P2 2 Foundation Questions

Q1. The diagram shows a supermarket worker stacking jars of coffee onto a shelf.
(a) The mass of each jar of coffee is 0.4 kg.
Calculate the weight of each jar of coffee.
gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Weight = ................................... N
(2)
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(b) The distance between the floor and the middle shelf is 1.2 m.
Calculate the work done to lift one jar of coffee from the floor onto the shelf.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer
and give the unit.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Work done = ...........................................

(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q2. The International Space Station (ISS) is a scientific research laboratory in space.
The photograph shows a rocket carrying supplies for the ISS ready for take-off.
By User Audin on en.wikipedia (Great Images in NASA)

[Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Page 2 of 74
(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer in each box to complete each sentence.
Zero.
The resultant force on the rocket before take-off is large.
small.
(1)
(b) (i) The mass of the rocket before take-off is 500 000 kg.
The resultant force on the rocket just after take-off is 6 000 000 N.
Calculate the acceleration of the rocket just after take-off.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Acceleration = .....................................................
Draw a ring around the correct unit.
m m/s m/s2
(3)
(c) In the first second after take-off the speed of the rocket increases.
Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.
decreases.
As the speed of the rocket increases the frictional force on the rocket increases.
stays the same.

(1)
(d) The mass of the rocket decreases as fuel is burnt.
Before connecting with the ISS, the velocity of the rocket is 0.05 m / s and the mass of the
rocket is 15 000 kg.
Calculate the momentum of the rocket before connecting with the ISS.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Momentum = .................................................. kg m / s
(2)
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(e) It is important to reduce the velocity of the rocket to zero as it connects with the ISS.
Suggest two possible problems if the rocket does not have zero velocity when it
connects with the ISS.
1 .....................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(f) It has cost over 90 billion pounds to build and maintain the ISS for the last 30 years.
Do you think the cost is justified?
Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / No
Give a reason for your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Q3. The diagram shows a high diving platform at a swimming pool.

The height of the board from the water is 5 metres.
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(a) (i) The mass of the diver is 50 kg.
The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.
Calculate the weight of the diver.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Weight = ............................................................ N
(2)
(ii) A different diver weighs 600 N.
Calculate the work done when this diver climbs the steps to the top of the diving
platform.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Work done =............................................................ J

(2)
(b) The diagram shows a diver as she enters the water.
When the diver enters the water she slows down.
Why?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
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(c) Some swimming pools have diving platforms at different heights above the water.
The graph below shows the mean depth a diver reaches in the water after diving from
platforms of different heights.
(i) What happens to the mean depth the diver reaches as the height of the diving
platform increases?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) A family is going to build a swimming pool. They are thinking about putting in a 5
metre high diving platform.
Suggest the minimum depth their swimming pool needs to be.
Explain your answer.
Minimum depth ........................................ metres
Reason .................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 9 marks)
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Q4. Figure 1 shows an astronaut floating in space. She is stationary.
Figure 1
(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
mass
The momentum of the astronaut is zero.
density
(1)
(b) The astronaut throws a hammer in the direction shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
(i) As she throws the hammer, the astronaut will move.
Draw an arrow on Figure 2 to show the direction the astronaut will move as she
throws the hammer.
(1)
(ii) The momentum of the hammer is 5 kgm / s.
What is the momentum of the astronaut?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
0 kgm / s 5 kgm / s 10 kgm / s

(1)
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(iii) In space there is no air.
What will happen to the astronaut after she has thrown the hammer?
Tick () one box.
)
Tick (
She will slow down and stop.
She will continue moving at a steady speed.
She will accelerate.
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q5. (a) The diagram shows a car being driven at 14 rn/s. The driver has forgotten to clear a
thick layer of snow from the roof.
Which of the following has the smallest momentum? Draw a circle around your answer.
the car the driver the snow
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Seeing an obstacle in the road, the driver applies the car brakes. The car slows down in a
straight line.
(i) Does the momentum of the car increase, decrease or stay the same?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
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(ii) As the car slows down the snow starts to slide. In which direction will the snow start
to slide, backwards, forwards or sideways?
..........................................................................................................................
Give a reason for your choice of direction.
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Draw a circle around the unit which can be used to measure momentum.
Nm J/s Ns
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q6. The picture shows luggage which has been loaded onto a conveyor belt.
Each piece of luggage has a different mass.
Mass of A = 22 kg mass of B = l2 kg mass of C = 15 kg
(a) (i) What is the momentum of the luggage before the conveyor belt starts to move?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) When the conveyor belt is switched on the luggage moves with a constant speed.
Which piece of luggage A, B or C has the most momentum?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
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(iii) At one point the conveyor belt turns left. The luggage on the belt continues to move
at a constant speed.
Does the momentum of the luggage change as it turns left with the conveyor belt?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Draw a circle around the unit which can be used to measure momentum.
J/s kg m/s Nm
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q7. (a) The weightlifter in the picture has lifted a weight of 2250 newtons above his head. The
weight is held still.
(i) In the box are the names of three forms of energy.
gravitational potential kinetic sound
Which one of these forms of energy does the weight have?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
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(ii) What force is used by the weightlifter to hold the weight still?
Size of force = .................................................... N
Give a reason for your answer ........................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) To lift the weight, the weightlifter does 4500 joules of work in 3.0 seconds.
Use the following equation to calculate the power developed by the weightlifter. Show
clearly how you work out your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Power = ................................................. watts

(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 11 of 74
Q8. The diagram shows the forces on a small, radio-controlled, flying toy.
(a) (i) The mass of the toy is 0.06 kg.

Gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg
Use the equation in the box to calculate the weight of the toy.
weight = mass gravitational field strength
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
Weight = .................................................
(3)
(ii) Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
When the toy is hovering stationary in mid-air, the lift force is
bigger than
the same as the weight of the toy.
smaller than
(1)
(b) When the motor inside the toy is switched off, the toy starts to accelerate downwards.
(i) What does the word accelerate mean?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) What is the direction of the resultant force on the falling toy?
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
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(iii) Does the momentum of the toy increase, decrease or stay the same?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q9. The picture shows two children, X and Y, skating towards each other at an ice rink.
The children collide with each other, fall over and stop.
(a) Before the collision the children had different amounts of kinetic energy.
(i) What are the two factors that determine the kinetic energy of the children?
1 ........................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) What was the total kinetic energy of the children after they had fallen over and
stopped?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) The total momentum of the children before and after the collision is zero.
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(i) Use the equation in the box and the data given in the diagram to calculate the
momentum of child Y before the collision.
momentum = mass velocity
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Momentum = ............................................... kg m/s

(2)
(ii) Complete the following sentence using one of the words in the box.
conserved decreased increased
The total momentum of the two children was ..................................................

(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q10. The diagram shows a child on a playground swing.
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(a) The playground surface is covered in rubber safety tiles. The tiles reduce the risk of
serious injury to children who fall off the swing.
The graph gives the maximum height that a child can fall onto rubber safety tiles of
different thicknesses and be unlikely to get a serious head injury.
(i) Describe how the maximum height of fall relates to the thickness of the rubber safety
tile.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The maximum height of any of the playground rides is 2 metres.
What tile thickness should be used in the playground?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Use phrases from the box to complete the following sentences.
the force on the work done to stop the time taken to stop
(i) Falling onto a rubber surface compared to a hard surface increases
............................................................ the child.

(1)
Page 15 of 74
(ii) Momentum is lost more slowly falling onto a rubber surface than on a hard surface.
This reduces ............................................................ the child.

(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q11. The diagram shows an adult and a child pushing a loaded shopping trolley.
(a) (i) What is the total force on the trolley due to the adult and child?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Which one of the terms in the box means the same as total force?
Draw a ring around your answer.
answer force mean force resultant force

(1)
(iii) The trolley is pushed at a constant speed for 80 metres.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the work done to push the trolley 80 metres.
work done = force applied distance moved in direction of force
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
Work done = ............................................................

(2)
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(b) Complete the following sentences by drawing a ring around the correct word in each of the
boxes.
joule
(i) The unit of work done is the newton .
watt
(1)
heat
(ii) Most of the work done to push the trolley is transformed into light .
sound
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q12. (a) The diagram shows three skiers, X, Y and Z, on a moving chairlift.
The mass of each skier is given in the table.
Which one of the skiers, X, Y or Z, has the most momentum?
.....................................................................................................................................
Give the reason for your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
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(b) At one point in the journey, the chairlift accelerates to a higher speed.
What happens to the momentum of the three skiers as the chairlift accelerates?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q13. The diagram shows a supermarket worker stacking jars of coffee onto a shelf.
(a) The mass of each jar of coffee is 0.4 kg.
Calculate the weight of each jar of coffee.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Weight = ................................... N
(2)
Page 18 of 74
(b) The distance between the floor and the middle shelf is 1.2 m.
Calculate the work done to lift one jar of coffee from the floor onto the shelf.
Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer
and give the unit.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Work done = ...........................................

(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q14. (a) The diagram shows three identical go-karts, P, Q and R, travelling at different speeds
along the straight part of an outdoor racetrack.
Which go-kart, P, Q or R, has the greatest momentum?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
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(b) The total mass of go-kart Q and the driver is 130 kg.
(i) Use the equation in the box to calculate the total momentum of go-kart Q and the
driver.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Momentum = ...........................................
(2)
(ii) Which of the following is the unit of momentum?
J/s kg m/s Nm
(1)
(c) To race safely at high speed, a go-kart driver must have fast reaction times and the
outdoor racetrack should be dry.
(i) How would being tired affect a drivers reaction time?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) How would a wet track affect the braking distance of a go-kart?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 20 of 74
Q15. Motorway accidents have many causes.
(a) Which one of the following is most likely to increase the chance of a car being in an
accident?
Tick ( ) the box next to your answer.
The car has just had new tyres fitted.
The driver has been drinking alcohol.
A road surface in dry conditions
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) The diagram shows three designs of motorway crash barriers.
Steel sheets Steel ropes Solid concrete
Before a new design of barrier is used, it must be tested.

A car of mass 1500 kg is driven at 30 m/s to hit the barrier at an angle of 20 degrees.
This barrier must slow the car down and must not break.
Explain why the mass of the car, the speed of the car and the angle at which the car hits
the barrier must be the same in every test.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
Page 21 of 74
(c) A group of scientists has suggested that new designs of crash barriers should be first
tested using computer simulations.
Which two statements give sensible reasons for testing new barrier designs using a
computer simulation?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to each of your answers.
The design of the barrier can be changed easily.
Data for different conditions can be obtained quickly.
Simulations are more realistic than using cars and barriers.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q16. (a) (i) The diagram shows three vehicles travelling along a straight road at 14 m/s.
Which vehicle has the greatest momentum?
............................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
Page 22 of 74
(ii) Use the equation in the box to calculate the momentum of the motorbike when it
travels at 14 m/s.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Momentum = ............................................................kg m/s

(2)
(b) The motorbike follows the lorry for a short time, and then accelerates to overtake both the
lorry and van.
(i) Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
When the motorbike starts to overtake, the kinetic energy
decreases.
of the motorbike stays the same.
increases.
(1)
(ii) Give a reason for your answer to part (b)(i).
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 23 of 74
(iii) The graph shows the velocity of the motorbike up to the time when it starts to
accelerate. The motorbike accelerates constantly, going from a speed of 14 m/s to a
speed of 20 m/s in a time of 2 seconds. The motorbike then stays at 20 m/s.
Complete the graph to show the motion of the motorbike over the next 4 seconds.
(3)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 24 of 74
Q17. (a) A van has a mass of 3200 kg. The diagram shows the van just before and just after it
collides with the back of a car.
Before collision After collision
Just before the collision, the van was moving at 5 m/s and the car was stationary.
(i) Use the equation in the box to calculate the momentum of the van just before the
collision.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Momentum = .............................. kg m/s

(2)
(ii) The collision makes the van and car join together.
What is the total momentum of the van and the car just after the collision?
Momentum = .............................. kg m/s

(1)
(iii) Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
more than
The momentum of the car before the collision is the same as the
less than
momentum of the car after the collision.

(1)
Page 25 of 74
(b) A seat belt is one of the safety features of a car.
In a collision, wearing a seat belt reduces the risk of injury.
Use words or phrases from the box to complete the following sentences.
decreases stays the same increases
In a collision, the seat belt stretches. The time it takes for the person held by the seat belt
to lose momentum compared to a person not wearing a seat belt,
.................................................................................................... .
The force on the persons body ............................................................................. and so

reduces the risk of injury.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 26 of 74
Q18. The diagram shows a helicopter being used to rescue a person from the sea.
(a) (i) The mass of the rescued person is 72 kg.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the weight of the rescued person.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Weight = .................................................. N
(2)
(ii) An electric motor is used to lift the person up to the helicopter.

The motor lifts the person at a constant speed.
State the size of the force, T, in the cable.
Force T = .................................................. N
(1)
(b) To lift the person up to the helicopter, the electric motor transformed 21 600 joules of
energy usefully.
(i) Use a form of energy from the box to complete the following sentence.
gravitational potential heat sound
The electric motor transforms electrical energy to kinetic energy. The kinetic energy
is then transformed into useful ..................................................... energy.

(1)
Page 27 of 74
(ii) It takes 50 seconds for the electric motor to lift the person up to the helicopter.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the power of the electric motor.
Choose the unit from the list below.
coulomb (C) hertz (Hz) watt (W)
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Power = ..................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 28 of 74
Q19. The picture shows three skateboarders, A, B and C.
Skateboarder A is not moving.

Skateboarder B is moving towards the ramp at a constant speed.
Skateboarder C is moving on the ramp at a constant speed.
(a) The skateboarders have different amounts of kinetic energy.
Which two factors affect the kinetic energy of the skateboarders?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your answer.
direction and mass
mass and speed
speed and direction
(1)
(b) The skateboarders also have different amounts of momentum.
(i) Which one of the skateboarders has the smallest amount of momentum?
A B C
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
Page 29 of 74
(ii) Skateboarder B has a mass of 55 kg.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the momentum of skateboarder B when
moving at 4 m/s.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Momentum = .................................................. kg m/s

(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q20. The diagram shows a worker using a constant force of 60 N to push a crate across the
floor.
My Revision Notes AQA GCSE Physics for A* C,

Steve Witney, Philip Allan UK
(a) The crate moves at a constant speed in a straight line
(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the friction force
acting on the moving crate.
(1)
(ii) State the size of the friction force acting on the moving crate.
.................................................. N
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
Page 30 of 74
(b) Calculate the work done by the worker to push the crate 28 metres.
joule newton watt
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Work done = ..................................................

(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q21. (a) The diagrams, A, B and C, show the horizontal forces acting on a moving car.
Draw a line to link each diagram to the description of the cars motion at the moment when
the forces act.
Draw only three lines.
stationary
constant speed
slowing down
accelerating
forwards
(3)
Page 31 of 74
(b) The front crumple zone of a car is tested at a road traffic laboratory. This is done by using
a remote control device to drive the car into a strong barrier. Electronic sensors are
attached to a dummy inside the car.
(i) Draw an arrow in Box 1 to show the direction of the force that the car exerts on the
barrier.
(1)
(ii) Draw an arrow in Box 2 to show the direction of the force that the barrier exerts on
the car.
(1)
(iii) Complete the following by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.
The car exerts a force of 5000 N on the barrier. The barrier does not move. The force
more than
exerted by the barrier on the car will be equal to 5000 N.
less than
(1)
(iv) Which one of the following gives the most likely reason for attaching electronic
sensors to the dummy?
To measure the speed of the car just before the impact.
To measure the forces exerted on the dummy during the impact.
To measure the distance the car travels during the impact.
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 32 of 74
Q22. A student used an electric heater to heat a metal block. The student measured the energy
input to the heater with a joulemeter.
Before starting the experiment, the student reset the joulemeter to zero. The student switched
the power supply on for exactly 10 minutes. During this time, the reading on the joulemeter
increased to 14 400.
(a) (i) Calculate the energy transferred each second from the power supply to the heater.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Energy transferred each second = ...................................... J/s

(2)
(ii) What is the power of the heater?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 33 of 74
(b) The student measured the temperature of the metal block every minute. The data obtained
by the student is displayed in the graph.
(i) What range of temperatures did the student measure?
From ............................................. C to ............................................. C

(1)
Page 34 of 74
(ii) Before starting the experiment, the student had calculated that the temperature of the
block would go up by 36 C.
The students data shows a smaller increase.
Which one of the following statements gives the most likely reason for this?
The student does not read the thermometer accurately.
The block transfers energy to the surroundings.
The power supply is not connected correctly to the joulemeter.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q23. (a) The diagram shows a cricketer bowling a ball.
(i) The cricketer bowls the ball at 20 m/s.
How could the kinetic energy of this ball have been increased?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 35 of 74
(ii) The ball has a mass of 0.16 kg.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the momentum of the ball
when it is bowled at 20 m/s.
kg m/s m/s2 Nm
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Momentum = .............................................
(3)
(b) The batsman misses the ball and the ball hits the cricket stumps.
As the ball hits the stumps, the ball loses both kinetic energy and momentum.
(i) What happens to the kinetic energy lost by the ball?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 36 of 74
(ii) Even though the ball loses momentum, the total momentum of the ball and stumps
just before the ball hits the stumps is the same as the total momentum of the ball
and stumps just after the collision.
Explain how this is possible.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q24. A powerlifter lifts a 180 kg bar from the floor to above his head.
(a) Use the equation in the box to calculate the weight of the bar.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Weight = ............................................. N
(2)
Page 37 of 74
(b) The powerlifter uses a constant force to lift the bar a distance of 2.1 m.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the work done by the powerlifter.
work done = force applied distance moved in direction of force
joule newton watt
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Work done = .............................................

(3)
(c) At the end of the lift, the powerlifter holds the bar stationary, above his head, for two
seconds.
How much work does the powerlifter do on the bar during these two seconds?
0 90 360 900
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 38 of 74
Q25. The diagram shows a climber part way up a cliff.
(a) Complete the sentence.
When the climber moves up the cliff, the climber
gains gravitational ............................................ energy.

(1)
(b) The climber weighs 660 N.
(i) Calculate the work the climber must do against gravity, to climb to the top of the cliff.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Work done = .................................................. J

(2)
(ii) It takes the climber 800 seconds to climb to the top of the cliff.
During this time the energy transferred to the climber equals the work done by the
climber.
Calculate the power of the climber during the climb.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Power = .................................................. W
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 39 of 74
Q26. Part of a bus route is along a high street.
The distance-time graph shows how far the bus travelled along the high street and how long it
took.
Time in seconds
(a) Between which two points was the bus travelling the slowest?
Points Tick ( )
AB
CD
DE
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
Page 40 of 74
(b) The bus travels at 5 m/s between points A and B.
The bus and passengers have a total mass of 16 000 kg.
Use the equation in the box to calculate the momentum of the bus and passengers
between points A and B.
momentum = mass x velocity
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Momentum = .................................................. kg m/s

(2)
(c) A cyclist made the same journey along the high street.
The cyclist started at the same time as the bus and completed the journey in 220
seconds. The cyclist travelled the whole distance at a constant speed.
(i) Draw a line on the graph to show the cyclists journey.

(2)
(ii) After how many seconds did the cyclist overtake the bus?
The cyclist overtook the bus after ............................................. seconds.

(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q27. Some students designed and built an electric-powered go-kart.

The go-kart is shown below.
(a) Suggest two changes that could be made to the design of the go-kart to increase its top
speed.
1 ........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
Page 41 of 74
(b) A go-kart with a new design is entered into a race.
The velocity-time graph for the go-kart, during the first 40 seconds of the race, is shown
below.
Time in seconds
(i) Between which two points did the go-kart have the greatest acceleration?
Tick ( ) one box.
AB
BC
CD
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) The go-kart travels at a speed of 13 m/s between points D and E.

The total mass of the go-kart and driver is 140 kg.
Calculate the momentum of the go-kart and driver between points D and E.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Momentum = .................................................. kg m/s

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 42 of 74
Q28. (a) The diagram shows two forces acting on an object.
What is the resultant force acting on the object?
Tick ( ) one box.
8 N to the right
8 N to the left
4 N to the right
4 N to the left
(1)
Page 43 of 74
(b) BASE jumpers jump from very high buildings and mountains for sport.
The diagram shows the forces acting on a BASE jumper in flight.

The BASE jumper is wearing a wingsuit.
(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete each sentence.
smaller than
The BASE jumper accelerates forwards when force A is equal to force B.
bigger than
smaller than
The BASE jumper falls with a constant speed when force C is equal to force D.
bigger than
(2)
Page 44 of 74
(ii) To land safely the BASE jumper opens a parachute.
What effect does opening the parachute have on the speed of the falling BASE
jumper?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q29. A paintball gun is used to fire a small ball of paint, called a paintball, at a target.
The figure below shows someone just about to fire a paintball gun.
The paintball is inside the gun.
(a) What is the momentum of the paintball before the gun is fired?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
Page 45 of 74
(b) The gun fires the paintball forwards at a velocity of 90 m / s.
The paintball has a mass of 0.0030 kg.
Calculate the momentum of the paintball just after the gun is fired.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Momentum = ........................................ kg m / s
(2)
(c) The momentum of the gun and paintball is conserved.
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
equal to greater than less than
The total momentum of the gun and paintball just after the gun is fired
will be ....................................................... the total momentum of the gun and paintball
before the gun is fired.

(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 46 of 74
M1. (a) 4 (N)
allow 1 mark for correct substitution into correct equation
ie 0.4 10
2
(b) 4.8
their (a) 1.2 correctly calculated gains 2 marks
allow 1 mark for substitution into correct equation
ie 4 1.2 or their (a)(i) 1.2
2
joule or J
1
[5]
M2. (a) zero

1
(b) 12
award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of working
allow 1 mark for
provided no subsequent working
2
m/s2
if no circle accept correct unit on answer line
1
(c) increases
1
(d) 750
award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of working
allow 1 mark for 15 000 0.05 provided no subsequent working
2
(e) any two from
damage (during the connection)

accept collision / crash
the whole space station could move
failure to dock
2
Page 47 of 74
(f) yes answers
no mark for yes or no
scientific research
may find answers to unknown questions
new discoveries / technology
no answers
reference to world economy in decline

allow suitable examples of more important issues
could spend the money on more important issues

1
[10]
M3. (a) (i) 500

correct answer with or without working = 2 marks
allow 1 mark for 50 10
2
(ii) 3000
correct answer with or without working = 2 marks
allow 1 mark for 600 5
2
(b) friction / drag/ upthrust or water resistance (work against the motion)
allow energy transferred to the water as heat
allow reference to change in density
1
(c) (i) increases

1
(ii) (depth)
greater than 4m or any number greater than 4

1
(reason)
some divers will go deeper than 4m / 4m is the mean depth

1
depth of pool needs to be greater for safety reasons

if a depth of 4m is given allow 1 mark for the diver reaches a depth
of 4m (for a 5m platform)
and / or 1 mark for a consequence of it being less than 4m in terms
of safety
1
[9]
Page 48 of 74
M4. (a) momentum
1
(b) (i) horizontal arrow drawn pointing to the left

horizontal judged by eye
arrow can be drawn anywhere on the diagram
1
(ii) -5 kgm / s
1
(iii) she will continue moving at a steady speed

1
[4]
M5. (a) the snow

1
smallest mass
do not accept it is not moving
accept weight for mass
accept its the lightest
1
(b) (i) decrease

1
velocity reducing
accept speed for velocity
accept it is stopping
do not accept the brakes are on
accept car is decelerating
1
(ii) forwards
1
direction of momentum does not change

or the car stops and snow does not
dependent on forwards given
accept answers given in terms of Newtons second or first law of
motion
accept momentum of snow
do not accept the snow still has momentum
1
(c) Ns
1
[7]
Page 49 of 74
M6. (a) (i) zero
accept nothing
1
speed is zero
accept not moving
1
(ii) A
1
largest mass or weight

accept heaviest luggage
do not accept largest luggage
1
(iii) momentum does change

accept yes
1
direction is changing
accept velocity is changing
do not accept answers in terms of
speed changing
1
(iv) kg m/s
1
[7]
M7. (a) (i) gravitational potential

accept gravitational
accept potential
1
(ii) 2250 (N)

1
forces must be balanced

or
forces are equal and opposite
do not accept because it is not moving
do not accept equilibrium by itself
do not accept it is not balanced
do not accept forces are equal
do not accept forces are the same
1
Page 50 of 74
(b) 1500
1 mark for correct substitution
2
[5]
M8. (a) (i) 0.6

allow 1 mark for correct substitution
2
newtons
accept N
do not accept n
accept Newtons
1
(ii) the same as

1
(b) (i) changed velocity

accept increased/ decreased for change
accept change direction
accept getting faster/ slower
accept start/ stop moving
accept correct equation in terms of change in speed or change in
velocity
1
(ii) down(wards)
accept towards the ground
accept
do not accept south
1
(iii) increase
velocity is increasing
can only credit second mark if answer is increase
or it is accelerating
accept is moving faster
1
accept an answer in terms of resultant force downwards
mention of weight/ mass increasing negates second mark
1
[8]
Page 51 of 74
M9. (a) (i) mass
do not accept weight
1
speed
accept velocity
answers can be in either order
1
(ii) zero
accept nothing
1
(b) (i) 100

allow 1 mark for correct substitution of data
2
(ii) conserved
1
[6]
M10. (a) (i) the thicker the tile, the greater the(fall) height
accept the higher (the fall) the thicker the tile
accept there is a positive correlation
do not accept they are proportional
1
(ii) 60 (mm)
accept any number or range between 60 and 85 inclusive
if units are given must match range
1
(minimum thickness) needed to reduce risk of injury

reason must match thickness choice
do not accept to keep child safe
accept an answer in terms of the thicker the tile, the less chance
there is of a serious injury if the answer given is greater than 60
accept answers in terms of use of graph e.g. the graph shows that
for a 2m fall a thickness of 60 mm is needed
minimum level answer the graph shows thats whats needed
accept only if 60 is the answer
1
(b) (i) the time taken (to stop)

1
(ii) (the) force (on)

1
[5]
Page 52 of 74
M11. (a) (i) 50 (N)
ignore any units
1
(ii) resultant force

1
(iii) 4000
accept their (a)(i) 80 correctly calculated for 2 marks
allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e. 50 80 or their (a)(i) 80
ignore any units
2
(b) (i) joule

1
(ii) heat
1
[6]
M12. (a) Y
accept the one in the middle
accept 90
1
has the biggest mass

reason does not score if X or Z is chosen
accept weighs the most
accept they are the heaviest
accept has a larger mass
do not accept weighs 90kgs on its own
biggest/larger on its own is not sufficient
1
(b) increases
1
[3]
M13. (a) 4 (N)

allow 1 mark for correct substitution into correct equation
ie 0.4 10
2
Page 53 of 74
(b) 4.8
their (a) 1.2 correctly calculated gains 2 marks
allow 1 mark for substitution into correct equation
ie 4 1.2 or their (a)(i) 1.2
2
joule or J
1
[5]
M14. (a) R
reason cannot score if R is not chosen
1
has the greatest speed / velocity

accept it is going at 28 m/s
answer should be comparative
1
(b) (i) 3250

allow 1 mark for correct substitution of 130 and 25
ie 130 25
accept 2600 or 3640 for 1 mark
2
(ii) kg m/s
accept answer given in (b)(i) if no answer given here
1
(c) (i) increase it

accept make it slower
accept slow it down
accept make it longer
accept (reactions) would be slower
do not accept if the answer clearly refers to distance
comparative answers expected
1
(ii) increase it
accept make it longer
do not accept if the answer clearly refers to time
comparative answers expected
1
[7]
M15. (a) The driver has been drinking alcohol.

reason only scores if this box is ticked
1
Page 54 of 74
driver's reaction time increases
accept slower reactions
accept slower reaction time
or
thinking distance / stopping distance increases
do not accept braking distance increases
or
driver less alert
accept driver may fall asleep / be tired
1
(b) they are all variables that could affect outcome / results
accept specific effect of changing one of the variables
accept to make the test valid
ignore reliable
1
so data / barriers can be compared

accept to see which is / works best / safest
do not accept fair test on its own
1
(c) ticks in both the top and middle boxes

1
[5]
M16. (a) (i) lorry

reason only scores if lorry chosen
1
greatest mass
accept heaviest
accept correct calculations for all 3 vehicles
the biggest is insufficient
1
(ii) 2450
ie 175 14
2
(b) (i) increases

accept any clear indication of the correct answer
1
Page 55 of 74
(ii) speed increases
accept velocity for speed
accept gets faster
do not accept it accelerates on its own
moves more is insufficient
1
(iii) straight line going to 6, 20

allow 1 mark for a curve going to 6,20
or a straight line diagonally upwards but missing 6,20
2
horizontal line from 6,20 to 8,20

allow a horizontal line from where their diagonal meets 20m/s to
8,20
1
[9]
M17. (a) (i) 16 000

allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 3200 5
2
(ii) 16 000 or their (a)(i)

1
(iii) less than

1
(b) increases
1
decreases
correct order only
1
[6]
M18. (a) (i) 720

allow 1 mark for correct substitution,
ie 72 10 provided no subsequent step shown
2
(ii) 720
or
their (a)(i)
1
(b) (i) gravitational potential

allow gravitational
allow potential
1
Page 56 of 74
(ii) 432
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie provided no

subsequent step shown
watt / W
1
[7]
M19. (a) mass and speed

1
(b) (i) A
reason cannot score if B or C chosen
1
velocity = 0 (m/s)
accept not moving
accept lowest velocity / speed
1
(ii) 220
allow 1 mark for correct substitution,
ie 55 4 provided no subsequent step shown
2
[5]
M20. (a) (i) horizontal arrow pointing to the left

judge by eye
drawn anywhere on the diagram
1
(ii) 60 (N)
1
(at steady speed) resultant force must be zero

accept forces must balance/are equal
accept no acceleration
do not accept constant speed
1
(b) 1680
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 60 x 28 provided no
2
Page 57 of 74
joule
accept J
do not accept j
1
[6]
M21. (a) 3 lines drawn

all correct
allow 1 mark for each correct line
if two or more lines are drawn from any diagram then all these lines are incorrect
(b) (i) horizontal arrow to the right

judge by eye
accept an arrow drawn outside the box if it is labelled correctly
1
(ii) horizontal arrow to the left

judge by eye
accept an arrow drawn outside the box if it is labelled correctly
1
(iii) equal to
1
Page 58 of 74
(iv) to measure the forces exerted on the dummy during the impact
1
[7]
M22. (a) (i) 24

allow 1 mark for converting time to 600 seconds
or showing method ie 14400/10
or
provided no further steps shown

2
(ii) 24
ignore any unit
or
their (a)(i)
1
(b) (i) 20 45
both required either order
1
(ii) the block transfers energy to the surroundings

1
[5]
M23. (a) (i) bowl the ball faster

accept increase its speed
accept a stated speed above 20 m/s
increase momentum is insufficient
bowl ball with greater power/force is insufficient
bowl ball harder is insufficient
do not accept increase mass of ball
1
(ii) 3.2
allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e. 0.16 20 provided no
further steps shown
2
kg m/s
accept any clear indication of correct answer
1
Page 59 of 74
(b) (i) work done by ball to move stumps
accept transformed into heat / sound
accept transferred to surroundings
accept transferred to the stumps
do not accept absorbed by the stumps
1
(ii) the stumps gain momentum

1
equal to momentum lost by ball

accept momentum is conserved
1
[7]
M24. (a) 1800 (N)

allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie 180 10 provided no further
steps shown
2
(b) 3780
or
their (a) 2.1 correctly calculated
ie 1800 or their (a) 2.1 provided no further steps shown
2
joule
accept J
accept any clear indication of correct answer
1
(c) 0
reason does not score if 0 not chosen
1
work is only done when a force makes an object move

accept distance moved is zero
accept no energy transfer (to the bar)
accept the bar is not moving/is stationary
it refers to the bar/weights
1
[7]
M25. (a) potential

1
Page 60 of 74
(b) (i) 13 200
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 660 20 provided no
2
(ii) 16.5
allow 1 mark for correct
or
correctly calculated
substitution, ie or
provided no subsequent step shown

2
[5]
M26. (a) DE
reason only scores if D E chosen
1
shallowest slope / gradient

accept smallest distance in biggest time
accept longest time to travel the same distance
accept the line is not as steep
accept it is a less steep line
do not accept the line is not steep
1
(b) 80 000
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 16 000 5 provided no
2
(c) (i) straight line starting at origin

accept within one small square of the origin
1
passing through t = 220 and d = 500

1
(i) 186
accept any value between 180 and 188
accept where their line intersects given graph line correctly read
4 s
1
[7]
Page 61 of 74
M27. (a) any two from:
(make shape / body) more streamlined

accept a correct description
accept lower the seating position of the driver
increase power of engine

faster engine is insufficient
reduce mass / weight (of go-kart)

change wheel size is insufficient
2
(b) (i) AB
reason only scores if AB is chosen
1
steepest / steeper gradient / slope

1
(iii) 1820
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 140 13 provided no
2
[6]
M28. (a) 4 N to the right

1
(b) (i) bigger than

1
equal to
1
(ii) reduces it
1
increases air resistance / drag / force C

accept parachute has large(r) (surface) area
1
[5]
Page 62 of 74
M29. (a) Zero / 0
Accept none
Nothing is insufficent
1
velocity / speed = 0
accept it is not moving
paintball has not been fired is insufficient
1
(b) 0.27
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie p = 0.003(0) 90 provided
no subsequent step
2
(c) equal to
1
[5]
Page 63 of 74
E2. (a) Around half of the students knew that the resultant force on the rocket before take-off
was zero. The most common distracter was that the resultant force was large, probably
due to thinking a rocket needs a large force to take-off and not knowing the meaning of
resultant.
(b) This question was well answered with a good number of students obtaining full marks.
Those who did lose a mark did so because they selected the incorrect unit. The most
common unit chosen was m/s. It was certainly evident that the majority of students had
calculators, but a few did enter the wrong number of zeros. However, they still attained one
mark for the correct substitution of values into the equation. A few used the incorrect
format for the equation of F = ma and then simply multiplied the two numbers they were
given in the question.
(c) Disappointingly, only half the students knew that frictional forces increase when the speed
of the rocket increases. Decreases was a popular distracter.
(d) The examiners were pleased with the fact that three quarters of the students gained full
marks for this calculation. A few substituted correctly but then missed a zero from one of
the values when they evaluated the answer using their calculator. Surprisingly, there were
quite a few who did not attempt this question despite having the Physics Equations Sheet
to hand.
(e) The majority of students gave at least one sensible suggestion as to why the rocket needs
to have zero velocity when connecting to ISS, often expressing their answer in terms of
crashing or damage. However, there were quite a few who confused the scenario with
the rocket taking off or landing.
(f) A high number of the students believed that the cost of the ISS was justified in terms of
scientific research or new discoveries. Those who thought it was not a justified cost did
not answer as well and gave vague suggestions, such as because it costs too much. A
few misunderstood the question and said the cost wasnt justified because it shouldnt
cost that much or because it costs a lot to maintain.
Page 64 of 74
E3. (a) (i) Most students arrived at the correct 500 for the weight of the diver. The most
common error was to divide the divers mass by gravitational field strength, rather
than to multiply the two figures. Very few students were awarded just the one mark,
as even without a calculator, they were able to complete the sum they had written.
(ii) A whole range of equation manipulations and additional calculations were offered.
Students should be aware that, at this level, they will not be required to manipulate
the equations provided for them on the Equations Sheet and so calculations are
merely a matter of substituting the correct values into the equation. A number of
students tried incorrectly to use the same equation that they had already used in part
(i).
(b) The reason for the diver slowing down was not well known. Although a minority correctly
referred to water resistance, friction or drag, it was by no means uncommon for
students to suggest that air resistance increased in the water. Some students thought
that the diver somehow weighs less or that gravity reduces when they enter the water,
perhaps confused here by the everyday description of weightlessness.
(c) (i) Proved to be straight forward for the majority of students, although it appeared that
some students misinterpreted the information and / or the question, converting
depth on the y-axis to the diver being lower down in relation to the bottom of the
pool, rather than the surface, and offered decreases.
(ii) The most common suggestion was 4 metres, as students failed to recognise the
significance of mean depth from the graph. Those who did gain marks here
frequently referred to the possibility of the diver injuring themselves. Explanations for
the choice of depth sometimes centred on the mechanics as to how this depth had
been established from the graph, rather than referring to what the graph showed.
Even those who realised that a depth of greater than 4 metres was necessary for the
pool often failed to gain both of the further marks, as the idea that some divers will
exceed 4 m was usually omitted from the reason. A number of correct depths were
given as they were over 4 m but it was clear the student did not know why they had
chosen that value. A few students overthought the question, perhaps seeing a trick in
the wording, and suggested depths of under 1 metre, because the family will have
small children.
E4. (a) Approximately half the students knew that the momentum of the astronaut is zero if
they are stationary. The common distractor was mass, perhaps thinking that astronauts
have no mass, rather than no weight, in space.
(b) (i) This was generally well answered with most students giving some sort of straight
arrow pointing to the left.
(ii) A high proportion answered this correctly by knowing the momentums are equal and
opposite. Each of the distractors proved equally attractive.
(iii) Just over half of the students realised the astronaut would continue moving at a
steady speed. The common incorrect conclusion was that she would slow down
and stop.
E5. Most candidates were very familiar with the concept of momentum and answered this
question well. However in part (a) a number of candidates assumed the snow was stationary.
There were many good answers to part (b), but few correct choices of unit in part (c).
Page 65 of 74
E6. In part (a)(i) the majority of candidates understood that an object that is not moving has zero
momentum. Most candidates also realised in part (a)(ii) that the luggage with the largest mass
has the most momentum. However, in part (a)(iii) few candidates appreciated that momentum
changed when the direction changed. The unit of momentum was generally known.
E7. This question was generally answered well although very few achieved the maximum 5
marks. The principal error was in part (a)(ii) where statements purely confirming the correct
choice of 2250 N could not be credited. Candidates failed to state that if the weight is held still
then the force used by the weightlifter must act in the opposite direction to the downward force of
the weight.
E8. (a) (i) Most candidates were able to use the data and equation provided to produce a
numerical value for the weight of the toy but there were few responses which stated
the correct unit.
(ii) Most of the candidates were aware that the forces involved would need to be
balanced to enable the toy to hover.
(b) (i) Most candidates were able to explain the term acceleration however, there were
many references to move, increase etc without any elaboration.
(ii) This was question was generally answered correctly however, there were a number
of incorrect references to south.
(iii) Half of the candidates understood that the momentum would increase but few could
give a valid reason why.
E9. (a) (i) Most candidates were able to identify velocity or speed but weight was often
given as an incorrect alternative to mass.
(ii) A pleasing number of correct answers given. However a significant number of

candidates tried to complete a calculation that involved total mass and a velocity
value.
(b) (i) The substitution of values and the subsequent calculation was handled well by the
majority of candidates who scored maximum credit.
(ii) Only a minority of candidates understood that the momentum was conserved.
Page 66 of 74
E10. (a) (i) Most candidates were able to describe the relationship between the maximum
height from which a child could fall without serious head injury and the appropriate
thickness of rubber safety tiles in a playground.
(ii) The identification from the graph of the correct thickness for a fall of 2m was well
done with the second marking point being scored most often by an answer that
referred to use of the graph.
(b) (i) Few candidates scored this mark. The vast majority of candidates chose the answer
the work done to stop.
(ii) Just over half of the candidates knew that the force on the child would reduced.
E11. (a) (i) Although most of the answers for the force were correct, there were a
surprising number of incorrect answers of 400N.
(ii) Most candidates ringed the correct description of the force from the terms supplied.
(iii) Most candidates were able to use the equation provided to calculate the work done in
pushing the trolley. However a significant number of candidates either did not have a
calculator or did not know how to use one; answers of 50 80 = 400 were not
uncommon.
(b) (i) Surprisingly only just over half of the candidates know the unit for work done.
(ii) Most candidates identified the correct answer heat. However a large number of
candidates seemed to have missed the word most in the question and gave the
answer sound, presumably first hand experience of supermarket trolleys led to this
response.
E12. (a) Most candidates that correctly chose the skier with the greatest mass as the person
with greatest momentum also supplied the appropriate reason for their choice. However a
significant minority of candidates chose X or Z and gained no marks.
(b) The majority of candidates were aware that acceleration would produce an increase in the
momentum of the three skiers. However there was a large number of candidates that
clearly had not read the question correctly and gave answers in terms of an increase in
speed.
Page 67 of 74
E14. (a) This question was answered well with a majority of the candidates achieving both
marks. However, there were some responses which indicated that candidates had
interpreted m/s as being momentum per second. Some candidates thought that R had
the most momentum because it was in front.
(b) (i) Most candidates were able to multiply the mass by the velocity correctly. However, a
significant minority of candidates substituted the numbers correctly but seemed not
to have a calculator to enable them to give the correct answer.
(ii) The majority of candidates responded correctly with errors being equally split
between the two wrong answers provided. A few candidates had unfortunately tried
to split the correctly paired unit circling only either kg or m/s.
(c) (i) This question was answered well with most candidates responding in terms of an
increase in reaction time although some incorrect responses were clearly directed
towards distance, rather than time.
(ii) This question was poorly answered mainly due to candidates not answering the
question set ie, what happens to braking distances in wet conditions.
Candidates wrote excellent responses in terms of aquaplaning, skidding, lack of

traction, wet brakes, the need to brake earlier, the need for less braking force, the
increased possibility of accidents, the need to drive slower, etc. However, these
responses failed to address the question.
E15. (a) This question was generally answered well with virtually all candidates recognising
that drinking alcohol would increase the chance of an accident occurring. However, a
number of candidates failed to achieve the second mark due to identifying that there would
be an alteration of the drivers reactions, but not whether the alteration would be positive or
negative. Another common error was to state that the drivers reaction time decreases.
(b) Virtually all candidates understood the idea that a fair test was required to choose the best
barrier to slow a car and not break. However few were able to explain how a change of the
three different variables would affect the outcome and prevent a valid set of results being
produced, that would provide evidence to which crash barrier was the best of the three
under trial.
(c) Just over four fifths of candidates chose the correct answer.
Page 68 of 74
E16. (a) (i) Most candidates were aware that the lorry would have the greatest momentum
by reason of its greater mass. Vague responses, such asthe lorry is bigger, did not
gain a mark. Some candidates took advantage of the relevant equation printed on the
same page and calculated the momentum of the three vehicles. Incorrect responses
generally involved the motorbike and indicated that the candidates were confusing
momentum with the ability of the motorbike to accelerate faster than the other two.
(ii) This part question was generally answered well by those candidates with access to
calculators. Candidates should be encouraged to check their calculations carefully
as there were a number of instances of errors occurring in the transfer of the
numbers from the question stem to the lines provided, to show their method of
calculating the momentum of the motorbike.
(b) (i)&(ii)Just over nine tenths of candidates correctly answered that the kinetic energy would
increase but they had less success in giving an appropriate reason. Most of the
incorrect responses were in terms of the motorbike accelerating which had been
stated in the part question stem. There were also many vague responses involving
changes of force, power, friction, engine efficiency, etc.
(iii) Just over three quarters of candidates gained all three marks. Those that did not
often drew a diagonal line from (4, 14) up to 20 m/s on the y-axis but the lines did not
hit (6, 20) and were not subsequently continued horizontally to 8 s on the x -axis.
E17. (a) (i) This part question was answered very well with a large majority of candidates
scoring both marks. However for those candidates failing to score the marks the
main problem seemed to be lack of a calculator, or incorrect use of a calculator,
evidenced by the use of lengthy iterative processes or missing zeros in their final
answer.
(ii) Only a small minority of candidates were aware that the momentum of the vehicles
were conserved in the collision, the most incorrect common response being that the
momentum had decreased to zero.
(iii) Most candidates failed to appreciate that a stationary car has less momentum than a
moving car.
(b) Just over half of the candidates scored both marks.
Page 69 of 74
E18. (a) (i) Nearly all students scored both marks. Those students that did not often divided
by 10 rather than multiplying.
(ii) Only just over a third of students realised that at constant speed the resultant force is
zero and so the force T must equal the weight of the person. The most common
errors were dividing 720 by 10 to get 72, or simply adding 1 to 720 to give 721.
(b) (i) Most students scored this mark.
(ii) Nearly half of students scored all three marks with a further third scoring two marks
for the calculation. It seems surprising that a significant number of students failed to
choose a unit at all thereby potentially wasting one mark.
E19. (a) It was disappointing that only just over half of students could identify mass and speed
as the factors that affect kinetic energy.
(b) (i) This was well answered by nearly all students. Most students recognised that
because A was stationary or not moving that there would be no momentum.
(ii) This was correctly answered by nearly all students, with most correctly writing down
the numerical values of mass and velocity before completing the multiplication.
E20. (a) (i) Over three-quarters of students correctly showed the direction of the friction
force. Most incorrect responses involved arrows at various angles indicating where
this force was being applied between the crate and the floor rather than the direction
of its action.
(ii) Just under a third of students scored both marks in this question, the incorrect
responses being mostly in terms of the frictional force being zero, half, or twice the
pushing force of 60 N.
(b) Most students were able to correctly calculate the numerical answer, but many were
unsure of the appropriate unit, with many students incorrectly giving newton as their
response.
Page 70 of 74
E21. (a) Just over 67% of students scored all three marks. A further 25% scored two marks.
The most common error was to identify car A as being stationary, this was despite the
word moving being in bold in the stem of the question.
(b) (i) Nearly 90% of students scored this mark.
(ii) Just over 90% of students scored this mark.
(iii) This was not so well answered, with only 43% of students realising that the forces
would be equal.
(iv) The majority of students (92%) realised the reason for attaching the sensors to the
dummy.
E22. (a) (i) Nearly 50% of students scored both marks. A common error, but still gaining
one mark, was to divide by 10 minutes rather than 600 seconds.
(ii) Few students understood the connection between energy transferred each second
and power. Only 10% of students gave the correct answer.
(b) (i) Range seems to be well understood as the vast majority of students gave the correct
answer.
(ii) Nearly 74% of students gave the correct answer.
E23. (a) (i) This was poorly answered. The simple answer of bowling/ throwing the ball
faster was given by only 27% of students. Most students talked in terms of faster run
up, changing the mass of the ball or putting spin on the ball. Those students that said
to bowl the ball with a greater force did not go on to say what the effect of this would
be on the speed of the ball.
(ii) Nearly 90% of students completed the calculation correctly. This time over 50% of
students were able to identify the correct unit.
(b) (i) The better students were able to answer this question.
(ii) This was poorly answered with over 70% of students scoring zero. Many students
simply restated the question or they confused momentum and energy, writing in
terms of the kinetic energy of the ball staying the same.
Page 71 of 74
E24. (a) Nearly 80% of students scored both marks.
(b) About 40% of students completed the calculation correctly with approximately 26% of
these students being able to identify the correct unit. The most common error was to use
the mass of the bar rather than the weight of the bar. Considering how often students are
asked to give a unit it is surprising how few are able to recall the more common ones.
(c) This was poorly answered. The majority of students gave answers other than zero. Those
students choosing zero were often unable to give the correct reason for choosing this
value.
E25. (a) A majority of the students gave the correct answer.
(b) (i) A majority of students scored both marks. However, many incorrect answers
showed students multiplying the correct answer by 10 to give a final incorrect
answer.
(ii) Over half of the students scored both marks, either using their correct answer to
part (b)(i) or by the error carried forward route.
E26. (a) Nearly all candidates identified the correct section of the graph but only a minority
gained both marks by being able to give the correct reason. Many candidates were not
able to gain this mark because they did not give a comparative answer. The line is not
steep did not score where as the line is the least steep would score.
(b) Most students were able to substitute into the given equation and then calculate the correct
numerical value.
(c) (i) Just over half of the students were able to draw the correct line. A common error
was to take the line from the origin to point E.
(ii) Most of the students that answered part (c)(i) correctly were able to give the correct
answer.
E27. (a) A small number of students gained both marks. Two thirds of students gained one
mark.
(b) (i) Over three quarters of the students gained at least one mark for selecting the correct
part of the graph, nearly half gained both marks. However there were a significant
minority of students that ticked two boxes in response to the first part, indicating a
weak examination technique.
(ii) This was well done by most students. However a minority could either not complete
a correct substitution or failed to show any equation or substitution but simply gave
an incorrect numerical answer.
Page 72 of 74
E28. (a) Just under two thirds of students answered this correctly.
(b) (i) Approximately two thirds of students gained both marks.
(ii) Most students correctly stated that the BASE jumper slowed down. The reason was
not well expressed. Many students thought that an increase in upthrust was sufficient
to slow the BASE jumper whilst others said that the parachute slows the
acceleration, implying that the BASE jumper continues to accelerate.
E29. (a) Many students did not appreciate that the question simply wanted an answer of zero
and the simple reason that the paintball was not moving. Many students tried to explain
how the gun worked or give an answer in terms of forces.
(b) The correct numerical value was given by the majority of the students. Those students not
scoring both marks generally made the error of multiplying or dividing their correct answer
by a factor of 10.
(c) Only a small proportion of the students scored this mark. Most students thought that the
momentum would be greater than, presumably these students did not know the law of
conservation of momentum or did not appreciate that the question referred to both the gun
and paintball.
Page 73 of 74
Page 74 of 74

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Q1. The diagram shows a supermarket worker stacking jars of coffee onto a shelf.

(a) The mass of each jar of coffee is 0.4 kg.

Calculate the weight of each jar of coffee.

gravitational field strength = 10 N/kg

Work done = ...........................................

By User Audin on en.wikipedia (Great Images in NASA)

The resultant force on the rocket before take-off is large.

Calculate the acceleration of the rocket just after take-off.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

Draw a ring around the correct unit.

stays the same.

(d) The mass of the rocket decreases as fuel is burnt.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

Do you think the cost is justified?

Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / No

Give a reason for your answer.

Q3. The diagram shows a high diving platform at a swimming pool.

Calculate the weight of the diver.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

(ii) A different diver weighs 600 N.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

Work done =............................................................ J

(b) The diagram shows a diver as she enters the water.

When the diver enters the water she slows down.

Suggest the minimum depth their swimming pool needs to be.

Explain your answer.

Minimum depth ........................................ metres

(b) The astronaut throws a hammer in the direction shown in Figure 2.

(i) As she throws the hammer, the astronaut will move.

(ii) The momentum of the hammer is 5 kgm / s.

What is the momentum of the astronaut?

Draw a ring around the correct answer.

0 kgm / s 5 kgm / s 10 kgm / s

Tick () one box.

She will slow down and stop.

She will continue moving at a steady speed.

She will accelerate.

the car the driver the snow

Give a reason for your answer.

Give a reason for your answer.

Give a reason for your choice of direction.

Each piece of luggage has a different mass.

Mass of A = 22 kg mass of B = l2 kg mass of C = 15 kg

Give a reason for your answer.

Give a reason for your answer.

Give a reason for your answer.

(i) In the box are the names of three forms of energy.

gravitational potential kinetic sound

Which one of these forms of energy does the weight have?

Size of force = .................................................... N

Give a reason for your answer ........................................................................

Power = ................................................. watts

(a) (i) The mass of the toy is 0.06 kg.

weight = mass gravitational field strength

When the toy is hovering stationary in mid-air, the lift force is

the same as the weight of the toy.

(i) What does the word accelerate mean?

Give a reason for your answer.

momentum = mass velocity

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

Momentum = ............................................... kg m/s

conserved decreased increased