SPECIFICATION FOR
CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL NUTS FOR BOLTS
FOR HIGH-PRESSURE AND
HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE
SA-194 /SA-194M
(Identical with ASTM Specification A 194 /A 194M-95a except for editorial differences in 4.1.1 and S5.1.)
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers a variety of carbon,
alloy, and martensitic stainless steel nuts in the size
range 14 through 4 in. [6.4 through 101.6 mm] nominal.
It also covers austenitic stainless steel nuts in the size
range 14 in. [6.4 mm] nominal and above. These
nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature
service or both. Grade substitutions without the purchas-
ers permission are not allowed.
1.2 Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-
wrought. The material may be further processed by
centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stain-
less steel may be solution annealed or annealed and
strain-hardened. When annealed and strain hardened
austenitic stainless steel is ordered in accordance with
Supplementary Requirements S1, the purchaser should
take special care to ensure that 7.2.2, Supplementary
Requirements S1, and Appendix X1 are thoroughly
understood.
1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 through S6) of
an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only
when specified in the inquiry, contract, and order.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-
pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order
specifies the applicable M specification designation
(SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-
pound units.
271
98
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
therefore, each system must be used independently of
the other. Combining values from the two systems may
result in noncomformance with the specification.
NOTE Grade 2M has been replaced with Grade 2HM. During
a transition period both grade markings are acceptable.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 29 /A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Re-
quirements for
A 276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
Bars and Shapes
A 320 /A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Ma-
terials for Low-Temperature Service
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
ing of Steel Products
A 484 /A 484M Specification for General Requirements
for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Bars, Billets, and
Forgings
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
ments
SA-194 /SA-194M 1998 SECTION II
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing, Inspection, and
Rating Steel Products, Comprising Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
2.2 American National Standards:
B1.1 Unified Screw Threads
B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
2.3 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metal Identification Tag Appli-
cation Standard
3. Terminology
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Lot:
3.1.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 3.1.1.2),
a lot is the quantity of nuts of a single nominal size
and grade produced by the same manufacturing process.
3.1.1.2 When Supplementary Requirement S6 is
invoked on the purchase order, the following definitions
of a lot shall apply:
For Grade 8 Nuts The quantity of all the nuts
of a single nominal diameter and grade made from the
same heat of steel and made by the same manufacturing
process.
For All Other Grade Nuts (see 7.2 and 7.1.2.1)
All the nuts of a single nominal diameter and grade
made from the same heat number and heat treated in
the same batch if batch-type heat treating equipment
is used or heat treated in the same continuous run of
not more than 8 h under the same conditions if continu-
ous-type heat treating equipment is used.
3.1.2 Type:
3.1.2.1 For Grade 8 Nuts Variations within
the grade designated by a letter and differentiated by
chemistry and by manufacturing process.
3.1.2.2 For Grade 6 Nuts Variations within
the grade designated by the letter F as differentiated
by chemical additions made for machineability.
3.1.3 Series The dimensional relationship and
geometry of the nuts as described in ANSI B18.2.2.
272
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order for material under this
specification shall include the following as required to
describe the material adequately:
4.1.1 Specification designation and grade,
4.1.2 Quantity, number of pieces,
4.1.3 Dimensions (see Section 9),
4.1.4 Options in accordance with 6.1, 7.2.2.1, 9.1,
9.2, 10.3, 11, 12, and 13, and
4.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if any.
5. Manufacture (Process)
5.1 The steel shall be produced by any one of the
following processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-
furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The pri-
mary melting method may incorporate separate degass-
ing or refining. The molten steel may be vacuum-
treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strand
casting. The basic-oxygen process shall be limited to
steels containing not over 6% chromium.
5.1.1 Quality To ensure soundness, ferritic steel
bars shall be tested in accordance with Method E 381,
or other suitable method as agreed upon between the
purchaser and the producer. Either the bar producer or
the nut producer, as agreed upon between them, shall
perform the test. Quality control procedures shall be
sufficient to demonstrate that the testing was performed
and that the results were acceptable. A bar lot consisting
of one heat or 10 000 lbs, whichever is smaller, shall
be represented by a minimum of one macroetch. Visual
examination of transverse sections shall show no imper-
fections worse than the macrographs of Method E 381
S4-R4-C4 or equivalent as agreed upon. Distinct zones
of solidification shall not be present.
5.2 Stainless steels for all types of Grade 6 and 8
nuts shall be made by one of the following processes:
5.2.1 Electric-furnace (with separate degassing and
refining optional),
5.2.2 Vacuum induction furnace, or
5.2.3 Either of the above followed by electroslag
remelting, or consumable-arc remelting.
5.3 The steel producer shall exercise adequate control
to eliminate excessive unhomogeneity, nonmetallics,
pipe, porosity, and other defects.
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
5.4 Grades 1 and 2 nuts shall be hot or cold forged,
or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or
cold-drawn bars.
5.4.1 All Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by cold forging
or by machining from cold-drawn bars shall be stress-
relief annealed at a temperature of at least 1000F
[538 C].
5.4.2 Grade 1 and 2 nuts made by hot forging or
by machining from hot-forged or hot-rolled bars need
not be given any stress relief annealing treatment.
5.5 Grades 2HM, 2H, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, 7M, and 16
nuts shall be hot or cold-forged or shall be machined
from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and
shall be heat treated to meet the required mechanical
properties. However, nuts machined from heat-treated
bars need not be reheat treated. See Supplementary
Requirement S4 for nuts to be used in low-temperature
applications (Specification A 320 /A 320M). These
grades of nuts shall be reheated above the critical range
of the steel, quenched in a suitable medium, and then
tempered at a temperature not less than the following:
Minimum Tempering
Grade and Type Temperature, F [C]
2H 850 [455]
2HM 1150 [620]
3 1050 [565]
4 1100 [595]
6 and 6F 1100 [595]
7 and 7M 1100 [595]
16 1200 [650]
5.5.1 Grade 6 and 6F nuts shall be tempered for
a minimum of 1 h at the temperature.
5.6 Grades 8, 8C, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P, 8N, 8MN, 8R,
8S, 8LN, 8MLN, and 8MLCuN nuts shall be hot or
cold forged, or shall be machined from hot-forged, hot-
rolled or cold-drawn bars.
5.7 Grades 8A, 8CA, 8MA, 8TA, 8FA, 8PA, 8NA,
8MNA, 8RA, 8SA, 8LNA, 8MLNA, and 8MLCuNA
nuts shall be hot or cold-forged or shall be machined
from hot-forged, hot-rolled, or cold-drawn bars and the
nuts shall subsequently be carbide-solution treated by
heating them for a sufficient time at a temperature to
dissolve chromium carbides followed by cooling at a
rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of the carbides.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 An analysis of each heat of steel used for nuts
shall be made by the manufacturer during the pouring
273
SA-194 /SA-194M
of the steel. For strand cast materials, the requirements
of 8.2 and 8.3 of Specification A 788 shall be met.
Should the purchaser deem it necessary to have the
transition zone of two heats sequentially cast discarded,
the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement
S3 of Specification A 788.
6.2 The heat analysis of the nut materials shall
conform to the chemical composition requirements for
the grade ordered as specified in Table 1. Nuts that
are normally furnished from stock are not identified
by heat number, and thus heat analysis cannot normally
be reported to the purchaser. (See Supplementary Re-
quirement S2.) Supplementary Requirement S6 is pro-
vided for use when heat analysis control is required.
6.3 Steels with added lead shall not be used.
6.4 Product analyses may be made by the purchaser
from a sample nut selected by the purchaser or the
purchasers representative from each item in the ship-
ment which shall meet the product analysis requirements
for the grade ordered in Table 1. Product analysis
tolerances are found in Tables 5 and 6 of Specification
A 29 /A 29M, and Table 1 of Specification A 484 /A
484M.
6.5 A starting material that specifically requires the
addition of any element beyond those listed in Table
1 is not permitted. This does not preclude the use of
deoxidizers.
6.6 Chemical analysis shall be performed in accord-
ance with Test Methods A 751.
7. Mechanical Requirements
7.1 Hardness Test:
7.1.1 Requirements:
7.1.1.1 All nuts shall be capable of meeting the
hardness requirements specified in Table 2.
7.1.1.2 Sample nuts of Grades 1, 2, 2H, 2HM,
3, 4, 7, 7M, and 16 which have been given the treatment
described in 7.1.5.2 shall meet the minimum hardness
specified in Table 2.
7.1.2 Number of Tests (Grades 1, 2, 2H, 3, 4, 7,
and 16 and all types of Grade 6):
7.1.2.1 Tests on the number of sample nuts in
accordance with the following table shall be performed
in accordance with 7.1.5.1 by the manufacturer follow-
ing all production heat treatments:
SA-194 /SA-194M 1998 SECTION II
Lot Size Samples
Up to 800 1 of markings; (2) minimize exterior dimensional changes;
801 to 8000 2 and (3) maintain thread fit.
8001 to 22 000 3
Over 22 000 5 7.2 Proof Load Test:
7.1.2.2 In addition, a hardness test shall be
performed by the manufacturer in accordance with
7.1.5.2 on one sample nut selected from each nominal
diameter and series from each grade and heat number
following completion of all production heat treatments.
7.1.3 Number of Tests, Grades 2HM and 7M:
7.1.3.1 The maximum hardness of Grade 2HM
and 7M shall be 235 HB or 99 HRB (conversion in
accordance with Table 2B of Test Methods and Defini-
tions A 370). Conformance to the maximum hardness
shall be insured by testing the hardness of each nut
by Brinell or Rockwell B methods as described in the
sections on Brinell Test, Portable Hardness Test, and
Rockwell Test of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
Surface preparation for hardness testing shall be in
accordance with Test Methods E 18. Product which
has been 100% tested and found acceptable shall have
a line under the M.
7.1.3.2 In addition, 7.1.2.2 shall be met.
7.1.4 Number of Tests, All Types of Grade 8
Tests on the number of sample nuts in accordance with
7.1.2.1 shall be performed in accordance with 7.1.5.1
by the manufacturer.
7.1.5 Test Methods:
7.1.5.1 Test 1 The manufacturer shall perform
the hardness tests in accordance with Annex A3, Para-
graph A3.5.2 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
7.1.5.2 Test 2 The manufacturer shall perform
hardness tests in accordance with 7.1.5.1 to sample
nuts after the following test heat treatment. After com-
pletion of all production heat treatments heat the speci-
men nuts to the temperatures indicated below for 24
h, then slow cool. Test at room temperature.
Temperature
Grade F [C]
1 850 [455]
2, 2H, 2HM 1000 [540]
3, 4, 7, 7M 1100 [590]
16 1200 [650]
7.1.5.3 Special Requirement, Grades 2HM and
7M Preparation of Grades 2HM and 7M nuts for
hardness test and the hardness test itself shall be
274
performed with consideration to (1) protect legibility
7.2.1 Requirements All nuts shall be capable
of withstanding the proof loads specified in Table 3.
However, nuts manufactured to dimensions and config-
urations other than those covered by ANSI B1.1 and
B18.2.2 are not subject to the proof load test.
7.2.2 Number of Tests:
7.2.2.1 Tests on the number of sample nuts in
accordance with 7.1.2.1 shall be performed by the
manufacturer following all production heat treatments
except that, unless proof load testing or Supplementary
Requirement S1 is specified in the order, nuts which
would require a proof load in excess of 120 000 lbf
[530 kN] may be furnished on the basis of minimum
hardness requirements. Proof load testing of nuts requir-
ing a proof load of over 120 000 lbf [530 kN] is
covered in Supplementary Requirement S5.
7.2.3 Test Method The test shall be in accord-
ance with Annex A3, Paragraph A3.5.1, of Test Methods
and Definitions A 370.
7.3 Cone Proof Load Test:
7.3.1 Requirements This test shall be performed
only when visible surface discontinuities become a
matter of issue between the manufacturer and the
purchaser. The requirements specified in Table 4 shall
be met for the size range 14 to 11 / 2 in. [6.4 to 38.1
mm]. Nuts not in this size range and all types of
Grade 8 nuts are not subject to this test. Also, nuts
manufactured to dimensions and configurations other
than those covered by ANSI B1.1 and B18.2.2 are not
subject to the cone proof load test.
7.3.2 Number of Tests Sample nuts in accord-
ance with 7.1.2.1 shall be tested by the manufacturer.
7.3.3 Test Method The test shall consist of
assembling a hardened cone (see Fig. 1) and the nut
to be tested on a hardened steel mandrel, and applying
the proof load specified in Table 4. The mandrel shall
conform to the requirements of Annex A3, Paragraph
A3.5.1 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370 except
that the threads shall be in accordance with ANSI B1.1
of the appropriate thread series, Class 3A fit. The
hardened cone shall be as described in Fig. 2. The lot
shall be considered acceptable if the sample nut with-
stands application of the proof load without failure.
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
8. Retests
8.1 Provisions for retests by the purchaser and his
representative are specified in Supplementary Require-
ment S3.
9. Dimensions
9.1 Nuts shall be hexagonal in shape, and in accord-
ance with the dimensions for the hex or heavy hex
series, as required, by ANSI B18.2.2. Unless otherwise
specified, the American National Standard Heavy Hex
Series shall be used and nuts shall be either double
chamfered or have a machined or forged washer face,
at the option of the manufacturer, and, conform to the
angularity requirements of ANSI B18.2.2.
9.2 Unless otherwise specified, threads shall be in
accordance with ANSI B1.1 and shall be gaged in
accordance with ANSI B1.2 as described in 9.2.1
and 9.2.2.
9.2.1 Nuts up to and including 1 in. [25.4 mm]
nominal size shall be UNC Series Class 2B fit.
9.2.2 Nuts over 1 in. [25.4 mm] nominal size
shall be either UNC Series Class 2B fit or 8 UN Series
Class 2B fit. Unless otherwise specified, the 8 UN
series shall be furnished.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10.1 Nuts shall be free of defects and shall be good
commercial finish.
10.2 If visible surface imperfections in size 14 thru
112 in. [6.4 thru 38.1 mm] and in any grade other
than Grade 8 become a matter of issue between the
manufacturer and the purchaser, the cone proof load
test described in 7.3 shall be employed.
10.3 If a scale-free bright finish is required, this
shall be specified on the purchase order.
11. Inspection
11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers
inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy
him that the material is being produced and furnished
in accordance with this specification. Mill inspection
by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with
the manufacturers operations. All tests and inspections
shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless
agreed otherwise.
275
SA-194 /SA-194M
12. Rejection
12.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based
on tests made in accordance with 6.4 shall be reported
to the manufacturer within 30 days from the date of tests.
13. Certification
13.1 When agreed upon in writing between the
manufacturer and the purchaser, a certification that the
nuts were manufactured and tested in accordance with
this specification may be the basis of acceptance of
the nuts.
13.2 When specified on the order, the manufacturer
shall supply a test report showing the results of the
mechanical and /or macroetch inspection tests performed
in accordance with this specification. The specification
designation included on test reports shall include year
of issue and revision letter, if any.
13.3 When required in the order, the chemical analysis
requirements and the minimum tempering temperature
for nuts of Grades 2H, 2HM, 3, 4, 6, 6F, 7, and 7M
shall be furnished on the certification. See 6.2 for heat
analysis identification. (See Supplementary Require-
ment S2.)
14. Product Marking
14.1 All nuts shall bear the manufacturers identifica-
tion mark.
14.2 Nuts shall be legibly marked to indicate the
grade and the process of the manufacturer, as prescribed
in Table 5.
14.3 For purposes of identification marking, the
manufacturer is considered the organization that certifies
the fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested, and
inspected in accordance with the specification and the
results have been determined to meet the requirements
of this specification.
14.4 Bar Coding In addition to the requirements
in 14.1, 14.2, and 14.3, bar coding is acceptable as a
supplementary identification method. Bar coding should
be consistent with AIAG Standard B-5 02.00. If used
on small items, the bar code may be applied to the
box or a substantially applied tag.
15. Keywords
15.1 bolting; chemical analysis; marking on fasteners
SA-194 /SA-194M 1998 SECTION II

FIG. 1 APPLICATION OF HARDENED STEEL CONE TO TESTING OF NUTS

FIG. 2 HARDENED STEEL CONE

276
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-194 /SA-194M

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS [NOTES (1), (2)]

Columbium
and Other
Grade Carbon, Manganese, Phosphorus, Sulfur, % Silicon, Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Titanium, Tantalum, Selenium, Elements,
Symbol Material % % % [Note (3)] % % % % % % % %

1 carbon 0.15 min 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.050 max 0.40 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
max
2, 2HM, carbon 0.40 min 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.050 max 0.40 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
and 2H max
4 carbon, 0.40 0.70 0.035 max 0.040 max 0.15 . . . ... 0.200.30 . . . ... ... ...
molyb- 0.50 0.90 0.35
denum
3 AISI 501 0.10 min 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 1.00 4.0 ... 0.400.65 . . . ... ... ...
max 6.0
6 AISI 410 0.15 max 1.00 max 0.040 max 0.030 max 1.00 11.5 ... ... ... ... ... ...
max 13.5
6F AISI 416 0.15 max 1.25 max 0.060 max 0.15 min 1.00 12.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...
with sul- max 14.0
fur
6F AISI 416 0.15 max 1.25 max 0.060 max 0.060 max 1.00 12.0 ... ... ... ... 0.15 min . . .
with se- max 14.0
lenium
7, 7M AISI 4140/ 0.37 0.65 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.15 0.75 ... 0.150.25 . . . ... ... ...
4142/ 0.49 1.10 0.35 1.20
4145,
4140H,
4142H,
4145H
8, 8A AISI 304 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 18.0 8.0 ... ... ... ... ...
max 20.0 10.5
8C, 8CA AISI 347 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 17.0 9.0 ... ... 10 ... ...
max 19.0 13.0 carbon
content,
min
8M, 8MA AISI 316 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 16.0 10.0 2.003.00 . . . ... ... ...
max 18.0 14.0
8T, 8TA AISI 321 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 17.0 9.0 . . . 5 ... ... ...
max 19.0 12.0 carbon
content,
min
8F, 8FA AISI 303 0.15 max 2.00 max 0.20 max 0.15 min 1.00 17.0 8.0 . . . ... ... ...
with sul- max 19.0 10.0
fur
8F, 8FA AISI 303 0.15 max 2.00 max 0.20 max 0.06 max 1.00 17.0 8.0 . . . ... ... 0.15 min . . .
with se- max 19.0 10.0
lenium
8P, 8PA AISI 305 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 17.0 10.5 . . . ... ... ... ...
with re- max 19.0 13.0
stricted
carbon
8N, 8NA AISI 304N 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 18.0 8.0 . . . ... ... ... Nitrogen,
max 20.0 10.5 0.10
0.16
8LN, 8LNA AISI 304N 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 18.0 8.0 . . . ... ... ... Nitrogen,
with re- max 20.0 10.5 0.10
stricted 0.16
carbon
8MN, AISI 316N 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 16.0 10.0 2.003.00 . . . ... ... Nitrogen,
8MNA max 18.0 14.0 0.10
0.16

277
SA-194 /SA-194M 1998 SECTION II

TABLE 1 (CONTD)
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS [NOTES (1), (2)]

Columbium
and Other
Grade Carbon, Manganese, Phosphorus, Sulfur, % Silicon, Chromium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Titanium, Tantalum, Selenium, Elements,
Symbol Material % % % [Note (3)] % % % % % % % %

8MLN, AISI 316N 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 max 0.030 max 1.00 16.0 10.0 2.003.00 . . . ... ... Nitrogen,
8MLNA with re- max 18.0 14.0 0.10
stricted 0.16
carbon
8R, 8RA XM19 0.06 max 4.06.0 0.040 max 0.030 max 1.00 20.5 11.5 1.503.00 . . . 0.10 ... Nitrogen,
[Note (4)] max 23.5 13.5 0.30 0.20
0.40
Vanadium,
0.10
0.30
8S, 8SA [Note (5)] 0.10 max 7.09.0 0.040 max 0.040 max 3.54.5 16.0 8.0 ... ... ... ... Nitrogen,
18.0 9.0 0.08
0.18
8MLCuN, S31254 0.020 max 1.00 max 0.030 max 0.010 max 0.80 19.5 17.5 6.06.5 ... ... ... Nitrogen,
8MLCuNA max 20.5 18.5 0.18
0.22
Copper,
0.50
1.00
16 Chromium 0.36 0.45 0.035 max 0.040 max 0.15 0.80 ... 0.500.65 . . . ... ... Vanadium
Molyb- 0.47 0.70 0.35 1.15 0.25
denum 0.35
Vanadium
NOTES:
(1) The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grades 6F, 8F, and 8FA, in which Se is specified and required.
(2) Product AnalysisIndividual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the table. The several determinations of any individual
element in a heat may not vary both above or below the specified range. Product analysis tolerances may be found in Tables 5 and 6 of Specification A 29/A
29M, and Table 1 of Specification A 484/A 484M.
(3) Because of the degree to which sulfur segregates, product analysis for sulfur over 0.060 % max is not technologically appropriate.
(4) As described in Specification A 276.
(5) Similar to grade S21800 of Specification A 276, except phosphorus is restricted to 0.040 % max.

TABLE 2
HARDNESS REQUIREMENTS

Sample Nut after Treatment as in

Completed Nuts 7.1.5.2

Rockwell Hardness Brinell Rockwell

Hardness, Hardness B
Grade and Type Brinell Hardness C Scale B Scale min Scale, min
1 121 min ... 70 min 121 70
2 159 to 352 ... 84 min 159 84
2H 248 to 352 24 to 38 ... 179 89
To 112 in. [38.1 mm], incl 248 to 352 24 to 38 ... 179 89
Over 112 in. [38.1 mm] 212 to 352 38 max 95 min 147 79
2HM and 7M 159 to 237 22 max ... 159 84
3, 4, 7, and 16 248 to 352 24 to 38 ... 201 94
6 and 6F 228 to 271 20 to 28 ... ... ...
8, 8C, 8M, 8T, 8F, 8P, 8N, 126 to 300 ... 60 to 105 ... ...
8MN, 8LN, 8MLN, and 8MLCuN 126 to 300 ... 60 to 105 ... ...
8A, 8CA, 8MA, 8TA, 126 to 192 ... 60 to 90 ... ...
8FA, 8PA, 8NA, 8MNA, 126 to 192 ... 60 to 90 ... ...
8LNA, 8MLNA, and 8MLCuNA 126 to 192 ... 60 to 90 ... ...
8R, 8RA, 8S, and 8SA 183 to 271 B 88 to C25 ... ... ...

278
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-194 /SA-194M

TABLE 3
PROOF LOAD USING THREADED MANDREL

Proof Load, lbf [kN] [Note (1)]

Grade 1 Grades 2, 2HM, 6 6F, 7M Grades 2H, 3, 4, 7, 16

Nominal Threads
Size, in. per inch Stress Area, Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex
[mm] [25.4 mm] in.2, [mm2] [Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (4)] [Note (5)] [Note (6)] [Note (7)]
1 [6.4] 20 0.0316 [20.4] 4 130 [18.4] 3 820 [17.0] 4 770 [21.2] 4 300 [19.1] 5 570 [24.8] 4 770 [21.2]
4
5 [7.9] 18 0.0524 [33.8] 6 810 [30.3] 6 290 [28.0] 7 860 [35.0] 7 070 [31.4] 9 170 [40.8] 7 860 [35.0]
16
3 [9.5] 16 0.0774 [49.9] 10 080 [44.8] 9 300 [41.4] 11 620 [51.7] 10 460 [46.5] 13 560 [60.3] 11 620 [51.7]
8
7
16 [11.1] 14 0.1063 [68.6] 13 820 [61.5] 12 760 [56.8] 15 940 [70.9] 14 350 [63.8] 18 600 [82.7] 15 940 [70.9]
1 [12.7] 13 0.1419 [91.5] 18 450 [82.1] 17 030 [75.8] 21 280 [94.6] 19 160 [85.2] 24 830 [110] 21 280 [94.6]
2

9 [14.2] 12 0.182 [117] 23 660 [105] 21 840 [97.1] 27 300 [121] 24 570 [109] 31 850 [142] 27 300 [121]
16
5 [15.9] 11 0.226 [146] 29 380 [131] 27 120 [121] 33 900 [151] 30 510 [136] 39 550 [176] 33 900 [151]
8
3 [19] 10 0.334 [215] 43 420 [193] 40 080 [178] 50 100 [223] 45 090 [200] 58 450 [260] 50 100 [223]
4
7 [22.2] 9 0.462 [298] 60 060 [267] 55 440 [247] 69 300 [308] 62 370 [277] 80 850 [360] 69 300 [308]
8
1 [25.4] 8 0.606 [391] 78 780 [350] 72 720 [323] 90 900 [404] 81 810 [364] 106 000 [472] 90 900 [404]

118 [28.6] 8 0.790 [510] 102 700 [457] 94 800 [422] 118 500 [527] 106 700 [475] 138 200 [615] 118 500 [527]
114 [31.8] 8 1.000 [645] 130 000 [578] 120 000 [534] 150 000 [667] 135 000 [600] 175 000 [778] 150 000 [667]
138 [34.9] 8 1.233 [795] 160 200 [713] 148 000 [658] 185 000 [823] 166 500 [741] 215 800 [960] 185 000 [823]
112 [38.1] 8 1.492 [962] 194 000 [863] 170 040 [756] 223 800 [996] 201 400 [896] 261 100 [1161] 223 800 [996]
All Types of Grade 8

Heavy Hex Hex

[Note (8)] [Note (9)]
1 [6.4] 20 0.0316 [20.4] 2 540 [11.3] 2 380 [10.6]
4
5 [7.9] 18 0.0524 [33.8] 4 190 [18.6] 3 930 [17.5]
16
3 [9.5] 16 0.0774 [49.9] 6 200 [27.6] 5 810 [25.8]
8
7
16 [11.1] 14 0.1063 [68.6] 8 500 [37.8] 7 970 [35.4]
1 [12.7 13 0.1419 [91.5] 11 350 [50.5] 10 640 [49.8]
2

9 [14.2] 12 0.182 [117] 14 560 [64.8] 13 650 [60.7]

16
5 [15.9] 11 0.226 [146] 18 080 [80.4] 16 950 [75.4]
8
3 [19] 10 0.334 [215] 26 720 [119] 25 050 [111]
4
7 [22.2] 9 0.462 [298] 36 960 [164] 34 650 [154]
8
1 [25.4] 8 0.606 [391] 48 480 [216] 45 450 [202]

118 [28.6] 8 0.790 [510] 63 200 [281] 59 250 [264]

114 [31.8] 8 1.000 [645] 80 000 [356] 75 000 [334]
138 [34.9] 8 1.233 [795] 98 640 [439] 92 450 [411]
112 [38.1] 8 1.492 [962] 119 360 [531] 111 900 [498]
GENERAL NOTEProof loads are not design loads.

NOTES:
(1) See limit for proof load test in 7.2.2.1. The proof load for jam nuts shall be 46% of the tabulated load.
(2) Based on proof stress of 130 000 psi [895 MPa].
(3) Based on proof stress of 120 000 psi [825 MPa].
(4) Based on proof stress of 150 000 psi [1035 MPa].
(5) Based on proof stress of 135 000 psi [930 MPa].
(6) Based on proof stress of 175 000 psi [1205 MPa].
(7) Based on proof stress of 150 000 psi [1035 MPa].
(8) Based on proof stress of 80 000 psi [550 MPa].
(9) Based on proof stress of 75 000 psi [515 MPa].

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SA-194 /SA-194M 1998 SECTION II

TABLE 4
PROOF LOAD USING 120 HARDENED STEEL CONE [NOTE (1)]

Proof Load, lbf [kN]

Grade 1 Grades 2, 2HM, 6 6F, 7M Grades 2H, 3, 4, 7, 16

Nominal Threads
Size, in. per inch Stress Area, Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex
[mm] [25.4 mm] in.2, [mm2] [Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (4)] [Note (5)] [Note (6)] [Note (4)]
1 [6.4] 20 0.0318 [20.5] 3 800 [16.9] 3 550 [15.8] 4 400 [19.6] 4 000 [17.8] 5 150 [22.9] 4 400 [19.6]
4
5 [7.9] 18 0.0524 [33.8] 6 150 [27.4] 5 700 [25.4] 7 100 [31.6] 6 400 [28.5] 8 300 [36.9] 7 100 [31.6]
16
3 [9.5] 16 0.0774 [49.9] 8 950 [39.8] 8 250 [36.7] 10 300 [45.8] 9 300 [41.4] 12 000 [53.4] 10 300 [45.8]
8
7
16 [11.1] 14 0.1063 [68.6] 12 000 [53.4] 11 100 [49.4] 13 850 [61.6] 12 450 [55.4] 16 150 [71.8] 13 850 [61.6]
1 [12.7] 13 0.1419 [91.5] 15 700 [69.8] 14 500 [64.5] 18 100 [80.5] 16 300 [72.5] 21 100 [93.8] 18 100 [80.5]
2
9
16 [14.2] 12 0.182 [117] 19 650 [87.4] 18 150 [80.7] 22 700 [101] 20 400 [90.7] 26 500 [118] 22 700 [101]
5 [15.9] 11 0.226 [146] 23 900 [106] 22 050 [98.1] 27 550 [123] 24 800 [110] 32 150 [143] 27 550 [123]
8
3 [19] 10 0.334 [215] 33 650 [150] 31 050 [138] 38 850 [173] 34 950 [155] 45 300 [202] 38 850 [173]
4
7 [22.2] 9 0.462 [298] 44 300 [197] 40 900 [182] 51 100 [227] 46 600 [207] 59 650 [265] 51 100 [227]
8
1 [25.4] 8 0.606 [391] 55 150 [245] 50 900 [226] 63 650 [283] 57 300 [255] 74 250 [330] 63 650 [283]
118 [28.6] 8 0.790 [510] 68 000 [302] 62 800 [279] 78 500 [349] 70 650 [314] 91 600 [407] 78 500 [349]
114 [31.8] 8 1.000 [645] 81 250 [361] 75 000 [334] 93 750 [417] 84 400 [375] 109 350 [486] 93 750 [417]
138 [34.9] 8 1.233 [795] 94 250 [419] 86 950 [387] 108 750 [484] 97 800 [435] 126 850 [564] 108 750 [484]
112 [38.1] 8 1.492 [962] 106 700 [475] 98 500 [438] 123 100 [548] 110 800 [493] 143 600 [639] 123 100 [548]
NOTES:
(1) Based upon following equation (this equation cannot be used for extrapolating values beyond the size ranges listed in this table):

CPL p (1 0.30D) f As

where:
CPL p cone stripping proof load lbf [kN],
D p nominal diameter of nut, in. [mm],
f p minimum proof stress of nut, psi [MPa]; see [Notes (2),(3),(4),(5),(6)],
As p tensile stress area of nut, in.2 p 0.7854 [D 0.9743/n]2, and
n p threads per inch [25.4 mm].
(2) Based on proof stress of 130 000 psi [895 MPa].
(3) Based on proof stress of 120 000 psi [825 MPa].
(4) Based on proof stress of 150 000 psi [1035 MPa].
(5) Based on proof stress of 135 000 psi [930 MPa].
(6) Based on proof stress of 175 000 psi [1205 MPa].

280
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-194 /SA-194M

TABLE 5 98
MARKING OF NUTS

Nuts Hot- Nuts Machined Nuts Manufactured

Grade and Forged or from Bar in Accordance
Type Cold-Punched Stock with 5.7

1 1 1B ...
2 2 2B ...
2H[Note (1)] 2H 2HB ...
2HM [Note (1)] 2HM 2HMB ...
3 3 3B ...
4 4 4B ...
4L [Note (2)] 4L 4BL ...
6 6 6B ...
6F 6F 6FB ...
7 7 7B ...
7L [Note (2)] 7L 7BL ...
7M [Note (1)] 7M 7MB ...
8 8 8B 8A
8C 8C 8CB 8CA
8M 8M 8MB 8MA
8T 8T 8TB 8TA
8F 8F 8FB 8FA
8P 8P 8PB 8PA
8N 8N 8NB 8NA
8MN 8MN 8MNB 8MNA
8R 8R 8RB 8RA
8S 8S 8SB 8SA
8LN 8LN 8LNB 8LNA
8MLN 8MLN 8MLNB 8MLNA
8MLCuN 8MLCuN 8MLCuNB 8MLCuNA
16 16 16B
NOTES:
(1) The letters H and M indicate heat-treated nuts (see Section 5).
(2) See Supplementary Requirement S4.

281
SA-194 /SA-194M 1998 SECTION II

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only

when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these
supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer
and purchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement
of the specification itself.

S1. Strain-Hardened Austenitic Steel Nuts
S1.1 Strain hardened Grades 8, 8C, 8T, 8M, 8F, 8P,
8N, or 8MN nuts may be specified. When Supplemen-
tary Requirement S1 is invoked in the order, nuts shall
be machined from cold drawn bars or shall be cold
forged to shape. No subsequent heat treatment shall
be performed on the nuts. Nuts made in accordance
with this requirements shall be proof load tested in
accordance with 7.2.2.1 and shall withstand the proof
load specified in Table S1.1. For nut requiring proof
loads over 120 000 lbf [530 kN], Supplementary Re-
quirement S5 is invoked. The hardness limits of Table
2 do not apply to strain hardened nuts. Nuts made in
accordance with this requirement shall be marked with
the Grade symbol underlined.
S2. Chemical Composition Certification
S2.1 The purchaser shall be provided with a statement
certifying that the nuts meet the chemical composition
requirements specified in Table 1.
S4. Low-Temperature Requirements for (Grade
4 or) Grade 7 Nuts
S4.1 When low-temperature requirements are speci-
fied for Grade 4 or Grade 7 nuts, the Charpy test
procedures and requirements as defined in Specification
A 320 for Grade L7 shall apply. Depending on the
size of nuts, separate test samples of the same heat
may be required and shall be processed through heat
treatment with the nuts for which the test is to apply.
Full-size impact specimens cannot be obtained if the
bar stock is smaller than 58 in. in diameter.
S4.2 An L shall be added to the marking, as 98
shown in Table 5, for nuts so tested.
S5. Proof Load Tests of Large Nuts
S5.1 Proof load testing of nuts requiring proof loads
of over 120 000 lbf [530 kN] may be required. When
specified, the test is to be performed in accordance
with 7.2 to the loads required by Table S5.1. The
maximum load will be based entirely on the equipment
available.

S6. Control of Product by Heat Number

S3. Retests by Purchasers Representative
S3.1 The purchasers representative may select two
nuts per keg (200-lb unit [90-kg]) for sizes 58 in. [15.9
mm] and smaller, one nut per keg for sizes over 58
in. [15.9 mm] up to and including 112 in. [38.1 mm],
and one nut per every two kegs for sizes larger than
112 in. [38.1 mm], which shall be subjected to the
tests specified in Section 7.
S6.1 When control of nuts by actual heat analysis
is required and this supplementary requirement is speci-
fied, the manufacturer shall identify the completed nuts
in each shipment by the actual heat number. When
this supplementary requirement is specified, a certificate
including the results of the actual production tests of
each test lot together with the heat chemical analysis
shall be furnished by the manufacturer.

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 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-194 /SA-194M

TABLE S1.1
PROOF LOAD TESTING OF STRAIN HARDENED NUTS USING THREADED MANDREL

Proof load, lbf [kN] [Note (1)]

Nominal Threads Stress Area, All Other Types All Other Types
Size, in. per in. in.2, Grade 8M Grade 8M of Grade 8 of Grade 8
[mm ] [25.4 mm] [mm2] (strain hardened) (strain hardened) (strain hardened) (strain hardened)
Heavy Hex Hex Heavy Hex Hex
[Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (4)] [Note (2)]
1 [6.4] 20 0.0316 [20.4] 3 480 [15.5] 3 160 [14.0] 3 950 [17.6] 3 480 [15.5]
4
5 [7.9] 18 0.0523 [33.8] 5 760 [25.6] 5 240 [23.3] 6 550 [29.1] 5 760 [25.6]
16
3 [9.5] 16 0.0774 [49.9] 8 510 [37.8] 7 740 [34.4] 9 675 [43.0] 8 510 [37.8]
8
7
16 [11.1] 14 0.1063 [68.6] 11 690 [52.0] 10 630 [47.3] 13 290 [59.1] 11 690 [52.0]
1 [12.7] 13 0.1419 [91.5] 15 610 [69.4] 14 190 [63.1] 17 740 [78.9] 15 610 [69.4]
2

9 [14.2] 12 0.182 [117] 20 020 [89.0] 18 200 [80.9] 22 750 [101] 20 020 [89.0]
16
5 [15.9] 11 0.226 [146] 24 860 [110] 22 600 [100] 28 250 [126] 24 860 [110]
8
3 [19] 10 0.334 [215] 36 740 [163] 33 400 [148] 41 750 [186] 36 740 [163]
4
7 [22.2] 9 0.462 [298] 46 200 [206] 41 580 [185] 53 130 [236] 46 200 [206]
8
1 [25.4] 8 0.606 [391] 60 600 [270] 54 540 [243] 69 690 [310] 60 600 [270]

118 [28.6] 8 0.790 [510] 75 050 [334] 67 150 [299] 82 950 [369] 75 050 [334]
114 [31.8] 8 1.000 [645] 95 000 [422] 85 000 [378] 105 000 [467] 95 000 [422]
138 [34.9] 8 1.233 [795] 110 970 [494] 98 640 [439] 123 300 [548] 110 970 [494]
112 [38.1] 8 1.492 [962] 134 280 [597] 119 360 [531] 149 200 [664] 134 280 [597]
GENERAL NOTE Proof loads are not design loads.

NOTES:
(1) The proof load for jam nuts shall be 46% of the tabulated value.
(2) Based on proof stress of 110 000 psi [760 MPa] up to 34 in. [19 mm]; 100 000 psi [690 MPa] 78 to 1 in. [22.2 to 25.4 mm]; 95 000
psi [655 MPa] 118 to 114 in. [28.6 to 31.8 mm]; 90 000 psi [620 MPa] 138 to 112 in. [34.9 to 38.1 mm].
(3) Based on proof stress of 100 000 psi [690 MPa] up to 34 in. [19 mm]; 90 000 psi [620 MPa] 78 to 1 in. [22.2 to 25.4 mm]; 85 000 psi
[585 MPa] 118 to 114 in. [28.6 to 31.8 mm]; 80 000 psi [550 MPa] 138 to 112 in. [34.9 to 38.1 mm].
(4) Based on proof stress of 125 000 psi [860 MPa] up to 34 in. [19 mm]; 115 000 psi [795 MPa] 78 to 1 in. [22.2 to 25.4 mm]; 105 000
psi [725 MPa] 118 to 114 in. [28.6 to 31.8 mm]; 100 000 psi [690 MPa] 138 to 112 in. [34.9 to 38.1 mm].

TABLE S5.1
PROOF LOAD FOR LARGE HEAVY HEX NUTS [NOTE (1)]

Proof Load, lbf (kN) [Note (2)]

Nominal Threads
Size, in. per Stress Area, Grades 2, 6, 6F Grades 2H, 3, 4, 7, 16
[mm] in. [25.4 mm] in.2 [mm2] Grade 1 Heavy Hex Heavy Hex Heavy Hex

158 [41.2] 8 1.78 [1148] 231 400 [1029] 267 000 [1188] 311 500 [1386]
134 [44.4] 8 2.08 [1342] 270 400 [1203] 312 000 [1388] 364 000 [1619]
178 [47.6] 8 2.41 [1555] 313 300 [1394] 361 500 [1608] 421 800 [1876]
2 [50.8] 8 2.77 [1787] 360 100 [1602] 415 500 [1848] 484 800 [2156]
214 [57.2] 8 3.56 [2297] 462 800 [2059] 534 000 [2375] 623 000 [2771]
212 [63.5] 8 4.44 [2864] 577 200 [2568] 666 000 [2962] 777 000 [3456]
234 [69.8] 8 5.43 [3503] 705 900 [3140] 814 500 [3623] 950 250 [4227]
NOTES:
(1) ANSI B18.2.2 in the size range over 112 in. [38.1 mm] provides dimensions only for heavy hex nuts. Refer to 7.3.1.
(2) Proof loads for nuts of larger dimensions or other thread series may be calculated by multiplying the thread stress area times the proof
stress in the notes to Table 3 or Table S1.1. The proof load for jam nuts shall be 46% of the tabulated load.

283
SA-194 /SA-194M 1998 SECTION II

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC

STEELS
X1.1 Strain hardening is the increase in strength and
hardness that results from plastic deformation below
the recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect
is produced in austenitic stainless steel by reducing
oversized bars to the desired final size by cold drawing
or other process. The degree of strain hardening achiev-
able in any alloy is limited by its strain hardening
characteristics. In addition, the amount of strain harden-
ing that can be produced is further limited by the
variables of the process, such as the total amount of
cross-section reduction, die angle and bar size. In large
diameter bars, for example, plastic deformation will
occur principally in the outer regions of the bar, so
that the increased strength and hardness due to strain
hardening is achieved predominantly near the surface
of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the greater the
penetration of strain hardening. Thus, the mechanical
properties of a given strain hardened fastener are depen-
dent not just on the alloy, but also on the size of bar
from which it is machined.

284