Tugas

Ekonomi Teknik Kimia

DISUSUN OLEH :
1. NURUL FATIHA IBRAHIM M1B114004
2. YOGIE YOGENDRA HANS M1B114013
3. MARDHYANA ALBANJARI M1B114043
4. AREVA FATIHA NUR M1B114044

DOSEN PEMBIMBING:
SARAH FIEBRINA HERANINGSIH, S.T.,M.T

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
2017

9. Prepare a simplified equipment flowsheet for the acetaldehyde process outline in

prob. 8. Identify temperature, pressure, and composition, wherever possible, at each
piece of equipment.
 PdCl 2
C2H4 + 2CuCl2 + H2O CH3CHO + 2HCl + 2CuCl

2CuCl + 2HCl + 1/2O2 2CuCl2 + H2O

Reaction and regeneration :

The main considerations are the reaction kinetics, equilibrium relations, and heat of
reaction. The relationship of these factors will determine the reactor configuration and
the cooling water requirements. Obviously, physical and thermal data for all the flow
streams will be needed. Catalyst activity with information on its decline with time and
reactivation time will be needed for regeneration design purposes.

Scrubbing :
The equilibrium relationship between the various reactor components and water will be
the important design factor in this unit. Physical and thermal data for all the flow
streams will be needed. Build up of inerts is controlled by a bleed stream. The
composition of the latter must be known to determine the requirements for an auxiliary
reactor designed to complete the oxidation of unconverted ethylene.
Distillation :
The distillation unit requilibrium and vapor pressure data for the mass transfer
calculations. Separation of key components must be specified and separation
efficiencies need to be established. Physical and thermal data for all the flow streams
will again be needed. Heat transfer coefficients will be required for the design of heat
exchangers, condenser, and reboiler.

Degassing :
This unit will require much of the same information that is required for the distillation
unit only with different composition and flows.

A simplified equipment flowsheet for the acetldehyde process is given in hydrocarbon

process. Since this aproprietary process only sketchy information is supplied with
regards to temperature, pressure and stream composition at each piece of equipment
some of this information can be deduced from the information supplied for the raw
materials and utilities requirements per short ton of acetaldehyde.
Two versions of the process were developed at the same time:

1. Single-step process - in which the reaction and regeneration are conducted

simultaneously in the same reactor. O2 is used as the oxidizing agent.
2. Two-step process - in which the reaction and regeneration take place separately in two
reactors. In this case, air can be used for the oxidation

In the single-step process, ethylene and O 2 are fed into the catalyst solution at 3 bar and 120-
1300C, where 35-45% of the ethylene is converted. The resulting heat of reaction is utilized to
distill off acetaldehyde and water from the catalyst solution, which must be recycled to the
reactor. In this way, around 2.5-3.0 m 3 H2O per tonne acetaldehyde are recycled. It is necessary
to use a pure O2 and ethylene (99.9 vol%) feed to avoid ethylene losses which would otherwise
occur on discharging the accumulated inert gas.

In the two-step process, ethylene is almost completely converted with the catalyst solution at
105- 1100C and 10 bar. After reducing the pressure and distilling off an acetaldehyde/H 2O
mixture, the catalyst solution is regenerated with air at 100 0C and 10 bar in the oxidation reactor
and then returned to the reactor. Since the O 2 in the air is largely removed, a residual gas with a
high N2 content is obtained which can be used as an inert gas. The advantages of total ethylene
conversion and the use of air contrast with the disadvantages of a greater investment arising
from the double reactor system at higher pressure and the catalyst circulation.

In both processes the aqueous crude aldehyde is concentrated and byproducts such as acetic acid
crotonaldehyde and chlorine-containing compounds are removed in a two-step distillation. The
selectivities are almost equal (94%).