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Abstract: In the present work, application of weighted aggregated sum product assessment
(WASPAS) to solve multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for optimization of welding
process. Here four decision making problems were selected in welding process, selection of
welding parameters in various welding processes such as gas metal arc welding, submerged
arc welding, friction stir welding and CO2 laser welding are presented in this paper. It was
observed that accurately ranking of the alternatives in all the selection problems. The
WASPAS method evidence the applicability, potentiality, and tractability of the method while
solving various complex decision-making problems.
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
The selection of proper input parameters for the welding process plays a significant role in
determining the quality of the weld joint. Now the manufacturer need to control the
process parameters to attain good welded joint, in terms of the bead geometry and
maximizing the tensile strength. It is necessary to determine the input parameters for the
welding process for every new welded joint based on the manufacturers specification.
Many conventional methods are there where those are time consuming, some are trail and
error application and some depends on the manufacturer knowledge and skill in that
particular process. Selection of right process parameters for the good quality of weld is
important, it must be depend on choosing the right alternative so that decision making is
also crucial in such cases.
To select the appropriate input parameters, process engineer has to apply multi-criteria
decision making (MCDM) methods for evaluating and selecting suitable input parameters.
MCDM is a division of a broad class of operation research models allocating with
decision problems under the incidence of a surplus of attributes and alternatives. It
provides refined procedural tools that are concerned towards the provision of the decision
makers in facing complex real-world decisions. MCDM (Rao and Patel 2010) methods are
most important in solving the problems related to selection, presence of multiple and
generally conflicting criteria. MCDM methods have divided into two categories such as
multi-objective decision making (MODM) and multi-attribute decision making (MADM).
MODM methods have decision variable values that are determined in a continuous or
integer domain with either an infinitive or a large number of alternative choices, the best
of which should satisfy the decision makers constraints and preference priorities. MADM
methods, on the other hand, are generally discrete, with a limited number of pre-specified
alternatives. Some of the methods applied to selection of equipment (Dadeviren 2008),
selection of robot (Bhangale et al. 2004), selection of material for femoral component
(Bahraminasab and Jahan 2011), selection of machine tool in flexible manufacturing
systems (Taha and Rostam 2012) etc., Many MCDM techniques are there, these
developed MCDM methods use different analysis models and have different decision
rules. In this paper, an attempt is made to justify the applicability and solution accuracy
for the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method. Here we have
chosen four welding process parameters optimization problems.
Step 4: calculate the total relative importance based on WPM method with eq. 4
n
Qi( 2 ) xij
wj
(4)
j 1
Step 5: in order to have improved ranking accuracy and helpfulness of the decision
making process, in the WASPAS method, a more general equation for formative the total
relative significance of alternatives is given by eq. 5
Qi . Qi(1) (1 ) . Qi( 2 ) (5)
Where = 0, 0.1,1. Here for solving the problems value is considered as 0.5
Table 1: Objective data for the attributes of gas metal arc welding process (Achebo
and Odinikuku 2015)
Electrode diameter (mm)
Maximum Minimum
Welding speed (mm/s)
Current (A)
Voltage (V)
Sl.No.
UTS CVN BP BH BW
(MPa) (J) (mm) (mm) (mm)
UTS BP BH BW
Sl.No. CVN (J) yi Rank
(MPa) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 0.8077 0.9565 0.5340 0.9111 0.3863 0.6957 5
2 0.9615 0.8696 0.2932 0.7193 0.8132 0.7068 4
3 0.7308 0.6957 0.6754 0.6613 0.5789 0.6671 6
4 0.6154 0.7826 0.2696 0.8167 0.3660 0.5431 16
5 0.7885 0.5217 0.3796 0.5511 0.7813 0.5967 9
6 0.4231 0.8696 0.2749 1.0000 0.4734 0.5715 11
7 0.5385 0.4783 0.5262 0.9535 0.3899 0.5600 12
8 0.9808 1.0000 0.9162 0.5284 0.9289 0.8634 2
9 0.9231 0.7391 0.9895 0.7193 0.6102 0.7902 3
10 0.6154 0.5217 0.5628 0.9535 0.3732 0.5878 10
11 0.4808 0.8261 0.4974 0.6879 0.3371 0.5491 14
12 0.5962 0.7217 0.6335 0.9951 0.4265 0.6576 7
13 1.0000 0.8696 1.0000 0.6902 1.0000 0.9104 1
14 0.8269 0.6087 0.5890 0.6656 0.5024 0.6342 8
15 0.5192 0.5217 0.4319 0.9535 0.3892 0.5448 15
16 0.5577 0.6957 0.4921 0.7593 0.3245 0.5508 13
Table 3: Objective data for the attributes of submerged arc welding process (Datta and
Bandyopadhyay 2008)
Minimum Maximum
Sl.No. C S B Bead Width of
Reinforcement Penetration
width HAZ
1 150 0 0.8 9.36 3.28 2.11 1.58
2 150 10 1 9.04 3.14 1.62 1.84
3 150 15 1.2 10.72 3.75 1.98 1.91
4 150 20 1.6 13.12 3.94 2.31 1.98
5 200 0 1 11.65 3.43 3.65 2.37
6 200 10 0.8 12.47 4.16 2.59 1.88
7 200 15 1.6 13.75 4.32 3.1 2.26
8 200 20 1.2 10.11 3.71 2.25 2.3
9 250 0 1.2 16.09 4.3 4.41 2.8
10 250 10 1.6 15.55 4.41 4.1 2.51
11 250 15 0.8 13.18 4.6 3.84 2.4
12 250 20 1 15.36 4.06 4.02 3.4
13 300 0 1.6 16.25 4.68 4.91 3.01
14 300 10 1.2 16.25 4.62 4.3 3.3
15 300 15 1 15.73 4.5 4.02 3.9
16 300 20 0.8 13.61 4.96 4.16 3.05
Bead Width of
Sl.No Reinforcement Penetration Yi Rank
width HAZ
1 0.9658 0.9573 0.7678 0.4051 0.7532 3
2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.4718 0.8484 1
3 0.8433 0.8373 0.8182 0.4897 0.7382 4
4 0.6890 0.7970 0.7013 0.5077 0.6693 6
5 0.7760 0.9155 0.4438 0.6077 0.6737 5
6 0.7249 0.7548 0.6255 0.4821 0.6421 9
7 0.6575 0.7269 0.5226 0.5795 0.6192 10
8 0.8942 0.8464 0.7200 0.5897 0.7577 2
9 0.5618 0.7302 0.3673 0.7179 0.5839 14
10 0.5814 0.7120 0.3951 0.6436 0.5763 15
11 0.6859 0.6826 0.4219 0.6154 0.5959 13
12 0.5885 0.7734 0.4030 0.8718 0.6458 8
13 0.5563 0.6709 0.3299 0.7718 0.5687 16
14 0.5563 0.6797 0.3767 0.8462 0.6020 12
15 0.5747 0.6978 0.4030 1.0000 0.6514 7
16 0.6642 0.6331 0.3894 0.7821 0.6077 11
Table 4 shows the optimal process parameters with the ranking of the values. The best
selection is sl. No. 2 and it has the first rank having the input process parameters as current
(C) 150 A, percentage of slag mix (S) 10, and basicity index (B) 1. The results were exactly
matched to those suggested by (Datta and Bandyopadhyay 2008).
3.3 Friction stir welding
(I. Dinaharan 2012) optimized friction stir welding process parameters by using
generalized reduced gradient method (GRG) to maximize the ultimate tensile strength
(UTS) and joint efficiency (Joint) for AA6061/ZrB2 in-situ Composite Butt Joints.
Cutting tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force and weight percentage of
ZrB2 was considered as input parameters in the experiment, a total of 31 experiments
were conducted central composite rotatable full factorial design. In this study the
higher-the-better values are considered for ultimate tensile strength and joint
efficiency. Table 5 shows the performance measures considered, normalized values
and the rank of the trail experiments.
Normalized
Axial force (F)
values
Sl.No
UTS
Joint Yi Rank
(MPa)
UTS
Joint
(MPa)
From the table 5, sr. no. 24 has the highest rank among the other trail experiments
which has highest ultimate tensile strength of 241.67 MPa and 95.52% joint efficiency with
the corresponding process parameters are tool rotational speed (1150 rpm), welding speed (50
mm/s), axial force (6 kN) and reinforcement of ZrB 2 (10 wt% ). The values obtained by
WASPAS method exactly matched with those suggested by (I. Dinaharan 2012).
(Park and Rhee 2008) used genetic algorithm in parametric optimization of AA5182
aluminum alloy by CO2 welding process with AA5356 filler wire. The input parameters such
as laser power (LP), welding speed (WS) and wire feed rate (WFR) are considered for the
study. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the weld is considered as the output, where higher
the better value is considered and are shown in table 6.
Wire
Laser Welding Tensile
feed
Sl.No power speed strength Yi Rank
rate
(kW) (m/min) (N/mm2)
(m/min)
1 2 4 6 282.13 0.9902 4
2 2 4 7.5 280.04 0.9828 6
3 2 4 9 275.48 0.9668 9
4 2 3.5 6 277.16 0.9727 8
5 2 3.5 7.5 273.55 0.9601 10
6 2 3.5 9 227.46 0.7983 18
7 2 3 6 283.15 0.9938 2
8 2 3 7.5 211.05 0.7407 19
9 2 3 9 166.68 0.5850 25
10 3 4 6 284.93 1.0000 1
11 3 4 7.5 281.62 0.9884 5
12 3 4 9 257.93 0.9052 14
13 3 3.5 6 270.84 0.9505 11
14 3 3.5 7.5 256.1 0.8988 15
15 3 3.5 9 242.6 0.8514 17
16 3 3 6 267.28 0.9381 12
17 3 3 7.5 205.99 0.7229 20
18 3 3 9 177.63 0.6234 24
19 4 4 6 282.14 0.9902 3
20 4 4 7.5 278.11 0.9761 7
21 4 4 9 252.12 0.8848 16
22 4 3.5 6 261.37 0.9173 13
23 4 3.5 7.5 204.04 0.7161 21
24 4 3.5 9 187.09 0.6566 23
25 4 3 6 192.02 0.6739 22
26 4 3 7.5 159.09 0.5583 26
27 4 3 9 111.06 0.3898 27
The optimal process parameters from the WASPAS method are seen in table 6, the
parameters are wire feed rate (3 m/min), laser power (4 kW) and welding speed (6 m/min) for
this the ultimate tensile strength is 284.93 N/mm2. From the Park work, where the process
varibles optimized by genetic algorithm are wire feed rate (2.3871 m/min), laser power (4
kW) and welding speed (8.4762 m/min). For these conditions, the estimated UTS from the
NN model was 284.2 N/mm2. The WASPAS method showed the highest value of the ultimate
tensile strength.
4.0 CONCLUSION:
In this paper, four examples from the real time welding process with different types are
considered and solved by using WASPAS method. In all the four examples, it is observed that
top-ranked alternatives almost which match with those derived by the previous researchers.
This method is computationally very simple and robust. The main benefit of this method is
identied as its durable resistance against rank reversal of the measured alternatives. It is also
found that this method has the unique capability of dealing with both single and multi-
response optimization problems in various welding operations. This suggested methodology
can be used for any manufacturing selection problem.
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