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ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
Mar 2014
PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
MODULE 7
Sub Module 7.1
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AIRCRAFT AND WORKSHOP
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
7.1 Mar 2014
PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
Contents
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ........................................ 1
SAFETY WITH ELECTRICITY .................................................. 2
SAFETY WITH GASES ............................................................. 6
SAFETY WITH OXYGEN .......................................................... 9
SAFETY WITH OIL AND CHEMICALS ................................... 13
SAFETY WITH FIRE ................................................................ 20
PRINCIPLES OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES ............................. 26
INSTRUCTIONS INCASE OF FIRE ........................................ 32
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
7.1 i Mar 2014
PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
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PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
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coiled, and properly stored when not in use. are available. They must also be aware of the types of
emergency that can occur in the workplace (whether in the
Oil, grease, and other substances spilled on hangar or workshop, hangar or on the ramp), and of the procedures to be
shop floors should be immediately cleaned or covered followed in any emergency.
with an absorbent material to prevent fire or personal
injury.
It is very important, that all personnel know the location of the SAFETY WITH ELECTRICITY
fixed points where firefighting equipment and First Aid treatment
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
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PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
The human body conducts electricity. Furthermore, electrical safety. To show that this has been done, a dated label should
current, passing through the body, disrupts the nervous system be attached, showing when the equipment was last tested and
and causes burns at the entry and exit points. The current, used when the next inspection is due.
in domestic 220-240 volt, 50Hz ac electricity, is particularly Any new item of equipment must have a test label attached.
dangerous because it affects nerves in such a way that a The presence of a test label does not, however, absolve the
person, holding a current-carrying conductor, is unable to user from checking the equipment for any external signs of
release it. Table 1 shows some typical harmful values and damage, such as a frayed power cord (or missing safety
effects of both ac and dc electricity supplies. devices) before use.
In the event of a person witnessing another person receiving an
Since water also conducts electricity, great care must be taken electric shock, the basic actions, to be followed by the witness,
to avoid handling electrical equipment of all kinds when are:
standing on a wet surface or when wearing wet shoes. The
water provides a path to earth and heightens the possibility of Shout for help and ensure there is no danger of also
electric shock. To ensure that equipment is safe, the minimum becoming a victim
requirement is through the use of three-core cable (which Switch off the electrical current or remove the victim from
includes an earth lead) and, possibly, a safety cut-out device. the supply by means of insulated material
In conjunction, more often than not, with ignorance or If the victim has ceased breathing, initiate resuscitation
carelessness, electrical hazards generally arise due to one or Call for professional medical help
more of the following factors: If the victim is suffering from burns, exclude air from
wounds
Inadequate or non-existent earthing Treat for shock by keeping the victim warm
Worn or damaged wiring, insulation, plugs, sockets and
other installations
Bad wiring systems and the misuse of good systems
Incorrect use of fuses
Inadequate inspection and maintenance of power tools
and equipment
The approved methods of artificial resuscitation must, by law,
be displayed on wall charts in workplaces.
1 12 mA Painful, but can be released Of the three conductors one wire carries the power and is
referred to as the 'Live' wire. The second wire is the 'Neutral'
12 20 mA Very painful, cannot be released and is connected to the earth ground where the power enters
the building or at the transformer. The third wire is the Earth
20 50 mA Paralysis of respiration equipment ground and connects the housing of the equipment
to the earth ground.
> 50 mA Heart stoppage
Single phase wire/connector identification
Workshop electrical supply The following table is a guide to different wire insulation
color combinations available for the above wires.
Every shop in which aircraft maintenance is performed depends
upon electrical power for its operation, and it is the responsibility
of every one that uses electrical power
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PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
Insulator Color Safety issued regarding 3 phase supply is the same as for the
single phase supply, the only difference being that a failure in
220V/240V 110V/120V one phase will result in isolation of power for all phases
provided that proper protective equipment (such as 3 phase
Live Red Brown Black circuit breakers) are installed.
Neutral Black Blue White
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Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
Compressed Air Compressed air is primarily used as a power
source for maintenance equipment and tools In addition Always use safety eye-shields when handling and using
compressed air is also used for painting, as a pressure source compressed gases.
for carrying out leak checks, for purging of blocked plumbing,
etc. If a concentrated stream of compressed air is blown
across a cut in the skin, it is possible for air to enter the
Oxygen Oxygen is available in the compressed form as bloodstream and cause severe injury. For this reason,
Industrial Oxygen and Breathing oxygen. Industrial Oxygen air-dusting guns are usually equipped with a restrictor
is primarily used for oxy-acetylene welding Breathing Oxygen is that reduces the pressure at their discharge to 30psi or
used in the crew emergency oxygen system. On some aircraft, less.
breathing Oxygen is also used in the passenger emergency
oxygen system. Be very careful when using compressed air that you do
not blow dirt or chips into the face of anyone standing
near by
Nitrogen Used to inflate aircraft wheel assemblies, pre-charge
accumulators, as a pressure source for testing of
Do not use compressed air to clean hands or clothing as
certain equipment and systems and as a propellant. pressure can force debris into the flesh leading to
infection.
Other gases Gases such as Argon, Acetylene,
Carbon Dioxide, etc. have limited application in the aviation Never use a cylinder that cannot be positively identified
industry. Argon and Acetylene is used in welding, CO2 of its contents.
as a fire extinguishing agent and as a propellant.
Compressed gases are frequently used in the maintenance and When large cylinders are moved, strap them to a
servicing of aircraft. Most shop compressed air is held in the properly designed wheeled cart to ensure stability.
tanks and lines under a pressure of about 100psi. The use of
compressed gases requires a special set of safety measures. Use the appropriate regulator on each gas cylinder.
The following rules apply for the use of compressed gases: Adapters or homemade modifications can be dangerous.
Handle cylinders of compressed gases as you would Do not use compressed gas or compressed air to blow
high- energy sources and therefore potential explosives.
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Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
away dust or dirt, since the resultant flying particles are removing associated distribution equipment.
dangerous.
Shutting the cylinders valve, disconnecting and
Release compressed gas slowly; the rapid release of a removing associated distribution equipment.
compressed gas will cause an unsecured gas hose to
whip dangerously and also may build up a static charge, A requirement that only properly trained personnel are
which could ignite a combustible gas. permitted to move cylinders.
Inspect air hoses regularly for breaks and worn spots Use properly designed lifting equipment for the
and replace unsafe hoses immediately. movement of larger gas cylinders.
Moving cylinders
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Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
addition, oxygen combines with oil, grease, or bituminous
material to form a highly explosive mixture, which is sensitive to
impact.
SAFETY WITH OXYGEN Oxygen must never be allowed to come in contact with
petroleum products such as oil or grease as oxygen will cause
Oxygen is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas. Gaseous the oil to ignite spontaneously and burn. Never use an oily rag
oxygen is chemically stable and is non-flammable; however, or tools that are oily or greasy to install a fitting or a regulator on
combustible materials ignite more rapidly and burn with greater an oxygen cylinder.
intensity in Oxygen-rich atmosphere. In
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Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
potable water tank in aircraft equipped with potable water
Only oxygen marked "Aviators Breathing Oxygen" which meets system in case of normal pressure supply failure.
Federal Specification BB-O-925a.Grade A or equivalent may be
used in aircraft breathing oxygen systems. Nitrogen is usually supplied in compressed gaseous form in
steel cylinders pressurized up to 2500psi. Nitrogen is also
Before servicing any aircraft, consult the specific aircraft supplied as liquid Nitrogen in cryogenic cylinders that is to be
maintenance manual to determine the proper type of servicing installed in special Nitrogen carts that convert liquid Nitrogen to
equipment to be used. gaseous form for supply.
Two persons are required to service an aircraft with gaseous Nitrogen is used in place of compressed air mainly due to
oxygen. One man should be stationed at the control valves two reasons.
of the servicing equipment and one man stationed where
he can observe the pressure in the aircraft system.
a. Nitrogen is much cleaner than compressed air drawn
Communication between the two men is required in case of an
from pneumatic system or a cart as it does not contain
emergency.
moisture or lubricants such as oil.
Aircraft should not be serviced with oxygen during refueling, de-
fueling, or other maintenance work, which could provide a b. Nitrogen is benign to most materials and reduces the fire
source of ignition. Oxygen servicing of aircraft should be hazard especially at elevated temperatures. This is the
accomplished outside hangars. main reason why Nitrogen is used for charging aircraft
tires.
Section II Hazardous Ingredients: Section II describes Section VIII Special Protection: The required special
the various hazardous ingredients contained in the product that safety equipment when using the material is included in
are more than 1 percent (1%) of the total, their Section VIII. The need for such equipment is dependent upon
percentages, and exposure limits. the exposure incurred when using the material and the duration
of use.
Section III Physical Data: Section III includes such
important physical properties as follows; Boiling point, Section IX Special Precautions: Special handling and storage
Specific gravity, Vapor pressure, Percent volatile, Vapor information are listed in the section IX.
density, Evaporation rate, Solubility in water, Appearance and
odor.
Flammable and reactive chemicals become hazardous primarily Generally recommended personal safety equipment
after some outside event, condition, or
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Fire-retardant clothing For large spills, leave the area immediately and notify
your supervisor.
Fire extinguisher
In case of direct contact with skin or eyes, rinse
Handling and Storage immediately with water.
Limit access to open flames, sparks, hot surfaces, etc. If toxic substances are inhaled, go to a fresh-air area.
Note: Static electricity may produce sparks. To avoid If contact is made through clothing, remove wet clothing
sparks, containers should be grounded. and store it in a proper container.
Limit quantities to the minimum needed to accomplish Do not attempt to remove the substance with
the desired task. compressed air.
Corrosives
Store flammable toxins and corrosive toxic materials Corrosive materials are materials that can react with metallic
separately. The corrosive gases could attack the surfaces and/or cause bumming of the skin.
flammable containers, eventually leading to a leak of
flammable materials. Frequently found corrosives in the aviation industry include
acids and bases, such as battery acids and metal cleaning
Typical emergency procedures solutions. Strong acids are most normally found in a liquid form,
whereas bases tend to come in powdered form.
Turn off electrical equipment or any other potential
source of sparks. Generally recommended personal safety equipment
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Containers must be corrosive resistant. Toxins
Eye (goggles and/or faces shields) and skin protection Toxins are generally defined as any substance that can
(such as gloves) should always be worn. cause an illness or injury .The effects of toxins may appear all at
once, (called acute effects) or may build up over time with
Never add water to acid. additional exposure (chronic effects). Some toxins may
dissipate over time when further exposure is eliminated, while
Acids and bases should be stored separately.
others remain in a human's system, even after death.
Eye washes and showers should be easily accessible to
the work area.
Be sure to use the environmental control systems that Generally speaking, if the spillage is less than 1 gal, it
may already be in place, such as ventilation fans and may be cleaned up by wiping it up with absorbent
filters. materials.
Minimize the release of toxic agents into the Reactive agents are those materials that react violently with
environment by capping all containers and storing them other materials (not necessarily solids). The reactions that may
in properly ventilated areas. When toxins are used in take place range from violent explosions to the emission of heat
and/or gases.
open containers, such as dip tanks and trays, their
surface areas should be kept to a minimum in order to The following reactive agents are frequently found in the
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aviation industry: Many reactive agents are both toxic and corrosive.
Oxidizers, which add oxygen to situations where high Typical emergency procedures
levels of heat and burning are present
Shut down electrical equipment whenever possible. If
a) Peroxides there is any doubt in your mind regarding the degree of
reactivity and toxicity of the substances involved,
b) Perchloric acid and chromic acid
LEAVE THE AREA IMMEDIATELY AND NOTIFY YOUR
c) Halogens, such as bromine and iodine SUPERVISOR.
Examples of incompatible reactive materials include Safety practices that are of general nature associated with the
use of oils and chemicals are given below.
Cyanides (frequently used in plating) and acids;
Identify the correct oil/chemical to be used. Improper
Chloride bleach and ammonia (this combination forms and Incorrect use may result in injury or damage as
high toxic chlorine gas). certain chemicals when mixed together form highly
combustible explosive mixtures.
Generally recommended personal safety equipment
Follow manufacturers instructions printed on the
Gloves, aprons, respirator, and face shield or goggles container or leaflets accompanying the material.
are suggested.
Check for conditions for use as some chemicals may be
forbidden from use unless certain conditions are met
Be sure to use the environmental-control systems.
(E.g. proper ventilation, temperature etc.).
Handling and Storage
Use protective equipment such as gloves, goggles,
Store reactive materials in a location separate from other masks, etc. Avoid contact at all costs with material such
materials. Always review the MSDS (material safety data as sealants and lubrication compounds that are used in
sheet) for incompatible materials. the aviation industry as most of them are identified
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carcinogens, which means exposure to such material In case of a fire with oil or chemicals involved the type of
(inhalation, skin contact) can significantly increase the chemical involved will be a factor of how intense or how fast the
chance of developing malignant cancers. fire may spread and how much danger it may pose to the
personnel and property.
After use make sure by-products and any leftover
material is disposed according to guidelines set by Most chemicals are likely to give off toxic fumes at
manufacturer or local authority. elevated temperatures, therefore it is most advisable to vacate
and isolate the area and let emergency services handle the
situation. Only try to extinguish such fires if personally not at risk
to do so and the fire is contained in a small area.
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Compressed liquids and gases, such as welding oxygen and The aviation maintenance technician should remain conscious
acetylene, aviator's breathing oxygen, nitrogen, and hydraulic that potentially hazardous equipment is portable and remain
accumulators, present another physical hazard to the aviation vigilant for possible exposure in the work area.
maintenance technician. Although some of these substances by
themselves present hazards as chemical agents, placing them
under pressure may create another unique hazard.
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There are a number of types of portable fire extinguishers. Each
type of extinguisher may be rated for one or more classes of
fire. In some cases, particular extinguishers are not only
considered ineffective against certain classes of fire, they can
be dangerous if used in those circumstances. The classes of
fire are:
Classes of fire
Spontaneous ignition
1. Ordinary combustibles
3. Electrical
As these fires are the most commonly encountered, most fire
departments have equipment to handle them specifically. While Electrical fires are fires involving potentially energized electrical
this is acceptable for most ordinary
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equipment. The US system designates these "Class C"; the magnesium, potassium, steel, uranium, lithium, plutonium, and
European/Australian system designates them "Class E". This calcium. Magnesium and titanium fires are common, and 2006-
sort of fire may be caused by, for example, short-circuiting 7 saw the recall of laptop computer models containing lithium
machinery or overloaded electrical cables. These fires can be a batteries susceptible to spontaneous ignition. When one of
severe hazard to firefighters using water or other conductive these combustible metals ignites, it can easily and rapidly
agents: Electricity may be conducted from the fire, through spread to surrounding ordinary combustible materials.
water, the firefighter's body, and then earth. Electrical shocks
have caused many firefighter deaths.
With the exception of the metals that burn in contact with air or
Electrical fire may be fought in the same way as an ordinary water (for example, sodium), masses of combustible metals do
combustible fire, but water, foam, and other conductive agents not represent unusual fire risks because they have the ability to
are not to be used. While the fire is, or could possibly be conduct heat away from hot spots so efficiently that the heat of
electrically energized, it can be fought with any extinguishing combustion cannot be maintained - this means that it will
agent rated for electrical fire. Carbon dioxide CO2, Halo and dry require a lot of heat to ignite a mass of combustible metal.
chemical powder extinguishers such as PKP and even baking Generally, metal fire risks exist when sawdust, machine
soda are especially suited to extinguishing this sort of fire. Once shavings and other metal 'fines' are present. Generally, these
electricity is shut off to the equipment involved, it will generally fires can be ignited by the same types of ignition sources that
become an ordinary combustible fire. would start other common fires.
5. Cooking oil
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Depending on the nature of a class of fire the best method for responds best to carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 displaces the
suppression may be one of the following: oxygen in the atmosphere, making combustion impossible.
a. Cooling the fuel below its kindling point The CO2 extinguisher must be equipped with a nonmetallic horn
to be approved for use on electrical fires. Two reasons for this
b. Excluding the Oxygen supply requirement must be considered:
c. Separating the fuel from the Oxygen The discharge of CO2 through a metal horn can
generate static electricity. The static discharge could re-
These methods have led to the development of different types ignite the fire.
of extinguishers for different types of fires.
The metal horn, if in contact with the electric current,
Fire extinguishing agents would transmit that current to the extinguisher's
operator.
Class A Agents Class A fire extinguishers are water
or water-type extinguishers as they are the most suited Halogenated hydrocarbons are very effective on Class C fires.
for suppressing class A fires. These extinguishers cool the The vapor reacts chemically with the flame to extinguish the fire.
fuel below combustion temperatures, which is the most Dry chemicals are effective but have the disadvantage
effective method in containing class A fires. Class B and C of contaminating the local area with powder. Also, if used on
wet and energized electrical equipment, they may aggravate
extinguishers are effective but not equal to the
current leakage. Water or foam are not acceptable agents
wetting/cooling action of the Class A extinguisher. for use on electrical equipment, as they also may
aggravate current leakage.
Class B Agents Class B fires respond to carbon
dioxide (CO2), Halogenated hydrocarbons (halons), and dry Class D Agents Class D fires respond to the application of
chemicals, all of which displace the oxygen in the air, dry powder, which prevents oxidation and the resulting flame.
thereby making combustion impossible. Foam is effective, The application may be from an extinguisher, a scoop, or
especially when used in large quantities. Water is ineffective on a shovel.
Class B fires and in fact will cause the fire to spread.
Water Mist uses a fine misting nozzle to break up a Agent displaces oxygen (CO2 or inert gases), removes heat
stream of deionized water to the point of not conducting from the combustion zone (Halotron, FE-36) or inhibits chemical
electricity back to the operator. Class A and C rated. It is chain reaction (Halons). They are labeled clean agents because
used widely in hospitals for the reason that, unlike other they do not leave any residue after discharge, which is ideal for
clean-agent suppressants, it is harmless and non- sensitive electronics and documents.
contaminant. These extinguishers come in 1.75 and 2.5
gallon units, painted white in the United States and red
Halo (including Halo 1211 and Halo 1301), a gaseous
in Europe.
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agent that inhibits the chemical reaction of the fire. titanium, aluminum, and zirconium.
Classes B: C for lower weight fire extinguishers (2.3 kg ;
under 9 lbs) and A:B:C for heavier weights (4.1-7.7 kg ; Copper based powder developed by the U.S. Navy in
9-17 lbs). Banned from new production, except for the 70s for hard-to-control lithium and lithium-alloy fires.
military use, as its properties contribute to ozone Powder smothers and acts as a heat sink to dissipate
depletion and long atmospheric lifetime, usually 400 heat, but also forms a copper-lithium alloy on the surface
years. Halon 1301 and 1211 are being replaced with which is non-combustible and cuts off the oxygen
new halocarbon agents which have no ozone depletion
supply. Will cling to a vertical surface-lithium only.
properties and low atmospheric lifetimes, but are less
effective. Currently Halotron I, Halotron II, FE-36 Clean
guard and FM-200 are meant to be replacements with Graphite based extinguisher contains dry graphite that
significantly reduced ozone depletion potential. smothers burning metals. First type developed, designed
for magnesium, works on other metals as well. Unlike
CO2, a clean gaseous agent that displaces oxygen. sodium chloride powder extinguishers, the graphite
Highest rating for 7.7 kg (20 pound) portable CO2 powder fire extinguishers can be used on very hot
extinguishers is 10B:C. Not intended for Class A fires, as burning metal fires such as lithium, but unlike copper
the high-pressure cloud of gas can scatter burning powder extinguishers will not stick to and extinguish
materials. CO2 is not suitable for use on fires containing flowing or vertical lithium fires. Like copper
their own oxygen source, metals or cooking media. extinguishers, the graphite powder acts as a heat sink
Although it can be rather successful on a person on fire, as well as smothering the metal fire.
its use should be avoided where possible as it can
cause frostbite and is dangerous to use as it may
displace the oxygen needed for breathing, causing
suffocation.
Sodium carbonate based extinguisher used where
Class D stainless steel piping and equipment could be damaged
by sodium chloride based agents to control sodium,
There are several Class D fire extinguisher agents available, potassium, and sodium-potassium alloy fires. Limited
some will handle multiple types of metals, others will not. use on other metals. Smothers and forms a crust.
Sodium Chloride contains sodium chloride salt and Some water based suppressants may be used on
thermoplastic additive. Plastic melts to form an oxygen- certain class D fires, such as burning titanium and
excluding crust over the metal, and the salt dissipates magnesium. Examples include the Fire Blockade and
heat. Useful on most alkali metals including sodium and FireAde brands of suppressant. Some metals, such as
potassium, and other metals including magnesium,
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elemental Lithium, will react explosively with water,
therefore water-based chemicals should never be used
on such fires due to the possibility of a violent reaction.
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lever/pushbutton or calling the emergency desk number
by phone. Give following details, Name, Location of Fire in an enclosed area can be in a state of hibernation
emergency, Type of emergency and number of people if because of lack of oxygen within the compartment and
any involved. could instantly intensify if oxygen is reintroduced; this is
called Flash back. Therefore it is advisable to open any
If danger exists of any physical harm to the people in the door slowly and just wide enough to get the extinguisher
area take necessary action to vacate the area. nozzle in to extinguish any fire.
Isolate electrical, compressed air gas supply if continued
When using an extinguisher aim at the base of the
supply can aggravate the situation or endanger rescue
flames, at the near edge and bottom of the fire first, and
personnel.
then progress forward and upward. The discharge
Identify the type of fire and the extent before taking any nozzle should be moved rapidly with a side-to-side
action to extinguish the fire. sweeping motion. (Fig. B & D)
Put on any protection clothing available in the area In case of a fire on a person, smother flamed with a coat
provided for such purposes. or blanket, do not fan the flames and never use a fire
extinguisher on a person. Give medical attention
When searching for fire source or survivors, stay low if immediately.
not wearing portable breathing equipment
If you had been successful in extinguishing the fire,
maintain a vigil in case the fire re-ignites.
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PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
7.1 34 Mar 2014
PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
Everyone has left or is leaving the building.
You can fight fire with your back to a safe escape route.
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
7.1 35 Mar 2014
PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
Inspection and maintenance
f. Examination for obvious physical damage, corrosion,
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) sets the leakage, or clogged nozzle.
standard for fire extinguishers in the regulation NFPA 10.
This section will briefly explain the inspection and maintenance g. Pressure gauge reading or indicator in the operable
requirements for fire extinguishers. range or position. Note: Internal pressure is affected by
temperature.
Inspection
h. Condition of tires, wheels, carriage, hose, and nozzle
checked (for wheeled units).
An inspection is a "quick check" that an extinguisher is available
and will operate. It is intended to give reasonable assurance
Personnel making inspections should keep a record of
that the fire extinguisher is fully charged and operable. This is
inspections, including those found to require corrective action.
done by verifying that it is in its designated place, that it has not
The record should include the date the inspection was
been actuated or tampered with, and that there is no obvious or
performed, and the identity of the person conducting the
physical damage or condition to prevent its operation. Fire
inspection.
extinguishers should be inspected when they are initially placed
in service and thereafter at 30-day intervals. They may require
Maintenance
more frequent inspections if circumstances dictate.
Maintenance intervals begin on the date of manufacture, which
Inspection procedures:
can usually be found on the extinguisher nameplate.
a. Located in designated place
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
7.1 36 Mar 2014
PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
Pull the Pin: Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher that
keeps
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
7.1 37 Mar 2014
PIATRAININGCENTRE(PTC) Module 7 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
Category A/B1 Sub Module 7.1 Safety Precautions Aircraft and Workshop
the handle from being pressed. Break the plastic seal as the pin
is pulled.
Aim: Aim the nozzle or outlet toward the fire. Some hose
assemblies are clipped to the extinguisher body. Release the
hose and point.
Sweep: Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it is
out. After the fire is out, watch for remaining smoldering hot
spots or possible reflash of flammable liquids. Make sure the
fire is out.
ISO9001:2008Certified ForTrainingPurposeOnly
PTC/CM/B1.1 Basic/M7/01 Rev. 00
7.1 38 Mar 2014