Bibliographic Research Plan

The Globalization of K-Pop

Ellie Eunah Kim

LIS 601 / Professor Vanessa Irvin
Fall 2015 / December 15, 2015
Ellie Eunah Kim

Table of Contents

I. Introduction -------------------------------------------------------- 3

i. Topic -------------------------------------------------------- 3
ii. Scope & Audience ----------------------------------------- 3
iii. Citation Style & Coding Key --------------------------------- 3

II. Search Strategy -------------------------------------------------------- 4

i. Call Numbers ------------------------------------------------- 4

ii. Subject Headings ----------------------------------------- 4
iii. Search Terms ------------------------------------------------- 5

III. Search Process --------------------------------------------------------- 5

i. OPACs --------------------------------------------------------- 5
ii. Databases & Indexes ----------------------------------------- 6
iii. Web Resources ------------------------------------------------- 8

IV. Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------- 9

V. Bibliography --------------------------------------------------------- 10

VI. Appendix I - Annotated Bibliography -------------------------- 12

i. K-pop and Internet ----------------------------------------- 12

ii. K-pop in the West ----------------------------------------- 13

VII. Appendix II - Search terms relevancy chart ------------------ 13

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Ellie Eunah Kim

I. INTRODUCTION

Topic

We are witnessing that K-pop has become a global phenomenon. In December 10, this
year, a media released an article, Korea's GOT7 is the world's most talked about pop
group on Twitter after One Direction. 1 It is amazing that this Korean idol group, its
members only speak and sing in Korean language, has world-wide popularity. Also, we
can see that K-pop stars videos are marking the highest views in YouTube, and they sell
their concert tickets very quickly all around the world.

The first decade of the twenty-first century had brought the Korean Wave, an inundation
of South Korean soap opera that covered much of Asia. Now K-pop (some dubbed it
Korean Wave 2.0) was the visible form and froth of South Korean popular culture,
washing ashore across Asia, the Pacific, and beyond. 2In this research, I would like to focus
on the current globalization of K-pop. Especially, this plan will provide sources on two
subtopics, K-pop and Internet and K-pop in the West. I chose these topics because
Internet is a key for understanding K-pops becoming global trend. Also, K-pop has been
popular for a quiet long time in Asia, but the popularity in the West is pretty recent
situation. So, K-pop in the West would be an interesting topic for my target audience
and also would give a big picture of the globalization of K-pop these days.

Scope & Audience

Hawaii has huge population that is interested in Korean culture and K-pop. In Hawaii,
there is a radio station only play K-pop, and many K-pop stars visited Hawaii for various
events. To match the demand, the University of Hawaii also offers variety of Korean
culture, Korean language classes. My target audience is young students in Hawaii who
want to gain deep, academic knowledge on K-pop. I used University of Hawaii Libraries'
and Hawaii State Public Libraries resources for this research. Naturally, I used UH
Voyager catalog mainly because it might be the search engine that the UH students would
use when they conduct their own searches. Also, for non-UH students, I used WorldCat.
The bibliography contains academic, but not too professional sources as well as non-
academic sources for undergraduate-level, teenage students.

Citation Style & Coding Key

I used the Chicago Style citation for this project, as directed by The Chicago Manual of
Style 3. The cording key I used is explained in Appendix A. I put subject heading controlled
vocabulary (CV) and Boolean search terms (i.e. AND, NOT, OR) in ALL CAPS, and put
natural language in lowercase.

1 Korea's GOT7 is the world's most talked about pop group on Twitter after One
Direction, The Straits Times, December 10, 2015, accessed December, 10, 2015,
http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/koreas-got7-is-the-worlds-
most-talked-about-pop-group-on-twitter-after-one.
2 Lie, John, K-Pop (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014), 3.
3 University of Chicago Press Staff, The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition (Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 2010)

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II. Search Strategy

Call Numbers

I used WorldCat, OCLC Connexion, Library of Congress Catalog, and Library of Congress
Classification Web for finding call numbers. For Dewey Decimal numbers, I used DDC22
(Dewey Decimal Classification, Edition 22).

LC Call Number

DS904
History of Asia - Korea - Social life and customs. Civilization. Intellectual life
DS916.27
History of Asia - Korea - History - By period - 20th century - Social life and customs.
Civilization. Intellectual life
KPA1170
Asia (South Asia. Southeast Asia. East Asia): Korea. South Korea - General
ML3502.K6
Korea (South) - General Work
ML3790
Literature on music - Music trade
P94.65
Philology. Linguistics - Communication. Mass media - Special aspects - Relation to
culture. Intercultural communication

Dewey Decimal Classification Number

300 301
Social Science - Sociology and anthropology
327
Political Science - International relations
780
Music
781.63
Popular music
951.95
History of Asia - Orient - Far East - Korea - South Korea (Republic of Korea)

Subject Headings

I used WorldCat, OCLC Connexion, and print version of Library of Congress Subject
Headings.

POPULAR MUSIC - KOREA (SOUTH) - HISTORY AND CRITICISM

POPULAR MUSIC - ECONOMIC ASPECTS - KOREA (SOUTH)

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POPULAR MUSIC -SOCIAL ASPECTS - KOREA (SOUTH)

MUSIC AND GLOBELIZATION - KOREA (SOUTH)
MUSIC TRADE - KOREA (SOUTH)
POPULAR CULTURE - KOREAN INFLUENCES
CURTURAL INDUSTRIES - KOREA (SOUTH)

Search Terms

As I mentioned above, in this bibliography plan, controlled vocabulary (CV) terms and
Boolean search terms (i.e. AND, OR, NOT) are written in ALL CAPS. Natural language (NL)
terms are written in lower case. Also, exact phrases are put in quotations. An asterisk (*)
or a question mark (?) are used for truncation or stemming.
Search Terms: Korea, K-pop, Korean pop music, internet, west, SNS, Social
Network Service, west, abroad, globalization, foreign, social media, America
Boolean Expressions: k-pop AND internet, k-pop AND globalization, k-pop AND
west, k-pop AND west NOT language, (k-pop OR korean pop) OR forei?, (k-pop OR
korean pop) AND (internet OR sns OR social media?)
Natural language: K-pop in internet, K-pop in the west, SNS and K-pop

III. Search Process

OPACs

Hawaii Voyager: Libraries of the University of Hawaii System

Since I know that UH Voyager Catalog contains accurate subject headings in each record,
I started my search with controlled vocabularies. When I put POPULAR MUSIC - KOREA
(SOUTH) in subject search window, I found six results under the term. It was surprising
that this subject heading only brought six results. Other subject headings such as
POPULAR MUSIC - ECONOMIC ASPECTS - KOREA (SOUTH) or POPULAR MUSIC -SOCIAL
ASPECTS - KOREA (SOUTH) and other subject headings only produces one to three
results.

Since UH has rich resources on East Asian culture, I thought that changing search strategy
would produce better results. So, I tried keyword search. For my first subtopic K-pop
and internet, I first put internet AND k-pop, but it only brought just four results. I
removed hyphen between k and pop. internet AND k pop produced 33 results. I put
internet AND korean pop, and it produced two. I removed quotations and it produced
11. k pop AND sns failed to produce results, but k pop AND social media produced 20.
I tried (k-pop OR korean pop) AND (internet OR sns OR social network?) and it brought
just six, but the results were the closest to my topic.

I found that keyword search is better than subject search in Voyager, so I decided to use
keyword search for my second subtopic. In my first search, I could find that the keyword
k pop worked better than k-pop or korean pop. So I put k pop AND west, and it
produced 21 results. I tried k pop AND America, and surprisingly it brought better, 32,
results. I realized that using specific name of region would help the search. Next, I used
k pop AND global? and it produced 43 results.

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I also tried NL search, but it only produced litter number of results. But the results itself
was pretty accurate.

OCLC WorldCat

I stared my search with subject headings. Unlike UH Voyager, when I put POPULAR
MUSIC, KOREA (SOUTH), the result was great. The search brought 3,667 results. I could
narrow the search using Topic tabs, but the tabs did not include my subtopics. So I tried
to used keyword and subject heading together. I put internet as keyword and put same
subject heading POPULAR MUSIC, KOREA (SOUTH) together. It only produced seven
results, and the relevancy of the results to my topic was not good. So, I returned to the
subject search. POPULAR MUSIC -SOCIAL ASPECTS - KOREA (SOUTH) produced 19, and
POPULAR MUSIC -ECONOMIC ASPECTS - KOREA (SOUTH) produced five results.
POPULAR CULTURE - KOREAN INFLUENCES produced 1,163 and MUSIC TRADE - KOREA
(SOUTH) produced 132 results. However, when I tried to search MUSIC TRADE subject
heading, somehow South African music related works came up a lot. CURTURAL
INDUSTRIES - KOREA (SOUTH) and MUSIC AND GLOBELIZATION - KOREA (SOUTH) did
not work at all.

For keyword search, I used k pop AND internet. It produced 11,246 results, but contains
a lot of irrelevant works. I tried Korean pop? AND internet, and the 6,322 results
showed better relevancy. Through these searches I found that full word Korean pop
worked better than k pop in WorldCat. So, I tried Korean pop? AND west and it
produced 268 results? Korean pop? AND glob? produced 779 results. Both results were
pretty satisfying in relevancy.

Databases & Indexes

Bibliography of Asian Studies

In this databases that specialized in Asian Studies, I tried numerous searches using
subject headings. But none of them could produce any results. Then, I did keyword search
using k pop AND internet. It produced only two results, but they were highly relevant,
good quality sources. Next, I tried Korean pop? AND internet and it produced nothing.
So, I changed the question mark to an asterisk and it produced five results. Korean pop*
AND social* produced 102 results. Korean pop* AND west* produced 102 results.
During my search, I found that many of results had subject KOREA-ART-MUSIC. So, I
clicked the subject heading, and found 530 resources. Usually, this KOREA-ART-MUSIC
is too broad for K-pop related works because this heading also means all kinds of music
in Korea including North Korean music or traditional pre-modern music of Korea. But in
this database, the heading was the right one.

JSTOR

When I first look through the advanced search window of this databases, I found that this
database does not offer subject search. We can only search materials my full-text, author,
item title, abstract, and caption. I tried various keywords for title and full-text search, but
that brought bunch of irrelevant results. I used quotation marks for Korean pop music

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or k-pop for better result, but it did not work. I tried abstract search, it shows only one
irrelevant result with a message that only ten percent of their materials have abstract. A
simple search such as Korea AND music only brought meaningless results. I tried
various keywords and listed them by relevance to see the relevancy of the searches, but
I could not find any efficient search strategy for this database.

Academic Search Complete

This database offers subject search, so put POPULAR MUSIC - KOREA (SOUTH) as
subject. However, this search failed to produce any result. I tried another way. I put
POPULAR MUSIC and KOREA as two subjects and did Boolean search. It produced 53
results. I narrowed the search adding internet as keyword. It reduced the results to 14.
Also, I added social* keyword to the subjects to find social media related materials. It
brought 23 sources. All this searches showed great results, I decided to do same search
for my second topic. I put POPULAR MUSIC and KOREA as two subjects and put west.
Twelve results came up. Adding glob* resulted 28 materials. SU: POPULAR MUSIC AND
SU: KOREA AND TX: America brought 12 results. All the materials in the results were
relevant to my topics.

DBPia

DBPia is the biggest Korean database in academic field that is offered by a private
institution. When I started this search, I wondered whether the Boolean search of subject
headings search work in this database. I entered advanced search section, and found that
there is no subject search in this database. It was a natural result since Korea does not
use LC subject headings for cataloging. So, I conducted keyword searches. I went to
Boolean Search section, and found that this database uses different marks for Boolean
search. I had to put & for AND, | for OR, and ! for NOT. So, I tried k pop & internet and
found 1,832 results. Also, k pop & social media produced 684 results. k pop & west
produced 3,171, but contains many irrelevant materials. So, I added music as another
keyword and it reduced the results to 100. Most of these materials offer English abstracts,
but if you want to find only English materials, you can narrow the results for Language
tab. When I narrowed my last search only to English materials, it produced 11 results.

KISS: Korean Studies Information Service System

This Korean database also does not offer subject search. I tried keyword search using k-
pop AND internet, k-pop AND west, and etc. However, these searches failed to produce
meaningful results. So, I just put k-pop, and it brought 113 results. I look through the list
and found that many of them are the resources fit to my subtopics, but somehow my
keyword search could not find them. So, for this database, it would be better just put one
keyword of NL and look through the entire list.

National Digital Library of Korea

This government offered, national database shows the material in seven national
libraries of Korea. This database also does not offer subject search. Only full-text, title,
and author search is available in this database. I conducted keyword search using k pop
AND internet and it produced total 181 results. "k pop AND socia* brought 46, k pop

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AND west brought 41, k pop AND glo* brought 51. All of these results were highly
relevant to my subtopics. However, in this database, I could not narrow my search to
English materials, so for students, who do not use Korean language, this database is not a
good place to find resources.

International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

This is my first time to use database, but I found that this database offers very efficient
and convenient search engine. They subdivided subject search to BSU(Broad Subject
Headings), NSU (Narrow Subject Headings), SU(Subject Heading- all), PER(Persons),
LOC(Local), and ORG (Companies/Organizations). I put POPULAR MUSIC as SU and
KOREA as LOC. It produced 21 results. I added internet keyword to those subjects, but
it only produced one results. So, I tried k-pop AND internet Boolean search and it
produced 40 results. k-pop AND west and k-pop AND glob* 49 and 267 results. To
narrow the second search, I tried to add NOT language because many of the result
seemed like linguistic-related materials. It reduced the results to 224.

Music Index

This databases host is the same company with Academic Search Complete. So, the search
engine is basically same with Academic Search. SU: POPULAR MUSIC AND SU: KOREA
AND TX: internet and SU: POPULAR MUSIC AND SU: KOREA AND TX: west only
brought one result each. SU: POPULAR MUSIC AND SU: KOREA AND TX: social*
produced 16 results. SU: POPULAR MUSIC AND SU: KOREA AND TX: America also
produced only one results. I tried keyword searches such as k-pop AND internet, k-pop
AND SNS, and etc. However, the results showed that using subject search would be
produce better results.

Web Resources

Google Scholar

I tried little more complicated keyword search in Google Scholar. For my first subtopic, I
put kpop AND (internet OR social*). When I put k-pop, the site showed kpop instead.
This search brought about 615 results. When I looked through the list, I found that this
result includes highly relevant materials on my topic. Since this result has high number, I
added marketing keyword to the search. It reduced the number to 178, but still contains
very satisfying resources.

For my second subtopic, I put kpop AND (west OR abroad). This search produced 324
results, but the relevancy of the result was not satisfying. So, I changed the search term
to kpop AND (west OR glob*). The 300 results were much better than the first result. I
added NOT language to eliminate the linguistic-related materials and it reduced the
number to 158.

Amazon

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Ellie Eunah Kim

Since I assumed that students would look for Amazon when they want to buy new books
for certain topic, I tried various searches in Amazon. First, I tried Boolean search using
the terms I used in other databases. Next, I used NL because NL would be the one our
patron use in Amazon. It turns out both searches brought exactly same result. So, in
Amazon, using NL would be a good search strategy.

IV. Conclusion

When I first started this project, I was pretty confident about myself since I have had
intensive training in cataloging department for a pretty long time, so I thought that my
cataloging skills, especially my knowledge in subject heading would help this project a lot.
This expectation was half correct and half not. Many of databases I chose did not have
subject search. Especially, my topic was related to Korea and I used many Korean
databases. So, subject headings that established by U.S. Library of Congress were useless
in the Korean databases. Few databases in English also did not have subject search. As a
result, I realized that subject heading is not an answer for every database.

This made me think that the usefulness of subject heading. Bauer mentioned Libraries
deploy Library of Congress subject headings as a way to make material discoverable by
topics, but have faced declining use of subject headings by patrons. Librarians have
recognized that catalogue interfaces are not helpful in encouraging use of subject
headings. 4 I agree with her opinion on this matter. I asked undergraduate students if
they know or heard about subject heading, and everyone I asked said No. Of course, for
librarian who had education on subject heading, it might be useful. However, we cannot
say it is patron-friendly search strategy. I used keyword Boolean search as an alternative
strategy to subject search. Knowing simple Boolean search method made remarkable
results. Changing keyword flexibly and trying various keywords always worked in my
case. For me, this keyword search replaced the subject search, but I wonder whether our
patrons have any knowledge in Boolean search.

During this project, I faced challenges and problems I mentioned above, and realized that
what I read in week 11 of our class - information literacy - is really important thing. As
Harmeyer said, the best chance that we can introduce these strategies and improve our
patrons information literacy level is blending it with everyday reference service. 5
Teaching and showing simple search strategy we know can change our patrons entire
experience in information acquisition process.

On the other hand, I felt I had advantage from my nationality, and my language skill. I
chose this topic because as a Korean, I naturally have been exposed to the K-pop issue. I
knew that information on K-pop is in high demand without and research of the issue. I
could use databases in Korean language easily because my mother language is Korean.
Also, I could get cultural competency training since the UH Libraries and the LIS program

4 Bauer, Kathleen, Does faceted display in a library catalog increase use of subject
headings?, Library Hi Tech 30 (2012): 348.
5 Dave, Harmeyer, Hybrid reference: Blending the reference interview and information

literacy, The Reference Librarian 51(2010): 358.

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Ellie Eunah Kim

focus on Asian and Hawaiian collection. It was rare opportunity to get this kind of
training. 6

In conclusion, this project gave me a great opportunity to check my strengths, and

weaknesses as a librarian. Also, during this project, I had chance to think about our
patrons need and the way to fulfill the need.

6Mestre, Lori S, Librarians Working with Diverse Populations: What Impact Does
Cultural Competency Training Have on Their Efforts?, The Journal of Academic
Librarianship, 36 (2010): 488.

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Ellie Eunah Kim

V. Bibliography

Amazon. Accessed December 12, 2015. http://www.amazon.com

Bauer, Kathleen. Does faceted display in a library catalog increase use of subject
headings?. Library Hi Tech 30 (2012): 347-358.

Bibliography of Asian Studies. Accessed December 6, 2015.

http://bmc.lib.umich.edu/bas.

Dave, Harmeyer. Hybrid reference: Blending the reference interview and information
literacy. The Reference Librarian 51(2010): 358-362.

Fuhr, Michael. Globalization and popular music in South Korea : sounding out K-pop. New
York : Routledge, 2015.

Google Scholar. Accessed December 10, 2015. https://scholar.google.com

Hawaii Voyager, Libraries of the University of Hawaii System. Accessed December 1,

2015. https://uhmanoa.lib.hawaii.edu/vwebv/searchBasic?sk=manoa.

Howard, Keith. Korean pop music: riding the wave. Folkestone, Kent, Global Oriental, 2006.

International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text. Accessed December 10, 2015.
http://www.proquest.com/products-services/iimp_ft.html.

Jung, Sun. Social distribution: K-pop fan practices in Indonesia and the Gangnam Style
phenomenon. International Journal of Cultural Studies 17(2014): 485-501.

Kim, Yong Hwan at al. Exploring characteristics of video consuming behaviour in

different social media using K-pop videos. Journal of Information Science 40 (2014): 806-
822.

Kim, Youna, ed. The Korean wave : Korean media go global. London and New York,
Routledge, 2013.

KISS: Korean Studies Information Service System. Accessed December 3, 2015.

http://kiss.kstudy.com

Korea's GOT7 is the world's most talked about pop group on Twitter after One
Direction. The Straits Times, December, 10, 2015. Accessed December, 10, 2015.
http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/koreas-got7-is-the-worlds-
most-talked-about-pop-group-on-twitter-after-one.

Library of Congress Classification Web. Accessed December 2, 2015.

https://classificationweb.net

Library of Congress Online Catalog. Accessed December 8, 2015.

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Ellie Eunah Kim

Library of Congress Subject Heading. Accessed December 7, 2015.

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html.

Lie, John. Introduction to The Globalization of K-pop. Cross-currents 9 (2013): 40-43.

Lie, John. K-Pop. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014. https://catalog.loc.gov

Mestre, Lori S. Librarians Working with Diverse Populations: What Impact Does
Cultural Competency Training Have on Their Efforts?. The Journal of Academic
Librarianship, 36 (2010): 479488.

Mitchell, Joan S et al. ed. Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index. Dublin, Ohio:
OCLC, 2003.

Music Index. Accessed December 1, 2015.

https://www.ebscohost.com/academic/music-index

National Digital Library of Korea. Accessed December 4, 2015. http://www.nl.go.kr.

Noh, Kwang Woo. Youtube and K Pop fans Tribute Activity. Journal of the Korea
Contents Association 15 (2015): 24-32.

OCLC Client. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://client.oclc.org

OCLC Connexion. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://connexion.oclc.org

OCLC WorldCat. Accessed December 9, 2015. http://www.worldcat.org.

Oh, Ingyu. Mass media technologies and popular music genres: k-pop and youtube.
Korea Journal 53 (2013): 34-58.

Russell, Mark. Bringing K-Pop to the West. The New York Times, March 5, 2012. Accessed
December 11, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/05/business/global/using-
social-media-to-bring-korean-pop-music-to-the-west.html?_r=0

University of Chicago Press Staff. The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2010.

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Ellie Eunah Kim

VI. Appendix I - Annotated Bibliography

i. K-pop and Internet

Howard, Keith. Korean pop music: riding the wave. Folkestone, Kent, Global Oriental, 2006.
LCCN: ML3502.K6 K67 2006

This book contains multiple articles on the beginning of Korean pop music and the way it
spreads around world. The authors are famous scholars of Korean Studies in Canada,
Great Britain, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the US. The variety of authors
offers wide range of perspectives to see the K-pop trend. Their articles mentions Internet
as the key opponent to K-pop fever.

Kim, Yong Hwan at al. Exploring characteristics of video consuming behaviour in

different social media using K-pop videos. Journal of Information Science 40 (2014): 806-
822. Accessed December 2, 2015.
http://jis.sagepub.com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/content/40/6/806.

This article analyzes the differences in user behaviors appearing across different social
medias. They looked at YouTube K-pop videos viewed on YouTube or mentioned on
Twitter, Facebook, and other social medias. It would be interesting to see the users of
different social medias consume K-Pop contents differently.

Jung, Sun. Social distribution: K-pop fan practices in Indonesia and the Gangnam Style
phenomenon. International Journal of Cultural Studies 17(2014): 485-501.

K-pop fans especially enjoy K-pop contents through online social media community
networks. K-pop, has become one of the most dynamically distributed forms of pop
culture in the global pop market through these social distribution networks. This article
explores the ways of this new mode of social distribution using a case study of K-pop
fandom in Indonesia and the Gangnam Style phenomenon.

Noh, Kwang Woo. Youtube and K Pop fans Tribute Activity. Journal of the Korea
Contents Association 15 (2015): 24-32. Accessed December 7, 2015.
http://www.dbpia.co.kr.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/openurl/?arid=2737203.

In K-pop trend, fans activity in social media is an important factor. YouTube has brought
new mode of the international circulation of pop culture. This study shows how the mode
of users appropriation contributes to international circulation of pop culture through
case studies of some K-pop music videos and international K-pop fans tribute activities.

Oh, Ingyu. Mass media technologies and popular music genres: k-pop and youtube.
Korea Journal 53 (2013): 34-58. Accessed December 2, 2015.
http://www.ekoreajournal.net/issue/index2.htm?Idx=443#

The emergence of Internet-based music stores and music video streaming sites,
particularly YouTube, has a strong connection to Korean content as it allows Korean
artists to bypass conventional music distributors who control business-to-customer

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Ellie Eunah Kim

music distribution channels in the United States and Europe. This Ph.D dissertation that
was published in Korea shows how K-pop industry uses mass media for spreading K-pop.

ii. K-pop in the West

Kim, Youna, ed. The Korean wave : Korean media go global. London and New York,
Routledge, 2013.
LCCN: P92.K6 K67 2013 / eBook available in UH libraries web page

This book answers the questions such as Why K-pop is popular (or not)?, Why now?,
What does it mean socially, culturally and politically in a global context?. This edited
collection considers the Korean Wave in a global digital age and addresses the social,
cultural and political implications in global context.

Russell, Mark. Bringing K-Pop to the West. The New York Times, March 5, 2012. Accessed
December 11, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/05/business/global/using-
social-media-to-bring-korean-pop-music-to-the-west.html?_r=0

This news articles shows the early days of Korean pop trend. The article mentions the
industry, K-pop in SNS, famous K-pop singers, and public perception on K-pop. It is
interesting that three years before, the article said Not everyone is convinced K-pop has
staying power in the United States.

Fuhr, Michael. Globalization and popular music in South Korea: sounding out K-pop. New
York : Routledge, 2015. Accessed December 2, 2015.
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=62c
1c996-d00d-4965-b8d7-
f235b7ad9b4b%40sessionmgr4004&vid=0&hid=4114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl
2ZQ%3d%3d.

This book offers an in-depth study of the globalization of contemporary South Korean
idol pop music. This book focuses on the political, economic, and cultural formations and
transformations of K-pop in global context.

Lie, John. Introduction to The Globalization of K-pop. Cross-currents 9 (2013): 40-43.

Accessed December 2, 2015. https://cross-currents.berkeley.edu.

John Lie is renowned sociologies at UC Berkeley. K-pop is his current interest and in this
short conference presented article, he describes how K-pop is becoming world-wide
phenomenon.

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VII. Apendix II - Search terms relevancy chart

Relevancy:

HR = highly relevant
U = useful
NR = not relevant

Hawaii Voyager: Libraries of the University of Hawaii System

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
POPULAR MUSIC - KOREA (SOUTH) 6 U
POPULAR MUSIC - ECONOMIC 3 U
ASPECTS - KOREA (SOUTH)
POPULAR MUSIC -SOCIAL ASPECTS - 1 NR
KOREA (SOUTH)
POPULAR MUSIC - KOREA 1 NR
(SOUTH) - HISTORY AND CRITICISM

MUSIC AND GLOBELIZATION - KOREA 1 NR

(SOUTH)
MUSIC TRADE - KOREA (SOUTH) 1 NR
POPULAR CULTURE - KOREAN 2 NR
INFLUENCES
CURTURAL INDUSTRIES - KOREA 1 NR
(SOUTH)
internet AND k-pop 4 U
internet AND k pop 33 HR
Internet AND korean pop 2 NR
Internet AND korean pop 11 HR
k pop AND sns 0 NR
k pop AND social media 20 HR
(k-pop OR korean pop) AND (internet 6 U
OR sns OR social network?)
k pop AND west 21 HR
k pop AND america 32 HR
k pop AND global? 43 HR
k pop in internet 3 U
k pop in social media 4 U
k pop and globalization 11 HR

OCLC WorldCat

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
POPULAR MUSIC - KOREA (SOUTH) 3,667 HR
POPULAR MUSIC, KOREA (SOUTH) 7 U

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AND internet
POPULAR MUSIC -SOCIAL ASPECTS - 19 HR
KOREA (SOUTH)
POPULAR MUSIC -ECONOMIC ASPECTS 5 U
- KOREA (SOUTH)
POPULAR CULTURE - KOREAN 1,163 HR
INFLUENCES
MUSIC TRADE - KOREA (SOUTH) 132 HR
CURTURAL INDUSTRIES - KOREA 0 NR
(SOUTH)
MUSIC AND GLOBELIZATION - KOREA 0 NR
(SOUTH)
k pop AND internet 11,246 HR
Korean pop? AND internet 6,322 HR
Korean pop? AND west 268 HR
Korean pop? AND glob? 779 HR

Bibliography of Asian Studies

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
k pop AND internet 2 NR
Korean pop? AND internet 0 NR
Korean pop* AND social* 102 HR
Korean pop* AND west 102 HR
KOREA-ART-MUSIC 530 HR

JSTOR

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
internet AND k-pop 143 U
internet AND k pop 132 U
Internet AND korean pop 23 U
Internet AND korean pop 53 U
k pop AND sns 222 U
k pop AND social media 266 U
(k-pop OR korean pop) AND (internet 54 U
OR sns OR social network?)
k pop AND west 32 U
k pop AND america 32 U
k pop AND global? 53 U
k pop in internet 33 U
k pop in social media 41 U
k pop and globalization 17 U
k pop AND internet 23 U
social media AND k-pop 33 U
Internet AND korean music 19 U

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Academic Search Complete

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
POPULAR MUSIC - KOREA (SOUTH) 0 NR
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA 53 HR
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 14 HR
internet
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 23 HR
social*
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 12 HR
west
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 28 HR
glob*
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 12 HR
america

DBPia

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
k pop & internet 1,832 U
k pop & social media 684 U
k pop & west 3,171 U
k pop & west & music 100 HR
k pop & west & music narrowed to 11 HR
English

KISS: Korean Studies Information Service System

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
k-pop AND internet 181 HR
k-pop AND social* 46 HR
k-pop AND west 41 HR
k-pop AND glo* 51 HR

National Digital Library of Korea

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
k-pop AND internet 0 NR
k-pop AND west 1 NR
k-pop AND globa? 1 NR
k-pop AND social media 0 NR
k-pop AND abroad 0 NR
k-pop AND sns 1 NR

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k-pop 113 HR

International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA 21 HR
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 1 U
internet
k-pop AND internet 40 HR
k-pop AND west 49 HR
k-pop AND glob* 267 U
k-pop AND glob* NOT language 224 HR

Music Index

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 1 U
internet
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 1 U
west
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 16 HR
Social*
POPULAR MUSIC AND KOREA AND 1 U
america
k-pop AND internet 1 U
k-pop AND glob* 0 NR
k-pop AND social* 1 NR

Google Scholar

Search Terms Number of Relevancy

Results
kpop AND (internet OR social*) 615 HR
kpop AND (internet OR social*) AND 178 HR
marketing
kpop AND (west OR abroad) 324 U
kpop AND (west OR glob*) 300 HR
kpop AND (west OR glob*) NOT 158 HR
language

Amazon
Search Terms Number of Relevancy
Results
kpop AND internet 28 U
kpop AND social media 486 U

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kpop AND west 111 U

kpop AND glob* 18 U
k-pop in internet 128 U
k-pop in social media 486 U
k-pop in the west 111 U
k-pop and globalization 18 U

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