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Uses: Congestive heart failure, decreases Nursing Implications: Check apical pulse before
arrhythmias and tachycardia. administration, monitor B/P, instruct patients to
notify physician if experiencing side effects.
Dosage Range: Oral- 0.125 mg – 0.5 mg
I.V. or I.M.- 0.1 mg – 0.4 mg
Drug Interactions: Benzos, Quinidine, various
Route: Capsule, I.V. or I.M. antibiotics can increase level of digoxin. Loop
diuretics can cause dig toxicity.
Pharmacodynamics: Onset- (PO.) 1-2 hr
(I.M.) 5-30 min
Peak- (PO) 2-8 hr.
(I.V) 1-4 hr
Dosage Range: Oral- 20-80mg/day – increase Drug Interactions: Can cause hypokalemic
slowly to desired range. 2X daily for edema. digoxin toxicity, hypotension with
antihypertensives, salicylates (high dose) toxicity.
Route: Tablet, PO solution , I.V. or I.M.
Uses: mild HTN, edema in renal failure and CHF. Nursing Implications: Monitor B/P, orthostasis,
electrolyte levels, interactions with digoxin..
Dosage Range: Oral- 25-100mg/day
max:200mg/day
Drug Interactions: Can cause hypokalemic
digoxin toxicity, hypotension with
Route: Capsule, tablet antihypertensives, NSAIDs can reduce efficacy.
Dosage Range: Oral- 2.5 mg - 5 mg/day then Drug Interactions: insulin causes possible
increase as required. hypoglycemia, aspirin dulls effects, lithium
I.V.- 1.25 mg/q6hr. toxicity increases, increased risk of hyperkalemia
with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Route: injection, tablet
Uses: treatment of ear, sinus, skin, urinary, and Nursing Implications: Assess for infection
respiratory infections, prophylaxis for surgery, during regimen, monitor for anyphylaxis, C&S
part of multi-drug regimen for H. pylori. before first dose, administer round the clock,
instead of just daylight hours, S&S of infection
Dosage Range: Oral- (typical) 500mg q12hr should disappear within 1-2 days.
Uses: MRSA, meningitis, C. difficile Nursing Implications: P&T drawn, slow infusion
rate if rash appears, dosage modification for renal
Dosage Range: Oral- 125mg qid x 10d impairment, do no give I.M., do not administer
I.V.- 10-15mg/kg or 1G q12hr anti-diarrheal products for patients on oral
vancomycin.
Route: injection, capsule, infusion
Route: Infusion, injection, or tablet (Pen V) Drug Interactions: decreases efficacy of oral
contraceptives, may potentiate warfarin,
Pharmacodynamics: N/A tetracyclines decrease effectiveness.
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: analgesis, narcotic Percocet
Generic: Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Common Side Effects: constipation, over-
Trade: Endocet, Percocet, Roxicet sedation, dysphoria, euphoria, nausea, respiratory
depression, skin rash.
Action: Oxycodone binds with opiate receptors,
and acetaminophen inhibits production of
prostaglandins while lowering fever by acting on
temp control center. Nursing Implications: Monitor for pain relief,
over-sedation, confusion, and constipation.
Uses: moderate to severe pain.
Dosage Range: Oral- 2.5 – 5 mg q6hr Drug Interactions: anesthetics can lead to
Max: 4 G qd acetaminophen-based additive CNS depression, anticholinergics can lead
to paralytic ileus.
Route: Capsule, tablet, solution
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Dosage Range: Oral- 20-40 mg/day Drug Interactions: May decrease excretion of
methotrexate, may prolong elimination of warfarin
Route: Capsule, tablet (both delayed-release).
Uses: Treatment of angina pectoris, M.I., acute Nursing Implications: Do not chew or swallow
HTN. sublingual form, alternate patch sites, keep
patches on 12 on/12 off schedule. Call 911 if no
Dosage Range: Oral- 2.5 - 9 mg max: 26mg qd relief after 3 sublingual doses. Must be stored in
I.V.- 5 mcg/min titrate to max 200mcg/min glass bottles.
Ointment: 0.5 - 2” every 6 hr, + 12 hr break
Patch: 0.2 – 0.4mg/hr + 12 hr break.
Sublingual: 0.2 – 0.6 mg q 5 min max: 3 doses Drug Interactions: alcohol can aggravate
hypotension, sildenafil, tadafil, and vardenafil are
Route: Capsule, infusion, injection, ointment, strongly contraindicated for concurrent use with
solution, tablet, trans-dermal patch. nitrates, as they cause severe hypotension. 24 hour
period between nitrates and these drugs is
Pharmacodynamics: Onset- (PO.) 1-3 min recommended.
(Patch) 40-60 min
Peak- (PO) 4-10 min..
(Patch) 1-3 hr
Duration- (PO) 30-60 min
(Patch) 18-24 hr
Uses: management of grand mal seizures, Nursing Implications: Stop enteral feedings 2 hr
prevention thereof, arrhythmias r/t dig toxicity, prior to giving. I.V. Injections should be followed
and trigeminal neuralgia. with flush to avoid irritation of vein, must me
diluted to <6mg/mL in saline for infusion.
Dosage Range: Oral/I.V. 100mg tid
Drug Interactions: Numerous, primarily
Route: Capsule, injection, oral suspension, involving faster metabolism of other drugs,
chewable tablet. decreasing their efficacy.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Pharmacodynamics: Peak: 3 hr
Duration: 275 min.
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: ACE Inhibitor Lisinopril
Generic: lisinopril Common Side Effects: hypotension, dizziness,
Trade: Prinvil, Zestril fatigue, headache, hyperkalemia, NVD, dry cough
Dosage Range: Oral- 10-30 mg Q3-4 hr PRN Drug Interactions: CNS depressants, alcohol,
I.V./I.M.- 2.5 – 10 mg Q 3hr PRN MAOIs, all can potentiate and/or increase toxicity
of morphine.
Route: Cap, tab, injection, infusion, suppository
Uses: Treatment of angina pectoris, M.I., acute Nursing Implications: Do not chew or swallow
HTN, dysphagia. sublingual form, Call 911 if no relief after 3
sublingual doses.
Dosage Range: Oral- 5 - 40 mg QID
Sublingual: 2.5 - 5 mg q 5 min
max: 3 doses Drug Interactions: alcohol can aggravate
hypotension, sildenafil, tadafil, and vardenafil are
Route: Capsule, tablet (ER and SL) strongly contraindicated for concurrent use with
nitrates, as they cause severe hypotension. 24 hour
Pharmacodynamics: Onset- (PO.) 1-3 min period between nitrates and these drugs is
(SL) 2 - 10 min recommended.
Duration- (PO) 4-6 hr
(SL) 1 - 2 hr
Uses: Diabetes type 2 (non-insulin dependant) Nursing Implications: Do not crush, break, or
chew ER form. NPO patients may need it to be
Dosage Range: Oral- 500 mg bid – 850 mg qd held to prevent hypoglycemia.
Uses: UTI, gonorrhea, opthalmic infections, Nursing Implications: Hold antacids 3-4 hour
sinusitis, assorted skin infections, anthrax. prior to giving, administer round the clock,
encourage foods, instruct on use of opthalmic
Dosage Range: Oral- 400 – 600 mg bid (typical) product, preferably administer on empty stomach.
Route: oral, injection, IV infusion, opthalmic Drug Interactions: low risk of increase of
ointment effects/concentrations of many other drugs.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: anti-convulsant valproic acid
Generic: valproic acid Common Side Effects: children < 2yr extreme
Trade: Depakote ER risk of hepatic failure, teratogenic effects on
pregnancy, headache, somnolence, dizziness,
Action: Increased availability and/or mimicry of insomnia, alopecia, NVD, weakness, tremors,
GABA. (An inhibitory neurotransmitter) arrhythmia, postural hypotension, edema,
tachycardia, incontinence, constipation, weight
Uses: absence seizures, migraine prophylaxis, gain, oral problems.
partial seizures, bi-polar disorder.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Uses: Oral: HTN, chronic angina Nursing Implications: Do not use with beta-
Injection: atrial fibrillation blockers, do not crush/chew XR tabs.
Dosage Range: Oral- 120 – 180 mg/day Drug Interactions: May increase
concentration/potentiate many other drugs.
Route: oral, injection (IV)
Uses: moderate HTN, not recommended as first Nursing Implications: rotate patches weekly to
line antihypertensive hairless portion of upper outer arm or chest. D/C
gradually.
Dosage Range:Oral- 0.1 mg BID max: 2.4mg/day
Patch- 0.1-0.3mg/day Drug Interactions: other CNS depressants, beta
blockers, antipsychotics, and narcotics may
Route: oral, transdermal patch, injection potentiate hypotensive effects.
Dosage Range: one inhalation 12 hours apart. Drug Interactions: sympathomimetics may
enhance toxic/adverse effects.
Route: inhaled
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Uses: prevention of nausea associated with Nursing Implications: Oral dosage should be
chemo, radiation, post-op NV given 30 min prior to therapy. The IV version has
also been used successfully orally.
Dosage Range: Varies with treatment
Drug Interactions: Apomorphine promotes
Route: IM, IV, oral profound hypotension concurrently.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: analgesis, narcotic fentanyl
Generic: fentanyl Common Side Effects: constipation, over-
Trade: Duragesic sedation, dysphoria, euphoria, nausea, respiratory
depression, skin rash.
Action: increases pain threshold, inhibits
ascending pain pathways, alters perception of
pain.
Nursing Implications: Monitor for pain relief,
Uses: moderate to severe pain, pre-op anesthetic, over-sedation, confusion, and constipation. May
chronic pain, cancer pain cause rebound respiratory depression, monitor for
12 hours after removal of patch.
Dosage Range: IM/slow IV 25-100 mcg 60 min
prior to surgery.
Drug Interactions: anesthetics can lead to
Route: injection, IV, patch additive CNS depression, anticholinergics can lead
to paralytic ileus. SSRIs may cause serotonin
Pharmacodynamics: Onset: IV-immediate syndrome. MAOIs are contraindicated.
Duration: 30-60 min
Uses: RTI, skin infections, bone infections, UTI, Nursing Implications: administer on empty
acute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis. stomach, to increase absorption. Administer round
the clock to increase P&T effectiveness.
Dosage Range: Oral- 250 - 1000 mg qd
Max: 4 G/day
Drug Interactions: anesthetics can lead to
Route: Capsule, tablet, suspension additive CNS depression, anticholinergics can lead
to paralytic ileus.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Uses: Treats gram negative organisms like Nursing Implications: Therapeutic vs.
pseudomonas, serratia, bone infections, and nephrotoxic levels vary greatly, so renal tests are
septicemia. required to determine acceptable levels.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: Parkinson’s agent amantadine
Generic: amantadine Common Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension,
Trade: Symmetrel edema, CNS effects, nausea, xerostomia
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Uses: treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness, Nursing Implications: Diabetics should monitor
adjunctive therapy for OSA. BS levels closely. Avoid ETOH, report chest
pain/palpitations, respiratory difficulties.
Dosage Range: Oral- 100-300 mg/day
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: Vitamin folic acid
Generic: folic acid Common Side Effects: Bronchospasm
Trade: Folvite (uncommon)
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Route: oral
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Drug Interactions: lorazepam – clearance
reduced 20%. Other CNS depressants oversedate.
Action: Laxative
Nursing Implications: Monitor for electrolyte
Uses: Constipation imbalances, administer with water to decrease
irritation.
Dosage Range: OTC packaging...
Dosage Range: 900-2400mg/day in 3-4 divided Nursing Implications: administer with meals to
doses. 50-75% of normal dose in renal impairment decrease GI upset, encourage fluids, monitor for
signs of toxicity.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Uses: constipation
Drug Interactions: N/A
Dosage Range: Varied gram strengths
Route: oral
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: SSRI inhibitor sertraline HCL
Generic: sertraline HCL Common Side Effects: insomnia, fatigue,
Trade: Zoloft dizziness, h/a, nausea, xerostomia, heart
palpitations, parasthesia, micturition disorders.
Action: SSRI inhibitor
Route: oral
Drug Interactions: benzos, amphetamines,
Pharmacodynamics: maximum effects usually carbamazepine, dextromethorphan, erythromycin,
seen after 4 weeks meperidine, all may carry risk of serotonin
syndrome with this drug.
Dosage Range: 20-40 meq every day Drug Interactions: increased effectiveness of ace
inhibitors. Overdose may decrease effectiveness of
Route: oral digoxin therapy.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Action: antacid
Nursing Implications: monitor BM's
Uses: acute treatment of symptoms of GERD,
hyperacidity, prevention of stress ulcers.
Drug Interactions: decreased effect of dig,
Dosage Range: 30 ml PRN typical tetracyclines, benzos, and iron salts.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: antiemetic, antipsychotic agent promethazine
Generic: promethazine Common Side Effects: bradycardia, HTN,
Trade: phenergan dizziness, drowsiness, NVD, xerostomia
Uses: Short term treatment of GERD, or erosive Nursing Implications: Do not break or crush
esophagus trouble. capsules...
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Dosage Range: Oral – 1000 – 3000 IU per day. Drug Interactions: May potentiate gabapentin,
heparin, and phenobarbital.
Route: tablet, syrup, powder, injection.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: Muscle Relaxant baclofen
Generic: baclofen Common Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness,
Trade: Lioresal vertigo, hypotension, weakness, rash, confusion,
HA, ataxia
Action: Prevents muscle spasms at the spinal cord
level
Uses: Treatment of spasticity associated with MS Nursing Implications: Avoid abrupt withdrawal,
or spinal cord lesions monitor epileptic patients carefully.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: analgesis, narcotic oxycodone
Generic: Oxycodone Common Side Effects: constipation, over-
Trade: Oxycontin sedation, dysphoria, euphoria, nausea, respiratory
depression, skin rash.
Action: Oxycodone binds with opiate receptors
Route: capsule, suppository, injection, liquid Drug Interactions: anesthetics can lead to
additive CNS depression, SSRI's may be additive,
Pharmacodynamics: onset 15-30 minutes leading to serotonin syndrome.
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: antidepressant sertraline
Generic: sertraline Common Side Effects: insomnia, dizziness,
Trade: Zoloft fatigue, headache, xerostomia, diarrhea,
ejaculatory disturbances, nervousness, decreased
Action: SSRI libido, constipation, anorexia, tremors
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Drug Interactions: lorazepam – clearance
reduced 20%. Other CNS depressants oversedate.
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: Laxative bisacodyl
Generic: bisacodyl Common Side Effects: NVD, diarrhea, H/A,
Trade: Dulcolax dehydration
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Route: tablet
Drug Interactions: Valproic acid can cause
Pharmacodynamics: Onset: 20-60 min absence seizures when used concurrently. CNS
Duration : 12 hr. depressants may potentiate.
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: Antihyperlipidemic agent rosuvastatin
Generic: rosuvastatin Common Side Effects: edema, HTN, pharyngitis,
Trade: Crestor NVD, GI disturbances, anemia
Route: capsule
Drug Interactions: other cardiac meds (beta
Pharmacodynamics: N/A blockers, calcium channel blockers) may increase
risk of orthostasis.
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: traditional anti-psychotic perphenazine
Generic: perphenazine Common Side Effects: OH, blood sugar
Trade: Trilafon disturbances, photosensitivity, urinary
disturbances, tardive dyskinesias, restlessness,
Action: inhibits post-synaptic dopaminergic ataxia, dizziness
receptors in limbic system.
Route: tablet
Drug Interactions: may inhibit anticholinergics,
Pharmacodynamics: N/A increased risk of Parkinsonian symptoms with
Reglan, may cause OH in combination.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: expectorant guaifenesin
Generic: guaifenesin Common Side Effects: dizziness, h/a, stomach
Trade: Mucinex, Humibid pain, NVD, kidney stone formation (with large
quantities)
Action: stimulates resp secretions and decreases
mucous viscosity
Uses: presence of mucous in resp tract, relief of Nursing Implications: Push fluids to ensure
dry cough. therapeutic action
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: anti-diarrheal bismuth subsalicylate
Generic: bismuth subsalicylate Common Side Effects: constipation, h/a
Trade: Kaopectate
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Andy Samelson's Drug Cards Andy Samelson's Drug Cards
CLASS: antiemetic ondansetron
Generic: ondansetron Common Side Effects: fatigue, headache,
Trade: Zofran drowsiness, anxiety, diarrhea, constipation, urinary
retention, hypoxia.
Action: blocks serotonin selectively on vagal
nerve terminals.
Uses: prevention of nausea associated with Nursing Implications: Oral dosage should be
chemo, radiation, post-op NV given 30 min prior to therapy. The IV version has
also been used successfully orally.
Dosage Range: Varies with treatment
Drug Interactions: Apomorphine promotes
Route: IM, IV, oral profound hypotension concurrently.
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Uses: pre-term birth lung development, Nursing Implications: Assess for infection, daily
inflammation treatment. weights, b/p
Pharmacodynamics: N/A
Uses: HTN treatment, dig toxicity, premature Nursing Implications: Monitor reflexes, level of
labor, seizure prophylaxis. conciousness, constipation.
Dosage Range: 120-300 mcg 2x in 72 hr. Drug Interactions: decreased antibody response
to live vaccines.
Route: IM, IV.
Pharmacodynamics: n/a