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Datos :
energia de activavion = Qv=20,000cal/mol.
Constate = K=1.9872cal/mol-k
Temperatura = T=1080 + 273 =1353
K
n = 4 atomos
N A = =
6.023x10atomos
Q
(
Nv=N e KT
) V
= n de vacantes
N A n atomos
N= =
PA a
4 atomos
N= 8
=8.47 x 10 atomos / c m
(3.6151 x 1 0 cm)
000cal
( )
20 .
mol
1.9872 cal
1353 K
molk
Nv=8.47 x 10 atomos /cm e =4.98 x 1019 vacantes/cm
Datos :
Qv=0.98 eV/atomo
K=8.62 10eV/atom- K
T=900 + 273 =1173 K
=18.63 g/cm
P A =196.9 g/mol
N A = 6.023x10atomos/mol
n de vacantes=
(
Nv=N e KT
) V
N A n atomos
N= =
PA a
23
6.023 x 10 atomos
18.63 g/ cm eV /atomo
mol ( 8.62 100.98
eV / atomK x 1173 K )
Nv= e
g
196.9
mol
a) la energa de activacin
b) la constante D
Datos :
D=4X10cm/s
D=6x10 cm/s
R=1.987cal/mol-k
T=1150 + 273 =1423 K
T=1715 + 273 =1988 K
Q
(
D =D e RT
) d
Dividimos :
Q
D
(
D e RT
) d
=
D ( Q
) d
D e RT
Q d Qd
D ( RT + RT )
=e
D
D Qd Qd
ln ( ) = +
D RT RT
Qd
ln ( DD )= R ( T1 T1 )
D
Q =
( D)
ln
R
d
1 1
( T T )
( 46Xx 1010cm
ln
cm /s
/s )
1.987 cal
1 1
Q =
( 1988 K 1423 K )
=95665.725
cal
95.7 kcal /mol
d
molk mol
la constante D
Q
(
D =D e RT
) d
D
D =
(e Q
RT )
d
4 X 10 cm
s
D = =
95.7 kcal / mol
2.001 cm/s
e
( 1.987 cal
molk
1423 K )
T(K) D(m/s)
1473 2.2x10
1673 4.8x10
Q
(
D=D e RT
) d
Q
(
D =D e RT
) d
D =D e
(Q
RT )
d
Dividimos :
Q
D
(
D e RT
) d
=
D ( Q
) d
D e RT
Q d Qd
D ( RT + RT )
=e
D
D Qd Qd
ln ( ) = +
D RT RT
Qd
ln ( DD )= R ( T1 T1 )
D
Q =
( D)
ln
R
d
1 1
( T T )
x 10 m /s
Qd =
ln ( 2.2
4.8 x 10 m / s )
1 1 8.31J/mol-K= 315.7 K J/mol
( 1673 1473 )
4.8 x 10 m / s
D = K J/ mol
( 8.31315.7
J/ molK1673 )
e
D = 3.5x10 m /s
D=1.14 x 10 m /s
Datos :
Qd= 3600 cal/mol
R=1.987cal/mol-k
T=650+ 273 =923K
Espesor=0.001pulg =2.54x10cm
0
D = 0.0012 cm/s
C C A C B
Gradiente de concentracion = =
X X A X B
tomos H /cm cm
C
Flujo =
J =D
X
D=
(
D e RT
) d
3600 cal/ mol
J =0.0012 cm /se
( 1.987 cal
molK
923k ) -1.968x10 tomos H /cm cm )
Datos
Espesor= 10mm=10x10m
D = 6.2x10 m/s
J=6.3x10 kg/m-s
C= 0.85 kg/m
C=0.40 kg/m
Qd= 80 000 J/mol
R= 8.31J/mol-K
T=?
C
Flujo =
J =D
X
C C A C B
Gradiente de concentracion = =
X X A X B
e
( RT )
d
C C B
A
J =D
X A X B
Q d
J (
=e RT
)
C AC B
D
X A XB
J Qd
ln
( D
C A C B
X A X B
=
RT
)
Q d
T=
( )
J
Rln
C AC B
D
X A XB
80 000 J / mol
T=
6.3 x 10 kg/ m s
8.31 J / molKln
(
6.2 x 10 m
/ s0.40 kg/ m 0.85 kg/m
10 x 10 m )
T =900 K=627 C
Datos :
C0 = 0.55 %
C s= 0 %
C x = 0.25%
X =?
T=1325K
Tiempo=t=10h 36000s
D= 4.3x10 m/s
0
0
x
C =1Ferr ( 2 Dt )
C
0
0
C
C
x
Ferr (
2 Dt
=1)
Ferr ( 2xDt )=1 0.250.55
00.55
Ferr
( 2xDt )=0.4545
Interpolando :
Z Ferr(Z)
0.40 0.4284
Y 0.4545
0.45
0.4755
0.45Y 0.47550.4545
=
0.450.40 0.47550.4284
Y =0.4277
x
=0.4277
2 Dt
x=0.42772 Dt
11 2
4.3 x 1 0 m
x=0.42772 x 36000 s
s
x= 1.06x10m 1.06mm
9.
a) calcular el coeficiente de difusin del magnesio en
aluminio a 450 C
b) Qu tiempo se necesita para producir a 550 C el
mismo efecto difusivo (en trminos de la
concentracin en un punto determinado ) que 15 h a
450 C?
Datos :
D=?
R=8.31J/mol-K
t=15 h
t=?
T=450+273=723K
T=550 +273=823K
2
D =1.2 X 1 0 m /s
Qd =131000 J /mol
0
0
C =1Ferr ( 2 xDt )
C
0
0
C
C
x
Ferr (
2 Dt
=1 )
Q
(
D=D e RT
) d
000J / mol
2 ( 8.31131
J/ molK723 K )
D =1.2 X 10 m /se
Ferr
( 2 Dx t ) =Ferr ( 2 Dx t )
D t = D t
Q
(
D =De RT
) d
131000 J /mol
( 8.31 J / mol K823 K )
2
D =1.2 X 10 m /se
2
D =5.76 x 10 m /s
D t = D t
2 2
4.07 x 10 m /s15 h = 5.76 x 10 m / st
t = 1.06 h
60 % Pb- 40 % Mg
W = 0.42
W Mg Pb =0.58
0
C
C
W =0.42=
8160
0.42=
81C
C =31%Pb