Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
permanent structures
temporary structures
Classification based on function
1. diversion structures
diversion dams
check gates
2. discharge measurement structures
weirs
parshall flumes
3. discharge regulating structures
headgates
turnouts
offtakes
4. flow dividing structures (distribution structures)
division boxes
5. miscellaneous structures (conveyance structures)
inverted siphons
flumes
crossings
drops/chute
underground pipes
tunnels
DIVERSION DAMS
a structure built across a river or
stream for diverting the streamflow
into a canal
a rectangular structure which is usually built along the main farm ditch to
divide and distribute the flow to the supplementary farm ditches
END CHECK
structures installed at the downstream end of a farm ditch to check the
direct flow of excess irrigation water into the drainage canals
it is consists of a fall structure combined with a pipe culvert under the canal
embankment
INVERTED SIPHONS
flow measuring structures that are placed across the open channel to
constrict the flow and allow it to pass over the crest
advantages: (a) relatively accurate; (b) easy to construct
disadvantages: (a) large head loss; (b) requires removal of collected debris
and sediment deposition; (c) accuracy is affected by approach velocity
PARSHALL FLUMES
an open channel measuring
structure in which canal water
flows over a wide, flat converging
section that widens at the outlet
end
advantages: (a) relatively
accurate; (b) small head loss; (c)
wide range of measurement
capability; (d) non-silting; (e)
accuracy is affected very slightly
by the approach velocity
disadvantages: (a) high
construction cost; (b) higher skill
needed in construction; (c) straight
canal is needed for its installation;
(d) it cannot be combined with a
turnout
CONVEYANCE STRUCTURES
MAIN CANAL
SECONDARY/TERTIARY CANAL