capacitor

These capacitors are also available in low range of

capacitance. The mica is used as dieletric media between the two
plates.

Disc Capacitor
These are available from 1pF to 1ooooUF

RELAYS

These are electromagnetic devices which makes or

breaks the contact as per the control voltage. there are solid
state relays which do not consume much power for their
operation , but are not available in higher current rating . Relays
are being substituted by SCRs also called thyrister for on/off
control
The Power is given to the transformer which steps down the
input voltage to 10 times less i.e. 20 V .This low voltage is fed
to bridge rectifier which rectifies the ac waveform to dc wave
form with some ripples .These ripples are filtered through
capacitance filter and is fed to linear regulator .The output of
regulator is further filtered to produce clean DC VOLTAGE .
IC DETAILS
 MULTIVIBRATORS

Multivibrators are the devices having

different stable states as per the input given to them. There are

three types of Multivibrators.

Bistable Multivibrator

Monostable Multivibrator

Astable Multivibrator

Bistable Multivibrator
 These circuits have two stable

states i.e the output of the circuit will continue to remain in a

stable state till the next trigger is given. These are also calle

FLIP/FLOPS .the output states as per input is shown in the table

of figure no.1

The figure also shows the

schematic symbol of the R-S FLIP.FLOP. The circuit latches in

either of two states ,A high S input sets Q to high R resets Q to

low. Output Q remains in a given state until it is triggered in to

the opposite state.

MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS

Fig.2 is a simplified dia. of the

NE555 timer an 8 pin IC timer, the upper comparator has a

threshold input(pin-6) and a control input(pin-5) .In most

applications,the control input is not used,so thet the control

voltage equal +2 Vcc/3.Whenever the threshold voltage exceeds

the control voltage , the high output from the comparator .

The collector of the discharge transistor goes to

pin 7. When this pin is connected to an an external timing

capacitor, a high Q output from the flip flop will saturate the

transistor and discharge the capacitor. When Q is Low ,The

Transistor opens and the capacitor. When Q is Low , the

transistor opens and the capacitor can charge.

The complementary signal out of the flip

flop goes to pin 3 the output. When the externalreset(Pin4)is

grounded. It inhibits the device (prevents it form working ). This

on/off feature is sometimesuseful.in most

application,however,the external reset is not used . and pin 4 is

tied directly to the supply voltage.

The inverting input pin of the lower

comparator is called the trigger . because of the voltage divider ,

the voltage divider ,the non inverting input has a fixed voltage of
+Vcc/3. when the trigger input voltage is slightly less than

+Vcc/c,the op-amp output goes high and reset the flip-flop.

Pin.1 is the chip ground ,whil pin 8 is the supply pin

.the 555 timer will work with any supply voltage between 4.5and

16 volt.
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
 MONOSTABLE OPERATION

Figure 3 shows the 555 timer connected

for monstable (also called one-shot)operation. The circuit works

as follows. When the trigger input is slightly lower than

+Vcc/3,the lower comparator has a high output and reset the flip-

flop.this cuts off the transistor , allowing the capacitor to

charge . when the capacitor voltage is slightly greater than

+2Vcc/3 the upper comparator has ahigh output . which sets the

flip-flop . As soon as Q goes high , It turns on the transistor ,

this quickly discharges the capacitor.

Figure 4 shows typical waveforms . The trigger

input is a narrow pulse with a quiescent value of +Vcc. the pulse

must drop below +Vcc/3 ton reset the flip-flop and allow the

capacitor to charge when the threshold voltage exceeds

+2Vcc/3 .the flip-flop sets ;this saturates the transistor and

discharges the capacitor , as a result we get a rectangular output

pulse/

The capacitor has to charge through resistance R .

the larger the RC time constant. The longer it takes for the

capacitor voltage to reach +2Vcc/3.in other words the RC time

constant controls the width of the output pulse.The pulse width is

W=1.1RC

If R=22K and C=0.068uF then

W=1.1(22K*0.068U)=1.65msec.

The pin 5 (control) is bypassed to ground

through a small capacitor , typically 0.01 uF .This provides noise

filtering for the control voltage .

The monostable 555 timer produces a single

pulse whose width is determined by the external R and C as

shown in figure 5.the pulse begins with the leading edge of the

negative trigger input.

 ASTABLE MULTIBRATORS

Figure 5 shows the 555 timer connected for Astable

(free running ) operation .when Q is low .the transistor is cut of

and the capacitor is charging thougha total resistance of Ra+Rb.

Because of this the charging time constant is (Ra+Rb)C.

As the capacitor charges , the threshold voltage

increases .Eventually the threshold voltage exceeds +2Vcc/3;then

the upper comparator has a high output and this sets the flip-flop

with Q high. The trasister saturates and grounds pin-7.Now the

capacitor discharges through RB.Therefore the discharging time

constant is PR*C.when the capacitor voltage drop slightly below

+VCC/3,the lower comparator has a high output and this resets

the flip-flop.

Figere5 illustrated the waveform, the timing capacitor

has an exponentially rising and falling voltage.The output is a

rectangular wave.Since the charging time constant is longer then

discharging time constant, the output is not symmetrical;the high

output state lasts longer than the low output stage.

Duty cycle D = (W/T)*100%

 If W=2msandT=2.5ms then the duty cycle

is

D = (2ms/2.5ms)*100% = 80%

Depending on resistances Ra and Rb the duty cycle is

between 50and 100 percent.

The output frequency is-

f = 1.44/[(Ra+2Rb)*C]

The Duty cycle is-

D = [(Ra+rb)*100%]/(Ra+2Rb)

If Ra is much smaller then Rb,the duty cycle

approaches 50 percent.

Figure 5 show the Astable 555 timer schematic

diagram.An Astable 555 timer is

Often called a free running Multivibrator because it produces a

continuous train of rectangular pulses.

.
 PCB FABRICATION

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
 PREPARATION OF THE PCB

Schematic Preparation

Schematic is a circuit that is drawn either

with the help of software or by manually on paper with
standard symbols. If the circuit is big and complicated then
multi layer schematic is made otherwise single layer
schematic is made . The schematic is drawn with coloured
pen to indicate the different layers , power lines , signal lines
and ground lines.

Artwork Preparation

After making the schematic on a paper , same

is duplicated on transparent acrylic plastic sheet . This circuit
is called artwork . The artwork is made either bigger or
smaller or same size of the desired PCB .The artwork is
drawn with different colour tapes to identify the signal lines,
power lines and ground lines . The artwork should be proper
without leaving any connection or making any excess
connection or shorts .

Film Making
 The artwork is reduced or enlarged or made
of same size of the PCB on the film through the camera . The
camera produces both the positive and negative films . These
films are used to made PCB .

Etching of copper claded board

The films are put on copper claded board

and the board is exposed to light. The time of exposure
depends on many factors. After the exposure of the board it is
rinsed in the etching solution. During this etching operation
the exposed copper gets dissolved in the solution whereas
unexposed copper remains intact with the board .This
unexposed copper in turn makes the pattern what we see on
PCB. The board is then washed in water with gentle brush .

Driling of holes

The PCB is now ready for drilling operation

.The holes are now drilled at all places wherever the
components are to be put .The size of the drills should not be
either more then the required or less then the required . If the
hole is large the it will be difficult to solder and lot of lead
will be consumed. If the hole is small then component will not
be inserted easily.

Tinning of pcb
 The PCB is tinned after putting the mask on PCB
.This is done to insulate the patterns and avoid any short. The
mask covers the areas where the soldering is to be done.

PCB TESTING

PCB is checked for all interconnections through

multimeter , whether the tracks are broken or short at any place ,
thereby correction is done through soldering.

ASSEMBLING OF THE UNIT

Components are assembled in proper direction and
avoid the touching of the components to one another. Heatsink
is to be put wherever required with a heat sink compound.
After assembling the components , they are soldered
and thereafter cleaned with CTC liquid.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Master Table :

Name Code

Deepak 39
Shan 67
Ganesh 95
Satish 79
Hari 167
Sheela 359

New Table :

Name Code Date Time Date Time

Shan 67 06/10/05 8:00 06/10/05 17:00

Satish 79 07/10/05 9:00 07/10/05 18:00

In this system the magnetic card will

be made and the card reader will read the card details. This card
detail will be passed to parallel port and then to PC. The

software written in C++ language will compare the code of the

card with the codes of Master Table. If the codes are matching

then the New Table will be created with code and name of the

card. (Name of the card is same as name of the person holding

the card). This New Table will have the time of entry of card and

date also. If the same card is entered next time then again the

date and time will be recorded in the New Table. As soon as the

card is updated in the New Table, message will be flashed that

data has been updated. If the card having the code difference

from Master Table then card data will not be updated in New

Table and message will be flashed that data is not updated. This

screen will display the message to enter the card when ever the

program is executed.

Please Enter
Card

The software will provide additional facility to view the data.

This viewing is protected by password. The screen will be

 View the
Attendance (Click here)

Enter the Password

SOFTWARE PROGRAM
 SOFTWARE PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#define CONT 0x37A
#define STATUS 0x379
#define DATA 0X379
void drawchart();
int intrflag;
int timerflag;
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"egavga.bgi");
 drawchart();

getch();
closegraph();
}
void drawchart()
{
int x;
float q;
char b[10];
settextstyle(0,0,1);
setcolor(3);
outtextxy(170,50,"DATA LOGGER-DATA ACQUISITION
SPEED|DATA/SEC");
settextstyle(2,1,5);
setcolor(14);
outtextxy(15,180,"Input In Volts");
settextstyle(2,0,5);
outtextxy(200,410,"Time In Minutes");
setcolor(WHITE);
line(80,100,80,400);
line(80,355,600,355);
setcolor(RED);
line(75,320,85,320);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,320,"25");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,295,85,295);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,295,"50");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,270,85,270);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,270,"75");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,245,85,245);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,245,"100");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,220,85,220);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,220,"125");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,195,85,195);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,195,"150");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,170,85,170);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,170,"175");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,145,85,145);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,145,"200");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,120,85,120);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,120,"225");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,95,85,95);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,95,"250");
setcolor(RED);
line(75,70,85,70);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(50,70,"300");
outtextxy(85,360,"0");
outtextxy(145,360,"1");
setcolor(RED);
line(145,350,145,365);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(205,360,"2");
setcolor(RED);
line(205,350,205,365);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(265,360,"3");
setcolor(RED);
line(325,350,325,365);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(325,360,"4");
 setcolor(RED);
line(325,350,325,365);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(385,360,"5");
setcolor(RED);
line(385,350,385,365);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(445,360,"6");
setcolor(RED);
line(445,350,445,365);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(505,360,"7");
setcolor(RED);
line(505,350,505,365);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(565,360,"8");
setcolor(RED);
line(565,350,565,365);
setcolor(WHITE);

inttime=0,timer=0,freq=0,count=0,data,i=0,oldda
ta,newdata;
float f;
outp(0x379,256);
char frequency;

data=inp(0x379);
olddata=data;
moveto(80,355-data);
int flag=0;
do
{
olddata=data;
data=inp(0x379);
newdata=data;
if(newdata==olddata)
{
olddata=data;
}
else
 {
count++;
timer=0;
}
setcolor(BLUE);
lineto(80+i,355-data);
setcolor(WHITE);
delay(2000);
if(count>0)
{
timer++;
}
if(count==3)
{
freq=timer;
}
i++;
if(freq>0&&flag==0)
{f=1/freq;

// printf("frequency:%f",f);
flag=1;
}
} while(!kbhit());

Software program::

The c++ program acquires data at the rate of one sample per second and plot a
simulated time Vs voltage graph on the moniter screen. It uses two interrupt
service routing:one is invoked through IRQ0(system timer) interrupt and the
other is invoke through IRQ7(parallel port) interrupt.The ISRs are invoked
by modifying the respective vector in the interrupt vector
table.However,before calling up the ISRs of application programe to the
interrupt, the exiting vector for the interrupt should be read from interrupt
vector table and saved. The ISRs are invoked when the interrupt occurs,only
if the interrupt are enabled.

The priority interrupt controller that

occupies addresses 0020H and 0021H in the system I/O map is programmed
to enabled or disable the interrupts. The IRQ0 and IRQ interrupts.The IRQ0
and IRQ7 interrupts are enabled by reseting D0 and D7 bits of the interrupt
mask register at I/O address 0021H without affecting interrupt masks of
other IRQs. When an ISR is invoked on an interrupt, the ISR should first
execute the previous ISR which is chained to the interrupt. At the end of the
ISR, it is nedessary to issue an end of interrupt command to the interrpt
controller.It is issued by dinding control byte 20H to I/O address 0020H.
before terminating the applidation, the vectors are testored into the vector
table to restore the satus of the sustem.
The IRQ0 interrupt puovides timing to start of
conuersion and the IRQ7 interrupt provides timing to end of conversion.The
system timer generates 18.2 IRQ0 interrupts in one second . to set the
required data rate ,the counter is initialised with an appropriate value in the
program ; here the counter is set to 18 . The ISR for IRQ0 on each interrupt
decrement the counter ,When the counter reaches zero , the program sends
start of conversion pulse to the ADC . The ISR for IRQ7 sets a flag to
indicate that conversion Is complete and the digitized data may be read from
the data register . Before providing start of conversion pulse , the sample and
hold IC is set to hold mode . similarly , after the digital data is read from the
data register , the sample and hold IC is set back ton sample mode.

EXECUTION OF THE PROGRAME

The screen is initialized to graphics mode and a graphics chart is

simulated . it requires the graphics intialiser file ECAVCA BGI to be in the
directory C:\TC\BGI\.
 The vector of existing timer and parallel port ISR are saved in
variables oldintr and old timer using the getvect statement .The vector
ISRs of the application program . newinter & nrwtimer are loaded into the
interrupt vector table using the setvect() statements.

The Status of interrupt masks is obtained and saved . The

interrupt requests IRQ0 and IRQ7 are enable d The variable count that
determines the date rate is initialized to the requied rate 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18
data samples persecond ,respectively .

The program then enter the main loop and keeps monitoring ,the
timer flag and the interflag until a key is pressedif the intrflag is 1,The
program
1) Reads the digitised data from the data register .
2) Puts the samples -and - hold ic to sample mode by resetting
C1 bit to
low.
3) Computer coordinates of the pixel corresponding to the data.
4) Plots data point and draws a line joining the previous data
point on the monitor screen and completes acquisition and
plotting of one data .
5) Update variables for acquiring next data .

If timer flag is 1 , the program determine whether it is the

program determines whether it is the time to issue SOC (start of
conversion) pulse.if so the program .

1. Puts the sample and hold IC to hold mode by setting C1 bit

to high.
2. issue start of conversion pulse by seting, resetting and setting
C2 bit.

If a key is pressed ,the program restores interrupt mask and

interrupt vectors and terminates.

ISR for IRQ0 interrupt. The timer ISR performs the

following tasks on each interrupt:

1. Calls the previous ISR in the chain.

 2. Enters 1 into the timerflag variable to indicate the main
program that a timer interrupt has occurred.
3. Sends end of interrupt command to the interrupt controller.

ISR for IRQ7 interupt. The ISR for the IRQ7 interrupt performs the
tasks on each

Interrupt :

1. Calls the previous ISR in the chain .

2 Enters 1 in to the intrflag variable to indicate the main program that

timer
interrupt IRQ7 line has occurred.

3 . Sends end - of -interrupt command to the interrupt controller.

APPLICATION OF PROJECT

APPLICATION
FUTURE SCOPE
Extension / Future Scope of the Project :

The program utilizing

interfacing of hardware can be made using other hardware

languages like Visual Basic, ASP, Java, and on Net platform. The

hardware of standard companies used along with their device

driver to develop more suffocated application software.

CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

This project will help us to

understand C++ language and interface of mouse card reader and

parallel port. The project has number of applications monitoring

attendance, monitoring the authorization of person. One can

generate incentive scheme for employees who are regular in their

job. This can be used to monitor the production data. The card

reader can be substituted by biometric etherification like camera,

fingure print, DNA sample report, voice, etc.

The problems involved in design of circuitry both

interfacing mode, card and card reader have would give sample

opportunity to go in to depth of practical knowledge.

REFERENCE
 REFERENCES

1.Electronic Principle by
Albert Paul Malvino

2.Electronics Devices and circuits by

Allen Mottershead.

3.Digital Computer Fundamentals By

Thomas C.Bartee

4.Digital Principles and Applications By

Albert Paul Malvino and Donold P . Leach