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Behavioristic CALL
1950 - Mathematician and Empiricist theory
computer pioneer Alan (eg. PLATO project:
Turing predicted that one
Behaviorism
day there would be a Aims at providing interactive,
machine that could self-paced learning using
duplicate human Audiolingualism
intelligence in every way. mainframe computers.)
Structural Linguistics Main characteristics of
1951- Whirlwind, the first
real-time computer was behavioristic CALL:
Principles of Language
built. Learning:
Based on behaviorist
1957- FORTRAN language Focus on stimulus, theory of learning.
was developed. response,
reinforcement. Focus on receptive
1959-COBOL (Common drills.
Business-Orientated Language learning is
Language) was developed. a process of habit- Mainly drill and
formation.
practice type software.
1960-Tandy Corporation
founded. Focus on drill and
Computer as tutor.
practice.
1964-DEC Mini Computer
was built. Learn through
Learning activities
imitation and promote language
1965-BASIC language was repetition. accuracy rather than
developed. fluency.
Give immediate
1967-Development on feedback. Designed to be
PASCAL implemented on
Individualized mainframe and mini
1968-LOGO language was instruction was computers.
developed. included to serve the
pace of the learner.
Criticism of Behavioristic
1970-Development of CALL: The Behaviorism and
UNIX operating system. Audiolingualism were rejected
theoretically and pedagogically
1971-First Microprocessor- by theorists and practitioners.
4004 was invented.
1974-Introduction of 8080.
An 8 Bit Microprocessor
from Intel.
1975-Formation of
Microsoft by Bill Gates and
Paul Allen.
1979-Introduction of 8088
processor.
Communicative CALL
Personal Computers (PC) (1980s)
1988 - MS-DOS 4.
WordMaster
WordStar
WordPerfect
Integrative CALL: multimedia CD-ROM
More authentic
language learning
environment is created.
E-mail
The release of CERN (WWW), a Textbook is a resource along
hypertext based system for finding with electronic resources.
and accessing internet resources. Allow learners to have
Classroom becomes a direct communication
1993- Mosaic (Web browser) was reconfigurable space with around the globe.
released.) electronic facilities.
WWW
1998 Windows98 was released.
Shockwave
Allow learners to have
real time
Web-based E-mail
communication.
Main Characteristics:
Web-based Chat
Allow computer to
Voice Chat
incorporate a variety of
media from the internet
Internet Phone
such as text, graphics,
sound, animation, and
Emerge of web authoring software video.
such as Hot Potatoes, Authorware,
and Director.
Internet resources are
Desktop Conferencing linked together by
Hypermedia.
Based on
communicative.
language teaching
approach.
Built on student's
intrinsic motivation for
authentic
communication.
Encourage interactivity
between the learner and
internet users around
the world.
More authentic
language learning
environments are
created.
Focus on a variety of
content and multi-
cultures.