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Physics
Momentum of a body is...
[ ]
B sin no external force acting on it.
Systems of Particles and Rotational
= tan1 Explanation: Writer :
Motion A + B cos
Consider two bodies A and B with initial - S. Sanjeeva
4 Marks Questions Q: Show that the trajectory of an object thrown
momentum PA and PB. After collision final Subject expert
at certain angle with the horizontal is a
Q: Can the velocity of an object be in a direction
parabola. momenta are PA' and PB'
other than the direction of acceleration of the By Newton second law, FAB t = PA' PA A: Angular acceleration:
A: Proof:
object? If so, give an example. and dw
= rad/s2
A: Yes, velocity of a body and its acceleration FBA t = PB' PB dt
may be in different directions. The rate of change of angular velocity is
By Newton third law, FAB = FBA
Examples: called angular acceleration.
i) If the body was projected up, the velocity is in PA' PA = PB' PB Torque:
upwards direction and the acceleration will be PA' + PB' = PA + PB
in downward direction. = r F N.m
Total final momentum =
ii) If a body is in uniform circular motion, the The product of force and perpendicular dis-
total initial momentum
velocity is along the tangent at that point and tance of the point of application of force from
Examples: the point is called torque.
acceleration is perpendicular to it, acting i) Consider a projectile is projected at 'O' into
towards the centre of circular path. Rocket and jet engine work on the principles Relation between angular acceleration and
air with initial velocity u, that makes an
of law of conservation of liner-momentum torque:
Q: State Parallelogram law of vectors. Derive angle with the x-axis. After the projectile
an expression for the magnitude and direc- Q: Mention the methods used to decrease the We know that, "The rate of change of angu-
has been projected, the acceleration act-
tion of the resultant vector. friction. lar momentum is equal to the torque".
ing on it directed vertically downward due
A: Statement: If two vectors are represented in to gravity. A: Methods used to decrease friction: dL
=
magnitude and direction by the two adjacent i) Polishing: If the surfaces are polished, dt
ii) The initial velocity u can be divided into
sides of a parallelogram drawn from a point, irregularities on surfaces are removed and as L = IW
two rectangular components.
then their resultant is represented by the there by friction decreases. d(IW) dw
diagonal drawn through the same point. Horizontal component ux = U cos , is = = I
ii) Lubricants: Lubricant is a substance dt dt
perpendicular to acceleration due to grav-
Magnitude of resultant: which spreads over the surface and fills
ity. Hence ux remain constant at any point dw
Q S the irregularities on surface there by fric- =I
of trajectory. dt
tion is reduced.
Vertical component uy = u sin , is oppo-
site to acceleration due to gravity.
iii) Ball bearings: The hard steel balls =I [ dw
... =
dt ]
R iii) When the projectile is at a point 'P', let x
placed between the moving parts convert
B sliding friction into rolling friction. The Q: Explain Celsius and Fahrenheit scales of
B and y be its horizontal and vertical dis- temperatures obtain the relation between
rolling friction is less than sliding friction.
placements respectively. Let 't' be the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales of tempera-
iv) Streamlining: Automobiles and aero-
time taken to reach the point P. ture.
planes are streamlined to reduce the fric-
iv) The horizontal distance travelled to reach A: The Celsius Scale: In the Celsius scale of
O N tion due to air.
A P the point P, in time t = x = ucos t Q: Define vector product. Explain the properties temperature, lower fixed point is ice point as
i) A and B are two vectors represented by x 0C. The upper fixed point is boiling point of
t = ...........(1) of a vector product with two examples.
the sides OP and OQ of a parallelogram. u cos A: Vector product or cross product:
water, as 100C. The interval between lower
The vertical distance travelled to reach the and upper fixed point is divided into 100
be the angle between them. The diagonal
point P, in time 't' R = A B = (AB sin ) n n = unit vector equal parts, each part corresponds to a dif-
OS represents the resultant of the two 1 Cross product of two vectors is vector. Its ference of temperature of 1C.
vectors. = y = uyt + agt2
2 magnitude is equal to the product of their mag- The Fahrenheit Scale: In the Fahrenheit
The resultant R is making an angle with 1
y = (u sin ) t + (g)t2 ........... (2) nitudes and sin of the angle between them and scale temperature lower fixed point is ice
2 the direction is perpendicular to both the vec-
A. point, as 32F. The upper fixed point is boil-
from 1 & 2 tors. ing point of water as 212F. The interval
( )
ii) From the triangle OSN, 2
x g X
OS2 = ON2 + SN2 y = (u sin ) Examples: between lower and upper fixed point is divid-
(u cos) 2 u cos ed into 180 equal parts, each part corre-
OS2 = [OP + PN]2 + SN2 ...... (1)
[ ]
g i) = r F
y = (tan ) x x2 sponds to a difference of temperature of 1F.
[... ON = OP + PN] The cross product of position vector ( r ) and
2u2cos2 Relation between Fahrenheit and Celsius
SN SN force vector ( F) gives torque ( ) Scale of temperatures
Tan = = ...... (2) g
ON OP + PN let tan = A, = B In both scales, lower limit and upper limit are
2
2u cos ii) L = r P
iii) From the triangle SPN, same. The only change in numerical values of
The cross product of position vector ( r ) and
SN y = Ax Bx2 lower and upper limits.
sin = SN = PS sin = B sin linear momentum ( P) gives angular momentum
PS The above equation represents a parabola. 100 Celsius Scale divisions =
( L)
PN Hence the trajectory of projectile is parabola. 180 Fahrenheit Scale division
cos = PN = PS cos = B cos Properties:
PS Q: Define the terms momentum and impulse. If the temperature of a body in Celsius and
i) Cross product does not obey commutative
iv) Now, the above SN, PS values are sub- State and explain the law of conservation of Fahrenheit scales are C and F respectively.
law:
stitute in Equation (1) linear momentum. Give examples. C 0 F 32
ABBA =
R2 = (A + B cos )2 + (B sin )2 A: Momentum: P = mv kg.m/s 100 180
R2 = A2 + 2AB cos + B2 cos2 + B2 sin2 ii) Cross product obey's distributive law: C F 32
Momentum of a body is defined as the prod-
=
R2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos uct of the mass and velocity of the body. A ( B + C) = A B + A C 5 9
[... cos2 + sin2 =1] iii) Cross product of two parallel vectors is a 5
C = (F 32)
IMPULSE: Impulse = F t = mv mu null vector. 9
R = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos
v) The direction of resultant:
Impulse is defined as the product of force
If = 0, A B = AB sin 0 = 0
9
F = (C + 32)
5
and time that produces change in momentum.
SN = 90, A B = AB sin 90 = AB
From (2)nd equation tan = Law of Conservation of linear momentum:
OP + PN Q: Define angular acceleration and torque. Send your feedback to
B sin The total momentum of an isolated system
tan = Establish the relation between angular
A + B cos
of interacting particles is conserved, if there is acceleration and torque. pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
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[
60
the hunters, but his horns were caught in when the height of the cone is equal to the 1 Paper cost,
radius of the cylinder and height of the 65. sin2 36 tan2 67 + Royalty 54
a bush. 2
]
72
cylinder is equal to the radius of the cone.
6: He was thus caught by the hunters. 1 1
(A) 4 : 3 (B) 4 : 5 (C) 3 : 2 (D) 5 : 2 tan2 22
(A) Q P R S (B) P Q R S 1 2 74. If the paper cost is Rs.1,620, then 'Royalty'
52. If the selling price of 16 articles is equal to cot 67 cosec 54
2 2
paid is
(C) P R Q S (D) R P Q S 2
Directions: In questions no. 43, a sentence has the cost price of 22 articles, then the profit (A) Rs.1,710 (B) Rs.2,160
is equal to ........
been given in active / passive voice. Out of percentage is ........ (C) Rs.2,430 (D) Rs.2,880
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/3 (D) 3
the four alternatives suggested, select the 2 75. Price of a book is 25% above the cost price.
(A) 16 % (B) 25% 66. If x + y + z = 0, then
( )
one which best expresses the same sentence 3 If the marked price is Rs.360, then the cost
2x2 2y2 2z2
in passive/active voice. (C) 37.5% (D) 50% + + of paper for a single copy (in Rs.) is
43. He will finish the work by Wednesday. xyz yzx zxy
(A) Rs.28 (B) Rs.43.20
a2 a2 b2 ,
(A) He would have finished the work by 53. If = then the value of a6 + b6 (x, y, z 0) is equal to ....... (C) Rs.52.50 (D) Rs.64
Wednesday. b2 a2 (A) 6 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 6
(B) He will have finished the work by is ........ 67. A invests Rs.56,000 in a business. After General Awareness
Wednesday. (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) a3 + b3 (D) 2 few months B joined him with Rs.32,000. At
(C) The work would have been finished by 54. If a fan is bought at a price ranging from 76. Typhoid Fever is caused by:
the end of the year, the total profit was
him by Wednesday. Rs.450 to Rs.650 and is sold at a price rang- divided between them in the ratio of 3 : 1.
(A) Fungi (B) Virus
(D) The work will be finished by him by ing from Rs.850 to Rs.1,000. What is the After how many months did B join?
(C) Bacteria (D) Protozoa
Wednesday. greatest possible profit that might be made 77. The Constitution (121st Amendment) Bill,
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
Directions: In question nos. 44, a sentence has in selling 18 fans? 2014 is related with .......
68. Distance of a chord from centre of a circle
been given in direct / indirect. Out of the four (A) Rs.3600 (B) Cannot be determined (A) constitution of an All India Judicial
of diameter 40 cm is 12 cm, then length of
alternatives suggested, select the one which (C) Rs.6,300 (D) Rs.9,900 Services.
the chord is ........
best expresses the same sentence in indirect 55. A can do a work in 24 days and A and B (B) setting up of a six-member National
/ direct. together can do the work in 15 days, then in (A) 16 cm (B) 20 cm (C) 24 cm (D) 32 cm Judicial Commission.
44. ''I'm going to the cinema'', she said. how many days B can do the work? 69. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower (C) amending the Article 3 of Indian
(A) She said that she was going to the (A) 30 (B) 36 (C) 40 (D) 48 from two points A and B are 30 and 60 Constitution
cinema. 56. A mixture of certain quantity of alcohol with respectively, and the distance between (D) catering more power to Indian
(B) She said that she will go to the cinema. 32 L of water is worth Rs.840 per litre. If points A and B is 20 3 m. The height of the Parliament to from a new State by alter-
(C) She says that she will be going to the pure alcohol costs Rs.1,260 per litre and tower is ........ ing boundaries of the existing States.
water is available free of cost, then the
(A) 20 m (B) 30 m (C) 40 3 m (D) 60 m
cinema. 78. Which of the following Islands are of coral
(D) She said that she would go to the amount of alcohol in the mixture is ........ 70. A train is moving at a speed of 78 km/h and origin?
cinema. (A) 40 L (B) 48 L (C) 56 L (D) 64 L covers a certain distance in 4.8 hours. The (A) Nicobar (B) Seychelles
Directions: In question nos. 45 and 46, some 57. The base of a right pyramid is an equilater- speed of the train to cover the same dis- (C) Lakshadweep (D) All of the above
parts of the sentences have errors and some al triangle of side 12 cm. If the total surface tance in 3.9 hours is ........ 79. Which of the following organizations got
area of the pyramid is 324 3 sq.cm, its
are correct. Find out which part of a sentence (A) 65 km/h (B) 80 km/h Noble Peace Prize for maximum times?
has an error. If a sentence is free from error, height is ........ (A) Organisation for the Prohibition of
(C) 96 km/h (D) 104 km/h
your answer is option (D). (A) 12 3 cm (B) 12 5 cm 71. The areas of two similar triangles are 768 Chemical Weapons
45. (A) His wife is (B) neurotic in switching (B) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
(C)
16 sq. cm and 588 sq. cm. If the perimeter of
lights off (C) at home to save electricity. (D) cm (D) 16 3 cm Change
3 the first triangle is 56 cm, then the perime-
No error. (C) International Atomic Energy Agency
58. A sum becomes Rs.4,761 in 2 years at 15% ter of the second triangle is ........
46. (A) The loss of jobs (B) is regarded by (D) International Committee of the Red
per annum compound interest, compound- (A) 24 cm (B) 49 cm (C) 56 cm (D) 64 cm
some as an necessary evil (C) in the fight Cross
against inflation. (D) No error. ed annually. The simple interest at 18% per Directions: The line graph shows the total
Directions: In question nos. 47 and 48, out of annum for 3 years on the same amount will sales (in hundred) of a company during 2008 Key
the four alternatives, choose the one which be ...... - 2013. Study the diagram and answer the Q. 1-C 17-A 33-B 49-A 65-B
best expresses the meaning of the given (A) Rs.3,450 (B) Rs.1,944 Nos. 72 and 73. 2-A 18-B 34-A 50-C 66-C
word. (C) Rs.2,324 (D) Rs.2,760 3-B 19-A 35-B 51-A 67-A
47. Usurp 59. If 2(2sin2 cos2) = 1 ( is a positive 4-D 20-D 36-B 52-C 68-D
(A) To be lazy (B) To climb acute angle), then 2tan is equal to ........ 5-B 21-D 37-B 53-A 69-B
(C) To seize power or position illegally (A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2
(D) 2 3 6-D 22-B 38-C 54-D 70-C
(D) To yield 60. If the sum of the digits of any integer lying 7-B 23-B 39-B 55-C 71-B
48. Mercurial between 1000 and 10000 is subtracted 8-C 24-B 40-A 56-D 72-B
(A) Mechanical (B) Heavy from the number, the result is always ........ 9-A 25-D 41-B 57-B 73-A
(C) Clownish (D) Quick-changing (A) divisible by 9 (B) divisible by 5 10-B 26-B 42-C 58-B 74-B
Directions: In question nos. 49 and 50, four (C) divisible by 6 (D) divisible by 11 11-D 27-D 43-D 59-C 75-B
alternatives are given for the idiom / phrase 72. Approximate average total sales (in hun-
61. Sides of a triangle are 36 cm, 45 cm and 27 12-A 28-A 44-A 60-A 76-C
underlined in the sentence. Choose the alter- dred) during the given period is
cm. Find the area of the triangle. 13-C 29-C 45-B 61-D 77-B
native which best expresses the meaning of (A) 385 (B) 401.67 (C) 425 (D) 440
the idiom / phrase. (A) 243 cm2 (B) 297 cm2 14-B 30-D 46-B 62-C 78-D
2 73. The total sales in the years 2008, 2010 and
49. Cooking food for the hundred guests was a (C) 468 cm (D) 486 cm2 15-C 31-B 47-C 63-D 79-D.
2013 is more than that in the years 2009,
piece of cake for the chef. 62. If a =18 and b = c = 16, then the value of 2011 and 2012 by 16-B 32-C 48-D 64-B
(A) easy (B) tiring a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc is ........ (A) 15000 (B) 18000
(C) satisfying (D) part of one's job (A) 0 (B) 144 (C) 200 (D) 432 (C) 21000 (D) 28000 (-N- -v-o- - -@-x)
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