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Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org (SASO)

SASO FDS/ 30127: 2016

MOTOR VEHICLES GASOLINE

ICS: 75.160.20

THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT SAUDI STANDARD CIRCULATED FOR


COMMENT. IT IS, THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT
BE REFERRED TO AS A SAUDI STANDARD UNTIL APPROVED BY
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.


) " () " 6102/0591(

) " 6110/0591(

.() "

Foreword

Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) has updated the
Saudi Standard No. (1950/2016) MOTOR VEHICLES GASOLINE" based on
relevant ADMO, International and National foreign Standards and references.
The approved Saudi Standard will replace and supersede the Saudi Standard No
(1950/2001) UNLEADED MOTOR VEHICLES GASOLINE
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ........./2016

MOTOR VEHICLES GASOLINE

1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION


1.1 This standard is concerned with unleaded motor vehicles gasoline used as a
fuel for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition internal combustion
engines. This fuel contains oxygenated compounds such as methyl tertiary
butyl ether (MTBE), and it contains two Grades (Premium Gasoline 95 RON) and
(Premium Gasoline 91 RON).
1.2 This standard describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a
wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and
water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic
changes at the locality where the fuel is used.
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this standard contains the gasoline
and its blends with oxygenates such as alcohols and ethers. This standard does
not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as
Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not
specifically limited in this standard. However, as oxygenate content increases
above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases,
and this is depending on oxygenate type.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. COMPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
2.1 SASO 150/1979 Determination of Total Sulfur Content in Petroleum
Products (Lamp Method)".
2.2 SASO 151/ 2003 "Methods for Determination of Existing Gum in Motor
Gasoline and Aircraft Fuels by Jet Evaporation".
2.3 SASO 181/2001 "Evaluation of Copper Corrosion by petroleum products
(Copper Strip Test)".
2.4 SASO-ASTM- D5191/2014 "Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of
Petroleum Products (Mini Method).
2.5 SASO 205/1980 "Electrical Fuel Dispensing Pumps".
2.6 SASO 256/1981 "Methods of Test for Gasoline Determination of Low Lead
Content in Gasoline".
2.7 SASO 258/1981 "Methods of Test for Gasoline - Determination of Vapour -
Liquid Ratio".
2.8 SASO-ASTM-D3341/2011 "Methods of Test for Gasoline - Determination of
the Lead Content in Gasoline by Iodine Monochloride Method".
2.9 SASO 619/1990 "Methods of Testing for Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ....../2016

Products: Determination of Density, Relative Density and API Gravity of


Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method".
2.10 SASO 1060/1998 Methods of testing gasoline- Determination of octane
number (research method)
2.11 SASO-ISO-3405/2014 "Petroleum Products- Determination of Distillation
Characteristics at Atmospheric Pressure".
2.12 SASO-ASTM-D3227/2014 Determination of Mercaptan Sulphur Content in
Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric
Method).
2.13 SASO 1752/2008 Determination of Colour of Petroleum Products.
2.14 SASO 1779/2000 "Determination of Density and Relative Density of Liquids
by Digital Density Meter".
2.15 SASO-ISO-3837/2010 Determination of Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indication Adsorption.
2.16 SASO-ISO-7536/2006 "Methods for Testing Gasoline Determination of
Oxidation Stability Gasoline by Induction Period Method".
2.17 SASO-ASTM-D-6378/2011 "Test M e t h o d of Vapour Pressure of Gasoline and
Gasoline Oxygenate Blends - (Dry Method)".
2.18 SASO- A S T M - D 2 3 8 0/ 2 0 0 5 "Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME,
DIPE, tertiary Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas
Chromatography".
2.19 SASO-ASTM-D3606/2011"Determination of Benzene and Toluene in
Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Chromatography".
2.20 SASO-ASTM-D6277/2014 "Standard Test Method for Determination of
Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ".
2.21 SASO-ASTM-D873/2014 "Determination of Oxidation Stability of Aviation
Fuels (Potential Residue Method)".
2.22 SASO 2162/2003 "Petroleum Liquids - Manual Sampling".
2.23 SASO 2262/2004 "Petroleum Liquids Automatic Sampling".
2.24 SASO-ISO-5275/2006 "Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvent-
Detection of Thiols and Other Sulfur Species- Doctor Test".
2.25 SASO-ASTM-D5453/2014 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total
Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence.
2.26 SASO-ISO-20847/2006 Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content
of automotive fuels - Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
2.27 SASO-ASTM-D2622/2011 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum
Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
2.28 SASO-ASTM-D5580/2014 Standard Test Method for Determination of
Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier
Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography.
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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ........./2016
2.29 SASO-ASTM-D5769/2014 Standard Test Method for Determination of
Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.
2.30 SASO-ASTM-D5059/2014 Standard Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-
Ray Spectroscopy.
2.31 SASO-ASTM-D3831/2014 Standard Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline
by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
2.32 SASO-ASTM-D6839/2014 Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types,
Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas
Chromatography.
2.33 SASO-ASTM-D86/2014 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum
Products at Atmospheric Pressure.
2.34 SASO-ASTM-D6378/2011 Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor
Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-
Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method).
2.35 SASO-ASTM-D323/2014 Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of
Petroleum Products (Reid Method).
2.36 SASO-GSO-OIML-R117/2007 Dynamic measuring systems for liquids other
than water. Part 1: Metrological and technical requirements .
2.37 SASO-GSO-OIML-R118/2007 Testing procedures and test report formatfor
pattern evaluation of fuel dispensersfor motor vehicles .
2.38 SASO./.. Determination of Total Iron in the Gasoline.

3. DEFINITIONS
3.1 Unleaded motor gasoline: A volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons,
generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for use as a fuel in
spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. It shall be no addition of an alkyl
lead.
3.2 Oxygenated compounds: One or more than one ashless, organic compounds
containing oxygen in some added substances such as ethanol or ether, which
can be mixed with gasoline as a fuel supplement.
3.3 Gasoline-alcohol blend: A fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along
with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 mass % oxygen, or more than
0.15 mass % oxygen if methanol is the only oxygenate) of one or more
alcohols.
3.4 Gasoline-ether blend: A fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along
with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 mass % oxygen) of one or more
ethers.
3.5 Gasoline-oxygenate blend: A fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along
with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 mass % oxygen, or more than
0.15 mass % oxygen if methanol is the only oxygenate) of one or more
oxygenates.

4. CLASSIFICATION
4.1 Unleaded gasoline shall be classified according to the Octane Number:
4.1.1 Premium gasoline (95 RON).
4.1.2 Premium gasoline (91 RON).
4.2 Unleaded gasoline shall be classified according to seasonal changes in
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ....../2016
volatility, vapour - liquid ratio and distillation fractions. Tables 1 and 2
represent 95 RON and 91 RON grades, respectively.

Table (1)
Premium Gasoline (95 RON)

TEST GUARANTEE METHOD


Color Standard Red See Item (2/13)
Corrosion Cu Strip at 50 C, 3 hr Max No. 1b See Item (2/3)

See Item (2/9) or


Density, at 15 C, kg/m3 To be reported
See Item (2/14)

Octane Number, Research Min 95.0 See Item (2/10)

Oxygenates MTBE,
Max 15.0
Vol % or
Other Ether Based Oxygenates, wt% Max 2.7

See Item (2/1)


See Item (2/25)
Sulfur, wt% Max 0.10
See Item (2/26)
See Item (2/27)

Doctor Test, or Negative (Note h) See Item (2/24)


See Item (2/12)
Mercaptan Sulfur, ppm wt Max 15.0

See Item (2/19)


See Item (2/28)
Benzene, vol% Max. 3.0
See Item (2/20)
See Item (2/29)
See Item (2/8)
Metallic Lead, g/L Max 0.013 (Note a)
See Item (2/30)
Total Manganese, mg/L 0.25 (Note i) See Item (2/31)
Total Iron, mg/kg 0.5 (Note i) See Item (2/36)
Max. 5.0 (Non-Cracked) See Item (2/15)
Olefin vol%
Max 20.0 (Cracked) (Note c) See Item (2/32)
Gum, Solvent Washed, mg/100 ml
Max 3.0 See Item (2/2)
(Note j)
Gum, Unwashed, mg/100 ml
To be reported See Item (2/2)
(Note j)

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ........./2016
Potential Gum Unwashed, 8 hr, To be reported
See Item (2/21)
mg/100 ml (Note j) (Note b)

Distillation:
Vol % Evap at 70 C (E70) Min - Max 20 - 48

Vol % Evap at 100 C (E100) Min Max 46 - 71


See Item (2/33)
See Item (2/11)
Vol % Evap at 150 C (E150) Min 75

End Point F (C) Max 437 (225)


Max Residue, vol% Max 2.0

SUMMER INTERMEDIATE WINTER


(Note g)
Vapor Lock Index (VLI) Max 875 915 1160

(Min - Max) (Min - Max) (Min - Max)


See Item (2/4)
Vapor Pressure, Reid, psia (kPa) See Item (2/35)
6.5(45) - 6.5 (45) 6.5 (45) - 11.5
See Item (2/34)
9.0(62) 10.0 (69) (79)

Oxidation Stability, at 212 F,


Min 480 See Item (2/16)
minutes
Additives: (See Notes c, d, e, f and i )

1. Antioxidant, lb/1,000 bbl. Min. 20.0

2. Metal Deactivator, lb/1,000 bbl. Min. 0.5


3.Deposit Control Additive (DCA),
lb/1,000 bbls. (Optional by Min. 130.0
Agreement)

Seasons Summer Intermedate Winter


Months June,July,August March,April,May,Septemper,October and November December,January and February

NOTES:
a) Testing of lead is not required for domestic gasoline, but is required for imported gasoline.
b) The result of the potential gum (unwashed, 8 hours) test is to be reported within 48 hours
from product certification at point of origin. The final objective of monitoring the potential
gum is to meet the internal target of a maximum potential gum content of 20 mg/100 ml
(unwashed, 8 hours). All gasoline producers are encouraged to meet this monitoring target.
c) The additive package (antioxidant and metal deactivator) is not needed for non cracked
gasoline.
d) Antioxidant dosing of imported gasoline shall be limited to a minimum of 20.0 lbs/1,000
barrels at the point of manufacture and certified by an independent inspector.
e) Approved additives type, brand, dosage and qualification reference to be reported.
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ....../2016
f) f ) No additives or chemical additions to gasoline are approved except as designated in this
specification.
g) VLI = 10(RVP) + 7(E70); RVP in KPA, E70 is vol% evaporated at 70 C.

h) If the result of the Doctor Test (Item 2/24) is positive, then only mercaptan sulfur determination
test is required.
i) Metallic additives are not allowed for octane boosting in Saudi Aramco gasoline (domestic
and im- ported). For the rejection of the imported cargoes, the detection limits of the equipment
shall be used. The detection limits of total manganese and iron are 0.25 mg/l and 0.5 mg/kg,
respectively. Testing of manganese and iron is not required for domestic gasoline, but is required
for imported gasoline. Labo- ratories analyzing the imported gasoline should always have the
ability to test for manganese and iron.
j) Test required for imported cargoes, cracked products, or when the olefins content is 5 vol. % or
more.

Table (2)
Premium Gasoline (91 RON)

TEST GUARANTEE Methods

Color Green See Item (2/13)

Corrosion Cu Strip at 50 C, 3 hr Max No. 1b See Item (2/3)

See Item (2/9)


Density, at 15 C, kg/m3 To be reported or See Item (2/14)

Octane Number, Research Min 91.0 See Item (2/10)

Octane Number, Motor (Note a) Min 81

Oxygenates MTBE, Vol % Max 15.0


or

Max 2.7
Other Ether Based Oxygenates, wt%

See Item (2/2)


See Item (2/25)
Sulfur, wt% Max 0.10
See Item (2/26)
See Item (2/27)
Doctor Test, or Negative (Note f ) See Item (2/24)
See Item (2/12)
Mercaptan Sulfur, ppm (wt) Max 15.0

See Item (2/19)


See Item (2/28)
Benzene, vol% Max. 3.0
See Item (2/20)
See Item (2/29)

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SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ........./2016
See Item (2/8)
Metallic Lead, g/L Max 0.013 (Note b)
See Item (2/30)
Total Manganese, mg/L 0.25 (Note g) See Item (2/31)

Total Iron, mg/kg 0.5 (Note g) See Item (2/38)

Max. 5.0 (Non-Cracked) See Item (2/15)


Olefin, vol%
Max 20.0 (Cracked) See Item (2/32)

Gum, Solvent Washed, mg/100 ml


Max 3.0 See Item (2/2)
(Note h)

Gum, Unwashed, mg/100 ml


To be reported See Item (2/2)
(Note h)

Potential Gum Unwashed, 8 hr, To be reported


See Item (2/21)
mg/100 ml (Note h) (Note c)

Distillation:
Vol% Evap at 70 C (E70) Min - Max 20-48
Vol% Evap at 100 C (E100) Min - Max 46-71 See Ite See Item (2/33)
m (2 See Item (2/11)
Vol% Evap at 150 C (E150) Min 75 /4)

End Point F (C) Max 437 (225)

2.0
Max Residue, vol% Max

SUMMER INTERMED WINTER


Vapor Lock Index (VLI) Max IATE (Note e)
875 915 1160

(Min (Min See Item (2/4)


(Min - Max)
Max) Max) See Item (2/35)
Vapor Pressure, Reid psia (kPa)
6.5 (45) See Item (2/34)
6.5(45) 6.5 (45)
11.5 (79)
9.0(62) 10.0 (69)

Oxidation Stability, at 100 C, minutes See Item (2/16)


Min 480
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ....../2016

Additives:
1. Antioxidant, lb/1,000 bbl.
Min. 20.0 (Note d)
2. Metal Deactivator, lb/1,000 bbl.
Min. 0.5
3. Deposit Control Additive (DCA),
lb/1,000 bbl. (Optional by
Min. 130.0
Agreement)

NOTES:

a) Applicable to imported cargoes only.


b) Testing of lead is not required for domestic gasoline, but is required for imported
gasoline,but reguired for imported gasoline.Refineries laboratories shoud have always the
ablity to test for metallic lead from time to time.
c) The result of the potential gum (unwashed, 8 hours) test is to be reported within a
maimum of 48 hours from product certification at point of origin. For imported gasoline
the potential gum is limited to a maximum of 20 mg/100 ml.OSPAS in coordination with
Distribution Operators has the authority to accept potential gum higher than 20 mg/100
ml,only on as needed basis .
d) The additive package (antioxidant and metal deactivator) is not needed for non cracked
gasoline.
Antioxidant dosing of imported gasoline shall be limited to a minimum of 20.0 lbs/1,000
barrels at the point of manufacture and certified by an independent inspector.
Approved additives type, brand, dosage and qualification reference to be reported.
No additives or chemical additions to gasoline are approved except as designated in this
specification.
e) VLI = 10(RVP) + 7(E70); RVP in KPA, E70 is vol% evaporated at 70 C.
f) If the result of the Doctor Test (Item 2/24) is positive, then only mercaptan sulfur
determination test is required.
g) Metallic additives are not allowed for octane boosting in Saudi Aramco gasoline (domestic
and im- ported). For the rejection of the imported cargoes, the detection limits of the
equipment shall be used. The detection limits of total manganese and iron are 0.25 mg/l
and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Testing of manganese and iron is not required for domestic
gasoline, but is required for imported gasoline. Labo- ratories analyzing the imported
gasoline should always have the ability to test for manganese and iron.
h) Test required for imported cargoes, cracked products, or when the olefins content is 5 vol.
% or more.

Note(1): benzene, sulphur, olefin compounds, oxygen content, and vapor pressure values are
recommended to be updated and revised.

8
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ........./2016

5. REQUIREMENTS
Unleaded motor vehicle gasoline shall meet the following:
5.1 It shall be free from undissolved water, suspended matters, and sediments. It
shall be clear and bright at the ambient temperature or at 21oC, whichever is
higher.

Note(2): The gasoline sample used in visual examination test shall not be cooled
below about 15oC or at the temperature recorded when the sample was taken,
whichever is lower, as cooling of gasoline containing oxygenated compounds can
produce changes in appearance that cannot be reversed on rewarming.

5.2 In order to produce vehicle catalytic systems phosphorus containing


compounds shall not be included in unleaded gasoline.
5.3 Oxygen content should not be more than 2.7% by mass in gasoline -
oxygenate blend.
5.4 It shall comply with the characteristics mentioned in Table 1 for RON 95 and
Table 2 for RON 91.

6. SAMPLING
6.1 Sampling shall be taken from gasoline pumps, storage tanks or pipeline
according to the Saudi Standards mentioned in items (2.36) and (2.37).

7. METHODS OF TEST
The following tests shall be carried out in accordance with Saudi standards
prescribed in items (2.1) to (2.38). Samples shall be taken in accordance with
item (6).
7.1 Visual inspection to ensure the absence of water, sediments and suspended
matter.
7.2 Determination of color.
7.3 Determination of distillation characteristics.
7.4 Determination of potential gum (unwashed) content.
7.5 Corrosion of copper strip test.
7.6 Determination of oxidation stability.
7.7 Determination of Sulfur content.
7.8 Determination of lead content.
7.9 Determination of vapour Pressure.
7.10 Determination of octane number by Research Method.
7.11 Determination of vapour-liquid ratio.
7.12 Determination of Oxygen content.
7.13 Determination of density.
7.14 Determination of methyl tertiary-butyl ether content (MTBE).
7.15 Determination of benzene content.
7.16 Determination of olefin content.
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ....../2016
7.17 Determination of solvent washed gum content.
7.18 Determination of additives.
7.19 Doctor test.
7.20 Determination of mercaptan sulphur content.

8. MARKING
8.1 Without prejudice to what is mentioned in the Saudi standard mentioned in
item (2.5), the following information shall be legibly and indelibly marked in a
conspicuous space on each gasoline pump and container in Arabic or Arabic
and English languages.
8.1.1 Unleaded gasoline.
8.1.2 Octane number.
8.1.3 Net volume (for container only).
8.1.4 Type of oxygenate.
8.1.5 Name of manufacturer or its trademark.
8.1.6 Date of manufacture or its abbreviation (for container only).
8.1.7 Precaution Avoid Environmental Pollution or put the international sign for
No Pollution.
8.2 For tank cars, tankers, tank lorries or others where marking is difficult,
however, those may be marked in invoice.

9. RULES O F ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION


9.1 Each consignment of unleaded motor vehicles gasoline shall be accompanied
with a certificate stating its compliance with this standard.

10
SAUDI ARABIAN STANDARD SASO ........./2016

REFERENCES
:
MAIN REFERENCES: :
- American Society for Testing and Material ASTM D- -
4814/2016b Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-
6182/4184
Ignition Engine Fuel.
""
- Aramco Specifications A-380/2014 and A-381/2014 for
Premium Motor Gasoline for RON 95 and RON 91. 6184/16- 6184/11- -
" 98 95 :"
:
-
Other References
- " 6186:661
- EUROPEAN STANDARD: EN 228:2012 "Automotive ." -
Fuels Unleaded Petrol Requirements and Test Methods"
-
- Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS K 2202 2012 Motor
Gasoline "6186 6616
."
- Society of Automotive Engineers SAE J312/2010
-
Automotive Gasoline.
." " 6181/86

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